7004/3 URBAN DESIGN REPORT
Amirah Tengku Johari
Chan Shao Qian
Jaabir Hussein
CONTENTS URBAN ANALYSIS
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PRECEDENT STUDY
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CONCEPT
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DEVELOPMENT
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THE MASTER PLAN
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DESIGN APPROACH TO EDUCATIONAL CENTRE
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APPENDIX POLICY CONTEXT
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SUSTAINABILITY
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COST PLAN
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DESIGN STRATEGY
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URBAN ANALYSIS - PRECEDENT STUDY - CONCEPT - DEVELOPMENT
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䈀䤀刀䬀䔀一䠀䔀䄀䐀 簀 㤀 6
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THE MASTER PLAN - DESIGN APPROACH TO EDUCATIONAL CENTRE
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DESIGN APPROACH TO EDUCATIONAL CENTRE
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ELEVATION DESIGN
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APPENDIX
POLICY CONTEXT The Birkenhead EDU-VILLAGE master planning is set to strengthen the origin and foundation of Birkenhead; the shipbuilding, seaport and its related industries by introducing an education village that incorporates international level of education which focuses on marine engineering and delivering sustainable development. The heart of the master plan is to revitalize the underdeveloped high potential riverside area, transforming it into an education centre, complete with supporting facilities such as the residential, commercial and leisure area.
Providing international level of education The master planning is set to provide international level of education in marine engineering, by creating a university, higher education and apprenticeship centre. By establishing direct connection with Cammell Laird Company, students and researchers have access to real life case studies while marine engineers have access to cutting edge technology. The education centre is equipped with a dry dock, unearthed from the Birkenhead's historical dry dock to provide students with state of the art facilities.
Building strong economy The mixed development consists of student’s residential area, commercial area and riverside restaurants. These three elements are located in close proximity to each other with the intention to create pedestrian traffic and an energetic business district. The up-and-coming business opportunity offers the locals of Birkenhead a chance to run their own businesses. This will produce more jobs and will aid in reducing the crime and unemployment rate in Birkenhead. The target group, (students) will bring growth to the local economy by investing in various sectors and boost the buying and selling activity of the area. This economic growth scheme is only made possible with the existence of the educational centre.
Ensuring social vitality The village is designed with shared community spaces such as plazas, promenades and courtyards to promote social growth. The common spaces ensure the liveliness of the area. The open and green spaces are created to encourage people to spend their time outside. When designing the public realm, 'natural surveillance' was a design strategy we considered to help deter the prevalent crime problem in Birkenhead. One of such approach to achieving 'natural surveillance was to ensure that properties and shops face the street, we also made sure that sightlines were clear of overgrown trees, high walls, and fences, by doing this, we alleviated areas where crime could be committed unseen.
Promoting sustainable transport The whole master planning development is oriented around people and consists of a car free zone. This was achieved by locating the parking space at the northern and southern part of the master planning area. All the necessities and facilities are located within 500m radius which is accessible by foot. The public realm is designed to create a pleasant environment for walking and cycling by extending and improving the already existing 'Wirral circular trail', introducing green areas, proper lighting and shading, and comfortable pavements. 22
Promoting healthy communities The sport centre introduced in the master plan consists of outdoor and indoor facilities to encourage the physical health of the students and the community of Birkenhead. The 500m long riverside promenade is designed for recreational activities such as walking, jogging, running and cycling.
Promoting the marine engineering culture of Birkenhead We plan to expand the already existing U-boat Story museum in to a marine engineering museum, what was once the Land Registry Office is to be converted and used as part of the museum. This establishment will not only showcase the rich history of Birkenhead's shipping ingenuity, but will also look to display any exceptional works of students and researchers in the marine engineering sector. The museum will transform Birkenhead into a niche tourist attraction of marine engineering.
References 1. 2. 3.
National planning policy framework 2012. (2012). London: Stationery Office. http://thoughts.arup.com/post/details/377/how-can-good-urban-design-reduce-crime (15/11/2015, 16:31) https://www.planning.org/cityparks/briefingpapers/saferneighborhoods.htm (15/11/2015, 16:31)
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SUSTAINABILITY General Planning The whole site of this master plan is car free zone where only pedestrians and cyclists are allowed into the area, thus encouraging the use of environment friendly ways of transportation. This results in the reduction of CO2 emission and fossil fuel consumption which leads to global warming. Green spaces with trees to provide shading and to improve the air quality of the surrounding. It also acts as buffer zone for the noises from the promenade. We arranged the proposed buildings according to the site context, this allowed us to reduce the cut and fill method for the land treatment while also preserving the original green areas.
Sustainable Material for Construction We intend to use alternative recycled and secondary materials to reduce the impact of materials used in construction, as well as considering the lifecycle impacts of materials. • Products made from the waste materials generated during construction and demolitions are recycled materials. • By-products of other industrial processes not formerly used in construction are secondary materials. • The right amount of materials must be specified to ensure we do not over order materials. • Using building materials that are locally available to reduce the transportation cost. • Reduce transportation to and from the site means less emission of carbon dioxide.
Water Conservation Greywater recycling systems and rainwater harvesting system will be applied to the proposed buildings in the master plan. The recycled water is not drinkable and can only be used for flushing toilets, washing machine and for watering the garden. If recycled properly, greywater can reduce water usage by about 50% and half the water bills as well as reducing water footprint. Rainwater harvesting system will also be incorporated and will be used for non potable services such as toilet flushing which will help decrease dependent on mains water. Permeable pavement will be applied to all public spaces, parking spaces and walkways to allow the movement of storm water through the surface. This will effectively filters pollutants from the water and reducing water runoff.
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Renewable Energy Renewable energy such as solar energy will be proposed as the main source of energy to provide electricity and heating for the proposed commercial, residential and educational buildings. Photovoltaic panel will be installed on top of the roof and will adjust according to the sun path orientation in order to get the optimum energy from the sunlight. Passive building design will be applied to the buildings such as natural ventilation to help remove stale air indoors by supplying fresh air from the outside without using mechanical systems. Our aim is to reduce the usage of artificial lighting and increase the amount of natural light that enters the building without heat gains by having opening at the northern sides of the building and taking advantage of the north light. To reduce heat usage during the winter, we've implemented openings at the south side of the buildings to ensure we get direct sunlight during the winter to naturally heat up the spaces. An overhang will be installed to counter the heat gains during the summer.
References http://www.thegreenage.co.uk/ http://www.lakesuperiorstreams.org/ http://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/ https://www.wirral.gov.uk
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VALUE OF THE PROPOSAL Income Education Residential Area Commercial Area Total income Yield @ say 7% Capital value Costs of the proposal Construction costs Education Residential Area Commercial Area Preliminaries
15872m2 less 10%= 14285m2 @£200m2 04388m2 less 10%= 03950m2 @£130m2 11676m2 less 10%= 10509m2 @£150m2
15872m2 gross @£850m2 04388m2 gross @£700m2 11676m2 gross @£750m2 (Site clearance/ Groundwork)
Ancillary costs
Infrastructure, services, etc., say
Professional fees
Architect, quantity surveyor et al. @say 12.5%
Contingencies
@say 3% of total costs
Short-term finance@ say 10% p.a.
On total building costs, ancillaries, fees and contingencies for say half the building period On total costs incurred on completion to full letting (letting d elay of 6 months)
Letting and sales fees
Total development costs Return for risk and profit Total expected costs on completion SITE VALUE (in 2.5 years’ time)
Letting fees @say 15% of income Advertising and marketing, say Sale to investor fee @say 2% of sale price @say 15% of capital value Present value of £1 in 2.5 years@10% Less acquisition costs @2.5%
SITE VALUE TODAY
£2,857,000 £513,500 £1,576,350 £4,946,850 £14.2857 £70,669,215
£13,491,200 £3,071,600 £8,757,000 £3,038,376 £28,358,176 £2,500,000 £30,858,176 £3,857,272 £34,715,448 £1,041,463 £35,756,911 £3,575,691 £39,332,602 £3,933,260 £43,265,862 £742,027 £300,000 £1,413,384 £45,721,273 £10,600,382 £56,321,655
£56,321,655 £39,425,158 £0.7888 £31,098,564 £777,464 £30,321,100 26
DESIGN STRATEGY Introduction Birkenhead is a town which is well known for its shipping industry since the late 1820s, thanks to the important role played by the Laird family in its early development. Scottish entrepreneur William Laird founded what is now known as Cammell Laird shipyard in the late 1820s. The company is now known across the globe, and has the accolade of building the first steel ship (the Ma Robert) for Dr. Livingstone's in his Zambezi expedition. The company has built more than 1350 ships including many famous and innovative vessels. Prosperity for the area was the overall idea and drive we had in our minds after concluding our site survey. What we observed at our site visit was that there were only a few people and cars on the streets of Hamilton Square, but the Pyramid shopping mall was so lively and full of vigor. The contrast was so huge between the two areas that it felt as though we had visited two different towns, this was even worse once we visited the river side because that area felt as though it was completely abandoned, despite the fact it had a nice view of Liverpool, a promenade for cyclist and pedestrians, and benches to sit. At once, we felt that this part of the site had enormous potential but was very much underutilized. We then decided to make this area our focal point in our master plan for revitalizing the site and Birkenhead as a whole. Almost half of the population in Liverpool is young people below the age of 29 years of age; this is due to the higher educational institutes that are located in the city of Liverpool. This survey shows that good higher educational establishments can act as avenues in boosting the population and economical growth of a city. Based on that, we identified and made use of the already established 'Maritime Engineering College North West' and decided to use it as our main theme for the master. What we plan to do is to have a car free education village that we've named as "EDU-VILLAGE". This development is to comprise of and educational campus under the banner "LEARN", student accommodations and commercials under the banner "LIVE", and place for recreation under the banner "LEISURE".
Learn The initial idea to have an educational establishment came after the news that Cammell Laird had won a ÂŁ200m international competition to build an advanced scientific research ships that is to house laboratories and deploy remote submarines to go on an expedition to the Antarctica. The project is expected to secure 400 jobs and a further 100 positions in the supply chain. This news meant that Cammell Laird were still top when it comes to ship building and were still recognized as giants in the shipping industry. Our idea evolved and we decided to have an education centre which focuses on marine engineering and for that institute to have a Strong link with Cammell Laird. The idea is to create a university campus which will be an expansion of the existing college building; this will then become the first international world renowned maritime engineering university that provides higher education in Birkenhead. Historical maps from 1910 shows that there was a dry dock where we plan to develop the university; seeing the potential, we decided to uncover the dry dock and have it being used as one of the study facility for the maritime university. The dry dock can be used by the students to study real ships and even build new state of the arts vessels. Because of the strong link we look to build between Cammell Laird and the university; the students and researchers of the university will have access to real life case studies and access to cutting edge technology, whilst Cammell Laird will have access to future professional employees.
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Live The second part of the master plan (which is the mixed use development) consists of a commercial area and student accommodations. There will be medium rise mixed used apartments which will comprise of shops on the ground floor and three floors of accommodation units. The mixed used development also contains shared community space with a different ambience to the outside spaces in the sense that these spaces are more enclosed, access to this space is gained through one of the site axis which follows and cuts' right through the buildings. As part of the mixed used development, we have placed two rows of restaurants facing the promenade and have made it so that there is a nice view of the river side promenade and Liverpool's skyline from the second floor outdoor dining terrace. The Promenade has some areas of greenery with trees to provide shade, this green space then creates two lanes either sides of it to provide hardscape for both pedestrians and cyclist. There are four steps that are large enough to accommodate seating that leads to the viewing deck to allow full unobstructed view of the Liverpool's skyline. As people move in, the demand for living spaces will increased, and so investors or developers will take the opportunity to invest or develop the area. Boost in population will increase the liveliness of places and economy will rise due to the business at the commercial area, thus creating more job opportunity for people of Birkenhead.
Leisure The third part of the master plan houses the leisure center and the Maritime museum. The leisure center is where the students and the locals are offered a wide range of recreational activities which includes indoor and outdoor sports facilities, classrooms for dancing, gym, swimming pools and multipurpose halls. There is even a full sized football pitch that can be used by the public and the existing football clubs in the area namely; Cammell Laird F.C and Tranmere Rovers F.C. In conclusion, our whole approach to this master plan was to look at the strengths of the proposed site both historically and in present day and to use those strengths to propose a development that will be unique to the site. We also looked at what Birkenhead was missing and the problems that it's currently facing and what solutions we could implement to resolve those issues.
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