2304
EXODUS TOWER VENEZUELAN DISPLACEMENT
People continue to leave Venezuela to escape violence, insecurity, and threats as well as lack of food, medicine, and essential services. With over 4 million Venezuelans now living abroad, the vast majority in countries within Latin America and the Caribbean, this is the largest exodus in the region’s recent history. Ongoing political, human rights, and socio-economic developments in Venezuela compel growing numbers of children, women, and men to leave for neighboring countries and beyond. Many arrive scared, tired, and in dire need of assistance.
ATLANTIC GARBAGE PATCH North Atlantic SITE LOCATION
Gyre
STRATEGY North Atlantic Gyre
SELF-SUFFICIENT COMMUNITY KEY PRINCIPLE
Venezuela
North Pacific Gyre
recycling greywater
biodegradable material South Atlantic Gyre
Desalination
Photovoltaic
WASTE ENERGY WATER Waste to plant
Rainwater Harvesting
FOOD
Aquaponic
BIODIVERSITY
algae farming
spiral farming
Public Forest Garden marine conservation
Indian Ocean Gyre
GARBAGE PATCH MAP
South Pacific Gyre
If we go northern side of Venezuela and further to the Atlantic ocean we can see another problem floating on the surface of the water. According to the scientist, billions of bits of plastic are accumulating in a massive garbage patch in the Atlantic Ocean. The garbage patch sits hundreds of miles off the North American coast. Although its east-west span is unknown, the patch covers a region between 22 and 38 degrees north latitude (roughly the distance from Cuba to Virginia).
DESIGN CONCEPT We are choosing this site because many countries have refused to accept more refugees due to limited capacity. Therefore we choose Atlantic because it is closest to the Venezuela border and located in free international territory hence makes the location under no one influence or rule. This building is supposed to be not only a shelter for refugees to live independently but also to cover the site problem itself that is marine debris.
MASSING CONCEPT The main idea of the building is to create a flexible circulation in the form of a continuous spiral ramp. This also allowed the building to provide an integrated function between residential and public amenities and create a flexible social interaction between each floor.
CIRCULATION
WATER & ENERGY SYSTEM
+ housing block
= continuous ramp
continuous integrated living space
SPIRAL FARMING
RESIDENTIAL UNITS Residential units provide housing block for the refugees.
CONNECTING BRIDGE The bridge connect between core and circulation area OUTER LAYER The outer layer consists of a solar panel, it becomes one of the energy resources for the building.
CIRCULATION AREA The continuous ramp is used for horizontal and vertical circulation in the building so it can access for everyone
AGRICULTURE AREA The agriculture area was located parallel with the circulation area. This area provides food for the resident of the building.
CORE Besides its structural function, the core also responsible for vertical mobility and utility transport.
PUBLIC PLAZA The public plaza is an open area that can be used for various public events. PUBLIC AMENITIES Public amenities consist of facilities to support the community’s life, such as the medical center, market, and etc. PUBLIC PARK The public park plays a significant role not only as a communal space for residents but also to provide an ecological system
EDUCATION CENTER The education center focused on creating a learning environment for all residents. It includes public school, public library, etc. RESEARCH CENTER The research center focused on research activities such as plastic research, ocean research, garbage patch research, etc. MICRO PLASTIC FILTRATION The second filtration is applied because microplastic is more dangerous than macroplastic.
DESALINATION AREA The system converts seawater into freshwater that will be distributed for the resident. END PRODUCTS
WASTE, WATER & ENERGY SYSTEM WASTE TO ENERGY PLANT The plant converts plastic garbage into energy as an energy resource for the resident.
1. Material Process Waste material is received in an enclosed receiving area, where it is more mixed in preparation for combustion. Negative airflow will carry dust and odor into the combustion chamber.
MATERIAL PROCESS
WATER INTAKE Water flows into the chamber. Rubbish goes in with the water FILTRATION The filter membrane traps the rubbish and collected in waste receiving area
OCEAN WASTE
GARBAGE FILTRATION The filter membrane traps the rubbish and collected in the waste receiving area.
CHIMNEY
COMBUSTION
COMBUSTION STEAM TURBINE
PUMP Water then goes into the pump. The water flows to desalination process and the rest of it released to ocean
BACK INTO THE OCEAN
THE GIANT SEABIN
UNDERWATER REEF STRUCTURE The reef structure is made for marine plant and animal agriculture to meet the food needs of the resident.
MATERIAL PROCESS
WATER
DESALINA-
HOUSE ELECTRICITY
The waste collecting system inspired by the system of Seabin project. The water gets sucked into our giant seabin bringing all the floating ocean waste into it. The giant seabin catches all the floating waste inside and then the water flows out through the bottom of the bin and pumped out. Sea water is sprayed over heated pipes which evaporate only the clean water OCEAN WATER
DISTILLED PIPED
PIPED VAPOR
CONDENSED
CONDENSED
CONDENSED FRESH
CONDENSED FRESH ADSORPTION
BRINE
HOT AIR
Amongst other countries Venezuela has a rather higher amount of displacement; 3.6 million people (A total of 4.5 million Venezuelans have left their country at the end of 2019 including 9.300 refugees, 794.500 asylum seekers and 3.6 million Venezuelans displaced abroad)
RAIN WATER TANK The rain water tank is used for rain water harvesting. The water will be the source for agriculture irrigation
COLD AIR
UNHCR’s annual Global Trends report shows that an unprecedented 79.5 million were displaced as of the end of 2019. 45.7 million were people who had fled to other areas of their own countries. The rest were people displaced elsewhere, 4.2 million of them being people awaiting the outcome of asylum requests, while 29.6 million were refugees and others forcibly displaced outside their country.
The hot water vapor is then used to heat the next stage of the evaporation process
The water then cools and condenses and collected as pure fresh water
The adsorption process is composed of a silica gel that easily adsorbs water vapor
2. Efficient Combustion Mixed waste enters the combustion chamber on a timed moving grate, which turns it over repeatedly to keep it exposed and burning. A measured injection of oxygen and fumes drawn from the receiving area makes for a more complete burn.
GENERATOR
POWER GENERATION
ENVIROMENTAL CONTROL 4. Mercury and Heavy Metal Capture Activated carbon is injected into the hot gases to absorb and remove heavy metals, such as mercury and cadmium.
BOILER
POWER REGENERATION
GRAT
5. Bottom Ash Recycling The unburned remains of combustion—"bottom ash"—are passed by magnets and eddy current separators to remove both ferrous (steel and iron) and other metals for recycling. The remaining ash can be used as aggregate for roadbeds and rail embankments. 6. Fly Ash Capture Although fly ash is captured throughout the process, the finest airborne particulates are removed in the filter baghouse, where an induction fan draws air through fabric bags toward the stack or chimney.
WATER SYSTEM The water needs for the residents provided by a seawater-into-freshwater system called the desalination system. This system will convert the seawater into the freshwater by using steam energy output from waste-to-energy system. Then the fresh water will be distributed for the residents.
BOTTOM ASH
3. Steam Power Generation Highly efficient superheated steam powers the steam turbine generator. The cooling steam is METAL cycled back into water through the condensor or diverted as a heat source for buildings or AGGREGATE desalinization plants.
ENVIROMENTAL CONTROL
SPRAY DRYER
BAG HOUSE
FLY ASH
LANDFILL
WASTE-TO-ENERGY After the ocean waste collected, the next process is converting the waste into the energy for the consumption of the residents. The waste-to-energy system designed into the vertical flow rather than horizontal.
FUTURE DEVELOPMENT NEIGHBORHOOD
VILLAGE
CITY
One neighborhood creates a community of 1150 residents
Four neighborhoods creates a community of 4600 residents
8 neighborhoods creates a community of 9200 residents
15 years
25 - 30 years