Lucy Fell 2020 Portfolio
BA(Hons) Architecture Liverpool School of Art and Design
About me I have a bachelor’s degree in Architecture from Liverpool John Moores University. I have been interested in architecture for as long as I can remember. After hearing about the refugee camp crisis in Calais, I designed a temporary modular home using recyclable materials to help house the thousands of people in crisis. I realised the extent to which a persons’ living conditions greatly determines their wellbeing. I then went forward to redesign a street of derelict terraced houses in Liverpool to suit modern families living sustainably. When my project won The Lovell Prize, I felt inspired to apply to do a degree in Architecture so that I can design buildings that have a core benefit to the occupants’ wellbeing. In my spare time, I enjoy cooking and being outdoors, exercising, drawing, painting, building and travelling. Having run the Architecture Society at LJMU as president for a year and been a class representative for three consecutive years, I find great pleasure in being as involved as I can be.
Contents BA Year 3 Semester 2: The Cube & The Pavilion
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BA Year 3 Semester 1: Weather or Not 24 BA Year 2 Semester 2: Liverpool Live Lounge
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BA Year 2 Semester 1: The Nest (Urban Design)
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Curriculum Vitae 56
BA Year 3 Semester 2: The Cube & The Pavilion
This project’s aim was to design an archive to house the artist’s, Mrs Fanchon Angst’s and her physicist husband Mr Herbert Frohlic’s, artwork collection. The building is intended to be the nucleus of the Merseyside artist community. The space includes an exhibition centre, educational hub and event space in honour of the Frohlich’s famous parties. It was at these parties where a great combination of artists and scientists from across international networks would gather. The parties regularly included the artist Peter Lanyon and physicist Erwin Schrödinger. Such a collaboration of talent created an inspiring openminded environment; something which is translated into the design, along with a focus on the promotion of the inhabitants’ wellbeing. The importance of a building being designed with the occupant’s wellbeing in mind is profound. This project explores the layers of environmental psychological design and how they can be translated into architectural elements, which have the main function as an archive building.
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Key: Building Route to Visable Landmarks Direct Context Around Site Direct Context Around Site 6
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Site Outline River Mersey Known Williamson Tunnels Landmarks Visable from Site
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Concept, Environmental Psychological Design
Basic primal needs: Every human has basic primal instincts which tell the person whether they feel safe within the space they are currently occupying. A person primal instincts will be satisfied when their surroundings make them feel safe. This can be achieved by the use of walls, ceilings, and floors creating a closed internal space for the person to feel protected within. Furthermore, the materials which these architectural elements are made from having a further impact on the individual’s primal instinct level of safety. The thicker and stronger the material is; the safer a person subconsciously feels within the space. Environmental Psychological Design: The basic building features to create a save feeling environment are great for satisfying the primal instincts in all humans, however, considering that humans have more advanced needs from the primal age, this means that there are more components for a building to be deemed successful. It is the presence or absence of these aspects in a building which impacts the inhabitants’ wellbeing. When qualities such as natural light, fresh air, brightly lit and open spaces are introduced into a design, this improves the overall impact the building has on its inhabitants and therefore improving the wellbeing of the occupants. enhancing elements into a design, the overall level of satisfaction within the space is significantly higher compared to a building which has fewer, or none, of these properties. When a person spends time in a building which has not been designed with a person’s wellbeing in mind, they can fall both physically and mentally ill. This is frequently known as sick building syndrome. The use of natural light in an internal space increases the level of serotonin people receive when in the building. Not only does the use of sunlight improve the inhabitants’ wellbeing, but the use of natural daylight illuminating the internal spaces is beneficial to the environment, lowers the carbon footprint of the building and increases the sustainability also. Brightly lit and open spaces are benefitting to inhabitants’ wellbeing 8
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Arousal Level & Wellbeing Environmenatl Psychological Design Primal Basic Needs as they present a welcoming environment to travel through and dwell in. If a space was not brightly lit and was closed rather than open, then the people who occupied the space would have a higher level of stress and anxiety due to the space no being inviting. When fresh air is brought into an internal environment, it not only keeps the building crisp but it also enhances the occupants’ experience of a building by not allowing the space to be stuffy and stale. When this occurs in a building which a person spends a significant amount of time in; it is one of the causes of sick building syndrome. Therefore, it is in the occupants’ best interest to incorporate a system of bringing fresh air into their interior.
Performance
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Optimal arousal
Stress, anxiety, impared perfomance
Fatigue, sleepiness
Weak Low Arousal levels: A persons arousal level is determined by how stimulating their surroundings are. Each person has their own personal range of levels, however, the three general stages of arousal are understimulated, over-stimulated, and optimum arousal. Under-stimulation occurs when a person’s environment has very few interesting features which cause them to be bored and feel lethargic. This can sometimes lead to individuals acting out as a way of creating their own stimulus, this can very easily result in chaos and stress – also known as overstimulation. Overstimulation can occur when the environment a person is with
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has too many features for an individual to focus on. This can then lead to a person feeling overwhelmed causing their stress and anxiety levels to rise. The most common example of this is when a space is crowded, therefore by predicting the number of people the space will occupy at a time, the environment can be designed as to not overwhelm its occupants. Optimum arousal occurs when there is a balance of stimulus for the inhabitants as to not feel under or overwhelmed. It is these conditions in which occupants of a designed space feel the happiest with their surroundings. 2020 Portfolio Lucy Fell 9
Concept, Subtractive Architecture
This series of images show the process of an impenetrable box being fashioned in the subtractive architectural concept to become a protective archive building and a smaller pavilion bar structure.
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Bar
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Internal Visuals
Ground Floor Plan
This visual shows the view of the central Atrium from the position of being sat at the welcome desk, facing north west. The Atrium houses the circulation to all internal and external spaces of The Cube. The bridges which connect all areas of the building (public, private, and semi-private) cut across the three-storey internal space to create architectural layers which form shadows throughout the space. Windows line the north wall on the ground floor of the Atrium – these allow people to view down into part of the Williamson Tunnels. Even though The Cube has been built over the Williamson Tunnels, a light shaft has been included as to bounce light down from the roof to illuminate the exposed Williamson Tunnels underneath the building. The external image of the building appears to be very closed and impenetrable as to protect the artworks held in the archive. However, once entered, the space is extremely bright and airy. The atrium has a glass roof and its west wall is mostly windows and glass doors. This allows the large internal space to be naturally lit and is a pleasant surprise from what is predicted, from its exterior, to be a dark building which feels heavy. The brightly lit space and view of the surrounding gardens is purely to enrich the occupants experience through the use of sun light, clean air, and green spaces. Furthermore, the westly direction you enter through encourages you to take in the view over Liverpool’s city centre.
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Ground Floor Plan
This visual shows a perspective view entering the archive room on the ground floor of The Cube. It is in this space Frohlich’s art collection is kept, and the space is large enough to have additional works added and kept in it also. The are works are kept on shelfing units which can be moved via the turning of a wheel as to create optimum storage space. The space is primally lit with natural daylight which is brought into the space via light shafts from the glass roof. The use of natural light is important in this space, not only because natural light is benefitting for the occupant’s wellbeings, but also because the light well brings in a low level of light which is good for the preservation of the artworks being housed within the archive. The light wells are located on all four sides of the archive to ensure that the light is evenly distributed throughout the internal space. The internal concrete walls are polished so that the light is reflected around the room so that the maximum amount of daylight is received. A series of columns are positioned shelves as the main structural support system to the space above (the gallery. These columns allow the natural daylight to enter into the internal space, via the light wells, uninterrupted by structural support on the walls.
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First Floor Plan
This visual shows the Art Gallery located on the first floor of The Cube. This double heighted space has no windows to create a protected environment, however, the space is still light primarily by natural sunlight. The sunlight enters the gallery through the glass roof which has a series of fins running laterally from east to west. The purpose of these fins is to indirectly bounce the natural sunlight into the gallery to evenly illuminate the space. The fins are designed to not allow the sunlight directly in even when the earth is at the maximum tilt to the sun creating the sun to be at 60â ° in the sky (summer solstice). The light is encouraged into the space through the reflective concrete surface which has been achieved by polishing the in-situ concrete once dried.
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First Floor Plan
This visual shows the view from the Balcony Terrace on first floor of The Cube. This public space provides a sheltered external breakout area from The Cube allowing people to experience the greenery and fresh air without having to be submerged in them. Providing this space could assist when a person is starting to feel over-stimulated by the buildings internal environment – having a designed space which offers these connections benefits the occupants wellbeing’s. The view which can be seen, behind the Pavilion Bar, is the view over Liverpool city centre where many of the famous landmarks can easily be seen in this uninterrupted view. The view also includes the River Mersey, and on clear days the Welsh mountains can be seen also.
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Second Floor Plan
This Visual shows the view of the North Artist Studio located on the second floor of the archive building, The Cube. This persepctive view is facing north east which shows the roof top garden. Both of these spaces are semi-private as the artist studio is intended to be open to local Merseyside artists. The roof garden provides a green space for the artsists which boosts their wellbeing’s while working within the studio. The studio uses the same sunlight bouncing design as the art gallery. The glass roof is broken up by a series of which reflect the natural sunlight indirectly into the space as to not cause any damage to artwork and provide the optimum lighting within the internal space.
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Second Floor Plan
This visual shows the view from the Balcony Terrace on first floor of The Cube. This public space provides a sheltered external breakout area from The Cube allowing people to experience the greenery and fresh air without having to be submerged in them. Providing this space could assist when a person is starting to feel over-stimulated by the building’s internal environment – having a designed space which offers these connections benefits the occupants wellbeing’s. The view which can be seen in this image is the view over Liverpool city centre where many of the famous landmarks can easily be seen in this uninterrupted view. The view also includes the River Mersey, and on clear days the Welsh mountains can be seen also.
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Ground Floor Plan
This visual shows the ground floor dining area of The Pavilion, facing south west. Identical to The Cube, The Pavilion uses the same materials. Different textures of concrete are used for the floor, the walls and ceiling; the walls and ceiling are polished to reflect the light to maximise the amount of natural daylight around the internal space. The windows on the west wall fully retract to the northern wall making the space feel open and fresh with the natural air that enters the space. The positioning of the bar away from the main building was to utilise the uninterrupted view over the city centre while also allowing the main archive building to utilise the access to the Williamson Tunnels. The west edge of the site has a small cliff sloping towards the city, which is what allows the view to be so impressive. Having the Pavilion on the most westerly point of the site allows for people in this space to experience this view. Furthermore, with regards to the renowned parties the Frohlich’s were known for throwing, The Pavilion will receive the optimal view of Liverpool city centre when the sun is setting and a night cityscape for those partying hours.
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First Floor Plan
This visual shows the first floor of The Pavilion, facing north west. This storey has an internal area and an external balcony which can be defined by the change in the concrete floorings texture. Both of these spaces are designed to be adaptable to suit different functions. On an average day the seating arrangement caters to the needs of people wanting to have a drink and/or a meal. The doors and windows over the bar, on the south and west walls, are retractable allowing the internal and external spaces to function as one. This creates a large party function space which also makes maximum use of the view of the city also. The space is also big enough to hold classes (such as yoga) in the internal space, with the bi-folding doors closed or open.
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Elevations
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External Visuals
External view of The Cube and the Pavilion and surrounding context from the wellbeing garden on the site facing north west.
External view of The Cube and The Pavilion and surrounding context from the new side road on the north side of the site. 22
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External view of The Cube and surrounding context from the south of Mason Street approaching the site.
External view of The Cube and surround context from the north east position next to the site on Mason Street. 2020 Portfolio Lucy Fell 23
BA Year 3 Semester 1: Weather or Not
Due to the rise of floods in the town of Hebden Bridge (which coincides with the rise of anthropogenic climate change), flood damage to buildings is becoming more frequent. Henceforth, an amphibious building that is floor proof would be an ideal structure for locals to use as a point of refuge. When a floor is not occurring, the building is a weather research station that also houses an exhibition space, cafe, wraparound porch, and an auditorium. The auditorium will be used as an education centre in dry conditions and as the refuge space during the event of a flood. The auditorium is located at the centre of the building, which is protected by architectural layers of defence - based on the ‘Tree Stump Concept.’ The weather research station will also be rested on stilted, pile foundations which keep the building above average water level. When the water level rises, in the event of a flood, the centre of the building will also rise with the assistance of floats on the base of the structure. Therefore, making the building flood-proof and a save environment for locals to take refuge within. The weather station reflects the cultural history of Hebden Bridge while also providing a safe and sustainable space to protect the locals from the increasing risk of floods.
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Angled Angled Roof Roof Pushes Pushes water water towards towards the the raft raft below below to to h h
Angled Roof pushes water towards the raft below to help float building evenly.
help help oat oat building building evenly. evenly.
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Tree Stump Concept & Programme
Centre becomes the safest place.
Concrete protected by defence layers.
Building Programme Development
research labs
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exhibition porch
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porch
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Key: Refuge Center - Safest Toilets and Storage - Safe Exhibition Space - Safe Wrap Around Porch - Sacrificial & Cafe and Reseach Labs - Sacrificial 2020 Portfolio Lucy Fell 27
1890 map of site
1930 map of site
River Water Flow Direction 28
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1970 map of site
Waterside Mill is not recorded on any map past 1970, and is not on the site now. The mill was located on the riverbed, which frequesntly floods, so the mill was likely water damaged beyond repair and therefore demolished. This highlights the importance of making the new building to be floor proof as it will be located next to the old site of theWaterside Mill.
Interprative Sketch of Waterside Mill
Water Wheel Generating Electricity
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Plans and Design
Ground Floor Plan Key: 1 Entrance 2 Exhibition Gallery 3 Auditorium 4 Open Air Wrap Around Porch 5 Café 6 Circulation 7 Lift 8 Outdoor Café Area 9 Water Wheel 10 Gender Neutral Toilets
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Roof Plan Key: Roof Over Research Lab 1 2 Roof Over Circulation & Exhibition Space 3 Roof Over Auditorium 4 Grass Roof Over Wrap Around Porch 5 Void for Water Wheel
Angled Roof Pushes water towards the raft below to help oat building evenly.
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Section in Dry Conditions
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Walk Through of the Building in Both Dry and Flooded Conditions
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Water 3 Water Wheel on3dry day Wheel on dry day 1 Approaching buidling on a dry day
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6 View from Roof Gardin on a ooded day
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BA Year 2 Semester 2: Liverpool Live Lounge
Liverpool Live Lounge is a music performance venue on Duke Street, Liverpool. The building consists of a box office, Glass Box bar, stage, auditorium, Sunset Bar, backstage area, VIP Green Room suite with an outdoor area incorporated. The structure is made from reinforced black concrete which is cast in situ, using timber casting frame to create a rough texture on the building’s exterior. There is a cantilever within the design, which is “floating” over the entrance walkway to enter the box office. As the building is black and made of heavy concrete, the cantilever creates a playful and unnatural appearance of floating. To make the cantilever lighter, it is cast in a waffle shape to reduce the volume of concrete; allowing it to “float.” The ‘Glass Box’ bar is found under the cantilevered section where you enter through the box office to end up in the auditorium. There is also a ‘Sunset bar’ onto of the cantilever which allows for people to look at the show performing below to the East and also to see the sun setting over the city and River Mersey to the West, of an evening.
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Exploded Axonometric
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Views of Interior
View of Glass Bar
View of Music Atrium
View of Atrium Tiers
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Plans
First Floor Plan: 1 Void (Auditorium standing and stage below) 2 Auditorium level 1 3 Auditorium level 2 4 Circulation 5 Circulation corridor 6 Light control room 7 Entrance to VIP green room suite 8 Stairs to bedroom and changing area 9 VIP green room suite/living area 10 Outdoor VIP area 11 Covered Outdoor Area and Fire Escape 12 Upper level stage 13 Void (storage below) 14 Void (rehersal room below) 15 Void (delivery space) Ground Floor Plan: Entrance Under Cantilever 1 Box Office 2 3 Bar Auditorium - Standing Level 4 Stage 5 Lift and Stairs 6 Box Office Back Room 7 8 Stage Door Backstage Corridor 9 Changing Room 10 W/C 11 Rehersal Room 12 13 VIP Fire Escape Delivery Area 14 Left Side Stage (mainly equipment) 15 16 Storage Right Side of Stage (performers entrance) 17 18 Toilets Office 19 20 Cleaning Cupboard 21 Security Office 22 Manager Office
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Roof Plan: Reinforced Concrete Waffle Roof 1 Glass Roof 2 Second Floor Plan: 1 Entrance to Sunset Bar Sunset Bar with View of Stage to East 2 3 Sunset Bar Terrace Bedroom and Changing Room for VIP 4 5 Void (Auditorium below) Void (Storage below) 6 Void (VIP Green Room below) 7
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BA Year 2 Semester 1: The Nest (Urban Design)
This urban design project focuses on the regeneration of a currently run-down and tired area and giving it a new life. The food hall, The Nest, provides a homely feeling to the Fabric District area of Liverpool, by having open walls and an eating space that encourages socialising. The Nest’s use of natural light, green spaces, and room for growing herbs and other foods injects a dose of health into the urban environment. This use of natural elements and socialising can encourage a currently unfriendly area to be a more welcoming space. This design uses an empty retail building located on London Road, Liverpool, that has been hollowed out and opened up for the public to have easy access.
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Noli Plan
This Noli Plan shows the urban design project, The Nest, sitting within the surrounding context - The Fabric District in Liverpool.
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Ground Floor Plan
The Nest makes use of an old shopping centre which has been out of use for over a decade. The design intends to remove the ground floor external walls on the south, east and north sides of the building and hold the rest of the existing structure up with new columns. The ground floor level will be sunken down a meter and will house the openair food market. The food market will be consist of a series of food huts that have a small roof garden upon each one that will grow fresh herbs to be used in the cooking taking place in the food huts. This promotes a sustainable lifestyle of eating locally grown produce as well as supporting the importance of socialising through the designed social seating arrangement in the external eating area. This external eating area is found north of the sunken food market hall. It is made up of an assortment of hills that have integrated seating in each side. This creates the seat to be facing one another allowing people to be social with one another while they eat their freshly prepared meals with locally grown herbs and seasoning. The overall purpose of this urban design project is to promote a healthy lifestyle through the use of fresh foods and social interactions.
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Rain Controlling Glass Roof
Gaps in the glass roof to allow rain to fall onto herb roof of market huts.
Glass Roof
The glass roof has openings located directly above the food hut’s roofs allowing the herbs to be naturally watered. To further assist with the natural watering, the glass roof is angled downwards towards the open areas as to direct the flow of the rainwater directly onto the herb roof gardens. The spare water from this natural watering process is caught in the drainage layer of each roof and is transported down to the primary water tank (located below the ground floor level) to be used as greywater else were. This is an efficient way of reducing the overall running water costs of the site as well as being beneficial to the environment.
Market Stalls
Angled Glass Roof
Market Stall
Grey Water Uses
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Food Hut Shutters
Shutters Open
Shutters Closed
The open shutter becomes a serving table.
The closed shutter is slightly sunken back from the food huts cladding.
The Food Hut Shutters are designed to be multiuse. The shutters not only indicate the food hut is closed and protect the equipment inside, but also provide a serving table from the cooks to he customers when the food hut is open for business.
Rain allowed in through gaps in glass roof to water herbs. Herb Garden Roof Chef can reach and collect fresh herbs to use in their cooking.
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Wide planks used through the route of the market space with smaller wooden planks placed perpendicularlly into the market stalls.
Walkway
The walkway through The Nest directs the flow of foot traffic through the partially internal space. The direction of the floorboards discreetly guides the customers through the collection of marketstyle food huts to the external seating area where the same type of flooring is continued throughout. The flooring is made from recycled plastics that have the appearance of timber boards. This lowers the overall carbon footprint of the design as well as promoting sustainability in the area. Furthermore, this material needs less maintenance throughout its lifespan and can be recycled again once its lifespan and uses have finished.
Recycled plastic appearing timber planks as a walkway to guide people through the “Nest.”
Small timber planks placed running into the market stalls to entice people to look into the market hut. The planks will line up with the timber cladding on the market huts.
Larger and wider timber planks to help direct the foot traffic to flow through the “Nest” market place. 2020 Portfolio Lucy Fell 49
External Hill Seating
The External Seating area consists of a series of mini hills that have seats integrated into the side of them. The seating arrangement allows for people to be in a green area while enjoying their meal, and to also sit facing others to engage in social interactions. Being in a social and green environment while eating a freshly made meal is a positively benefitting environment for a person to be within - particulary in a city centre.
The site has an average wind direction from the eat that is bounced off other buildings in the area. Due to the seating area being outdoors, this area could become rather windy creating unideal conditions to eat in. As a way of preventing this, a line of Pine Trees will be planted on the east side of the external seating area to shelter the people eating their meals. Not only will the dinners be sheltered from the wind, but planting the pine trees promote sustainability onto the site as well as providing a positive aesthetic all-year-round due to being evergreen foliage. 50
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Umbrella Holes
A hole located directly behind the back of the outdoor seats for an umbrella to be placd within. This creates a temporary sheltering structure from the rain so people can enjoy their freshly cooked meals in the external eating area while remaining dry.
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Moving Tables
Each seat comes with a lecture-hall desk style table that can be moved. The table is kept in a slot next to each seat and is rotated up and folded out across the persons’ lap to be used to eat off. The idea of having a movable table is to keep the space adaptable so that people feel in control of their environment and enjoy the design dining area to the fullest extent.
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Wall Planters
The wall planter boxes are an extension of the herb gardens on top of each food hut. The intent is that the planter boxes to be used to grow herbs and other small vegetation when the food huts have run out of space. They will be the same length of the wall and can be accessed by the raised platform that runs above the external seating area on the west side. The planter boxes are mostly self-sufficient as they collect water from the rain which then is distributed from the top row of boxes downwards through the natural use of gravity - this ensures that all of the plants are equally watered. Any unused water is collected via a pipe and transported to the primary water tank for grey water uses.
Planter Boxes
Wall
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Storyboard of The Nest
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