9- yksdfiz; fganh dfo ,oa xhrdkj jkekorkj R;kxh@MkW- lq'khy dqekj R;kxh ^vfer

yksdfiz; fganh dfo ,oa xhrdkj jkekorkj R;kxh

yksdfiz; fganh dfo ,oa xhrdkj jkekorkj R;kxh dk thou vR;ar osnuk] ihM+k vkSj la?k"kZ ls Hkjk gqvk FkkA blhfy, mUgsa ^^ihM+k dk xk;d** Hkh dgk x;kA muds nnZ Hkjs xhr vkt Hkh thoar gSaA fQ+Ye ^^ft+anxh vkSj rwQ+ku** (1975) esa mudk ,d xhr lfEefyr fd;k] tks dfo&‚n; dh xgu vuqHkwfr;ksa dks mtkxj djrk gqvk lekt dh folaxfr;ksa ij ,d rhoz izgkj djrk gSA xhr dh dqN iafDr;ka nz"VO; gSa& ^^,d gljr Fkh vkapy dk] eq>s I;kj feysA eSaus eaft+y dks ryk'kk] eq>s ckt+kj feysAA ft+anxh vkSj crk rsjk bjknk D;k gS\** bl xhr dks lqizfln~/k lqeËkqj xk;d eqds'k us xk;k gSA tc&tc Hkh ;g xhr vkdk'kok.kh (jsfM;ks) ij lquk tkrk gS] rc&rc ml egku xhrdkj dh ikou Le`fr tkx`r gks mBrh gSA okLro esa dfo jkekorkj R;kxh ,d ,slk Hkkoqd xhrdkj gS] ftlus lSadM+ksa nnZ Hkjs xhrksa dk l`tu fd;k vkSj thou dh grk'kk] fujk'kk vkSj fo"kkn dks viuh ys[kuh ds ekË;e ls mdsjk gSA thou dh dM+oh lPpkbZ dk o.kZu djus okyk vxj dksbZ xhrdkj gS] rks og ,d ek= dfo jkekorkj R;kxh gSaA bl egku lkfgR;dkj jkekorkj R;kxh dk tUe mRrj izns'k ds eqjknkckn tuinkarxZr rglhy lEHky ds xzke ^^dqjdkoyh** (tks vc tuin lEHky esa gS) esa 8 tqykbZ] 1925 (Jh {ksepanz lqeu ds vuqlkj) dks R;kxh czk„.k ifjokj esa gqvkA ifjokj esa pkj HkkbZ vkSj ,d cgu] ftuesa lcls cM+s jkekorkj FksA ckY;kokLFkk esa jkekorkj dks Lokax] xkus] ctkus] Hktu] jkek;.k vkSj vkYgk vkfn esa fo'ks"k vfHk:fp FkhA mudk Ldwy xkao ls 5 ehy dh nwjh ij Fkk] f'k{kk xzg.k djus gsrq iSny gh vkokxeu djuk iM+rk FkkA bl chp dHkh ekSt vkbZ rks jkLrs esa gh cSBdj ;s dgha rqdsa tksM+us esa yx tkrsA bl izdkj cpiu ls gh dfork ds izfr mudk xgu yxko jgkA lu~ 1941 esa tc ;s lkroha d{kk esa i<+rs Fks] rHkh mudk fookg Hkh dj fn;k x;kA ;s vkxs i<+uk pkgrs Fks vkSj ?kjokys budh bl ckr ls ukjkt jgrs Fks] fdarq buds eu ij eka dh ihM+k dk vR;fËkd izHkko iM+k vkSj bUgksaus eu gh eu fu'p; dj fy;k Fkk fd eka dh izlUurk ds fy, i<+uk vko';d gSA lu~ 1944 esa lEHky ds fdax tktZ twfu;j gkbZLdwy ls eSfV™d] lu~ 1948 esa pankSlh ds ';ke lqanj eSeksfj;y dkWfyt ls ch-,mRrh.kZ fd;kA blh varjky iRuh ds ifjokj okyksa ls mudk xgjk eu&eqVko gks x;kA ckr ;gka rd c<+h fd iRuh ukrk rksM+ vius ek;ds pyh xbZA ;gha ls muds thou esa vR;fËkd ifjorZu vk;k vkSj os ,d fnu ?kj R;kxdj fnYyh ds fy, py fn,A fnYyh muds fy, vifjfpr LFkku FkkA muds ikl ,d ekewyh lk lanwd Fkk] ikap #i, vkSj dqN vkus FksA os dbZ fnu rd fnYyh taD'ku ds izrh{kky; esa jgsA fnYyh esa gh jgus okys ,d nwj ds fj'rsnkj ls Jh fo;ksxh gfj dk uke lquk FkkA irk feyus ij og ogka igqap x,A fo;ksxh gfj us mudh O;Fkk&dFkk lquh vkSj muds fy, ^gfjtu mn~;ksx'kkyk* esa Bgjus dh O;oLFkk dj nh vkSj bl 'krZ ds lkFk fd vkidks gfjtu cPpksa dks dqN le; i<+kuk gksxkA bl izdkj jkekorkj R;kxh dk LoIu Hkh Ëkhjs&Ëkhjs lkdkj gksus yxkA ,d fnu og le; fudkydj ,e, (fganh) dh d{kk esa izos'k ikus dh bPNk ls fganw dkWfyt esa tk igqapsA mu fnuksa ds fganh&foHkkxkË;{k MkW- lqjsUnz ukFk 'kkL=h FksA blh chp mudh dqN dfork,a LFkkuh; ^^ohj vtqZu** esa izdkf'kr gks pqdh FkhA vr% mUgksaus 'kkL=h th ds lEeq[k viuh gkfnZd bPNk dks izdV fd;k vkSj viuk uke crk;k rks 'kkL=h th us uke lqudj mUgsa cM+s Lusg ls vius ikl cSBk;kA ysfdu jkekorkj R;kxh us viuh fLFkfr dks O;Dr djrs gq, dgk&^^nkf[+kys ds Hkh iSls ikl ugha gSa] vkSj i<+us dh gkfnZd bPNk gS] dgha dt+Z dh O;oLFkk gks tk, rks Hkh dke iwjk gks ldrk gSA** bl izdkj og fnYyh fo'ofon~;ky; ds fu;fer fon~;kFkhZ cu ,e-,- djus yxsA fdarq QS'ku dk dksbZ fBdkuk ugha] ij muds ikl iguus vkSj QS'ku djus ds fy, mu fnuksa dsoy ,d gjh deht+ vkSj yV~Bs dk iktkek gh FkkA ysfdu FkksM+s gh fnuksa esa viuh dfork vkSj vË;;u esa :fp gksus ds dkj.k mUgksaus vius lgikfB;ksa vkSj xq#tuksa dh n`f"V esa viuk fof'k"V LFkku cuk fy;kA lu~ 1950 esa mudh HksaV Jh egkohj vfËkdkjh ls gqbZ] ml le; vfËkdkjh th ^uoHkkjr* ds jfookljh; laLdj.k dk laiknu djrs Fks vkSj ^uo;qx* ds lgk;d laiknd ds :Ik esa mudk uke izdkf'kr gksrk FkkA vfËkdkjh th us jkekorkj R;kxh dh lkfgfR;d izfrHkk dks ij[kk vkSj bl txexkrs ghjs dks fganh lkfgR; txr esa izfrf"Br dj vius thou ds lokZfËkd egŸoiw.kZ dk;Z dk laiknu fd;kA ^fldanj* uked [kaMdkO; ds dqN va'k Hkh mu fnuksa ^uo;qx* esa izdkf'kr gq,] ftUgsa i<+dj fganh dfork ds ikjf[k;ksa dks bl u, u{k= dk mn; dk vkHkkl gks x;k FkkA bl izdkj 'kuS% 'kuS% jkekorkj R;kxh dh izfrHkk rFkk ;ksX;rk ls fnYyh dk lkfgfR;d okrkoj.k egd mBkA ;gha ls muds fonzksg vkSj nnZ Hkjs xhrksa dh dgkuh vkjaHk gksrh gSA lqizfln~/k lkfgR;dkj in~eJh vkpk;Z {ksepanz ^lqeu* n~okjk laikfnr d`fr ^^vkt ds yksdfiz; fganh dfo jkekorkj R;kxh** (thouh ,oa ladyu) esa fy[krs gSa& ^^lu~ 1950 dk 16 vxLrA lCth eaMh dh jke:Ik ËkeZ'kkyk esa Lora=rk fnol ds miy{; esa dfo&lEesyu dk vk;kstuA lEesyu dh vË;{krk eSa dj jgk gwaA dk;Zokgh izkjaHk djrs gq, ,d r:.k dk uke eSa lwph esa ls ?kksf"kr djrk gwaA dfo gSa jkekorkj R;kxhA ns[krk gwa fd vkSlr dn dk lkaoys jax dk ,d r:.k dkyk p'ek yxk, eap dh vksj vk jgk gSA blls iwoZ eSaus mls ugha lquk FkkA ysfdu ml fnu eSaus tks dqN lquk] og vkt Hkh ugha Hkwyk gSA iqjkru O;oLFkk cnyrh u;k ;qx] u;k [+kwu ysdj pyk vk jgk gwaA ubZ uko ttZj iqjkus iqfyu ij] feyu dks mrjuk ugha pkgrh gSA ubZ ok;q lw[ks gq, miouksa esa] Bgjdj xqt+juk ugha pkgrh gSA ;g Fkk fonzksg vkSj ÿkafr dk lans'k] tks ml fnu Lora=rk ds 'kqHkkxeu ij eq>s R;kxh ls lquus dks feyk FkkA eSaus rHkh tku fy;k Fkk fd R;kxh dk dfo lekt ds uo fuekZ.k ds fy, vR;ar vkrqj vkSj vkdqy gSA

'kksËkkn'kZ (lanfHkZr ,oa lehf{kr 'kksËk vkys[kksa dh =Sekfld if=dk) o"kZ % 4 vad % 2 ekpZ & ebZ] 2022 RNI- UPHIN/2018/77444 ISSN 2582-1288 og pkgrk gS lekt esa fo"kerk dk tks tky QSyk gqvk gS] mldk 'kh?kz gh var gks vkSj ns'k dk uo&fuekZ.k djus ds fy, r:.kksa esa R;kx vkSj cfynku dh ikou xaxk izokfgr gks mBsA** bl izdkj vkpk;Z lqeu us dfo dh O;xzrk dks igpku fy;k Fkk] os ml le; vR;fËkd jkekorkj R;kxh ds dkO;ikB ls izHkkfor gq,A dfo jkekorkj R;kxh us ;qx ds bfrgkl dks cnyus ds fy, ns'k ds r:.kksa dks pqukSrh nh vkSj fy[kk& rqe le>ksxs] eSa ckxh gwa] fonzksgh gwa] rqe dgdj eq>dks ^ikxy* iqdkjksxsA rqe ^egk ukfLrd* dgdj x+kyh Hkh nksxs] gks ldk vxj rks eq> ij iRFkj Hkh ekjksxsA ij eSa rks caËku rksM+ tekus&Hkj ds gh] bl ,d cx+kor dks lqyxkus vk;k gwaA eSa pepe djrs QkM+ lekth ijns dks] vanj lM+rh rLohj fn[kkus vk;k gwaA dfo vkxs fy[krk gS& blls rks ir>j vPNk] ,slk eËkqekl cny nksA lkSxaËk fgeky; dh rqe dks] ;qx dk bfrgkl cny nksAA bl izdkj vHkkoksa vkSj la?k"kks± ls tw>rs jgus ds dkj.k dfo dk ‚n; Nk=&thou ls gh fonzksgh gks pqdk Fkk] tks mudh dforkvksa esa ins&ins ifjyf{kr gksrk fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA dqN fnuksa] mUgksaus ^jke:Ik fon~;k eafnj* f'k{k.k laLFkk esa f'k{k.k dk;Z fd;k fdarq vfËkd fnu ;g dk;Z u dj ldsA bl chp muds thou esa ,d ubZ vkaËkh vk xbZA ;gha ls mudh vufxur vlQy izse&dFkkvksa dk izkjaHk gksrk gSA iRuh ls loZnk ds fy, fj'rk VwV pqdk FkkA bl izdkj mudk thou iwjh rjg fo"kkDr gks jgk FkkA ^ft+anxh* uked dfork us dfo ds ‚n; ds fo;ksx&Tokj dks tkx`r dj fn;k FkkA dqN iafDr;ka nsf[k,& ^^vka[k nks Vdjk xbZ gksa] tc fdlh ds ykspuksa lsA gks x;k gks eqXËk tks Hkh :Ik ds dqN dEiuksa lsAA ekSu thou&okfVdk esa I;kj ds r:oj rys] fey x, gksa izk.k ftldks jkg esa vkrs ouksa lsA mu feyu ds nks {k.kksa dk uke dsoy ft+anxh] jkr dh bu rM+iuksa dk uke dsoy ft+anxhAA** bl izdkj dfo us vius thou esa u tkus fdrus mRFkku&iru ns[ks gSaA dgha og izse&ik'k esa caËkk rks dgha og Nyk Hkh x;kA vius vjekuksa dh gksyh tykus okyk ;g dfo dqN bl izdkj dh Hkkouk,a izdV djrk gS&

^^dYiuk ds iq"i pqu&pqu LoIu Fks eSaus ltk,A Hkkouk dks lkËkuk dg] xhr fdrus xquxquk,AA tks gqvk vijkËk eq>ls] lc ‚n; dh Hkkouk FkhA mu e/kqj vkd"kZ.kksa esa] eSa jgk lqËk&cqËk Hkqyk,AA ^^;kn er eq>dks fnykvks Hkwr dh Hkwyh dgkuh] vkt eSa vjeku dh gksyh tykdj tk jgk gwaA xhr tks eSaus cuk, Fks] feVkdj vk jgk gwaAA** muds lkjs lius pwj&pwj gks x,A bl izdkj dfork vkSj xhrksa esa tks ihM+k tkx`r gksrh gS] og dfo&‚n; dh ltho ihM+k gSA dfo jkekorkj R;kxh dh lkfgfR;drk ls izHkkfor fganh ds ewËk±; dfo Jh jkeËkkjh flag ^fnudj* us muds dfoRo dh iz'kalk djrs gq, mudh dkO;d`fr ^vkBoka Loj* dh Hkwfedk esa fy[kk gS&^^R;kxh ds xhr eq>s cgqr ilan vkrs gSaA mlds jksus] mlds galus] mlds fcndus vkSj fp<+us] ;gka rd fd mlds xoZ esa Hkh ,d vnk gS] tks eu dks eksg ysrh gSA** fnYyh dh ,d dkO; xks"Bh esa fganh ds 'kh"kZLFk dfo MkW- gfjoa'k jk; cPpu us ;g dgk Fkk& ^^jkekorkj R;kxh vkt dh ih<+h ds dfo;ksa esa Hkkjr Hkj esa vdsyk gSA ;g xhrksa dk ckn'kkg gSA** MkW- in~eflag 'kekZ ^deys'k* us muds lacaËk esa dgk gS&^^R;kxh iz.k; dh fofHkUu ifjfLFkfr;ksa dk ftl ekfeZdrk ls fp=.k djrs gSa] og vn~forh; gSA lgt Hkk"kk fy[kus esa og fganh ds vkËkqfud xhrdkjksa esa lcls vkxs gSa] vNwrh miek,a] rkth lwfDr;ka vkSj ekSfyd iz;ksx R;kxh th dh dfork ds ,sls xq.k gSa] tks xhrdkjksa ds fy, gh ugha] iz;ksxokfn;ksa ds fy, Hkh vkn'kZ gks ldrs gSaA** mUgksaus ^lekt* dk laiknu&dk;Z fd;k] ;g le; muds fy, cM+h dfBurk dk FkkA Jh egkohj vfËkdkjh ^lekt* ls gVkdj vius lkFk ^lekt dY;k.k* esa laiknukFkZ ys vk,A dqN fnu mUgksaus ^lkIrkfgd fganqLrku* esa Hkh dk;Z fd;kA blh chp mudk fookg Jherh lq;'k ,e,] chVh ds lkFk gqvkA igyh iRuh ls izkIr mudh dU;k jktckyk Hkh muds ikl vkdj i<+kbZ djus yxh FkhA bl izdkj os vius ifjokj dh lgk;rk Hkh djrs FksA vius nks NksVs HkkbZ;ksa dh i<+kbZ esa Hkh fo'ks"k lg;ksx fn;k FkkA dfo jkekorkj R;kxh dk igyk dkO; laxzg ^u;k [+kwu* lu~ 1953 esa izdkf'kr gqvkA mlesa mudh vlarks"k] fonzksg vkSj ÿkafr ls ifjiw.kZ jpuk,a laxzghr FkhA ftlds dkj.k dfo us dfork ds {ks= esa viuk fof'k"V LFkku cuk;k FkkA mUgksaus ,d miU;kl ^lekËkku Hkh fy[kk] tks lu~ 1954 esa Nik FkkA blds i'pkr~ lu~ 1958 esa dkO; d`fr ^^vkBoka Loj** izdkf'kr gqbZ] ftl ij mRrj izns'k ljdkj us iqjLd`r fd;k FkkA blh izdkj ^^eSa fnYyh gwa** lu~ 1959 esa ,d NksVk lk ckyksi;ksxh dkO; ftl ij Hkkjr ljdkj ds f'k{kk lfpoky; us mUgsa iqjLd`r fd;kA xhr cksyrs gSa (dkO;)] xkrk gqvk nnZ (dkO;)] xqykc vkSj ccwy ou (dkO;)] pfj=ghu ds i= (miU;kl)] lius egd mBs (dkO;)] fnYyh tks 'kgj Fkk] jke >jks[kk] jk"V™h; ,drk dh dgkuh] egkdfo dkyhnkl jfpr es?knwr dk dkO;kuqokn] xhr lIrd&bDdhl xhr (dkO;) vkfn dfo dh lqizfln~/k d`fr;ka gSaA ^jktËkkuh ds dfo* lu~ 1952 esa rFkk ^izxfr* dk lu~ 1959 esa =Sekfld i=ksa dk laiknu Jh ckyLo:Ik ^jkgh* ds lg;ksx ls Hkh fd;kA dfo jkekorkj R;kxh us jk"V™h; jpukvksa dk Hkh fuekZ.k fd;k] tks d{kk 8 ds ikB~;ÿe esa fuËkkZfjr dh xbZ& ^^eu lefiZr] ru lefiZr] vkSj ;g thou lefiZrA

MkW- lq'khy dqekj R;kxh ^vfer*

mikpk;Z&xq#dqy egkfon~;ky; Tokykiqj] gfjn~okj