ABPL30060 Urban Precinct Studio - The Sunshine Precinct

e n i h s n u S

The

t c n i c e r P

A HEALTHY STUDIO PRECINCT STRUCTURE PLAN ARIANNA INA GARAY 758843

ABPL30060 URBAN PRECINCT STUDIO

SUNSHINE PRECINCT PRECINCT STRUCTURE PLAN ASSIGNMENT THREE ABPL30060: URBAN PRECINCT STUDIO THE HEALTHY PRECINCT STUDIO AUTHOR: ARIANNA INA GARAY 758843 Copyright ©2018 COURSE COORDINATOR: Dr. Hyung Min Kim SENIOR TUTOR: Dr. Kiran Shinde TUTOR: Dr. Leila Mahmoudi Farahani This subject was created by the University of Melbourne under the Bachelor of Environments course, currently affiliated with the Melbourne School of Design and the Faculty of Architecture, Building and Planning.

It is the capstone subject for the Urban Planning and Design Major.

Any maps, photographs, drawings and edited pictures that appear within this submission belongs to the student, unless listed otherwise.

All items taken online or within university sources are cited, and sources can be found either within the page or in the bibliography at the end of the report.

For better viewing options, you can view this document online on ISSUU: https://issuu.com/ariannagaray/docs/ ups2018_sunshine_psp

Front Cover: “Photo Edit of Library” (Fig.1) Current Photo: “Pedestrian Walkway to Magistrate’s Court,” (Fig.2)

ABOUT

THE

AUTHOR ARIANNA INA GARAY 758843 arianna.ina.garay@gmail.com Bachelor of Environments Majoring in Architecture and Urban Planning & Design

If you are interested in seeing more of my projects, please follow me on ISSUU: https://issuu.com/ariannagaray

M E E T

BRIENER YU 815649 briener.yu@gmail.com

M Y

TE AM

QAISARA MOHAMAD 834920 qaiqbl@gmail.com

JUSTIN HO 791541 hopakhojustin@gmail.com

MESSAGE FROM THE AUTHOR I would like to acknowledge the members of the Sunshine Precinct Healthy Studio Group, Briener Yu, Justin Ho and Qaisara Mohamad, for their hard work and dedication in assignment one and two, in researching and creating an extensive urban analysis report on which this Precinct Structure Plan relies on. I appreciate your company and your dedication in learning about Sunshine.

I would also like to thank and acknowledge the teaching staff of the Urban Precinct Studio, especially Dr. Leila Mahmoudi Farahani, in her guidance and constructive criticism over the course of the semester that has only encouraged myself and the members of my studio to create PSPs to the best of our abilities, as well as creating a friendly and hardworking tutorial environment. I truly appreciate her efforts in creating a rewarding and uplifitng experience within a university environment.

And finally, I would like to acknowledge you, dear reader, for taking the time out of your busy schedule to read this document. I hope that you find it enjoyable and informative to read, as I have enjoyed the process of making it.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report acknowledges the traditional custodians of the land, the alliance of the Kulin nation, and in particular, the Wurundjeri tribe. We pay our respects to the tribe and their ancestors, for their memories and their traditions.

This report takes into consideration structure plans and policies, at the state and local levels, through private and government sectors, from the following companies and councils: AECOM

SGS Economics and Planning

Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS)

Transport for Victoria

Brimbank City Council

Transurban

City of Melbourne

Victoria’s Big Build

Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning

Victorian Heritage Database

Department of Transport Planning and Local Infrastructure

Victorian Planning Authority

Development Victoria

Victoria State Government

Metropolitan Planning Authority

Western Health

Public Transport Victoria

table of contents

“Hampshire Road, Art Installment,” (Fig.3)

INTRODUCTION 6

RESEARCH: AN URBAN ANALYSIS

STRATEGIC AND LOCAL CONTEXT

12

URBAN ANALYSIS REPORT

ANALYSIS CONCLUSIONS 21

14

PLANNING: AN URBAN MANAGEMENT

ISSUES 32

OPPORTUNITIES 34

CURRENT PLANNING SCHEMES & POLICY REVIEWS 24

STRATEGIC DIRECTIONS, OBJECTIVES AND ACTIONS 36

DESIGN: AN URBAN REFORMATION

BENCHMARK CASE STUDIES AND DESIGNS 40

DESIGN FRAMEWORK PROPOSAL: SHAPE UP SUNSHINE 44

IMPLEMENTATION: TIMELINE AND FUTURE PROJECTIONS 54

BIBLIOGRAPHY 56

INTRODUCTION

n o i t c u d o r t n I n A to THE URBAN PRECINCT STUDIO & THE HEALTHY PRECINCT STUDIO This precinct structure plan was created for ABPL30060 The Urban Precinct Studio. This subject was prepared for the Urban Planning and Design Major as its capstone subject, essentially working as the senior thesis course for its final year students.

As a capstone subject, it is designed to draw together theoretical and design experiences and learning that students have learned over the course of their degree and asks them to produce a comprehensive precinct structure plan as their final assessment.

Over the course of the semester, this subject has asked students to identify a 100-150ha site within their designated suburbs. With every designated precinct, an extensive research and planning report have been submitted under a group setting, allowing students to learn from each other and to acquire the necessary interpersonal skills needed in a work environment.

Assignment 3 is the precinct structure plan, a design project that ties together the research and planning consolidated over the first half of the semester in order to create a design framework for their precinct. The theme that dictates the intention of the PSP is dependent on the 5 studio themes created for the subject.

This PSP comes from the Healthy Studio, which was run by Dr. Leila Mahmoudi Farahani and focuses on creating a healthy and active community within the suburb of Sunshine, Victoria.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Sunshine Precinct is one of the leading future redevelopment areas of the west metropolitan region.

It provides a premier location for new businesses and commercial opportunities within a suburban context.

With these new employment opportunities, Sunshine would be a desirable place to live, providing a new discourse and opportunity to provide a new healthy precinct for the residents of West Melbourne.

Sunshine is one of the 25 suburbs within the Brimbank City Council local government area, which is part of the Melbourne Metropolitan area of Victoria. It has been identified as one of seven National Employment and Innovation Clusters by the Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning’s Plan Melbourne 20501. This document is a comprehensive metropolitan planning strategy that will guide the future development of Melbourne, Victoria and its surrounding local government areas.

Metropolitan Melbourne is home to 5 million people1, approximately 19% of Australia’s current population. Of this, 208,443 (2018 ABS Data By Region)3 people live within the Brimbank City Council Area, an area generally known for its diverse range of culture and nationalities.

The precinct area highlighted within this PSP is a 148ha site located within Sunshine’s main activity centre, which is surrounded by the main arterial roads of the precinct and by two Sunbury line train stations.

The precinct also includes a bus interchange area.

1 Plan Melbourne 2050. Department of Environment, Land, Water

and Planning.

2 Five million Melburnians: City’s population hits milestone tomorrow. The Age. 3 Data by Region. Australian Bureau of Statistics.

8

e n i h s n Su VISION The Sunshine Precinct PSP and it’s design framework, ‘Shape up Sunshine4’ looks into creating a healthy and active community within Sunshine for all users.

This document aims to establish the following aspects within the precinct and its surrounding context: •

Encourage an active lifestyle for its residents through the creation and improvement of public parks, with free utilities.

•

Encourage the creation of healthy lifestyle programs for the community’s benefit.

•

Establish new employment opportunities for the residents of the precinct and its local government area, through the promotion of new zoning areas, as well as integrating current planning policies found within Plan Melbourne, surrounding precinct structure plans and planning amendments.

•

Improve the public transport system and connectivity within the site by improving and creating new local connections through current and future built form, as well as improving the public transport network through addition of new services.

•

4

Encouraging new medium density developments within the area that will accommodate individuals and groups of varying socio-economic statuses. This can help provide for the growing working and living population projected by the NEIC strategies and current trends.

Found within this document from Page 46, onwards.

The Sunshine Precinct aims to promote a healthy lifestyle through encouraging local users to be a more active public community. It aims to introduce new public open and green spaces, as well as improving existing ones.

With its future reputation as one of the National Employment and Innovation Clusters of the Greater Melbourne Metropolitan area, local and national employment opportunities will rise, along with new developments.

Sunshine has the unique opportunity to become the ‘West City of Victoria’, which will consist of an interconnected multi-modal transport network connected to the Melbourne CBD, as well as the Melbourne Airport. Future transport developments will accommodate the progressive increase of local residents and visitors to the area, due to its NEIC status.

Constituting of established government and institutional services, as well as a rich tapestry of agricultural and industrial history, Sunshine’s reputation will be further augmented as its new status as Victoria’s multicultural hub is further assimilated into its urban narrative.

With its new urban landscape, Sunshine will serve as the future hub of activity within Melbourne’s west.

Abbreviations and a glossary list can be found in Page 66 of this document, within the bibliography section.

9

RESEARCH AN URBAN ANALYSIS

STRATEGIC & LOCAL CONTEXT

BRIMBANK LGA MELBOURNE LGA

Greater Melbourne Metropolitan Map (Fig.4)

STRATEGIC CONTEXT The Brimbank Local Government Area is located approximately 15km west from the Melbourne Central Business District. It consists of 25 suburbs, of which, Sunshine contains approximately 15.4% (801ha)5&6 of the total land area within the Brimbank City Council.

The Brimbank LGA sits just outside the inner Melbourne suburbs, where it is typically identified with the outer west metropolitan area, along with the Shire of Melton further west, the Wyndham City Council to the south and the Hume City Council to the north.

With Metropolitan Melbourne’s future population forecast to rise to 7.9 million by 20517, there has been a growing trend of residential and population growth within new greenfield suburbs of the west, with half of both the largest and fastest growing suburbs of 2017 covering suburbs within the west or north-west of the CBD8.

Sunshine has currently been identified as one to the seven of Melbourne’s NEICs. 12

AREA OF INTEREST SUBURB OF SUNSHINE Brimbank LGA with Sunshine (Fig.5)

5 6 7 8

City of Brimbank. profile.id Sunshine. profile.id Plan Melbourne 2050. DELWP Residential Population Growth, Australia, 2016-2017. ABS

SUNBURY TRAIN LINE BALLARAT ROAD

5KM

10KM

15KM

Distance Proximity Map from CBD (Fig.6)

PRIMARY CONNECTIONS TO MELBOURNE

VICINITY TO MAJOR SERVICES

Sunshine can be reached through multiple connections throughout its surrounding environment, but it’s primary form of connection is through major arterial roads, and subsequently, by the highway (The M80 Western Ring Road).

The Sunshine Precinct is quite close to major services in and around Victoria. These services include:

The main arterial road that connects Sunshine, and most western suburbs, to the Melbourne CBD is Ballarat Road.

It is later found in the initial urban analysis report that around 80% of the residents within the suburb own at least one car. These results within the initial research have indicated that Sunshine is a car dependent city and that is it quite difficult to get around western suburbs without an automobile.

Other forms of getting around the precinct include public transport options, either by train through the Sunbury Line or by using the VLine service, or through the nine available bus routes that travel to and from the precinct. There have also recently been some minor infrastructure work regarding the addition of bike lanes on main roads in and around the precinct.

Future transport infrastructure development plans that are to be carried out by the state government by the year 2020 will greatly change the urban fabric of Sunshine and how users will access the precinct.

Health Industry Services: • The Sunshine Hospital and its Outpatient Services • The West Footscray Hospital and its Outpatient Services • The Werribee Hospital and its Outpatient Services • Localised Specialist Doctors Transport Services: • Major Bus Interchange Station at Sunshine • Two Train Stations located within the Area of Interest (Albion and Sunshine) • Light service train facility in Calder Park.

• Three major bus depots located near the precinct; CDC Melbourne (Sunshine Depot), Transdev (Sunshine West Depot) and Sita Coaches (West Footscray Depot).

• Two Major Aiports: Essendon Aiport (approximately 16 mins away) and the Melbourne Airport (approximately 17 mins away). Further effects of these major services will be addressed later on.

There are also plenty of government and institutional services located in and around the area.

13

URBAN ANALYSIS REPORT THE URBAN ANALYSIS REPORT HAMPSHIRE ROAD

The purpose of the Urban Analysis Report is to analyse the designated area of interest and establish a working precinct boundary.

Within this precinct boundary, research and observation is carried out through site visits and through top-down data gathering in order to create an accurate profile for the site.

With the use of statistical data and through establishing an accurate technical assessment, the precinct and its users can be understood with precision. This understanding will provide a clear lens into perceiving the issues and opportunities that the precinct represents. A clear understanding and a relatable experience of the site will allow for the creation of a clear vision that puts the users of the precinct before every other aspect of its future development framework.

This profile will allow designers to sympathise with their clients and to design an area that caters to their needs in order for them to achieve a healthy and active lifestyle.

Aerial View of the Sunshine Precinct (Fig.7)

AREA OF INTEREST ESTABLISHING A PRECINCT AREA Establishing a precinct area required initial contextual research in order to understand the site and its users.

One primary aspect that helped identify a desirable precinct area was through visiting and experiencing the site, and observing it for its main activity centre.

Sunshine’s main activity centre was recognised to be Hampshire Road and thus, became the focal point of the selected precinct area. With the precinct centre established, the external boundaries of the site was created so that a general mix of zoning and important developments, that were already established in Sunshine, were included:

THE COMPLETE URBAN ANALYSIS REPORT To access the complete Urban Analysis Report of the Sunshine Precinct, follow the link below: https://issuu.com/ariannagaray/docs/sp_thps_uar 14

• • • • • • • • • •

Victoria University, Sunshine Campus Sunshine Magistrates Court Sunshine Children’s Court VicRoads, Sunshine Campus VisyHub Centre Victoria Police, Sunshine Division Sunshine Library and Brimbank City Council Offices Sunshine Marketplace and Plaza Sunshine Leisure Centre Emergency Service Branches

GENERAL CONTEXT

BALLAR AT ROA D

HAMPSHIRE ROAD

General Context Map (Fig.8)

THE GENERAL CONTEXT The general context map highlights the specific areas of Sunshine that have large and reputational establishments.

From the areas highlighted here, we can see that Sunshine has a wide range of public, institutional, governmental and first-responder services that are imperative to any community, especially to that of a growing city. The area seems to have the well-established aspects of a city and this may be one of the reasons why it has been identified as one of the seven key National Employment and Innovation Clusters in Plan Melbourne9.

developments identified within that site that are currently in process or have been advertised in order to gain new tenants. With these new developments of low to medium density housing, the residential opportunities and the number of users in Sunshine will rise.

Lastly, although there seems to be quite a number of green spaces within and around this precinct, several of the green spaces are divided from the main precinct area, Hampshire Road, either by the business of Ballarat Road and it’s oncoming traffic or by the separation of the railway tracks, serving to both the Sunbury Metropolitan Line, and the V-Line Services, leading as far as Bendigo-Echuca, Bendigo-Swan Hill, Maryborough, Ararat and Geelong-Warnambool10.

Also highlighted within the map are several new 9 10

Plan Melbourne 2050. DELWP Information obtained from the Victorian Train Network Map. PTV

15

LAND ANALYSIS MAPS Zoning Map according to DELWP (Fig.9)

Land Use Map (Fig.10)

16

HISTORICAL CONTEXT ARCHITECTURAL

INDUSTRY & EMPLOYMENT

THEN

1850

VICTORIAN-STYLE DWELLINGS

JOHN DARLING FLOUR MILL

1900

CALIFORNIAN BUNGALOWS

SUNSHINE HARVESTER WORKS

1950

TRIPLE FRONT (OR CREAM BRICK)

ARC STEEL MANUFACTURERS

Sunshine was first established in the 1860’s11 as a farming area under the Braybrook Road District of the Colony of Victoria, before Australia became a unionised country in 1901. The area thrived under the John Darlington & Sons Flour Mill until the late 1960’s, when it was acquired by another company, Allied Mills12 .

Another aspect of Sunshine that really established the area on the map was when Hugh V. McKay created his agricultural machinery factory in Sunshine, greatly changing the urban landscape and its economy in 190413. He named his creation the Sunshine Harvester, which has greatly influenced the name of the suburb.

Sunshine retained it’s manufacturing reputation when ARC steel manufacturers was set up in 192014. Majority of the land use within the immediate surrounding area of the precinct actually consists of manufacturers, feeding into approximately 11% of the employed residents within the BCC. As of the late 2000’s, Sunshine seems to moving towards a trend of office and administration employment, further strengthened by the

2000

NOW

THE HISTORICAL CONTEXT

TYPICAL HOUSE NOW

SUNSHINE LIBRARY & BCC HQ

11 Harvester Town. Ford 12 Harvester Town. Ford 13 Sunshine Harvester Works. Museum Victoria 14 About Page. ARC

17

DEMOGRAPHICS Demographics: Population

Demographics: POPULATION

Demographics: NATIONALITIES

Demographics: Structure

5

122 NATIONALITIES REPRESENTED IN BRIMBANK16 15 16

Sunshine. profile.id City of Brimbank. profile.id

Demographics: AGE STATISTICS

18

TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE ANALYSIS Transport Infrastructure Analysis Map (Fig.11)

Road continues north to become Sunshine Avenue at the Ballarat Road intersection. Lastly, Devonshire Road, is located within the south-east boundary of the precinct.

A mass number of train tracks cover the precinct area, apart from the tracks currently in commission and are being used by the train and V-Line services. These tracks used to lead to the manufacturing companies around the area and was their primary form of transport.

TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE ANALYSIS The transport analysis research have indicated that Sunshine appears to be a cardependent cit, with approximately 80% of residents owning at least one vehicle.

The Sunshine Precinct area has three main arterial roads.

Ballarat Road, as mentioned before, is the main arterial road leading to the western suburbs of metropolitan Melbourne. From the south of the precinct, Anderson 15 The Sunshine Precinct Urban Analysis Report. Garay, Ho, Mohamad & Yu.

Although there are a number of buses within this precinct, their frequency is quite low, with around 50% of the buses arriving between a span of 2139mins15. Buses that start with the number 4 are the localised buses within the area. Buses that start with the number 2 are the smart buses within Victoria that cover long distances, like Bus 220 which travels all the way to Gardenvale. The buses that start with the number 9 are night service buses and only operate during the late and early hours of the day.

Majority of the precinct’s arterial roads have high speed limits and make it difficult for pedestrians to cross and get around. This is made particularly difficult on Ballarat Road as existing crossings are far apart from each other. Many people can be observed jaywalking through the road in order to get to their destination or the precinct centre on either side.

19

PRECINCT HEALTH ANALYSIS Health Infrastructure Map (Fig.12)

% of Population that exercise per week (Fig.13)

23.3% 37.2%

39.5%

4 times or more p/w

at least once p/w

don’t engage in weekly exercise

THE HEALTH ASPECTS OF SUNSHINE Within the Sunshine Precinct, there are only two established official recreational spaces that the public can access.

Dempster Park to the north of the site is an oval with multiple sport and educational facilities. The park could be used for free, but some of the facilities come at a cost.

Towards the south of the precinct, there is the Sunshine Leisure Centre, which has gyms and pools and other organised recreational activities. There are also multiple gyms that can be found within the area.

There are a significant amount of public parks located within the Sunshine Prencinct and it’s surrounding area. Although there seems to be a lot of observable space to exercise in and around the parks, there doesn’t seem to be any facilities within the parks that have been developed solely for encouraging exercise.

20

ANALYSIS REPORT CONCLUSIONS SUNSHINE IS GOING THROUGH A SEASON OF GENTRIFICATION

EXISTING TYPOLOGIES REFLECT THE CULTURE & IDENTITY OF THE PRECINCT

Through initial observations and visits within the site, it’s very clear that there have been many developmental changes within the precinct. Within the next section of this PSP, we look into the existing precinct structure plans that have been applied to the area.

Researching the history of the precinct in terms of its establishment and residential properties, it can be perceived by residents and visitors to the site that Sunshine is a city of various time periods.

Personally, as a local within the area, I have seen more changes within the Sunshine Precinct in the past 2 years compared to the past decade.

CARS MAKE FOR AN ISOLATED CITY; THE CHALLENGE IS TO CREATE INTEGRATION We have established a significant amount of evidence that our precinct area is a heavily car-dependent city.

Cars have maintained being the dominant mode of transport due to the vast supply of major arterial and minor roads within the area, as well as the immense amount of car parks. The causes of why these car park areas exist may be due to the fact that there are a lot of services established within the precinct, from institutional developments, like the local university, to governmental services, such as the Brimbank City Council offices or the magistrates’ court.

Despite this fact, there is a significant amount of public transport routes in and around the precinct. Extending or expanding these public transport routes may be an aspect needed to be worked on in order to encourage Sunshine to become a healthy precinct.

There also appears to be an agreement in terms of the perception of using cycling as a way to get around.

Upon engaging in conversation with local residents, some have specified that within the western suburbs of Melbourne, cycling is perceived as a recreational activity, rather than a way of getting around. This may be due to the current infrastructure of the cycling network around the precinct, or with the availability and access in terms of bicycles.

Walking also seems to be a challenge within this area due to the arterial roads, and the disconnection between public and private realms because of large format developments.

The urban layout and planning of Sunshine has been heavily affected by the factories and manufacturers that have been established there in the late 1800’s and early 1900’s. This has been reflected in the size and spacing of the cadastral areas and their land use, as well as the location of arterial roads and rail services.

Upon visiting Sunshine, there have also been many examples of cultural representation within the site, greatly reflecting the various nationalities present within the Brimbank City Council.

Identity, culture and religion are all important aspects that may affect mental and spiritual health, as they relate heavily in our relationships within our community and within our families. Although this is difficult to measure statistically, looking at the quality of the connections and ties people have within the existing community, as well as improving or offering more opportunities through planned activities, can greatly contribute to creating a good state of wellbeing to the mental and spiritual health of the residents of Sunshine.

POTENTIAL TO BECOME A UNIQUE HEALTHY PRECINCT There are many different aspects within the Sunshine precinct that could contribute to the design framework that will make Sunshine a unique healthy precinct.

The availability of public parks seem to be well spread throughout the area and its surrounding vicinity, and this could be a key aspect in stimulating an active lifestyle for the residents of the community. With around 80% of users already engaging in physical activities at least once a week, further developing opportunities and areas at which more organised activities could occur, may be just what the precinct needs in order to become more proactive in their lifestyles

21

PLANNING AN URBAN MANAGEMENT

CURRENT PLANNING SCHEMES AND POLICY REVIEW REVIEWING CURRENT PRECINCT PLANNING SCHEMES AND COUNCIL POLICIES Planning Schemes and Policies are detrimental to structure plans as they lay the foundation and restrictions to future design frameworks that are to be applied to the precinct area.

They are used to control future land use and developments in order to protect the interest and wellbeing of existing and future residents within the area, as well as ensure the conservation and protection of the existing land for the future.

Current policies, overlays and zoning all feed into the creation of current precinct structure plans.

These plans help guide designers to know the limitations that will be applied when designing a place and how to design accordingly.

There are also provisions instilled in the planning policy frameworks, overlays and zoning schemes that are applied as a measure when a development of a certain type has been proposed for a site. Accessing the planning provisions of a local government council provides planners and designers the operational requirements that are mandatory within the implementation stage of the development.

The planning policies and procedures in Victoria follow and are guided by the Planning and Environment Act 1987, the key planning legislation that sets out the legal foundation on which planning policies are designed upon.

Majority of the plans and policies obtained within this document where informed or redirected from the BCC website.

For more information, go to: https://www.brimbank.vic.gov.au

MUNICIPAL DEVELOPMENTS CONTRIBUTIONS PLAN C187 The Municipal Development Contributions Plan Amendment C187, of a local government council, are designed and implemented in order to create a levy that developers must pay if they are establishing a new development within the council’s limits. The levy provides the local council with the necessary funds they need in order to improve their existing facilities or to provide new infrastructure within their local government area.

Charging the developers and the wider community with a levy ensures that the responsibility of the cost of providing new infrastructure within the respected precincts will be shared equally and fairly among the community.

The Brimbank City Council actually has two MDCPs in effect, as of January 25th, 201816. All MDCPs created within Victoria must adhere to the DTPLI’s Development Contributions Guidelines made in 2007.

There is the overall MDCP for the whole of Brimbank’s LGA and a specified DCP for the Sunshine Precinct. For the current precinct area defined within this document, the latter would be the one most relevant to the area as it has already outlined exisiting projects within the Sunshine Precinct area and defined costs of the projects per Dwelling, as well as per Retail and Commercial Square Metre.

According to the Sunshine Town Centre DCP17, levies applied to new dwellings per open space sits at $370, while urban design developments per dwelling, retail sqm and commercial sqm of floor space charge at $1831, $26 and $26, in that order respectively.

The Sunshine Town Centre Development Contributions Plan was created and gazetted in November 201318, after the one of the first iterations of Plan Melbourne 2013 was created.

16 17 18

24

Municipal Development Contributions Plan. BCC Sunshine Town Centre Contributions Plan. BCC Sunshine Town Centre Contributions Plan. BCC

LOCAL STRATEGIC PLANS

NATIONAL EMPLOYMENT AND INNOVATION CLUSTERS

Brimbank Council Main Offices (Fig.14)

National Employment and Innovation Clusters (NEIC) are areas identified by the DELWP as concentrated areas of ‘businesses and instutions that provide a diversity of employment opportunities, including knowledge-based jobs20’. These areas are located within established neighbourhoods, with the potential to become a centralised employment centre within metropolitan Melbourne. They also offer areas with activities and employment that require specialisations, typically around areas of higher education, like universities, as well as hospitals with educational partnerships.

Sunshine is well and truly qualified to become a key NEIC. The Sunshine NEIC: Draft Framework Plan was created in March 2017 and it seems that the strategic directions within this framework plan have begun ther implementation. Directions made in this plan have been followed through in many planning policies of the BCC, like in the implementation and continuation of the Sunshine Rising Structure Plans21, the introduction of Amendment C19522, and the creation of the Sunshine Health, Wellbeing and Education Precinct Structure Plan.

19 Sunshine National Employment and

Innovation Cluster: Draft Framework Plan. VPA 20 What is a National Employment and Innovation Cluster?. VPA 21 More of this explored in Page 28.

22 More of this explored in Page 29.

23 Sunshine Health, Wellbeing and Education Precinct. SGS Economics and Planning

SUNSHINE HEALTH, WELLBEING & EDUCATION PRECINCT

Map of Precinct Area to Main Hospital (Fig.15)

Although called the ‘Sunshine Hospital’, the Sunshine Hospital is actually located just between the suburban boundaries of St.Albans and Sunshine North, separated by the Western Ring Road Highway (M80).

The hospital is approximately a 10min drive with median traffic conditions from the precinct and two train stations away from Sunshine (Ginifer Station stop). There are 3 bus routes that travel from the precinct to the Sunshine Hospital. Outside of the local context, Sunshine is the nearest accessible hospital for a radius of at least 15km west, providing for the residents of Brimbank and the City of Melton.

Upon visiting and speaking to some employees of the hospital’s surgery ward, they have provided for patients as far as Ararat (192km; ~2hrs away).

Although this precinct structure plan is important to the NEIC framework, the PSP was outsourced to be prepared and explored by SGS Economics and Planning and AECOM. The SHWEP aims create a comprehensive and accessible Sunshine Hospital, possibly creating an additional 5,702 jobs after its expansion23.

Employment is huge factor for the NEIC PSP. 25

WIDER CONTEXT DEVELOPMENTS

THE AIRPORT RAILWAY LINK 2022 TRANSPORT FOR VICTORIA

SUBURBAN RAIL LOOP DEVELOPMENT VICTORIA

Melbourne Airport Railway Link Plan (Fig.16)

A pledge was made by the Andrews Government of $5bn AUD in July 22, 201824 to build the Airport Railway Link, connecting passengers from the aiport to other suburban railway lines and the Melbourne CBD. The route, identified in 2012 by PTV25, will connect to Sunshine Station and will commence construction in 2022.

This connection will bring along many changes to Sunshine and the Sunbury line, as many economic and cosmetic developments may occur in the next few years.

Aerial Shot of Sunshine Station (Fig.18)

The Suburban Rail Loop is a project being carried out with Development Victoria and the State Government26.

It aims to provide a rail system that effectively connects all suburban rail networks across the state of Victoria, making it easier for users to get around.

The Suburban Rail Loop will be connecting to across the seven key NEICs, including Sunshine. This project is being created to support the projected population growth of 8 million residents by 205027.

It looks to provide transport and infrastructure to an additional 3.5 million people, adding approximate 1.5 million jobs. as well as add 1.6 million more dwellings on sites running along the train line.

This project is being built to support and protect community liveability28, allowing more and more Victorians to be able to live further out from the city and to find employment near their residence. It will also allow for 10 million more trips in the Victorian Network per day.

Render of Airport Rail Link Train (Fig.17)

26

24

25 26 27 28

Melbourne Airport Rail up and away with Andrews $5bn pledge. Towell, 2018 Melbourne Airport Rail Link: Sunshine Route. TfV Suburban Rail Loop: Strategic Assessment. DV, SGV and VBB Plan Melbourne 2050. DELWP Suburban Rail Loop: Strategic Assessment. DV, SGV and VBB

WEST GATE TUNNEL PROJECT PSA GC65

Aerial Shot of the Port of Melbourne (Fig.19)

The West Gate Tunnel Project (Planning Scheme Amendment GC65)29 will greatly affect the Sunshine Precinct and the greater west context.

There are many precinct structure plans within Sunshine and other local government areas, like Maribyrnong, that mentions turning Ballarat Road into a boulevardlike arterial main street. This proves to be quite difficult as the surrounding zoning context of the precinct dictates large industrial zones, particularly within the suburb to the south of the Sunshine, Brooklyn. Closing off the main arterial roads in and around the precinct to do new infrastructure work and to turn them into boulevards would effectively slow down traffic, as a large amount of trucks, semi-trailers and buses/ coaches constantly use Ballarat Road, Sunshine Avenue and Anderson Road everyday. These roads are part of their main route, as they are wide and easier to use than the Western Ring Road (M80).

With the New West Gate Tunnel project, the addition of creating new lanes and freeway entrances to the Western Ring Road (M80) will hopefully redirect the trucks and semi-trailers from suburban routes to using the freeway as a means of getting around Victoria. The West Gate Tunnel will also create an underground connection between the western suburbs of Melbourne to Fisherman’s Bend29.

28

29 30.

31.

32.

Consolidation Report of Amendment GC65: The West Gate Tunnel Project.

BPS, HBPS, MaPS, MePS, PMPS & WPS As Above.

Planning Matters Subscription Email. DELWP & SGV Commercial Zone 3: Amendment VC149. DELWP & SGV As Above.

NEW COMMERCIAL ZONE 3 VC149

Clarke Street Pedestrian Thoroughfare (Fig.20)

A new commercial zone was introduced to the Victorian Planning Provisions as CZ3, under the planning amendment of VC14930.

(Clause 34.03) This new amendment recently released on the 4th of October 2018.

Much of the planning schemes and development overlays in the Brimbank City Council haven’t included this amendment yet, but there are certainly many benefits to applying this clause within the Sunshine Precinct Area.

The amendment aims to provide new zoning overlays that will encourage mixed-use employment schedules within a precinct area31.

It also encourages promotion of ‘collaborative and high-quality working environments which support the area through good urban design and highamenity, accessible and well-connected spaces32.’

It seeks to limit retail uses within the area so that it suits the role and scale of the are, which might be perfect to use when it comes to preserving the developments along the activity centre of Hampshire Road.

There is also the option of allowing residential dwellings to be built upon the areas, up to 35% of the commercial building,if there isn’t a max gross floor area specified by the council.

27

g n i s i R e n i h s n u S ‘REVITALISING OUR TOWN CENTRE’ STRUCTURE PLANS

WHAT ARE THE ‘SUNSHINE RISING’ PRECINCT STRUCTURE PLANS? The ‘Sunshine Rising’ Precinct Structure Plans were applied to Sunshine’s main town activity centre, Hampshire Road and its immediate vicinity.

These precinct structure plans were applied in 2014 and were made in order to improve the cosmetic appearance of the Sunshine Activity Centre. Other agendas made within these precinct structure plans were to make Sunshine a more pedestrian friendly place and to provide street-side infrastructure that allow for encouraging community and social involvement within the precinct.

Although these PSPs were not made entirely in conjunction with the objectives of the NEIC draft framework plan made by the VPA, a lot of the strategic directions in both PSPs are quite similar.

All plans take into account possible directions and plans that could make Sunshine more accessible to the public in terms of walking and cycling, as well as encouraging new and current businesses to create more employment opportunities through further developments.

The Sunshine rising address an interesting topic in the terms of discussing the ‘legibility of the environment’, possibly addressing the safety concerns of the public.

HAMPSHIRE ROAD MASTER PLAN

Visualisation of Hampshire Road Upgrades (Fig.21)

The Hampshire Road Master Plan incorporates the aspects of urban design in order to create a cosmetic change to the main activity centre, Hampshire Road.

The master plan consists of many illustrative plans and renders of which, have now been or are soon to be completed.

Their vision insists on following through the following properties to make Sunshine a better public realm for its residents and visitors33 (as quoted from the PSP):

Visualisation of Hampshire Road Upgrades (Fig.22)

• • • •

Visualisation of Hampshire Road Upgrades (Fig.23)

28

33

a safe and comfortable place to visit a unique and vibrant place that references its history and is a magnet for shoppers, workers and visitors a legible environment that is easy to understand a sustainable environment that prioritises pedestrians, cyclists and public transport users over through-traffic.

Hampshire Road Master Plan 2014. BCC

SUNSHINE TOWN CENTRE STRUCTURE PLAN The Sunshine Town Centre Structure Plan is a PSP that incorporates the Sunshine Activities Area34. The SAA is a strategical area that has been identified by the BCC as a potential area that would be good for new developments that will adhere to the PSPs strategic directions.

Visualisation of Town Centre Upgrades (Fig.24)

The STCSP is designed to be carried out till 2020, possibly to allow the precinct activity area to become well established before the construction for the Melbourne Airport Link and the Suburban Rail Loop commences. It would be pretty difficult foe residents to navigate their way throughout the area if all projects were to commence construction at once.

This PSP includes the development of many areas that have now been completed in Sunshine, such as the Sunshine Library & BCC Main Office, the Sunshine Bus Transit Area, the new multi-level story car park, etc.

There are a lot of details outlined in the STCSP, but to consolidate its ideas, the structure plan35:

Visualisation of Town Centre Upgrades (Fig.25)

• •

• • •

Visualisation of Town Centre Upgrades (Fig.26)

34 35

identifies the actions that will enable change within the SAA. encourages the use of development overlays and zones to created mixed-use areas that meet the community’s needs and puts the local economy at an advantage. encourages the improvement and celebration of character and culture. encourages creation of safe and well-connected public transport and walking networks. most importantly, identifies opportunities to increase leisure, recreation, arts and cultural activities.

Sunshine Town Centre Structure Plan. BCC As Above.

29

AMENDMENT C195

SAA Amendment C195 Map (Fig.27)

30

THE IMPORTANCE OF AMENDMENT C195 The most relevant amendment that will probably affect the design framework of this precinct structure plan will probably be Amendment C19536.

Ballarat Road Amendment C195 Map (Fig.28)

Stony Creek/Albion Station Area Amendment C195 Map (Fig.29)

This amendment provides the schedule for developments that are allowed, requires a permit or denied within the selected area. In these maps, the primary area mapped is the SAA identified in the Sunshine Town Centre Structure Plan, as well as a mid section of Ballarat Road and the Albion Station, Stony Creek Area.

These maps were chosen as they relate to the precinct area chosen in this document.

These maps also indicate the maximum building heights per land parcel and if certain boundary intersections between a parcel and a pedestrian street require a floor setback after it has reached a certain building height.

Outlined in this image are desired connections that the council has specified, which, if compared to the land use map (Figure 10), cuts into several large cadastrals, creating smaller ones and providing pedestrian friendly pathways thorughout the precinct.

This amendment was created in order to address the expansion of the activity centre zone (Figure 9) as it was changed recently to include more previous industrial parcels (Amendment C185 and STCSP).

36 Brimbank Planning Scheme Amendment C195. BCC

31

IDENTIFIED ISSUES

LEGEND

Sunshine Precinct Issues Map (Fig.30)

Victoria Police Branch

Magistrate’s and Children’s Court

Community Events (Ex: Eronis Circus)

Brimbank Council Offices & Library

2 Mall Areas

Victoria University

DIFFICULT TO REDUCE AUTOMOBILE INFRASTRUCTURE DUE TO THESE FACILITIES

32

Some facilities accessible near car parks (Fig.31)

Sunshine Marketplace Car Park (Fig.32)

IDENTIFYING ISSUES TO KNOW WHAT TO IMPROVE

identifying these issues were done through on-site observations. Several visits were carried out in order to learn and most importantly, experience the site.

The issues identified have been a result of the research created within the first urban analysis report, upon correlating existing data with other results.

Other modes of research that were carried out in

ACCESS & CONNECTIVITY

A.1

HIGH RISK FACTOR ROADS

Major arterial roads present a significant risk factor within the precinct. Observed during site visits, many residents or users within the site actually jaywalk across major arterial roads as there aren’t any designated areas to cross or the designated areas to cross are just too far apart from each other.

It also is hard to get across the train line and this creates for a separation between Sunshine and Albion.

A.2 TRAVEL SITUATION TO EMPLOYMENT A large portion of local citizens travel outside the precinct for work. This may be due to the availability of opportunities within the area.

A.3

CAR DEPENDENCY

This problem is prominent within suburbs that exist outside the inner metropolitan area of Victoria.

A.4

With this bottom-up approach on identifying issues, a subjective experience will work as the lens that will provide the human scale needed in making the Sunshine precinct user-centric.

DEVELOPMENT & INFRASTRUCTURE

B.1 INCREASING POPULATION DENSITY

C.1 LACK OF ACTIVITIES AND ENTERTAINMENT

As specified in the earlier urban analysis report, the population of Sunshine has risen by 6.74% between 2016-2017, which is triple the Victorian average. The precinct will need to provide new developments and infrastructure to for this growth pattern, in terms of housing and employment.

Although Sunshine is not far behind the state average in terms of its ‘play’ score (4.3), it is still significantly far behind Melbourne CBD (10).

(PwC, 2018).

B.2

LACK OF DIVERSITY IN HOUSING

Majority of the dwellings within Sunshine actually consists of low-density, single storey homes on large parcels of land (600 to 800sqm). Because of this, many developers purchase single lot homes and transform them to create sub-divided lots.

B.3

CAR PARK INFRASTRUCTURE ENCOURAGES CAR DEPENDENCY AND SEPARATES THE PRECINCT

Car Park infrastructure and areas within Sunshine encourages further dependency on automobiles.

AMENITIES ARE CONCENTRATED

Most amenities are located within the main activity centre, Hampshire Road. It may be hard for most residents to get to the amenities and other services located within the activity centre by walking and are therefore, opted look for other means to get there, like driving.

CHARACTER & COMMUNITY

The car parks within the precinct are also located within the centre of major government institutional areas, as well as other utilities and facilities located within the precinct. It would be hard to get rid of parking areas as they are required by all these amenities for users that come outside of the precinct.

The lack of activities and entertainment in Sunshine in terms of range and opening hours do not create for an active public realm. There are a lot of festivals and events held within the precinct on an annual basis, but more permanent solutions are probably necessary and good for the public’s mental wellbeing.

C.2 PHYSICALLY INACTIVE DEMOGRAPHIC A large percentage of Sunshine’s residents do not engage in physical activities. and it may be due to the lack of free facilities.

C.3

HIGH NUMBER OF INFORMAL & CLOSED OFF AREAS

There is a high number of open spaces within the Sunshine precinct and within immediate surrounding area, but a large percentage of the areas are informal or are closed-off.

C.4 PUBLIC PERCEPTION OF THE PRECINCT Cosmetic changes are important in making the public feel safe and desire going to the area.

33

IDENTIFIED OPPORTUNITIES

Sunshine Precinct Opportunities Map (Fig.33)

THE COMPLETE ISSUES, OPPORTUNITIES & VISIONING REPORT To access the complete Issues, Opportunities & Visioning Report of the Sunshine Precinct, follow the link below: https://issuu.com/ariannagaray/docs/sp_thps_ io_v_report_6335956a197eea

34

IDENTIFYING OPPORTUNITIES TO KNOW WHERE TO IMPROVE

potential to become a great precinct, most especially, a diverse and distinct healthy precinct.

Upon identifying the issues within the precinct, areas of opportunity begins to present itself within the map.

As identified previously, there are already several precinct structure plans in place within the area and within the surrounding area that will promote aspects that are desired within a healthy precinct.

There have been many parts of the previous analysis report that have indicated that Sunshine has every

ACCESS & CONNECTIVITY

A.1

DIVERSE RANGE OF PUBLIC TRANSIT OPTIONS

Sunshine has the potential and is already working towards becoming a major multimodal transport hub.

There are several state government projects in place that will make this precinct even more accessible by public transport. They are: The Airport Railway Link: As of the 22nd of July, 2018, the Andrews Government has pledge $5bn to create an airport railway link to the city, which will run through the precinct’s two major stations, Albion and Sunshine stations. (Towell, 2018).

The Suburban Rail Loop Project: Announced on the 28th of August, the state government plans for a new suburban rail loop project that will connect every major railway line, of which, Sunshine was chosen to be the main terminal. (Jacks & Preiss, 2018).

The West Gate Tunnel Project: Although this may encourage more automobile use, it will still create a significant change within the precinct as it will hopefully redirect semi-trailers and trucks from the major arterial roads within the precinct and lighten the traffic. When this occurs, the Sunshine NEIC Draft Framework Plan by the VPA encourages turning Ballarat Road into a boulevard, reducing lanes and adding more pedestrian walkway space as well as bicycle lanes.

There now needs to be a framework that

DEVELOPMENT & INFRASTRUCTURE

CHARACTER & COMMUNITY

B.1 EMPLOYMENT GROWTH CORRIDORS

C.1

The NEIC PSP of Sunshine looks to promote new employment growth corridors, particularly along St.Albans Road, connecting Sunshine to St.Albans, which also has a new precinct structure plan. (VPA, 2017).

Green spaces are areas of interest which can be used for public and recreational uses.

This employment corridor idea is also being instilled into Ballarat road, with C195’s mixedused land use plan.

B.2

CREATING NEW AND EXTENDING THE CYCLING INFRASTRUCTURE

Sunshine is a car dependent suburb and this is evident from the lack of feasible bicycle networks that aid in encouraging active transport. This provides a discourse that there needs to be safe spaces for individuals to cycle and that cycling should also be promoted as a mode of transport to jobs and activities.

B.3 COUNCIL SUPPORT IN MORE

MEDIUM DENSITY HOUSING AND CONSOLIDATED INFRASTRUCTURES

A catchment area of 800m, based on Billie Corti’s and Gunn’s research (Gunn et.al, 2017) and DWELP, is the recommended spacing between recreational areas. These spaces propose the possibilities of developing major attractions and framing a defined character for Sunshine as an activated area. Planning more green spaces or connecting them will help create access to these spaces for all residents within the area.

C.2

CREATING FREE EXERCISE AND PUBLIC AMENITIES

A problem that was common across all wellbeing amenities available in Sunshine was that they were not free. Although some are not expensive, creation of free exercise and public amenities throughout the precinct will hopefully exacerbate the public into feeling motivated to use the facilities.

C.3

The BCC, in their planning policies and design frameworks, have specified the need for less subdivisions and more consolidation in dwellings. According to C195, under clause 2.0 Subdivisions, it is within their future developments visions to discourage the subdivisions of lots and to encourage land parcel/cadastrals consolidation.

ABUNDANCE IN ACCESSIBLE, PUBLIC GREEN SPACES.

CELEBRATION OF CULTURE

Sunshine is a well established and culturally diverse area. These diverse cultural elements can be expanded and linked to the history of Sunshine, amplifying the importance of identity in the precinct, which in turn attracts visitors to the community. This can be potentially rewarding to the precinct in the

35

STRATEGIC DIRECTIONS AND OBJECTIVES STRATEGIC DIRECTIONS WORK AS A GUIDELINE FOR FUTURE DESIGN FRAMEWORKS Strategic Directions and their subsequent Objectives provide a comprehensive guideline for future designers in their design frameworks.

These do not only inform the council’s urban planners and designers, but also private companies and firms, in their designs for specific buildings and sites.

ACCESS & CONNECTIVITY A.1

A1.1 REDUCTION OF LANES WITHIN BALLARAT

ROAD BY 30%

As established, Ballarat Road is the main arterial road within the whole precinct area and along the western suburbs of Victoria. This reduction will be achieved by providing a boulevard design plan along the main road that will reduce traffic by 30% in correspondence with the timeline of the West Gate Tunnel Project. This will also have added benefits to the site.

Strategic directions are the course of actions that inform the objectives within the specified themes of this PSP, and they outline the desired achievements and goals of the vision for the area.

The objectives outlined within this section of the PSP are informed and are carefully considered through the use of the previous Urban Analysis Report, the discovered existing PSPs and policies within the local council and surrounding context, as well as the issues and opportunities highlighted in the previous sections. The objectives outlined will hopefully create an improved Sunshine Precinct area and are designed holistically to create an inclusive and active precinct for the current and future residents of the area.

REDUCE AUTO-MOBILE TRAFFIC WITHIN THE PRECINCT

A1.2

ESTABLISHING SHARED LANES BETWEEN PEDESTRIANS AND OTHER VEHICLES/PUBLIC TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE

There are many places around the world that have integrated the functions of a road network and have added many significant benefits in terms of connectivity within the area A.2

CREATION OF A GREEN BELT INFRASTRUCTURE THROUGH FINDING A WAY TO CONNECT THE PUBLIC PARKS* (*Also relevant to Part B and C) CONNECTING THE PUBLIC PARKS

Connecting the public park system around the precinct will allow for major changes in walkability and public access to amenities and facilities. Green belt infrastructures generally provide increased functionalities to area, as well as increased connectivity.

This green belt system also relate heavily on the other themes of this PSP, and this plan tailors to the overall holistic approach in the design framework that this PSP is trying to achieve.

36

DEVELOPMENT & INFRASTRUCTURE B.1 ENCOURAGING MEDIUM DENSITY AND DIVERSITY IN

FUTURE HOUSING DEVELOPMENTS, THAT WILL FURTHER

BOOST EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES AND SITE CONNECTIVITY

CHARACTER & COMMUNITY C.1

C1.1 CREATION OF EXERCISE CIRCUITS WITHIN

EXISTING AND PROPOSED PUBLIC PARKS

THROUGH THE PROPOSED PRECINCT

GREEN BELT

The creation of the green belt will allow for the further creation of exercise circuits. There is a current trend within new greenfield development sites within the western suburbs of Melbourne that utilise this idea and have proven to be useful.

B1.1 ENCOURAGING MIXED-USED DEVELOPMENTS

Mixed-use development will allow for decreased travel time between employment and liveability, and even entertainment.

This also applies to possibly decreasing large format developments and spreading them across the precinct, effectively decentralising amenities across the precinct.

B1.2 ENCOURAGING PODIUM DEVELOPMENT

Podium developments are buildings that have large setbacks in their development and create more connections and pedestrian walkway in the site if they are connected between buildings. Setbacks also create a friendly streetscape.

B1.3

RE-ORGANISING THE PARKING INFRASTRUCTURE TO CREATE MORE ROOM FOR COMMUNITY ACTIVITIES AND PARKS

Although there is a concern in terms of car dependency, because of the nature of Sunshine’s amenities and function as a provisioning city, it would be better to re-arrange the car parking structure and encourage users to use their cars less by providing a better public transport network and more bicycle lanes.

B.2

CREATION OF A GREEN BELT INFRASTRUCTURE THROUGH FINDING A WAY TO CONNECT THE PUBLIC PARKS* (*Also relevant to Part A and C) IMPROVING ACCESS TO DEVELOPMENTS

Creating the green belt will create better access to facilities and developments. These developments can also be built close to the green belt park areas.

This green belt system also relate heavily on the other themes of this PSP, and this plan tailors to the overall holistic approach in the design framework that this PSP is trying to achieve.

ENCOURAGING AND BUILDING OPPORTUNITIES FOR AN ACTIVE PUBLIC COMMUNITY

C1.2

ESTABLISHING FREE EXERCISE FACILITIES WITHIN ACROSS THE PROPOSED EXERCISE CIRCUITS

As established in the urban analysis report, there is a lack of free facilities that residents can use. This can be easily amended through facilities installed within the public parks.

C.2

CELEBRATING CULTURE AND DIVERSITY

C2.1 CELEBRATING CULTURE AND DIVERSITY BY

ALLOWING FOR DWELLING ARCHITECTURE

AND DESIGN TO REFLECT THE EXISTING

COMMUNITY THROUGH THE ACCEPTANCE OF VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE

This is actually a growing trend within the Brimbank City Council in which future designs of homes and facilities reflect the community within the area. Further encouraging it will transform Sunshine and the greater BCC area into a unique precinct within Melbourne.

C.3

CREATION OF A GREEN BELT INFRASTRUCTURE THROUGH FINDING A WAY TO CONNECT THE PUBLIC PARKS* (*Also relevant to Part B and C) CREATING AN AREA FOR THE COMMUNITY

There are many public events within the Sunshine Precinct that occur annually throughout the year, but the creation of a public square within the proposed green belt infrastructure will allow for a permanent place for celebrations.

37

DESIGN AN URBAN REFORMATION

BENCHMARK CASE STUDIES AND DESIGN THE IMPORTANCE OF LEARNING FROM THE SUCCESS OF EXISTING URBAN DESIGNS There are may great examples of functional and successful urban design and planning project around the world and within the localised context. It is often imperative as a planner and designer to stay updated with these projects and to learn about the aspects and qualities that have made them a success within the precincts and areas that they were designed for. But on that note, it is also important to be considerate of the fact that the aspects that build up the strategic directions and objectives in creating the site were heavily influenced by the local context and these aspects may not be the same for the precinct area defined within this PSP.

CELEBRATING CULTURE AND DIVERSITY THROUGH VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE

Sunshine Buddhist Temple Outside Area (Fig.34)

As we approach the end of this document, it would be good to note successful examples, or benchmark precedents that could be studied in order to realise Sunshine’s full potential.

This section of the document looks into areas nationally and internationally, that have similar characteristics to Sunshine or have designs that could greatly improve the precinct and can tie in with the strategic directions and objectives outlined within the planning section of this document. These areas have somewhat proven to be successful in cultivating a healthy lifestyle for its citizens and the aim is to recreate their success into for the future of the Sunshine precinct.

Sunshine Buddhist Temple Statue (Fig.35)

CHÙA HUE QUANG BUDDHIST TEMPLE A prime example within the local context that serves in celebration of the local culture and diversity is the Chua Hue Quang Buddhist temple along Service Street, which incorporates the designs and styling of a Vietnamese Buddhist temple into the layout of a modern home. This temple is quite grand and pleasing to look at, as it blends in with the feel and reflects the identity of the local area.

40

t x e t n o C l Loca

EXAMPLES WITHIN THE

CAROLINE SPRINGS 3023

Caroline Springs Green Belts Area Map (Fig.36)

CAROLINE SPRINGS LAKE Caroline Springs is a suburb approximately 13mins (10.5km) west from the Sunshine Precinct. It is surrounded by greenfield development sites and already has a well established activity area, but the most important factor as to why Caroline Springs is one of the primary influences for the Sunshine Precinct is because of its green belt development.

C.S. Green Belt Connection from ground (Fig.37)

This area has maintained and kept a lot of its greenfield areas to create a belt of parks and recreational centres that are connected through parklets or strip parks.

There is a man made lake that was created right in the centre of the activity centre and is surrounded by many dwellings of different heights (between 1-6 floors) with more medium density developments currently in progress. The lake includes a 1.8km exercise circuit that many people use on a day to day basis. Along the exercise circuit, many facilities could be found:

Caroline Springs Lake Facilities Montage (Fig.38)

• • • • • •

Free exercise equipment BBQ facilities, with picnic tables and chairs Playground Community centre Water Drinking Fountains Dog waste bags 41

l a n o i t a n Inter

EXAMPLES WITHIN THE

Woonerfs in Drachten, NL (Fig.39)

Podium Design in Exhibition Street (Fig.40)

DRACHTEN THE NETHERLANDS

MELBOURNE VICTORIA

WOONERFS: WHERE CARS, BICYCLES AND PEDESTRIANS ARE ALL TREATED EQUALLY

INSTALLING STREETSCAPE WALKWAYS TO PLAY WITH THE SCALE OF THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT

Woonerfs are roads/street squares that allows for the reduction and for slowing down existing traffic. They are intentionally made with bricks or some other material that change the streetscape and allows for:

Podium style construction is a design style that is currently being implemented in many suburbs of Victoria and within the Melbourne CBD. Within the BCC, it is mentioned in Amendment C195 in Clause 2.0 Building Form and Heritage.

•

•

•

Drivers in cars to know that they are entering a slow speed limit area through the feel of the brick underneath them Pedestrians to safely walk and cross the area wherever they please, while also giving courtesy to passing cars and bicycles.

Bicycles to ride through the city with ease.

A podium building design was named after the fact that it often looks like a podium and consists of the following properties: •

The woonerf was first implemented in public squares and streets in the Netherlands and in Belgium.

This space treats all users of a road equally and with common courtesy. Specified rules within woonerfs apply and change according to the area and its local needs.

•

• 42

The bottom floor is often larger than the floors above. This is due to the function of the bottom floor, where retail and commercial businesses are encouraged to set up shop. There is an exception to this and that is when this floor is raised due to the fact that there is not enough ground level space for the facilities required.

The top floors are skinnier and are give a large setback from the business spaces below. This allows for residential spaces and the streets below to have a lot of sunlight. The setback also helps the building become more friendlier in terms of looking at it from the street.

Pedestrian access is given through the buildings.

Context

DRACHTEN, NL MELBOURNE, VICTORIA SUPERKILEN, NØRREBRO, DK QUI NHON, VIETNAM

An Urban Design Circuit Celebrating Culture (Fig.41)

SUPERKILEN NØRREBRO, DENMARK

Water to Bay Urban Design (Fig.42)

DONG DA LAKE QUI NHON,VIETNAM

CELEBRATING CULTURE IN DESIGN DIVERSITY

REVITALISING A WATERWAY FOR THE LOCAL RESIDENTS TO CREATE AN ATTRACTIVE SPACE

Superkilen by SuperFlex is a 800m urban square that sits in the heart of one of Denmark’s most diverse neighbourhoods.

Dong Da Lake in Vietnam’s Qui Nhon city used to be a forgotten lakeside area that was filled with many problems like poor trash management, air and water pollution and poor aquatic life. The existing conditions of the lake then was affecting the residents of Qui Nhon negatively, as the ecosystem surrounding the lake and the wider contextual environment were being destroyed by the pollution. There was also a significant lack of recreational spaces, and subsequently, recreational activities, due to the building density of the area. (Slums were built due to the history of the site being a fishing boats parking area.)

The project looks into celebrating the diversity of the cultures in NØRREBRO, DENMARK. Within this district, there are 60 different nationalities and this project asked representatives from each nation to retrieve some objects of different ranges and sizes that they have found in their country and to bring it back to be placed within the square.

There are many different items that were imported into country for this square but there are also many items that were just additions by the architects, such as exercise equipment, swings, slides and artful outdoor benches and tables.

It is a square full of physical and fun activities that have effectively celebrated the culture of the local residents of Nørrebro.

When the revitalisation process was completed, Qui Nhon was rewarded with new public spaces as well as a new ecological lake. All sewage that came from the slums were directed into a new hidden system and the waterways were cleared up. Dong Da Lake is now a tourist attraction in Vietnam and many new developments have gone up in the area since the end of the revitalisation project.

43

Shape Up Sun ‘ACTIVATING OUR TOWN CENTRE’ DESIGN FRAMEWORK

Sunshine Aerial Map (Fig.43)

nshine ‘SHAPE UP SUNSHINE’ THE SUNSHINE HEALTHY PRECINCT STUDIO DESIGN FRAMEWORK

BEFORE

‘Shape Up Sunshine’ is a design framework designed for the Sunshine Town Centre (STC) and the Sunshine Activities Area (SAA). It is a consolidation of design proposals for the precinct that have been made to become the solutions to the identified issues and opportunities within the site, through the strategic directions stated in planning section of this document.

This design framework portrays actions and objectives that could be implemented within the precinct in order to make Sunshine’s residents happy and have an active lifestyle. These actions and objectives are displayed using multiple visual methods, such as mapping, 3d rendering and images. Actions and implementations prevail to three themes identified; access and connectivity, developments and infrastructure; and character and community.

At the end of the design framework, an implementation guide and timeline are created in order to portray the projected future start dates and completions of the strategic directions created for this framework plan.

AFTER

COMPLETE DESIGN PROPOSAL MAP HOLISTIC DESIGN OVERVIEW

Shape Up Sunshine Master Plan (Fig.44)

46

STRATEGIC DIRECTIONS & OBJECTIVES DESIGN INFLUENCERS ACCORDING TO BENCHMARK STUDIES ACCESS & CONNECTIVITY

CHARACTER & COMMUNITY

A.1

C.1

REDUCE AUTO-MOBILE TRAFFIC WITHIN THE PRECINCT A1.1

REDUCTION OF LANES WITHIN BALLARAT ROAD BY 30%

C1.1

Design will pull ideas from Caroline Springs.

A1.2

ESTABLISHING SHARED LANES BETWEEN PEDESTRIANS AND OTHER VEHICLES/PUBLIC TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE C1.2

CREATION OF A GREEN BELT INFRASTRUCTURE THROUGH FINDING A WAY TO CONNECT THE PUBLIC PARKS* (*Also relevant to Part B and C)

ESTABLISHING FREE EXERCISE FACILITIES WITHIN ACROSS THE PROPOSED EXERCISE CIRCUITS Design will pull ideas from Caroline Springs and Superkilen.

CONNECTING THE PUBLIC PARKS

C.2

Design will pull ideas from Caroline Springs.

C2.1 CELEBRATING CULTURE AND DIVERSITY BY

ALLOWING FOR DWELLING ARCHITECTURE

AND DESIGN TO REFLECT THE EXISTING

COMMUNITY THROUGH THE ACCEPTANCE OF VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE

DEVELOPMENT & INFRASTRUCTURES B.1 ENCOURAGING MEDIUM DENSITY AND DIVERSITY IN

FUTURE HOUSING DEVELOPMENTS, THAT WILL FURTHER

BOOST EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES AND SITE CONNECTIVITY B1.1

ENCOURAGING MIXED-USED DEVELOPMENTS Design will pull ideas from Caroline Springs, Amendment C195 and Podium Designs.

B1.2

ENCOURAGING PODIUM DEVELOPMENT Design will pull ideas Amendment C195 and Podium Designs.

B1.3

B.2

CREATION OF EXERCISE CIRCUITS WITHIN EXISTING AND PROPOSED PUBLIC PARKS THROUGH THE PROPOSED PRECINCT GREEN BELT Design will pull ideas from Caroline Springs, Superkilen and Dong Da Lake.

Design will pull ideas from Drachten, the Netherlands.

A.2

ENCOURAGING AND BUILDING OPPORTUNITIES FOR AN ACTIVE PUBLIC COMMUNITY

RE-ORGANISING THE PARKING INFRASTRUCTURE TO CREATE MORE ROOM FOR COMMUNITY ACTIVITIES AND PARKS

CELEBRATING CULTURE AND DIVERSITY

Design will pull ideas from Caroline Springs, Superkilen and Sunshine’s Chùa Hue Quang Buddhist Temple.

C.3

CREATION OF A GREEN BELT INFRASTRUCTURE THROUGH FINDING A WAY TO CONNECT THE PUBLIC PARKS* (*Also relevant to Part B and C) CREATING AN AREA FOR THE COMMUNITY

Design will pull ideas from Caroline Springs, Superkilen, Sunshine’s Chùa Hue Quang Buddhist Temple, Dong Da Lake and Drachten, the Netherlands.

CREATION OF A GREEN BELT INFRASTRUCTURE THROUGH FINDING A WAY TO CONNECT THE PUBLIC PARKS* (*Also relevant to Part A and C) IMPROVING ACCESS TO DEVELOPMENTS Design will pull ideas from Caroline Springs, Podium Designs, Superkilen and Drachten, the Netherlands.

47

CONNECTIVITY & ACCESS A.1 REDUCE AUTO-MOBILE TRAFFIC WITHIN THE PRECINCT A1.1 REDUCTION OF LANES BY 30%

BEFORE

Ballarat Road Boulevard (Fig.45)

AFTER

TRAFFIC REDUCTION IN BALLARAT ROAD As stated before, there will be a change already suggested in the VPA NEIC Draft Framework to turn Ballarat Road into a boulevard.

This will only be possible after the construction of the West Gate Tunnel is completed.

48

With the reduction of lanes within Ballarat Road, there can be more space to use in the development of new bicycle lanes along Ballarat Road, as well as better crossings for pedestrians.

This change will improve the access needed by pedestrians and amend the divide created by Ballarat Road between the north and south parts of the precinct.

A.1 REDUCE AUTO-MOBILE TRAFFIC WITHIN THE PRECINCT A1.2 ESTABLISHMENT OF EQUAL RIGHTS SHARED AREAS - WOONERFS

Woonerf Installation Plan (Fig.46)

INSTALLATION OF WOONERFS AROUND THE ACTIVITY CENTRE The introduction of woonerfs within the Sunshine Precinct will allow for the move from car dependency to a pedestrian friendly space.

areas it has been installed in around the world and installing it within the Sunshine precinct will help prioritise the safety and movement of the residents and users of Sunshine.

Woonerfs have helped increase walkability within the

49

A.2, B.2 & C.3 GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENT A1.1 REDUCTION OF LANES BY 30%

CURRENT PRECINCT SITUATION

2 1

Green Belt Master Plan (Fig.47)

50

AFTER GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENT RENDERS

BEFORE IMAGERY

1

2

51

DEVELOPMENT & INFRASTRUCTURE

B.1 ENCOURAGING DIVERSITY IN DEVELOPMENTS B1.1 ENCOURAGING MIXED-USE DEVELOPMENTS RESIDENTIAL USE COMMERCIAL AND RETAIL USE

ENCOURAGING MIXED USE DEVELOPMENTS Mixed used developments are already implemented in Amendment C195, but it would be good to note that Commercial and Retail sections could be a little higher, creating more opportunity for larger format developments to move to these mixed use areas. It could also save a lot of space within the precinct for better public amenities and parks.

B1.2 ENCOURAGING PODIUM DEVELOPMENT THE PODIUM DESIGN The podium design can be implemented within the Sunshine Precinct for areas where there are designated mixed-use land use. (See figure 44).

Podiums can be greatly beneficial to areas in terms of health as it can ensure that residents obtain enough sunlight and wind within their residential homes. The designed setback is also beneficial for the streetscape as it will prevent too much shadowing occurring on to the street and will allow the wind to easily go through the precinct, preventing the wind tunnel effect.

B1.3 RE-ORGANIZING THE PARKING STRUCTURE B1.3 is heavily dependent on the activities and overall final structure determined in the green belt map. Reorganising the parking structure is important because although decreasing the car dependency of the precinct is the desired result of all the changes, it would still be difficult to do if there are many visitors coming from outside the precinct to use the existing facilities.

52

CHARACTER & COMMUNITY C.1 ENCOURAGING AND CREATING HEALTHY ACTIVITY C1.1 CREATING EXERCISE CIRCUITS THE IMPORTANCE OF A DESIGNATED CIRCUIT The circuit design will depend greatly on future developments within the site, as well as after the completion of the green belt structure.

It would be beneficial to the public if there were a designated area and path just for exercising and walking. This could be a designated organised activity within the precinct.

C.1 ENCOURAGING AND CREATING HEALTHY ACTIVITY C1.2 ESTABLISHING FREE EXERCISE FACILITIES This objective is related to the exercise circuit and cannot really be implemented without C1.1 being completed or near completion.

Implementation of these exercise areas and facilities should be approximately 100m apart from one another, except for when there is a designated square, at which, exercise areas are to be built at a 200m buffer from the square’s centre.

C.2 CELEBRATING CULTURE AND DIVERSITY C2.1 INTRODUCING VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE TO THE PRECINCT Introducing vernacular architecture to the site can be done in new low density developments should the developer choose to do so and if the council approves.

Amendment C195 talks about the design needing to reflect and blend with the site, so designs must be sent through council and must be approved.

Design guidelines for architecture and cosmetic expectations can be formed in another design framework plan.

53

DESIGN IMPLEMENTATION STAGES AND TIMELINE TIMEFRAME

START DATE

D.O.C.

ASSOCIATED PARTNER/S

Long

2020

2030

SGV, VicRoads

REDUCTION OF LANES WITHIN BALLARAT ROAD BY 30%

Medium

2028

2030

BCC, SGV, Vicroads

ESTABLISHING SHARED LANES BETWEEN PEDESTRIANS AND OTHER VEHICLES/PUBLIC TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE

Short

2020

2030

BCC, VPA

Medium

2025

2035

BCC, DELWP, VPA

Ongoing

2020

Ongoing

BCC, VPA

ACCESS & CONNECTIVITY A.1

REDUCE AUTO-MOBILE TRAFFIC WITHIN THE PRECINCT A1.1

A1.2

A.2

CREATION OF A GREEN BELT INFRASTRUCTURE THROUGH FINDING A WAY TO CONNECT THE PUBLIC PARKS* (*Also relevant to Part B and C) CONNECTING THE PUBLIC PARKS

DEVELOPMENT & INFRASTRUCTURES B.1 ENCOURAGING MEDIUM DENSITY AND DIVERSITY IN

FUTURE HOUSING DEVELOPMENTS, THAT WILL FURTHER

BOOST EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES AND SITE CONNECTIVITY

B.2

B1.1

ENCOURAGING MIXED-USED DEVELOPMENTS

Ongoing

2020

Ongoing

BCC, VPA

B1.2

ENCOURAGING PODIUM DEVELOPMENT

Ongoing

2020

Ongoing

BCC, VPA

B1.3

RE-ORGANISING THE PARKING INFRASTRUCTURE TO CREATE MORE ROOM FOR COMMUNITY ACTIVITIES AND PARKS

Medium

2025

2030

BCC

Short

Dependent on Development

Dependent on Development

BCC

Medium

2020

2030

BCC, DV, VPA

CREATION OF A GREEN BELT INFRASTRUCTURE THROUGH FINDING A WAY TO CONNECT THE PUBLIC PARKS* (*Also relevant to Part A and C) IMPROVING ACCESS TO DEVELOPMENTS

CHARACTER & COMMUNITY C.1

C.2

ENCOURAGING AND BUILDING OPPORTUNITIES FOR AN ACTIVE PUBLIC COMMUNITY C1.1

CREATION OF EXERCISE CIRCUITS WITHIN EXISTING AND PROPOSED PUBLIC PARKS THROUGH THE PROPOSED PRECINCT GREEN BELT

Long in terms of overall time frame

2035

2050

BCC, DV, VPA

C1.2

ESTABLISHING FREE EXERCISE FACILITIES WITHIN ACROSS THE PROPOSED EXERCISE CIRCUITS

Short

2040 for Green Belt 2020 for existing parks

1 month per installation

BCC

Ongoing

2020

Ongoing

BCC

Medium

2025

2035

BCC, VPA

CELEBRATING CULTURE AND DIVERSITY

C2.1 CELEBRATING CULTURE AND DIVERSITY BY

ALLOWING FOR DWELLING ARCHITECTURE

AND DESIGN TO REFLECT THE EXISTING

COMMUNITY THROUGH THE ACCEPTANCE OF VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE.

C.3

54

CREATION OF A GREEN BELT INFRASTRUCTURE THROUGH FINDING A WAY TO CONNECT THE PUBLIC PARKS* (*Also relevant to Part B and C) CREATING AN AREA FOR THE COMMUNITY

CREATING AN IMPLEMENTATION PLAN The implementation plan in a precinct structure plan outlines the intended starting dates of the strategic actions and objectives, as well as the predicted date of completion.

It also highlights the associations that are going to be involved within the implementation process.

This section of the document also includes a rough timeline.

IMPLEMENTATION TIMELINE

55

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Glossary ABBREVIATIONS

ACCESSIBILITY to be able to reach or enter a space without being hindered or blocked

ABS

Australian Bureau of Statistics

AUD

Australian Dollar

DENSITY

BCC

Brimbank City Council

BUILDING

BMDCP Brimbank Municipal Development Contributions Plan

the volume of buildings within the given area

BPS

Brimbank Planning Scheme

GROSS DENSITY

CBD

Central Business District

the total given area of the cadastral boundaries not including areas that doesn’t necessarily relate to the the appointed site

DCP

Development Contributions Plan NET DENSITY

DELWP Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning DPCD

Department of Planning and Community Development

the total given area of the entire precinct POPULATION

DTPLI Department of Transport Planning and Local Infrastructure

the total amount of people located within the given site area

DV

Development Victoria

RESIDENTIAL

HBPS

Hobsons Bay Planning Scheme

LFRA

Large Format Retail Association

MFB

Metropolitan Fire Brigade

the total floor area of dwellings/developments divided by the land area of the building cadastral that is designated to the development

MaPS

Maribyrnong Planning Scheme

GENTRIFICATION

MePS

Melbourne Planning Scheme

NEIC

National Employment and Innovation Cluster

the process that a dwelling or a district goes through, in terms of renovation or redevelopment, so that it conforms to the specifications and aspects of the median socio-economic class.

PHIDU

Public Health and Information Department Unit

OBJECTIVE

PMPS

Port of Melbourne Planning Scheme

PSA

Planning Scheme Amendment

PTV

Public Transport Victoria

STRATEGIC DIRECTION

SAA

Sunshine Activities Area

the strategy that informs and establishes the department and related constituents on the structure and vision visioned for the site.

SGV

State Government of Victoria

the number of residential buildings within the given area

SHWEP Sunshine Health, Wellbeing and Education Precinct STCSP

Sunshine Town Centre Structure Plan

SUS

Shape Up Sunshine (Design Framework)

TfV

Transport for Victoria

VBB

Victoria’s Big Build

VPA

Victorian Planning Authority

VPP

Victorian Planning Provisions

WPS

Wyndham Planning Scheme

58

FLOOR TO AREA RATIO

the proposition created within the plan or design framework that relates to the specific or desired changes within the site. This will be informed by the strategic direction.

Figure List 1.

Front Cover, ‘Photo Edit of Library,’ by Arianna Garay. Edited through Illustrator.

2.

‘Pedestrian Walkway to Magistrate’s Court,’ photograph taken by Arianna Garay.

3.

‘Hampshire Road, Art Installment,’ photograph taken by Arianna Garay.

4.

Greater Melbourne Metropolitan Map by Arianna Garay. Exported from GIS and edited in Illustrator.

5.

Brimbank LGA with Sunshine Map by Arianna Garay. Edited in Illustrator.

6.

Distance Proximity Map from CBD by Arianna Garay. Edited in Illustrator.

7.

Aerial View of the Sunshine Precinct by Arianna Garay. Screenshot obtained from Google Earth Pro and was edited in Illustrator.

8.

General Context Map by Arianna Garay. Created in Illustrator.

9.

Zoning Map according to DELWP, by Arianna Garay. Information obtained from VicPlan as Planning Maps Online has been currently unavailable. Edited in Illustrator.

10. Land Use Map by Arianna Garay and Justin Ho. Information obtained from site visits and observation and was edited in Illustrator.

11.

Transport Infrastructure Analysis Map by Arianna Garay. Map information consolidated from original urban analysis report and was edited in Illustrators.

12. Health Infrastructure Map by Arianna Garay and Justin Ho. Information obtained from site data collection visits and was edited and compiled in Illustrator.

13. % of Population that exercise per week. Pie chart created by Arianna Garay on excel and was edited in Illustrator. Information was obtained from the Public Health Information and Development Unit.

14. ‘Brimbank Council Main Offices,’ photograph taken by Arianna Garay.

15. ‘Map of Precinct Area to Main Hospital,’ photograph taken by Arianna Garay.

16. Melbourne Airport Railway Link Plan, created by Rail Projects Victoria.

17. Render of Airport Rail Link Train by the Victorian State Government.

18. Aerial Shot of Sunshine Station’ by Adam Carey.

19. ‘Aerial Shot of the Port of Melbourne’. Photographer not specified.

Photographed obtained from West Gate Tunnel Project website.

20. ‘Clarke Street Pedestrian Thoroughfare,’ photograph taken by Arianna Garay.

21. Visualisation of Hampshire Road Upgrades.

Render creator

unknown.

22. Visualisation of Hampshire Road Upgrades, photograph taken by Arianna Garay.

23. Visualisation of Hampshire Road Upgrades, photograph taken by Arianna Garay.

24. Visualisation of Town Centre Upgrades. Photograph taken by Arianna Garay.

25. Visualisation of Town Centre Upgrades. Photograph taken by Arianna Garay.

26. Visualisation of Town Centre Upgrades. Photograph taken by Arianna Garay.

27. SAA Amendment C195 Map. Courtesy of Brimbank City Council.

28. Ballarat Road Amendment C195 Map. Courtesy of Brimbank City Council.

29. Stony Creek/Albion Station Area Amendment C195 Map. Courtesy of Brimbank City Council.

30. Precinct Issues Map by Arianna Garay. Edited in Illustrator.

31. Some facilities accessible near the car park. Photographs taken

by Arianna Garay.

32. Sunshine Marketplace Car Park. Image obtained from Nearmap.

33. Precinct Opportunities Map by Arianna Garay. Edited in Illustrator.

34. Sunshine Buddhist Temple Outside Area.

Arianna Garay.

Photography by

35. Sunshine Buddhist Temple Statue. Photography by Arianna Garay.

36. Caroline Springs Green Belts Area Map by Arianna Garay. Photo extracted from Google Earth Pro and was edited in Photoshop.

37. C.S. Green Belt Connections from ground. Photograph by Arianna Garay.

38. Caroline Springs Lake Facilities Montage by Arianna Garay.

39. Woonerfs in Drachten, NL. Obtained from Jaffe, E. CityLab. 40. Podium Design in Exhibition Street. Obtained from Baljak, M. 41. An urban design circuite celebrating culture. Obtained from Superflex.

42. Water to bay Urban Design. Obtained from Frearson, A. 43. Sunshine Aerial Map by Arianna Garay. Exported from Google Earth Pro and edited in Illustrator and Photoshop.

44. Shape Up Sunshine Master Plan by Arianna Garay. Edited in Illustrator.

45. Ballarat Road Boulevard by Arianna Garay. Edited in Illustrator.

46. Woonerf Installation Plan by Arianna Garay. Edited in Illustrator.

47. Green Belt Master Plan by Arianna Garay. Edited in Illustrator.

59

Citations

Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2018). 3218.0 - Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2016-2017. Australia, Retrieved from http://www.abs.gov.au/

of Melbourne Council & Wyndham City Council. (2018).

Consolidation Report of Amendment GC65: The West Gate Tunnel Project. Melbourne, Victoria.

Australian Reinforcing Company (ARC). (2018). About Page. Sunshine, Victoria, Australia, Retrieved from https://www.arcreo.com.au/about

Carey, A. (2018, August 28). How the suburban rail loop would transform Melbourne. The Age, Retrieved from https://www.theage.com.au/politics/victoria/howthe-suburban-rail-loop-would-transform-melbourne20180828-p500bq.html

Australia, Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, State of Victoria. (2017). Reformed Residential Zones. Retrieved 2018, from https://www.planning.vic. gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0025/103867/ResidentialGrowth-Zone.pdf Australia, Victoria Planning Association, State of Victoria.

(2017). Sunshine Health, Wellbeing and Education Precinct. Retrieved 2018, from https://vpa.vic.gov.au/ project/sunshine-health-wellbeing-education-precinct/ Baljak, M. (2016, November 23). When the podium works... it really works. Urban.com.au, Melbourne, Victoria, Retrieved from https://www.urban.com.au/ design/2016/11/23/when-the-podium-works-it-reallyworks Brimbank Atlas of Health. (2014). Mapping the influences on health and education in the Brimbank community. The University of Adelaide Brimbank City Council. (2017, October 11). Brimbank Planning Scheme Amendment C195. Sunshine, Victoria, Retrieved from https://www.brimbank.vic.gov.au/buildingand-planning/strategic-planning-and-development/ planning-scheme-amendments/brimbank-6 Brimbank City Council. (2017). Hampshire Road Master Plan 2014. Sunshine, Victoria, Retrieved from https:// www.brimbank.vic.gov.au/plans-policies-and-strategies/ plans/hampshire-road-master-plan-2014 Brimbank City Council. (2018). Municipal Development Contributions Plan. Brimbank City Council, Retrieved from https://www.brimbank.vic.gov.au/building-andplanning/development-contributions-plan Brimbank City Council. (2017). Sunshine Town Centre Development Contributions Plan. Sunshine, Victoria, Retrieved from https://www.brimbank.vic.gov.au/ building-and-planning/development-contributions-plan Brimbank City Council. (2017). Sunshine Town Centre Structure Plan. Sunshine, Victoria, Retrieved from https://www.brimbank.vic.gov.au/plans-policies-andstrategies/plans/sunshine-town-centre-structure-plan Brimbank City Council, Hobsons Bay City Council, Maribyrnong City Council, Melbourne City Council, Port

60

DELWP - Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning. (2014). Plan Melbourne: metropolitan planning strategy. Melbourne, Victoria: State Government of Victoria.

DELWP - Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning. (2018). Commercial Zone 3, Amendment VC149. Melbourne, Australia, Retrieved from https:// www.planning.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_ file/0020/391142/Commercial-3-Zone-and-Schedule.pdf Development Victoria, Victoria’s Big Build & Victoria State Government. (2018). Suburban Rail Loop: Strategic Assessment. Melbourne, Victoria, Retrieved from http://www.development.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/ pdf_file/0018/42714/SRL1459-Suburban-Rail-LoopSummary-Document-DAY-2_32PP-WEB_V27.pdf Ford, O. (2001). Harvester town: the making of Sunshine 1890-1925. Sunshine and District Historical Society.

Frearson, A. (2015, August 7). Waterside Park by MIA Design Studio runs alongside a lake in Vietnam. Retrieved from https://www.dezeen.com/2015/08/07/watersidepark-mia-design-studio-dong-da-lake-qui-nhon-vietnam/ Giles-Corti, B., Francis, J., Wood, L., & Knuiman, M. (2012).

Creating Sense of Community: The role of public space.

Journal of Environmental Psychology.

Gunn, L., Mavoa, S., Boulange, C., Hooper, P., Kavanagh, A., & Giles-Corti, B. (2017). Designing healthy communities: creating evidence on metrics for built environment features associated with walkable neighbourhood activity centres . International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. .id community. (2018). City of Brimbank: About the profile areas. profile.id, Retrieved from https://profile. id.com.au/brimbank/about .id community. (2018). Sunshine: Overseas Arrivals. profile.id, Retrieved from https://profile.id.com.au/ brimbank/about?WebID=260

Jacks, T. & Preiss, B. (2018, August 28). State government announces massive suburban rail loop for Melbourne.

The Age. Retrieved from https://www.theage.com.au/ national/victoria/state-government-announces-massivesuburban-rail-loop-for-melbourne-20180828-p5005r.html Jaffe, E. (2015, March 23). 6 Places Where Cars, Bikes, and Pedestrians All Share the Road As Equals. City Lab, New York, New York, Retrieved from https://www.citylab. com/solutions/2015/03/6-places-where-cars-bikes-andpedestrians-all-share-the-road-as-equals/388351/

Retrieved from https://bigbuild.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/ pdf_file/0007/318571/MARL-Sunshine-Route-StrategicAppraisal.pdf VicHealth. (2016). Victorian Indicator Survey 2015 LGA Profile. Retrieved from: https://www.vichealth.vic.gov.au/ media-and-resources/publications/vichealth-indicatorslga-profiles-2015 Victorian Heritage Database (VHD)++. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://vhd.heritage.vic.gov.au/local/search/ brimbank?page=1&search_type=local&type=user

Lucas C. (2018, August 31). Five million Melburnians: City’s population hits milestone tomorrow. The Age, Retrieved from https://www.theage.com.au/politics/victoria/fivemillion-melburnians-city-s-population-hits-milestonetomorrow-20180830-p500rm.html

Victorian Planning Authority. (2017). Sunshine National Employment and Innovation Cluster: Draft Framework Plan. Retrieved from: https://vpa.vic.gov.au/project/ sunshine-employment-cluster/

Museum Victoria. (n.d.). Sunshine Harvester Works - HV McKay - a history of agricultural enterprise in Victoria, Australia 1880-1960. Retrieved from https:// museumsvictoria.com.au/sunshine/factory.asp

Victorian Planning Authority. (2017, March 9). What is a National Employment and Innovation Cluster?. vpa.vic. gov.au, Retrieved from https://vpa.vic.gov.au/faq/nationalemployment-innovation-cluster/

Pricewater Cooper Australia (PwC). (2018). CityPulse Melbourne Map: Mapping Work, Live and Play. Interactive Map. Retrieved from: https://www.pwc.com.au/agendas/ cities/citypulse/melbourne.html

Victorian State Government. (n.d.). Airport Rail Link: Connecting Melbourne Airport to all metropolitant and regional rail lines via Sunshine. Victoria’s Big Build, Victorria, Australia, Retrieved from https://bigbuild.vic.gov. au/projects/airport-rail-link

Public Health Information Development Unit (PHIDU).

The Brimbank Atlas of Health and Eduction. Adelaide: PHIDU, The University of Adelaide, 2014 Public Transport Victoria. (2017). Victorian Train Network Map. Public Transport Victoria, Australia, Retrieved from https://www.ptv.vic.gov.au/getting-around/maps/

West Gate Tunnel Authority in collaboration with the State Government of Victoria. (2018). West Gate Tunnel Project: Under Construction. Melbourne, Victoria, Retrieved from http://westgatetunnelproject.vic.gov.au/ wgt/

Rail Projects Victoria. (n.d.). Melbourne Airport Rail Link.

Melbourne, Victoria, Retrieved from https://metrotunnel. vic.gov.au/rail-projects-victoria/airportrail SGS Economics and Planning. (2017, July). Sunshine Health, Wellbeing and Education Precinct: Final Report for the Victorian Planning Authority and Brimbank City Council 2017. Melbourne, Victoria.

Superflex. (2011). Superkilen. Copenhagen, Denmark, Retrieved from https://www.superflex.net/tools/ superkilen/image/8#g Towell, N. (2018, July 22). Melbourne airport rail up and away with Andrews government $5b pledge. The Age. Retrieved from https://www.theage.com.au/national/ victoria/melbourne-airport-rail-up-and-away-withandrews-government-5b-pledge-20180722-p4zsvw.html Transport for Victoria. (2018). Melbourne Airport Rail Link: Sunshine Route, Strategic Appraisal. Melbourne, Victoria,

61