AFI Changemakers at the United Nations ECOSOC Youth Summit 2023 by Ariel Foundation International / Ariana-Leilani Children's Foundation

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Editors: Dr. Ariel Rosita King Abigail Oppong Cover Pages Artist: Abigail Oppong

AUTHORS

Ozone Box Project 'โครงการกล่องโอโซน' Parn Anantnakin, Thailand Youth Activism 'yuva sakriyata' Jason Eappen, USA Demographic Dividend in Africa 'Dividende Démographique en Afrique' 'Mme ikpeghe transition demographic ita' Moses Ekwere, Nigeria AI for Language and Development 'Nyansapɔ mu adwene a wɔde yɛ nneɛma ma Kasa ne Nkɔso: Nsɛm a Wɔaka abom' Abigail Oppong, Ghana Sustainable Cities and Development ' ' Kevin Wang, Australia

可持续城市与发展

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction.......................................................................................................1 Concept Note.............................................................................................................2-3 Summary of Presidential Statement..................... .....................................................4 Ozone Box Project.....................................................................................................5-9 Youth Activism......................................................................................................10-18

Demographic Dividend in Africa...............................................................19-25 AI for Language and Development ......................................................................26-31 Sustainable Cities and Communities....................................................................32-36 Biographies...........................................................................................................37-42

INTRODUCTION The Ariel Foundation International ECOSOC United Nations Summit took place on the 6th May 2023. The theme for this years' ECOSOC youth summit was "Accelerating the recovery from the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the full implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development at

levels",

and

the

young

speakers

from

Ariel

Foundation

International gave a sounding talk to topics that are interested in, connected to the Theme. Present at the summit were the President of AFI, Dr. King Ariel, Young leaders of Ariel Foundation International, Friends and families across the globe Read and enjoy.

CONCEPT NOTE The 2023 Annual Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) Youth Forum was held over three days from April 25 to 27, 2023. The forum was guided by the theme of accelerating the recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and the full implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Its purpose was to provide young people with the opportunity to present their assessments, visions, and recommendations to member states ahead of the SDG Summit in September 2023. The forum took place amidst global challenges such as geopolitical tensions, climate crisis, rising poverty, inequalities, and slow recovery from the pandemic. It aimed to enable young people to voice their views, concerns, and take action towards transforming the world into a fairer, greener, and more sustainable place based on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The ECOSOC Youth Forum has become an important platform for young people, government representatives, and stakeholders to contribute to policy discussions and accelerate the implementation of the SDGs. It connected with key UN processes and events in 2023, including the UN High-Level Political Forum on Sustainable Development (HLPF) in July and the SDG Summit in September. The objectives of the 2023 ECOSOC Youth Forum included mobilizing youth to accelerate recovery efforts from COVID-19, providing a platform for young people to engage in dialogue with UN member states, sharing knowledge and lessons learned in achieving youth rights and well-being, presenting ideas and solutions for advancing the SDGs, discussing inputs for the 2023 SDG Summit, and reporting on the progress of the UN Youth Strategy.

The forum focused on several SDGs, including universal access to clean water and hygiene (SDG 6), access to affordable and sustainable

energy

(SDG

7),

resilient

infrastructure

and

industrialization (SDG 9), inclusive and sustainable cities (SDG 11), and revitalizing global partnerships for sustainable development (SDG 17). Regional breakout sessions were organized to discuss post-COVID19 recovery and rebuilding efforts, and preparatory events were held

ensure

broad

participation

regional

youth-led

organizations. The forum featured plenary sessions, ministerial sessions, thematic and regional breakout sessions, and networking receptions, allowing for both in-person and virtual participation. Participants national

included

youth

high-level

institutions,

government

youth

delegates,

representatives, regional

and

multilateral organizations, youth-focused entities, and grassroots youth organizations. The outcomes of the forum were an informal summary of the proceedings, a document capturing key messages and findings, and a presidential statement to be used as inputs for the High-level Political Forum and the SDG Summit. Additionally, major youth networks prepared the "Voices of Youth" document, which served as a call to action from young people on their challenges and expectations for the international community.

ECOSOC PRESIDENTIAL STATEMENT

SUMMARY The 2023 Youth Forum focused on accelerating recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and implementing the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Youth leaders discussed their vision and recommendations for the SDG Summit. They highlighted the importance

partnerships,

meaningful

youth

participation,

inclusive policies, access to basic services, and localization of the SDGs. Youth perspectives from different regions were shared, emphasizing specific priorities. The forum recognized the progress made

through

the

Youth

Strategy

and

supported

the

formalization of the ECOSOC Youth Forum. The outcomes will be conveyed to world leaders at the SDG Summit to strengthen multilateralism and youth engagement in achieving the goals.

OZONE BOX PROJECT By: Parn Anantnakin, Thailand

INTRODUCING THE OZONE PROJECT: THE LATEST PROJECT FROM BUILT TO SAVE GROUP

In today's world, cleanliness and hygiene are paramount. With the ongoing pandemic, it is crucial to ensure that the environment we live in is free from germs, bacteria, and viruses that can cause illnesses. In response to this need, the Built To Save group has taken on the challenge of finding new and innovative ways to combat germs and make the world a safer place. Their latest project, The Ozone Box, produced a simple yet effective product that aims to kill germs more effectively using ozone technology. As part of their mission to make ozone technology accessible to the general public, Built To Save has distributed a number of Ozone Boxes to disadvantaged communities, including slums from Khlong Toei, to help reduce the impact of COVID-19 and improve their quality of life. By providing these communities with an effective and affordable method of disinfection, Built To Save is helping to protect vulnerable populations and reduce the spread of infectious diseases. The project and group founded by Parn Anantnakin is committed to ensuring that everyone, regardless of their socio-economic status, has access to the latest and most effective cleaning technologies.

Ozone is a colourless gas that is made up of three oxygen molecules. It has long been used as a disinfectant in large factories and commercial spaces. However, it is not as well-known to the general public. The Built To Save group is working to change that by introducing ozone technology as a method of killing germs that is both effective and safe for use by the public. Ozone is a highly reactive molecule that can break down the cell walls of microorganisms and destroy their DNA, rendering them inactive. When ozone gas comes into contact with a microorganism, the extra oxygen molecule is released, which oxidises the outer membrane of the microorganism, causing it to break down. The ozone then reacts with the inner contents of the microorganism, breaking down its cell walls and destroying the microorganism. Furthermore, since ozone is a natural disinfectant that does not leave behind any harmful chemicals or residues, it is suitable for areas where chemical disinfectants are not suitable, such as in homes with children or pets. Additionally, ozone technology is effective at killing germs, bacteria, and viruses, making it an ideal choice for those concerned about the spread of infectious diseases. Another advantage of ozone technology is its ability to penetrate hard-to-reach areas. Unlike traditional cleaning methods, such as wiping down surfaces with disinfectant or UV-C lights, ozone gas can penetrate small crevices and cracks, ensuring that every surface is thoroughly disinfected. It may seem concerning that The Ozone Box generates an ozone concentration of 0.50.8ppm even though the recommended limit for constant exposure to ozone over an 8hour period is 0.1ppm. However, since The Ozone Box only operates for less than 5 minutes during the cleaning process and therefore is still safe for the user. Furthermore, the Built To Save group designed this device to be user-friendly and easy to operate, ensuring that it is accessible to everyone. The aim of the Built To Save is to create products that are effective, affordable, and easy to use. The Ozone Box is no exception. The device will be priced at a very low cost around 200 THB or just under 6 USD, making it accessible to a wide range of customers. Regardless of its price however, the box still stands as a high quality product. Additionally, the device is small and lightweight, making it easy to store and transport, enabling its use in a variety of settings.

The Ozone Box is made of a plastic box with a lid, lead, and copper wires, a step-up transformer, a plastic switch, an ozone generator, and a lithium-ion battery. The device is designed to be portable and easy to use, making it ideal for a variety of applications. The ozone generator in The Ozone Box produces ozone gas, which is then circulated through the area to be disinfected using a fan. The device is mostly designed to disinfect handheld items such as phones and keys but can also be used to clean headphones, ipads, and even laptops. In conclusion, the Built To Save Group's latest project, The Ozone Box, is a safe, effective, and affordable method of killing germs. It utilises ozone technology, which is a natural disinfectant that is effective against a wide range of pathogens. Through its use of ozone technology, The Ozone Box is an ideal choice for those concerned about the spread of infectious diseases and the use of harmful chemicals in their cleaning routine. With The Ozone Box, the Built To Save Group is making it possible for everyone to enjoy a clean, germ-free environment.

ข อ แ น ะ นำ T H E O Z O N E B O X โ ค ร ง ก า ร ใ ห ม่ ล่ า สุ ด จ า ก ก ลุ่ ม B U I L T T O S A V E โ ด ย ป า ร ย์ อ นั น ต์ น า คิ น ท ร์

ในโลกปัจจุบัน ความสะอาดและสุขอนามัยเป็นสิ่งสำคัญยิ่ง จากการแพร่ระบาดอย่างต่อเนื่ อง สิ่งสำคัญ คือต้องแน่ใจว่าสภาพแวดล้อมที่เราอาศัยอยู่ปราศจากเชื้ อโรค แบคทีเรีย และไวรัสที่อาจก่อให้เกิดอาการ เจ็บป่วยได้ เพื่ อตอบสนองต่อความต้องการนี้ กลุ่ม Built To Save ได้ดำเนินการตามความท้าทายใน การหาวิธีใหม่ๆ ในการต่อสู้กับเชื้ อโรคและทำให้โลกเป็นสถานที่ที่ปลอดภัยยิ่งขึ้น โครงการล่าสุดของพวก เขาคือ The Ozone Box ซึ่งผลิตผลิตภัณฑ์ที่เรียบง่ายแต่มีประสิทธิภาพ โดยมีจุดมุ่งหมายเพื่ อฆ่าเชื้ อ โรคอย่างมีประสิทธิภาพมากขึ้นโดยใช้เทคโนโลยีโอโซน ส่วนหนึ่งของพันธกิจในการทำให้เทคโนโลยีโอโซนเข้าถึงได้สำหรับประชาชนทั่วไป บริษัท Built To Save ได้ แจกจ่ายกล่องโอโซนจำนวนมากให้กับชุมชนที่ด้อยโอกาส รวมถึงชุมชนแออัดจากคลองเตย เพื่ อช่วยลดผลก ระทบของ COVID-19 และพัฒนาคุณภาพชีวิตของพวกเขา . ด้วยการจัดเตรียมวิธีการฆ่าเชื้ อที่มีประสิทธิภาพ และราคาไม่แพงให้กับชุมชนเหล่านี้ Built To Save จึงช่วยปกป้องประชากรที่อ่อนแอและลดการแพร่กระจาย ของโรคติดเชื้ อ โครงการและกลุ่มที่ก่อตั้งโดย ปารย์ อนันตนาคินทร์ มุ่งมั่นที่จะสร้างหลักประกันว่าทุกคนไม่ ว่าจะมีสถานะทางเศรษฐกิจและสังคมใด สามารถเข้าถึงเทคโนโลยีการทำความสะอาดล่าสุดและมีประสิทธิภาพ สูงสุด โอโซนเป็นก๊าซไม่มีสีซึ่งประกอบด้วยโมเลกุลออกซิเจนสามโมเลกุล

มีการใช้เป็นสารฆ่าเชื้ อในโรงงานขนาด

ใหญ่และพื้ นที่เชิงพาณิชย์มานานแล้ว แต่ไม่เป็นที่รู้จักของคนทั่วไป กลุ่ม Built To Save กำลังทำงานเพื่ อ เปลี่ยนแปลงสิ่งนี้โดยแนะนำเทคโนโลยีโอโซนเป็นวิธีการฆ่าเชื้ อโรคที่มีประสิทธิภาพและปลอดภัยสำหรับ สาธารณะ โอโซนเป็นโมเลกุลที่มีปฏิกิริยาสูงซึ่งสามารถทำลายผนังเซลล์ของจุลินทรีย์และทำลาย DNA ของ พวกมัน ทำให้พวกมันไม่ทำงาน เมื่ อก๊าซโอโซนสัมผัสกับจุลินทรีย์ โมเลกุลออกซิเจนส่วนเกินจะถูกปล่อยออก มา ซึ่งออกซิไดซ์เยื่ อหุ้มชั้นนอกของจุลินทรีย์ ทำให้มันแตกตัว จากนั้นโอโซนจะทำปฏิกิริยากับสิ่งที่อยู่ภายใน ของจุลินทรีย์ ทำลายผนังเซลล์และทำลายจุลินทรีย์ นอกจากนี้ เนื่ องจากโอโซนเป็นสารฆ่าเชื้ อตามธรรมชาติที่ ไม่ทิ้งสารเคมีอันตรายหรือสารตกค้างใดๆ ไว้ จึงเหมาะสำหรับพื้ นที่ที่สารเคมีฆ่าเชื้ อไม่เหมาะสม เช่น ในบ้านที่ มีเด็กหรือสัตว์เลี้ยง นอกจากนี้ เทคโนโลยีโอโซนยังมีประสิทธิภาพในการฆ่าเชื้ อโรค แบคทีเรีย และไวรัส ทำให้ เป็นตัวเลือกที่เหมาะสำหรับผู้ที่กังวลเกี่ยวกับการแพร่กระจายของโรคติดเชื้ อ ข้อดีอีกประการของเทคโนโลยีโอโซนคือความสามารถในการแทรกซึมเข้าไปในบริเวณที่ยากต่อการเข้าถึง ซึ่ง แตกต่างจากวิธีการทำความสะอาดแบบดั้งเดิม

เช่น

การเช็ดพื้ นผิวด้วยน้ำยาฆ่าเชื้ อหรือแสง

โอโซนสามารถแทรกซึมเข้าไปในรอยแยกและรอยแยกขนาดเล็ก อย่างทั่วถึง

UV-C

ก๊าซ

ทำให้มั่นใจได้ว่าทุกพื้ นผิวจะได้รับการฆ่าเชื้ อ

อาจฟังดูน่ากังวลว่า The Ozone Box สร้างความเข้มข้นของโอโซนที่ 0.5-0.8ppm แม้ว่าขีดจำกัดที่ แนะนำสำหรับการสัมผัสกับโอโซนอย่างต่อเนื่ องในช่วง 8 ชั่วโมงคือ 0.1ppm อย่างไรก็ตาม เนื่ องจาก The Ozone Box ทำงานเพียงไม่ถึง 5 นาทีเท่านั้นในระหว่างกระบวนการทำความสะอาด ดังนั้น จึง ยังคงปลอดภัยต่อผู้ใช้ นอกจากนี้ กลุ่ม Built To Save ยังออกแบบอุ ปกรณ์นี้ให้ใช้งานง่ายและใช้ งานง่าย เพื่ อให้มั่นใจว่าทุกคนสามารถเข้าถึงได้ จุดมุ่งหมายของ Built To Save คือการสร้างผลิตภัณฑ์ที่มีประสิทธิภาพ ราคาไม่แพง และใช้งานง่าย กล่องโอโซนก็ไม่มีข้อยกเว้น อุ ปกรณ์ดังกล่าวจะมีราคาต่ำมากประมาณ 500 บาทหรือต่ำกว่า 15 เหรียญ สหรัฐ

ทำให้เข้าถึงลูกค้าได้หลากหลาย

โดยไม่คำนึงถึงราคาอย่างไรก็ตามกล่องยังคงเป็นผลิตภัณฑ์

คุณภาพสูง นอกจากนี้ อุ ปกรณ์ยังมีขนาดเล็กและน้ำหนักเบา ทำให้จัดเก็บและขนส่งได้ง่าย ทำให้สามารถ ใช้งานได้ในการตั้งค่าที่หลากหลาย

Ozone Box ทำจากกล่องพลาสติกที่มีฝาปิด ลวดตะกั่วและทองแดง หม้อแปลงแบบ step-up สวิตช์ พลาสติก

เครื่องกำเนิดโอโซน

และแบตเตอรี่ลิเธียมไอออน

อุ ปกรณ์ได้รับการออกแบบให้พกพา

สะดวกและใช้งานง่าย เหมาะสำหรับการใช้งานที่หลากหลาย เครื่องกำเนิดโอโซนในกล่อง The Ozone Box จะผลิตก๊าซโอโซนซึ่งจะถูกหมุนเวียนไปทั่วบริเวณเพื่ อทำการฆ่าเชื้ อด้วยพัดลม อุ ปกรณ์ส่วนใหญ่ ออกแบบมาเพื่ อฆ่าเชื้ ออุ ปกรณ์พกพา เช่น โทรศัพท์และกุญแจ แต่ยังสามารถใช้ทำความสะอาดหูฟัง ไอแพด และแม้แต่แล็ปท็อปได้ด้วย โดยสรุปแล้วโครงการ The Ozone Box ล่าสุดของกลุ่ม Built To Save เป็นวิธีการฆ่าเชื้ อโรคที่ ปลอดภัย

ได้ผล

และราคาย่อมเยา

ใช้เทคโนโลยีโอโซน

ซึ่งเป็นสารฆ่าเชื้ อตามธรรมชาติที่มี

ประสิทธิภาพในการต่อต้านเชื้ อโรคหลากหลายชนิด ด้วยการใช้เทคโนโลยีโอโซน The Ozone Box จึง เป็นตัวเลือกที่เหมาะสำหรับผู้ที่กังวลเกี่ยวกับการแพร่กระจายของโรคติดเชื้ อและการใช้สารเคมี อันตรายในการทำความสะอาด ด้วย The Ozone Box กลุ่ม Built To Save ช่วยให้ทุกคนเพลิดเพลิน ไปกับสภาพแวดล้อมที่สะอาดปราศจากเชื้ อโรค

YOUTH ACTIVISM

By: Jason Eappen, USA Youth activism has emerged as a powerful force for positive change in societies around the world. As young individuals find their voices and take action on issues they are passionate about, they not only create awareness but also bring about tangible transformations in their communities. This essay explores the myriad benefits of youth activism, highlighting its capacity to foster social progress, empower young people, promote intergenerational collaboration, and shape a more inclusive and sustainable future. Amplifying Voices and Driving Social Progress: One of the most significant benefits of youth activism is its ability to amplify marginalized voices and bring attention to critical social issues. Young activists have been instrumental in raising awareness about a range of pressing challenges, including climate change, racial inequality, gender discrimination, mental health, and gun violence. By utilizing social media platforms, organizing protests, and engaging in public discourse, youth activists attract attention and generate conversations that often lead to policy changes and societal shifts. Moreover, youth activism has the power to challenge long-standing norms and beliefs, pushing for progressive social change. The Civil Rights Movement in the United States and the student-led protests during the Vietnam War era serve as inspiring examples of how young activists have influenced historical turning points. By speaking out against injustice and advocating for equality, young people become catalysts for transformation, challenging societal structures and prompting positive reform.

Empowering Young Individuals: Youth activism empowers young individuals by instilling in them a sense of agency, self-confidence, and resilience. Through their involvement in activism, young people learn valuable skills such as public speaking, critical thinking, problem-solving, and leadership. These skills not only benefit their activism efforts but also equip them for success in various aspects of their lives. Engaging in activism allows young people to realize their potential as agents of change and active contributors to their communities. They develop a sense of civic responsibility and become more conscious of the world around them, fostering empathy and compassion. This empowerment has a lasting impact, as young activists grow into adults who continue to actively participate in shaping society. Fostering Intergenerational Collaboration: Youth activism bridges the gap between generations and promotes intergenerational collaboration. By engaging with older generations and working together towards a common goal, young activists create opportunities enhances

for

dialogue,

understanding,

and

cooperation.

This

and

experiences,

creating

the

exchange

knowledge

comprehensive

approach

problem-solving.

Furthermore,

collaboration a

intergenerational

collaboration strengthens social movements and their impact. Youth activists bring fresh perspectives, innovative ideas, and a willingness to challenge the status quo, while older generations offer wisdom, guidance, and institutional knowledge. Together, they can create a powerful force that drives sustainable change.

Shaping an Inclusive and Sustainable Future: Youth activists have been at the forefront of advocating for a more inclusive and sustainable future. They recognize the interconnectedness of social, economic, and environmental issues and strive for comprehensive

solutions.

actively

engaging

environmental

conservation,

promoting diversity and inclusion, and advocating for social justice, young activists contribute to building a more equitable and sustainable world. Additionally, youth activism inspires other young people to get involved and make a difference. When they witness their peers taking action, it ignites a sense of possibility and encourages them to use their own voices to create change. This ripple effect expands the reach and impact of youth activism, multiplying its benefits.

Conclusion: The benefits of youth activism are far-reaching and profound. Through their passionate advocacy, young activists amplify voices, drive social progress, and empower themselves and others. By fostering intergenerational collaboration, they tap into the collective wisdom of diverse perspectives.

YUVA SAKRIYATA

By: Jason yuva sakriyata duniya bhar ke samaajon mein sakaaraatmak badalaav ke lie ek shaktishaalee shakti ke roop mein ubharee hai. jaise-jaise yuva vyakti apanee aavaaz dhoondhate hain aur un muddon par kaarravaee karate hain jinake baare mein ve bhaavuk hote hain, ve na keval jaagarookata paida karate hain balki apane samudaayon mein thos parivartan bhee laate hain. yah nibandh yuva sakriyata ke asankhy laabhon kee padataal karata hai, saamaajik pragati ko badhaava dene, yuva logon ko sashakt banaane, antar-peedheegat sahayog ko badhaava dene aur adhik samaaveshee aur tikaoo bhavishy ko aakaar dene kee kshamata par prakaash daalata hai. aavaazon ko badhaana aur saamaajik pragati ko badhaava dena: yuva sakriyata ke sabase mahatvapoorn laabhon mein se ek haashiye par padee aavaazon ko badhaane aur mahatvapoorn saamaajik muddon par dhyaan dene kee kshamata hai. yuva kaaryakarta jalavaayu parivartan, nasleey asamaanata, laingik bhedabhaav, maanasik svaasthy aur bandook hinsa sahit kaee dabaav vaalee chunautiyon ke baare mein jaagarookata badhaane mein sahaayak rahe hain. soshal meediya pletaphorm ka upayog karake, virodh pradarshan aayojit karake, aur saarvajanik pravachan mein shaamil hokar, yuva kaaryakarta dhyaan aakarshit karate hain aur vaartaalaap utpann karate hain jo aksar neetigat parivartan aur saamaajik badalaav ka kaaran banate hain. isake alaava, yuva sakriyata mein lambe samay se chale aa rahe maanadandon aur vishvaason ko chunautee dene kee shakti hai, jo pragatisheel saamaajik parivartan par jor de rahee hai. sanyukt raajy amerika mein naagarik adhikaar aandolan aur viyatanaam yuddh ke dauraan chhaatr-netrtv vaale virodh pradarshan is baat ke prerak udaaharan hain ki kaise yuva kaaryakartaon ne aitihaasik mod ko prabhaavit kiya hai. anyaay ke khilaaph bolane aur samaanata kee vakaalat karane se, yuva parivartan ke lie utprerak ban jaate hain, saamaajik sanrachanaon ko chunautee dete hain aur sakaaraatmak sudhaar ko prerit karate hain.

yuva vyaktiyon ko sashakt banaana: yuva sakriyata yuva vyaktiyon mein ejensee, aatmavishvaas aur lacheelaapan kee bhaavana paida karake unhen sashakt banaatee hai. sakriyata mein unakee bhaageedaaree ke maadhyam se, yuva saarvajanik bolane, mahatvapoorn soch, samasya ko sulajhaane aur netrtv jaise moolyavaan kaushal seekhate hain. ye kaushal na keval unake sakriyata prayaason ko laabhaanvit karate hain balki unhen apane jeevan ke vibhinn pahaluon mein saphalata ke lie taiyaar karate hain. sakriyata mein sanlagn hone se yuva logon ko parivartan ke ejent aur unake samudaayon mein sakriy yogadaanakartaon ke roop mein apanee kshamata ka ehasaas karane kee anumati milatee hai. ve naagarik jimmedaaree kee bhaavana vikasit karate hain aur sahaanubhooti aur karuna ko badhaava dete hue apane aasapaas kee duniya ke prati adhik jaagarook ho jaate hain. is sashaktikaran ka sthaayee prabhaav padata hai, kyonki yuva kaaryakarta vayaskon mein vikasit hote hain jo samaaj ko aakaar dene mein sakriy roop se bhaag lena jaaree rakhate hain. antarapeedheegat sahayog ko badhaava dena. yuva sakriyata peedhiyon ke beech kee khaee ko paatatee hai aur antar-peedheegat sahayog ko badhaava detee hai. puraanee peedhiyon ke saath judakar aur ek samaan lakshy ke lie ek saath kaam karake, yuva kaaryakarta sanvaad, samajh aur sahayog ke avasar paida karate hain. yah sahayog gyaan aur anubhavon ke aadaan-pradaan ko badhaata hai, jisase samasya-samaadhaan ke lie adhik vyaapak drshtikon taiyaar hota hai. isake alaava, antar-peedheegat sahayog saamaajik aandolanon aur unake prabhaav ko majaboot karata hai. yuva kaaryakarta nae drshtikon, naveen vichaar aur yathaasthiti ko chunautee dene kee ichchha laate hain, jabaki puraanee peedhiyaan gyaan, maargadarshan aur sansthaagat gyaan pradaan karatee hain. saath mein, ve ek shaktishaalee bal bana sakate hain jo sthaayee parivartan ko sanchaalit karata hai.

ek samaaveshee aur satat bhavishy ko aakaar dena: yuva kaaryakarta adhik samaaveshee aur tikaoo bhavishy kee vakaalat karane mein sabase aage rahe hain. ve saamaajik, aarthik aur paryaavaraneey muddon kee paraspar sambaddhata ko pahachaanate hain aur vyaapak samaadhaan ke lie prayaas karate hain. paryaavaran sanrakshan mein sakriy roop se shaamil hokar, vividhata aur samaavesh ko badhaava dekar, aur saamaajik nyaay kee vakaalat karake, yuva kaaryakarta adhik nyaayasangat aur tikaoo duniya ke nirmaan mein yogadaan karate hain. isake atirikt, yuva sakriyata any yuvaon ko shaamil hone aur phark karane ke lie prerit karatee hai. jab ve apane saathiyon ko kaarravaee karate hue dekhate hain, to yah sambhaavana kee bhaavana ko prajvalit karata hai aur unhen parivartan laane ke lie apanee aavaaj ka upayog karane ke lie protsaahit karata hai. yah tarang prabhaav yuva sakriyata kee pahunch aur prabhaav ko badhaata hai, isake laabhon ko badhaata hai. nishkarsh: yuva sakriyata ke laabh dooragaamee aur gahan hain. apanee bhaavuk himaayat ke maadhyam se, yuva kaaryakarta aavaaz uthaate hain, saamaajik pragati ko aage badhaate hain, aur khud ko aur doosaron ko sashakt banaate hain. antar-peedheegat sahayog ko badhaava dekar, ve vividh drshtikonon ke saamoohik gyaan ka dohan karate hain. antat: yuva sakriyata isamen mahatvapoorn bhoomika nibhaatee hai

युवा सक्रियता दुनिया भर के समाजों में सकारात्मक बदलाव के लिए एक शक्तिशाली शक्ति के रूप में उभरी है। जैसे-जैसे युवा व्यक्ति अपनी आवाज़ ढूं ढते हैं और उन मुद्दों पर कार्रवाई करते हैं जिनके बारे में वे भावुक होते हैं, वे न के वल जागरूकता पैदा करते हैं बल्कि अपने समुदायों में ठोस परिवर्तन भी लाते हैं। यह निबंध युवा सक्रियता के असंख्य लाभों की पड़ताल करता है, सामाजिक प्रगति को बढ़ावा दे ने, युवा लोगों को सशक्त बनाने, अंतर-पीढ़ीगत सहयोग को बढ़ावा दे ने और अधिक समावेशी और टिकाऊ भविष्य को आकार दे ने की क्षमता पर प्रकाश डालता है। आवाज़ों को बढ़ाना और सामाजिक प्रगति को बढ़ावा दे ना: युवा सक्रियता के सबसे महत्वपूर्ण लाभों में से एक हाशिये पर पड़ी आवाज़ों को बढ़ाने और महत्वपूर्ण सामाजिक मुद्दों पर ध्यान दे ने की क्षमता है। युवा कार्यकर्ता जलवायु परिवर्तन, नस्लीय असमानता, लैंगिक भेदभाव, मानसिक स्वास्थ्य और बंदूक हिंसा सहित कई दबाव वाली चुनौतियों के बारे में जागरूकता बढ़ाने में सहायक रहे हैं। सोशल मीडिया प्लेटफॉर्म का उपयोग करके , विरोध प्रदर्शन आयोजित करके , और सार्वजनिक प्रवचन में शामिल होकर, युवा कार्यकर्ता ध्यान आकर्षित करते हैं और वार्तालाप उत्पन्न करते हैं जो अक्सर नीतिगत परिवर्तन और सामाजिक बदलाव का कारण बनते हैं इसके अलावा, युवा सक्रियता में लंबे समय से चले आ रहे मानदं डों और विश्वासों को चुनौती दे ने की शक्ति है, जो प्रगतिशील सामाजिक परिवर्तन पर जोर दे रही है। संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका में नागरिक अधिकार आंदोलन और वियतनाम युद्ध के दौरान छात्र-नेतृत्व वाले विरोध प्रदर्शन इस बात के प्रेरक उदाहरण हैं कि कै से युवा कार्यकर्ताओं ने ऐतिहासिक मोड़ को प्रभावित किया है। अन्याय के खिलाफ बोलने और समानता की वकालत करने से, युवा परिवर्तन के लिए उत्प्रेरक बन जाते हैं, सामाजिक संरचनाओं को चुनौती दे ते हैं और सकारात्मक सुधार को प्रेरित करते हैं युवा व्यक्तियों को सशक्त बनाना: युवा सक्रियता युवा व्यक्तियों में एजेंसी, आत्मविश्वास और लचीलापन की भावना पैदा करके उन्हें सशक्त बनाती है। सक्रियता में उनकी भागीदारी के माध्यम से, युवा सार्वजनिक बोलने, महत्वपूर्ण सोच, समस्या को सुलझाने और नेतृत्व जैसे मूल्यवान कौशल सीखते हैं। ये कौशल न के वल उनके सक्रियता प्रयासों को लाभान्वित करते हैं बल्कि उन्हें अपने जीवन के विभिन्न पहलुओं में सफलता के लिए तैयार करते हैं। सक्रियता में संलग्न होने से युवा लोगों को परिवर्तन के एजेंट और उनके समुदायों में सक्रिय योगदानकर्ताओं के रूप में अपनी क्षमता का एहसास करने की अनुमति मिलती है। वे नागरिक जिम्मेदारी की भावना विकसित करते हैं और सहानुभूति और करुणा को बढ़ावा दे ते हुए अपने आसपास की दुनिया के प्रति अधिक जागरूक हो जाते हैं। इस सशक्तिकरण का स्थायी प्रभाव पड़ता है, क्योंकि युवा कार्यकर्ता वयस्कों में विकसित होते हैं जो समाज को आकार दे ने में सक्रिय रूप से भाग लेना जारी रखते हैं। अंतरपीढ़ीगत सहयोग को बढ़ावा दे ना। युवा सक्रियता पीढ़ियों के बीच की खाई को पाटती है और अंतर-पीढ़ीगत सहयोग को बढ़ावा दे ती है। पुरानी पीढ़ियों के साथ जुड़कर और एक समान लक्ष्य के लिए एक साथ काम करके , युवा कार्यकर्ता संवाद, समझ और सहयोग के अवसर पैदा करते हैं। यह सहयोग ज्ञान और अनुभवों के आदान-प्रदान को बढ़ाता है, जिससे समस्या-समाधान के लिए अधिक व्यापक दृष्टिकोण तैयार होता है। इसके अलावा, अंतर-पीढ़ीगत सहयोग सामाजिक आंदोलनों और उनके प्रभाव को मजबूत करता है। युवा कार्यकर्ता नए दृष्टिकोण, नवीन विचार और यथास्थिति को चुनौती दे ने की इच्छा लाते हैं, जबकि पुरानी पीढ़ियां ज्ञान, मार्गदर्शन और संस्थागत ज्ञान प्रदान करती हैं। साथ में, वे एक शक्तिशाली बल बना सकते हैं जो स्थायी परिवर्तन को संचालित करता है

एक समावेशी और सतत भविष्य को आकार दे ना: युवा कार्यकर्ता अधिक समावेशी और टिकाऊ भविष्य की वकालत करने में सबसे आगे रहे हैं। वे सामाजिक, आर्थिक और पर्यावरणीय मुद्दों की परस्पर संबद्धता को पहचानते हैं और व्यापक समाधान के लिए प्रयास करते हैं। पर्यावरण संरक्षण में सक्रिय रूप से शामिल होकर, विविधता और समावेश को बढ़ावा दे कर, और सामाजिक न्याय की वकालत करके , युवा कार्यकर्ता अधिक न्यायसंगत और टिकाऊ दुनिया के निर्माण में योगदान करते हैं। इसके अतिरिक्त, युवा सक्रियता अन्य युवाओं को शामिल होने और फर्क करने के लिए प्रेरित करती है। जब वे अपने साथियों को कार्रवाई करते हुए दे खते हैं, तो यह संभावना की भावना को प्रज्वलित करता है और उन्हें परिवर्तन लाने के लिए अपनी आवाज का उपयोग करने के लिए प्रोत्साहित करता है। यह तरंग प्रभाव युवा सक्रियता की पहुंच और प्रभाव को बढ़ाता है, इसके लाभों को बढ़ाता है। निष्कर्ष: युवा सक्रियता के लाभ दूरगामी और गहन हैं। अपनी भावुक हिमायत के माध्यम से, युवा कार्यकर्ता आवाज़ उठाते हैं, सामाजिक प्रगति को आगे बढ़ाते हैं, और खुद को और दूसरों को सशक्त बनाते हैं। अंतर-पीढ़ीगत सहयोग को बढ़ावा दे कर, वे विविध दृष्टिकोणों के सामूहिक ज्ञान का दोहन करते हैं। अंतत: युवा सक्रियता इसमें महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाती है

DEMOGRAPHIC DIVIDEND IN AFRICA

By: Moses Ekwere Nigeria "ACCELERATING THE RECOVERY FROM THE CORONAVIRUS DISEASE (COVID-19) AND THE FULL IMPLEMENTATION OF THE 2030 AGENDA FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AT LEVELS"

Understanding Demographic Dividend Demographic dividend is the positive economic growth that can result from changes in a country’s age structure, particularly when there is a larger working-age population relative to dependents. The COVID-19 pandemic has brought unprecedented challenges to the world, with Africa being one of the most affected regions. However, as we navigate the road to recovery, it is crucial to recognize the potential of the demographic dividend as a catalyst for sustainable development. According to the United Nations, Africa has the largest youth population in the world, with over 60% of its population under the age of 25. This presents a unique opportunity for the continent to harness the potential of its young people and realize the demographic dividend. Phases of demographic transition and its relevance The three phases of demographic transition are the pre-transition phase, the transition phase, and the post-transition phase. During the pre-transition phase, both birth and death rates are high. During the transition phase, death rates decline due to improved health care, while birth rates remain high, leading to a youthful population. In the post-transition phase, both birth and death rates are low, leading to an aging population. West Africa is currently in the second phase of the demographic transition, which is characterized by a decline in mortality rates while fertility rates remain high. This interprets to a rapid population growth in the region. The transition from the second to the third stage of demographic transition in West Africa will require sustained investments in healthcare, education, and economic development to promote smaller family sizes and sustainable development.

The youthful population In Africa presents an opportunity for economic growth through increased productivity, entrepreneurship, and investment in human capital. According to the United Nations, Africa’s population is projected to double by 2050, reaching 2.5 billion, with over 60% of the population under the age of 25. West Africa is a prime example of a region with significant potential for a demographic dividend. Countries in the region, such as Nigeria, Ghana, and Senegal, have experienced a steady decline in fertility rates over the past few decades, leading to a shift in the age structure of the population. This shift presents an opportunity for the region to invest in its youth, particularly in education, health, and employment, to enable them to become productive members of society and contribute to the economic growth of their countries. The potential benefits of demographic dividend are illustrated by the experiences of countries like China, India, and South Korea, which have experienced significant economic growth and development by leveraging demographic dividend. Community development Projects Community service projects

can play a crucial role in achieving sustainable

development goals by addressing specific challenges faced by communities and empowering individuals to contribute to their communities’ development. In 2021, we put up a team together and founded an initiative known as “100x SMARTER” Which aims to provide basic school materials to primary school students who lack access to these materials. The project aims to Improve access to education and reduce barriers to learning faced by disadvantaged students. Most areas within the south south region of Nigeria, FCT, South East Region of Nigeria and Accra – Ghana has benefited from the project. The project has faced challenges such as inadequate funding, lack of resources, and limited

community

participation,

but

has

overcome

most

challenges

through

partnerships with local organizations, community engagement, and creative solutions. 100x SMARTER has been successful in improving access to education and reducing the dropout rate among primary school students in the region

Conclusion and Recommendations Realizing the demographic dividend in West Africa requires concerted efforts from governments, civil society organizations, and the private sector. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for investment in health infrastructure and social protection systems, particularly for vulnerable groups such as women and children. Furthermore, efforts to improve the quality of education and skills development programs, particularly in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM), can equip young people with the skills needed for the modern economy. Community service projects/initiatives can play a crucial role in achieving sustainable development goals by addressing specific challenges faced by communities and empowering individuals to contribute to their communities’ development. To replicate the success of 100x SMARTER initiative, there is a need for partnerships with local organizations,

community

engagement,

and

creative

solutions

overcome

challenges. The youth have a crucial role to play in leveraging demographic dividend and achieving sustainable development goals in Africa.

References: African Union Commission. (2017). Harnessing the Demographic Dividend through Investments

Youth.

Retrieved

from

https://au.int/sites/default/files/documents/34385-docharnessing_the_demographic_dividend_through_investments_in_youth_e_web.pdf United Nations. (2017). World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision. Retrieved from https://population.un.org/wpp/Publications/Files/WPP2017_KeyFindings.pdf United Nations Economic Commission for Africa. (2019). Demographic Dividend in West Africa:

Regional

Overview.

Retrieved

from

https://www.uneca.org/sites/default/files/PublicationFiles/dd-west-africaoverview_en.pdf United Nations Population Fund. (2014). The Power of 1.8 Billion: Adolescents, Youth and

the

Transformation

the

Future.

Retrieved

from

https://www.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/EN-SWOP14-Report_FINAL-web.pdf

DIVIDENDE DÉMOGRAPHIQUE EN AFRIQUE «ACCÉLÉRER LA RÉCUPÉRATION DE LA MALADIE DU CORONAVIRUS (COVID-19) ET LA MISE EN ŒUVRE COMPLÈTE DE L'AGENDA 2030 POUR LE DÉVELOPPEMENT DURABLE À DES NIVEAUX»

PAR MOSES EKWERE.

Comprendre les Dividendes Démographiques. Le dividende démographique est la croissance économique positive qui peut résulter des changements dans la structure de l'âge d'un pays, en particulier lorsqu'il existe une population de travail plus importante par rapport aux personnes à charge. La pandémie Covid-19 a apporté des défis sans précédent au monde, l'Afrique étant l'une des régions les plus touchées. Cependant, alors que nous naviguons sur la voie de la reprise, il est crucial de reconnaître le potentiel du dividende démographique en tant que catalyseur de développement durable. Selon les Nations Unies, l'Afrique possède la plus grande population de jeunes au monde, avec plus de 60% de sa population de moins de 25 ans. Cela présente une opportunité unique pour le continent d'exploiter le potentiel de ses jeunes et de réaliser le dividende démographique. Phases de Transition Démographique et sa Pertinence. Les trois phases de transition démographique sont la phase de pré-transition, la phase de transition et la phase post-transition. Pendant la phase de pré-transition, les taux de naissance et de mortalité sont élevés. Pendant la phase de transition, les taux de mortalité diminuent en raison de l'amélioration des soins de santé, tandis que les taux de natalité restent élevés, ce qui conduit à une population jeune. Dans la phase post-transition, les taux de naissance et de mortalité sont faibles, conduisant à une population vieillissante. L'Afrique de l'Ouest est actuellement dans la deuxième phase de la transition démographique, qui se caractérise par une baisse des taux de mortalité tandis que les taux de fertilité restent élevés. Cela interprète à une croissance démographique rapide dans la région. La transition de la deuxième à la troisième étape de la transition démographique en Afrique de l'Ouest nécessitera des investissements prolongés dans les soins de santé, l'éducation et le développement économique afin de promouvoir des tailles familiales plus petites et un développement durable.

La population jeune en Afrique présente une opportunité de croissance économique grâce à une productivité accrue, à l'entrepreneuriat et à des investissements dans le capital humain. Selon les Nations Unies, la population africaine devrait doubler d'ici 2050, atteignant 2,5 milliards, avec plus de 60% de la population de moins de 25 ans. L'Afrique de l'Ouest est un excellent exemple d'une région avec un potentiel significatif pour un dividende démographique. Les pays de la région, comme le Nigéria, le Ghana et le Sénégal, ont connu une baisse constante des taux de fertilité au cours des dernières décennies, entraînant un changement dans la structure d'âge de la population. Ce changement offre à la région une opportunité d'investir dans sa jeunesse, en particulier dans l'éducation, la santé et l'emploi, pour leur permettre de devenir des membres productifs de la société et de contribuer à la croissance économique de leur pays. Les

avantages

potentiels

dividende

démographique

sont

illustrés

par

les

expériences de pays comme la Chine, l'Inde et la Corée du Sud, qui ont connu une croissance

économique

développement

importants

tirant

parti

des

dividendes démographiques.

Projets de développement communautaire. Les projets de services communautaires peuvent jouer un rôle crucial dans la réalisation des objectifs de développement durable en relevant des défis spécifiques auxquels sont confrontés les communautés et en permettant aux individus de contribuer au développement de leurs communautés. En 2021, nous avons mis en place une équipe ensemble et fondé une initiative connue sous le nom de «100x plus intelligent» qui vise à fournir du matériel scolaire de base aux élèves du primaire qui n'ont pas accès à ces documents. Le projet vise à améliorer l'accès à l'éducation et à réduire les obstacles à l'apprentissage face aux étudiants défavorisés. La plupart des régions de la région sud-sud du Nigéria, de la FCT, de la région du sud-est du Nigéria et d'Accra - le Ghana a bénéficié du projet. Le projet a été confronté à des défis tels que un financement inadéquat, un manque de ressources et une participation limitée de la communauté, mais a surmonté la plupart

des

défis

grâce

des

partenariats

avec

les

organisations

locales,

l'engagement communautaire et les solutions créatives. 100x Smarter a réussi à améliorer l'accès à l'éducation et à réduire le taux d'abandon chez les élèves du primaire dans la région

Conclusion et Recommandations La réalisation du dividende démographique en Afrique de l'Ouest nécessite des efforts concertés de la part des gouvernements, des organisations de la société civile et du secteur privé. La pandémie de COVID-19 a mis en évidence la nécessité d'investir dans les infrastructures de santé et les systèmes de protection sociale, en particulier pour les groupes vulnérables tels que les femmes et les enfants. En outre, les efforts visant à améliorer la qualité des programmes d'éducation et de développement des compétences, en particulier en sciences, technologie, ingénierie et mathématiques (STEM), peuvent doter les jeunes des compétences nécessaires à l'économie moderne. Les projets/initiatives de services communautaires peuvent jouer un rôle crucial dans la réalisation des objectifs de développement durable en relevant les défis spécifiques auxquels sont confrontées les communautés et en donnant aux individus les moyens de contribuer au développement de leurs communautés. Pour reproduire le succès de l'initiative 100x SMARTER, des partenariats avec des organisations locales, un engagement communautaire et des solutions créatives sont nécessaires pour surmonter les défis. Les jeunes ont un rôle crucial à jouer pour tirer parti du dividende démographique et atteindre les objectifs de développement durable en Afrique. Les références: 1. Commission de l'Union africaine. (2017). Exploiter le dividende démographique grâce

des

investissements

dans

jeunesse.

Extrait

dehttps://au.int/sites/default/files/documents/34385-docharnessing_the_demographic_dividend_through_investments_in_youth_e_web.pd f 2. Les Nations Unies. (2017). Perspectives de la population mondiale : la révision de 2017.

Extrait

https://population.un.org/wpp/Publications/Files/WPP2017_KeyFindings.pdf 3. Commission économique des Nations Unies pour l'Afrique. (2019). Dividende démographique

Afrique

l'Ouest

aperçu

régional.

Extrait

https://www.uneca.org/sites/default/files/PublicationFiles/dd-west-africaoverview_en.pdf 4. Fonds des Nations Unies pour la population. (2014). Le pouvoir de 1,8 milliard : les adolescents,

les

jeunes

transformation

l'avenir.

Extrait

https://www.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/EN-SWOP14-Report_FINALweb.pdf

AMEWO ƑE XEXLẼME ƑE MAMA LE AFRIKA

IBAT DEMOGRAPHIC AWUỌÑỌ ETI UFORO AKEMEKE EDITIPPE KE IDID EMANIE EKAMBA ISUA UNAM UTOM ÑNAN IDID SE AMMO EKARA. AFRICA KENE UWAK IBAT IWAAD SE AMMOENIE, ENIE UFAÑEDIKPINAM YAK UFỌN AMI ABEN ÑKỌD ADUK ADI.

Mme ikpeghe transition demographic ita: Ikpeghe pre-transition, ikpeghe transition ye ikpeghe post transition. Idagha ami, West Africa eba ke ikpeghe transition. Eboaha ke ndaha edisin ibat mkpa nyimme ibad emana, ndien se idaad uwak ibad iwaad ndi ado ado. Ke ediboyo ndʌk ikpeghe posttransition ye daña ekpenie nsọñọ nda ñkọd. Ntip nsin ke atañ nsọñidem, ukpeebnwed ye ukọd economic anante eyimme etok ibad awo ke family. Atu iwaad ke Africa ebenewʌd ufon se iba ke ñkọd economic ke utọ iwañ, unam ubok utom ye edisin ifik ñwam ubonawo. Mme idid nte Nigeria, Ghana ye senegal enie ifiok ebaña usuuho ke efaak uman nditọ abene ubakke adi ke ubonno ñkpo ke isua ke atu awo. Edisin uwaam ke ukpeebñwed iwaad, nsọn idem , usiak ifia akeme edinam mme iwaad ami adikan isịn uwam ñnó idid ammọ. Usin uwam ke efaak, nte “100x SMARTER” initiative, mkeme ediwam ke use ñkpo mbana mme mfinna se mme awo keedekeed enie ye daña ekpesaña enwam mme awo . Mme efaak ndionọ ami oma piniehe mme mfinna nte unam akʌk ke mme usen edem ye una mme awo unwam ado mfin ami ammọ emea ekan utọ mfinna ami sia ammo edinie unwam eto mme awo atu awo ye atu obood eno. Ke edinie dividend demographic ke West Africa, anante ndukoppo aba ke atu ukara , ikpeghe civil Society ye ikpeghe Mma anam utom idem ammọ . Use ñkpọ mbaña ikpeghe nsọn idem ye ikpeghe social protection anekke ado akpan ñkpo, saña ye ke ediwam ke ñkọd ukpeebñwed ye ñkọd usiak ifia, akpan akpake STEM fields. Ndukkoppo ami nko aya añwam ke edibenne utom “100x SMARTER” Ke afiafid iwaad Africa enie ekamba utom edinam ke edibenne dividend demographic ye edinam utom ke ediwam ñkọd. TRANSLATOR : MISS UDEME OKON EDET

AI FOR LANGUAGE AND DEVELOPMENT

By: Abigail Oppong,Ghana AI for Language and Development: An Overview Artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionized many industries, and language and development is no exception. With the help of AI, we can now develop technologies that can understand and interpret human language, making it easier to communicate across different cultures and languages. In this write-up, I explored how AI is being used in language and development, including its impact on language diversity, and what the future holds for this exciting field. Natural Language Processing (NLP) One of the most important applications of AI in language and development is Natural Language Processing (NLP). NLP is the ability of computers to understand, interpret, and generate human language. With NLP, we can develop technologies like language translation,

speech

recognition,

and

sentiment

analysis

that

can

help

people

communicate across different languages and dialects. For example, Google Translate uses NLP to translate text from one language to another, while Amazon Alexa uses NLP to understand voice commands and respond to user requests. Machine Learning (ML) Another important application of AI in language and development is Machine Learning (ML). ML is a type of AI that enables computers to learn from data and improve their performance over time. With ML, we can develop technologies like language modeling, named entity recognition, and text classification that can help us better understand and analyze diverse languages. For example, language modeling is used to predict the next word in a sentence, while named entity recognition is used to identify and classify named entities like people, places, and organizations in a text.

Deep Learning Deep Learning is a subset of Machine Learning that is particularly well-suited for language and development. Deep Learning is based on neural networks, which are algorithms that are inspired by the structure of the human brain. With Deep Learning, we can develop technologies like language generation, speech synthesis, and image captioning that can help us generate diverse and culturally appropriate content. For example, language generation can be used to create natural language text in multiple languages, while speech synthesis can be used to create natural-sounding speech in diverse accents and dialects. Case Studies There are many case studies that demonstrate the power of AI in language and development, especially in the context of language diversity. For example, Google Translate has been used by over 500 million people worldwide to translate text across 109 languages, including many lesser-known and endangered languages. Amazon Alexa has become a popular voice assistant, helping users with tasks like setting alarms, playing music, and controlling smart home devices, in many different languages and dialects. AI is also being used to analyze and preserve endangered languages, such as the most African languages spoken by the indigenous people of California.

Challenges Despite the many benefits of AI in language and development, there are also many challenges that need to be addressed, especially in the context of language diversity. One of the biggest challenges is ensuring that AI systems are trained on diverse and representative data, which can be difficult for less well-known and endangered languages. Another challenge is ensuring that AI systems do not perpetuate harmful stereotypes or biases, especially when working with languages and cultures that are often marginalized or discriminated against.

Future Directions Despite these challenges, the future of AI in language and development is bright. Emerging technologies like GPT-3 and BERT are pushing the boundaries of what is possible

with

AI,

enabling

develop

even

sophisticated

language

technologies that are inclusive and culturally sensitive. In addition, AI is being applied in new areas, such as education, healthcare, and social media, where it can help us to better understand and connect with each other across diverse languages and cultures.

NYANSAPƆ MU ADWENE A WƆDE YƐ NNEƐMA MA KASA NE NKƆSO: NSƐM A WƆAKA ABOM Nyansapɔ mu adwene a wɔde yɛ nneɛma (AI) ayɛ nsakrae kɛse wɔ nnwuma pii mu, na kasa ne nkɔso nso nyɛ nea ɛka ho. Ɛnam AI mmoa so no, seesei yɛbɛtumi ayɛ mfiridwuma a ɛbɛtumi ate nnipa kasa ase na yɛakyerɛ aseɛ, na ama ayɛ mmerɛ sɛ yɛbɛdi nkitaho wɔ amammerɛ ne kasa ahodoɔ mu. Wɔ saa nkyerɛwee yi mu no, yɛbɛhwɛ sɛnea wɔde AI redi dwuma wɔ kasa ne nkɔso mu no yiye, a nkɛntɛnso a enya wɔ kasa ahorow so ka ho, ne nea daakye bɛyɛ ama saa adwuma a ɛyɛ anigye yi. Abɔde mu Kasa Ho Dwumadi (NLP). AI dwumadie a ɛho hia paa wɔ kasa ne nkɔsoɔ mu no mu baako ne Natural Language Processing (NLP). NLP yɛ tumi a kɔmputa tumi te nnipa kasa ase, kyerɛ ase, na ɛyɛ. Yɛnam NLP so bɛtumi ayɛ mfiridwuma te sɛ kasa nkyerɛaseɛ, kasa a wɔhunu, ne nkateɛ mu nhwehwɛmu a ɛbɛtumi aboa nkurɔfoɔ ma wɔadi nkitaho wɔ kasa ne kasa ahodoɔ mu. Sɛ nhwɛso no, Google Translate de NLP di dwuma de kyerɛ nsɛm ase fi kasa biako mu kɔ foforo mu, bere a Amazon Alexa de NLP di dwuma de te nne ahyɛde ase na wobua nea ɔde di dwuma no abisade. Mfiri a Wɔde Sua Ade (ML). Ade foforo a ɛho hia a wɔde AI di dwuma wɔ kasa ne nkɔso mu ne Machine Learning (ML). ML yɛ AI bi a ɛma kɔmputa tumi sua biribi fi data mu na ɛma wɔn adwumayɛ tu mpɔn bere a bere kɔ so no. Yɛnam ML so bɛtumi ayɛ mfiridwuma te sɛ kasa ho nhwɛsoɔ, entity a wɔato din a wɔhunu, ne nkyerɛwee nkyekyɛmu a ɛbɛtumi aboa yɛn ma yɛate kasa ahodoɔ ase yie na yɛayɛ mu nhwehwɛmu. Sɛ nhwɛsoɔ no, wɔde kasa nhwɛsoɔ di dwuma de hyɛ asɛmfua a ɛdi hɔ wɔ kasamu mu ho nkɔm, berɛ a wɔde entity recognition di dwuma de kyerɛ na wɔkyekyɛ nneɛma a wɔato din te sɛ nnipa, mmeaeɛ, ne ahyehyɛdeɛ a ɛwɔ nkyerɛwee bi mu.

Adesua a Ɛmu Dɔ Adesua a emu dɔ yɛ Mfiri Adesua no fã ketewaa bi a ɛfata yiye titiriw ma kasa ne nkɔso. Deep Learning gyina neural networks so, a ɛyɛ algorithms a wɔde onipa amemene no nhyehyɛe na ɛkanyan no. Deep Learning no, yebetumi ayɛ mfiridwuma te sɛ kasa awo ntoatoaso, kasa a wɔde bom, ne mfonini a wɔde kyerɛw nsɛm a ebetumi aboa yɛn ma yɛanya nsɛm a egu ahorow na ɛfata amammerɛ. Sɛ nhwɛso no, wobetumi de kasa awo ntoatoaso ayɛ abɔde mu kasa nkyerɛwee wɔ kasa ahorow pii mu, bere a wobetumi de kasa a wɔaka abom ayɛ kasa a ɛte sɛ abɔde mu nnyigyei wɔ nnyigyei ne kasa ahorow mu. Nsɛm a Wɔayɛ ho Nhwehwɛmu Nsɛm pii wɔ hɔ a wɔayɛ a ɛkyerɛ tumi a AI wɔ wɔ kasa ne nkɔso mu, titiriw wɔ kasa ahorow mu. Sɛ nhwɛso no, nnipa bɛboro ɔpepem 500 na wɔde Google Translate adi dwuma wɔ wiase nyinaa de akyerɛ nsɛm ase wɔ kasa horow 109 mu, a kasa horow pii a wonnim pii na wɔn ase reyɛ atɔre ka ho. Amazon Alexa abɛyɛ nne boafo a agye din, a ɛboa wɔn a wɔde di dwuma no wɔ nnwuma te sɛ alarm a wɔde hyehyɛ, nnwom a wɔbɔ, ne ofie mfiri a nyansa wom a wɔhwɛ so, wɔ kasa ne kasa ahorow pii mu. Wɔde AI nso reyɛ nhwehwɛmu na wɔakora kasa ahorow a wɔn ase reyɛ atɔre so, te sɛ Afrika kasa a ɛsen biara a California aborɔfo ka.

Nsɛnnennen Ɛmfa ho mfaso pii a ɛwɔ AI so wɔ kasa ne nkɔso mu no, nsɛnnennen pii nso wɔ hɔ a ɛsɛ sɛ wodi ho dwuma, titiriw wɔ kasa ahorow mu. Nsɛnnennen akɛse no mu biako ne sɛ wɔbɛhwɛ sɛ wɔbɛtete AI nhyehyɛe ahorow wɔ nsɛm a egu ahorow na ɛyɛ ananmusifo so, a ebetumi ayɛ den ama kasa ahorow a wonnim no yiye na wɔn ase reyɛ atɔre. Asɛnnennen foforo ne sɛ wɔbɛhwɛ sɛ AI nhyehyɛe ahorow no remma nsusuwii hunu anaa animhwɛ a epira nkɔ so, titiriw bere a wɔne kasa ne amammerɛ ahorow a wɔtaa to nkyɛn anaasɛ wɔyɛ nyiyim reyɛ adwuma no. Daakye Akwankyerɛ Wɔ saa nsɛnnennen yi nyinaa akyi no, AI daakye wɔ kasa ne nkɔso mu yɛ anigye. Mfiridwuma a ɛreba te sɛ GPT-3 ne BERT repia nea ebetumi aba wɔ AI mu no ahye, na ɛma yetumi yɛ kasa mfiridwuma a ɛyɛ nwonwa kɛse mpo a ɛka obiara ho na ɛfa amammerɛ ho. Bio nso, wɔde AI redi dwuma wɔ mmeae foforo, te sɛ nhomasua, akwahosan, ne sohyial media, baabi a ebetumi aboa yɛn ma yɛate yɛn ho yɛn ho aseyiye na yɛanya nkitahodi wɔ kasa ne amammerɛ ahorow mu.

SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND DEBVELOPMENT

By: Kevin Wang, Australia

Sustainable development aims to create cities and human settlements that are inclusive, safe, resilient, and smarter. Achieving this requires a focus on sustainable cities and settlements, disaster risk reduction, and sustainable transport. In this essay, we will explore these interconnected aspects and the role they play in shaping a sustainable future. Additionally, we will consider the impacts of COVID-19 and the importance of youth involvement in driving positive change. Section 1: Sustainable Cities and Settlements / Sustainable Transport Sustainable

cities

and

settlements

encompass

the

utilization

new

ideas,

technologies, and innovations to improve the quality of life, well-being, and the environment of urban areas. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has had significant impacts on these endeavors. During the pandemic, the imposed restrictions inadvertently aided in the recovery of the Earth's ecosystems, providing a glimpse of the positive environmental effects of reduced human activities. Moreover, the shift towards remote work and online learning led to desynchronized peak hours, easing the strain on transportation infrastructure. However, the global supply chain disruptions caused by the pandemic resulted in slowed development and highlighted the vulnerabilities of urban systems. Additionally, there has been a noticeable trend of people shifting away from public transport, leading to potential negative consequences such as increased private vehicle usage and traffic congestion. Furthermore, industries heavily reliant on global travel, like aviation, have suffered due to travel restrictions.

Amidst these challenges, it is essential to involve the youth in sustainable city initiatives. While young people are often underrepresented in decision-making processes, they possess knowledge and a deep concern for sustainability. Their involvement can bring fresh perspectives and innovative ideas to address the pressing issues faced by cities. Looking towards the future, we have an opportunity to leverage the reset that COVID19 has brought. By embracing sustainable practices, involving the youth, and closely monitoring both technological advancements and behavioral changes, we can shape cities that are environmentally friendly, socially inclusive, and economically robust. Section 2: Disaster Risk Reduction Disaster risk reduction involves minimizing the negative impacts of natural phenomena that can affect a significant number of people and organisms. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has added new layers of complexity to disaster management. The

pandemic

has

weakened

the

resilience

communities,

making

challenging to respond effectively to natural hazards. The simultaneous occurrence of a pandemic and natural disasters amplifies the consequences and strains the resources available for response and recovery efforts. To illustrate the importance of disaster risk reduction, we can examine the case of Australia. The country has been regularly confronted with natural disasters, such as bushfires and floods. Australia's approach to disaster response emphasizes the importance of preparedness, early warning systems, community engagement, and effective coordination between various stakeholders.

Youth involvement in disaster risk reduction is crucial. It is necessary to enhance their holistic knowledge and understanding of these issues, beyond those who are directly affected by disasters. Surveys have shown that current educational curricula do not adequately address disaster risk reduction. By integrating comprehensive disaster risk reduction education, young people can develop the skills and awareness needed to contribute to their communities' resilience. Conclusion: In the pursuit of sustainable cities and development, it is imperative to consider the interplay between sustainable cities and settlements, disaster risk reduction, and sustainable transport. The impacts of COVID-19 have highlighted the vulnerabilities and opportunities within these areas, necessitating the involvement of youth in driving positive change. By capitalizing on the lessons learned from the pandemic and empowering young people, we can create inclusive, resilient, and environmentally conscious cities that will thrive for generations to come

可持续城市与发展

介绍：可持续发展旨在创建包容、安全、有弹性和更智能的城市和人类住区。实现这一目标需要关注可持续城市和住区、减少灾害风险和可持续交通。在本文中，我们将探讨这些相互关联的方面以及它们在塑造可持续未来方面所发挥的作用。此外，我们将考虑 COVID-19 的影响以及青年参与推动积极变革的重要性。第 1 节：可持续城市和住区 / 可持续交通可持续城市和住区包括利用新思想、技术和创新来改善城市地区的生活质量和环境。然而， COVID19 疫情对这些努力产生了重大影响。在疫情期间，封锁的限制无意中帮助了地球生态系统的恢复，让我们看到人类活动减少对环境的积极影响。此外，线上工作和在线学习的转变导致高峰时间不同步，减轻了交通基础设施的压力。然而，疫情导致了全球供应链中断导致发展放缓，并凸显了城市系统的脆弱性。此外，人们有明显的远离公共交通工具的趋势，这会导致潜在的负面后果，例如私家车使用量增加和交通拥堵。此外，航空等严重依赖全球旅行的行业也因旅行限制而受到负面影响。面对这些挑战，让青年参与可持续城市倡议至关重要。年轻人在决策过程中的代表性往往不足，而且他们拥有知识并深切关注可持续性。他们的参与可以带来新的视角和创新的想法，以解决城市面临的紧迫问题。展望未来，我们有机会利用 COVID-19 带来的重置。通过采用可持续的做法，让年轻人参与进来，并密切关注技术进步和行为变化，我们可以塑造环境友好、社会包容和经济强劲的城市。第 2 部分：减少灾害风险灾害风险涉及尽量减少可能影响大量人员和生物的自然现象的负面影响。然而， COVID-19 疫情给灾害管理增加了新的复杂性。

疫情削弱了社区的复原力，使有效应对自然灾害更具挑战性。大流行病和自然灾害同时发生会加剧后果，并使可用于应对的恢复工作和资源紧张。为了说明减少灾害风险的重要性，我们可以考察澳大利亚的案例。该国经常面临森林大火和洪水等自然灾害。澳大利亚的灾难应对方法强调准备、早期预警系统、社区参与以及各利益相关方之间有效协调的重要性。青年参与减少灾害风险至关重要。除了那些直接受灾害影响的人之外，有必要提高整体对这些问题的知识和理解。调查表明，目前的教育课程没有充分解决减少灾害风险的问题。通过整合全面的减少灾害风险教育，年轻人可以发展所需的技能和意识，为社区的复原力做出贡献。结论：在追求可持续城市和发展的过程中，必须考虑可持续城市和住区、减少灾害风险和可持续交通之间的相互作用。 COVID-19 的影响凸显了这些领域的脆弱性和机遇。通过从疫情病中吸取的教训并赋予年轻人权力，年轻人可以创建具有包容性、弹性和环保意识的城市，并且有利于长期茁壮成长。

PARN ANANTNAKIN THAILAND Aspiring to study microbiology and genetics, Parn Anantnakin is currently a year 12 student at NIST international school of Thailand whose life mission is to make the world a happier and safer place. Since the summer of 2020, Parn has been developing his own cleaning machine called the ‘ozone box’ which is a plastic box with a rechargeable ozone generator implemented within and hopes to expand his creation to his community or larger.

HParn is also the founder of Pass It On, a service group that helps advocate for the student’s voice at NIST, and the youngest member of Inofab, a non-profit Chiang Mai University engineering organisation which creates exoskeleton for disabled people– increasing their quality of life. IOutside of advocacy and research, Parn is also the founder of www.emergency-thailand.com, a website that provides information about healthcare and hospitals throughout Thailand that are nearest to the user.

ปารย์ อนันตนาคินทร์ มีความปรารถนาที่จะศึกษาด้านจุลชีววิทยาและพันธุศาสตร์ ปัจจุบันเป็นนักเรียนชั้นปีที่ 12 ของโรงเรียนนานาชาติ NIST ในประเทศไทย โดยมีพันธกิจในชีวิตคือการทำให้โลกนี้มีความสุขและปลอดภัยยิ่งขึ้น ตั้งแต่ช่วงฤดูร้อนปี 2020 Parn ได้พัฒนาเครื่องทำความสะอาดของตัวเองที่เรียกว่า "กล่องโอโซน" ซึ่งเป็นก ล่องพลาสติกที่มีเครื่องผลิตโอโซนแบบชาร์จซ้ำได้ติดตั้งอยู่ภายใน และหวังว่าจะขยายผลงานของเขาไปยังชุมชน หรือใหญ่กว่านั้น

ปารย์ยังเป็นผู้ก่อตั้ง Pass It On ซึ่งเป็นกลุ่มบริการที่ช่วยสนับสนุนเสียงของนักศึกษาที่ NIST และเป็นสมาชิกที่ อายุน้อยที่สุดของ Inofab ซึ่งเป็นองค์กรด้านวิศวกรรมที่ไม่แสวงหาผลกำไรของมหาวิทยาลัยเชียงใหม่ ซึ่งสร้าง ชุดจักรกลไฟฟ้าแบบสวมใส่สำหรับผู้พิการ ซึ่งช่วยเพิ่มคุณภาพของ ชีวิต. นอกจากงานสนับสนุนและการวิจัยแล้ว ปารย์ยังเป็นผู้ก่อตั้ง www.emergency-thailand.com ซึ่งเป็นเว็บไซต์ ที่ให้ข้อมูลเกี่ยวกับการรักษาพยาบาลและโรงพยาบาลทั่วประเทศไทยที่อยู่ใกล้ตัวผู้ใช้มากที่สุด

JASON EAPPEN USA

Jason Eappen is currently 17 years old and is the Ariel Foundation Youth Ambassador and representative

the

United

Nations.

The

passion to achieve equitable education for all is an initiative that continues to be a goal of his to this day. He is the founder of an international non-profit known as HYPE, where we seek to help improve the community and vulnerable populations around the world through providing care-packages

and

providing

educational

resources. The non-profit revolves around the quote,”“ If you give a man a fish, he will be hungry tomorrow. If you teach a man to fish, he will be richer forever.” The nonprofit has already impacted thousands of peoples and continues to make a lasting impact. In his free time, he loves training in a martial art known as Jiu-Jitsu and has been doing it for over 12 years and has won local, state, national, and international competitions.

MOSES EKWERE Nigeria Moses Ekwere is a youth advocate, human rights

activist,

and

environmentalist

from

Nigeria. He obtained an Advanced International Diploma in Business Administration from NCC Education in 2020 and is currently a final-year (BBA) human resource management student at West End University College in Accra, Ghana. Moses has worked on a variety of cross-cutting development issues.

In 2018, he was the Secretary-General of the National He is an Ariel Foundation International Young Leader

and

Environmental

Ambassador

for

Greenway International Foundation (GIF), a youthled

environmental

protection

organization

Association

Nigerian

Students

(NANS)-Ghana Chapter, Ghana's largest foreign students'

organization

and

the

umbrella

organization for all Nigerian students in tertiary institutions across the nation. He worked on

dedicated to achieving a carbon-free world and a

gender inequality and human rights advocacy,

plastic-free ocean.

peace diplomacy, and community development

His major goals align with the United Nations'

outreach,

SDG13 Climate Action and SDG17 Partnership to

professionals and international organizations to

achieve 100% clean energy and a 90% reduction in

achieve set goals. Moses is a game-changer

greenhouse gas emissions. He has been a GIF

with an uncanny ability to read between the

Youth Ambassador since 2018 and has worked with

lines and make things work.

the

research

and

strategy

team

develop

sensitization trainings on the impact of plastic use on the ecosystem and life beneath the water. He has made considerable contributions to over one million tree planting and tracking efforts, as well as strategically

supporting

the

anti-plastic

straw

movement. The team has curtailed over 1.2 million plastic

straws

biodegradable,

Accra,

edible

disposable straws.

Ghana,

bamboo

reusable

using and

well

collaborated

with

ABIGAIL OPPONG Ghana "Rather

than

standing

Speaking

for

Children, we need to stand with children speaking for themselves. We don’t need a political movement for children [ we need to] build environments and policies for our collective future." Abigail Oppong is a humanitarian young African

lady

who

passionately

work

impact

life.

She

Speaker,

Young

Mentor, Changemaker, Young Activist and a Social

Entrepreneur

and

Ethics

Researcher. Abigail Oppong is the Youth Ambassador for Ariel Foundation International focusing on Africa and making the voices of African Voices heard. Being a changemaker, she is passionate about social impacts project that seeks to empower women, children, and youth. She is part of the Board Members of Women Media and Change working hard to make sure young women’s voices are represented well in the media. Passionate about engaging more women in Technology, she is part of several women in TECH organizations working hard to make sure women are represented well in the STEM Industry. Abigail is a graduate from Ashesi University where she studied Management Information Systems. She is a recipient of the “Young Leaders Creating a Better World for All award” at the Women Economic Forum, 2019, and the first youngest leader to receive such an international award from the Women Economic Forum.

KEVIN WANG Australia "Kevin Wang is the Founder of Insightful Institute

and

studying

Knox

high-school Grammar

student

School

Sydney, Australia. His interests are in the areas of economics and finance, as well as STEM-related topics. He is proud to be a Youth Ambassador for Ariel Foundation International. To

better

guide

his

professional

and

personal development, he has developed the INSIGHTFUL principle.

In the future, he wishes to become someone who will make an impact and bring change to the education landscape, and one of the ways to accomplish this goal is through this principle. He hopes this can also support other youth and their respective projects to deliver tangible outcomes. I stands for Innovation, N stands for networking, S stands for Strategy, The second I stands for Inspiration, G stands for Genuineness, H stands for humility, T stands for Trustworthiness, F stands for Flexibility, U stands for Understanding and L stands for Liaison. With INSIGHTFUL, Kevin is empowered to achieve more tremendous success through his interests in both STEM and finance-related subject areas. Simultaneously, he believes that in the future, this principle will guide him to leverage his own privilege and experience to enrich and help the next generation globally to achieve their own professional and personal bests. Developing a set of principles one truly subscribes to is vital for decision-making and ultimate success. Delivering systems change to the world requires collective action, and he wishes to play a role in leaving a memorable imprint.

DR. ARIEL ROSITA KING, MPH, MBA, PHD (UK), DTM&H, PHD (FRANCE)

AFI Founder and President Dr. Ariella (Ariel) Rosita King (www.drarielking.com) founded The Ariel Foundation International (www.arielfoundation.org) in 2002 as a non-profit organization with an international focus

children

and

youth

inspired

leadership

and

participation worldwide. Dr. Ariel King is a Rotarian for over 20 years. She is the Main Representative at the United Nations (Geneva, New York and Vienna ) for AFI, with Special Economic, Cultural and

Social

Council

Special

(ECOSO).

She

has

also

represented other NGOs in Geneva since 2008, the United Nations in Vienna (UNOV) since 2010 and United Nations in New York since 2000. Dr. King is also an NGO Representative at the European Parliament. Dr. King’s life focus is on inspiring leadership and participation of worlds’ children and youth. Ariel Foundation International is a member of EuroChild, Dr. King was a Trustee for Children’s Rights Alliance England (CRAE), Now Just for Law Kids, and the Acid Survivors Trust International (ASTI) United Kingdom. Dr King is also the Founder (2000), and President Ariel Consulting International, Inc., that creates and enhances Public-Private Partnerships in international diplomacy and policy. She has over 35 years of experience in international public policy and international management in government, business and NGOs. As a Professor in International Health, Management, Policy and Environment she has taught at Universities in the USA, Europe and Africa. Dr. King has published on the topics of Kangaroo Newborn Baby Care, International Health Policy and Management, Medical Ethics, Organ Transplantation, National Essential Drugs Policy, HIV/AIDS; Breast Cancer; Violence Against Women; Youth Participation at the United Nations and Children’s Human Rights. _____________________ Dr. King completed a second research degree (PhD) in Sociology on Community Engagement in the Psychosocial Care of Their Traumatised Children – A Case Study of Botswana, Liberia and Morocco at the Unitersité de Franche-Comte, France (December 2018). She also has completed advance certificates in the study of Children’s Human Rights, from the UER Droits de l'enfant/Children's Rights Unit, Institut Universitaire Kurt Bösch (IUKB) in Switzerland. Dr. King holds a Diploma Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (DTM&H); Doctorate (PhD) in Philosophy in Public Health and Policy from the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, University of London; a Master in International Health Management (MIM) from Thunderbird School of Global Management; Master in Public Health (MPH) in international Health from the University of Texas School of Public Health; and a Bachelor of Arts (BA) from the University of Hawaii at Manoa.

AFI Changemakers at the United Nations ECOSOC Youth Summit 2023

Articles inside

DR. ARIEL ROSITA KING, MPH, MBA, PHD (UK), DTM&H, PHD (FRANCE)

KEVIN WANG

ABIGAIL OPPONG

MOSES EKWERE Nigeria

JASON EAPPEN USA

SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND DEBVELOPMENT

AI FOR LANGUAGE AND DEVELOPMENT

DIVIDENDE DÉMOGRAPHIQUE EN AFRIQUE

DEMOGRAPHIC DIVIDEND IN AFRICA

YUVA SAKRIYATA

YOUTH ACTIVISM

CONCEPT NOTE