Chapter 6: Existing Studies

Detailed Project Report for Municipal Solid Waste Management Collection & Transportation for Nagar Palika Parishad Maharajganj ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA) NOTIFICATION, 2006

The requirement involved in setting up of select development projects (projects with potential to cause significant environmental impacts) in India is through the Environmental Clearance (EC) Process using Environmental Impact Assessment study as a decision-making tool. The EC process is mandated by the new EIA notification dated 14th September 2006 and is administered by the Ministry of Environment and Forests at the Central Government level involving the role of State level regulatory and Government bodies (as the State Pollution Control Board and the Environment Departments).

All ‘Common Municipal Solid Waste Management Facilities (CMSWMF)’ listed under project/ activity 7(i) of the EIA Notification have been classified as Category “B” projects. As per the new notification, all category “B” projects/ activities are required to obtain prior environmental clearances from the concerned State Environmental Impact Assessment Authority (SEIAA) through submission of prescribed application. Further environmental studies requiring the preparation of EIA for project appraisal will be determined by SEIAA depending on the nature and location specificity of the project. Hence, depending on the requirement of EIA study, category “B” projects have been further classified into “B1” and “B2”. All “B1” category projects require the preparation of an EIA report. In addition, projects which are required to get EC are also subjected to mandatory Environmental Public Consultation as part of EIA process. However, for category “B” projects public consultation will be applicable only for “B1” projects.

Detailed Project Report for Municipal Solid Waste Management Collection & Transportation for Nagar Palika Parishad Maharajganj

SWM IMPROVEMENT PLAN FOR UP PREPARED BY COWI CONSULTANTS

COWI was appointed by World Bank as consultants to provide technical assistance to the Government of Uttar Pradesh for improvement of solid waste management in the ULBs in Uttar Pradesh as well as comply with applicable regulations MSW Rules 2000 (rule applicable during the report preparation).

Integrated Solid Waste Management Plan was developed for 17 ULBs in Uttar Pradesh. Theimprovement plan was focussed on developing a planning model that can be used to create other city specific projects for solid waste management in other ULB’s in UP. The consultants carried out feasibility assessment of treatment technologies. The main project activities included data collection, landfill site reconnaissance, social assessment survey and waste survey. The study also included technical and financial assessment. The various chapters of the report are presented in brief in this section.

Assessment of Current System

The existing waste system for collection & transportation of waste is similar in all the ULBs. Tractor with trailer is the most commonly used vehicle along with back hoe loader. Street containers are few and not placed strategically; the condition of the containers is in general poor. Manual loading and unloading of waste is a prevalent practice in these ULBs. Some of the ULBs are using containers of 1-3 m3, which is required to be transported individually to the dumpsite. The wear and tear of the machines and vehicles involved in collection & transportation of waste is quite high due to poor quality and technical specifications.

Windrow composting is practiced in some of the ULBs but a majority of them are open dumpsites. Lack of source segregation and poor compost quality with no takers for the compost produced. In the design, priority has been given to minimum use of landfill. The plan proposes processing of entire biodegradable waste available at site to prevent stockpiling of waste at site. A World Bank technical assistance team had completed a field visit for some of the projects in Phase I improvement projects in second half of 2013. The study brought to focus that projects undertaken via PPP route were experiencing serious difficulties in operation of the system. The main reasons listed in the report are:

• Compost being produced from mixed waste which hampers the quality of compost leading topoor marketability.

• RDF marketing predictions were not correct which lead to piling of RDF at the sites and leading to contamination.

• Cap on the total quantity of waste that can be landfilled. The 20% capping created serious problems for the developers/operators since the mixed waste contained street sweepings and drain silt which in turn affected the quality of the by-products i.e. RDF and compost.

Detailed Project Report for Municipal Solid Waste Management Collection & Transportation for Nagar Palika Parishad Maharajganj

• Non-payment of user fees and tipping fees to the operator on time led to cash flow issues.

• The grants available for these types of projects was limited to the initial capital investment for the implementation of the project. No grant was planned to support the project during operation of the project i.e. during development of new landfill cells or replacement of ageing infrastructures in the project.

Improvement proposal along with Capex and Opex

• The improvement proposal covered all aspects of an integrated solid waste management system.

Broad descriptions have been provided for the type of infrastructures to be employed for door to door collection of waste including primary & secondary collection of waste. 3 composting options has been described in brief which can be practiced for treatment of waste. Recommendations has been provided on the landfill filling strategy along with landfill management.

• Unlike the long contract period of 30 years in phase I smaller contract period of 10-15 years has been recommended for collection contracts considering not only vehicle life but also financial depreciation.

• Brief methodology for collection of user fees and availability of grant for construction of landfill cells in future has been discussed in the report.

• The report presents the total Capex & Opex requirement for collection of waste, treatment of waste and Sanitary landfill.

OPINION ON KEY ISSUES This section presents the formulation of concepts/principles for improvement of SWM in UP. The waste to energy concept in a global perspective has been described in the report along with a brief on global emerging technologies. The experience of WtE in India especially Delhi & UP has been presented highlighting the major contractual risks in WtE contracts. Applicability of WtE in UP has been presented along with risk mitigation measures for WtE projects in India. Emphasis has been given on source segregation, quality and calorific value of the waste.

The report also discusses the options for centralized and decentralized waste management facilitiesalong with their pros and cons. No clear-cut recommendation has been provided in the report for developing centralized or decentralized waste management facilities

SWM PLANNING MODEL PREPARED BY COWI CONSULTANTS

The planning model prepared by COWI has not been shared with the consultants. The report discusses about the basic layout of the model, its applicability, how the model runs, user profile and the limitations of the model.

SWM IMPROVEMENT PROJECTS IMPLEMENTED BY GOUP UNDER JNNURM JnNURM was launched in December 2005, the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) is Government of India's (GOI) flagship programme for urban development. The programme