1- jkekorkj R;kxh ,d ifjp;@veu dqekj ^R;kxh

'kksËkkn'kZ (lanfHkZr ,oa lehf{kr 'kksËk vkys[kksa dh =Sekfld if=dk) o"kZ % 4 vad % 2 ekpZ & ebZ] 2022 RNI- UPHIN/2018/77444 ISSN 2582-1288 b/kj&m/kj ls jkekorkj R;kxh ,d ifjp;

veu dqekj R;kxh

jkekorkj R;kxh ij ftruk tkuus dk iz;kl fd;k tk, mruk de gh gSA mudk ,d izfln~/k xhr gS & ,d gljr Fkh fd vkapy dk eq>s I;kj feysA eSaus eaft+y dks ryk'kk eq>s ckt+kj feysAA ft+anxh vkSj crk rsjk bjknk D;k gS\ rsjs nkeu esa crk ekSr ls T+;knk D;k gS\ ft+anxh vkSj crk rsjk bjknk D;k gS\ bl xhr dks cpiu ls lqurk vk jgk gwaA fdruh gh ckj bl xhr dks lquks eu gh ugha Hkjrk gSA osnuk dk ;g xhr ?kksj fujk'kk ls vk'kk dh vksj ys tkrk gSA dky dh ckr djsa rks ;g og le; Fkk tc flusek esa fujk'kk Hkjs thou esa lkgl dk lapkj djus okys dbZ xhr fy[ks x, Fks] ftUgksaus n'kZdksa vkSj Jksrkvksa esa u;k mRlkg mRiUu fd;kA fQ+Ye ^ft+anxh vkSj rwQ+ku* (1975) ds bl xhr esa fo'ks"k ckr ;g jgh fd blesa dfo jkekorkj R;kxh us thou dh ml lPpkbZ dk izn'kZu fd;k gS] ftls Lohdkjus ls rRdkyhu lekt Mjrk jgkA ;g fo'ks"k izdkj dk vkSj fuMj iz;ksx FkkA mUgksaus lekt ds rFkkdfFkr lH; lekt dh vka[kksa esa vka[ksa Mky dj ckr dhA voSËk larku iSnk djus okyksa vkSj fQj ml larku dks lH; lekt n~okjk Bksdjs ekjus okyksa dks dV?kjs esa [kM+k dj fn;kA d+kSe ds v∏;k'k vxj voSËk lacaËk cukrs gSa vkSj larku tUe ys ysrh gS rks mlesa ,slh larku dk nks"k D;k gS\ blds ckotwn ,slh larku fdlls f'kd+k;r djs\ blfy, og viuh ft+anxh dks pqukSrh ekudj Lohdkj djrk gSA ^rsjs nkeu esa crk ekSr ls T+;knk D;k gSA* og e`R;q ls rfud Hkh Mjrk ugha gSA dfo jkekorkj R;kxh us flusek ds fy, fy[ks xhr ^ft+anxh vkSj crk rsjk bjknk D;k gS* ls dkQh izfln~f/k cVksjh ijarq fganh lkfgR; ds leh{kdksa us muds lkFk U;k; ugha fd;kA

dfo jkekorkj R;kxh ds le; ds lkfgR; dh ckr djsa rks lu~ 1936 bZ- ds vkl&ikl dfork esa lkekftd] vkfFkZd] jktuhfrd 'kks"k.k ls eqfDr dk Loj vfHkO;Dr gksus yxk FkkA blh uohu Ëkkjk dks Áxfrokn uke fn;k x;kA ftldk ÁkjaHk iar o fujkyk us fd;kA ckn esa Hkxorhpj.k oekZ] xksiky flag ^usikyh*] f'koeaxy flag ^lqeu* us Áxfroknh jpukvksa dk HkaMkj HkjkA blh ;k=k ij xksikynkl ^uhjt*] jkekorkj R;kxh] jkekuan nks"kh] jekukFk voLFkh] ohjsUÊ feJ] xtkuu ekËko eqfDrcksËk] dsnkjukFk vxzoky] ukxktqZu] f=ykspu tSls dfo Hkh vkxs c<+sA bu dfo;ksa dh jpukvksa esa ckSn~fËkd fparu dh ÁËkkurk jgh gSA ;g dfork O;fDrokn] dykokn ds dkj.k ppkZ esa jghaA eË;oxhZ; O;fDr;ksa dh ekufld dqaBkvksa vkSj vius vareqZ[kh gksus ds dkj.k vfËkdka'k dfork,a lkËkkj.k ikBd dh le> esa ugha vkrh FkhaA ijarq dfo jkekorkj R;kxh us ftl 'kSyh dks viuk;k og vke ikBd dh le> esa [kwc vkrh FkhA og 'kgj esa jgrs gq, vkSj 'kgjh ft+anxh ls nq%[kh gksdj dgrs gSa& eSa rks rksM+ eksM+ ds caËku vius xkao pyk tk≈axk rqe vkd"kZd lacaËkksa dk] vkapy cqurs jg tkvksxsA d f o j k e k o r k j R;kxh dh yxHkx iaÊg iqLrdsa Ádkf'kr gqbZ gSaA mudh dqN dfork,a ,ulhbZvkjVh ds fganh ikB~;ÿe esa Hkh 'kkfey dh xb±A mŸkj Áns'k ÁkFkfed f'k{kk ds d{kk vkB ds i k B ~ ; ÿ e e s a H k h m u d h ^ l e i Z . k * u k e d d f o r k 'kkfey gSA dfo lEesyuksa esa R;kxh th Lojfpr dforkvksa dks y;&rky ds lkFk xkrs FksA ^ft+anxh vkSj crk rsjk bjknk D;k gS* xhr dks rks eapksa ij mUgksaus lcls vf/kd ckj xk;kA R;kxh th us uoHkkjr VkbEl esa ^ÿkbe fjiksVZj* ls ysdj lkIrkfgd LraHk ys[ku rd dk dke fd;kA ;gh ugha cfYd muds thou dh [+kkl ckr ;g Hkh jgh fd iwoZ ÁËkkuea=h bafnjk xkaËkh us mUgsa jktho xkaËkh vkSj lat; xkaËkh dks fganh okpu ds fy, futh f'k{kd Hkh fu;qDr fd;kA ,sls ;'kLoh lkfgR;dkj jkekorkj R;kxh dk tUe tuin

QkeZ&IV

1- izdk'kd dk LFkku % ,@7] vkn'kZ uxj (rkrkjiqj ykyw)] uthckckn] fctukSj m-iz 2- izdk'ku dh fu;r vof/k % =Sekfld 3- eqnzd dk uke jk"V™h;rk irk % veu dqekj % Hkkjrh; % ,@7] vkn'kZ uxj (rkrkjiqj ykyw)] uthckckn] fctukSj m-iz

4- izdk'kd dk uke jk"V™h;rk irk

5- laiknzd dk uke jk"V™h;rk irk % veu dqekj % Hkkjrh; % ,@7] vkn'kZ uxj (rkrkjiqj ykyw)] uthckckn] fctukSj m-iz % veu dqekj % Hkkjrh; % ,@7] vkn'kZ uxj (rkrkjiqj ykyw)] uthckckn] fctukSj m-iz

6- mu O;fDr;ksa ds] tks lekpkji= ds Lokeh gSa vkSj mu Hkkxhnkjksa ;k 'ks;jËkkjdksa ds tks dqy iwath ds 1 izfr'kr ls vf/kd va'k ds /kkjd gSa] uke vkSj irsA % vU; dksbZ ugha

eSa veu dqekj ?kks"k.kk djrk gwa fd ≈ij nh xbZ fof'kf"V;ka esjs loksZRre Kku vkSj fo'okl ds vuqlkj lgh gSaA

'kksËkkn'kZ (lanfHkZr ,oa lehf{kr 'kksËk vkys[kksa dh =Sekfld if=dk) o"kZ % 4 vad % 2 ekpZ & ebZ] 2022 RNI- UPHIN/2018/77444 ISSN 2582-1288 eqjknkckn ds varxZr lEHky (orZeku esa ftyk gS) rglhy ds dqjdkoyh xzke esa R;kxh (Hkwfegkj czk„.k) ifjokj esa 17 ekpZ] 1925 dks ({ksepanz lqeu th ds vuqlkj 8 tqykbZ] 1925) gqvkA mudh ekrk dk uke HkkxhjFkh vkSj firk dk uke mny flag R;kxh FkkA R;kxh th dh ÁkjafHkd f'k{kk 10 lky dh mez esa 'kq: gqbZA tcfd mudh 'kknh 1941 esa 16 lky dh mez esa gh gks xbZ FkhA mUgksaus 1944 esa gkbZ Ldwy dh i<+kbZ iwjh dh FkhA R;kxh th us eqjknkckn ds pankSlh fMxzh dkWyst ls Lukrd fd;k vkSj fganw fo'ofon~;ky; rFkk fnYyh fo'ofon~;ky; esa LukrdksŸkj dh mikfËk ÁkIr dhA ?kj dh :f<+okfnrk ls foÊksg dj R;kxh us vR;ar fo"ke ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa f'k{kk ÁkIr dhA var esa fnYyh vkdj bUgksaus fo;ksxh gfj vkSj egkohj vfËkdkjh ds lkFk laiknu dk;Z fd;kA R;kxh ihM+k ds dfo gSaA budh 'kCn&;kstuk ljy rFkk vuqHkwfr xgjh gSA budk dfork laxzg ^vkBoka Loj* iqjLd`r gSA jkekorkj R;kxh fganh xhr dh nqfu;k esa ,d mYys[kuh;] Áfrf"Br] lEekfur dfo ds :i esa rks fo[;kr jgs gh] vius LoHkko] [kqjnqjs O;fDrRo ,oa LokfHkekuh fet+kt ds dkj.k fooknkLin Hkh jgsA ftl vk;kstu esa R;kxh th ekStwn gksa] ml ij fof'k"V gks tkuk fuf'pr FkkA thou dh mnkl 'kkeksa] dfBu pqukSfr;ksa dks Á[kj vfHkO;fDr nsus okys jkekorkj R;kxh vius xgjs volkniw.kZ xhrksa esa Hkh vfHkO;fDr ds ,sls vk;ke ÁLrqr djrs Fks tks vU;= nqyZHk gSaA mUgksaus jktho xkaËkh (Hkkjr ds iwoZ ÁËkkuea=h) dks O;fDrxr :i ls fganh Hkk"kk dh d{kk,a nh FkhA mUgksaus fganh fQ+Ye ft+anxh vkSj rwQ+ku (1975) ds fy, ^ft+anxh vkSj jkr rsjs fy, gS* uked xhr dh jpuk dhA mUgksaus uoHkkjr VkbEl ds fy, ,d ÿkbe fjiksVZj ds :i esa dke fd;kA mUgksaus lkIrkfgd ys[k ^eywd nkl dh d+ye ls* Hkh fy[kkA ;g egku dfo 12 vizSy lu 1985 dks bl u'oj nqfu;k dks NksM+ lnk ds fy, pyk x;kA

og ns'kizseh dfork,a Hkh [kwc fy[krs FksA mudh ^leiZ.k* dfork fofHkUu ikB~;ÿe esa 'kkfey dh xbZ gSA eu lefiZr ru lefiZr vkSj ;g thou lefiZr pkgrk gwa ns'k dh Ëkjrh rq>s dqN vkSj Hkh nwa dfork dk ikB djrs&djrs eu esa tks ns'kHkkouk meM+rh gS og ns[kus yk;d gksrh gSA i=&if=dkvksa esa Hkh jkekorkj R;kxh dh jpuk,a izdkf'kr gqbZ gSaA ys[kd 'ksjtax xxZ us jkekorkj R;kxh ij ,d iqLrd & ^gekjs yksdfiz; xhrdkj % jkekorkj R;kxh* fy[kh gS tks ok.kh izdk'ku fnYyh ls izdkf'kr gSA ,d vkSj iqLrd {ksepanz lqeu us Hkh ^jkekorkj R;kxh* (fganh ds dfo) izdkf'kr djkbZ FkhA blds vykok ,d vkSj iqLrd dSyk'k oktis;h us ^jkekorkj R;kxh* fy[kh gS tks mRrj izns'k fganh laLFkku y[ku≈ ls izdkf'kr gqbZ gSA lkfgR;dkj jkekorkj R;kxh dh iqLrdsa gSa& 1- u;k [+kwu (dkO;)& 1953] iq"i Ádk'ku] fnYyh] 2- xkrk gqvk nnZ (dkO;)] 3- xhr cksyrs gSa (dkO;)] 4- eSa fnYyh gwa (dkO;)& 1959] caly ,.M da-] fnYyhA(uohu iqjLdkj ÁkIr)] 5- xqykc vkSj ccwy ou (dkO;)] 1973 vkRekjke ,aM lUl] 6lekËkku (miU;kl)&1954 vkRekjke ,.M lal] fnYyh] 7- pfj=ghu dss i= (miU;kl)& 1957 vkx±l ifCyf'kax da-] fnYyh] 8- vkBoka Loj (dkO;)& 1958 Ádk'ku & ›Sad cznlZ] pkanuh pkSd] fnYyh (1959 esa m- Á-] 9- lius egd mBs (dkO;)] 10- fnYyh tks ,d 'kgj Fkk] 11- jke >jks[kk] 12jk"V™h; ,drk dh dgkuh] 13- egkdfo dkyhnkl jfpr es?knwr dk dkO;kuqokn (dkO;)] 14- xhr lIrd&bDdhl xhr (dkO;)] 15- ygq ds pan d+rjs (x+t+y laxzg) laiknu & 1- jkt/kkuh ds dfo &1952 (fuekZ.k Ádk'ku] fnYyh)] 2lekt &1955] 3- Áxhr &1959 (fdrkc egy Ádk'ku)] 4- lekt dY;k.k] 5- lkIrkfgd fganqLrku] 6- uoHkkjr VkbEl jkekorkj R;kxh ftl xkao esa iys&c<+s mlls cgqr I;kj djrs jgsA ;gka rd fd fnYyh vkSj eqacbZ tSls egkuxjksa esa Hkh vius xkao dh ckr djuk ugha HkwysA mUgksaus ftruk izse vius xkao dks fd;k mlls dgha vfËkd vius ns'k dks Hkh fd;kA izd`fr izse muds lkfgR; esa Li"V >ydrk gS rks lkekftd rkus&ckus dks Hkh mUgksaus vius lkfgR; dh fo"k;oLrq cuk;k gSA fdarq nq%[k dk fo"k; gS fd jkekorkj R;kxh tSls egku lkfgR;dkj vkSj muds lkfgR; ij vHkh vko';d izdk'k ugha Mkyk x;k gSA ,sls esa jkekorkj R;kxh ds O;fDrRo ,oa muds d`frRo ij fo"kn vË;;u dh vko';drk gSA

tgka rd vfHkO;fDr dk laca/k gS] R;kxh ds jksus] galus] xkus ;gka rd fd mlds fcndus esa Hkh ,d vnk gSA

&fnudj HkkbZ jkekorkj R;kxh 50 o"kZ ds gks jgs gSaA ij dfo o"kks± ls ugha ukik tkrkA og lnk oklUrh vkSj ;qok jgrk gSA mez dk dfo ij dksbZ ÁHkko ugha iM+rkA R;kxh th ds lkFk Hkh ;g ckr lR; gSA tc ls R;kxh th ls ifjp; gqvk] fnu&fnu eS=h Hkko c<+rk gh x;k gSA gkyr ;g gS fd og esjs fe= gSa vkSj NksVs HkkbZ HkhA vius ;'kLoh thou ds 125 o"kZ rd og LoLFk jgsa] ;gh dkeuk djrk gwaA &v{k;dqekj tSu

x+t+y

lksus okyksa pyks ekSle dks cnydj lks;saA ,sls ekgkSy ls vaxkj ij pydj lks;saAA dy ;g cLrh Fkh exj vkt gS eqnks± dk 'kgjA ;g tks ne&rksM+ ?kqVu blls fudydj lks;saAA vkx Vdjkrs gq, liuksa ls mB ldrh gSA ikl okyksa ls dgks vkt lEHkydj lks;saAA ,sls lUukVs esa Hkh uhan ftUgsa vkrh gksA muls dg nks fd tjk nwj Vgydj lks;saAA dkSu tkus esjs gennZ lqcg gks fd u gksA vkt dh jkr dks dqN nsj epydj lks;saAA vkx dks [kkstrk 'kk;n dksbZ dy vk fudysA mldh [+kkfrj gh lgh vkx mxydj lks;saAA