Urban Precinct Studio Issues, Opportunities and Vision Report

SUNSHINE PRECINCT ISSUES, OPPORTUNITIES AND VISIONING REPORT ASSIGNMENT TWO

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TE AM

ABPL30060: URBAN PRECINCT STUDIO THE HEALTHY PRECINCT STUDIO Copyright ©2018 COURSE COORDINATOR: Dr. Hyung Min Kim SENIOR TUTOR: Dr. Kiran Shinde TUTOR: Dr. Leila Mahmoudi Farahani

ARIANNA GARAY 758843 arianna.ina.garay@gmail.com Culture Identity & History and Editor

BRIENER YU 815649 briener.yu@gmail.com Transport and Logistics

JUSTIN HO 791541 hopakhojustin@gmail.com Health and Community

QAISARA MOHAMAD 834920 qaiqbl@gmail.com Housing & Development and Co-Editor

This subject was created by the University of Melbourne under the Bachelor of Environments course, currently affiliated with the Melbourne School of Design and the Faculty of Architecture, Building and Planning. It is the capstone subject for the Urban Planning and Design Major.

Any maps, photographs, drawings and edited pictures that appear within this submission belongs to the students, unless listed otherwise.

All items taken online or within university sources are cited and sources can be found either within the page or in the bibliography at the end of the report.

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table

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PART B: ISSUES, OPPORTUNITIES AND VISIONING

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B.1

INTRODUCTION TO THE THEMES

B.2

IDENTIFIED ISSUES

B.3 IDENTIFIED OPPORTUNITIES 10

B.4

VISIONS FOR THE PRECINCT AND OBJECTIVES

B.5

TOWARDS CREATING A PRECINCT STRUCTURE PLAN

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BIBLIOGRAPHY 15 Clarke Street Pedestrian Thoroughfare Photograph by Arianna G. Hugh V. McKay Pedestrian Bridge (Cover Photo) Photograph by Arianna G. KEY FIGURES AND MAPS

VIEWING RECOMMENDATIONS

Figure 1 ISSUES MAP 7 Figure 2 CYCLING AND WALKABILITY MAP 7 Figure 3 CAR DEPENDENCY MAP 8 Figure 4 WALKABILITY MAP AND ACCESS TO AMENITIES 9 Figure 5 OPPORTUNITIES MAP 11

Method One: Download the PDF and please press the “fit to page” icon at the top of the Acrobat Reader program to ensure a full page view, or go to the bar tab above and press View>Page Display>Two Page View to view the document as a spread.

Method Two: Alternatively, follow the link below to view this publication on Issuu, for a relaxed and easy viewing process: https://issuu.com/ariannagaray/docs/sp_thps_io_v_report

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B.1

INTRODUCTION TO THE THEMES

Through the earlier analysis report, there were several identified aspects of the Sunshine Precinct that presents potential for Sunshine to become a distinct and recognized city within Victoria.

Upon further exploration, six major themes were identified in regards to the area.

These major themes will provide clear subjects of discussion corresponding to the distinguished issues and opportunities found within the precinct.

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ACCESS & CONNECTIVITY

EMPLOYMENT

Access and Connectivity is an integral part of established cities around Victoria and the world.

Employment is a necessity in all cities around the world and is an important aspect of our daily lives.

Establishing a successful multi-modal transport network within a city leads to room for growth and innovation. Creating possibilities to turn Sunshine into a transit-oriented urban area will make it a leading activity centre within Victoria in the future.

It leads to innovation and progression within areas and industries.

Walkability, Public Transport and Vehicular Travel are all important aspects that build access adn connectivity within an area, but finding the perfect balance between these three aspects, as well as making it user-centric and user friendly, is often the challenge in order to create a great place.

Sunshine has been recognized as one of the seven key National Employment and Innovation Clusters around Victoria (NEIC).

(DPLTI, 2014, p.30).

As an NEIC, Sunshine will provide access and diversity to employment opportunities around Victoria, as well as promote business growth as an innovative measure.

(DPLTI, 2014).

CULTURE, DIVERSITY & IDENTITY Culture, Diversity and Identity as a reputation within a city sets an initial precedent idea on how an individual will experience the city and its community.

Within the initial Urban Analysis Report (Garay, Ho, Mohamad & Yu, 2018), Sunshine has a rich tapestry of history and culture that dates back to its establishment in the 1860’s.

The presence of this within the site presents unique opportunities to turn Sunshine into a vibrant hub of cultural activity within Victoria’s growing west.

you,

? e n i h s n u S

EDUCATION Education allows for improvement and innovation within cities in terms of its industries and amenities. It empowers communities in their economic and personal growth, as well as provide for the potential for future businesses and developments within the public and private realms of the precinct.

Sunshine offers a significant amount of education facilities for all ages.

A key significant aspect within proximity of the precinct , as well as it being recognised as an NEIC, would be the Sunshine Health, Wellbeing and Education Precinct (SHWEP). (DPLTI, 2014, p.31) & (BCC & VPA, 2017).

DEVELOPMENT & INFRASTRUCTURE

CHARACTER & COMMUNITY

A basic fundamental to creating growth and innovation within a city is to provide and encourage incentives for future development and infrastructure.

Character and Community looks into the imperceptible aspects of what defines the ambience of a local area.

New developments allow for growth in businesses and amenities, while infrastructure provides the basic organisational and physical structure that allows for societies to function and operate.

As highlighted within the previous urban analysis report of Sunshine (Garay, Ho, Mohamad & Yu, 2018), introduction of new urban growth zones and activity centres create incentives for new development and infrastructure within the heart of the precinct as well as its neighbouring areas.

It looks to the social sciences of what defines a community; within its sense of place, its relationships and its politics. (Chavis & Wanderman, 1990, p.56).

Generating good public character and community within the area not only improves the lives and happiness of the local population, but also builds on the reputation and integrity of the area in terms of its defining perception within external communities.

WHAT THIS DOCUMENT ENTAILS This report looks towards creating thoughtful analysis within these themes and creating a vision towards the possibility of what Sunshine could be in the future.

This will be determined through identifying significant issues and opportunities within the urban context and through the use of the existing urban analysis report.

Upon completing the vision, objectives on how to improve identified issues will be specified towards the end of the document and will set the precedent on future documents proposing a new and improved healthy activity centre within the Sunshine Precinct.

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B.2

IDENTIFIED ISSUES WITHIN SUNSHINE

Identifying issues within designated precincts is an important step to creating a better space for the public.

The issues identified have been a result through the research created within the first urban analysis report, upon correlating existing data or through further research, which will be highlighted in this section of the document.

Other modes of research that were carried out in identifying these issues were done through on-site observations. Several visits were carried out in order to learn and most importantly, experience the site.

With this bottom-up approach on identifying issues, a subjective experience will work as the lens that will provide the human scale needed in making the Sunshine precinct user-centric.

The issues identified within the site have been allocated to the themes specified in the previous pages and have also been mapped out on the site to give context.

6 ISSUES

d e v o r p m i be What can

in

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IDENTIFIED ISSUES ALLOCATED TO THE THEMES ACCESS AND CONNECTIVITY

EDUCATION

A.1

HIGH RISK FACTOR ROADS Major arterial roads present a signifi- cant risk factor within the precinct.

This aspect of Sunshine doesn’t have any significant issues that directly affect its public users.

A.2

TRAVEL SITUATION TO EMPLOYMENT A large portion of local citizens travel outside the precinct for work.

A.3

CAR DEPENDENCY This problem is prominent within suburbs that exist outside the inner metropolitan area of Victoria.

There were several issues identified that affect the location and access of various institutions around Sunshine and those are covered within the access and connectivity component.

A.4

AMENITIES ARE CONCENTRATED Most amenities are located within the main activity centre, Hampshire Road.

DEVELOPMENT AND INFRASTRUCTURE E.1

EMPLOYMENT B.1

LOW LOCAL EMPLOYMENT RATE Majority of the local population work outside the precinct.

INCREASING POPULATION DENSITY As specified in the earlier urban analysis report, the population of Sunshine has risen by 6.74% between 2016-2017, which is triple the Victorian average. The precinct will need to provide new developments and infrastructure to for this growth pattern, in terms of housing and employment.

CHARACTER AND COMMUNITY

B.2 HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT RATE

A significant percentage of the local

population have no jobs or fixed rate of income.

F.1

LACK OF ACTIVITIES/ENTERTAINMENT Although Sunshine is not far behind the state average in terms of its ‘play’ score (4.3), it is still significantly far behind Melbourne CBD (10). (PwC, 2018).

This is explained further in page 9.

F.2

PHYSICALLY INACTIVE DEMOGRAPHIC A large percentage of Sunshine’s residents do not engage in physical activities.

F.3

HIGH NUMBER OF INFORMAL/CLOSED OFF AREAS There is a high number of open spaces within the Sunshine precinct and within immediate surrounding area, but a large percentage of the areas are informal or are closed-off.

CULTURE, DIVERSITY AND IDENTITY Fortunately, culture, diversity and identity are not major issues within the site. If there are any present issues, we have decided that they are subjective to the personal experience of the user. The issues of this theme is hard to identify without current data, and the instances available are qualitative and are not quantifiable data.

Further analysis may be brought up on a later date through the use of case studies.

FIGURE 2

The Issues Map creates a general overview of the context surrounding the precinct and the footprints and areas that correlate to the issues that have been identified within the site.

The cycling and walkability catchment map shows the importance of how people get around the area without the support or use of public transport and cars. The walkability aspect of this map covers a 500m walkability radius. It is easily observable from this map that there is a large discord between walking from one’s residence in Sunshine to local amenities and entertainment facilities. It can also be said that walking to nearby train stations would be hard for most residents as the walkability catchment area doesn’t really reach the station.

FIGURE 1

PRECINCT AREA: 148ha Cycling and Walkability Map by Qaisara M. HEALTHY STUDIO Issues Map by Arianna G.

SUNSHINE PRECINCT

ISSUES

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EMPLOYMENT

ACCESS & CONNECTIVITY RELEVANT DEMOGRAPHICS

SUNSHINE

FIGURE 3

A.1

A.2

GREATER MELBOURNE

SUNSHINE

62% DRIVE TO WORK 4.4% CYCLE OR WALK

56.3% DRIVE TO WORK 2.8% CYCLE OR WALK

HIGH RISK FACTOR ROADS Ballarat Road and Anderson Road through to Sunshine Avenue both present major risk factors to the surrounding community. These roads consist of 3 lanes on both sides and lack proper pedestrian crossings. They also function as large boudaries that create a discord in access between the areas they divide.

TRAVEL SITUATION TO EMPLOYMENT As represented in the statistics, 68.5% of citizens within the precinct work outside of Sunshine. This means that residents spend a significant portion of their time commuting to work.

8 ISSUES

4.3% HAVE NO FIXED LOCATION FOR WORK

27.2% LIVE IN AND WORK WITHIN THE AREA

68.5% LIVE IN THE AREA BUT WORK OUTSIDE

A.3

CAR DEPENDENCY Almost 80% ofthe households within the precinct own at least one vehicle, making this a very car dependent city.

There are also a significant number of carparks within the area, as well as side street parking. These parking areas cover at least 15% of the area of our precinct (~22.2ha).

A.4

AMENITIES ARE CONCENTRATED Most amenities are located within the main activity centre, Hampshire Road. Upon looking at the walkability and cycling map, most users cannot even access necessities by walking which is probably why they drive there instead.

1-5% WORK IN THE AREA

6-8.5% WORK IN THE AREA

6-7% WORK IN THE AREA

18% WORK IN THE AREA

B.1

LOW LOCAL EMPLOYMENT RATE According to the demographic above, around 6-8.5% of people that live within the precinct actually work there.

There may be a correlation between this and the education levels of the residents within Sunshine.

B.2

HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT RATE 11.9% of people above 15 years of age are unemployed in Sunshine, making it the second highest area of unemployment in Melbourne and is considered the 11th most disadvantaged city within Australia. Comparing Victoria to Sunshine, Sunshine stands at 11.3% of individuals who are unemployed and Victoria at 6.6%.

DEVELOPMENT & INFRASTRUCTURE CHARACTER & COMMUNITY

POPULATION INCREASE

All walkability catchment maps were subject to a 500m walkability path, under the context that the person walking is an adult of average health.

CURRENT HOUSING SITUATION

FIGURE 4

FUTURE HOUSING SITUATION

AN APPROXIMATION OF 19,138 PROPERTIES WILL BE BUILT IN SUNSHINE BY 2051 BRIMBANK PLANNING POLICY, 2017

E.1

INCREASING POPULATION DENSITY Sunshine is currently experiencing an increase in its population and this will continue into the future.

F.1

Due to the statistics above, the demand for more housing is critical to accommodate the population growth.

LACK OF ACTIVITIES/ENTERTAINMENT Sunshine has an active community of individuals participating in non-organised physical activities but are less likely to involve themselves in formal activities. As shown in the map, the gyms and recreational centres within the chosen precinct are situated on locations away from the residential zones.

As quoted from Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning (DELWP, 2018), there is a “…need for medium density housing or at least more housing because of the National Employment and Innovation Centre (NEIC) Precinct Structure Plan (PSP)”.

However, as shown in the map, most of the residential areas are not covered in the 500m catchments of the gyms and recreational areas in our precinct. Therefore, the gyms in our precinct are less accessible for the residents. Moreover, the choices for recreational clubs are limited. Although the catchment of recreational clubs covers more residential areas compare to that of gyms’, amongst all the recreational clubs, there is only one recreational club, which is the Sunshine Leisure Club, that provides facilities that are suitable for general public.

19,138 properties of different densities are expected to be erected within Sunshine by 2051 (BPP, 2017). This will hopefully accommodate the growing population.

For the other recreational clubs, such as the North Sunshine Football club, North Sunshine tennis club and the Sunshine cricket club, these sport clubs usually organise sport competitions which are only suitable for local players for the sports teams.

F.2

PHYSICALLY INACTIVE DEMOGRAPHIC A large percentage of Sunshine’s residents do not engage in physical activities.

F.3

HIGH NUMBER OF INFORMAL/CLOSED OFF AREAS The informal and closed spaces in the precinct appear vacant. These informal spaces can also be trespassed easily as there is lack of security. Therefore, these spaces create a bad image of insecurity for visitors.

The informal spaces will also decrease the sense of belonging with the area. It is because these vacant spaces cannot provide residents with a sense of place as it is inaccessible and lack features. As multicultural diversity is one of the distinct characteristics in our precinct, these informal spaces have the potential to foster a sense of community. This is because public spaces can provide chances for neighbours to encounter each other, which will foster the sense of community (Giles-Corti, Francis, Wood, & Knuiman, 2012).

There is also an informal discourse on how some of these spaces create areas for crime and anti-social behaviours to occur.

ISSUES

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B.3

in e r a s e i t i opportun

What

IDENTIFIED OPPORTUNITIES ALLOCATED TO THE THEMES A.1

The Suburban Rail Loop Project: Announced on the 28th of August, the state government plans for a new suburban rail loop project that will connect every major railway line, of which, Sunshine was chosen to be the main terminal. (Jacks & Preiss, 2018).

There have been many parts of the previous analysis report that have indicated that Sunshine has every potential to become a great precinct, most especially, a diverse and distinct healthy precinct.

OPPORTUNITIES

D.1

CLOSE PROXIMITY TO EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES The precinct is in close proximity to Victoria University, various primary and secondary institutions. These close proximities to education facilities presents to residents the chance to build relationships between other individuals and institutions to enhance their skills, gain connections and open doors to other opportunities.

D.2

AMPLIFYING AND SUPPORTING THE SUNSHINE HEALTH, WELLBEING AND EDUCATION PRECINCT The plan intends to facilitate 5702 new jobs in the education sector within the Sunshine Hospital and Victoria University areas by 2051. Current facilities aid in creating future growth areas near residential districts.

DEVELOPMENT AND INFRASTRUCTURE

E.1

EMPLOYMENT B.1

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DIVERSE RANGE OF PUBLIC TRANSIT OPTIONS Sunshine has the potential and is already working towards becoming a major multi-modal transport hub.

There are several state government projects in place that will make this precinct even more accessible by public transport.

They are: The Airport Railway Link: As of the 22nd of July, 2018, the Andrews Government has pledge $5bn to create an airport railway link to the city, which will run through the precinct’s two major stations, Albion and Sunshine stations. (Towell, 2018).

Upon identifying the issues within the precinct, areas of opportunity begins to present itself within the map.

With this in mind, a significant amount of the opportunities that presents itself within the precinct have been aligned to the desired outcome and planning of these PSPs.

EDUCATION

ACCESS AND CONNECTIVITY

IDENTIFIED OPPORTUNITIES WITHIN SUNSHINE

There are already several precinct structure plans in place within the area and within the surrounding area that will promote aspects that are desired within a healthy precinct.

? e n i h s n Su

MAJOR ZONING CHANGES Zoning changes within the area have been made to promote cultivation of new employment opportunities and to generate and create more business opportunities.

New rezoning will expand the current activity centre and create more residential growth development in areas for medium density housing and activities. The activity centre will be highly utilized for different mixed uses, easing the connection and accessibility for the citizens living in Sunshine.

B.2 A NATIONAL EMPLOYMENT AND INNOVATION CLUSTER As previously stated in Plan Melbourne 2050 (DPLTI, 2014), Sunshine has been recognised as one of the 7 major precinct areas that will become a national employment and innovation cluster.

E.2 CREATING NEW AND EXTENDING THE CYCLING INFRASTRUCTURE Sunshine is a car dependent suburb and this is evident from the lack of feasible bicycle networks that aid in encouraging active transport. This provides a discourse that there needs to be safe spaces for individuals to cycle and that cycling should also be promoted as a mode of transport to jobs and activities.

The current population views cycling as a more recreational activity and there is room to change this sort of thinking.

CHARACTER AND COMMUNITY F.1

CULTURE, DIVERSITY AND IDENTITY C.1

GROWTH OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESSES The precinct has the potential to grow local independent businesses that cater to the diverse demographics within Sunshine. The range of needs and wants by individuals and groups create an identity for the area, potentially rewarding the precinct in the future.

C.2

CELEBRATING THE CULTURAL DIVERSITY Places of worship and retail opportunities serve as important cultural elements within the precinct. These diverse cultural elements can be expanded, improved and linked to the history of Sunshine, amplifying the importance of identity in the precinct, which in turn attracts visitors to the community. This can be potentially rewarding to the precinct in the future.

EMPLOYMENT GROWTH CORRIDORS The NEIC PSP of Sunshine looks to promote new employment growth corridors, particularly along St.Albans Road, connecting Sunshine to St.Albans, which also has a new precinct structure plan. (VPA, 2017).

ABUNDANCE IN ACCESSIBLE, PUBLIC GREEN SPACES. Green spaces are areas of interest which can be used for public and recreational uses.

Using a catchment area of 800m, based on Billie Corti’s and Gunn’s research (Gunn et.al, 2017) and DWELP’s recommended spacing between recreational areas, the chosen precinct has extended access to green areas within and around Sunshine. These spaces propose the possibilities of developing major attractions and framing a defined character for Sunshine as an activated area.

F.2

CREATING FREE EXCERCISE AND PUBLIC AMENITIES A problem that was common across all amenities available in Sunshine was that they were not free. Although some are not expensive, creation of free excercise and public amenities throughout the precinct will hopefully exacerbate the public into feeling motivated to use the facilities.

HEALTHY STUDIO SUNSHINE PRECINCT FIGURE 5

Information & Map Consolidation by Arianna G. Catchments by Briener Y. and Qaisara M. New Zoning Areas by Justin H.

OPPORTUNITIES

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Sunshine?

or f n o i s i v r What is ou

B.4

VISION STATEMENT AND OBJECTIVES The Sunshine Precinct aims to promote a healthy lifestyle through improving local spaces and encouraging an active public community.

With the unique opportunity to become the ‘West City of Victoria’, Sunshine’s reputation as one of the National Employment and Innovation Centres will consist of an interconnected multi-modal transport network, that will accommodate the progressive increase of local users and visitors to the area.

Constituting of established government services, as well as a diverse range of infrastructure and amenities with new developments on the way, this new centralised area will provide increased opportunities for local and national employment.

With improved access and connectivity, the precinct will serve as the new hub of activity within Melbourne’s west.

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VISIONS

ove r p m i e w How can

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ACCESS & CONNECTIVITY

EMPLOYMENT

Providing safer access to the activity centre via Anderson and Ballarat Road, through reducing traffic by 30%.

Expand local businesses, aiming to cater the needs of the diverse cultures in the area, through providing incentives and researching current cultures.

Recognise and celebrate current and future demographics of Sunshine by providing programs that allow like-minded individuals and nationalities to meet, like monthly meetings and culture festivals.

Create a jobs program with the local council and educational facilities that will build rapport and encourage young employees to actively seek opportunities and to build their skills.

Celebrate and recognise the history of Sunshine by creating guided tours of historical areas.

To equip the Sunshine precinct with a well-connected area to assist current health problems by making sure that residents can easily access the Sunshine Health Wellbeing and Education Precinct and allied health services.

CULTURE, DIVERSITY & IDENTITY

Protect historical areas of Sunshine by making them attractive and generating an interest within the local community.

To provide better infrastructures of access to amenities and facilities within and around Sunshine, like providing more bike lines and wider pedestrian streets, which will encourage residents to engage in active transport.

Co-work and build relationships with nearby employment hubs, such as Sunshine Hospital, secondary and tertiary education facilities to increase employment

EDUCATION

DEVELOPMENT & INFRASTRUCTURE

Aim to connect local educational facilities with Sunshine hospital to encourage growth through creating education centres within the hospital.

Diversify housing types to accommodate growing population, through creating incentives that provides for all types of family units.

Create attractiveness to the area through promoting environmental events and incentives; i.e. tree planting events

Utilise the VPA West Growth Corridor Plan to create Sunshine’s new financial centre, by ensuring that zones along main arterial roads like St.Albans Rd and Sunshine Avenue are within the Activity Centre Zone.

Connect the various green spaces, through creation of ‘green bridging chains’ throughout the precinct, as part of defining the identity of the precinct

De-centralise amenities by promoting and creating new areas of retail and activity centres through proposing more pockets of activity centre zones.

Utilise the existing green spaces to their full potential by creating attractive and functional spaces of entertainment, as well as creating free facilities within the area.

Provide connections to the nearby train stations through extending current bicycle routes by another 2km and into residential streets.

Identify and re-activate existing informal areas

Create more spaces for extracurricular activities and education within the Sunshine Precinct area by creating specific spaces made explicitly for these activities.

Allow for opportunities to experience different industries of employment within the area by creating work shadowing events and job information sessions, generating interest within the population to go back into education and improve their skills.

Establish the local and national identity of the area through creation of events and promoting them through social media

CHARACTER & COMMUNITY

VISIONS

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B.5

TOWARDS CREATING A PRECINCT STRUCTURE PLAN

CARLTON, VICTORIA

MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA

Carlton was chosen to be one our benchmark studies as it has the highest walk score reading within the state, where only a small minority of residents ever have to leave the area for entertainment and work.

For research regarding a variety of transport modes, Minneapolis is one of the leading American cities in providing good connectivity for cycling and public transport.

Most facilities are walkable, making it easy for most residents to get around and to complete their daily tasks.

Although this is a well established city, it would still be interesting to see how connectivity is thought out for the whole city.

As we approach the end of this document, it would be good to note successful examples, or benchmark precedents that could be studied in order to realise Sunshine’s full potential.

This section of the document looks into areas nationally and internationally, that have similar characteristics to Sunshine. These areas have somewhat proven to be successful in cultivating a healthy lifestyle for its citizens and we wish to recreate their success for the future of our precinct.

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RICHMOND, VICTORIA

COPENHAGEN, DENMARK

Richmond was also chosen for its incredibly high walk score and for its vibrant and active lifestyle.

Copenhagen is well known around the world as a one of the most cyclable cities.

The site was also chosen on the account that its urban fabric is similar to Sunshine, being an area previously consisting of many factories. It would be interesting to study how it became the suburb it is today.

With its dense urban network of bicycle explicit roads, as well as scenic views, Copenhagen has a reputation for making even visitors want to cycle and studying how they became successful would be useful.

Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2016). Census of Population and Housing (First release for publishing) postal area 4560. Retrieved from http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au Brimbank City Council (BCC). (2017). Brimbank Planning Policy: Clause 21.07 Housing, 21.07.1 Residential Growth. Melbourne, Victoria.

Brimbank City Council (BCC) and Victorian Planning Authority (VPA). (2017). Sunshine Health Wellbeing and Education Precinct: Final Report. Melbourne, Victoria: SGS Economics and Planning.

B.6

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Chavis, D. M., & Wandersman, A. (1990). Sense of community in the urban environment: A catalyst for participation and community development. American journal of community psychology, 18(1), 55-81.

DPLTI - Department of Land, Planning and Transport Infrastructure. (2014). Plan Melbourne: metropolitan planning strategy. Melbourne, Victoria: State Government of Victoria.

Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning. (2018). Brimbank Planning Scheme. Retrieved from: http://planning-schemes.delwp.vic.gov.au/__ data/assets/pdf_file/0005/403475/Brimbank_PS_ Ordinance.pdf

environment features associated with walkable neighbourhood activity centres . International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity.

Jacks, T. & Preiss, B. (2018, August 28). State government announces massive suburban rail loop for Melbourne. The Age. Retrieved from https://www. theage.com.au/national/victoria/state-governmentannounces-massive-suburban-rail-loop-for-melbourne-20180828-p5005r.html Pricewater Cooper Australia (PwC). (2018). CityPulse Melbourne Map: Mapping Work, Live and Play. Interactive Map. Retrieved from: https://www.pwc.com.au/ agendas/cities/citypulse/melbourne.html Towell, N. (2018, July 22). Melbourne airport rail up and away with Andrews government $5b pledge.

The Age. Retrieved from https://www.theage.com.au/ national/victoria/melbourne-airport-rail-up-and-awaywith-andrews-government-5b-pledge-20180722p4zsvw.html Victorian Planning Authority. (2017). Sunshine National Employment and Innovation Cluster: Draft Framework Plan. Retrieved from: https://vpa.vic.gov.au/project/sunshine-employment-cluster/

Garay, A., Ho, J. , Mohamad, Q. & Yu, B. (2018). Sunshine Precinct: Urban Analysis Report Assignment One. Melbourne, Victoria.

Giles-Corti, B., Francis, J., Wood, L., & Knuiman, M. (2012). Creating Sense of Community: The role of public space. Journal of Environmental Psychology.

Gunn, L., Mavoa, S., Boulange, C., Hooper, P., Kavanagh, A., & Giles-Corti, B. (2017). Designing healthy communities: creating evidence on metrics for built

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