AUTHORS Adverse Effect Of Ukraine War On Children's Mental Health Moses Ekwere, Nigeria Russian Ukraine War: Impact on Europe Jason Eappen, USA
Effect of the Russian Ukraine War on Global Market Yash Tiwari, India Girl's Human Rights and the Russo - Ukrainian War Joleen Bakalova, USA The long impact of War on Women and Children: A case study of Ukraine-Russian War Abigail Oppong, Ghana Impact of Humanitarian Crises on Young Individuals : A focus on the Russian - Ukraine Conflit Rehman Hassan, USA Problems of human right and how to tackle them around the world
给全世界儿童的问题和建议 Tinayi Zhang, China
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction........................................................................................................................... 01 Adverse Effect Of Ukraine War On Children's Mental Health....................................02 Russian-Ukraine War: Impact on Europe....................................................................... 06 Effect of the Russian Ukraine War on Global Market...............................................................08 Girl's Human Rights and the Russo - Ukrainian War..................................................................11
The long impact of War on Women and Children: A case study of Russo-Ukraine War.......................................................................................................................................... 14 Impact of Humanitarian Crises on Young Individuals :A focus on the Russian UkraineConflict............,.........................................................................................................16 Problems of human right and how to tackle them around the world.......................18
给全世界儿童的问题和建议 ...................................................................................................19 Author Profiles...................................................................................................................... 21
ADVERSE EFFECT OF THE UKRAINE WAR ON CHILDREN'S MENTAL HEALTH
02
By: Moses Ekwere Nigeria We apparently live in a period unlike any other, with one startling event after another. Unfortunately, European countries have a long history of exposure to large-scale trauma, primarily as a result of man-made events such as war. The adverse effect of a child's mental health will be heavily influenced by the assistance they receive from their guardians. However, during times of conflict, regular attachments are usually interrupted, making this challenging as well. Some children may lose their caregivers, be separated from them as some family members evacuate and others fight, or discover that their caregivers are too unhappy, nervous, or obsessed with protecting and providing for the family to be completely emotionally present.
Amid Russia's intrusion of Ukraine, children there are suffering the catastrophic repercussions of living in
a
war
zone,
including
the
constant fear of shelling, shooting, and losing loved ones, as well as concerns about availability to food, safe
drinking
healthcare, disintegration
as
water, well
of
their
and
as
the
typical
routines and structures.
Sudden life-threatening incidents, conflicts, and wars have far-reaching repercussions for mental health and well-being, particularly in children. Experiencing such wars causes trauma, overwhelms the victims, and has far-reaching consequences in many aspects of a child's life. Wars and wars may cause a toxic mix of stress and mental and physical health issues in children and adults. Posttraumatic stress disorder and depression are the most frequent mental health illnesses among children and young people in the aftermath of conflict. While it is difficult to assess the prevalence of these illnesses, most investigations have reported considerably higher levels of disturbance when compared to control groups. Previous studies of freshly arrived refugee children, for example, reveal anxiety rates ranging from 49 percent to 69 percent, with prevalence increasing considerably if at least one parent was tortured or families were split.
03
Even a single traumatic experience can cause posttraumatic stress disorder in children, but recurrent or persistent trauma raises the risk. Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms vary; sufferers may experience tremendous dread, helplessness, rage, grief, terror, or denial. They may also have physical symptoms such as headaches and stomach pains, exhibit more quick and strong emotional reactions, or have difficulty getting or staying asleep. Children who have experienced repeated trauma may develop emotional numbness in order to deaden or suppress the pain and stress. This is known as dissociation. Depression can affect children as early as three years old, causing them to feel sad or hopeless, or to lose interest in activities they formerly enjoyed. Their sleep habits and energy levels may shift, and some may even commit suicide. The negative impacts of war trauma on children are not limited to specific mental health diagnoses, but also comprise a broad and multidimensional range of developmental outcomes
that
jeopardize
relationships,
school
achievement,
and
overall
life
happiness. This is made worse by the fact that violent conflict frequently destroys or severely ruins schools and educational systems. Without the framework provided by schools, children would rely on adults to give it; we have seen videos online of Ukrainian children in subterranean bunkers where adults facilitate studies and allotted playtimes. Defending the rights of Ukraine’s Children Despite recent improvements aimed at preserving the rights of children impacted by the crisis in eastern Ukraine, UNICEF reported that approximately 500,000 girls and boys suffer significant threats to their physical and psychological well-being.
04
The
UN
organization
and
its
partners provide mental health and psychosocial support services to youngsters who live along the 420kilometer-long separates
contact
line
that
government
and
non-
government-controlled territories. UNICEF assistance reached nearly 70,000
children,
youth,
and
caregivers last year.
Teachers were educated to give psychological assistance, which means they can now better care for students in school while still coping with the terror and stress of the fighting. This year, UNICEF needs $2.2 million for its child protection mission to offer crucial psychological assistance to more than 85,000 children.
The Aftereffect on Future Generations It's difficult enough for an adult to cope with the savagery of war. The influence on children is enormous. According to research, children who have experienced war and warfare have a high level of psychological difficulties. Children are attempting to navigate their new environment without the security and stability of a home, school, or any other form of structure. Many of these children will struggle to meet their fundamental emotional needs, through no fault of their own. The mental health scars left by war will accompany them for the rest of their lives.
05
Sources: Ukraine conflict affecting children’s mental health: UNICEF https://news.un.org/en/story/2022/02/1111172 https://www.mhe-sme.org/ukraine-crisis-mental-health-impact-young-people/ https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2022/3/31/how-is-the-ukraine-war-affectingchildrens-mental-health
RUSSIAN-UKRAINE WAR: IMPACT ON EUROPE
06
By: Jason Eappen USA Throughout history, Europe has been the homefront of some of the world’s greatest wars. From wars like World War I, to the deadliest war known in the world today, World War II. However, through some of the most devastating losses came one of the world's greatest continents. Europe has continued to rebuild and grow its economy to become an economic and political powerhouse in the world today. Yet, what once seemed impossible became possible. After instrumental efforts to try to avoid another deadly event and promote peace, on February 24th, 2022, Russia had announced that it was launching a land incursion into Ukraine. This was the beginning of a war that would forever change the face of the world. To provide context, there were talks that Ukraine expressed interest in joining NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization). NATO is a western backed military alliance headed by the United States, and Article V of NATO states that an attack on one is an attack on all means that any NATO country that is attacked drags all the remaining nations into the conflict. Seeing that Ukraine, one of Russia's former satellite states, is attempting to join this multilateral organization backed by western powers, Russia strikes first in order to attempt to unify the former Soviet Union and get rid of the current western backed government. Europe and the rest of the world looked on as the human rights abuses occurring in the country was astonishing. Innocent civilians and children have been caught in the crossfire and have been killed in rapidly increasing numbers. This war has also led to the worst migrant crisis in Europe since World War II. Millions of civilians have fled their home town in order to try and avoid the endless shelling. Regardless of the outcome of the war, Europe will be forever changed. Prior to the war, Germany has historically not militarized as heavily compared to other European states. However, after the Ukraine war, Germany has rapidly increased its military budget to modernize and expand its military.
07
Furthermore, countries who've maintained neutrality throughout a multitude of previous conflicts have punished Russia for their actions in Ukraine. For example, Switzerland is placing sanctions on Russia, and Sweden and Finland have proposed interest in joining NATO to protect themselves against Russian aggression. These changing times have caused many historically significant events to occur and forever make an imprint on Europe. In conclusion, wars always have an impact on the world around us. Whether that be socially, politically, or economically, wars have continued to impact Europe and shift major demographics. Governmental and societal structures may survive, but the lives lost at the hands of these wars can never be replaced. Peace is something every person wants to achieve, but the way to accomplish the collective goal has caused more polarization in our world today. It is going to be up to the leaders of tomorrow to solve the issue that has shifted Europe. The Ukraine-Russia War is just the first of many potential conflicts that might cause more changes and create a large impact on Europe. Being able to save lives and create peace should be the first priority of leaders and hopefully the Ukraine War will end will an outcome that is benefically.
EFFECT OF THE RUSSIAN UKRAINE WAR ON THE GLOBAL MARKET
08
By: Yash Tiwari India When Russia invaded Ukraine, no one anticipated how long the fight would go or how severe the repercussions would be in Europe and the rest of the world. Vladimir Putin's invasion of Ukraine is unmistakably a watershed moment in history. The crimes against humanity committed in occupied Ukrainian communities are a heinous violation of international law. Is Putin's conflict, however, a turning point in the global economy? The GDP of Ukraine is predicted to collapse by 45.1 percent this year, albeit the size of the contraction will be determined by the length and intensity of the conflict. Russia's economy has already entered a deep recession as a result of extraordinary sanctions, with output expected to decline by 11.2 percent in 2022.[1] The battle has heightened fears of a dramatic global slowdown, rising prices and debt, and an increase in poverty levels. Multiple routes of economic impact have been felt, including commodities and financial markets, trade and migration links, and a negative impact on confidence. The battle is also wreaking havoc on Europe's and Central Asia's emerging and developing economies, a region that was already on the verge of experiencing an economic recession this year due to the pandemic's persistent effects. Apart from Russia and Ukraine, Belarus, Kyrgyz Republic, Moldova, and Tajikistan are predicted to enter recession this year, with growth forecasts lowered in all economies due to war-related spillovers, weaker-thanexpected euro-area growth, and commodity, trade, and financing shocks. Russia and Ukraine account for roughly 40% of wheat imports in the region, with Central Asia and the South Caucasus accounting for up to 75%. Many countries sell to Russia, and remittances from Russia account for up to 30 percent of GDP in some Central Asian economies (Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan). Some have speculated that this war, like 1914, will constitute a watershed moment in globalized history. They believe that conflict and a lack of confidence will stifle investment and trade while also triggering a global retreat from interdependence.
09
OTHERS SEE RUSSIA'S EFFORTS TO DEVELOP ECONOMIC CHANNELS WITH INDIA AND CHINA AS FORESHADOWING A NEW MULTIPOLAR ORDER. WHILE ANALYZING THE GRAPH, YOU CAN SEE THE DRASTIC INCREASE IN PRICES OF GOODS AROUND THE WORLD. THE EFFECTS OF THIS HAVE BEEN SEEN ACROSS THE GLOBE. INCREASED FOOD AND FUEL PRICES MAY EXACERBATE THE LIKELIHOOD OF UNREST IN SEVERAL COUNTRIES, RANGING FROM SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA AND LATIN AMERICA TO THE CAUCASUS AND CENTRAL ASIA, WHILE FOOD INSECURITY IN PARTS OF AFRICA AND THE MIDDLE EAST IS LIKELY TO WORSEN. IN SOME NATIONS, SUCH AS THOSE WITH WEAK SOCIAL SAFETY NETS, FEW JOB POSSIBILITIES, LIMITED FISCAL HEADROOM, AND UNPOPULAR ADMINISTRATIONS, RISING PRICES MAY EXACERBATE SOCIAL TENSIONS. THE WORLD BANK GROUP IS MOVING QUICKLY TO ASSIST THE UKRAINIAN PEOPLE. SINCE RUSSIA'S INVASION OF UKRAINE BEGAN ON FEBRUARY 24, THE BANK GROUP HAS MOBILIZED A $925 MILLION EMERGENCY FUNDING PACKAGE TO ASSIST UKRAINE. THIS QUICK-PAYING ASSISTANCE WILL GO TOWARD PAYING HOSPITAL PERSONNEL WAGES, PENSIONS FOR THE ELDERLY, AND SOCIAL PROGRAMS FOR THE MOST VULNERABLE. THE QUICK FUNDING IS PART OF A $3 BILLION PACKAGE OF ASSISTANCE THAT THE BANK GROUP IS PUTTING TOGETHER FOR UKRAINE IN THE COMING MONTHS. THE INVASION HAS ALREADY RESULTED IN EUROPE'S WORST REFUGEE CRISIS SINCE WORLD WAR II. THE WORLD BANK GROUP IS CONSIDERING HOW TO ASSIST REFUGEES IN THEIR HOST NATIONS.[2] THE CONSEQUENCES OF RUSSIA'S ASSAULT ON UKRAINE HAVE ALREADY SHOOK NOT ONLY THOSE COUNTRIES, BUT THE REGION AND THE WORLD AS A WHOLE, EMPHASIZING THE SIGNIFICANCE OF A GLOBAL SAFETY NET AND REGIONAL AGREEMENTS TO CUSHION ECONOMIES.
10
[1] WORLD BANK GROUP. “RUSSIAN INVASION TO SHRINK UKRAINE ECONOMY BY 45 PERCENT THIS YEAR.” WORLD BANK, WORLD BANK GROUP, 12 APR. 2022, HTTPS://WWW.WORLDBANK.ORG/EN/NEWS/PRESSRELEASE/2022/04/10/RUSSIAN-INVASION-TO-SHRINK-UKRAINE-ECONOMY-BY-45PERCENT-THIS-YEAR. [2] WORLD BANK GROUP. “RUSSIAN INVASION TO SHRINK UKRAINE ECONOMY BY 45 PERCENT THIS YEAR.” WORLD BANK, WORLD BANK GROUP, 12 APR. 2022, HTTPS://WWW.WORLDBANK.ORG/EN/NEWS/PRESSRELEASE/2022/04/10/RUSSIAN-INVASION-TO-SHRINK-UKRAINE-ECONOMYBY-45-PERCENT-THIS-YEAR.
GIRLS’ HUMAN RIGHTS AND THE RUSSO-UKRAINIAN WAR
11
By: Joleen Bakalova USA At the 9032nd Meeting of the UN Security Council, representatives discussed the Russo-Ukrainian War’s impact on children’s education and mental health, urging the international community to take action on these critical priorities. With over 7000 civilian casualties and 14.4 million Ukrainians fleeing their homes, the war has left an indelible mark on the lives of millions. As noted by the Assistant Secretary General of Humanitarian Affairs and Deputy Emergency Relief Coordinator Msuya, women and children are paying the heaviest price in this war. Girls have acutely experienced denial of their human rights throughout this conflict. Since the start of the conflict, girls have been unable to access adequate education due to wartime violence. The representative for UNICEF outlined how most Ukrainian schools, particularly those in the Eastern region, have been closed since February 24. According to the Ukrainian government, as of April 26, 1397 educational facilities have been damaged and 102 have been destroyed by indiscriminate shelling. An average of 22 schools are under attack every day. Undamaged schools have been occupied by military forces. Though millions of children are utilizing at-home learning, the school setting is crucial for adequate knowledge building as well as support programs for impoverished families and children with disabilities. As the representative of the United Arab Emirates highlighted, “there is such [a] thing as a lost generation in youth who will never regain a meaningful opportunity to learn.” Girls also face significant gender-based violence compounded by the current crisis. Gender-based violence has been a major issue in Ukraine even prior to the war. According to a 2019 study supported by the UN Population Fund, “75 percent of women in the country said that they had experienced some form of violence” and “one in three had experienced physical or sexual violence” (“Ukraine steadfast in tackling genderbased violence, despite pandemic-related increases”). The conflict has exponentially worsened these issues. “Crisis and displacement” puts girls at “an increased risk of sexual and physical violence and abuse” (“Ukraine: Conflict compounds the vulnerabilities of women and girls as humanitarian needs spiral”). Rape and other sexual violence have historically been used as a weapon of war during conflicts, and the Russo-Ukrainian War has been the same (McKernan). There have already been dozens of reports of horrific sexual abuse, which some experts have described as “opportunistic or systematic” and sometimes with the goal of “genocide.” Unfortunately, it is difficult for victims and survivors to find justice (Wamsley).
12 With the war’s egregious violations of human rights, girls may suffer subsequent psychological difficulties. As highlighted by the Executive Director Bahous of UN Women, the “trauma” caused by events of the war “risks destroying a generation” (Vlasova). Refugees affected by “war and displacement…are likely to develop depression or stress and anxiety disorders.” As of March 22, “about half of a million of the arriving refugees [in Poland] need support for mental health disorders.” Children are especially “vulnerable to the effects of trauma” due to their “malleable” brains; a 2016 study of Syrian refugee children showed that “[h]alf showed high anxiety” and “almost 80 percent had separation anxiety” (Weiss). The war has far-reaching effects beyond the immediate conflict region, creating rippling crises that are felt intensely in the Global South. These crises put girls of those regions in peril. As Ukraine and Russia are “key exporters” of grains, “supply chain and climate challenges” are compounded for African and Middle Eastern countries, “causing shortages and pushing millions of people into hunger” (Selyukh et al.). In response to human rights violations and their subsequent impacts, the representatives of nations participating in the 9032nd Security Council called for immediate humanitarian action in support of the young boys and girls affected by the conflict. Beyond food and shelter, they called on the international community to help provide specialized aid in the form of gender-based and mental resources. Thankfully, there is strong shared sentiment in the international community to provide humanitarian aid to those affected by the Russo-Ukrainian War, especially girls. Until a diplomatic solution can be reached, the dire need for essential resources must be met. The futures of millions of girls depend on it.
13 Works Cited McKernan, Bethan. “Rape as a weapon: huge scale of sexual violence inflicted in Ukraine emerges.”
The
Guardian,
3
April
2022,
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/apr/03/all-wars-are-like-this-used-as-aweapon-of-war-in-ukraine. Accessed 20 May 2022. Selyukh, Alina, et al. “How Russia's war in Ukraine is changing the world.” NPR, 10 May 2022, https://www.npr.org/2022/05/10/1093066817/ukraine-war-gas-prices-refugees.
Accessed
20 May 2022. “Ukraine: Conflict compounds the vulnerabilities of women and girls as humanitarian needs spiral.” United Nations Population Fund, 11 May 2022, https://www.unfpa.org/ukraine-war. Accessed 19 May 2022. “Ukraine steadfast in tackling gender-based violence, despite pandemic-related increases.” United Nations Population Fund, 13 November 2020, https://www.unfpa.org/news/ukrainesteadfast-tackling-gender-based-violence-despite-pandemic-related-increases.
Accessed
19 May 2022. Vlasova, Anastasia. “Ukraine war: Trauma 'risks destroying a generation', Security Council hears.” UN News, 11 April 2022, https://news.un.org/en/story/2022/04/1116022. Accessed 20 May 2022. Wamsley, Laurel. “War in Ukraine: How rape has reportedly become a weapon.” NPR, 30 April 2022,
https://www.npr.org/2022/04/30/1093339262/ukraine-russia-rape-war-crimes.
Accessed 20 May 2022. Weiss, Sabrina. “For Kids Fleeing Ukraine, Wartime Trauma May Leave Lasting Wounds.” WIRED,
6
April
2022,
https://www.wired.com/story/ukraine-children-refugees-war-
trauma/. Accessed 20 May 2022.
THE LONG IMPACT OF WAR ON WOMEN AND CHILDREN: A CASE STUDY OF RUSSOUKRAINE WAR
14
By: Abigail Oppong Ghana On the 12th of May, I joined the representatives of various countries across the world on the Ukraine’s War Human Right. Almost all the statements from the various countries addressed the issue of the impact of the war on women and children. Women and children are the most vulnerable ones during war. Children have been the innocent victims in so many conflicts. What they see, hear and feel will have long-term consequences for them as they develop into adults. Many organizations are doing what they can to help protect and support children during times of war, but it is hard and, inevitably, many children will suffer. Food, water and disease become issues, all of which hit the most vulnerable the hardest. And even after conflicts end, families are scattered and broken, economies destroyed, and neighborhoods obliterated.
I have seen pictures of mothers in Ukraine writing at the back of their children their information to help people locate the children in case of any tragedy. “The legacy of this war will be a traumatized generation,” wrote Serhii Lukashov, the director of SOS Children’s Villages in Ukraine. It isn’t just loved ones and routines children may be separated from. Many will have to flee their homes at short notice, leaving behind their treasured possessions, such as a specific ‘attachment object’ – usually a favourite blanket or a soft toy. Children often reach for these things when they need to feel safe. But during war, when children are forced to flee and need these objects more than ever, many are left without them.
For many of us from the other part of the world, the challenges and horrors faced by these children and their mothers are terrific, and the natural state of every mother the willingness and eagerness to want to protect our own children at all cost. Taking Syria for example, after years of conflict, according to UNICEF, every child affected by the violence, displacement and family ties was caused by the physical devastation of the war.
15
Children are good at picking up on the anxieties of adults, so if we are anxious or stressed about what is going on in Ukraine, they will know something is wrong. Depression can occur in very young children as they may feel sad at any given point just like adults do. Their sleep patterns and energy levels may change, which may even self-harm to both mother and child. For many Ukrainian children, leaving their homes will also mean being displaced. Displaced children, especially refugees, are more vulnerable to experiencing psychological issues. Displaced children at the end of the day is open all kinds of exploitation. In their native countries, many may have witnessed or experienced violence, torture and the loss of family and friends. It is crucial that children are quickly integrated into the schools and healthcare systems of the countries they have taken refuge in to be able to overcome this challenge. They will need emotional and psychological support from cross-cultural teams who can work in an extended outreach manner with children at schools and families at home. There is a need for a variety of different treatments,
from various sources to come in and
support. REFERENCES .How is the Ukraine war affecting children’s mental health? | Doctor’s Note | Al Jazeera.(n.d.).RetrievedJune8,2022,from https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2022/3/31/how-is-the-ukraine-war-affectingchildrens-mental-health
IMPACT OF HUMANITARIAN CRISES ON YOUNG INDIVIDUALS: A FOCUS ON THE RUSSIA-UKRAINE CONFLICT By: Rehman Hassan USA The recent meeting of the United Nations Security Council highlighted the significant impact of the Russia-Ukraine conflict on young individuals. With thousands of people dying and millions displaced due to war, the Ukraine-Russia conflict has led to many long-lasting effects and will have forever changed people’s lives. Children are especially affected by these conflicts. Children are especially impacted by these conflicts. Today, Ukrainian youth are being killed, attacked, and forced to fight in war sometimes against their will. As a result, many children have forever changed mental health with immense fear of what will happen to them or their families. This psychological burden continues to plague children in Ukraine and in its surrounding areas due to how violent the conflict has become. In fact, many of these children, scared by the realities of war, are at risk of being trafficked and exploited for sexual and physicial favors. Often, predators take advantage of these situations for their own pleasure and gratification. The fear of being exploited only serves to scare children even further. Moreover, Russian generals have targeted vital structures such as pediatric hospitals and schools to further fragment Ukrainian populations. These violations of International Humanitarian Law substantiate the difficulties faced by youth where many are unable to attend school or receive life-saving medical help. During the session, the United Nations representative from UNICEF discussed how many Ukrainian schools have been closed since late February and other officials mentioned how thousands of schools have been damaged or destroyed by the actions of Russian war generals. As a result, youth are unable to get their education and are either forced to enlist in the army or to be side-lined and treated as less than.
16
17
These youth have created a generation of Ukrainian youth without the education they need, something that many will never regain. Thus it is imperative that action is taken to protect the rights of all people in Ukraine, especially the youth who are impacted some of the most.
PROBLEMS OF HUMAN RIGHT AND HOW TO TACKLE THEM AROUND THE WORLD By: Tinayi Zhang China
18
The session of human right all around the word by United Nations left me a deep impression that won’t fade away from my memory. Almost every representative of the meeting emphasized the importance of Russia to end the war against Ukraine, especially for needs of children. Difficulties children faced are as follows. To begin with, conflicts including wars and violence even sexual caused numerous children killed and injured physically and mentally in high degree, forced to leave their home and family. Besides, children in school need help. Some schools were damaged by wars, some are under threat by someone with privilege. As a result, education is needed to improve to change children’s destiny. To sum up, children are vulnerable so that United Nations, international community, teachers should make all efforts to protect them from suffering. Firstly, we should recognize children’s right in terms of education, free expression, mental and physical
health.
Additionally,
investigation
and
research
must
be
conducted
immediately and continually. Besides, UN should not only set up councils but also call on different countries to contribute by paying attention to obligations regardless of border and languages, building bridges between everyone.As a case
， UK and China
are proud to play a leading role in work of human rights and poverty everyday in response to UN’s advice. Additionally
， suffering
from need tackled by all party.
Problems like lack of education is a core part. It is a high time for us to act. Ghana hoped teachers and students can return to routine life with continuous effort by comprehensive institutions and strong will. As children are vulnerable, there are even some refugee children who are forced to be isolated from family and friends. The needs of them is growing while teacher went to Poland with education and psychological help. Children are our future. With help from scale of the world, we hope situation for children can be improved.
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给全世界儿童的问题和建议 联合国关于人权的会议给我留下了深刻的印象，不会从我的记忆中消失。 几乎每一位代表都强调了俄罗斯结束对乌克兰战争的重要性，特别是为了儿童需求的重要 性。 儿童面临的困难如下。首先，包括战争和暴力在内的冲突甚至性暴力，导致许多儿童身心严 重伤亡，被迫离开家园和家人。此外，在校儿童需要帮助。有些学校被战争破坏，有些学校 受到特权人士的威胁。因此，需要改善教育以改变儿童的命运。 总而言之，儿童是脆弱的，因此联合国、国际社会、教师应尽一切努力保护他们免受苦难。 首先，要承认儿童在教育、言论自由、身心健康等方面的权利。此外，必须立即和持续地进 行调查和研究。另外，联合国不仅要成立理事会，还要呼吁不同国家作出贡献，不分国界、 不分语言，在各自人与人之间架起桥梁。例如，英中两国很自豪能够响应联合国的建议，每 天在人权和贫困工作中发挥主导作用。再次，各方都面临着需要的困扰。缺乏教育等问题是 核心部分。现在是我们采取行动的时候了。加纳希望教师和学生能够通过综合机构的不断努 力和坚强的意志，恢复日常生活。 由于儿童是脆弱的，甚至有一些难民儿童被迫与家人和朋友隔离。他们的需求正在增长，而 教师去波兰为儿童在教育和心理上提供帮助。 儿童是我们的未来。在世界规模的帮助下，我们希望儿童的状况能够得到改善。
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MOSES EKWERE Nigeria Moses Ekwere is a youth advocate, human rights activist, and environmentalist. currently He
is
a
final-year
(BBA)
human
resource
management student at West End University College, Accra-Ghana, recently completed an impact
course
on
Business
Ethics
at
the
European Business University of Luxembourg. Moses has worked on a variety of cross-cutting development issues. He is an Ariel Foundation International Young Leader
and
Greenway
Environmental
International
youth-led In 2018, he was the Secretary-General of the National Association of Nigerian Students (NANS)Ghana Chapter, Ghana's largest foreign students' organization and the umbrella organization for all Nigerian students in tertiary institutions across the nation. He worked on gender inequality and human
Ambassador
Foundation
environmental
for
(GIF),
a
protection
organization dedicated to achieving a carbonfree world and a plastic-free ocean. His major goals align with the United Nations' SDG13 Climate Action and SDG17 Partnership to achieve
100%
clean
energy
and
a
90%
reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. He has
rights advocacy, peace diplomacy, and community
been a GIF Youth Ambassador since 2018 and
development outreach, as well as collaborated with
has worked with the research and strategy
professionals and international organizations to
team to develop sensitization trainings on the
achieve set goals. Moses is a game-changer with
impact of plastic use on the ecosystem and life
an uncanny ability to read between the lines and
beneath the water. He has made considerable
make things work.
contributions to over one million tree planting and tracking efforts, as well as strategically supporting the anti-plastic straw movement. The team has curtailed over 1.2 million plastic straws
in
Accra,
Ghana,
by
using
biodegradable, edible bamboo reusable and disposable straws.
21
JASON EAPPEN USA
My name is Jason Eappen. I am the co-founder of an international non-profit as well as a representative of an international human rights advocacy
group.
Throughout
all
of
my
initiatives I am a firm believer that education is a human right. Education is the first step for people to gain the knowledge, critical thinking, empowerment and skills they need to make this world a better place.
My passion stems from educating the youth to help the next-generation. Within my non-profit, we help spread stem education to the youth in rural areas to help them dream about their future. We partner with pilot organizations and the state government in order to target rural communities and expand educational access to thousands of students in rural school districts. My second initiative is mental health. I am one of the core leaders of a state-wide movement known as whisper. All over the world, COVID- 19 puts a massive strain on the mental health of thousands of students. Through organizations like whisper, we help give voices to those in the shut out or have been hurting. Conversations and being vulnerable has helped hundreds even thousands of students hear the message of whisper that opening up about problems we all face is the first step towards a solution of a more open and accepting society. With a podcast in the making, everyone around the world will be given a voice and a safe place to be themselves through whisper. My third initiative is food insecurity. Throughout the world, food deserts are visible throughout. With many kids going without key meals and being deprived of key fruits and vegetables. Seeing this, I helped create an environmentally-safe, nutrient-filled, and sustainable hydroponic gardening system. This system maximizes crop yield by using scientifically formulated nutrients placed into the garden to help not only produce more nutrient rich fruits and vegetables, but helped thousands of families get access to cheap/affordable food. Regardless of which initiative I work on, I always uphold myself to the highest of standards by being genuine and always trying to make a positive impact on the community around me. In my spare time, I enjoy spending time with my family and binge watching marvel movies.
22
YASH TIWARI India/USA
BORN IN A SMALL, RURAL TOWN IN INDIA BY THE NAME OF ALIGARH. I IMMIGRATED TO THE UNITED STATES WITH MY PARENTS WHEN I WAS AROUND THREE. LOTS WERE PUT FORTH WHEN I FIRST MOVED, SUCH AS CULTURAL & LANGUAGE BARRIERS AND STAYING AWAY FROM MY GRANDPARENTS FOR AN EXTENDED PERIOD. OVERCOMING THOSE CHALLENGES TAUGHT ME SOME LIFE-SAVING PRINCIPLES WITH A HANDFUL OF EXPERIENCES THAT I AM FOREVER GRATEFUL FOR AND I ALWAYS CARRY THEM TO STAY HUMBLE AND THINK CLEARLY NO MATTER WHAT COMES MY WAY.
I’m enthusiastic about helping others. I believe that empathic listening is one of the driving forces that has helped me in connecting with others. I have been a writer of my school’s yearbook for two years, publishing over 25+ pages in my time. Having a good social circle, I have covered various important topics to our school over the years, such as sports teams, school events, and even spotlighting members of our school who are making the world a better place. In 2018, I joined iCure Health. A student-led 501(c)3 nonprofit organization. We have helped over 50,000+ people in getting educated about health diseases that can be prevented. Our team now consists of over 15 educated, dedicated and motivated teens from around the world. As well as 15+ student-led chapters in their respective locations ranging from the United States to India. I hope to expand iCure to more areas and help another 60,000 people in the upcoming 2022 year. When I have a second to spare, I love to spend time with my family, go on a run, meet with friends and connect with new people.
23
JOLEEN BAKALOVA USA Joleen Bakalova is a youth activist whose life mission is to incite tangible change for underrepresented communities around the world. Since the age of fourteen, she has been an elected official within the American political system, focusing on the engagement of youth towards promoting systemic change and driving government policy adjacent to the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals. Currently, she serves as the youngest-ever statewide political party leader in California, the largest state in America. She has helped pass legislation in the US Congress taking action in promoting human rights in China and registered thousands of young people to vote in key elections, exciting them to amplify their voices in their country as well as in the world. Outside of promoting civic engagement in her nation, she serves as an intern for UN Women, where she helps develop and advance key campaigns, like Generation Equality and Safe Cities, as well as moderate official events, like the International Day of the Girl. With Columbia University, she has performed cross-cultural research of young people’s view on government surveillance in China and the United States. Joleen also produces her own ethnography research podcast, which promotes a more understanding global society by educating a new generation on regional history and conflict through the lens of family history. With listeners from around the world, she has conducted dozens of interviews with youth from Palestine, Belarus, the Roma community, and more. In 2021, she was honored for her service in promoting a more just and equal society as one of only two delegates, selected amongst over a million students, for the US Senate Youth Program. Outside of advocacy and research, Joleen is a State Honors classical pianist, honors choir singer, and music teacher for local foster youth. While always seeking to improve the world around her, she loves to spend time with friends and family, immerse herself in music, and pet her cat.
24
ABIGAIL OPPONG Ghana "Rather
than
standing
or
Speaking
for
Children, we need to stand with children speaking for themselves. We don’t need a political movement for children [ we need to] build environments and policies for our collective future." Abigail Oppong is a humanitarian young African
lady
impact
life.
who She
passionately is
a
Young
work
to
Speaker,
Mentor, Changemaker, Young Activist and a Social Entrepreneur. Abigail Oppong is the Youth Ambassador for Ariel Foundation International focusing on Africa and making the voices of African Voices heard. Being a changemaker, she is passionate about social impacts project that seeks to empower women, children, and youth. She is part of the Board Members of Women Media and Change working hard to make sure young women’s voices are represented well in the media. Passionate about engaging more women in Technology, she is part of several women in TECH organizations working hard to make sure women are represented well in the STEM Industry. Abigail is skilled in Information Technology, Project Management, Entrepreneurship, Humanitarian, Communication, Design Thinking, Graphic design, leadership, Personal Development, and Public Speaking. She is a recipient of the “Young Leaders Creating a Better World for All award” at the Women Economic Forum, 2019, and the first youngest leader to receive such an international award from the Women Economic Forum.
25
REHMAN HASSAN USA Rehman
founded
an
international
public
health
organization in 2016, iCure Health, when he was in the seventh grade. iCure aims to educate and bring awareness to common diseases such as cancer and heart disease. In addition to bringing awareness, one of iCure’s major missions is to improve access to preventative care measures such as depression screenings, mammograms, fecal immunochemical tests, and colonoscopies. So far, iCure has helped physicians perform over 20,000 tests.
Rehman serves as the CEO and founder of iCure and constantly works to help improve iCure’s reach and impact. In the last seven years, iCure has been fortunate to reach over 45,000 people around the globe from Bayamón, Puerto Rico to Doha, Qatar through its 30+ chapters, including chapters at Yale and the University of Toronto. In his free time, Rehman enjoys being a political advocate for campaigns around the United States. Rehman’s political work has helped him reach over 62,300 people to urge them to exercise their right to vote by making phone calls, sending text messages, and talking to people in his community in person. One of Rehman’s other passions is teaching. In school, Rehman serves as a voluntary laboratory and teacher’s assistant for On-level Biology, Advanced Biology, AP Biology, Advanced Chemistry, and AP Environmental Science courses. Rehman enjoys being able to inspire children in his school and help them understand complex topics that they may have struggled with. Beyond his work to improve education in his school, Rehman works to help struggling students abroad. Rehman is currently working with 150 Afghan and Tajik students currently limited in their educational endeavors by political instability to educate them in science and social studies. Rehman is also working diligently to prepare these students for the GED exam. When he’s not leading iCure or educating his peers domestically and abroad, Rehman absolutely loves reading about new medical innovations, writing short stories, reading the memoirs of famous scientists, and swimming.
26
TINAYI ZHANG, China Tianyi is an undergraduate major in archeology in Capital Normal University. She has a keen interest in history and human rights. She has been doing voluntary works since studying in middle school, such as guiding the old with using cellphones, setting up shelters for stray cats, being an amateur teacher for students from mountainous schools. From January in 2022,
she
participated
in
Ariel
Foundation
International as a volunteer online.
With research of history and archeology, she found that people in China and other countries have long and rich experience of fighting for human rights. Responsibility always wells up in her sensitive heart. She advocates everyone to make contributions in their own ways with passion and efforts. Look, she is helping with some publications’ work for AFI. Let’s give people in trouble a warm hand!
DR. ARIEL ROSITA KING, MPH, MBA, PHD (UK), DTM&H, PHD (FRANCE)
27
AFI Founder and President Dr. Ariella (Ariel) Rosita King (www.drarielking.com) founded The Ariel Foundation International (www.arielfoundation.org) in 2002 as a non-profit organization with an international focus
on
children
and
youth
inspired
leadership
and
participation worldwide. Dr. Ariel King is a Rotarian for over 20 years. She is the Main Representative at the United Nations (Geneva, New York and Vienna ) for AFI, with Special Economic, Cultural and
Social
Council
Special
(ECOSO).
She
has
also
represented other NGOs in Geneva since 2008, the United Nations in Vienna (UNOV) since 2010 and United Nations in New York since 2000. Dr. King is also an NGO Representative at the European Parliament. Dr. King’s life focus is on inspiring leadership and participation of worlds’ children and youth. Ariel Foundation International is a member of EuroChild, Dr. King was a Trustee for Children’s Rights Alliance England (CRAE), Now Just for Law Kids, and the Acid Survivors Trust International (ASTI) United Kingdom. Dr King is also the Founder (2000), and President Ariel Consulting International, Inc., that creates and enhances Public-Private Partnerships in international diplomacy and policy. She has over 35 years of experience in international public policy and international management in government, business and NGOs. As a Professor in International Health, Management, Policy and Environment she has taught at Universities in the USA, Europe and Africa. Dr. King has published on the topics of Kangaroo Newborn Baby Care, International Health Policy and Management, Medical Ethics, Organ Transplantation, National Essential Drugs Policy, HIV/AIDS; Breast Cancer; Violence Against Women; Youth Participation at the United Nations and Children’s Human Rights. _____________________ Dr. King completed a second research degree (PhD) in Sociology on Community Engagement in the Psychosocial Care of Their Traumatised Children – A Case Study of Botswana, Liberia and Morocco at the Unitersité de Franche-Comte, France (December 2018). She also has completed advance certificates in the study of Children’s Human Rights, from the UER Droits de l'enfant/Children's Rights Unit, Institut Universitaire Kurt Bösch (IUKB) in Switzerland. Dr. King holds a Diploma Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (DTM&H); Doctorate (PhD) in Philosophy in Public Health and Policy from the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, University of London; a Master in International Health Management (MIM) from Thunderbird School of Global Management; Master in Public Health (MPH) in international Health from the University of Texas School of Public Health; and a Bachelor of Arts (BA) from the University of Hawaii at Manoa.