complex buildings dwelling Mixers
INDEPENDENT MAGAZINE OF ARCHITECTURE+TECHNOLOGY ISSUE 49 FREE OF ADVERTISING
EDITORS Aurora Fernández Per Javier Mozas GRAPHIC CONCEPT Aurora Fernández Per LAYOUT AND PRODUCTION Delia Argote MANAGING Idoia Esteban COMMUNICATION AND PRESS Patricia García EDITOR, ENGLISH-LANGUAGE VERSION Ken Mortimer EDITOR, SPANISH-LANGUAGE VERSION Aurora Fernández Per Javier Mozas SUBMISSIONS, SUBSCRIPTIONS & ORDERS a+t architecture publishers Tel. +34 945 134276 submission@aplust.net orders@aplust.net www.aplust.net PUBLISHER a+t architecture publishers ISSN 1132-6409 ISBN 978-84-697-7251-5 Frequency: Biannual PRINTING Gráficas Irudi s.l. VI 683/1994 2017 DISTRIBUTION (Europe, USA, Canada, Australia, Asia) Idea Books Nieue Herengracht 11. 1011RK Amsterdam. The Netherlands Tel. +31 20 6226154 Fax +31 20 6209299 idea@ideabooks.nl www.ideabooks.nl (Spain, Portugal and Latin America) a+t architecture publishers Tel.+34 945 134276 orders@aplust.net www.aplust.net COPYRIGHTS Copyright of the edition: a+t architecture publishers. Copyright of the projects, articles and photographs: their authors. No part of this publication, including the cover, may be reproduced or transmitted without the express authorization in writing of the publisher. COVER LIN Architects Urbanists 144 apartments and 1 kindergarten. Paris, France.
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DWELLING MIXERS: THREE GENERATIONS
COMPLEX BUILDINGS Contents Mixers, Living Complexity. Aurora Fernández Per.........................................................................................................................................................4 FIRST GENERATION: Diversity of Types Family Constellations. LIN Architects Urbanists 144 Apartments and 1 Kindergarten. Paris (France), 2015.........................................................................................................................................8 Empathy with the Context. COBE and Vilhelm Lauritzen Architects Krøyers Plads. Copenhagen (Denmark), 2016..............................................................................................................................................................18 All Ages Living Together. Innocad C34. Graz (Austria), 2014..................................................................................................................................................................................................26 Urban Amplifier. Olivier Namias Less. Vincent Parreira Atelier Architecture. Paris (France), 2016............................................................................................................................34 Dwell and Destination. COBE The Silo. Copenhagen (Denmark), 2017.........................................................................................................................................................................42 SECOND GENERATION: The Best of Both Worlds Common Aspirations. Mikhail Riches with Cathy Hawley Brentford Lock West. London (United Kingdom), 2015...............................................................................................................................................50 Arranging Typologies. Hessamfar & Vérons 93 Multi-family Housing Units. Ginko, Bordeaux (France), 2015...............................................................................................................................58 THIRD GENERATION: Reducing Individual Space Spatial Quality beyond the Size. Edelaar Mosayebi Inderbitzin Architekten Min Max Mixed-Use Residential and Commercial Building. Opfikon (Switzerland), 2016 ...................................................................................66 Possibilities for Community Life. DRDH architects, DVVT architecten Orleanshof Complex. Aarschot (Belgium), 2016...........................................................................................................................................................76 The Integration of Emergency. Studio Muoto 34 Dwellings, Nursery and Emergency Shelter. Paris (France), 2017.....................................................................................................................84 Empowerment and Social Cohesion. Farshid Moussavi Architecture La Défense-Nanterre Residential Complex. Paris (France), 2017............................................................................................................................92 A New Urbanity. Peripheriques Architectes Social Residence and Restaurant. Paris (France), 2017.......................................................................................................................................... 102 Coliving. Bogevischs Buero Architekten & Stadtplaner/ Schindler Hable Architekten Cooperative Housing Complex WagnisART. Munich (Germany), 2015 .................................................................................................................. 110
Credits............................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 116
3
FIRST GENERATION DIVERSITY OF TYPES
1. Fire walls
2. Reconstruction of courtyards
3. Footprint
4. Extrusion
5. Application of Fibonacci sequence
Family Constellations
LIN Architects Urbanists
Located on the riverbanks of the Seine in the 4th arrondissement, the mixed apartment building contains 70 social housing units, 74 privately owned apartments and 1 kindergarten. The building blends in the urban context of the Quai Henri IV, by reasserting the courtyard structure and bringing consistency to the existing block. The design of the volume creates three courtyards with gentle vegetation and allows views over the Seine. The apartments are organized around vertical stairways, which also operate as light shafts and allow light to enter deep into the building. The building contains a wide variety of housing types (90 types), resulting from both the volume and a study on new types of living and family constellations. The volume is enfolded in a facade, which alternates transparent and opaque elements, laying out broad balconies and emphasizing the external openness of the flats and the remarkable panorama offered by the construction. The facade itself is punctuated by an alternation of bay windows and metallic panels made of anodized aluminium, whose colours shift from metallic-grey to champagne. All elements of 8
6. Openings and passages
Situado en las riberas del Sena, en el distrito IV, el edificio contiene 70 viviendas sociales, 74 viviendas de mercado libre y un jardín de infancia. El edificio se integra en el contexto urbano del Quai Henri IV, reafirmando la estructura del patio y dando consistencia al bloque actual. El diseño del volumen crea tres patios con vegetación moderada y permite vistas sobre el Sena. Las viviendas están organizadas alrededor de dos cajas de escaleras, que también funcionan como patios de luz y permiten que la luz entre al interior del edificio. El edificio contiene una amplia variedad de tipos de vivienda (90 tipos), que resultan, tanto de la volumetría como de un estudio sobre nuevos tipos domésticos. El volumen está envuelto en una fachada que alterna elementos transparentes y opacos, con amplios balcones que potencian la exterioridad de los pisos y el extraordinario panorama que ofrece. La fachada en sí está marcada por una alternancia de ventanales y paneles metálicos de aluminio anodizado, que cambian de gris metálico a color champán. Todos los elementos de la fachada (el frente y la parte inferior de los balcones, pasamanos...)
DWELLING MIXERS. COMPLEX BUILDINGS SERIES
MARIA VITTORIA TROVATO
the facade (nose and undersides of balconies, handrails...) present the same colorimetric shades and offer a radiant harmony, evolving with the ambiance and the change of natural light during the day. The project is integrated in a complex context of residential builduings dating from the 70s and 90s and a series of Haussmann buildings organized around fragmented inner courtyards. Based on already existing gables, which were exposed by the demolition of the former SNPE building (Société Nationale des Poudres et Explosifs), the project reconstitutes wider courtyards. The new ensemble gives the block a new flair of urbanity. The facade, composed of an alternation between bay windows and opaque panels, along with facade-long balconies, wraps the complete building with its curves and different levels, enabling a continuity between indoor and outdoor spaces. The large windows ensure the transparency of the facade, which can be regulated with mobile, vertical elements. The facade therefore constitutes an ever evolving filter, rich in reflections during the changing daylight.
presentan los mismos tonos cromáticos y ofrecen una armonía luminosa, que evoluciona con el ambiente y con el cambio de luz durante el día. El proyecto se integra en un complejo contexto de edificaciones residenciales que datan de los años 70 y 90 y una serie de edificios haussmannianos organizados alrededor de patios interiores fragmentados. A partir de los pórticos ya existentes, que quedaron expuestos por la demolición del antiguo edificio de la SNPE (Société Nationale des Poudres et Explosifs), el proyecto reconstituye patios más amplios. El nuevo conjunto da a la manzana un nuevo estilo de urbanidad. La fachada, compuesta por una alternancia de ventanales y paneles opacos, junto con balcones corridos, envuelve el edificio completo con sus curvas y niveles diferentes, marcando una continuidad entre espacios interiores y exteriores. Las grandes ventanas aseguran la transparencia de la fachada, que se puede regular con elementos móviles verticales. Por lo tanto, la fachada constituye un filtro en constante evolución, rico en reflejos durante la cambiante luz del día.
DWELLING MIXERS. COMPLEX BUILDINGS SERIES
144 APARTMENTS AND 1 KINDERGARTEN LIN Architects Urbanists Paris (France) 2015 PROGRAMME 70 social housing units 74 private apartments 1 kindergarten 172 parking spaces 250 m² gardens
Site plan 1:5000
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SECOND GENERATION THE BEST OF BOTH WORLDS
Common Aspirations
MIKHAIL RICHES WITH CATHY HAWLEY
The Brentford Lock West site encompasses a former industrial area that lies adjacent to the Grand Union Canal. The 1st phase of the OPA was won in a 3-stage collaborative competition process between Mikhail Riches with Cathy Hawley, Karakusevic Carson Architects and Duggan Morris. Our joint approach focused on the shared aspects of the scheme, materials and the spaces between buildings. We developed a hierarchy of routes, interpreting the existing master plan, with hard edged linear side streets, similar to terraces leading to the water, whereas the neighbourhood street parallel to the towpath is characterised by larger residential blocks placed more informally with landscaped gardens between, giving views to the canal and letting sunlight penetrate the external spaces. The project development was genuinely collaborative, a result of teamwork and negotiation, with no one architect taking the lead. The schemes share a material aspiration, bricks, balconies, railings and windows are all from a palette, however they are also clearly of individual authorship. This characteristic of harmony and character was felt to be important in developing a successful new urban environment, and can be seen in much of the historical 50
El lugar de Brentford Lock West abarca una antigua zona industrial que se encuentra junto al Grand Union Canal. La primera fase de la OPA fue ganada mediante concurso en tres etapas por Mikhail Riches con Cathy Hawley, Karakusevic Carson Architects y Duggan Morris. Nuestro enfoque conjunto se centró en los aspectos compartidos del programa, los materiales y los espacios entre edificios. Desarrollamos una jerarquía de rutas, interpretando el master plan existente, con calles laterales lineales muy definidas, similares a las terrazas que conducen al agua, mientras que la calle del barrio paralela al camino de sirga se caracteriza por bloques residenciales más grandes, colocados de manera informal con jardines entre ellos, con vistas al canal y dejando que la luz del sol penetre en los espacios exteriores. El desarrollo del proyecto fue verdaderamente colaborativo, resultado de un trabajo en equipo y de negociación, sin que ningún arquitecto tomara la iniciativa. El proyecto comparte una aspiración material, en la que: ladrillos, balcones, barandillas y ventanas son todos de una misma paleta, aunque también con autoría individual. Esta característica de armonía y carácter se consideró importante para crear un ambiente urbano efectivo, que se puede ver en gran parte del desarrollo histórico de Londres,
DWELLING MIXERS. COMPLEX BUILDINGS SERIES
MARK HADDEN PHOTOGRAPHY
development of London, including the Butts conservation area in Brentford. The Arbor (Plot J) by Mikhail Riches with Cathy Hawley is a linear plot that forms an edge to one of the side streets leading to the canal towpath and backs onto industrial land. The absence of projecting balconies and the directional quality of the ‘side street’ required a simple and elegant architecture to create a domestic and traffic calmed homezone street. In order to achieve the high densities required, circulation is kept to a minimum with all units accessed directly from the street or from two naturally lit, stair cores with no communal corridors. The street is lined with front doors and kitchen windows, giving a lively and overlooked streetscape, bedrooms and living rooms face onto back gardens, maintaining privacy. An existing art decó building on Commerce Road is retained for commercial uses. The lack of horizontal circulation makes for an extremely efficient layout yet all units are dual aspect bar two south facing 1-bedroom flats. The majority of private amenity spaces, balconies and gardens face south, All balconies are semi-recessed and feel sheltered and private. Generously
incluyendo el área de conservación Butts en Brentford. El Arbor (Parcela J) de Mikhail Riches con Cathy Hawley es una parcela lineal que se enfrenta a una de las calles laterales que conducen al camino de sirga del canal y da la espalda a la zona industrial. La ausencia de balcones proyectados y la calidad direccional de la “calle lateral” requería una arquitectura sencilla y elegante para crear una vía hogareña y con tráfico suave. Con el fin de alcanzar las altas densidades requeridas, las circulaciones se han reducido al mínimo, con todas las unidades accesibles directamente desde la calle o desde dos núcleos de escaleras naturalmente iluminados, sin corredores comunes. La calle está llena de puertas y ventanas de cocina, creando un paisaje animado y controlado. Los dormitorios y salas de estar dan a los jardines de atrás, manteniendo la privacidad. Se conserva para usos comerciales un edificio art déco existente en Commerce Road. La falta de circulación horizontal consigue una planta extremadamente eficiente, ya que todas las unidades son de doble orientación, o de orientación sur en las de un dormitorio. La mayoría de los espacios privados, como balcones y jardines dan al sur. Todos los balcones son semi-empotrados para sentir
DWELLING MIXERS. COMPLEX BUILDINGS SERIES
BRENTFORD LOCK WEST Mikhail Riches with Cathy Hawley London (United Kingdom) 2014-2015 PROGRAMME 26 private market dwellings 1 retail space
Site plan 1:2500
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THIRD GENERATION REDUCING INDIVIDUAL SPACE
Spatial Quality beyond the Size North of Zurich, between the city and the airport, the new district of Glattpark has been taking shape since 2001 in the municipality of Opfikon. By 2020, homes and jobs for about 7000 inhabitants will be created there. In addition to the central Boulevard Lilienthal, the urban design concept also features an extensive park with a lake. While the plans for the district envisage mainly the 3.5- to 4.5-room apartments that are prevalent in today’s housing market, the MIN MAX project offers small apartments for a heterogeneous group of residents, thus filling a gap in the offerings previously available in Glattpark.
EDELAAR MOSAYEBI INDERBITZIN ARCHITEKTEN
Al norte de Zurich, entre la ciudad y el aeropuerto, está desarrollándose, desde 2001, el nuevo distrito de Glattpark, dentro del municipio de Opfikon. En el 2020, habrá viviendas y empleos para unos 7000 habitantes. Además del bulevar central Lilienthal, el concepto de diseño urbano incluye un amplio parque con lago. Mientras que los planes para el distrito contemplan principalmente las viviendas de 3,5 a 4,5 habitaciones que prevalecen en el mercado inmobiliario actual, el proyecto MIN MAX ofrece pequeños apartamentos para un grupo heterogéneo de residentes, cubriendo así un vacío en las ofertas anteriormente disponibles en Glattpark.
The mixed-use MIN MAX building, completed in the fall of 2016 on a 3,644 m² lot at the corner of Boulevard Lilienthal and LindberghAllee, occupies one of the last unbuilt sites at the northern end of the district. Typologically it should be understood as a city block that reaches the full height permitted, thus continuing the building height along Boulevard Lilienthal. In plan, the building fills virtually the entire buildable area and thus has a space-defining impact on the adjacent streets and green spaces. The primary focus is on forming the massing and facades along Boulevard Lilienthal, and secondary importance goes to the green space of Lindbergh-Allee. Toward the adjacent plot to the east, moreover, the building is stepped 66
El edificio de uso mixto MIN MAX, terminado en otoño de 2016, en una parcela de 3.644 m² en la esquina del bulevar Lilienthal y LindberghAllee, ocupa uno de los últimos espacios libres en el extremo norte del distrito. Tipológicamente debe ser entendido como una manzana que alcanza la altura permitida, continuando la altura del edificio a lo largo del bulevar Lilienthal. En planta, el edificio ocupa prácticamente toda la superficie edificable y por lo tanto tiene una superficie que define el espacio en las calles adyacentes y espacios verdes. El punto clave está en la creación de la forma y la composición de las fachadas a lo largo del bulevar Lilienthal y el espacio verde de Lindbergh-Allee, de importancia secundaria. El edificio se retranquea en los dos
DWELLING MIXERS. COMPLEX BUILDINGS SERIES
ROLAND BERNATH
back again on the two upper floors in depth and height.
pisos superiores, en profundidad y altura al
In addition to offering commercial spaces on the ground floor, the task for the building development was predominantly to provide small apartments along with a few cluster apartments. Since hardly any contemporary references exist for such programs, the architects approached the task by proposing assertions. In addition to the important aspect of the degrees between community and anonymity, they were particularly interested in the question of how, in a 40 m² apartment, a spatial quality can emerge that transcends the mere reduction in size of a conventional apartment.
Además de ofrecer espacios comerciales en
In this regard, it is of special interest to explain the sectional approach, since here the urban design and the massing –that is, the site development and the housing form– mutually affect one another. Two-storey dwelling units on the two uppermost floors constitute the starting point for this sectional scheme. Each unit has a living area with a ceiling height of 5.00 metres –and this large open space affords a clear height of 2.40 metres for the remaining areas. Defining the heights this way makes it possible to have small “loft apartments” with simple, rectangular floor plans and clear ceiling heights of 3.00 metres
A este respecto, es de especial interés explicar
encontrarse con la parcela adyacente al este.
planta baja, el objetivo de la promoción era proporcionar pequeños apartamentos junto con algunas viviendas compartidas. Dado que prácticamente no existen referencias contemporáneas para tales programas, los arquitectos abordaron la tarea haciendo propuestas. Junto con el importante asunto
MIN MAX MIXED-USE RESIDENTIAL AND COMMERCIAL BUILDING Edelaar Mosayebi Inderbitzin Architekten Glattpark, Opfikon (Switzerland) 2013–2016 PROGRAMME 101 apartments with 1 1/2–3 1/2 rooms 3 cluster apartments with 5 1/2 rooms Commercial area
de la gradación entre comunidad y anonimato, se interesaron particularmente por cómo, en un apartamento de 40 m², puede emerger una calidad espacial que trascienda la mera reducción de tamaño de un apartamento convencional.
el enfoque transversal, ya que aquí el diseño urbano y la forma –es decir, la parcela y la forma del edificio– se afectan mutuamente. Unidades de vivienda de dos alturas en las dos plantas superiores constituyen el punto de partida para este esquema en sección. Cada unidad tiene una sala de estar con una altura de techo de 5,00 metros y este gran espacio abierto permite una altura libre de 2,40 metros para las áreas restantes. Definir las alturas de esta manera hace posible tener pequeños “apartamentos tipo loft” con plantas simples y rectangulares y alturas de techo de 3,00 metros en los tres pisos tipo y 4,50
DWELLING MIXERS. COMPLEX BUILDINGS SERIES
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complex buildings
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