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art director creative director editorial director illustrations
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TABLE
letter from the editor pages 5-6
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see now buy now pages 9-12
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know your ingredients pages 13-22
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CONTENTS
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ANN STOKER
transparency pages 23-28
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04 sustainability sustainability sustainability sustainability sustainability pages 29-42 sustainability
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upcycling pages 43-48
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circular economy pages 49-52
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tips pages 53-58
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LETTER E Us, consumers, are obsessed with fast fashion, obsessed with getting the latest trends in the lowest price possible even if it means buying cheap quality clothing. Fast Fashion seems to be a virus we all got infected with, you might probably admit that you have this virus, or you still don’t know it yet. Fast fashion affects more aspects that one can think: agriculture, animal and human rights, and the environmental impact it produces–its most negative and controversial aspect. The current model of fast fashion, “take-make-dispose”, not only contributes to global warming but also affects the workers who are producing our clothes. Our increasing demand for fast fashion retailers to keep up with the latest trends has resulted in outside manufacturing for the cheapest labor. Over time the situation has gotten worse, and workers are now living with lower wages, unsafe and unethical working environments. This side of the industry had not been exposed until recently, when in 2013, the Rana Plaza building (which included 5 garment factories) collapsed in Bangladesh. The accident resulted in 1,138 people dead and over 2, 500 people injured.1 This invisibility within the supply chain lead to consumers start demanding transparency. Still, the amount of overproduction created from these fast fashion retailers continues to feed our consumerist tendencies.
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EDITOR the
Each year in America, according to Greenpeace Organization,2 400 billion tons of textiles are generated, from which 85% (21 billion tons) end in landfills Additionally, the average American consumer tosses 82 pounds of textiles each year.3 All this overconsumption and waste is resulting in an environmental and social crisis. A conversation needs to start now, with consumers and fashion brands, in order to take a step towards a universal language and action plan we all understand. Education within consumers and big apparel industries should be our primary focus given that we all should play a crucial role in raising consciousness and awareness about this growing issue. This magazine will be a starting point for those interested to know more about these issues, the effects of fast fashion, and how overconsumption is rapidly changing our world. It will also offer you alternative solutions and tips that you can incorporate into your daily lives and share with others. Hopefully, this magazine will have you rethink fast fashion, and find ways you could contribute to this major issue. Start the conversation.
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know more fast fashion, a digi lennials and gen z consumers fects of fast fashion, overconsu
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ital magazine catered to miladdressing the issues and efumption, and sustainability.
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Not only once bur several times in our lives, we have all been guilty of buying a clothing item just because it was the style of the moment. As we continue buying the newest trends, the last items bought become either forgotten in the back of your closet or thrown away. Nowadays, garments are kept half as long than they did 20 years ago and 40% of the clothes in our closet are never worn, as shown by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe.1 This “throw-away” culture reduces the lifespan of our clothing items and produces a belief–a sensation almost–that when the newest trend is out, we NEED to buy it. To enforce this culture even further, some fast-fashion retailers include only a limited amount of a garment in order to increase the idea that if you don’t buy it now, you will never be able to get this chance of buying it again.
NOW
But it’s not all about buying the latest trends. Seasonal sales play an important role as well. After the trend fades away, items go into sale, producing an immediate effect upon the clothing as if all the items had a huge “DISPOSABLE” sign on them. In other words, items almost feel as if they were ready to be thrown away because there is a new trend in place. Some consumers have even become dependent on the sales rack just to feel the satisfaction of getting a good deal by buying a nice clothing item for a cheaper price, creating a cycle of overconsumption.2
BUY
Our emotions also play a big part in this cycle, as well as a social aspect. According to a Greenpeace survey,3 shopping has become to some a way to channel emotions, and for others to amuse themselves on free time, feeling happy and satisfied at the end of a purchase. However, this thrill of satisfaction dies pretty fast leading the consumers once again to the beginning of the cycle: go shopping. British forecaster, James Wallman,4 describes this vicious cycle as “Stuffocation” in where consumers are trapped in the cycle of accumulating products to not only keep up with the pace of consumerism, but with themselves as well.
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CLOTHES JOURNEY
closet store
As we continue to feed this “throw-away” culture, brands need to keep up with demand by mass producing in the fastest time possible, delivering 150 billion items out of factories annually.5 In other words, 80 billion pieces of clothing are produced worldwide each year.3 From this number, the average American consumer is throwing away 82 pounds of textile waste each year, dumping 92 million tons of waste into landfills.6 To have a clearer picture, it means that every second “one garbage truck full of textiles is wasted,” as demonstrated
It is more than clear that a no-waste and circular economy must be applied within the industry in order to find an alternative sustainable solution in where we could recover these unwanted textiles for a second chance.
trash landfill
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bage truck full of textiles is wasted,� as demonstrated by a study conducted by the Ellen McArthur Foundation.7 All this waste is more than all electronic waste and twice as much as supermarket food waste.6
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know your How many of us can say that we have an item of clothing that has lasted us for a couple of years and its quality is still as nice as the day we bought it? The possibility of this being true is barely seen anymore, especially not in fast fashion. Most of the clothing from fast fashion brands are produced with low and cheap quality materials, that after a couple of washes and years, it starts to degrade. These low-quality materials affect you more than you think; it’s more than just having a hole in your t-shirt or your favorite sweater threads coming out. It affects the environment you live in. Most of these materials are polluting the environment in more ways that you can think of. Some of these materials can be found in almost all of your clothing: cotton, polyester, and leather.
ingredients
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Not surprisingly, cotton is the most common natural fiber used globally, taking up to 40% in women’s clothing and 85% in men’s clothing.1 Cotton’s toll on the environment comes entirely from its production process. According to the World Wild Fund for Nature’s recent report, as shown in The True Cost,2 cotton is responsible for consuming 25% of all insecticide and 18% of all pesticide worldwide.
COTTON
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Since cotton nowadays is mostly genetically modified, it requires all these agricultural chemicals and more, making it the most chemically-dependent crop in the world.3 All this chemical usage results not only affecting the quality of the soil but also creating severe and longer term problems on the workers’ health. Furthermore, cotton production requires a vast amount of water resulting in risks of droughts. As if this wasn’t enough pollution, the process of bleaching and dying the fabric releases toxins into our ecosystems, harming human and animal life.3
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Fast fashion is obsessed with synthetic fiber due to its low-cost and endless use. The most used synthetic fiber is polyester, with a production of 63,000 million tons each year, according to Textile Exchange.4 Polyester is one of the most controversial materials since its negative impacts are bigger than any other material. To create polyester, more than 70 million barrels of oil are used cooling.
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POLYESTER All three factors of production are beyond damaging towards the environment, and, to top it all off, polyester takes around 200 years to biodegrade.5 Polyester also contributes immensely to plastic pollution. Each time you wash a polyester item, microfibers are released into the ocean, making the fashion industry the second most polluting industry in the world in regard to the contamination of the ocean specifically with plastic, as detailed in the Valuing Plastic Report.6 These microfibers are nearly impossible to clean up and do not biodegrade, affecting the ocean’s ecosystem.
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LEATHER The impact leather produces on the environment comes from not only its production and tannery, but also raising livestock. Leather-making is one the thirstiest industries, consuming up to 16k liters of water to produce just 1kg of leather.7 After production, most leather is “chrome-tanned,� in where the leather is coated with chromium chemicals.
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This process creates 2, 200 pounds of “solid waste”, which, according to Peta,8 are considered “hazardous by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).” All this waste and processing makes leather tanning among the most toxic materials within the supply chain.2 Leather tanning produces a severe impact on its workers as shown by studies that have found that by being exposed to toxic chemicals, the risk of developing cancer increases by 20% to 50%.2 The chemicals used also affect the environment by filtrating to
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Livestock is also greatly affected by the production of leather. Each aspect of the livestock (i.e., land, water, and the feed) produces an outstanding amount of pollution that EPA acknowledged as one of “the greatest threats to our waterways�, causing 70% of water pollution.9 The land where the animals are raised is also another major aspect that needs to be taken into consideration. Given that these animals need large-scale land, mass deforestation is common, affecting animal wildlife and driving climate change. The entire production cycle of leather causes a huge impact on the environment, animals, and workers.
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clean water underneath the soil near the tanneries, producing a variety of toxic substances that remain present over years.
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Fashion industry’s supply chain is one of the most complex and biggest production networks in existence.1 With the demand from consumers to always have the latest trends, fast fashion brands feel the need to look for countries who can produce in the fastest time possible, while still paying the lowest wages for their own profit. Because of this, the majority of our clothes today are produced in third world countries like Bangladesh or Indonesia.2 These large distances between brands and manufacturers often lead to a lack of communication and visibility of where and how their products are being made. This lack of visibility introduced a window for unsafe & unethical practices not only towards the workers, but also in terms of environmental impacts.3
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Most of these factories, in order to meet their deadlines, tend to compromise the workers’ basic labor rights. For example, workers are not getting paid until they have accomplished ridiculous numbers of tasks–if they even get paid at all.4 Some workers are not allowed to take bathroom, water, or any other type of break during working hours. Others are forced to work during maternity leave or are forced to work overtime in order to keep their jobs. The lack of communication doesn’t help with these situations, especially when manufacturers and companies don’t work directly, but through a middle man, leaving fashion brands completely out of the loop. When the Rana Plaza building collapsed in Bangladesh, it brought to light the lack of transparency there
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was within the fashion industry and its supply chain.5 Most importantly, the incident exposed the amount of unauthorized subcontracting manufacturers were doing given that half of the fashion brands asked about having Rana Plaza as a part of their supply chain denied it.5 Unauthorized contracting is more common than one might think. Nowadays, the pressure of timing and pricing from fashion brands to manufacturers is almost impractical, having manufacturers look for other ways of production to meet such deadlines. Usually, these subcontracts are done without government officials, safety auditors, or the brand’s permission. Unauthorized subcontracting produces risk within the supply chain in terms of quality material
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employer safety, and environmental production standards.6 The need for transparency is a crucial one, and one that involves the participation not only from the governments of countries where there are fast fashion factories, but also from apparel brands and its consumers. It is up to those governments to shut down factories when they have failed inspections of basic human rights, and it also is a responsibility for apparel brands to ensure that their workers within their factories are being respected. Finally, as consumers, we need to start demanding more transparency from companies in order to ensure brands treat their workers as humans.
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ainability sustainability sustainability sustai ability sustainability sustainability sustainabi ustainability sustainability sustainability su ainability sustainability sustainability sustai ability sustainability sustainability sustainabi ustainability sustainability sustainability sust ability sustainability sustainability sustainabi ustainability sustainability sustainability sust ability sustainability sustainability sustainab y sustainability sustainability sustainability s ainability sustainability sustainability sustain ustainability sustainability sustainability su ainability sustainability sustainability sustai ability sustainability sustainability sustainabi ustainability sustainability sustainability su ainability sustainability sustainability sustai ability sustainability sustainability sustainabi ustainability sustainability sustainability sust ability sustainability sustainability sustainabi ustainability sustainability sustainability sust
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inability sustainability sustainability sustain ility sustainability sustainability sustainability ustainability sustainability sustainability sus inability sustainability sustainability sustain ility sustainability sustainability sustainability tainability sustainability sustainability sustain ility sustainability sustainability sustainability far, this magazine has showcased the relevant istainability Sosustainability sustainability sustain sues that come with fast fashion. It is no surprise that some of the readers might feel dissatisfied with how the bility sustainability sustainability sustainabili fast fashion industry has been working and might even feel hopeless about a better future. However, it is possustainability sustainability sustainability sus sible for change to happen. There are brands today
that exemplify what can be done in order to achieve nability sustainability sustainability sustainability high standards of sustainability, while producing beau-
ustainability sustainability sustainability sus inability sustainability sustainability sustain ility sustainability sustainability sustainability ustainability sustainability sustainability sus inability sustainability sustainability sustain ility sustainability sustainability sustainability tainability sustainability sustainability sustain ility sustainability sustainability sustainability tainability sustainability sustainability sustain tiful, exciting, and high-quality garments. This section will be dedicated to showcase these brands in more detail, with the hopes that more people will support efforts to shift fashion into a more sustainable industry.
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PATA GONIA We’re in business to save our home planet.
Patagonia is well-known due to its outdoor and adventure-wear clothing, but most importantly it’s recognized for its high involvement with sustainability and the environment.1 Patagonia was founded in 1973, and since then it has been committed to taking action against our environmental crisis by using their brand to inspire and implement solutions.2
function repairability durability
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Patagonia believes in building the best product in terms of functionality, reparability, and durability by causing no unnecessary harm in order to have products that either last for generations or that could be recycled. Additionally, the brand is heavily against fast fashion by creating durable products and starting a program to repair products for their reuse. Moreover, in 2011, Patagonia even released a Black Friday ad asking customers to not buy their clothes in an effort to stop over consumerism.3 For over 20 years Patagonia has been using certified organic cotton as well as recycled fabrics.4 Besides their environmental work, they are also well known for their labor ethics. Each level of their supply chain, from factories to subcontractors, are evaluated in four areas: quality, traceability, environmental health and safety, and
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social responsibility.5 Patagonia makes sure to build a relationship with suitable suppliers that share the same values of reducing environmental impacts while still producing high-quality products. Social Responsibility is also a huge aspect in their business model, as Patagonia continues to work towards a higher and living wage on their negotiations each time they work with a factory.6 In order to make sure that its suppliers are following their code of conduct, Patagonia traces and audits all of their factories and makes their list of
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suppliers public for transparency. These efforts were recognized by the 2017 Ethical Fashion Report1 which placed Patagonia in the second highest rating for transparency, payment of living wage, and worker empowerment. It is more than clear that Patagonia’s effort for a better environment is central in their business model and seems to be a main drive for their success. Patagonia shows that it is possible to invest their efforts and time in both quality clothing and social and environmental rights.
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eople lanet rofit
Being naked is the #1 most sustainable option. We’re #2.
Reformation might be a brand not everyone is aware of–probably since it was only launched in 2009.7 Reformation is popular because of their cute summer dresses and rompers. They use eco-friendly materials and reuse offcuts (i.e., a piece of waste material that is left behind after cutting a large piece) created during the manufacturing process.7
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Reformation argues that people and the planet are their main values, and it is because of this that they want to bring sustainable fashion to all their consumers. To make this process easier, Reformation uses their self-made RefScale,7 a scale that breaks down the impact on the environment of each garment.
Reformation makes sure that the fibers they use go through standard and quality checks in order to make sure they are worthy of circulation and to ensure that the fibers are as sustainable as possible. Moreover, they test their products to check if there are no hazardous substances or chemicals in them in order to have safer products. Reformation recognizes that there is still room for improvement and that’s why they set goals for their fibers. Currently, they have a goal that at least 75% of all production be from natural fibers that not only are renewable but also have a potential for circularity and be natural or recycled.8
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Another initiative that Reformation has started is to discontinue the use of synthetics, no matter if they are recycled or not. Reformation’s supply chain is greatly streamlined given that most of the sourcing is done locally and the communication between suppliers and the brand is constant and clear. Additionally, Reformation minimizes the negative environmental impact of their brand and they screen their suppliers regularly in order to ensure proper labor conditions.
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Still, they require their suppliers to be involved with third-party quality assessments to further ensure fair and safe working conditions.9 Through their current models and their initiatives for better sustainability, Reformation is a good example of ethical fashion with transparent sustainable practices for other brands to follow.
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Veja produces these shoes by having a business model that is entirely opposite from what we are used to. Since their conception, Veja decided not to do any form of advertisement ever and use the money that usually goes towards this area for better uses: production of sneakers that respect the environment and researching for newer technologies.10
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VEJA A vision that proposes cultural change.
Even sneakers can be sustainable. French brand, Veja, was launched in 2004 with the goal to “create sneakers that will stand the test of time.� Veja produces sneakers with ecological and fair-trade conditions by working with small producers and local, social organizations directly.
action transparency upcycling
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Veja “deconstructed� the sneaker all the way from its raw material to its finished product, in order to change each production stage for a better and positive impact on the environment and society, eliminating the hazardous chemicals commonly used in the production processes.
They use eco-friendly and organic raw materials in order to reduce climate impact. For 14 years, Veja has used organic certified, agro-ecological cotton, without the use of any pesticide or fertilizer.11 Agro-ecological cotton refers to cotton that was grown in a soil that is taken care so it that is richer after harvest, lessening almost entirely the harm that the production cotton regularly produces on the environment. Veja even works with local NGOs to support their cotton producers.11
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They are also the first sneaker brand that uses recycled plastic bottles to produce an entire fabric (B-mesh) for its shoes. It takes up to 3 plastic bottles to make a pair of sneakers. Veja is known for having one of the greatest labor ratings.11 They make it an objective to trace all of their suppliers within its supply chain for independent audits or even visits by the brand, which are not done often anymore by other companies, to verify that their partners are working in a socially and environmentally balanced space. As for wages, they push living wage for almost all of its workers along the supply chain.10 Veja is pushing the normal boundaries set by sneaker and fashion brands by having a vision that not only is sustainable and transparent, but also totally achievable through cultural change.
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There is no denying that over the last couple of years the amount of waste that fashion has created is beyond imaginable, resulting in an environmental crisis. Although designers tend to use new materials in their designs, which constantly create more waste, they are now looking for new solutions Given that waste has become such a huge ecological problem, most designers are starting to become conscious of the effects that the industry is producing, leading them to stray away from creating new textiles and using materials that are already out there. This emerging “trend� is gradually growing as designers become motivated by resourcefulness and innovation. This has led to new, one of a kind aesthetics and endless directions for items. Two of the most common waste materials designers have started to incorporate into their pieces have been: plastic and paper, which appear to dominate the top five of materials wasted.1 These products have been seen in apparel and in-home products. By repurposing waste, designers are adopting a sustainable alternative for creating new resources
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cling upcycling upcycling upcycling upcycling cycling upcycling upcycling upcycling upcycl upcycling upcycling upcycling upcycling up cling upcycling upcycling upcycling upcycling cycling upcycling upcycling upcycling upcycl upcycling upcycling upcycling upcycling upc cling upcycling upcycling upcycling upcycling cycling upcycling upcycling upcycling upcycl reducing pollution, and appealing to the development of technologies. Additionally, these repurposed upcyclinggreener upcycling upcycling upcycling upc pieces are being designed to last longer than the standard time of fabric, which last no longer than two years. cling upcycling upcycling upcycling upcycling The fact that designers have been able to elevate the apcycling upcycling upcyclingupcycli pearance of plastic upcycling through bioplastic and the integration of other natural materials, as mentioned in WGSN, has designers the opportunity to start repurposing this upcyclinggiven upcycling upcycling upcycling upc material across all areas, even home décor. cling upcycling upcycling upcycling upcycling cycling upcycling upcycling upcycling upcycl upcycling upcycling upcycling upcycling up cling upcycling upcycling upcycling upcycling cycling upcycling upcycling upcycling upcycl upcycling upcycling upcycling upcycling upc lingupcycling upcycling upcycling upcycling cycling upcycling upcycling upcycling upcycl 2
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g upcycling upcycling upcycling upcycling up ling upcycling upcycling upcycling upcycling pcycling upcycling upcyclingupcycling upcyg upcycling upcycling upcycling upcycling up ling upcycling upcycling upcycling upcycling cycling upcycling upcycling upcycling upcyg upcycling upcycling upcycling upcycling up ling upcycling upcycling upcycling upcycling The same exploration that has been done with plastic has been made with paper. Designers now have started to cycling upcycling upcycling upcycling upcyexplore with upcycling paper since it is a sustainable alterthat seems to be malleable. Paper is also becoming g upcyclingnative upcycling upcycling upcycling up innovative as they develop prototype papers (paper-look textiles) that create new textures and aesthetics. ing upcycling upcycling upcycling upcycling This shift has already made a noticeable mark on the fashion industry and demonstrated that is capable of turning cycling upcycling upcycling upcycling upcywaste into something profitable. g upcycling upcycling upcycling upcycling up ling upcycling upcycling upcycling upcycling pcycling upcycling upcycling upcycling upcyg upcycling upcycling upcycling upcycling up ling upcycling upcycling upcycling upcycling cycling upcycling upcycling upcycling upcycupcycling upcycling upcycling upcycling upling upcycling upcycling upcycling upcycling
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People in our society are used to buying a piece of clothing for a one-time use only, as exemplified in the case of buying a dress for a special occasion. This “take-make-dispose” model, or linear system, is the root of not only our environmental problems but also economic value loss.1 According to the Ellen MacArthur Foundation,1 the fashion industry loses around 500 billion USD each year because clothes are not being reused or recycled
enough. Companies are starting to reassess this linear system by targeting the first step of the system, the production process, in order to reduce its negative, environmental effects. However, even though these efforts are commendable, fast fashion brands could shift completely from this linear system into a circular one, saving even more money and having a greater impact on the environment. A circular system would change the “take-make-dispose” model into a “made to be made again” one.
This transition from a linear to a circular system represents the possibility of building a long-term business model in where clothes are made from safe and renewable sources, increasing the clothes life-span and turning old clothes into new ones. This model includes principles such as: designing out waste and pollution, keeping its products and putting excess materials to use, and finally, regenerating natural systems.2
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This new business model would be beneficial for many given that it would create more economic opportunities and jobs, while providing environmental and social benefits to everyone. To begin moving to this system, the Ellen MacArthur Foundation3 has funded initiatives aiming to increase collaborations
between industry leaders, key stakeholders, and apparel brands to “Make Fashion Circular� with new materials. This increase in collaboration amongst people in the industry will drive innovation that is necessary to combat the negative impact of fast fashion around the world.
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With this circular economy, brands can keep their clothes, fabric, etc. to their highest value before and during use. Moreover, brands can have pieces re-enter the market after their use so that they never end up as waste. Shifting to a circular system will be challenging and might take time. However, this model shows the importance of collaboration and how cooperation can help redefine an industry.2
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TIPS TO FOLLOW
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to become sustainable
buy less. Always buy based on need. Even if you really love a piece of clothing, you do not need anything more than what you can wear. Set yourself a limit on things you need to buy and make sure to stick to that limit. A good way to start this process is by limiting your closet space. Creating a physical limit will help you decide what you truly need and what you can donate to people that need it.
donate clothes. Sometimes, we think we do not have enough clothes, but in reality, we have more than needed. I would recommend every month going through your closet and deciding whether you should keep an item of clothing or whether you should donate it. Never throw away any clothing. There is always someone that can benefit from it, and if you don’t know where to go, try finding options online!
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conscious consumption. It is important to know where we are buying our clothes. Although it is ideal to buy as less as possible, it is a lie to say that we should never buy clothes again. Because of this, we need to be conscious about our consumer habits. Try to search online for brands that are known to be environmental-friendly and that treat their employees ethically. Although this might seem like a tedious process, it is important to do this in order to start changing the way the fashion industry works, one piece of clothing at a time.
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buy something timeless that fits your style Stick to styles of clothing you tend to like more and consider whether you will be using the garment in a year, or five years, from when you but it or not. The less clothing you buy, the more you would want the clothes to buy to fit your style and last as long as possible. Remember always to go for quality than quantity! Investing in classic pieces, which are ethically created, will declutter your closet.
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shop second-hand There are so many great options when buying clothes. Second hand shops, like thrift stores, offer a great variety of clothes that have been previously used and are usually cheaper than regular retailers. By shopping second hand we are all contributing to a world where less waste is produced, and we are encouraging more second-hand shops to open. If you do not have access to a second-hand shop, consider talking to your friends to exchange clothing!
rent pieces you’ll use once Sometimes, we feel the need of buying one specific piece of clothing, like a dress, for a special event. However, what we don’t immediately realize is that we might only use that piece of clothing once. Instead, consider renting these types of clothing in order to consume less and be more environmentally friendly.
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THINK BEFOR Is the store where I am buying from using recyclable clothing?
Do I know if the company where I am buying from has ethical standards for how they produce their clothes?
Do I really need this?
Will I be using this a year from now?
Do I know what type of material this garment is made of?
Does it fit my budget?
Can I rent it if I am only going to use it once?
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RE YOU BUY
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letter from the editor 1. 2. 3.
Why Do We Need a Fashion Revolution? (n.d.). Retrieved February 5, 2019, from https://www.fashionrev olution.org/about/why-do-we-need-a-fashion-revolution/ Chung, S. (2016, April 26). Fast fashion is “drowning” the world. We need a Fashion Revolution! Retrieved February 17, 2019, from https://www.greenpeace.org/international/story/7539/fast-fashion-is-drowning- the-world-we-need-a-fashion-revolution/ Ross, M. (Producer), & Morgan, A. (Director). (2015). The True Cost [Motion Picture]. United States: Un told Creative.
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see now buy now 1. Kell, G. (2018, June 04). Can Fashion Be Sustainable? Retrieved February 20, 2019, from https://www. forbes.com/sites/georgkell/2018/06/04/can-fashion-be-sustainable/#7ecb39d8412b 2. Marc Bain, Q. (2015, March 25). From Forever 21 to Online Shopping, Why Fast Fashion Is So Addictive. Retrieved February 13, 2019, from https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2015/03/the-neu rological-pleasures-of-modern-shopping/388577/ 3. Chung, S. (2016, April 26). Fast fashion is “drowning” the world. We need a Fashion Revolution! Retrieved February 17, 2019, from https://www.greenpeace.org/international/story/7539/fast-fashion-is-drowning- the-world-we-need-a-fashion-revolution/ 4. Wallman, J. (2015). Stuffocation. Penguin Books. 5. Chung, S. (2016, April 26). Fast fashion is “drowning” the world. We need a Fashion Revolution! Retrieved February 17, 2019, from https://www.greenpeace.org/international/story/7539/fast-fashion-is-drowning- the-world-we-need-a-fashion-revolution/ 6. Campione, C. (2017, May 11). Copenhagen Fashion Summit: How NOT to make the fashion industry more sustainable. Retrieved February 21, 2019, from https://www.greenpeace.org/international/story/7575/ copenhagen-fashion-summit-how-not-to-make-the-fashion-industry-more-sustainable/ 7. One garbage truck of textiles wasted every second: Report creates vision for change. (2017, November 28). Retrieved February 15, 2019, from https://www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/news/one-garbage- truck-of-textiles-wasted-every-second-report-creates-vision-for-change
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1. Fast Fashion Is the Second Dirtiest Industry in the World, Next to Big Oil. (2019, January 31). Retrieved February 5, 2019, from https://www.ecowatch.com/fast-fashion-is-the-second-dirtiest-industry-in-the-world- next-to-big--1882083445.html 2. Ross, M. (Producer), & Morgan, A. (Director). (2015). The True Cost [Motion Picture]. United States: Un told Creative. 3. Challa, L. (n.d.). Impact Of Textiles And Clothing Industry On Environment: Approach Towards Eco-Friend ly Textiles. Retrieved February 21, 2019, from https://www.fibre2fashion.com/industry-article/1709/im pact-of-textiles-and-clothing-industry-on-environment?page=2 Scanned with CamScanner
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4. Morlet, A. (2017). A New Textiles Economy: Redesigning Fashion’s Future. Retrieved February 13, 2019, from https://www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/assets/downloads/publications/A-New-Textiles-Economy_ Full-Report_Updated_1-12-17.pdf 5. Uren, A. (2019, January 07). Material Guide: How Sustainable is Polyester? Retrieved February 13, 2019, from https://goodonyou.eco/material-guide-polyester-2/ 6. United Nations Environment Programme. (2014, January 01). Valuing plastic: The business case for mea suring, managing and disclosing plastic use in the consumer goods industry. Retrieved February 21, 2019, from http://wedocs.unep.org/handle/20.500.11822/9238 7. Rauturier, S. (2017, June 19). The Hidden Costs of Leather. Retrieved February 17, 2019, from https:// goodonyou.eco/the-hidden-costs-of-leather/ 8. Wool, Fur, and Leather: Hazardous to the Environment. (2018, June 07). Retrieved February 20, 2019, from https://www.peta.org/issues/animals-used-for-clothing/animals-used-clothing-factsheets/wool-fur-leath er-hazardous-environment/ 9. US Legal, Inc. (n.d.). Leather. Retrieved February 21, 2019, from https://environmentallaw.uslegal.com/ specific-issues/leather/ Scanned with CamScanner
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transparency
1. Pulse report spotlight: Supply chain traceability. (n.d.). Retrieved February 20, 2019, from https://www. globalfashionagenda.com/pulse-report-spotlight-supply-chain-traceability/# 2. Why Cleaning Up the Fashion Industry Is So Messy. (n.d.). Retrieved February 13, 2019, from https:// www.usnews.com/news/articles/2014/07/16/efforts-to-clean-up-fast-fashion-supply-chains-face-a-tough-road 3. How unauthorized subcontracting can affect your business. (n.d.). Retrieved February 21, 2019, from https://www.elevatelimited.com/insights/unauthorized-subcontracting/ 4. Magazine, B. (n.d.). The True Price of Fast Fashion. Retrieved February 21, 2019, from https://bust.com/ style/12307-the-true-price-of-fast-fashion.html 5. Why Do We Need a Fashion Revolution? (n.d.). Retrieved February 5, 2019, from https://www.fashionrev olution.org/about/why-do-we-need-a-fashion-revolution/ 6. World Report 2018: Rights Trends in “Soon There Won’t Be Much to Hide”. (2018, April 06). Retrieved February 13, 2019, from https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2018/essay/transparency-in-apparel-industry#
sustainability sustainability sustainability sustainability sustainability pages 29-42 1. How Ethical Is Patagonia? (2019, January 18). Retrieved February 5, 2019, from https://goodonyou.eco/ sustainability how-ethical-is-patagonia/
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2. Patagonia (Clothing). (n.d.). Retrieved February 5, 2019, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patagonia_ (clothing) 3. Don’t Buy This Jacket, Black Friday and the New York Times. (2017, June 21). Retrieved February 5, 2019, from https://www.patagonia.com/blog/2011/11/dont-buy-this-jacket-black-friday-and-the-new-york-times/ 4. 20 Years of Organic Cotton. (n.d.). Retrieved February 5, 2019, https://www.patagonia.com/20-years-of- organic-cotton.html
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sustainability sustainability sustainability sustainability sustainability 5. The Activist Company. (n.d.). Retrieved February 5, 2019, from https://www.patagonia.com/the-activ ist-company.html sustainability 6. Working With Factories. (n.d.). Retrieved January 5, 2019, from https://www.patagonia.com/work
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ing-with-factories.html 7. How Ethical Is Reformation? (2018, November 28). Retrieved February 5, 2019, from https://goodonyou. eco/how-ethical-is-reformation/ 8. Sustainable practices. (n.d.). Retrieved February 5, 2019, from https://www.thereformation.com/pages/ sustainable-practices 9. Reformation | Sustainable Women’s Clothing and Accessories - Reformation. (n.d.). Retrieved February 5, 2019, from https://www.thereformation.com/ 10. 9 Eco & Ethical Sneaker Brands You’ll Love. (2019, February 11). Retrieved February 5, 2019, from https://goodonyou.eco/9-ethical-sneaker-brands/ 11. Organic Cotton | VEJA. (n.d.). Retrieved February 5, 2019, from https://project.veja-store.com/en/single/ coton/
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upcycling
1. Malone, R. (2012, July 13). World’s Worst Waste. Retrieved February 20, 2019, from https://www.forbes. com/2006/05/23/waste-worlds-worst-cx_rm_0524waste.html#4343ff433d79 2. Textiles: Material-Specific Data. (2018, July 17). Retrieved February 13, 2019, from https://www.epa.gov/ facts-and-figures-about-materials-waste-and-recycling/textiles-material-specific-data#TextilesTableandGraph 3. WGSN Insider. (2018, April 12). The Sustainability Series: Purpose past, present, future. Retrieved Febru ary 21, 2019, from https://www.wgsn.com/blogs/the-sustainability-series-purpose-past-present-future/
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circular economy 1. Make Fashion Circular Report. (n.d.). Retrieved February, 2019, from https://www.ellenmacarthurfounda tion.org/our-work/activities/make-fashion-circular/report 2. What is a Circular Economy? (n.d.). Retrieved February, 2019, from https://www.ellenmacarthurfounda tion.org/circular-economy/concept 3. Circular Fibres Initiative. (n.d.). Retrieved February, 2019, from https://www.ellenmacarthurfoundation. org/our-work/activities/make-fashion-circular
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THANK YOU Camilo Posada Rodriguez, Alejandro Fasquelle, Andrea Penalba