Government & housing in a time of crisis delegate pack 2016

Policy, Planning, Design and Delivery

Government and Housing in a time of crisis

Conference Theme Keynote Speakers Abstracts Overview The UK has a major housing crisis. From the Prime Minster to local residents people understand it can be catastrophic.

Unaffordable housing can be financially crippling. It leaves young people with a lifetime debt and disengages communities.

Poorer couples raise families in cramped conditions while others speculate and gentrify. In the worst cases it pushes the vulnerable on to the streets.

Recently the Prime Minister chastised house builders for not doing enough to increase supply. The house builders claim government imposes too much red tape. Architects grumble their affordable designs are not ‘profitable’ enough for contractors and not liked enough by residents. Residents can be sceptical of Housing Associations being pushed to operate in a private market. Communities increasingly complain about councils forced to develop land for profit across their cities.

Academics analyse and comment on what many see as intractable problems.

All these actors have something to say, something to offer and something at stake. Some of them talk to each other. Many do not, and never have. Practically none of them collaborate consistently.

This one off cross sector debate, and the conference it is aligned with, is a deliberate attempt to provoke dialogue across disciplines and sets of interests. It brings together architects, policy advisors, local government officials, housing associations, academics, regional business leaders and activists. It is an attempt to instigate collaborative approaches.

8-9 September 2016 Conference 10:00 - 17:00, 8 September 9:30 - 17:30, 9 September Liverpool John Moores University | John Foster Building 80-98 Mount Pleasant, L3 5UZ Liverpool Cross Sector Debate 6pm - 8pm, 8 September RIBA North West | Open Eye Gallery 19 Mann Island, L3 1BP Liverpool

#AmpsHCP | http://architecturemps.com/liverpool-2016/

Government and Housing in a Time of Crisis: Policy, Planning, Design and Delivery

Conference Theme

8th & 9th September

John Foster Building Liverpool John Moores University

Housing – Critical Futures This conference forms part of the AMPS programme Housing – Critical Futures, an ongoing series of events, publications, conferences and research projects considering the issue of housing from various perspectives: affordability, community, design, sustainability and more.

The programme has involved events in the United Kingdom, Australia, Spain, Cyprus and the United States. It has a series of additional events planned in the UK for 201617: Liverpool, Derby, London, Bristol.

This event is the second organised with Liverpool John Moores University whose Masters programme currently focuses on housing.

Organisers AMPS (Architecture, Media, Politics, Society) Liverpool John Moores University

Key Supporters AMPS (Architecture, Media, Politics, Society) Liverpool John Moores University Liverpool City Council Royal Institute of British Architects Design Council Cabe National Housing Federation Northern Housing Consortium Assemble Open Eye Gallery Everyman Theatre 24 Housing Libri Publishing UCL Press Architecture_MPS journal

Details http://architecturemps.com/ http://architecturemps.com/housing-critical-futures/ https://www.ljmu.ac.uk/study/courses/postgraduates/architecture-march

Key Locations Conference: Liverpool John Moores University | The John Foster Building 80-98 Mount Pleasant, L3 5UZ Liverpool Government and Housing Cross Sector Debate: RIBA North West | Open Eye Gallery (Winter Garden) 19 Mann Island, Liverpool Waterfront, L3 1BP Liverpool Registration | Lunch: Everyman Theatre 5 Hope Street, L1 9BH Liverpool

2

Government and Housing in a Time of Crisis: Policy, Planning, Design and Delivery

Keynote Speakers Conference

8th September

John Foster Building Liverpool John Moores University

Assemble Fran Edgerley & Lewis Jones Assemble are a collective based in London who work across the fields of art, architecture and design. They began working together in 2010 and are comprised of 18 members. Assemble’s working practice seeks to address the typical disconnection between the public and the process by which places are made. Assemble champion a working practice that is interdependent and collaborative, seeking to actively involve the public as both participant and collaborator in the on-going realization of the work.

Speakers Cross Sector Debate

Liverpool City Council Joe Anderson, Mayor of Liverpool How Mayors make Homes

Design Council – Cabe David Waterhouse, Associate Director, Strategic Development Local Economic Growth & Housing – Embedding quality

Royal Institute of British Architects Andy Von Bradsky, Head of the RIBA Housing Group Professions, Government and Politics

National Housing Federation Steve Cole, Policy Leader Building Through Uncertain Time

Northern Housing Consortium Charlotte Harrison, Executive Director How can housing support the Northern Powerhouse

3

Government and Housing in a Time of Crisis: Policy, Planning, Design and Delivery

8th September Schedule

John Foster Building Liverpool John Moores University

Morning Session 9:00 - 9:45

Registration Everyman Theatre

10:00 - 10:45

Welcome and Opening Talk

11:00 - 12:30

Session 1.1

Session 1.2

Room 1 | chair: Ian Wroot Policy and Planning UK

Room 2 | chair: Anthony Malone European Studies. Policies and Projects

Glyn Robbins Austerity Urbanism’s Final Frontier: The Housing and Planning Act 2016

Dominic Wilkinson Liverpool City Architects and Militant: providing form to policy

Emma Ormerod Seeing housing like a local state (in partnership)

Suheyla Turk The provision of Affordable Housing by 25% Rule in Copenhagen, Denmark

Lecture Theatre Assemble

Richard Dunning Is local authority land the solution for national housing targets?

12:30 - 13:30

Jacopo Lareno Faccini & Francesca Cognetti Whose social? whose city? Social housing for whom?

A critical perspective on social housing policies in Milan

Lunch break Everyman Theatre

Afternoon Session 13:30 - 15:00

Session 2.1

Session 2.2

Room 1 | chair: Charlie Smith The Psychology of Living and Housing

Room 2 | chair: Gary Brown People, Experiences and Exclusion

Jamileh Manoochehri Housing in the context of alienation and self-agency

Lee Ivett & Ambrose Gillick Constructing Community: Synthesizing Lay and Professional Knowledge in Architecture

Siriwan Rujibhong, Prapatpong Upala & Jurian Edelenbos The Impact of High-rise Housing Environment and Metropolitan Context on Psychological Status of Dwellers: A Case Study of Bangkok, Thailand Claude Saint-Arroman Sustainable boundaries and current construction practices: unlocking environmental and social hermeticity for long term adaptability

Joann Richardson Conflict sites: negotiating a space and place for Gypsies and Travellers Geraldine Regan The experiences of homeless families

15:00 - 15:15

Break

15:15 - 16:45

Session 3.1

Session 3.2

Room 1 | chair: Dominic WIlkinson Design, Planning and Proposals

Room 2 | chair: Gary Brown Place, Community and Identity

Charles Holland Do it Ourself

Quintin Bradley A passion for place: neighbourhood planning and community attitudes to house-building

Charlie Smith “Yet another apartment block…?!”

A critique of housing provision in cities, and qualities that make urban houses desirable Aisling McCourt Understanding the persistence of stalled residential housing development sites

Dominique Peck, Bernd Knies, Christopher Dell & Anna Richter The Learning City and the University of the Neighbourhoods (UoN) – a documentation of making new forms of agencies available Philip Brown Pretty Vacant: Understanding the persistence of empty homes in the UK

Evening Session 18:00 - 20:00

Cross Sector Housing Debate

RIBA North West | Open Eye Gallery (19 Mann Island, Liverpool Waterfront L3 1BP) Joe Anderson Mayor of Liverpool David Waterhouse Design Council CABE Andy von Bradsky Royal Institute of British Architects Steve Cole National Housing Federation Charlotte Harrison Northern Housing Consortium

20:00 -

Evening Social Gathering

Brasco Lounge (27A Mann Island, Liverpool Waterfront L3 1BP)

Government and Housing in a Time of Crisis: Policy, Planning, Design and Delivery

8th September

John Foster Building Liverpool John Moores University

Session 1.1 11:00 - 12:30

Policy and Planning UK Austerity Urbanism’s Final Frontier: The Housing and Planning Act 2016

Seeing housing like a local state (in partnership)

Glyn Robbins Independent Scholar

Emma Ormerod Durham University

Abstract

Abstract

The Housing and Planning Act received Royal Assent on 12th May 2016.

Processes that have been in train for four decades have culminated in a single piece of legislation that could transform the housing and urban policy landscape. Far-reaching measures in the Act include the introduction of means testing, ending of permanent tenancies, sell-offs of ‘high value’ council homes as they become empty, extension of Right to Buy to housing association (HA) tenants, replacement of social rented homes with ‘Starter Homes’ on new development sites, deregulation of HAs to allow more commercial activities, relaxation of local planning controls and re-designation of council estates as ‘brownfield sites’.

The Act precisely addresses the question of ‘Government and Housing in a Time of Crisis: Policy, Planning, Design and Delivery’. Before it was passed, there were many criticisms of the legislation by politicians, academics, policy makers, housing campaigners and above all, by those who will be most adversely affected by it. However, a critical phase is now before us as the many questions of practical implementation come to the fore, with multiple implications for national and local government.

This paper will explore the ideological and policy issues around the Act and consider its possible consequences. It will do so from the practical perspective of the manager of a council estate in inner London, but within an academic framework that places the Act in the wider context of the neoliberalising metropolis. Pre-existing tensions centred on the availability of genuinely affordable housing and the ability of people on low and medium incomes to live in urban areas in a time of reputed ‘austerity’ will be exacerbated by the Act. The Housing and Planning Act marks a potential watershed moment, not just for housing policy but for the development of Britain’s cities – as austerity urbanism’s final frontier.

Housing is now in a permanent state of crisis. The housing market is often understood as being at the root of this crisis, and yet the dominant understanding of housing as a commodity, investment and even a social signifier maintains that the market itself is ironically the solution to the problem it creates. There is a geography of the housing-marketcrisis and subsequent state intervention, which is often overlooked.

The housing market in certain areas in the North of England has been represented as having ‘failed’ under one of the most controversial regeneration programmes, Housing Market Renewal. This paper focuses on one particular neighbourhood in the North East which ‘failed’ to keep up with the market pace, and considers how the housing market is now being (re)constructed through a joint venture partnership; a growing mode of housing delivery in the UK. It argues that the local authority have become increasingly active in stimulating and shaping the housing market. Seen as a proactive and innovative approach to housing delivery under conditions of austerity and localism, the partnership is becoming a strategic and long-term housing developer across the local authority borough, with a large portfolio of publicly owned land.

This paper critically considers what is at stake in this partnership as decision making becomes less transparent and increasingly marketised by an entrepreneurial local authority. Finally it is argued that a (re) consideration of the concept of the local state can be used to make sense of these changes, and how it ‘sees’ (Scott, 1998) housing.

Author(s) Biography

Author(s) Biography Dr. Glyn Robbins has worked in, campaigned on and written about housing and urban policy for 25 years. He currently manages a council estate in a rapidly changing part of inner London. Glyn has held a variety of positions within the public, non-profit and private sectors.

He received his PhD from London Metropolitan University in 2013 for a thesis on ‘Mixed Use Property Development and its Place in UK Urban Policy’. As well as several peer-reviewed academic papers, Glyn’s writing has been published by The Guardian, Town and Country Planner, Roof, Red Pepper and he writes regularly on housing for The Morning Star.

Glyn has been closely involved in the campaign against the Housing and Planning Bill/Act and subject to a successful funding application, will be participating in academic research on the impact of the legislation. Glyn is also a regular visitor to the USA and is due to publish a book about the convergence of US and UK housing policy. He has spoken at numerous academic and housing-related conferences and is regularly interviewed by the media on housing policy.

5

Emma Ormerod is a PhD researcher in the Department of Geography at Durham University with an interest in housing, regeneration, planning, local government and politics. Prior to beginning her research, Emma had worked as a Town Planner for over ten years in various public and nonpublic organisations.

Government and Housing in a Time of Crisis: Policy, Planning, Design and Delivery

Session 1.1 11:00 - 12:30

Policy and Planning UK Is local authority land the solution for national housing targets?

Richard Dunning University of Sheffield Abstract Local authority land is increasingly viewed as part of the supply solution for growing national housebuilding targets. The shift from local authorities as development control to housing enablers has drawn political and public attention, supported by headline figures of 100,000 homes built on public land in London alone (Savills, 2014).

Whilst estimates vary about the amount of developable land in local authorities’ portfolios, little research has been undertaken into the existing mechanisms of identifying and preparing local authority land for housing development. Local planning authorities are universally, and statutorily, concerned with both the delivery of dwellings to live in and making places suitable and sustainable. In this context the actions of local authority officers both inform and perform aspects of the housing market and cannot therefore be divided from local land markets (Adams and Tiesdell, 2010) or the development process (Henneberry and Parris, 2013). This paper reflects critically upon fifteen interviews with key professionals involved in identifying, planning, selling, buying and developing dwellings on land belonging to local authorities. It argues that no single model of dealing with local authority land will be operationally sufficient for the wide range of local housing requirements and authorities’ competing objectives and resources. Four aspects of local authority behaviour and organization are discussed in detail as key components: the local policy environment; the skill set of officers; the internal coherence of strategic objectives; and the delivery mechanisms.

Author(s) Biography Dr. Richard Dunning is a critical urban scholar with a particular research focus on housing. Working in the Department of Urban Studies and Planning at the University of Sheffield he specializes in the appliedtheory nexus of housing and infrastructure. He has delivered housing need modeling at the local and national scales and housing policy evidence reviews for local and central governments. Recent research has considered planning for soft densification for the French Government and the relationship between estate agents and buyers and sellers in England and New Zealand for the RICS. He is an Executive Committee member of the Housing Studies Association. Prior to undertaking a PhD Richard worked briefly as a surveyor when he developed a love for industrial property.

6

8th September

John Foster Building Liverpool John Moores University

Government and Housing in a Time of Crisis: Policy, Planning, Design and Delivery

Session 1.1 11:00 - 12:30

Policy and Planning UK Notes

7

8th September

John Foster Building Liverpool John Moores University

Government and Housing in a Time of Crisis: Policy, Planning, Design and Delivery

Session 1.1 11:00 - 12:30

Policy and Planning UK Notes

8

8th September

John Foster Building Liverpool John Moores University

Government and Housing in a Time of Crisis: Policy, Planning, Design and Delivery

8th September

John Foster Building Liverpool John Moores University

Session 1.2 11:00 - 12:30

European Studies. Policies and Projects Liverpool City Architects and Militant: providing form to policy

The provision of Affordable Housing by 25% Rule in Copenhagen, Denmark

Dominic Wilkinson Liverpool John Moores University

Suheyla Turk Lund University

Abstract

Abstract

From the point at which the Local Labour Party dominated by the Militant Tendency gained overall control of Liverpool City Council in the May 1983 local elections, their policies of ‘No cuts in jobs and services, and building council houses’ could be implemented with gusto. One of their first actions was to establish an Urban Regeneration Strategy with a budget of £100Million and plans to replace tower blocks and tenements with 5000 council houses (Belchem 2006). The form of this housing was clear, the new estates were to be two storey semi-detached houses with front and back gardens, and they would be designed by the local authority under direction of the City Architect James Robb. The rationale, apart from an obvious reaction against the failings of the tower and maisonette schemes from the 1960’s and 1970’s, was according to more than one city councillor that “if it is good enough for the middle classes is good enough for the working classes”.

This paper analyses the implementation of the affordable housing law of 2015 by a municipality-state owned company connected to urban renewal projects in several port areas in Copenhagen. This company has a direct role in developing, managing and providing infrastructure of urban renewal projects. The paper discusses models in the practice of housing provision by presenting an innovation that has had a positive impact in affordable housing development. The specific aim of the paper is to examine the implementation process of the 25% quota for new affordable housing production in new development areas. Even more specifically, it examines local level partnerships among local governments, municipality-state owned companies and nonprofit housing associations.

The paper is based on a qualitative case study using data collected from local plans, planning policies and legislation. The findings show that the use of the 25% quota occurs in urban renewal areas where the majority of land belongs to municipality-state owned companies. Understanding how corporations such as this one follow or manipulate the 25% quota is important for the future development of affordable housing in Denmark.

It is a model that represents a positive outcomes from public-private partnerships in affordable housing provision.

Author(s) Biography

The location for these new houses, the inner districts and particularly the 1930’s local authority walk-up tenements designed by Lancelot Keay and John Hughes. These tenements whilst popular with residents were by the 1980’s in need of investment but critically they were all in local authority ownership and would allow a ‘quick win’ in implementing the new policies. That the suburban forms proposed would reduce densities and sit uncomfortably with their inner city locations did not concern the politicians or for that matter the City Architect. James Robb, was keenly aware of the powerful role played by his predecessor Ronald Bradbury, who as city Architect and Director of Housing and been responsible for implementation of the 1966 Housing plan which proposed the demolition of 36% of the cities homes (Couch, Fowles & Karecha, 2009), and saw the opportunity for his chance to make his impact. The year prior to Labour gaining full control of the City Council, Robb had won an architectural competition sponsored by the Secretary of State for the Environment, Michael Hesleltine, for Vauxhall, a deprived area of North Liverpool. The solution, enclaves of suburban semi-detached houses arranged around cul-de-sacs, turning their backs upon the ‘hostile’ environment of the inner city.

This new form, not urban, nor genuinely suburban, was to become the de-facto solution for council housing and housing associations throughout the city during the 1980’s, surviving long after Robb’s departure through early retirement in 1987; supplementary Planning Documents in the city would continue to forbid terraces of more than three units for new build housing well into the 1990’s.

This presentation will examine the form of these new council houses, their relationship to policy within the City Council at the time and the lessons that can be drawn for a new housing crisis in another time of austerity.

Author(s) Biography Dominic Wilkinson is an Architect, Urban Designer and Senior Lecturer in Architecture at Liverpool John Moores University. Upon graduation, as project architect for the Dove Street housing scheme, he was responsible for the implementation of the last Council housing produced in Liverpool.

Competition wins for Europan sites in the Netherlands and award winning regeneration projects in Liverpool have been combined with teaching posts and research at Manchester University, Liverpool University and currently Liverpool John Moores University. As year coordinator for the final year Masters in Architecture programme at LJMU he has been responsible for the introduction of research focussed studio projects examining urban regeneration proposals in second tier European port cities. Previous research projects have included contributions to Shrinking Cities, and conference papers on the policy implications of PPG3 upon the morphology of speculative housing in the UK. He is currently working on books on the renowned Liverpool church architect, F. X. Velarde, and Modernist houses of Merseyside.

9

Suheyla Turk is a PhD student at Human Geography Department of Lund University. The author had a MSc. Degree in urban planning at Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul in Turkey with an exchange study period at Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, Stockholm, Sweden. She has her own office and has designed several housing, public and industrial building projects which have been constructed.

Government and Housing in a Time of Crisis: Policy, Planning, Design and Delivery

Session 1.2 11:00 - 12:30

European Studies. Policies and Projects Is local authority land the solution for national housing targets?

Jacopo Lareno Faccini & Francesca Cognetti Polytechnic University of Milan Abstract Social housing policies are not only a matter of stock production, they also determine the social profile of citizens. In dualistic rental market systems, public housing districts have defined a space – social, spatial and even economical – where very low-income people can live despite the growth of private housing rental prices. Nowadays, the Italian housing system is facing structural changes in its administrative, organizational and economic paradigms that are having varying results at the local level. Moreover, public and political debates have deformed the rhetorical framework of housing discourses, introducing a plethora of diverse definitions and concepts in order to overcome the failings of the public housing model.

In this paper, the author’s considerations focus on the interpretation of ‘social’ aspects within housing policy in a context characterized by various pressures: the contraction/reduction of traditionally public housing interventions and the lengthening of the public waiting list; the historical housing stock being highly degraded; new housing demands caused by the housing crisis (eviction, rental increase, etc.) and an increase in new-comers (economic migrants, asylum seekers, etc).

Central to this study is the result of quantitative and qualitative analysis of more than 40 projects. In a framework characterized by a lack of explicit long-term programs and strategies, this data constitutes a multi-source database (institutional archives, interviews, data gathering, web data) that makes it possible to highlight some common issues as important: the significance of temporary populations such as students; the introduction of community management activities as a part of the social fabric; the development of social mix rhetoric with a focus on who falls into the gap between social welfare and the free market models.

Finally the paper questions the interpretation of ‘social’ aspects, analysing the interaction between the context and the social profile of the projects. It asks: what kind of ‘social housing’ is implemented by this policy based on the sum of single projects? what idea of the city, of coexistence and acceptance emerges? etc.

Author(s) Biography Francesca Cognetti is Assistant Professor of Territorial and Urban Analysis at the Department of Architecture and Urban Studies (Politecnico di Milano) and Rector’s Delegate to Social responsibility and public engagement. She is Member of the Academic board of PhD in Planning and Public Policy for the Territory – IUAV, University of Venice.

Besides teaching on urban policies, her main contributions to research and consultancy include: forms of living the contemporary city with particular reference to issues of public housing, social housing and social inequalities.

She is coordinating two researches on social housing and public housing in Milan: ‘For Rent. Adressing the gap between demand and supply of affordable housing’ and “Mapping San Siro” (a experimental live lab for sharing knowledge between academia and a large public housing neighbourhood).

Jacopo Lareno Faccini is Research Fellow at the Department of Architecture and Urban Studies (Politecnico di Milano). He graduated with honours from Politecnico di Milano in Urban Planning and Policy Designs. He was teaching assistant in Urban Planning at the Architecture Course and tutor at the first workshop of “Mapping San Siro” the research program. He also attended an internship at Milan Municipality, department of Housing and Public, working on urban regeneration of public housing neighbourhood.

His research interests are: Housing Policy, Social Housing Financialisation, Area-based welfare policies and neighbourhood regeneration.

He is member of the research program on social housing: ‘For Rent.

Adressing the gap between demand and supply of affordable housing’.

10

8th September

John Foster Building Liverpool John Moores University

Government and Housing in a Time of Crisis: Policy, Planning, Design and Delivery

Session 1.2 11:00 - 12:30

European Studies. Policies and Projects Notes

11

8th September

John Foster Building Liverpool John Moores University

Government and Housing in a Time of Crisis: Policy, Planning, Design and Delivery

Session 1.2 11:00 - 12:30

European Studies. Policies and Projects Notes

12

8th September

John Foster Building Liverpool John Moores University

Government and Housing in a Time of Crisis: Policy, Planning, Design and Delivery

8th September

John Foster Building Liverpool John Moores University

Session 2.1 13:30 - 15:00

The Psychology of Living and Housing Housing in the context of alienation and self-agency Jamileh Manoochehri De Montfort University

The Impact of High-rise Housing Environment and Metropolitan Context on Psychological Status of Dwellers: A Case Study of Bangkok, Thailand Siriwan Rujibhong, Prapatpong Upala & Jurian Edelenbos King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology / Erasmus University Rotterdam

Abstract

Abstract

This paper is concerned with housing and alienation. It assumes a consensus on the necessity of provision of social housing for everyone in need, the impact that loss of access to adequate housing of socially acceptable standards and problems that the dispersal of people from communities causes. It posits that the housing problem should be understood in terms of alienation.

Technological advances have changed our working and social interactions, and to some extent they have altered our relationships with both our homes, and the built environment. Whatever the definition or composition of the home, there is an inherent association with the family – it serves to accommodate the unit of human society. Notably, the role of this social unit has increasingly transformed over time - the relationships within the home are subject to change. Technological advances have decentralised the relationship within the family and allow for similar decentralisation in the workplace.

The connections and networks that relate individuals to one another are important in ‘grounding’ them and allowing them to develop. This is related to the issue of ‘projection’. Happiness is related to our ability to imagine a role and value in our networks. Without a network we are individualised and disconnected.

Alienation is understood here as the fissure of local and societal connections; and is linked to the concept of alienation as the condition in which the product of our labour turns into something against us, and as an inability to mediate in our environment. This mediation, this agency, takes different forms - the aim of this research is to identify the optimum amount of self-agency required to mitigate alienation in our living environment. In this context the home is understood as the site of enactment and self-actualisation. This paper aims to set out the basis of fieldwork to test if and how this alienation can be mitigated.

Author(s) Biography

Due to a large population size and spatial limitations of urban environments, the vertical expansion of city space including high-rise housing seems to be an inevitable pathway for the metropolises all over the world. Likewise, Bangkok, the capital city of Thailand and the most extreme primate city on earth, the number of population residing in highrise buildings has reached more than 230,000 since the latest decennial population census reported in 2010. Despite the four decades of high-rise housing development in Thailand, yet the empirical research involving the consequences of living in high-rise has gone out of focus.

This quantitative research conducted during 2014 and 2016 aimed to evaluate the psychological status of the dwellers living in physical environment of high-rise buildings located in six different zones of Bangkok. The three psychological domains defined the dependent variables set comprised of 1) safety concern, 2) privacy satisfaction, and 3) sense of community, meanwhile the factors placed in the independent variable set were 1) physical-environmental factors including community and surroundings, and 2) personal factors.

During to the field survey, the multi-stage sampling technique was applied in order to recruit 1,206 respondents living in 18 high-rise buildings. The two interdisciplinary instruments: the Personal and Environmental-Psychological Questionnaire (PEP), and the PhysicalEnvironmental Assessment (PE), were particularly invented for gaining data from the field. The result of research revealed that the differences and diversities of psychological assessment’s outcome were found statistically. Both environmental and personal factors appeared to have influences on the respondents’ safety concern, privacy satisfaction, and sense of community at a 95% confidence interval (significant level of 0.05). Furthermore, the interrelationships amongst the core dependent variables existed at the same significant level. The remarkable findings were further discussed in order to bridge over the modern-day crisis of high-rise housing especially in urban context of Bangkok.

Author(s) Biography

Jamileh Manoochehri is currently teaching at the Leicester School of Architecture, De Montfort University, where she runs a studio and seminar group on housing, at M Arch level. She is also Subject Head for Professional Studies.

She studied architecture at the Architectural Association. As a registered architect she has worked mainly on housing projects with Local Authorities and Housing Associations as clients. Projects included regeneration of several estates in LB Hackney as well as new build housing developments in London and Dundee.

She obtained her PhD on the effect of social policy and social values on standards in social housing in UK, from Development Planning Unit or University College London in 2009.

She has written a book on Politics of Social Housing in Britain, published in 2012 and has recently written a book Chapter on Social Sustainability and the Housing Problem in: Sustainable Futures, Design and the Built Environment published in 2015. methods. She has published on issues around ageing and mobility, PAR and community participation of older people.

13

Siriwan Rujibhong is Assistant professor of Interior Design at the School of Architecture, Bangkok University. Currently, she is furthering her joint doctoral degree at King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Thailand, and the Institute for Housing and Urban Development Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Her research interests involve: housing and urban development; environmental psychology; built-environment and spatial behaviour; and multidisciplinary research approach for architectural design development.

Prapatpong Upala is currently Director of PhD Programme in Multidisciplinary Design Research and the lecturer of the Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Architecture, at King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Thailand. In 2007, he earned his Ph.D. in Civil Engineering (Transportation Engineering), Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University in Bangkok. His research interests are in the area of mass transit and public transport planning, bicycle and pedestrians planning, housing demand and supply analysis stated preference techniques, RP, SP, mixed RP/SP Model.

Jurian Edelenbos is Professor of Interactive Urban Governance at the Department of Public Administration, Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands. He is also Academic Director of the Institute for Housing and Urban Development Studies. At the same institute he is also Managing Director of PhD Programme in Urban Governance and Development. In his research, he focuses on governance challenges regarding urban and water affairs.

Government and Housing in a Time of Crisis: Policy, Planning, Design and Delivery

Session 2.1 13:30 - 15:00

The Psychology of Living and Housing Sustainable boundaries and current construction practices: unlocking environmental and social hermeticity for long term adaptability Claude Saint-Arroman Goldsmiths University Abstract This presentation challenges a perceived paradox between self sufficiency and self containment in mass housing formulas. It focuses on institutional and physical boundaries between private and public space, considered separately in statutory and legal frameworks, and in corresponding architectural designs. The purpose is to explore the concurrent mutuality of privacy/publicity dynamics and the potentials this offers in providing future paradigms for the collective project of urban sustainability. I am here transposing into a critique of high density housing theories such as Donella Meadows’ (1991) whereby the awareness and application of sustainability is a collective endeavour; in the construction industries, sustainability is increasingly assigned to the building’s ‘performance’ rather than to its users’ concomitant participation in that performance during the building’s lifetime.

My thesis conceptualises the boundary as an architectural element that not only divides but also unites; as a dynamic point of adjacency between spaces that regulates their intersection as well as their separation. As such, the boundary is regarded as an agent between two sides in a tripartite symbiosis, and as the centre of relationship between parts. This concept might be envisaged as a design tool for integrating a relational dimension to the configuration of urban space(s), and for integrating environmental factors currently assessed separately: climate, nature, social and utilitarian infrastructures all ‘meet’ at the same physical architectural boundary. I argue that its degree of flexibility is commensurate with its potential for assembling separated realities and for generating long term social and architectural viability.

This proposition is in friction with more defensive conceptions about the boundary that support hermeticity: protection of privacy and of propriety, from neighbours, from damage and from climate change.

These are scrutinised through the lens of architectural boundaries in selected case studies, to highlight contradictions such designs generate with regards to sustainability, and to initiate a debate about their implications and relevance to long-term evolution towards a more ecological urban future.

Author(s) Biography Claude Saint-Arroman was a practicing professional architect for 15 years before returning to academia in 2010. During this time, she worked on medium and large scale housing projects in London, and was concerned about spatial and construction conventions which regard social, anthropological and environmental factors as separate. Her PhD research with Goldsmith University explored the wider meanings of sustainability through phenomenology and material culture, and the concept of the boundary presented here evolved alongside a focus on urban relationality.

Claude’s research investigates thinking ‘habits’ which support hermetic designs (privacy, fear of otherness/conflict, social propriety and planning etiquette, order through categorisation) and examines a variety of architectural boundary strategies in housing blocks and estates in London which reflect and/or perpetuate them but also reveal degrees of relationality that defies them. The proposition that thinking habits can be detrimental to change was first put forward by Gregory Bateson in his Steps to an Ecology of Mind (1972); Claude’s work is preoccupied with the possibility that slight paradigm and design alterations at the boundary could potentially provide beneficial long term contributions to urban policy and sustainability.

Claude carries this principle beyond housing with her architecture students in design and in theory at the University of East London, where she has been teaching for five years.

14

8th September

John Foster Building Liverpool John Moores University

Government and Housing in a Time of Crisis: Policy, Planning, Design and Delivery

Session 2.1 13:30 - 15:00

The Psychology of Living and Housing Notes

15

8th September

John Foster Building Liverpool John Moores University

Government and Housing in a Time of Crisis: Policy, Planning, Design and Delivery

Session 2.1 13:30 - 15:00

The Psychology of Living and Housing Notes

16

8th September

John Foster Building Liverpool John Moores University

Government and Housing in a Time of Crisis: Policy, Planning, Design and Delivery

8th September

John Foster Building Liverpool John Moores University

Session 2.2 13:30 - 15:00

People, Experiences and Exclusion Constructing Community: Synthesizing Lay and Professional Knowledge in Architecture

Conflict sites: negotiating a space and place for Gypsies and Travellers

Lee Ivett & Ambrose Gillick Glasgow School of Art & Baxendale

Joann Richardson De Montfort University

Abstract

Abstract

Architectural development practices for marginal communities have, in recent decades, sought to mediate conflicts between donors and recipients through participatory design exercises. These have been undertaken with the intention of developing greater reciprocity between parties and within communities, better “fit” between product and user needs, as well as the promotion of broader democratic concerns, in pursuit of a more responsive built environment, in-line with pluralist agendas. In short, participation is seen to promote political representation and further to concretize it in the built fabric of settlements, building in local identities and establishing physicals spaces for communal discourse. The value of participation as a strategy has, however, been challenged in recent years with the suggestion that, in contrast to the rhetoric, “there is little evidence of the long-term effectiveness of participation in materially improving the conditions of the most vulnerable people” (Cleaver 1999). This constitutes a real issue for architecture, which has had until recently few alternative tools to ensure meaningful “user” representation in the design and construction of housing. This paper describes the work of Baxendale, a multi-disciplinary architecture and design company based in Glasgow, Scotland, which practices alternative models of urban development towards addressing this problem, engaging community, local and state actors in iterative and needs-centred design and production processes.

Looking at case-study projects, this paper describes how synergistic processes of design and production can be used to mediate between competing interests in urban development towards producing inherently pluralistic, networked and empowering urban environments.

Author(s) Biography

A host of demands are placed upon people and physical spaces to perform in a particular way; but how can conflicting demands be negotiated to allow our spaces to accommodate different people, ideas and issues? Like other indigenous, traditionally nomadic, communities across the world, Gypsies and Travellers face poorer health, education and employment outcomes and are perceived as ‘others’ in media, public and political discourse. Conflict arises when Gypsies and Travellers stop on the roadside, or other public spaces, and create unauthorised encampments. Within the realm of the ‘politics of home’ the debate on provision and management of sites is often conflict-ridden. The result is a shortage of sites for Gypsies and Travellers to live on, poorer health, educational and employment outcomes. Also observable in the very many areas with insufficient site accommodation is an increase of unauthorised encampments an in parallel a decline in social cohesion.

Lee Ivett is an architect and founder of Baxendale. He works with artists, makers, dancers, choreographers, growers, academics and musicians, creating work within the home, the public realm, the theatre and the gallery in places as diverse as Los Angeles, Preston, Nuremburg, Kirkcaldy, Ljubljana, Hungary, Gdansk, Glasgow and Beith. Baxendale work with communities and individuals with an ambition to improve their experience of life through an active intervention in their spiritual, social, economic, physical and cultural context. Lee is co-pilot to Stage 2 in the Mackintosh School of Architecture, Glasgow School of Art. Baxendale were a featured practice in New Architecture 3.

Ambrose Gillick is a researcher and lecturer at the GSA. He got his doctorate from the University of Manchester with a thesis on the architecture of post-disaster reconstruction in Gujarat, India. Ambrose cut his academic teeth as an assistant on Robert Proctor’s AHRCfunded Building the Modern Church project; and with Florian Urban as researcher on the Leverhulme Trust-funded The New Tenement. He is returning to practice with Baxendale, one of RIBA’s New Architects 3, to get his Part 3, as well as continuing to lecture at the Mac.

17

There is often disagreement, objection and conflict during planning consultation for the delivery of permitted sites, and low-level conflict can also be seen on existing sites between residents and managers.

However, there are examples where the complexity of the challenge is acknowledged by a range of organisations and people in one area, and where a more agile approach to problem solving is achieved to move from conflict to inclusion in accommodation for Gypsies and Travellers. This paper will focus on emerging findings from a research project funded by the Joseph Rowntree Foundation (JRF) which seeks to understand the different levels of conflict within Gypsy site delivery and management in order to suggest how the challenges, complexities and in some cases improved outcomes can be negotiated.

Author(s) Biography Jo Richardson is Professor of Housing and Social Research based in the department of Politics and Public Policy at De Montfort University, Leicester. Her current research projects include a study funded by the Joseph Rowntree Foundation looking at conflict resolution in site management and delivery for Gypsies and Travellers; plus three pieces of work evaluating projects for councils and housing organisations across the country. She has published a number of books and papers on the topic of Travellers, including: Gypsies and Travellers: Empowerment and Inclusion in British Society for Policy Press in 2012. She has talked about her research internationally, upon invitation by the OSCE in Warsaw in 2010, in March 2015, invited the British Embassy in Romania to take part in a human rights debate in Bucharest on representation of Roma in the media and more recently in May 2016 she gave a visiting professor guest lecture at the Program on Negotiation at Harvard University.

Jo has discussed her research over the last 15 years in various print and broadcast media outlets, most notably on national BBC TV breakfast news. She has also worked with the All Party Parliamentary Group on Roma, Gypsies and Travellers, particularly with Baroness Whitaker and the late Lord Avebury who hosted her ESRC seminar in the House of Lords in 2013.

Government and Housing in a Time of Crisis: Policy, Planning, Design and Delivery

Session 2.2 13:30 - 15:00

People, Experiences and Exclusion The experiences of homeless families Geraldine Regan University of Huddersfield Abstract The aims of this research study are to gain an understanding of the experiences of Families who are homeless. It is hoped to identify how government and local government policy and legislation impacts on homeless families The research project is a two sited study in Ireland and England, that could provide useful insights into families experiences of homelessness, and into the policy and legislative responses in both jurisdictions. Using a qualitative participatory research methodology the author has interviewed a range of homeless families living in Ireland and England. Legislation in both countries is similar and both countries have similar structures for public administration as well as shared political histories.

The definition by the UK government of homelessness as outlined by the Department for Communities and Local Government (2015) reflects this view: The term ‘homelessness’ is considered to apply only to people ‘sleeping rough’. Most statistics on homelessness relate to those who are considered statutorily homeless i.e. households which meet specific criteria of priority need set out in legislation, and to whom a homelessness duty has been accepted by a local authority. Such households are rarely homeless in the literal sense of being without a roof over their heads, but are more likely to be threatened with the loss of their current accommodation. The legislation governing homelessness in England including the Housing Act (1977), the Housing Act (1996), and the Homelessness Act (2002), places a legislative duty on local housing authorities to ensure that they provide free advice and assistance to households who are homeless or threatened with homelessness.

Legislation governing homelessness in Ireland includes the Health Act, 1953, the Childcare Act, 1991, the Housing Act 1988, and the Housing (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 2009 which established statutory structures for homelessness, including a consultative forum and a statutory committee. The 1988 Act does not oblige housing authorities to provide housing to people who are homeless, however it does give responsibility to the local authorities to consider the their needs; it also enables the local authorities to expand their powers to respond to the needs of people who are homeless.

This study will provide valuable insights into the structural factors impacting on homeless families in Ireland and England including problems with the definition of homelessness, housing market shortages, the operation of the housing system, and lack of integration across various government services as well as the unintended consequences of wider policy.

Author(s) Biography Geraldine Regan is a Senior Lecturer in Childhood Studies in the University of Huddersfield. She is currently studying for an Education Doctorate in the University of Huddersfield and she holds a BA in Public Management and an MA in Healthcare Management. Geraldine worked for many years as Deputy Chief Executive and Director of Nursing in a Children’s Hospital and worked for over twenty years with homeless people in a voluntary capacity in the charitable sector.

18

8th September

John Foster Building Liverpool John Moores University

Government and Housing in a Time of Crisis: Policy, Planning, Design and Delivery

Session 2.2 13:30 - 15:00

People, Experiences and Exclusion Notes

19

8th September

John Foster Building Liverpool John Moores University

Government and Housing in a Time of Crisis: Policy, Planning, Design and Delivery

Session 2.2 13:30 - 15:00

People, Experiences and Exclusion Notes

20

8th September

John Foster Building Liverpool John Moores University

Government and Housing in a Time of Crisis: Policy, Planning, Design and Delivery

8th September

John Foster Building Liverpool John Moores University

Session 3.1 15:15 - 16:45

Design, Planning and Proposals Do it Ourself Charles Holland University of Brighton / Ordinary Architecture

“Yet another apartment block…?!”

A critique of housing provision in cities, and qualities that make urban houses desirable Charlie Smith Liverpool John Moores University

Abstract

Abstract

The paper will speculate on the role of self-determination and dwellercontrol in relation to housing. Specifically it will examine the history of self and custom-build as alternatives to current models of housing delivery. Drawing on the writing of Colin Ward in particular, the paper will argue that as well as offering a valid form of folk architecture through creative interpretation of normative housing, self-build models can be an important part of a collective response to the current housing crisis.

The paper will draw on a history of examples ranging from inter-war Plotlands developments to Viennese settlement communities to houses designed using the Walter Segal method, arguing that the success of these models has often been ignored by architects and planners for reasons of aesthetic or class prejudice. A history of self-build and DIY offers an alternative history of architecture where dwellers adapt, modify, amend and design their own environments. The results offer both aesthetic and philosophical challenges to mainstream architecture, capable of resulting in new models of housing.

Drawing on my own work as an Architect, the paper will suggest ways that the individual creative anarchy of such projects can be tied to wider, more collective ambitions. Following Ward’s pioneering studies of selfdetermined communities, it will argue that these can be part of a wider and more significant response to the problem of how to house people affordably and sustainably today. In doing so, the paper will also attempt to establish a bridge between state provision and individual agency, seeing these as potentially reinforcing rather than oppositional. Current orthodoxies arguing that ‘individuality’ can only be nurtured via neoliberal deregulation will be contrasted with examples where the state has enabled creative agency.

The paper will suggest a new role for the state and local authorities in recognizing the importance of dweller-control and self-build models, encouraging new and alternative models of housing.

Author(s) Biography

Over the last two decades city-living has transformed many UK urban areas beyond recognition, and urban dwelling has become an ingrained part of our culture. However, with developers providing woefully limited choice, options to live in these places are restricted to those whose needs are catered for by a very small range of dwelling types; for example, less than 2 per cent of dwellings in central Manchester aren’t flats. Consequently both demographic diversity and variety in the urban fabric are being severely undermined, much to their detriment.

Cities are desirable places because of their rich tapestry, and flats are an essential thread composing that weave. This presentation argues, however, that the types of dwelling being built for a city’s population should be broadened, thus addressing a Hobson’s choice of one- and two-bedroom apartments and student flats. In doing so, the urban grain will be richer, there will be more choice for those already residing in urban places, and other demographics may be attracted to live there.

After identifying the characteristics that make houses distinct as a typology – such as the disposition of private outdoor space and the configuration of thresholds between public and private realms – these attributes are analysed in a discussion about the qualities that make houses appropriate in the particular context of urban areas. These theoretical concepts are illustrated by exemplary precedents, recent and past, which are dissected to illustrate their key qualities. Collectively these offer principles to consider in future urban house designs.

Building houses in cities is contentious, however, and plagued with challenges such as scale, contextuality and affordability; indeed, houses have been built within cities in dreadfully inappropriate ways. Often, the presentation shows, this is a combination of poor design and planning; cautionary tales over matters such as density and massing are, therefore, also told.

Author(s) Biography

Charles Holland is an Architect, academic and writer. He is currently Adjunct Professor of Architecture at the University of Brighton where he is researching the relationship of academia and practice.

Charles is also a practicing Architect. He is a co-founding director of Ordinary Architecture and was previously a director of FAT for over fifteen years.

Charles has designed a number of award-winning buildings including Islington Square in Manchester, a development of 23 new houses designed in close-collaboration with the future residents and A House For Essex, FAT’s creative collaboration with the artist Grayson Perry. He is currently working on a housing project for a rural site in Wiltshire, as well as others in London and Hereford.

His activities at the University of Brighton cover experimental rural housing and research into alternatives to current housing development and provision. He has written extensively about housing focusing on issues of taste, owner-adaptation and self-build models. He is particularly interested in the relation between political policy and architecture and spatial design.

21

Dr. Smith is a Senior Lecturer in Architecture at Liverpool John Moores University.

In the both the undergraduate and postgraduate studios he has run design and research projects dealing specifically with contemporary housing design in urban areas. He has pioneered new approaches to research that incorporate student project work as a central element within the methodology.

His doctoral thesis studied ways in which to dramatically improve the sustainability of housing in UK cities. In this work the term “sustainability” encompassed a broad church, including issues such as affordability and space standards. All of these factors were identified as interconnected, and the thesis proposed that they must be considered holistically, and never in isolation.

Dr. Smith has also worked as a consultant on a range of progressive housing projects, working collaboratively with architectural practices. This work has included winning and shortlisted projects in national and international housing design competitions.

Government and Housing in a Time of Crisis: Policy, Planning, Design and Delivery

Session 3.1 15:15 - 16:45

Design, Planning and Proposals Understanding the persistence of stalled residential housing development sites Aisling McCourt & Philip Brown University of Salford Abstract Announced in 2014, the Greater Manchester Devolution Agreement provides for a ÂŁ300m Housing Fund affording new ways of unlocking the delivery of housing across Greater Manchester. Where national programmes have failed to deliver the additional housing necessary to meet housing demand in Greater Manchester, the Housing Fund is expected to provide the opportunity to invest in locally prioritised schemes and give the flexibility required to stimulate the market, accelerate growth and increase housing supply. As a result, there is now demand for Greater Manchester local authorities to identify housing schemes which can benefit from this investment and bring forward sites which have previously been held up.

Drawing upon a study of stalled residential housing development sites in Tameside, Greater Manchester, this paper seeks to examine the persistence of stalled sites and to understand why schemes with planning approval have failed to progress. The research upon which this paper is based aimed to unpick the issues behind these delayed developments and also critically examine the criteria for determining whether a site is stalled. The evidence from Tameside suggests that small developers, with relatively modest stalled development units, rely on access to finance and improvements in the housing market for sites to progress. Through a mixed methods approach, including the analysis of local authority planning data and consultation with owners of a stalled site, the reasons for unimplemented planning permissions are explored.

This paper will propose how the learning from the study will optimise Tameside’s position in contributing to residential growth across Greater Manchester, both in identifying a pipeline of viable stalled housing development sites to bring forward with investment, as well as understanding how the role of the local authority can support developers in the advancement of these sites.

Author(s) Biography Aisling is a researcher based within the Sustainable Housing & Urban Studies Unit (SHUSU) at The University of Salford. She is an experienced social and economic researcher, having worked in research roles at the Northwest Regional Development Agency, Rochdale Borough Council and, more recently, with Tameside Metropolitan Borough Council and the Association of Greater Manchester Authorities.

Her research interests spans across housing and urban studies, and has involved research into vulnerable groups, empty homes and engaging with hard-to-reach communities. In 2015, Aisling completed a two year Innovate UK funded Knowledge Transfer Partnership on the phenomenon of empty homes and empty home ownership across Greater Manchester.

The study was subsequently graded outstanding by Innovate UK. Her more recent research has included a joint study with Salford Business School into creative entrepreneurial start-ups across Manchester; evaluating a local authority intensive keyworker progamme for families with complex needs; and understanding fire risks associated with cultural aspects of Black and Minority Ethnic, Faith and Migrant communities.

Philip is Professor of Social Change, Director of the Centre for Applied Research in Health, Welfare and Policy (CARe) and Director of the Sustainable Housing & Urban Studies Unit at The University of Salford. He has led and delivered a wide range of projects for the private and public sector, charitable bodies and European Commission. These projects typically aim to identify and assess the impact of specific policy initiatives over a variety of topic areas. He has broad research interests having worked in fields as diverse as social inclusion, migration, homelessness, fuel poverty, energy efficiency and regeneration. Philip is a Chartered Psychologist of the British Psychological Society.

22

8th September

John Foster Building Liverpool John Moores University

Government and Housing in a Time of Crisis: Policy, Planning, Design and Delivery

Session 3.1 15:15 - 16:45

Design, Planning and Proposals Notes

23

8th September

John Foster Building Liverpool John Moores University

Government and Housing in a Time of Crisis: Policy, Planning, Design and Delivery

Session 3.1 15:15 - 16:45

Design, Planning and Proposals Notes

24

8th September

John Foster Building Liverpool John Moores University

Government and Housing in a Time of Crisis: Policy, Planning, Design and Delivery

8th September

John Foster Building Liverpool John Moores University

Session 3.2 15:15 - 16:45

Place, Community and Identity A passion for place: neighbourhood planning and community attitudes to house-building Quintin Bradley Leeds Beckett University

The Learning City and the University of the Neighbourhoods (UoN) – a documentation of making new forms of agencies available Dominique Peck, Bernd Knies, Christopher Dell & Anna Richter HafenCity University Hamburg

Abstract

Abstract

State strategies of localism have promoted place identity and place attachment as mechanisms to overcome community resistance to house-building. This populist appeal to a passion for place may conflict with the model of liberalised housing growth fostered by state interventions in spatial policy. Place attachment is firmly associated with feelings of collective efficacy and the protests of communities against economic development. In attempting to harness these passions to engage communities in acceptance of new house-building, the policy of neighbourhood planning introduced in England from 2011 was innovative and experimental. It devolved limited powers to communities to shape development in their neighbourhood in the anticipation that this would secure their compliance with a pro-growth agenda and increase the number of sites allocated for housing. The aim of this paper is to explore how a passion for place was expressed in neighbourhood planning and to chart the impact of narratives of place on community support for house-building. It draws on the body of housing policy developed across England by neighbourhoods since 2011 and on fieldwork research with a national sample of 50 neighbourhood plans carried out between 2013 and 2015. The paper argues that the mobilization of place attachment and place identity in neighbourhood planning created opportunities for communities to advance new socially and environmentally sustainable housing solutions that conflicted with the market model of housebuilding. This, in turn, unsettled the depiction of citizens’ groups as protectionist and opposed to all economic growth and demonstrated the power of place to generate more democratic inclusion in the politics of the home. The paper concludes that the passions of place might point the way to new approaches to housing supply that engage communities in needs assessment, planning, design and delivery.

Author(s) Biography

Our paper consists of three parts. Part one reflects on urban forms of knowledge in the making. From 2007-2013 the research and teaching programme Urban Design ran an experiment in urbanism as part of the International Building Exhibition 2013 Hamburg (IBA). IBA offered monetary resources and a lot with a derelict building. Contracted to return the empty lot to Hamburg’s housing programme, the UoN’s team tackled questions about capacities, superposition, uncertainties, luxury and economy in the residual use of the building. The Learning City served as a »strategic hypothesis« (Lefebvre 2014, p. 7) based on the noticeable tendency that a variety of actors tries to encourage an entrepreneurialism recoupling them with their own relevance in the city.

The challenge of such an experiment is to render urban potentialities visible as an end of trajectories towards the strategic hypothesis of the Learning City. Consequently the first part of the paper presents findings from translating the experiment on site into political and administrative arenas articulating agencies beyond well-rehearsed practices of participation in urban development processes.

Part two adresses urban development as a disposition. Through the UoN its team was reporting to, sometimes sitting at the table with and enrolling leaders in urban development processes. Researching into current episodes of urban development the team can emphasize Keller Easterling’s (2014, p. 21) argument that »detecting and developing the active forms that shape disposition is an essential skill of urbanists«.

What unfolds opening the mere blackboxes of urban development processes are dispositions comprised of highly complex actor-networks and an aesthetic and political repertoire unfamiliar to most urbanists.

In part three the paper concludes by reassembling insights from part one and two around the motif of designing abilities to transform agencies immanent to objects and organisations more open to the reality of urban processes than any preconceived form of interaction.

Author(s) Biography

Dr. Quintin Bradley is a Senior Lecturer in Planning and Housing, and leads post-graduate study in planning, housing and regeneration at the School of Built Environment & Engineering, Leeds Beckett University.

He is active in research in the fields of housing studies, community engagement, and social policy. Quintin’s PhD was a study of the English tenants’ movement and its impact on social housing policy, a research project that combined social movement theory with housing studies and was based on significant community research. His work has been published in peer reviewed international journals and he has contributed a monograph on the tenants’ movement published by Routledge in 2014.

He continues to pursue research into housing campaigns, community economies, and social movements and is currently leading a research project examining the democratic practices and changes in governance arising from neighbourhood planning. As a practitioner he has extensive experience in community involvement and has worked for residentled organisations, as well as local housing authorities and housing associations. He has been active in campaigns and social movements and has a background as an investigative journalist.

Bernd Kniess is an architect and urban planner. He lives and works in Hamburg. Since 2008 he is professor of urban design at HafenCity University Hamburg, where he is currently the dean of the new master program Urban Design. He was the head of the project University of the Neighbourhoods, the practice phase of which lasted from 2008-2014 and is still being continued to be researched. He is a member of the Northrhein-Westfalian Academy of the Sciences and Arts since 2009.

Christopher Dell (Dr. habil.) works as theoretician and composer in Berlin and Hamburg. Dell holds a PhD in Organisation Psychology and a habilitation in cultural studies. He currently holds a position as Professor for Urban Design Theory at HafenCity University Hamburg. Previously, he taught at the University of Fine Arts Berlin, the Technical University Munich, Architectural Association London. He was part of the project University of the Neighbourhoods from 2008-2010.

Dominique Peck is working in the field of urban design. Based in Hamburg he frequently joins changing collectives of professionals in architecture, art, design, theater, music and economics for different projects. Since October 2015 he is an academic staff member at the research and teaching field Urban Design at HCU Hamburg.

Anna Richter studied Sociology and English Literature in Bremen and New York before undertaking PhD research into the ‘politics of participation’ in the European Capital of Culture 2008, Liverpool. Now based in Hamburg, she teaches qualitative methods in the Urban Design Programme at HCU and is currently researching the notion of the ‘social’ in contemporary urban design discourse and practice. She is also a member of the Editorial Board of CITY: analysis of urban trends, culture, theory, policy, action.

25

Government and Housing in a Time of Crisis: Policy, Planning, Design and Delivery

8th September

John Foster Building Liverpool John Moores University

Session 3.2 15:15 - 16:45

Place, Community and Identity Pretty Vacant: Understanding the persistence of empty homes in the UK Philip Brown, Danielle Butler, Marie Griffiths, John Hughes, Aisling McCourt & Lisa Scullion University of Salford Abstract The Joseph Rowntree Foundation estimate that by 2022 there will be a national shortage of 1.1 million homes (JRF, 2011). House building clearly has an important role to play in meeting this need. However, at the same time the Government reports that in England, at the autumn of 2015, there were 200,000 homes there had been empty for over 6 months and over 600,000 empty homes in total. Although housing markets need empty homes in localities in order to function correctly, taking advantage of the presence of these dwellings and avoiding confrontations over planning permissions should be a key objective to reduce the need to build and more rapidly tackle housing need. However, the persistence of empty homes appears fraught with complexity. Shelter (2011) suggest that empty homes in particular parts of the North of England are so severely affected by disrepair and unfitness that a high proportion of the properties will never fulfil any useful purpose. Others argue that the desire for a property owning democracy has led to the speculative purchasing of empty homes by landlords whose management of these properties has led to the breakdown in the fabric of local communities leaving properties deteriorating and uncared for (Collinson, 2011).

This paper reports on work undertaken over three separate projects each of which has sought to understand the persistence of empty homes, map the systems in place for dealing with returning empty homes back to use and propose changes to how empty homes are dealt with.

In particular, this paper will detail the findings arising from interviews and focus groups of empty home owners. It will describe how home owners came to own the property, their experiences of owning the home, the challenges they face and their aspirations for the property. In closing the paper will describe steps that can be taken in order to return properties back into housing Author(s) Biography Philip Brown is Professor of Social Change, Director or the Centre for Applied Research in Health, Welfare and Policy (CARe) and Director of the Sustainable Housing & Urban Studies Unit at the University of Salford. He has led and delivered a wide range of projects for the private and public sector, charitable bodies and European Commission. These projects typically aim to identify and assess the impact of specific policy initiatives over a variety of topic areas. He has broad research interests having worked in fields as diverse as social inclusion, migration, homelessness, fuel poverty, energy efficiency and regeneration.

Danielle Butler is a doctoral student within the Sustainable Housing & Urban Studies Unit, University of Salford with interests in behavioural and environmental psychology, fuel poverty, housing and social inequalities, and qualitative research methods. Danielle completed her undergraduate dissertation in collaboration with the Greater Manchester Empty Homes Knowledge Transfer Partnership in which her research explored the experiences of empty home ownership. This project was selected as the 2014 winner of the Jonathan Sime Award; a national award that recognises a significant contribution to the field of people-environment research in an undergraduate dissertation. Danielle recently completed an MSc

by Research in which her project examined the attitudes and experiences of fuel poverty among non-student, young adult households.

Dr. Marie Griffiths is a Reader and Director of the Centre for Digital Business.

Marie has significant experience gained working on varied digital research projects which have explored the commercial and societal implications of technological change. Marie’s current research agenda focuses upon young people and digital media, exploring their behaviour in virtual spaces, their roles as ‘prosumers’ in social networking sites, the extensive media hubs that now surround even very young children and understanding the potential consequences of this digital saturation.

John Hughes is the Principal Housing Strategy Officer at Tameside Council and graduate of the University of Salford. Specific interests include how local 26

authorities can integrate Psychology and behavioural insight to inform housing policy and practice, specifically in the field of empty and vacant property and stalled housing development sites. John was lead supervisor on a knowledge Transfer Partnership in collaboration with the Sustainable Housing and Urban Studies Unit which explored the reasons for empty home ownership and their impact on Neighbourhoods in Tameside.

Aisling McCourt is a researcher based within the Sustainable Housing & Urban Studies Unit (SHUSU) at The University of Salford. She is an experienced social and economic researcher, having worked in research roles at the Northwest Regional Development Agency, Rochdale Borough Council and, more recently, with Tameside Metropolitan Borough Council and the Association of Greater Manchester Authorities. Her research interests spans across housing and urban studies, and has involved research into vulnerable groups, empty homes and engaging with hard-to-reach communities. In 2015, Aisling completed a two year Innovate UK funded Knowledge Transfer Partnership on the phenomenon of empty homes and empty home ownership across Greater Manchester.

The study was subsequently graded outstanding by Innovate UK. Her more recent research has included a joint study with Salford Business School into creative entrepreneurial start-ups across Manchester; evaluating a local authority intensive keyworker progamme for families with complex needs; and understanding fire risks associated with cultural aspects of Black and Minority Ethnic, Faith and Migrant communities.

Dr. Lisa Scullion is Reader in Social Policy and Associate Director of the Sustainable Housing & Urban Studies Unit (SHUSU) at the University of Salford.

She has led a range of projects focussing on social welfare and multiply excluded groups. Her background is in Social Policy and has specific research experience across a range of subjects within the domain of social exclusion. More specifically, her research focuses on welfare reforms, homelessness and migrant communities. She is currently part of a large ESRC grant ‘Welfare Conditionality’ which seeks to explore the impact of welfare sanctions on welfare service users.

Government and Housing in a Time of Crisis: Policy, Planning, Design and Delivery

Session 3.2 15:15 - 16:45

Place, Community and Identity Notes

27

8th September

John Foster Building Liverpool John Moores University

Government and Housing in a Time of Crisis: Policy, Planning, Design and Delivery

Session 3.2 15:15 - 16:45

Place, Community and Identity Notes

28

8th September

John Foster Building Liverpool John Moores University

Government and Housing in a Time of Crisis: Policy, Planning, Design and Delivery

Evening Session 18:00 - 20:00

Cross Sector Housing Debate Notes

29

8th September

John Foster Building Liverpool John Moores University

Government and Housing in a Time of Crisis: Policy, Planning, Design and Delivery

9th September Schedule

John Foster Building Liverpool John Moores University

Morning Session 9:00 - 9:30

Registration Everyman Theatre

9:30 - 11:00

Session 1.1

Session 1.2

Room 1 | chair: Simon Tucker International Perspectives. Part I

Room 2 | chair: Ian Wroot International Perspectives. Part II

Piyush Tiwari Alternative housing paradigms in BRICS countries

Frances Holliss Rethinking Housing: home as workplace

Barbara Ascher Housing – the Oslo case

Roberto Ruggiero, Daniela Mello & Massimo Perriccioli Beyond social housing Urban regeneration of public housing in southern Italy

Nilay Ünsal Gülmez How to Utilize Housing for Integration: Housing Narratives of Asylum Seekers in Istanbul (Virtual Presentation)

Ö. Burcu Özdemir Sari & Esma Aksoy Excess Production, Rising Prices and Declining Affordability: Turkish Housing Experience (Virtual Presentation)

11:00 - 11:15

Break

11:15 - 12:45

Session 2.1

Session 2.2

Session 2.3

Room 1 | chair: Rob MacDonald Alternatives - Design - Approaches

Room 2 | chair: Ian Wroot International Perspectives. Part III

Room 3 | chair: Jamie Scott Practice – Case Studies

Laura Galluzzo New Models of Temporary Living: “Double Skin” Interiors (Virtual Presentation)

Özen Eyüce Architecture of Bigness and NeoLiberalist Policies in Housing Provision in Istanbul (Virtual Presentation)

Anthony Boanada-Fuchs Strengths & weaknesses of the Brazilian affordable housing program (Virtual Presentation)

12:45 - 13:45

Ella Harris & Mel Nowicki Precarious Times, Pop-up Solutions?

The Place/Ladywell Housing Experiment

Harshita Deo Government Initiatives for Housing in India

Zohra Chiheb How to grow community-led development in the UK – a call for the Professional Independent Enabler

Joanne Hudson & Aliki-Myrto Perysinaki Learning from Increments: Towards a Sustainable Design Strategy for Housing

Anubhav Pradhan & Neha Lal Liveability, design, and illegality: notes on state-sponsored housing in contemporary Delhi

Joe Kerr The object of my affection: distinguishing housing need from housing desire

Session 3.1

Session 3.2

Session 3.3

Room 1 | chair: Philip Lo Histories and Futures

Room 2 | chair: Gladys Masey-Martinez International Perspectives. Part IV

Room 3 | chair: Jamie Scott Design, Pedagogy and Practice

Ian Waites ‘Spontaneous estate evolution’: Community, Artistic Practice and Reverie on a 1960s English Council Estate

María José Ferrero Ibargüen Industrial Waste Materials and its application in the Design of Social Housing Research case of study: Electropart Cordoba S.A. Company

Luis Diaz Between History and the Future: Experiments in housing and pedagogy

Lunch break

Everyman Theatre

Afternoon Session 13:45 - 15:15

Rob MacDonald & Bill Halsall Houses as Memory MaryAnn Ray A New “Unofficial” Hybrid Housing and Community Model (Virtual Presentation)

Ilker Fatih Ozorhon & Guliz Ozorhon Housing Environment / Architectural Competitions / Problems, Potentials Oludele Albert Ajani Issues and perspectives of housing for older persons in Nigeria - In search of a tipping point (Virtual Presentation)

Eusebio Alonso & Valeriano SIerra Morillo New Housing Projects to Regenerate the District Jill Pable Through the lens of lived human experience: US case studies of supportive housing (Virtual Presentation)

15:15 - 15:30

Break

15:30 - 17:00

Session 4.1

Session 4.2

Room 1 | chair: Gladys Masey-Martinez Housing the Future – Student Projects 1

Room 2 | chair: Joanne Hudson & Aliki-Myrto Perysinaki Housing the Future – Student Projects 2

Katie Godding Capital Gains - How the value of housing as an asset is affecting civic diversity

Laura Sanderson, Alex Cook, Simina Ionescu & Adam Whiting Oddments and Epigrams: The Neighbourhood Planning Agenda in Bollington

Michael Durkin Using Material Flow Analysis to consider surface areas of housing stock in Sheffield for reusing material or retrofitting insulation

Alfie Peacock Social Constructs of Social Housing

Nicholas Woodward ‘Sustainability: a community project’

17:10 - 17:30

Closing Comments

17:30 - 19:00

Film | The Dilapidated Dwelling, Director: Patrick Keiller

Priyanka Shah A Taxi Exchange - Retirement Complex

Government and Housing in a Time of Crisis: Policy, Planning, Design and Delivery

9th September

John Foster Building Liverpool John Moores University

Session 1.1 9:30 - 11:00

International Perspectives. Part I Alternative housing paradigms in BRICS countries

Housing – the Oslo case

Piyush Tiwari University of Melbourne

Barbara Ascher The Oslo School of Architecture and Design

Abstract

Abstract

This paper is an attempt to investigate alternative development paradigms for urban housing that BRICS economies have adopted using institutional economics perspective. Cities of the developing world, and most famously those of the ‘BRICS’: Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa, are increasingly gaining importance in the global economy as ‘new engines of growth’. These are also the countries that are highly populated, have witnessed high levels of urbanization in short periods and face substantial housing problems. Despite starting with similar “initial” conditions prior to 1950s, these countries have adopted different housing development paradigms, as has been discussed in this paper, but the problem with access to decent housing has continued to persist. This paper is an attempt towards understanding of alternative perspectives for urban housing delivery, provisioning of affordable housing and slum upgrading using BRICS economies as lens and their housing institutional development over the period 1950-2015 as frame.

A conceptual framework proposed by Tiwari and Hingorani (2014) has been used for this purpose. The paper offers an analysis of affordable housing and slum upgrading processes, options and institutional linkages in BRICS countries. The roles of communities, NGOs and policy makers in the preparation and implementation of affordable housing and slum upgrading have also been examined.

The paper does not argue the case for specific causes and policy approaches but rather seeks to clarify the debates and explain the implications of each approach as it applies to specific aspects of processes of addressing inadequate housing. The problem of access to decent housing for all does not have any straight solution. Rather the search for answers leads to a complex web of processes involving market systems, institutional systems, financial systems, legal systems, economic systems, demographic systems, planning systems, and also the social systems. The paper is an attempt to investigate these processes in case of BRICS economies.

Author(s) Biography

A housing crisis is first and foremost portrayed as a quantitative problem – with very distinct qualitative issues: Norway´s real estate market is one of the most extreme in Europe, with a home-ownership rate of more than 80 % and one of the most deregulated housing systems. Housing prices and housing quality thus directly affect most people’s lives. Studying the urban development of the capital area of Oslo provides us with valuable insights how “housing crisis” produces and reproduces itself: More than mere architectural trends have land availability, financial models, income structures and tax breaks influenced the physical appearance of the built environment, almost cyclically producing dwellings of low quality, with little daylight or exclusively for the upper price range market.

The presentation/paper will thus take it starting point in the post-war period and trace these topics through several large-scale housing projects such as the first stepped apartment blocks built by private developed Selvaag in the late 1960 in the west of Oslo, the Ammerud project from the same decade in the East of Oslo to the last project before the neo-liberalturn in the 1980´s: the Hallagerbakken housing project by the cooperative housing association OBOS. Compared to the contemporary redevelopments at the harbourfront such as Tjuvholmen and Sørenga we see both significant changes in density and materials, but as well organizational models and modes of financing.

What could we learn from this projects and processes that will help us to prevent further housing crisis in the future? How could we preserve architectural quality and simultaneously provide the required number of dwellings?

Dr. Piyush Tiwari is Professor of Property at University of Melbourne, Australia. He has worked extensively on housing development issues and has published his work as journal articles and books. His books include of India Infrastructure Report 2011 on Water (Oxford University Press, 2012).

‘India’s Reluctant Urbanisation: Thinking Beyond (Palgrave, 2015)’ and ‘The Towers of New Capital: Mega Townships in India (Palgrave, 2016)’.

31

Author(s) Biography Barbara Elisabeth Ascher, born in Germany, was trained as an architect and urban planner at Bauhaus University in Weimar and the Oslo School of Architecture with a scholarship from the German National Academic Foundation. She has worked as an architect in award-winning offices in Egypt, Austria and Germany, before she moved to Norway after her graduation in 2006.

Her professional experience includes exhibition projects, housing schemes, cultural centers to experimental public spaces for architects Helen & Hard and the multidisciplinary office Rodeo from Oslo, as well as experience from the public sector working mostly on large-scale redevelopment schemes of former oil-related industrial areas closely linked to her engagement in the sustainability network “fremtidens byer” in Stavanger.

She is currently finishing her PhD at the Oslo School of Architecture and Design. Her research is part of the EU-funded project on “Scarcity and Creativity in the Built Environment” and focuses on the design and process of social housing provisions in the Norwegian welfare state. She has been editor of special issues on the topic for Planum and e-archidoct. Her research has been published internationally in Architecture & Design, Nordic Journal of Architecture, as well as the Journal of Architecture.

Government and Housing in a Time of Crisis: Policy, Planning, Design and Delivery

Session 1.1 9:30 - 11:00

International Perspectives. Part I How to Utilize Housing for Integration: Housing Narratives of Asylum Seekers in Istanbul Nilay Ünsal Gülmez Bahcesehir University Abstract Turkey as a country that signed Geneva Convention in 1961 and approved the Geneva Pact on the legal status of refugees, so far sustains the geographical restriction policy provided that only asylum seekers from the European countries can be recognized refugee status. Syrian asylum seekers have been provided temporary protection status in 2014 entitling them certain rights in terms of health, education and access to working. Even though recently integration attempts and policies have come to the agenda of the government, housing and dwelling conditions do not take place among them.

A Refugee Housing Coordinatorship has been established in Turkey in 1990 following the massive migration wave from Bulgaria and its duty has been transferred to TOKI (Mass Housing Administration) in 2004.

However, TOKI provided refugee housing for only refugees of Turkish origin. It is important to state that there is no social housing system in Turkey, TOKI produces comparably cheap housing units (mostly in the outskirts of cities) for lower income groups upon affordable prices but does not provide rental units. Yet Syrian refugees are vulnerable in the housing market and they are subjected to savage/turbulent neoliberal urban renewal policies. Depending on their financial situation some are temporarily accommodating in abandoned houses to be demolished in urban renewal areas, some gather in comparably cheaper neighborhoods in search for solidarity also creating the risk of ghettoization, and some are considered as novel actors/potential buyers that would stimulate the construction market in Turkey as the impetus for economic growth. This paper, after giving an overview of the housing policy of Turkey for refugees aims at sharing the findings of a qualitative inquiry carried out with Syrian refugees from different socio-economic strata who dwell in different neighborhoods of Istanbul to unfold their experiences in terms of housing access and reveal their survival tactics.

The paper will conclude with some inferences on how to utilize housing as a part of integration policy.

Author(s) Biography Received her degree in architecture from Middle East Technical University in 1997; completed her graduate studies M. Sc. (2000) and Ph.D. (2008) in Architectural Design at Istanbul Technical University. Her Ph.D. thesis titled ‘Diversified Households in Metropolis and Housing’ focuses on social and physical needs, wants and expectations of alternative/nontraditional household types in relation to housing. Joined Bahcesehir University (BAU) in 2005 and currently works as an assistant professor at BAU, Faculty of Architecture and Design. Main research interests include ontological aspects of dwelling, housing studies, theory and history of design, gender and space, place-making practices. Her work appeared in Woman/Kadin, Megaron, METU Journal of Faculty of Architecture as well as others. Interested in interdisciplinary potentials of architecture and searches for in-between grounds focusing on social/ cultural aspects of dwelling and place-making. Teaches ‘Urban Housing’ course in graduate level since 2009, where students develop conceptual projects on ‘re-thinking dwelling’. Member of Executive Board of BAUMUS Center of Migration and Urban Studies which aims at empowering the interdisciplinary teamwork.

32

9th September

John Foster Building Liverpool John Moores University

Government and Housing in a Time of Crisis: Policy, Planning, Design and Delivery

Session 1.1 9:30 - 11:00

International Perspectives. Part I Notes

33

9th September

John Foster Building Liverpool John Moores University

Government and Housing in a Time of Crisis: Policy, Planning, Design and Delivery

Session 1.1 9:30 - 11:00

International Perspectives. Part I Notes

34

9th September

John Foster Building Liverpool John Moores University

Government and Housing in a Time of Crisis: Policy, Planning, Design and Delivery

9th September

John Foster Building Liverpool John Moores University

Session 1.2 9:30 - 11:00

International Perspectives. Part II Rethinking Housing: home as workplace

Beyond social housing. Urban regeneration of public housing in southern Italy

Frances Holliss London Metropolitan University

Roberto Ruggiero, Daniela Mello & Massimo Perriccioli University of Camerino & Polytechnic University of Milan

Abstract

Abstract

Contemporary UK housing is generally based on models developed at the start of the twentieth century in response to both extreme conditions in the East End slums and to Ebenezer Howard’s Town-Country Garden City idea (Holliss 2015). It provides space for people to cook, eat, bathe, sleep, bring up children and watch TV - nothing else (Holliss 2015).

In the context of the current rapid growth in home-based work, across the social spectrum and in a wide range of occupations, in the UK and globally (ONS 2014, Sinha 2006), this paper posits this is an outdated approach. It discusses historic ‘housing’ developments specifically designed to accommodate home-based work, in particular that of the poor, and contrasts these to contemporary social housing designed to prevent, and managed through tenancy agreements that prohibit, this working practice.

This paper argues that ingrained approaches to housing design, procurement and management impact negatively, in the twenty-first century, on the individual, the family, the neighbourhood, the economy and the environment. Interweaving themes of social, economic and environmental sustainability, and urban resilience, it presents two case studies from the Netherlands where non-standard design and procurement processes have resulted in housing that readily accommodates home-based work. It discusses facilitating conditions and asks whether these may be replicable and scaleable.

The first, a mixed-tenure co-housing scheme for musicians in Rotterdam, consists of 38 family houses, each with an associated music studio buried - for sound-proofing reasons - under a central grassy hill on which children play and residents socialise. The second is a large housing development in Lieden, master-planned by MVRDV, half self-built and half social housing. Homes designed to individual occupants’ requirements sit over collaboratively designed ground-works and shared garages. Many include workspace – from furniture repair workshop to photographic studio, corner shop to architects office.

Author(s) Biography

The public housing policies pursued in Europe in the 60s and late ‘80s have left a vast legacy of rapidly deteriorating and obsolete homes unfit to house their originally intended occupants and specially to provide adequate solutions in respect to inhabitants settled housing needs.

Partial and incomplete responses have arisen in reference to specific policies and constructive choices in place in several European countries.

In Italy, particularly in the south of the country, the effect of economic downturn requires a thinking that goes beyond the current strategy of social housing, in favor of an intervention on the wealth of pre-existing public housing in innovative way, not in order to encourage activities of gentrification but for better living quality - now very low - of settled populations.

SET_up is a design research in the field of urban regeneration of industrialized residential housing focused on South-Italy public settlements (ERP) carried out from the first of 1960s to the end of 1980s. Starting from a critical evaluation about the initial conditions (potentiality and criticality) and the impact that these settlements have shown in relation to social and territorial dynamics, the research aims to provide a catalogue of strategies and solutions suitable to different scales and several levels of complexity, verifying them through specific applications on real case-studies. SET_up introduces a methodology based on Open Building’s theory, thinking about the systemic industrial pattern of industrialized housing like a chance to replace some subsystems, rearrange the spaces, improve the environmental and energetic performances.

Case-studies are represented by the interventions (more than 20,000 lodgings, half of which of new construction made with industrialized processes, for an area of 550 hectares) carried out within the still emblematic context of the Extraordinary Residential Construction Plan (PSER) drawn up in Naples following the earthquake of 1980 and today, for its most part, become a slum within Europe heart.

Author(s) Biography

Frances Holliss is an architect and an academic in the Cass School of Architecture at London Metropolitan University. While training, she received the Sir Bannister Fletcher Prize and Medal for her Diploma at the Bartlett School of Architecture, and was the first female architect partner at Edward Cullinan Architects. Becoming interested in the building type that combines dwelling and workplace through her studio teaching, she completed a partly-ESRC-funded doctorate on the architecture of homebased work (‘The Workhome… a new building type?’) in 2007. Through a two-year AHRC-funded Knowledge Fellowship (2009-11), she developed an online open-access ‘workhome’ resource for designers and regulators, including a Design Guide, Pattern Book and Precedent Database (www. theworkhome.com). Holliss received AHRC Connected Communities funding to research home-based work in social housing in collaboration with a large East London housing trust, the University of Warwick and the University of Central Lancashire. Holliss has written widely on the architecture of home-based work, contributing journal articles, and chapters to edited editions, including the Routledge Handbook of Families in Asia (2015). Her sole-authored book ‘Beyond Live/Work: the architecture of home-based work’ (Routledge 2015) traces the history of the workhome, analyses its contemporary form and assesses its social, architectural and urban potential.

Roberto Ruggiero (Napoli, ITA, 1969), architect, PhD, contract professor in “Architectural Technology” at the “Eduardo Vittoria” School of Architecture and Design at the University of Camerino’s Ascoli Piceno Campus. He teaches “Design of Building Systems” and “Technological Culture of Architecture”. R.R conducts research regarding social and affordable housing sector with particular reference to design methodologies, technological innovation and environmental design. He is member of Italian Scientific Society of Technology of Architecture (SITdA). His latest publication in the field of “housing” is: “Made in Social Housing”, Aracne Editrice, Roma, 2015.

Daniela Mello (Napoli, ITA, 1975), architect, PhD, contract professor in “Urban design and Planning” at the School of Architecture and Society of the Polytechnic of Milan. D.M. conducts research in the fields of affordable housing, real estate and community planning with a specific interest in the analysis of the interdisciplinary relationships between these areas of studies. She is member of the Board of directors of Urb.It srl that coordinates the annual scientific Italian conference “Urbanpromo social housing”. Her latest publication in the field of “housing” is: “Social housing: a new home living model. The ongoing experimentation between integration of knowledge and practices”, in Techné, Journal of Technology for Architecture and Environment n.8 (Firenze: Firenze University press).

Massimo Perriccioli (Torre del Greco, ITA, 1958), architect, PhD, full professor in “Architectural Technology” at the “Eduardo Vittoria” School of Architecture and Design at the University of Camerino’s Ascoli Piceno Campus. He teaches “Design of Building Systems” and “Technological Culture of Architecture”. M.P. conducts research in the field of technological innovation and environmental design, specifically focusing on the testing of strategies and design methodologies for architecture in emergency, micro-architecture, temporary architecture and for residential buildings with low-cost, low energy consumption, based on the use of lightweight construction and prefabricated systems. He is member of managing board of Italian Scientific Society of Technology of Architecture (SITdA). His latest publication in the field of “housing” is: “Re_Cycling Social Housing. Ricerche per la rigenerazione sostenibile dell’edilzia residenziale sociale”, CLEAN, Napoli, 2015.

35

Government and Housing in a Time of Crisis: Policy, Planning, Design and Delivery

Session 1.2 9:30 - 11:00

International Perspectives. Part II Excess Production, Rising Prices and Declining Affordability: Turkish Housing Experience Ö. Burcu Özdemir Sari & Esma Aksoy Middle East Technical University Abstract Turkish housing experience differs from the European experience in many respect. The housing stock in Turkey has been formed fundamentally through private investments. Public housing similar to European examples never existed, and public intervention in the housing sector has been negligible until the very recent years. Home ownership has always been encouraged by governments whereas rental sector has been almost entirely ignored. Despite the lack of a comprehensive housing policy and housing finance system, the country has displayed significantly high levels of housing production.

After the elections of 2002, in contrary to the trends seen in many other countries, the public sector in Turkey has become a direct actor in housing production. In this period, construction was seen as the leading sector in economic growth. The government in office has started a country wide housing mobilization action which is justified by owneroccupied housing provision for low-income families. This policy has also triggered private sectors’ housing production and in 2014 annual new housing starts exceeded one million dwelling units. Today, existing housing stock is almost 20 per cent in excess of existing households.

Currently, the pace of the housing production in the country continues to rise, though, the issue of affordability becomes more problematic than ever due to rising house prices and lack of affordability policies. In this study, employing Income and Living Conditions Survey and Household Budget Survey of Turkish Statistical Institute, an attempt is made to compare changes in housing production with changes in housing affordability in the last 15 years. In this context, housing production performance of the country and the reasons behind this performance are also discussed.

Author(s) Biography Ö. Burcu ÖZDEMİR SARI is currently an Assistant Professor in the Department of City and Regional Planning at the Middle East Technical University in Turkey. She completed her Ph.D. at the Technical University of Dortmund, Faculty of Spatial Planning and her undergraduate and graduate studies at Middle East Technical University, City and Regional Planning Department. Her research interests lie in the area of housing studies, housing policy, urban studies and urban economics. Currently, she is the instructor for ‘Principles of Housing’ and ‘Urban Economics for Planners’ courses in the City and Regional Planning Department undergraduate curriculum. At present, she is conducting a scientific research project titled ‘Analysis of Housing Affordability and Assessment of Different Affordability Measurement Methods’.

Esma AKSOY is presently a Research Assistant in the Department of City and Regional Planning at the Middle East Technical University (METU) in Turkey. She received her bachelor’s degree from METU where she still continues her graduate studies. She is interested in housing studies, urban economics, legal frameworks of urban policies and research methods and techniques in planning. Currently, she is assisting a scientific research project embodied in METU, titled as ‘Analysis of Housing Affordability and Assessment of Different Affordability Measurement Methods’.

36

9th September

John Foster Building Liverpool John Moores University

Government and Housing in a Time of Crisis: Policy, Planning, Design and Delivery

Session 1.2 9:30 - 11:00

International Perspectives. Part II Notes

37

9th September

John Foster Building Liverpool John Moores University

Government and Housing in a Time of Crisis: Policy, Planning, Design and Delivery

Session 1.2 9:30 - 11:00

International Perspectives. Part II Notes

38

9th September

John Foster Building Liverpool John Moores University

Government and Housing in a Time of Crisis: Policy, Planning, Design and Delivery

9th September

John Foster Building Liverpool John Moores University

Session 2.1 11:15 - 12:45

Alternatives - Design - Approaches New Models of Temporary Living: “Double Skin” Interiors

Precarious Times, Pop-up Solutions?

The Place/Ladywell Housing Experiment

Laura Galluzzo Polytechnic University of Milan

Ella Harris & Mel Nowicki University of London

Abstract

Abstract

In a world where living no longer resembles the sedentary nature of the past, where people live fluidly, moving and traveling for business, where living environments are more temporary and living locations change, living patterns are being transformed. In this scenario, the current economic crisis is another factor changing the way we live and how we design domestic spaces.

This research explores models of temporary accommodation and particularly temporary housing solutions at mega-events such as Expo, Olympics, major concerts, fairs, cultural, political and religious events, with particular attention to finding living solutions for the staff that works for the organization of events. The study also explores the related urban dimension and the response cities make to the growing demand for temporary accommodation linked mostly to large, but also medium-sized and smaller events.

More specifically, this research focuses on the interiors for temporary hospitality considering that their function may change quickly (for example: spaces first devoted to temporary housing during a major event as the Olympic Village are, after the event, used as permanent apartments) and that this eventual new use must be taken into account at the initial design phase. This is interior design with “double skin”: after using a first layer of furnishings and finished items, a second layer for a second use can quickly be implemented. In this sense the life cycle of an interior can be designed.

The key theme of the research has an operational application for Expo 2015 in Milan, thanks to the real project there of creating temporary living spaces for delegations and event staff in the Expo Village.

In the past decade pop-up has taken cities by storm. Pop-ups temporarily occupy vacant sites and are celebrated for their ephemeral, unpredictable ‘animation’ of the urban landscape. Until recently popup has been largely commercial; typified by pop-up bars, restaurants, cinemas and shops. However, in an austerity climate, the concept is being extended into the welfare sector, including proposals for pop-up legal aid clinics, libraries and courtrooms. Prominent within this emerging landscape is pop-up social housing. A report from the Greater London Authority recently pitched pop-up housing as “a London solution”. But what are the consequences of transposing the logics of ‘pop-up’ culture, where flux and unpredictability are celebrated, into the arena of social housing? Against this backdrop our paper explores Lewisham Council’s ‘pop-up’ housing scheme ‘PLACE/Ladywell’. One of the featured case studies in the GLA report, PLACE/Ladywell is pioneering pop-up social housing, temporarily housing people on the borough’s homelessness register. Lewisham is rapidly gentrifying, with various sites earmarked for redevelopment. PLACE/Ladywell provides pre-fabricated units that can be moved around the borough to make use of periods of vacancy between demolition and redevelopment. The scheme seeks to mitigate the impacts of London’s housing crisis at a time of drastic cuts to local government funding. And yet, there are concerns that pop-up housing will only further entrench and normalise precarity for lowincome Londoners. This paper addresses the key questions of a newly commissioned scoping study into Lewisham’s pop-up housing (funded by the Royal Holloway Research Strategy Grant). The study explores PLACE/ Ladywell, with a view to expanding our focus to consider pop-up housing and welfare more broadly. Methodologically, the study will use interactive documentary (i-Docs) as a participatory method to explore resident experiences. i-Docs are web-based forms of documentary film and an innovative geographical methodology. Their nonlinear format, where film sequences can be watched in multiple orders, makes iDocs well-suited to exploring the flux, uncertainty and unpredictability that typify housing in an era of austerity.

Author(s) Biography

Author(s) Biography Laura Galluzzo holds a PhD in Interior and Service Design, and is currently Fellow Researcher at the Design Department and Contract Professor at the School of Design of Politecnico di Milano. Her PhD research was about ‘temporary living’ especially in the contest of megaevents. The PhD involved a term as an exchange student at Middlesex University in London and one at TU Delft. In recent years she designed the interiors and services for the Expo Village for Expo Milan 2015, and she was the project manager of the last Cumulus Conference in Milan, The Virtuous Circle (June 2015). Now she is working at campUS, a Polisocial research project, and Human Cities, a European research projects; both of them dealing with the Design for Social Innovation field.

During the degree in Interior Design she studied as an exchange student at RISD in Providence, RI, USA. In 2008 she completed an internship as an interior designer in Paris, at CXT Architecture. After that, she worked for two years as a set designer for Sky tv with Bestudio, in Milan. She has also worked as a tutor on numerous workshops, classes and studios in Interior and Service design at Politecnico di Milano and other international schools of design. In 2013 she founded MyHoming with Angela Ponzini, a collaborative web platform designed to bring demand and supply of services together for (con)temporary inhabitants in order to make them feel at home even in a foreign context

39

Ella Harris is a PhD candidate in Social and Cultural Geography at Royal Holloway, University of London. Her work explores distributions and imaginations of space-time in London’s pop-up culture. She is especially interested in the relationship between pop-up and urban precarity. Her work uses interactive documentary as an innovative method to explore urban spatio-temporality. Ella has published on pop-up’s imaginaries of space-time (Geography Compass, 2015), immersive pop-up cinema (Journal of Urban Cultural Studies, 2016) and nonlinear spatiotemporal imaginaries in interactive documentary (Area, 2016). She has forthcoming publications on shipping container architectures (The Craft Economy) and the cultural geographies of precarity (Cultural Geographies).

Mel Nowicki is a PhD candidate in the Human Geography Department at Royal Holloway, University of London. Her research interests centre on austerity, social injustice and housing inequality in the UK. Mel’s doctoral research explores the impact of two Coalition housing policies, the ‘bedroom tax’ and the criminalisation of squatting, on low-income Londoners. She has also worked as a housing policy researcher for Citizens Advice. She has published work on housing in a variety of mediums, including peer-reviewed academic journals (Geography Compass and an upcoming special issue in Cultural Geographies), policyfaced reporting (Citizens Advice) and national media (The Guardian).

Government and Housing in a Time of Crisis: Policy, Planning, Design and Delivery

9th September

John Foster Building Liverpool John Moores University

Session 2.1 11:15 - 12:45

Alternatives - Design - Approaches Learning from Increments: Towards a Sustainable Design Strategy for Housing Joanne Hudson & Aliki-Myrto Perysinaki Liverpool John Moores University Abstract Incremental housing refers to flexible housing prototypes or ‘core’ housing, designed to grow over time. As a response to changing family structures and economies, incremental housing is a user led, adaptable mechanism that allows occupiers the freedom to enlarge the size and ameliorate the quality of housing in response to the demographic and economic changes of the households’ composition. The originality of this housing typology lies in the process rather than the final outcome.

Incremental housing has been adopted in developing areas as a mechanism to deal with poverty and empowerment and to increase social capital (Breimer and Napier, 2013; Pasel, 2014; Wakely, 2014).

However, far from being a regional phenomenon, incremental construction transcends political boundaries and involves different cultures and societies, as well as economic and political systems (Greene and Rojas, 2008; Wakely and Riley, 2011; Hamid and Mohamed Elhassan, 2014). In view of the growing interest in incremental housing as a proactive strategy to meet housing demand (Goethert, 2010; Global University Consortium, 2010; Aravena and Iacobelli, 2013; Cruz, 2013), this paper begins with a critical synthesis of previous incremental housing examples, from the 1980s to the present day, drawn from a variety of urban contexts. Illustrating the process(es) that led to their effective implementation, this paper questions how incremental practices can be used as a method to provide urban housing, encourage typological innovation, rethink the relationship between building and land provision and support appropriate city growth. In the current context of evolving policy frameworks regarding the provision of affordable housing in the UK (Heywood, 2016; Homes and Communities Agency, 2014) by drawing upon MArch studio projects from Liverpool John Moores University, this paper will open up debate concerning the potential of incremental housing as a sustainable design strategy, in dealing with the growing ‘housing crisis.’

Author(s) Biography Joanne Hudson is a Senior Lecturer at Liverpool John Moores University. She has worked as an Architect in a number of North West RIBA registered practices and holds a BA(Hons) and BArch in Architecture from The Manchester School of Architecture, an MA in Art as Environment and a PhD in Human and Cultural Geography from The Manchester Metropolitan University. Joanne’s academic interests are located at the intersection of Architecture, Planning and Geography. Her research focuses principally on the relationship between spatial planning practices and the production, (re)production and use of wastelands and derelict spaces - what she terms ‘informal spaces,’ and affordable housing strategies. Her current work questions how we can utilise the potential of informal spaces at various levels and spatial scales through the development of coordinated systems of land use planning, creative design and community capital. Furthermore, her housing research seeks to investigate the relationships between community groups and designers and the role that new design strategies have in providing viable affordable housing for the future. This research is intended to impel a critique of current planning and design practices, contributing to critical (re)understandings and (re)readings of the city whilst reassessing the way we value our urban environment.

40

Aliki-Myrto Perysinaki is a Senior Lecturer at Liverpool John Moores University and a Research Officer at the Royal institute of British Architects. She holds a MA in Architecture Engineering and a PostMasters in Conception, Space, Civilisation from the National Technical University of Athens, Greece, an MA in Historical Gardens, Cultural Heritage and Landscape from ENSA Versailles and Pantheon-Sorbonne University, France, and a PhD in Architecture and Urbanism from Paris West University Nanterre La Défense, France and Blekinge Institute of Technology, Sweden. Before joining LJMU, she worked at the ENSA Paris-La Villete, France and the University of Melbourne, Australia as a Post-Doctoral fellow. Aliki’s research deals with the influence of sustainable development on the architectural design process. Focusing on exemplar practices, building regulations and policies, she develops a critical understanding of architecture - as process and profession through what she defines as ‘Complexity’. Her current work examines the transformation of urbanscapes due to climatic change, the impact of devolution in spatial planning (Northern Powerhouse) and the potential of alternative housing typologies to provide affordable design. By dealing with different scales, her research aspires to observe the evolving character of the architectural profession in leading intra-disciplinary conception and negotiation through a project’s process. Aliki has recently won the Prize for Research and PhD in Architecture (Prix de la Recherche et de la Thèse de Doctorat en architecture), awarded by the Academy of Architecture (Académie d’Architecture) in France.

Government and Housing in a Time of Crisis: Policy, Planning, Design and Delivery

Session 2.1 11:15 - 12:45

Alternatives - Design - Approaches Notes

41

9th September

John Foster Building Liverpool John Moores University

Government and Housing in a Time of Crisis: Policy, Planning, Design and Delivery

Session 2.1 11:15 - 12:45

Alternatives - Design - Approaches Notes

42

9th September

John Foster Building Liverpool John Moores University

Government and Housing in a Time of Crisis: Policy, Planning, Design and Delivery

9th September

John Foster Building Liverpool John Moores University

Session 2.2 11:15 - 12:45

International Perspectives. Part III Architecture of Bigness and Neo-Liberalist Policies in Housing Provision in Istanbul

Government Initiatives for Housing in India

Özen Eyüce Bahcesehir University

Harshita Deo School of Planning & Architecture, New Delhi

Abstract

Abstract

After 90’s, the developments taking place on all over the world - the expansion of neo-liberalism, global capitalism and the advances in digital technologies and communications, have resulted in urban transformations in many nations. Abandoned industrial sites and evacuated inner city areas due to the rapid technological changes within the growing cities led to speculative urban developments. As in other globalizing cities integrating to transnational networks, İstanbul also lived a building boom in 90’s. However, over the last decade starting around 2003, the joint act of authoritative and financial powers facilitated a rapid capitalist urban development with an allegation to lessen the damage after a possible prospective earthquake in İstanbul as a result of the legislative enhancements of the ruling Justice and Development Party. New constructions, named as urban renewal projects in the areas marked as ‘at risk’, have eradicated the existing urban pattern. Almost every day a new colossal or megaproject has been added to the urban fabric. These mega projects, “creating an artificial strangeness as a strategy for architectural attention from the public”, affect not only the spatial structure of the City but also disturbs the socio-spatial relations of citizens and the identity of the City.

‘Big buildings’ are not a new issue, of course. History of architecture is full of monumental buildings. Especially in 6o’s, ‘Europe’s highest’, ‘Europe’s longest’ were the mostly used mottos for many buildings. In the 90’s, however, Rem Koolhaas, theorizing the Bigness in his book SMLXL, has paved the way for big object - buildings as mainstream in architecture This article will try to depict the effects of these ‘image- oriented,’ ‘luxurious,’ ‘high exchange value’ buildings on the urban pattern in İstanbul and also, in the discipline of architecture, in contemporary postprofessional era in Turkey.

Author(s) Biography

In India, housing has been a critical issue since its Independence in 1947.

There was high migration due to partition and now, being the second largest in population in the world, accommodation in livable, affordable housing has been a challenge which the Indian government is still struggling with. There have been several housing policies, schemes and programmes at the National/federal level as well as the State/province level in India which have developed several models over a period of time. The advent of private sector in provision of housing has had major contribution along with that of public (govt) housing. With varying geographies and culture it is not possible to have a uniform housing strategy for the entire country. Through this paper, I shall be evaluating the national level housing policies and programmes in India, considering the role of public (govt) sector and the private sector, also few good examples of state level policies and programmes preferably along with project case studies. There will be more focus on recent policies. The outcome would be to bring out gaps and strategic guidelines to provide decent, livable affordable housing to all sections of the society.

Author(s) Biography

Özen Eyüce is Associate Professor of Architecture. She graduated from Middle East Technical University (METU) Department of Architecture as B.Arch , she took her M.Arch degree from Ege University and Ph.D. from 9 Eylül University in İzmir. She founded her Architectural Office in 1989 and designed and constructed many buildings. In 1994, She participated in the initiation of the Master program, in 1995 founded the Department of Architecture in Faculty of Architecture at Institute of Technology in İzmir with Prof. Ahmet Eyüce and pursued her academic career until 2004.

She participated in many projects, designed and built for the University, and won the first Prize with the Aquarium Project (together with A. Eyüce, S. Kutucu, K. Korkmaz and E. Yılmaz) in National Competition. She has been working in Bahceşehir University since 2005. Currently acting as Program Coordinator for Master of Architecture Program in the Faculty of Architecture.

Her major fields of research are architectural design, architecture of public works and Architecture of İzmir. She has a book named Köprüler (Bridges) and numerous national and international publications.

43

Harshita Deo is currently Assistant Professor in the Department of Housing, School of Planning & Architecture (SPA), New Delhi, India. After completing Bachelor of Architecture, she went on to study Master of Planning from the Department of Urban Planning of SPA, New Delhi. She has approximately 4 years of industry experience, which involved real estate project coordination and valuation in cities of Hyderabad and Mumbai in India. She was involved in planning, designing and preparation of Detailed Project Reports of large housing projects and townships by private developers in the city of Lucknow in India. She has 4 years of teaching experience during which she taught for the courses of Bachelor of Architecture and Master of Planning. Her area of interest is majorly in housing with special focus on affordable housing, housing policies, green housing, real estate, housing design and planning and rental housing.

Government and Housing in a Time of Crisis: Policy, Planning, Design and Delivery

Session 2.2 11:15 - 12:45

International Perspectives. Part III Liveability, design, and illegality: notes on statesponsored housing in contemporary Delhi Anubhav Pradhan & Neha Lal Jamia Millia Islamia University, Delhi Abstract In much of India, provision for housing and shelter is still the preserve of the state and its various arms. In Delhi, for instance, the principle land owning agency, the Delhi Development Authority – successor to the colonial Delhi Improvement Trust – is tasked with creation of dwelling units and housing schemes along differential socio-economic affordability indices. In the past fifty or so years of its existence the Authority, DDA, has created close to 3.6 lakh dwelling units under various schemes. However, given the spiralling demographic pressures on land and resources in the national capital and given its own structural inabilities to realise its housing goals, the DDA’s provisioning, especially for the urban poor, remains substantially inadequate. Moreover, DDA has been consistently faulted for poor construction quality, ill-conceived design, and shoddy infrastructural input: for example, its 2014 housing scheme saw close to eight thousand flats out of a total of twenty five thousand being returned by beneficiaries.

The question of liveability and design becomes significant in such a situation. The confluence of DDA’s vision of centralised state planning framing needs as corollaries of quantifiable, statistically determined data with the (increasingly neoliberal) aspirations of urban dwellers produces a curious patchwork urbanity of illegal encroachments, extensions, and modifications across the spectrum of DDA housing. It is this patchwork urbanity, and the contours of liveability operating within its interstices, that this paper is interested in evaluating from the dual perspective of liveability and sustainability. Taking into consideration prevailing DDA design practices and various alternative frameworks suggested by the illegalities making DDA flats ‘liveable’, it will frame liveability as a factor of environmental, economic, and cultural sustainability and suggest ways in which liveability may be a more significant factor of design, and hence contribute to ameliorating the persistent crisis of state-sponsored housing.

Author(s) Biography Anubhav Pradhan is a doctoral candidate working on colonial ethnography and the British imagination of India under the supervision of Prof Baran Farooqi in the Department of English, Jamia Millia Islamia, Delhi. He has worked on articulations of space and denial in contemporary Delhi under the supervision of Prof Simi Malhotra, and continues to engage with various aspects of Delhi’s convoluted urbanisms. He enjoys walking, reading, writing, armchair debating and has a few other hobbies like gardening, photography, coin collecting and philately in which he indulges occasionally. He is interested in the conception, production, and dissemination of cultural artefacts, fashions himself a bourgeois Marxist and a misogynist Feminist, and is a strong votary of sustainable development and the preservation of Delhi’s (in) tangible heritage from ruthless development.

Neha Lal is a research scholar at the Department of Sociology, University of Delhi. She graduated from Lady Shri Ram College for Women in Journalism (Hons.) and completed her post-graduation in Sociology from the University of Delhi. She is currently working on her M.Phil thesis on ‘Urban Aesthetics and City-making in Millennial Delhi’. Her research interests include urban studies- design and planning; governance and citizenship; and cultural studies. She has earlier worked on research projects and documentaries on politics of wall art (2014) and relationship on monuments and memory (2014-2015) in contemporary Delhi and population policy and demographic crisis in Singapore (2012).

44

9th September

John Foster Building Liverpool John Moores University

Government and Housing in a Time of Crisis: Policy, Planning, Design and Delivery

Session 2.2 11:15 - 12:45

International Perspectives. Part III Notes

45

9th September

John Foster Building Liverpool John Moores University

Government and Housing in a Time of Crisis: Policy, Planning, Design and Delivery

Session 2.2 11:15 - 12:45

International Perspectives. Part III Notes

46

9th September

John Foster Building Liverpool John Moores University

Government and Housing in a Time of Crisis: Policy, Planning, Design and Delivery

9th September

John Foster Building Liverpool John Moores University

Session 2.3 11:15 - 12:45

Practice – Case Studies Strengths & weaknesses of the Brazilian affordable How to grow community-led development in the UK – a call for the Professional Independent housing program Enabler Anthony Boanada-Fuchs University of São Paulo

Zohra Chiheb Levitt Bernstein Architects

Abstract

Abstract

Housing is important for individuals and national economies alike, but remains globally insufficiently supplied as seen in the persistent high numbers of slums. The access to adequate and affordable housing is one of the global challenges in the 21st century. Its importance has been recently translated into the 11th Sustainable Development Goals, Goal 11, which represents a considerable thematic enlargement to the more narrow and technical focus of the Millennium Development Goals (Target 7D). The problem of affordable housing is complex and involves various issues, such as the public policy making, urban planning, building regulation, construction technology, housing finance, and governmental subsidies.

New answers need to be developed to assure housing supply that fits actual demand and is affordable to low-income families. This is particular challenging in the Global South where virtually all future urban growth is taking place but governments are often faced with weak institutional capacities are paired with a lack of funds. In 2009, the Brazilian government has launched a social housing program that has been identified as a best case example for a national housing program (UNCHS 2013). Indeed, the quantitative performance of the Minha Casa, Minha Vida Program with average annual outputs of half a million housing units and investment volumes of unprecedented nature in the country, underlines the commitment of the government to address its housing problem while in parallel stimulating the essential construction sector in order to curb the negative effect of the Global financial Crisis.

This housing program will be presented in detail in its institutional configuration (Structure of Provision), strengths and weaknesses and how the government responded to them. Over the years, a lot of reforms have been passed to streamline the program. There is a highly relevant learning experience that can contribute to the envisioned discussions of the Liverpool conference.

Author(s) Biography

Many design professionals are driven by the desire to serve their communities and contribute positively to the built environment by producing high quality, well-designed buildings appropriate to their time and place. However, the UK’s currently predominant mode of housing delivery – speculative developers and volume house-builders using design and build procurement – can sometimes champion fast delivery and cost-efficiency over robust design and quality; where sales targets rather than long-term performance are the priority. For architects in the industry, it can be frustrating to see designs and specifications valueengineered – not so savings can be passed on to future residents, but to increase profit margins.

The emerging community-led housing sector in the UK reverses this model. All stakeholders, including the design team and future residents, are involved throughout the design process and are committed to the quality of housing being created. Together, design decisions can be made balancing want and need, quality and affordability, to create buildings where residents feel a real sense of ownership.

In the UK, many community-led projects struggle to get off the ground.

Each newly forming group is unique, and since the sector is so new, and there are many difficulties to overcome, the process can be overwhelming and exhausting for those attempting it. Well-meaning but inexperienced groups often reinvent the wheel, particularly when it comes to group structure, financial arrangements and planning and development processes. Local authorities, who often have land available and should be positive about community participation, balk at the reality of working with so many non-professional stakeholders.

In other countries, a specific role has emerged to help community groups navigate this process: the Professional Independent Enabler.

Design professionals are accustomed to working in this way: each new project has different site constraints and stakeholders, so each design solution is unique. Architects in particular have experience across a range of development processes and many contacts within the housing sector and so are well placed to fulfil this role.

This presentation explores how potential Professional Independent Enablers can engage with the UK’s emerging community-led housing sector; drawing on extensive research across the UK, a recent field trip to cohousing in Berlin and voluntary work with RUSS Community Land Trust in Lewisham and Jon Broome / Architype Architects at the co-design sessions for residents.

Anthony Boanada-Fuchs is an Austrian-French national who obtained master degrees in architecture and urban planning (TU Delft) and more recently a PhD in Development Studies (Graduate Institute Geneva).

His research focuses on urban planning in the Global South, real estate markets, and urban informality – in particular how these three dimensions mutually influence each other. Currently Anthony is a postdoc researcher at the inter-disciplinary Center for Metropolitan Studies (CEM) at the University of Sao Paulo) as well as founding member of Kompreno, a think tank for South-South knowledge exchange.

47

Author(s) Biography Zohra Chiheb is an architect at Levitt Bernstein working on the design and delivery of large-scale housing and mixed-use projects, specialising in technical design. She plays an active role in the Practice’s housing research – particularly around alternative models of development.

She is passionate about community-led development and spends time researching, visiting and writing about housing cooperatives, community land trusts and co-housing projects. Her research is focused on the many positive impacts of community-led housing: economic, environmental and social. Zohra is currently volunteering with RUSS Community Land Trust in Lewisham as a co-facilitator at the design sessions hosted by the architects for the residents. Using her professional skills to help residents think about the design of their future homes, and bringing them together to perform as a group – she is facilitating their informed decision making.

She has spoken about her research at the RIBA, New London Architecture, Urban Design London and at Sheffield and London South Bank Universities, and written articles for New London Quarterly and Building Design. Zohra is a passionate advocate for equal access to quality education, and has been on the RIBA Education Committee for three years. She is also an occasional technical critic at Newcastle University.

Government and Housing in a Time of Crisis: Policy, Planning, Design and Delivery

Session 2.3 11:15 - 12:45

Practice – Case Studies The object of my affection: distinguishing housing need from housing desire Harriet Harris & Joe Kerr Royal College of Art Abstract Housing desire is not the same housing need and yet the two are often conflated and confused. Government policies and political rhetoric further exacerbates the problem, playing into the neo-liberalist agenda to build more of a certain kind of home: more often to specifications that are neither informed by demographic demand or good design.

The humble home – a basic human right– has become so fraught with political power & symbolism, so fraught with anger born of societal injustice that the way forward has become obscured. In essence, the whole notion of attempting to define the housing needs of the future needs closer scrutiny. This paper intends to do just that: to pick apart the statistics and the political and the ideologies driving them; to consider meaningful distinctions between ‘desire’ and ‘need’; to explore notions of entitlement and expectation, and to look more closely at what housing a diverse and changing demographic might mean for designers, policy makers and the public view of what housing is and can be. In doing this, we seek to outline a clear and actionable mandate for the reinstatement of social housing in the UK: devoid of the evocative and often manipulative language that sets unrealistic expectations and unachievable constructions targets. Methodologically, we will be examining key case studies in Using urban housing as our sample (comparing cities which place emphasis on the value of home ownership with those who do not, for example – including London, Manchester, Detroit and Paris) as a means to challenge the myth that ownership occupation can prove more effective than rented living at fulfilling our desires or meeting our needs.

Author(s) Biography Dr. Harriet Harriss’s teaching, research and writing are largely focussed upon pioneering new pedagogic models for design education, particularly those that respond to specific community challenges: as captured in her most recent publications, Architecture Live Projects: Pedagogy into Practice(Routledge, 2014); and Radical Pedagogies: Architecture & the British Tradition (RIBA Publishing, 2015). Harriet has won a range of awards for teaching, research and practice. These include an Oxford Brookes Teaching Fellowship (2010–12) for excellence in teaching, a Winston Churchill Fellowship (2011); a Higher Education Academy Internationalisation Fellowship (2012) for research excellence; and most recently two Santander Awards for scholarship & development respectively. Harriet also lectures on British social housing, the growth of seventeenth-century London estates, participatory design methods, the power stations of London repurposing of post-industrial space and the future of design education. Harriet campaigns for making architecture a better understood, more publicly inclusive and accessible profession, since – despite the errors of the past – Harriet believes that architects can enable people to live better lives and that the public or ‘end users’ should be given a more active role in shaping the spaces and communities in which they live and work.

Joe Kerr is a writer and commentator, holds a first-class honours degree in the History of Art from University College, London, and an MSc in the History of Modern Architecture from the Bartlett School of Architecture, London. He was a Senior Tutor in the History and Theory of Architecture at Middlesex University and the University of North London before joining the RCA in 1998, where he established the Critical and Historical Studies programme in 2001. He is responsible for teaching history and theory to students in the Architecture and Vehicle Design programmes. He is also a London bus driver, working out of Tottenham Garage.

48

9th September

John Foster Building Liverpool John Moores University

Government and Housing in a Time of Crisis: Policy, Planning, Design and Delivery

Session 2.3 11:15 - 12:45

Practice – Case Studies Notes

49

9th September

John Foster Building Liverpool John Moores University

Government and Housing in a Time of Crisis: Policy, Planning, Design and Delivery

Session 2.3 11:15 - 12:45

Practice – Case Studies Notes

50

9th September

John Foster Building Liverpool John Moores University

Government and Housing in a Time of Crisis: Policy, Planning, Design and Delivery

9th September

John Foster Building Liverpool John Moores University

Session 3.1 13:45 - 15:15

Histories and Futures ‘Spontaneous estate evolution’: Community, Artistic Houses as Memory Practice and Reverie on a 1960s English Council Estate Ian Waites University of Lincoln

Rob MacDonald & Bill Halsall Liverpool John Moores University & Halsall Lloyd Partnership

Abstract

Abstract

With postwar council/social housing under constant threat in these days of post-public austerity, a more nuanced historical understanding of the council estate is arguably needed more than ever. My research attempts to do this by exploring the history and meaning of a 1960s council estate in Gainsborough, Lincolnshire, examining the everyday experiences of the residents there in relation to the way the estate was originally conceived and planned. To this end, I have been intermittently working on the estate with artist collective ‘The Poly-technic’ on a project called Back to the Future 1965-2015-2016, which combines their artistic practice with my research and thinking. The project has created activities, happenings and situations that are intended to give the estate’s residents, young and old, the opportunity to reflect upon space and time on the estate, and of their place in it. These days, such projects are often couched in terms of giving ‘hard to reach’ communities a collective sense of ‘agency’ and a ‘resilience for the future’. While the general necessity of at least attempting to do this is undeniable, this paper will argue that such imperatives are moralistic, technocratic and essentially meaningless in estate communities that tend to be made up of people with very different needs, likes, cares and so on. Taking Guattari’s (1989) notion of creating new ‘microsocial practices’ with ‘a new gentleness … a new aesthetic’ as a starting point in getting ‘social and political practices back on their feet’, this paper will show how the Back to the Future project works with the idea of ‘reverie’, producing situations that aim to ‘stop’, ‘slow down’, or ‘free up’ time, so that residents can at least realise a connection between their everyday lives and the place where they live.

Author(s) Biography

HOUSES OF MEMORY; We live our lives through the homes that we occupy. If we lose our memories of them because of dementia or general forgetting, then we lose our sense of being in space. Increasingly, with the global epidemic of aging and dementia, and the continued speed of social change, we need to remind ourselves of our houses as Memory.

This paper is a reminder how the ‘English working classes’ have lived in the 20th century and highlights significant housing issues for the future in the 21st century.

We set out to articulate the experience of housing and community users because these people have been subjected to the various innovations in housing governance, design and technological construction. Memory and history are important because they reveal past housing models and help us challenge the current status quo.

We will trace the experience of the working classes from the agricultural first wave of dwellings, the highland clearances, urban high density housing and water bound diseases, to the development of terraced houses in their variety of typologies. The influences of European social housing models will be shown to have effected English municipal housing stock; a new wave of Modernist Clearances is described as resulting in ‘New Town Blues’; the Life and Death of Modern architecture is seen to generate war zones in in between spaces. Urban Riots that preceded Garden Festivals re discussed.

Author(s) Biography

Ian Waites is a Senior Lecturer in History of Art and Design at the University of Lincoln. His research interests centre on landscape, sense of place and memory. Currently, he is researching the history of a postWW2 council estate where he grew up, examining the original design and planning of the estate in relation to the more phenomenological concerns of spatiality, sense of place and everyday life. The research is particularly defined by his childhood and teenage memories of the estate during the 1960s and 70s, in an attempt to regain a sense of what it ‘felt like’ to live there. He keeps a blog, ‘Instances of a changed society’ that chronicles this research, and which you can read from here: http:// instancesofachangedsociety.blogspot.co.uk.

51

Dr. Robert G MacDonald RIBA is an architect and was Secretary to the Weller Street Housing Cooperative and was project architect for Portland Housing Cooperative, Leta Claudia and Fieldway Cooperative for the Elderly. He worked on design participation with the Eldonian Cooperative.

Currently, Rob is developing a “Design for Dementia” research project and a “Health & Well Being Centre”. Robs Phd at Liverpool University School of Architecture was about “The Appropriation of Space inside The English Terraced House” and followed a Participation Observation Methodology. In 2010 he Edited and Published “DIY City: an intergrated Do it Yourself City”.

Bill Halsall RIBA is an Architect and Landscape Architect. Bill is a Senior Partner at The Halsal Lloyd Partnership and he has pioneered innovative approaches to participatory design and user consultation over forty years. His work is based on an inclusive philosophy, generating good design through participation and involvements of clients, communities and user groups. Bill brings his extensive experience, as an architect and landscape architect, to a large number of community led projects and with his user led clients, his work has received numerous awards. Bill Halsall was the Architect of The Weller Streets and The Eldonian Village.

Government and Housing in a Time of Crisis: Policy, Planning, Design and Delivery

Session 3.1 13:45 - 15:15

Histories and Futures A New “Unofficial” Hybrid Housing and Community Model MaryAnn Ray University of Michigan Abstract This paper will focus on a new and emergent early 21st century hybrid housing and community building model that is found not in a liberal first world western democracy but rather unofficially and “non-legally” in the cracks and crevices of cities in a socialist one-party state- China. The Urban Villages of Chinese cities currently provide the primary stock of housing for the multitude of arriving rural to urban migrants known as the “floating population”. In addition to fulfilling this important need, the Urban Villages in cities like the capital city of Beijing go even further and produce a new model for dense, diverse, economically sustainable and vibrant communities. Unlike most migrant urban communities in cities around the world, the Chinese Urban Villages are not slums and do not involve squatting, they retain rural and agricultural characteristics and there is a high degree of entrepreneurship attained by the residents.

A close examination of the mechanisms of the formation of the Urban Villages reveals an inventive hybrid model of community building that is primarily built from the “bottom up”, that is, by the resident farmers who transform their land usage from single story houses into multi-storied boarding houses, along with “top down” unofficial contributions to the environments by the government. An even richer mix of participants and ideas occur when, in some cases, enlightened small scale developers, world class artists, activists and designers enter into the equation.

We have been living and working in the Urban Village of Caochangdi in Beijing since 2006 and have witnessed, documented and researched its development and the roles played by the former farmers, the floaters (migrant workers), village leaders and artists including Ai Weiwei (also an architectural designer, activist and owner of a small construction company) and the forward thinking small scale developer that he collaborates with.

Author(s) Biography Mary-Ann Ray is the Taubman Centennial Professor of Practice in Architecture at the University of Michigan. She has held visiting Chair Professorships at Yale University, Rice University and the University of California Berkeley. She was educated at the University of Washington and holds her Master’s degree with honors from Princeton University.

Ms. Ray is a Principal of Studio Works Architects in Los Angeles and a Co-Founder and Co-Director of BASEbeijing- an experimental laboratory for urban and rural research and design. Studio Works is an award winning design firm whose design work and research have been widely published. Principals Mary-Ann Ray and her partner Robert Mangurian are architects, authors, and designers, and were awarded the Chrysler Design Award for Excellence and Innovation in an ongoing body of work in a design field and the Stirling Prize for the Memorial Lecture on the City by the Canadian Centre for Architecture and the London School of Economics. Ray is also a recipient of the Rome Prize from the American Academy in Rome. Among her published books are Pamphlet Architecture No. 20 Partly Underground Rooms and Buildings for Water, Ice and Midgets, Wrapper, and Caochangdi: Beijing Inside Out.

52

9th September

John Foster Building Liverpool John Moores University

Government and Housing in a Time of Crisis: Policy, Planning, Design and Delivery

Session 3.1 13:45 - 15:15

Histories and Futures Notes

53

9th September

John Foster Building Liverpool John Moores University

Government and Housing in a Time of Crisis: Policy, Planning, Design and Delivery

Session 3.1 13:45 - 15:15

Histories and Futures Notes

54

9th September

John Foster Building Liverpool John Moores University

Government and Housing in a Time of Crisis: Policy, Planning, Design and Delivery

9th September

John Foster Building Liverpool John Moores University

Session 3.2 13:45 - 15:15

International Perspectives. Part IV Industrial Waste Materials and its application in the Housing Environment / Architectural Competitions / Problems, Potentials Design of Social Housing. Research case of study: Electropart Cordoba S.A. Company María José Ferrero Ibargüen National University of Río Negro / Catholic University of Córdoba

Ilker Fatih Ozorhon & Guliz Ozorhon Ozyegin University

Abstract

Abstract

This paper sits in a field of study focused on interrelating issues of waste generation, sustainability, housing shortages, modular construction and design and build with pallets. It is a research area based on the reuse of residual materials in the modular construction and is specifically applied to habitable spaces.

The objective of this design-oriented research is the remanufacturing of certain industrial wastes to obtain sustainable products for habitable spaces. The Electropart Cordoba S.A Company is taken as a case of study. The company aims to reuse all the waste generated through its own non-architectural production and apply it in the production of an innovative constructive system for domestic habitable spaces.

The research documented here is intended to establish a knowledge base applicable to other waste materials and production processes relevant at the local, national and Latin-American level. The ultimate aim is to benefit the regional industries, the environment and societies of Latin America as a whole.

Author(s) Biography

The aim of this study is to examine the architectural competition as a model for the planning of new housing environments. The design competition is a pluralistic space in which hundreds of ideas are developed and presented on a given problem; in addition to the comparing of ideas, an intellectual exchange happens among participants. This exchange is also important in terms of the dissemination of the architectural knowledge in the community and becomes a form of collective training. The most important advantage of the competition format is a structure open to different approaches. Even though they may not win, proposals considered to make a contribution to the architectural environment can be presented and it is this characteristic that means they should be used to facilitate debates on current housing problems.

In the scope of this study, recent competitions from Turkey will be examined. They will be presented with all the parameters of the competition practical (inception, administration, specifications, jury structure, projects) and will be discussed in a comparative way. The competition processes will be criticized from a holistic perspective with emphasis on how the human (culture, participation, diversity) and the environment (location, context) issues are included. In addition, the attitude and the contribution of the state / state institutions on this subject will be questioned. In conclusion, problems and potentials posed by this process will be put forward and some suggestions will be developed for architectural competitions to be more effectively involved in the design of new housing environments.

María José Ferrero Ibargüen obtained in 2007 her Architect degree obtained in the Faculty of Architecture, Urbanism and Design, of Córdoba’s National University, Argentine and in 2015 her Master in Innovative Design Processes from the Architecture Faculty of Córdoba’s Catholic University, Argentina. Currently, she is studying a post-graduate specialization in Technological Management at the Rio Negro’s National University. The course is a training program for managers and technological linkers (Gtec) provided by the Ministry of Science, Technology and Productive Innovation of the Nation.

Since 2010 she has been teaching Interior and Furniture Design at Río Negro’s National University. She is associate professor in Illumination and Acoustic Design and head of practical work in design. Between 2011-2014 she took part in the project PIO09 “Gestión del diseño y la innovación en la relación universidad - entramado socio-productivo” organized by Cordoba’s National University and Córdoba’s Catholic University. Between 2015-2016 she worked as collaborator on the project “De la Ciudad Letrada a la ciudad informal: ciudades contemporáneas. El derecho al espacio público a través de la vivienda.”

Author(s) Biography Dr. Güliz Özorhon, graduated from Yıldız Technical University, Faculty of Architecture in 2000. She obtained the master degree from Mimar Sinan University of Fine Arts. She completed her Ph.D. studies at Yıldız Technical University, Architectural Design Program by her thesis named “Hosing Architecture of Istanbul in the Period of 1950-60” between 2003-2009.

She has studies published in several journals, presented in symposiums and congress and has awards in architectural design competitions.

She is working as an Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Architecture and Design in Ozyegin University. Her recent research areas include Architectural Design, Spatial Organization, Sustainability, Ecological Design, Housing-Housing Settlements, Architectural Education.

Dr. İlker Fatih Özorhon graduated from Yıldız Technical University, Faculty of Architecture in 2000. He got the master degree from Istanbul Technical University by his thesis on “Natural Light with Its Aspect Determining the Identity of Architectural Space” at Architectural Design Program in 2002. He completed his Ph.D. studies at İstanbul Technical University, Architectural Design Program by his thesis named “The Issue of Originality in Architecture: Turkish Modernity in the period of 195060” in 2008. He has studies published in several journals, presented in symposiums and congress and has awards in architectural design competitions. He is working as an Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Architecture and Design in Ozyegin University. His recent research areas include Architectural Design, Design Teaching, Modernity and Modern Architecture, Modern Turkish Architecture.

55

Government and Housing in a Time of Crisis: Policy, Planning, Design and Delivery

Session 3.2 13:45 - 15:15

International Perspectives. Part IV Issues and perspectives of housing for older persons in Nigeria - In search of a tipping point Oludele Albert Ajani Obafemi Awolowo University Abstract Planning for the housing situation of an ageing population is one of the challenges of many countries today. In Nigeria, housing provision is majorly a matter at the family level where the individual take on the responsibility for their housing plans. Though, there is increasing involvement of the private sector, governments and mutual aid groups in housing provision, the government takes more on the responsibility for facilitating for the different actors to realize their housing plans and for influencing the situation in the housing market. In order to do this successfully, knowledge about the housing preferences of the different actors is crucial. In Nigeria today, most people remain in ordinary housing all through life, while an infinitesimal proportion of the population age 65 and above move to assisted living or other forms of housing (e.g. living with children or family members). As the Nigeria population continues to age and the near absence of aging in its policy discourse, this paper portends on the need to ascertain that suitable housing is provided for the Nigerian elderly. With the country’s current housing deficit of about 17 million and the fact that most individual remain in ordinary housing through life, lack of adequate policy intervention may culminate in a very specific housing crisis. For example, many houses in the city centres are becoming dilapidated because of the inability of their aging owners to maintain or repair them. This situation is even worse in the rural areas.

This exacerbates an already ingrained set of problems about housing quality and suitability in Nigeria. The research underlying this paper asked the following questions: what issues are developing regarding elders living with their family as the population ages? What housing options exist for elders with varied degrees of disability? What is needed to address housing issues for older Nigerians?   Author(s) Biography Ajani Oludele is a Senior Lecturer in the Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. He holds a Ph.D degree in Sociology and Anthropology with specialization in social change and development studies. He also holds a postgraduate specialist certificate in Applied Gerontology from the University of North Texas, Denton. His major areas of research include social inequality, informal organizations, social change, environment, aging and gender issues.

56

9th September

John Foster Building Liverpool John Moores University

Government and Housing in a Time of Crisis: Policy, Planning, Design and Delivery

Session 3.2 13:45 - 15:15

International Perspectives. Part IV Notes

57

9th September

John Foster Building Liverpool John Moores University

Government and Housing in a Time of Crisis: Policy, Planning, Design and Delivery

Session 3.2 13:45 - 15:15

International Perspectives. Part IV Notes

58

9th September

John Foster Building Liverpool John Moores University

Government and Housing in a Time of Crisis: Policy, Planning, Design and Delivery

9th September

John Foster Building Liverpool John Moores University

Session 3.3 13:45 - 15:15

Design, Pedagogy and Practice Between History and the Future: Experiments in housing and pedagogy

New Housing Projects to Regenerate the District

Luis Diaz University of Brighton

Eusebio Alonso & Valeriano SIerra Morillo University of Valladolid

Abstract

Abstract

This paper starts with the premise that the rich history of spatial experimentation in British housing that runs from the Prince Albert Model Houses (1851) to Neave Brown’s Alexandra Road (1979) has stalled. A sketch overview of some of the spatial inventions in housing will form a backdrop for looking at the work of Studio 12 in the School of Architecture at the University of Brighton. The studio’s approach, via the theories of Henri Lefebvre and Michel de Certeau, is to work with everyday practices as a way of interrogating existing housing typologies.

This is done, not in order to replace them, but to rehabilitate them. As such the studio relies heavily on precedent and history and acts as a critique of contemporary notions of creativity and subjectivity in design studios. The focus on everyday practices and engagement with history form two poles that attempt to counteract the growing emphasis on personal narratives as both pedagogical and design methodologies (which can be seen to smuggle back in the idea of the architect as grand author).

The studio’s work builds on my own research into the role of routines (spatial practices) and exterior territories (spatial forms) in the formation of inhabitants’ own individual and collective identities. A brief overview of this research will form another backdrop to the presentation of student work.

Taken together the paper seeks to raise a series of questions about the role of architectural education in relation to the current housing crisis (with only 1 in 10 briefs focusing on housing in the last 10 years) and the (difficult and possibly counterproductive) relationship between skilling and research-based pedagogy in undergraduate education.

I will argue that current attitudes towards history and the way in which subjectivity and creativity are utilised in design approaches are not only related but that they also undermine the potential of architectural design to contribute to housing solutions.

Author(s) Biography

This paper examines different academic proposals for residential housing. These projects have been realized by the students of the Architecture School in Valladolid under the coordination of their professors Eusebio Alonso, Valeriano Sierra and others during the year 2015-2016. There are various issues that will be discussed: INVOLVING THE COMMUNITY ON THE LEARNING; Before beginning, we contacted the Association of neighbors to better understand their main needs. Subsequently, students presented their work to the community and we prepared an exhibition in the neighborhood’s Civic Center. We visited the site with students before starting the course to allow us to focus the academic work on design later. In this process, the Councilor of Urban Planning gave a class to the students about the current problems of the city and the district.

FIELD OF ACTION; The area of the intervention is located in La Victoria, a neighborhood on the periphery of Valladolid. It is an empty plot whose persistence, after more than 30 years, today represents an opportunity.

In the current neighborhood new houses coexist with the obsolete urban structures built during the original industrial and rural settlements.

OBJECTIVES: RESEARCH AND OPPORTUNITY; We have explored the resilience of the neighborhood and, given the fragility of the architectural context, have identified typological alternatives and morphological transformations for renewing the urban scenery.

STRATEGIES OF THE PROJECT; Firstly, we incorporated programs reflecting the diverse needs of the inhabitants: houses for families, homes for the elderly, houses for young people and, in addition, the community facilities needed by all of them. Secondly, we have considered alternatives to the traditional model of the city and we have designed new forms of public spaces intended to be new spaces of social relations that could be capable of revitalizing urban life. Finally, the intervention on these empty plots become an opportunity for the appropriation of space which allows new houses to catalyze the development of a new town.

Author(s) Biography

Luis Diaz has been involved in a combination of practice, teaching and research for 25 years. His research-based practice, Brooklyn Architects Collective, founded in 1993 carried out urban design research for various agencies and was a prize winner in the Van Alen Institute East River Competition.

Luis Diaz studied architecture and architectural history at NYIT (BArch), the Berlage Institute, the New School for Social Research (semiotics), the Bartlett (MSc in History of Modern Architecture), London School of Economics (MPhil/PhD study with Richard Sennett) and University of Brighton (MPhil).

Luis Diaz has taught design, CAD, and history and theory at the New York Institute of Technology, Kent Institute of Art and Design and the University of Brighton.

Eusebio ALONSO GARCÍA , Architect ETSA Valladolid, 1984. Doctor of architecture, ETSAV (2001, outstanding cum laude). He has been teaching since 1988 and is currently Professor of Design and Architectural Projects at the ETS of Architecture of Valladolid, Spain. Awards include: Scholarship MEC (19881992); Academy of Spain Prize, Rome (1990-91); IV Arquithesis Award, Finalist (2003). Commission PFC ETSAV (2002-2008). Publications: Transparency and opacity in the houses of Marcel Breuer (2002); San Carlino: geometric machine of Borromini (2003, Prologue: Paolo Portoghesi); Mario Ridolfi, architecture, contingency and process (2007, 2014); Paulo Mendes da Rocha (DPA UPC 2014); El espacio público en Le Corbusier (2015); Alojamientos para otros modos de vida (2015); Housing the Future. Alternative Approaches for Tomorrow (Libri Publishing 2015). Conferences: Actions to recover the absent city. Strategies of Intervention in a neighborhood on the periphery (Housing – A Critical Perspective, Liverpool, UK, 8-9 April 2015); El espacio público en Le Corbusier (Conference Le Corbusier 50 years later, Valencia 2015); From Ronchamp to Venice Hospital. Myth religious and memory collective in the last LC (Conference: places symbolic of the modernity, Covarrubias, 2014); Firminy Church and the machine à émouvoir of LC (Conference: CEAA, Porto, 2012).

Valeriano SIERRA MORILLO, Architect ETSA Valladolid, 1987. Master in Architectural Restoration, Camuñas Foundation (1993). Doctor of architecture, ETSAV (2013). He has been teaching since 1988 and is currently Professor of Design and Architectural Projects at the ETS of Architecture of Valladolid, Spain. Awards include: Scholarship MEC (1988-1992); Academy of Spain Prize, Rome (1993-94). He taught in the University of La Coruña and the University of Valladolid where currently he is Assistant Professor on the Masters in Architectural Restoration and Masters of Architectural Research. He has won several awards for his works and projects: Award of Opinion and Award of Restoration in the First Prize for architecture of Castilla y León (Rehabilitation of the “House of the Zuniga ‘. In collaboration with Juan Carlos Arnuncio). First prize in the ideas competition for the rehabilitation of the Ruins of the Convent of San Francisco in Ciudad Rodrigo (In collaboration with José Manuel López González). First prize in the competition for the adaptation of the Museum of Cáceres (In collaboration with Andrés Celis and Jael Ortega).

59

Government and Housing in a Time of Crisis: Policy, Planning, Design and Delivery

Session 3.3 13:45 - 15:15

Design, Pedagogy and Practice Through the lens of lived human experience: US case studies of supportive housing Jill Pable Florida State University Abstract United States permanent housing as well as facilities that house persons that are homeless are the subject of current media attention and discussion, and several cities have recently declared a state of emergency regarding the growing problem of homelessness. The architectural design of these housing types require that the physical environment complements on-site policies and programs, which relies on a deep understanding of residents’ point of view for success. While architectural case studies can examine built projects through many lenses including sustainability, budget, or neighborhood context, it is less common to analyze a project through indicators related to quality human experience. This author believes that examining spaces this way can help reveal building qualities that provide comfort and enable recovery for future residents.

This presentation will share the findings of a series of nation-wide case studies that examine and identify the personal level of architectural experience that the interior environment provides. These characteristics, often identified by researchers as essential for quality human experience formed the framework of the inquiry: • Dignity/self esteem • Empowerment and personal control • Security, privacy and personal space • Stress Management • Sense of Community • Beauty and Meaning Four case studies were completed, examining projects in the east, middle section and west coasts of the U.S. and each provides a photographic tour of the building with commentary that identifies the project’s features that attend to these six characteristics. The case studies also took into consideration the perceptions of organization directors and staff, offering a broad biography of a building project’s considerations from multiple perspectives. Data gathering included a staff pre-questionnaire, and on-site photography and interviews with five stakeholder groups: the architect, the interior designer, staff member(s), the program’s director, and one or more residents. The presentation will contrast and compare the four locations and invite discussion with participants.

Author(s) Biography Jill Pable, Ph.D., FIDEC, ASID is a professor and Director of Graduate Studies in the Department of Interior Architecture and Design at Florida State University. She holds B.S. and M.F.A. degrees in Interior Design and a Ph.D. degree in Instructional Technology with specialization in architecture. She is the author of the textbook Sketching Interiors at the Speed of Thought and co-author of the instructor reference book Interior Design: Strategies for Teaching and Learning. In 2009 she served as national president of the Interior Design Educators Council and is a Fellow of IDEC. She was included in the 30 Most Admired Design Educators in the 5 States in the 2015 annual DesignIntelligence rankings. Her research focuses on the design of environments for the disadvantaged and she is the originator and project lead for Design Resources for Homelessness, a research-informed online resource for architectural designers and organizations that create facilities for homeless persons (designresourcesforhomelessness.org). She believes that design can make life more interesting, fulfilling and humane.

60

9th September

John Foster Building Liverpool John Moores University

Government and Housing in a Time of Crisis: Policy, Planning, Design and Delivery

Session 3.3 13:45 - 15:15

Design, Pedagogy and Practice Notes

61

9th September

John Foster Building Liverpool John Moores University

Government and Housing in a Time of Crisis: Policy, Planning, Design and Delivery

Session 3.3 13:45 - 15:15

Design, Pedagogy and Practice Notes

62

9th September

John Foster Building Liverpool John Moores University

Government and Housing in a Time of Crisis: Policy, Planning, Design and Delivery

Session 4.1 15:30 - 17:00

Housing the Future – Student Projects 1 Notes

63

9th September

John Foster Building Liverpool John Moores University

Government and Housing in a Time of Crisis: Policy, Planning, Design and Delivery

Session 4.1 15:30 - 17:00

Housing the Future – Student Projects 1 Notes

64

9th September

John Foster Building Liverpool John Moores University

Government and Housing in a Time of Crisis: Policy, Planning, Design and Delivery

Session 4.2 15:30 - 17:00

Housing the Future – Student Projects 2 Notes

65

9th September

John Foster Building Liverpool John Moores University

Government and Housing in a Time of Crisis: Policy, Planning, Design and Delivery

Session 4.2 15:30 - 17:00

Housing the Future – Student Projects 2 Notes

66

9th September

John Foster Building Liverpool John Moores University

Government and Housing in a Time of Crisis: Policy, Planning, Design and Delivery

Clossing Comments 17:10 - 17:30

67

9th September

John Foster Building Liverpool John Moores University

Government and Housing in a Time of Crisis: Policy, Planning, Design and Delivery

8th & 9th September

John Foster Building Liverpool John Moores University

Government and Housing in a Time of Crisis: Policy, Planning, Design and Delivery

Design and Structure of the Conference Documents Aliki-Myrto Perysinaki, PhD Senior Lecturer in Architecture, LJMU Jamie Scott Senior Lecturer in Architecture, LJMU

8th & 9th September

John Foster Building Liverpool John Moores University