Mobility report

U District Mobility Report BIKE & PEDESTRIAN COUNTS AND ANALYSIS IN U DISTRICT

COLLEGE OF THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT URBDP 576 Pedestrian Studies Spring 2018 Work by: Michelle Surber, Manette StaMM, DreW cunninghaM, irving chu, liying Zhu, lucien ong, Manali Sheth, Marlo kapSa, braD valtMan, eric clute

Executive Summary INTRODUCTION TO THE CLASS This observation report is the result of work completed by students in Pedestrian Travel, Land Use, and Urban Form, a course offered jointly by the Department of Urban Design and Planning and the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the University of Washington. Nineteen graduate students gathered information through field observation counts the week of May 7th-May 13th, 2018 in the University District directly adjacent to the University of Washington’s main Seattle campus. The course was led by Urban Design and Planning Assistant Professor Rachel Berney during the Spring Quarter.

INTRODUCTION TO THE PROJECT This data gathering and analysis exercise coincides with the U-District Area Mobility Plan and is intended to supplement the research and design being completed by a series of design firms and community volunteers.

Consultants for the U-District mobility study include Makers Architecture, Toole Design Group, and Fehr & Peers. Partner organizations include Seattle Children’s Hospital, the University of Washington, and the U District Community Council. The U District Area Mobility Plan plan aims at giving community input around mobility in the U-District as the area undergoes significant changes.

This study provides a glimpse into existing non-motorized traffic patterns in the urban environment surrounding the proposed site of the new U District Link Station. The station, currently under construction by Sound Transit at NE 43rd St and Brooklyn Ave NE, is at the 100% design phase (completed in 2016) and is projected to open to service in 2021. Counts in the study focused on non-motorized transit including pedestrians, bicycles, bikeshare, skateboards, scooters, e-assist devices, and other non-vehicular modes observed by participants. Figure 1 demonstrates construction site and closed roads around it.

Figure 1 Graphic Credit: Sound Transit

U District Station Construction Graphic Credit: Flickr

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Upon completion of the new station, traffic patterns will change drastically at the NE 43rd St. and Brooklyn Ave NE intersection, along the linkages between the University and the station, and along University Way NE. Sound Transit estimates in their Final Environmental Impact Statement that they project the station to have 12,000 daily boardings. By completing this study, the class hopes to provide a window into the reality of the changes created by the new station, and possibly provide a dataset to create a baseline for a comparison between pre- and poststation pedestrian traffic volumes and character.

Students gathered data using visual identification from seven predetermined locations in the University District.

Observation periods were a minimum of one hour in length and on both weekdays and weekends. Participants were required to do 2 hours during both weekdays and weekends but were free to choose within the scheduled openings. The hour observation was broken up into 15-minute segments in which students alternated recording mode counts and made qualitative observations resulting in both being recorded twice per hour. Students were given hand-held counters to assist with the task.

U District Street Fair 2007 Graphic Credit: Wikipedia - Joe Mabel

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Project Methodology and Findings

METHODOLOGY In order to collect data on travel patterns by non-motorized modes of transportation in the U-District area, students collected mode counts and observations for seven different locations which may be influenced by the completion of the new Link Light Rail station. Locations included University Way NE between NE 40th St and NE 41st St, NE 42nd St and NE 43rd St, NE 43rd and 45th, NE 45th St and NE 47th St; NE 45th St between Brooklyn Ave NE and University Way NE; and on NE 42nd St between University Way NE and 15th Ave NE. Data collection occurred over the course of four days, two weekdays (Tuesday May 8th and Thursday May 10th), and two weekends (Saturday May 12th and Sunday May 13th), in order to capture different travel patterns in the area. On each day the team collected data for four hours, two hours during lunchtime (11 AM-1 PM) and dinnertime (5 PM-7 PM). Weather patterns over the course of the collection period were sunny and mild, with temperatures in the mid 60s to low 70s. Along with the observation locations, these hours were selected in consultation with the U District Mobility Working Group and believed to be the most useful for capturing activity in the U District.

Mode counts included pedestrians, bicyclists and any other non-motorized modes passing a hypothetical screenline chosen by the volunteer on the both sides of the street. Mode of transportation, perceived gender and age, postures and activities were recorded as part of the observation exercise. For each hour of data collection, volunteers recorded counts for the first 15 minutes, observations were recorded for the next 15 minutes, and the same pattern continued for the rest of the hour.

At the end of data collection phase, each volunteer input their data into shared spreadsheets for each specific location. The data analysis team cleaned and reformatted the data into one unified version. After data cleaning, data for different locations and different times of the day were aggregated and analyzed for use in the visual presentation of travel patterns.

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16TH AVE NE

17TH AVE NE

NE 47TH ST

NE 45TH ST

Future U-District Station

11TH AVE NE

ROOSEVELT WAY NE

NE 43RD ST

University of Washington

15TH AVE NE

UNIVERSITY WAY NE

BROOKLYN AVE NE

12TH AVE NE

NE 42ND ST

NE 41ST ST

Current Heights 1-3 floors 4-6 7-9 10-19 20+

NE CAMPUS PKWY

NE 40TH ST

0 75 150

300

450

Feet 600

Figure 2 - Data collection locations.

Red locations on University Ave. Green indicates locations on NE 43rd St. Blue indicates locations on NE 45th St. Purple indicates locations on 15th Ave NE

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Analysis METHODOLOGY The analysis team compared different characteristics of the data and chose three of the study locations to move forward on. Total counts were aggregated by mode, time, perceived gender and perceived age. In following section the findings are presented.

Overall, the analysis of pedestrian patterns along University Way (also called the Ave), 42nd and 43rd point toward consistently heavy foot traffic along the Ave between 42nd and 43rd, with slightly less traffic in the two blocks to the north, and much lower traffic levels south of 42nd, especially between 40th and 41st. This section of the Ave had some of the lowest pedestrian counts.

University Way Graphic Credit: Wikipedia - Joe Mabel

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THE “AVE” BETWEEN 45TH & 47TH 930 PEDESTRIANS PER HOUR

45TH ST BETWEEN BROOKLYN & THE AVE 695 PEDESTRIANS PER HOUR

17TH AVE NE

NE 47TH ST

NE 45TH ST

Future U-District Station

43RD ST BETWEEN THE AVE & 15TH 497 PEDESTRIANS PER HOUR UNIVERSITY WAY NE

11TH AVE NE

ROOSEVELT WAY NE

NE 43RD ST

THE “AVE” BETWEEN 42ND & 43RD 1437 PEDESTRIANS PER HOUR

University of Washington 15TH AVE NE

BROOKLYN AVE NE

12TH AVE NE

NE 42ND ST

NE 41ST ST

THE “AVE” BETWEEN 40TH & 41ST 617 PEDESTRIANS PER HOUR

NE CAMPUS PKWY

NE 40TH ST

0 75 150

300

450

Feet 600

Figure 3- Analysis of pedestrian patterns at lunch on a weekday indicates highest levels of traffic between 42nd and 43rd on University Way. Traffic is drastically reduced between 40th and 41st on the Ave. Traffic is limited on 43rd, possibly due to the closure at Brooklyn.

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45TH ST BETWEEN BROOKLYN & THE AVE 599 PEDESTRIANS PER HOUR

THE “AVE” BETWEEN 45TH & 47TH 871 PEDESTRIANS PER HOUR

17TH AVE NE

NE 47TH ST

NE 45TH ST

Future U-District Station

43RD ST BETWEEN THE AVE & 15TH 439 PEDESTRIANS PER HOUR

11TH AVE NE

ROOSEVELT WAY NE

NE 43RD ST

THE “AVE” BETWEEN 42ND & 43RD 1195 PEDESTRIANS PER HOUR University of Washington 15TH AVE NE

BROOKLYN AVE NE

12TH AVE NE

NE 42ND ST

NE 41ST ST

THE “AVE” BETWEEN 40TH & 41ST 594 PEDESTRIANS PER HOUR

NE CAMPUS PKWY

NE 40TH ST

0 75 150

300

450

Feet 600

Figure 4 - Analysis of pedestrian patterns at dinner on a weekday is consistent with patterns from earlier in the day.

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45TH ST BETWEEN BROOKLYN & THE AVE 266 PEDESTRIANS PER HOUR

THE “AVE” BETWEEN 45TH & 47TH 885 PEDESTRIANS PER HOUR

17TH AVE NE

NE 47TH ST

NE 45TH ST

Future U-District Station

43RD ST BETWEEN THE AVE & 15TH 276 PEDESTRIANS PER HOUR

11TH AVE NE

ROOSEVELT WAY NE

NE 43RD ST

THE “AVE” BETWEEN 42ND & 43RD 1133 PEDESTRIANS PER HOUR University of Washington 15TH AVE NE

BROOKLYN AVE NE

12TH AVE NE

NE 42ND ST

NE 41ST ST

THE “AVE” BETWEEN 40TH & 41ST 331 PEDESTRIANS PER HOUR

NE CAMPUS PKWY

NE 40TH ST

0 75 150

300

450

Feet 600

Figure 6 - Analysis of pedestrian patterns at dinner on a weekend are consistent with patterns from earlier in the day. Traffic has increased on 45th, possibly due to activities on campus that evening.

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45TH ST BETWEEN BROOKLYN & THE AVE 575 PEDESTRIANS PER HOUR

THE “AVE” BETWEEN 45TH & 47TH 881 PEDESTRIANS PER HOUR

17TH AVE NE

NE 47TH ST

NE 45TH ST

Future U-District Station

43RD ST BETWEEN THE AVE & 15TH 270* PEDESTRIANS PER HOUR (*estimate)

11TH AVE NE

ROOSEVELT WAY NE

NE 43RD ST

THE “AVE” BETWEEN 42ND & 43RD 1124 PEDESTRIANS PER HOUR University of Washington 15TH AVE NE

BROOKLYN AVE NE

12TH AVE NE

NE 42ND ST

NE 41ST ST

THE “AVE” BETWEEN 40TH & 41ST 368 PEDESTRIANS PER HOUR

NE CAMPUS PKWY

NE 40TH ST

0 75 150

300

450

Feet 600

Figure 6 - Analysis of pedestrian patterns at dinner on a weekend are consistent with patterns from earlier in the day. Traffic has increased on 45th, possibly due to activities on campus that evening.

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BETWEEN 42ND & 43RD

BETWEEN 40TH & 41ST

WEEKDAY MODE BY AGE

WEEKDAY MODE BY AGE

BIKING AGE GROUP

AGE GROUP

BIKING

15-24 WALKING

25-39

15-24 WALKING

25-39

40-64

40-64

65+

65+

60

70

80

90

OTHER

0-14

OTHER

0-14

60

100

70

BIKING

BIKING

15-24 AGE GROUP

AGE GROUP

15-24 WALKING

25-39

WALKING

25-39

40-64

40-64

65+

65+

90

OTHER

0-14

OTHER

80

100

WEEKEND MODE BY AGE

0-14

70

90

BETWEEN 42ND & 43RD

BETWEEN 40TH & 41ST

WEEKEND MODE BY AGE

60

80

60

100

70

80

90

100

Figure 7 - Weekday & Weekend Mode Splits by location

LOCATION

WEEKEND USAGE BY AGE + MODE OTHER

0-14

# of people recorded

90

100

8

8

4

4

259

160

109

Average Per Hour

819

1698

1095

713

1036

639

436

Perceived Male

1411

1415

1545

783

1105

349

229

Perceived Female

1220

1136

1139

638

956

281

208

Unknown Gender

8

12

11

7

6

1

0

Perceived 0-14 Yrs Old

48

110

70

38

17

15

4

Perceived 15-24 Yrs Old

1584

1383

1175

626

677

402

287

Perceived 25-39 Yrs Old

786

774

891

467

972

117

83

Perceived 40-64 Yrs Old

212

272

374

240

353

82

45

Perceived 65+ Yrs Old

27

33

107

46

45

6

12

Standing

27

6

3

2

242

1

1

Sitting formal

2

0

0

0

3

1

0

Sitting informal

0

11

0

21

4

11

0

Leaning

1

1

1

1

0

0

0

Lying Down

0

0

0

0

0

1

0

Mobility Issues

4

0

6

1

0

2

2

Commercial

11

33

34

39

36

1

0

Consuming

54

28

15

26

84

0

2

Conversing

194

122

102

127

122

27

0

Cultural

1

1

0

5

1

3

0

Rec/Active

29

1

8

7

145

2

0

Waiting/Transfer

15

0

1

1

23

1

0

AGE GROUP AGE GROUP

40-64

65+

90

436

178

25-39

80

639

10

WALKING

70

2072

274

BIKING

60

7

1425

8

OTHER

15-24

6

2738

425

WEEKDAY USAGE BY AGE + MODE 0-14

5

3396

13

40-64

80

4

2662

205

WALKING

70

3

Average Per 15 min

25-39

60

2

# of recording periods

BIKING

15-24

65+

1

100

Figure 8 - Overall Mode Split & Location Data

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OVERALL AGE GROUP SPLIT AGE GROUPS WEEKEND

3.9%

0-14 15-24

3.7%

47.8%

0.9%

31.5%

49%

13%

34.8%

13.7%

25-39 40-64

1.6%

WEEKDAY

0

20

40

60

80

65+

100

PERCENTAGE

Figure 9 - Overall Age Group Split GRAPH TITLE 120

WEEKDAY

WEEKEND WEEKDAY

80 60

WEEKEND

40

HOURLY AVERAGE OF PEOPLE WALKING THROUGH THE AREA

DENSITY*

100

=

20 0

40TH & 41ST

*

42ND & 43RD

43%

57%

%

100

.8

97

♂ PERCIEVED MALE

100

UNKNOWN WEEKEND

WEEKEND

WEEKEND OBSERVATIONS

WEEKDAY

WEEKDAY

80

WEEKEND WEEKDAY

PERCEIVED MALE

60

WALKING

%

%

BIKING

0.

2

6%

0

%

20

WEEKDAY OBSERVATIONS

0.

3

55%

20 3.

9

♂

40

2.

45%

WEEKEND

PERCENTAGE

PERCENTAGE

40

PERCEIVED MALE

PERCEIVED FEMALE

80

60

PERCEIVED FEMALE

WEEKDAY

95

PERCEIVED FEMALE

.1

%

Figure 10 - Overall Pedestrian Volume at 2 Intersections

OTHER

Figure 11 - Overall Gender & Mode Data

11

0

WALKING

BIKING

OTHER

Figure 12 - Campus Parkway & University The Ave Eye Level Perspective

Figure 13 - Campus Parkway & University Ave Aerial Perspective

12

Figure 12 - 42nd & The Ave Eye Level Perspective

Figure 13 - 42nd & The Ave Aerial Perspective

13

Figure 14 - Brooklyn Ave & 43rd St Eye level Perspective - New Link Station

Figure 15 - Brooklyn Ave & 43rd St Aerial Perspective - New Link Station

14

Summary of Findings

BY MODE Overall, 95% of the observed people moving through the study area were on foot as pedestrians. Of the total observed people, 4% were bicyclists, and 1% were on other forms of transportation such as scooters, wheelchairs, and strollers. The findings did vary between street blocks, at different times, and between weekday and weekends.

BY AGE The overwhelming majority of observed people moving through the study area were between 15 and 39 years of age which corresponds with the University District having a high youth population, an expected observation being adjacent to any large University. Approximately 50% of all pedestrians observed were estimated as being between the ages of 15-24. The next largest observed age group for pedestrians was between 25-39 years of age and was a little more than 30% of total observed people. People between the ages of 40-64 represented a little less than 15% of total observed people. The age groups between 0-14 and above 65 both were approximately 2% of total pedestrians observed.

The breakdown for cyclists was similar, but had just shy of 50% of observed cyclists between 25-39 years of age, followed by 30% between 15-24 years of age. People between 40-64 represented approximately 18% of cyclists observed, and the age groups between 0-14 and above 65 both were approximately 2% of total pedestrians observed.

BY PERCEIVED GENDER Over the course of the study, 45% of observed people were perceived as being female. In regard to walking, a little more than half of the participants were male, and the corresponding number female. There was little variation between weekday and weekend observations. Bicyclists were more often male, approximately 65% male on weekdays and 70% on weekends. Other forms of transportation used were also more common among men, with over 70% of observed users being male during weekdays, 15% being female, and 15% unknown or unrecorded. The number of males using other forms of transit on weekends did not change significantly, but females represented approximately 25% of the observation.

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DETAILED FINDINGS

Location 1: University between 40th and 41st Sidewalks along this section of University Way are generally wide; approximately 9 feet of space is available for pedestrian use, though that 9 feet is narrowed to 4 feet where tree wells lie along the path. The traffic lane between 40th and Campus Parkway is extra wide, and sharrows indicate a shared pathway for automobile and bicycle use. Cyclists have a separate, painted lane in the uphill, northbound lane. Parallel parking is allowed along both sides of street. Sidewalk paving at intersections has been widened to accommodate pedestrian flow. Right of way on University Way is 60 feet wide.

Figure 16 - Street Section on University Way and 41st. Credit: Michelle Surber

Figure 17 - University Way and 41st, looking north, east, and south. Credit: Brad Valtman

Figure 18 - University Way and Campus Parkway, looking north, east, and south. Credit: Brad Valtman

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BETWEEN 42ND & 43RD

BETWEEN 40TH & 41ST

WEEKDAY MODE BY AGE

WEEKDAY MODE BY AGE

BIKING AGE GROUP

AGE GROUP

BIKING

15-24 WALKING

25-39

15-24 WALKING

25-39

40-64

40-64

65+

65+

60

70

80

90

OTHER

0-14

OTHER

0-14

60

100

70

BIKING

BIKING

15-24 AGE GROUP

AGE GROUP

15-24 WALKING

25-39

WALKING

25-39

40-64

40-64

65+

65+

90

OTHER

0-14

OTHER

80

100

WEEKEND MODE BY AGE

0-14

70

90

BETWEEN 42ND & 43RD

BETWEEN 40TH & 41ST

WEEKEND MODE BY AGE

60

80

60

100

70

80

90

100

Figure 19 - University Way and Campus Parkway, looking north, east, and south. Credit: Brad Valtman

On University Way between 40th and 41st where some of the lesser foot traffic was observed during our course of observations, sidewalks vary drastically in width and building use is mainly academic; the presence of the University of Washington is strong in this area. Pedestrians are faced with crossing Campus Parkway, an intersection that has long and sometimes confusing wait times, presenting high cases of jaywalking. In our analysis we found that this area had a higher percentage of middle-aged cyclists compared to other age groups, and the largest number of pedestrians passing through during weekday lunch hours.

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Location 2: University Way between 42nd and 43rd Sidewalks along this section of University Way vary from 11 to 17 feet; the area reserved for green space, benches, bus shelters, and other amenities can claim up to 8 feet of this space. Open space on sidewalks is occasionally narrowed to as little at 6½ feet. Both traffic lanes are the same width, and the presence of sharrows along these lanes indicated shared use between vehicular and bicycle traffic. Parallel parking is allowed in clusters along both sides of the roads, interrupted by the occasional curb bulb for bus stop facilities, a mid-block crosswalk, and a parklet for bistro seating and bicycle parking. Right of way on University Way is 60 feet wide.

Figure 20 - Street Section at University Way and 42nd. Credit: Michelle Surber

BETWEEN 42ND & 43RD

BETWEEN 40TH & 41ST

WEEKDAY MODE BY AGE

WEEKDAY MODE BY AGE

BIKING

BIKING

15-24

AGE GROUP

AGE GROUP

OTHER

0-14

OTHER

0-14

WALKING

25-39

15-24 WALKING

25-39

40-64

40-64

65+

65+

60 Figure 21 - 70 University80Way and 90 43rd, looking north, east, and south. Credit: Brad70Valtman 60 100

90

100

WEEKEND MODE BY AGE

WEEKDAY WEEKEND MODE BYMODE AGE BY AGE OTHER

0-14

0-14

80

BETWEEN 42ND & 43RD

BETWEEN 42ND & 43RD BETWEEN 40TH & 41ST

OTHER

0-14

OTHER

40-64 65+

60

WALKING WALKING

25-39

15-24 AGE GROUP

25-39

BIKING

BIKING

15-24

WALKING

25-39

40-64

40-64

65+

65+

60

70

70

Figure 22

80

80

90

90

100

100

60

70

80

90

100

BETWEEN 42ND & 43RD

WEEKEND MODE BY AGE OTHER

0-14 University Way between 42nd and 43rd has sidewalks that are very inviting and bustling with pedestrians. The BIKING 15-24 at Bulldog News invites people to rest and enjoy a bite to eat. The variation in building use and type allow parklet WALKING for 25-39 an interesting and interactive walk along the Ave. On the weekend, we observed an uptick of parents with children in strollers (strollers were noted in the “other” mode in the 0 to 14 age group). Generally, there were the 40-64 highest number of observed pedestrians and bicyclists along this block of the Ave, with fewer bicyclists observed 65+ weekend than the weekday, and fewer compared to University Way between 40th and 41st. on the AGE GROUP

AGE GROUP

15-24

AGE GROUP

BIKING

60

70

80

90

100

18

Location 3: 45th between University Way and Brooklyn Avenue Sidewalks along 45th street are 11 feet in width. Green space is spare, claiming less than 4 feet of the walking width. The narrowest part of the walk is still close to 7 feet in width. Four traffic lanes are provided, with the outside lanes in either direction indicating shared used by automobiles and bicyclist through sharrow markings. The outside traffic lanes are also used frequently by buses heading in both directions. No parking is allowed along the street. Right of way on 45th Avenue is 72 feet wide.

Figure 23 - Street Section at 45th St between University Ave and Brooklyn. Credit: Michelle Surber

WEEKEND USAGE BY AGE + MODE OTHER

0-14

BIKING

15-24

Average Per WALKING

AGE GROUP

# of people re # of recording

25-39

Average P

Perceive

Perceived

40-64

Unknown Perceived 0-14

65+

Perceived 15-24

Figure 24 - 45th Avenue between University Way and Brooklyn, looking east, north, and west. Credit: Brad Valtman 60

80

90

WEEKDAY USAGE BY AGE + MODE OTHER

0-14

0-14 # of people recorded

BIKING

15-24

AGE GROUP

WALKING

25-39

Perceived 65+

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

2662

3396

2738

1425

2072

639

436

# of recording periods

13

8

10

8

8

4

4

15-24 Average Per 15 min

205

425

274

178

259

160

109

819

1698

1095

713

1036

639

436

Perceived Male

1411

1415

1545

783

1105

349

229

Average Per Hour

25-39

Perceived Female

1220

1136

1139

638

956

281

208

40-64Unknown Gender

8

12

11

7

6

1

0

Perceived 0-14 Yrs Old

48

110

70

38

17

15

4

65+

65+ 15-24 Yrs Old Perceived

1584

1383

1175

626

677

402

287 83

60

70

80

90

100

WEEKDAY USAGE BY AGE + MODE OTHER

S OTHER

40-64

Figure 25

Perceived 40-64

100

LOCATION

WEEKEND USAGE BY AGE + MODE

AGE GROUP

70

Perceived 25-39

Perceived 25-39 Yrs Old

786

774

891

467

972

117

Perceived 6040-64 Yrs Old

70 212

272

374 80

240

353 90

82

Perceived 65+ Yrs Old

27

33

107

46

45

6

12

Standing

27

6

3

2

242

1

1

BIKING

2

0

0

0

3

1

0

Sitting informal

0

11

0

21

4

11

0

Leaning

1

1

1

1

0

0

0

Lying Down

0

0

0

0

0

1

0

Mobility Issues

4

0

6

1

0

2

2

Commercial

11

33

34

39

36

1

0

Consuming

54

28

15

26

84

0

2

Conversing

194

122

102

127

122

27

0

Cultural

1

1

0

5

1

3

0

Rec/Active

29

1

8

7

145

2

0

Waiting/Transfer

15

0

1

1

23

1

0

0-14 On 45th Ave between University Way and Brooklyn Ave the sidewalks are narrow, and walking is more unpleasant than15-24many of the other streets that run perpendicular to the Ave. This is partially due to the four lanes of vehicular traffic, but also because of the taller, blank walls, and overall less pedestrian-friendly buildings that flank 45th. We 25-39 observed the highest foot traffic during weekdays, the most being during lunch hours.

BIKING

AGE GROUP

WALKING

40-64

65+

60

70

80

90

100

19

Sitting i

L WALKING

45 100

Sitting formal

Sitting

Lying

Mobilit

Com

Con

Con

Rec

Waiting/T

CONCLUSION The overall goal of this project was to provide baseline pedestrian, bicycle, and other non-motorized transportation mode counts and observations between NE 40th and NE 47th Streets along University Way NE. It is anticipated that the density of aforementioned modes of transportation will greatly increase once the new light rail station on the corner of Brooklyn and 43rd opens. The highest amount of non-motorized density fell between 42nd and 43rd street, along University Way. Since this is already a highly trafficked area, and is in close proximity to the future light rail station, we recommend future studies regarding safety of pedestrians, bicyclists, and other nonmotorized forms of traffic focus on this area to better ensure the safety of all non-motorized users.

LIMITATIONS While analyzing our data collection we noticed a significant problem that arose from the way we recorded our observations. The observation form that we used, based on the Gehl Protocol in use at Seattle’s Department of Transportation, limited accurate analysis when groups were recorded. For every passing person, we recorded our observations in one single row per person, filling in their perceived age and gender, mode and additional activities such as eating or talking. Marks were placed for each of these perceptions, however, when groups were recorded, each group observation received a single row in the table. This was not initially an issue and made for interesting observations of group dynamics, but became limited when trying to figure out what group member was what age and what perceived gender, and so on. The count and observation forms can be found in Appendix 1.

We were also ill equipped due to the sheer number of pedestrians in some locations when recording detailed observations. Some observers had to abandon observations when the number of people passing by became too large to record. While these detailed observations are interesting, our simple mode counts recorded with clickers are far more accurate.

We therefore want to preface our analysis, warning future researchers to review these data collection methods in hope more accurate analysis could occur. Future data collection attempts would benefit from distillation of necessary data for each category and integration of an electronic- or web-based survey mechanism as well as additional team members at each location.

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APPENDICES APPENDIX 1 - Copies of the forms we used to gather data MODE COUNTS Name: Date: Weather: Street counting on: Between:

&

Block face (plan view)

Time:

Peds:

Bike:

Skateboard:

Bikeshare:

E-assist:

Other (specify):

Scooter:

Notes:

MODE COUNTS Name: Date: Weather: Street counting on: Between:

&

Block face (plan view)

Time:

Peds:

Bike:

Skateboard:

Bikeshare:

Scooter:

Notes:

21

E-assist:

Other (specify):

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

22

waiting/transfer

recreational/active

cultural

posture

conversing

consuming

commercial

mobility issues

lying down

leaning

perceived age

sitting informal

sitting formal

standing

65+ years

40-64 years

25-39 years

perceived gndr

15-24 years

0-14 years

unknown

female

mode

male

other (specify mode)

on bike

walking

number

OBSERVATION RECORD Name: Location (Block): Date: Weather: Times Recording:

activities

Appendix 2 - Data Summary

APPENDIX 2 - Data Summary LOCATION 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

# of people recorded

2662

3396

2738

1425

2072

639

436

# of recording periods

13

8

10

8

8

4

4

Average Per 15 min

205

425

274

178

259

160

109

Average Per Hour

819

1698

1095

713

1036

639

436

Perceived Male

1411

1415

1545

783

1105

349

229

Perceived Female

1220

1136

1139

638

956

281

208

Unknown Gender

8

12

11

7

6

1

0

Perceived 0-14 Yrs Old

48

110

70

38

17

15

4

Perceived 15-24 Yrs Old

1584

1383

1175

626

677

402

287

Perceived 25-39 Yrs Old

786

774

891

467

972

117

83

Perceived 40-64 Yrs Old

212

272

374

240

353

82

45

Perceived 65+ Yrs Old

27

33

107

46

45

6

12

Standing

27

6

3

2

242

1

1

Sitting formal

2

0

0

0

3

1

0

Sitting informal

0

11

0

21

4

11

0

Leaning

1

1

1

1

0

0

0

Lying Down

0

0

0

0

0

1

0

Mobility Issues

4

0

6

1

0

2

2

Commercial

11

33

34

39

36

1

0

Consuming

54

28

15

26

84

0

2

Conversing

194

122

102

127

122

27

0

Cultural

1

1

0

5

1

3

0

Rec/Active

29

1

8

7

145

2

0

Waiting/Transfer

15

0

1

1

23

1

0

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APPENDIX 3 - Additional Study Areas Location 4: 43rd between 15th Avenue and University Way Sidewalks along 43rd are generally 9 to 10 feet in width, narrowed to 6½ feet by the presence of light posts, mailboxes, and other site furnishing. There are no street trees along this stretch of road. Two traffic lanes provide generous space for vehicular movement, and parking is provided uninterrupted along both sides of the street.

There are no shared or separated bicycle lanes indicated in this area. Right of way on 43rd Street is 60 feet wide.

Highest number of pedestrians within a 15-minute time period in this area was 168, and the lowest was 38.

Figure 26 - Street Section on 15th Ave between 14th Ave and University Way. Credit: Michelle Surber

Figure 27 - 43rd between 15th and University Way, looking east, north, and west. Credit: Brad Valtman

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Location 5: 15th between 42nd and 43rd Sidewalks widths vary widely, from 12 feet to 22 feet. Four lanes of vehicular traffic allow travel in both directions, and significant numbers of bus routes share this road. There are no indications of bicycle facilities or sharrows. The eastern side of the street provides some expansive green space, while green space on the west is separated from pedestrian traffic by a concrete retaining wall. This wall creates a barrier which funnels traffic into the University at specific points. Right of way on 15th St is 78 feet wide.

Highest number of pedestrians within a 15-minute time period in this area was 129, and the lowest was 25.

Figure 28 - Street Section on 15th Ave between 42nd and 43rd. Credit: Michelle Surber

Figure 29 - 15th Avenue between 42nd and 43rd, looking north, west, and south. Credit: Brad Valtman

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Location 6: University Way between 43rd and 45th Sidewalks along this section of University Way vary from 11 to 17 feet; the area reserved for green space, benches, bus shelters, and other amenities can claim up to 8 feet of this space. Both traffic lanes are the same width, and the presence of sharrows along these lanes indicated shared use between vehicular and bicycle traffic. Parallel parking is allowed in clusters along both sides of the roads, with the majority of parking on the east side of the road and limited parking on the west. This area reclaims some of the parking lane for bus stop facilities, bicycle parking, site furnishings, and a mid-block crosswalk. Right of way on University Way is 60 feet wide.

Largest number of pedestrians within a 15-minute time period in this area was 204, and the lowest was 179.

Figure 30 - Street Section on University Way between 43rd and 45th. Credit: Michelle Surber

Figure 31 - University Way between 43rd and 45th, looking north, east, and south. Credit: Brad Valtman

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Location 7: University Way between 45th and 47th Sidewalks along this section of University Way vary from 11 to 17 feet; the area reserved for green space, benches, bus shelters, and other amenities can claim up to 8 ½ feet of this space. Both traffic lanes are the same width, and the presence of sharrows along these lanes indicated shared use between vehicular and bicycle traffic. Parallel parking is allowed in small clusters along both sides of the roads, with a large amount of parking lane reclaimed for pedestrian use. Curbed bulbs provide bus shelter facilities and a wider walking surface, and painted bump outs provide bicycle parking. Right of way on University Way is 60 feet wide.

Largest number of pedestrians within a 15-minute time period in this area was 331, and the lowest was 92.

Figure 32 - Street Section on University Way between 45th and 47th Credit: Michelle Surber

Figure 33: University Way between 45th and 47th, looking north, east, and south. Credit: Brad Valtman

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APPENDIX 4 - Infographic General Findings Overview

WALKING & BIKING in the U-DISTRICT 0-14 Years

4.5

10

4%

1%

out of perceived as Female

15-24 Years

25-39 Years

are bicyclists

other

40-64 Years

65+ Years 0%

47%

10%

of bicyclists were perceived as between 25-39 Years Old

20%

30%

40%

50%

50%

of pedestrians were perceived as between 15-24 Years Old

95%

are pedestrians

Eric Clute Figure 34: Infographic for U District Mobility Workshop May 30th, 2018. Credit: Eric Clute

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UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON, MAY 30, 2018

CITATIONS Cover Photo: King County Parks Your Big Backyard. “Flickr.” Flickr, Seattle, WA, 8 June 2018, www.flickr.com/photos/ kingcountyparks/34625620551/in/photolist-UKKmDM-U6BJsR-UKKnm8-p5M7gn-d8V3S3-4yRQiY-pbBybA4MenL4-bXxbRu-BtMmd-VU9sLy-dQeeeo-i8CEcN-enBRGu-BtNvb-5MZx6J-enBKi1-a1Sn72-enBw6h-drxQ6N-pEcHRs-en2HtF-en3o7a-9zMnNa-en3Doi-TEXgHw-f96pDQ-ex8GUY-47vqwL-i14sUf-en3v1Z-21MGkS54XX3VF-csWo7y-6kZj8A-BtCXx-6BHuah-BtEJy-FrLXbC-aoP1aC-2KBzD-niuoqr-a42nHr-BtEJP-aDgewP-54jgjNq73Zi-54jfQw-e1NtmP-5N8fkq/.

Figure 1 Sound Transit. “Sound Transit.” Sound Transit, 8 June 2018, www.soundtransit.org/sites/default/files/images/projects_ plans/find_a_project/universitylnkex/locations_and_stations/udistrictstation/012414_udistrict_constructionalertmap.jpg.

Photo 1: University District Station Construction Tyler. “2017-03-30 11.53.38.” Flickr, Seattle, WA, 8 June 2018, www.flickr.com/photos/erocsid/32905738174/in/ photolist-S8Lvxm-TnWZnj-SZ1BTm-Sijuqy-TDNpMJ-TDLG83-THV5Fi-Sror2U-SRzzqs-SrnWZm-TwpDNx-SXnLr3SRzmiA-TcZses-ToqrrV-ShrPQh-TzRzEr-TrzkuT-SijBL5-TcHUQA-Trz7E4-Tkc6yd-SkFrPA-Sa4MCN-Tm4zzd-SjHyqVT8RYrE-TyXTSx-Su3Uac-Srooih-TyNS7c-TkKWS3-TyNPH4-THUTDZ-Sr3nw7-THUEMX-SikaRs-TDwuCh-SZTcf1TvmbyE-Sik4Nq-ZLuv1f-TwegXd-TopEit-Tc2iP3-TzRozv-SZT5hy-Td1zXS-Tc2iQA-Toqh6R. Photo 2: University District Street Fair Mabel, Joe. “Niversity District Street Fair, University District, Seattle, Washington.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Commons, Seattle, WA, 8 June 2018, commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:U._Dist._Street_Fair_2007_-_02.jpg.

Photo 3: University Bookstore Mabel, Joe. “Niversity District Street Fair, University District, Seattle, Washington.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Commons, Seattle, WA, 8 June 2018, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Seattle_-_University_Book_Store_01.jpg Graphic: By Mode 8ties. “No Pedestrian Or Bicycles”. The Noun Project 8 June 2018 https://thenounproject.com/search/?q=bicycle%20pedestrian&i=1145489 Graphic: By Age Marie Van den Broeck. “Big Family”. The Noun Project 8 June 2018 https://thenounproject.com/search/?q=young%20and%20old&i=236207 Graphic: By Perceived Gender Dara Ullrich. “People”. The Noun Project 8 June 2018 https://thenounproject.com/search/?q=People&i=71659

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