Laymans Report ARN, Engels

LAYMAN’S REPORT ARN 2015

LIFE PROJECT NUMBER

LIFE10 ENV/NL/00027

Project Location

Tiel, The Netherlands

Project start date

01/09/2011

Project end date

01/09/2015

Achieving 95% recycling performance for Dutch end-of-life vehicles

With the contribution of the LIFE+ financial instrument of the European Commission

1

Content

p. 3

Summary

p. 5

Introduction

p. 7

- 95% recycling target

- Post Shredder Technology

LIFE+ project

p. 10

- Technical optimisation of the production line

Impact on the environment

p. 12

- Environmental impact of LIFE+

- Shredder trials: measurement is knowledge

Results - BlueRoots

- Unique in Europe

p. 14

Transferability of project results

p. 15

Abbreviations and definitions Stakeholders

p. 16

Contact and colophon

2

Summary Every year, 15 million vehicles reach the end of their useful life in Europe. Following dismantling and shredding of these end-of-life vehicles, every year in total 3 million tonnes of automotive shredder residue (ASR) or shredder waste remains behind. The best and most sustainable solution for this waste problem is mechanical post separation of the shredder waste. With this in mind, using Post Shredder Technology (PST), ARN has developed and built a production line. The PST plant in Tiel first went into use at the end of 2011.

Since 1 January 2015, in accordance with the European End-of-Life Vehicles (ELV) Directive, all Member States of the European Union are required to recycle 95% of the weight of end-of-life vehicles. At least 85% of the material must be reused, supplemented up to at least 95% through

be precisely harmonised. ARN applied for a LIFE+ subsidy to optimise the production line, which is unique in Europe. The European Commission granted the subsidy in September 2011.

useful application, for example for energy retrieval by incineration.

PST plant: an essential link In the Dutch situation, the PST plant forms an essential link in achieving the 95% recycling target. Following dismantling and shredding of an end-of-life vehicle, approximately 20% of the weight of the vehicle remains behind as shredder waste. If this is then incinerated or dumped in landfill, it is impossible to achieve the 85% material reuse target.

With our PST installation, we succeed in retrieving useful materials from shredder waste, such as plastics, fibres, minerals and metals including iron, aluminium and copper.

Optimisation of PST installation is the key objective The key objective of ARN in spending the LIFE+ subsidy was to optimise the PST installation, thereby achieving the 95% recycling target. The subsidy is also used to demonstrate the technical feasibility of the PST plant and its financial viability, so that other Member States of the European Union are able to implement (parts of) the production line. We also develop new markets for the sale of end fractions, as well as sharing our knowledge and experiences.

In processing shredder waste in the PST plant, more than 170 different units operate simultaneously, all of which need to

Using the LIFE+ subsidy, throughout the various process stages of the PST plant we have implemented technical optimisation in a series of steps. We have for example altered the infeed system for the production line, we have switched to a more reliable type of pump in plastic separation and have installed an additional fibre separation line.

Recycling performance broken down according to type and share at PST plant

2011

13

,1%

12 23,5% 59,6%

nnb

2012

,4

%

9%

6,0%

23,8% 62,2%

25.000 processed tonnes

24,0% 59,7%

nnb

2013 9,

Increased efficiency and positive environmental impact The optimisations have resulted in greater efficiency in the production line, and have had a positive impact on the environment. Thanks to more stable production, each year, we are able to process a larger volume of shredder waste. This results in more useful end products, and there is less shredder waste that has to be incinerated or landfilled. The installations for the retrieval of metals and for the removal of wood and rubber from the plastic fraction produce cleaner finished products of higher value and quality .

Energy retrieval Recycling Product recycling Other Share PST plant

2014 9, 9%

6,5%

24,1% 62,0%

36.000 processed tonnes

* these figures will be published during the first quarter of 2016

2015 nn b*

nnb*

nnb* nnb*

42.500 expected tonnes to be processed

3

The result of the optimisations and the introduction of preventive maintenance is a considerable cost saving. Actual production capacity at the PST plant is better utilised for the processing of shredder waste, and energy consumption for example has been reduced by 30% per tonne. Other improvements have led to a higher end value for a number of end fractions. We now retrieve half more by weight of good quality plastics for material reuse than in the situation prior to the improvements.

The metal retrieval line now results in metals in a pure form that can be sold direct to foundries.

Processing costs still outweigh revenue Despite the cost savings and the higher output of certain fractions, the costs for processing automotive shredder residue are still on balance considerably higher than the revenue. Above all the sale of the fibre fraction to the cement industry and waste incinerators is costly.

Thanks to the optimisations achieved using the LIFE+ subsidy, the PST plant is now able to process 40,000 tonnes of ASR every year, with end fractions of a quality sufficient to achieve at least 85% material reuse. This equates to the total volume of shredder waste provided annually from Dutch end-of-life vehicles. In 2014, 40% of the shredder waste supplied to us was reused as material.

Before the PST plant was opened, that entire volume would have been incinerated or landfilled.

The Netherlands already achieved the 95% recycling target in 2013 Partly thanks to the PST plant and the optimisation of the production line, the Netherlands already achieved the 95% recycling target with at least 85% reuse of materials in 2013. Over the next few years, we will continue to further optimise our production line. One of the proposed projects is aimed at the further separation of plastics. We are also constantly on the lookout for new sales opportunities for the end fractions.

4

Introduction

In Europe, every year, 15 million cars reach the end of their useful life. Following dismantling and shredding of these end-of-life vehicles, automotive shredder residue (ASR) or shredder waste is left behind. For every end-of-life vehicle, there are 200 kg of ASR, representing on average 20% of the weight of the original car. In other words, Europe generates a total of 3 million tonnes of shredder waste every year. To achieve the 95% recycling target, it is essential that shredder waste be processed rather than being landfilled or incinerated.

Post separation the best solution From the point of the view of the environment and from a technological and economic point of view, the best solution for this environmental problem is the mechanical post-separation of the shredder waste. For the post-separation of shredder waste using Post Shredder Technology (PST), we developed and built a production line in Tiel. This PST plant was opened at the end of 2011.

of shredder waste landfilled in the Netherlands. In other words, our LIFE+ project also ties in with the European Landfill Directive. Both directives are part of the European Framework Directive on Waste Substances aimed at promoting the prevention, recycling and processing of waste, the retrieval of raw materials and recovery of energy, and any other process for the reuse of waste.

Knowledge available for all EU countries The knowledge and experience for the mechanical separation of shredder waste acquired in the PST installation should contribute to achieving the recycling targets of all Member States of the European Union. Our project has demonstrated that a large proportion of the ASR need not be dumped. The LIFE+ project at ARN can in other words make a substantial contribution to the strategy of the European Commission for arriving at a more sustainable society. The knowledge we share can also make a real contribution to the implementation of Post Shredder Technology by the recycling industry in other countries of Europe. This could result in better performance in the recycling of old cars in Europe.

1 million euro subsidy The LIFE+ subsidy to the tune of 1 million euro, which was awarded to ARN in September 2011, was spent on the step-bystep implementation of optimisations in the production line. One key outcome is a more stable supply of the incoming shredder waste, as a result of which the waste can be processed into reusable materials on a large scale. ARN’s LIFE+ project has therefore made a contribution to reducing the huge volume of shredder waste that is dumped in landfills across Europe, every year.

Targets for optimising the separation line The most important target in optimising the production line at the PST plant is the ability to comply with the 95% recycling of end-of-life vehicles in line with the European End-of-Life Vehicles Directive.

In addition, using the PST plant, our aim is to substantially reduce the volume

95% recycling target All countries affiliated to the European Union have been required since 1 January

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2015 to recycle 95% of the weight of all end-of-life vehicles. This requires at least 85% material reuse supplemented up to at least 95% through useful application, for example for energy recovery via incineration.

As a result of the cessation of the dismantling of glass, material reuse will increase by 3% in 2015.

Post Shredder Technology For the large-scale processing of automotive shredder residue, it was necessary to build an entirely new production line. The PST (Post Shredder Technology) plant houses a separation installation that processes shredder waste in a series of stages, using mechanical separation techniques. For example: sieving according to particle size and separation in air or liquid on the basis of density and magnetism. In this way, ARN succeeds in retrieving useful materials from the shredder waste including plastics, fibres, minerals and metals such as iron, aluminium and copper.

PST plant an essential link The Post Shredder Technology (PST) plant in Tiel represents an essential link in the Dutch situation in complying with the European recycling targets since, following dismantling and shredding of an end-of-life vehicle, approximately 20% of the weight of that vehicle remains behind as shredder waste. If this waste is incinerated or dumped, it is impossible to achieve 85% material reuse required in the European rules.

Contribution of PST plant to recycling performance The fact that the Netherlands needs the PST plant to comply with the European 95% recycling obligation is reflected by the figures for recycling performance in 2013 and 2014. In the recycling performance in 2013, the reuse of materials amounted to a total of 86.0%, with a further 9.9% useful application. The contribution from the PST plant amounted to 1.7% material reuse and 4.3% energy recovery. In 2014, further optimisations had already been implemented and the contribution from the PST plant had risen.

The recycling performance in 2014 consisted of : 86.1% material reuse and 9.9% useful application. The PST plant made the following contribution: 2.1% material reuse and 4.4% energy recovery.

Five modules The production line is built up from five basic modules. In step one of the process, three main flows are extracted from the shredder waste: plastics, fibres and a mineral fraction. Subsequently, each of these three material flows passes through a module, the purpose of which is to further clean and separate the type of material in question. In the plastic module, separation is made into three different plastic fractions classified according to density. After passing through the three post-separation modules, copper-bearing flows are post-processed in the fifth metal-recovery module.

Processed shredder waste at the PST plant in tonnes per day (period 2012-2013) 35.000

25.000 20.000 15.000 10.000 5.000 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36

0 Weekly capacity

250 200

6

Annual capacity

Poly. (annual capacity)

Capacity in tonnes per year

Production in tonnes per year

30.000

The PST plant operates 24 hours a day, 5 days a week and processes 6 tonnes of waste every hour.

This amounts to approximately 30 kilotonnes of shredder waste every year

LIFE+ project

In processing shredder waste at the PST plant, more than 170 different units operate simultaneously. For optimum post-separation, these elements must be precisely harmonised with one another. Optimising a production line is a time-consuming process which thanks to its innovative character also calls for the intervention of internal experts. Against that background, ARN applied for a LIFE+ subsidy for process optimisation.

Step-by-step optimisation of the PST installation The most important objective for ARN in spending the LIFE+ subsidy was to optimise the PST installation in a series of steps, thereby achieving the European target of 95% recycling performance for end-of-life vehicles, of which at least 85% reuse of materials.

The subsidy was also used to demonstrate the technical capacity of the PST plant and its financial viability, so that other Member States of the European Union can implement (parts of) the production line. We are also in the process of developing additional markets for the sale of end fractions and share our knowledge and experience accrued with stakeholders and the recycling sector.

Technical optimisations of the production line -

-

-

-

-

Alteration of the infeed system to the production line to create a constant flow of shredder waste throughout the production line thereby allowing a higher volume of material to be processed.

In plastic separation, a switch was made to a different type of pump that is less susceptible to breakdowns.

Measuring systems were altered to be able to measure materials of constantly changing composition more accurately, often in a dusty environment.

Water management in the plastic module (float-sink technology) was optimised by installing an additional sieving unit to be able to remove fibre residues.

Additional separation installations were fitted to improve the separation of fibres from the minerals.

Other more wear-proof materials have been used in the production line, resulting in less downtime.

Additional installations were fitted for removing wood and rubber from the plastic fractions, thereby reducing the loss of good quality plastic fractions, based on innovative techniques (a screw sieve, tumble sieve and shaker machine).

An installation was fitted for retrieving metals from the plastic fraction to improve the economic performance of the PST plant.

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1. Primary separation

Separates shredder waste into three main flows: minerals, fibres and plastics, by sieving, grinding and blowing.

Stone • Rubber

1

plastics 2

4

al er in

6

fib

m

3

5

re s

s

At the PST plant in Tiel, the raw materials present in shredder waste are separated out. The result is 4 different fractions, for which the various machines in the plant have each been painted in their own colour, broadly along the following lines: metals (red), plastics (green), fibres (orange) and minerals (yellow).

En route through the plant, the material passes through no less than 170 different machines in which the waste is sieved and centrifuged, ground using hammers, and separated using a sink-float mechanism, until they are pulverised into the finest possible homogeneous particles.

3. Mineral module

The minerals are sieved into 3 granule sizes.

The more even the material size the easier it is to separate out unwanted fibres and other contaminants. The 3 output flows serve as raw material for applications in road building.

LIFE+ LIFE+ is a subsidy programme from the European Union. The subsidy is intended for the development and implementation of European nature and environmental policy. LIFE+ is built on three pillars: nature and biodiversity, information and communication and environment policy and governance. The LIFE+ project at ARN for the improvement of the recycling performance of Dutch end-of-life vehicles contributes to the pillar environment policy and governance, as it assists the Dutch government to fulfil its European car recycling obligations.

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Minerals

T n a t a a

4. Plastic preseparation module

The plastics contain numerous contaminants such as wood and rubber, but this flow also contains large amounts of aluminium, iron and copper.

Using a magnet, an Eddy Current and a special sieve, aluminium, iron and rubber are separated before the material is ground into the most evenly-sized particles possible

Rubber • Aluminium

2. Fibre module

The supply of fibres comes from the primary module, but fibre residue is also supplied from the yellow and green modules. The copper wires are removed from the fibres using a percussion crusher.

Fibres

5. Plastic module 6. Metal module

The heavy plastic fraction and the copper wires from the fibre module are passed through a new module to remove the copper and aluminium. This is achieved using a percussion crusher that beats the copper wires into tiny balls, at which point they can be separated out on an air table.

The ground plastic is passed through a sink-float separator, which separates the plastic types from one another in 2 baths, according to their specific gravity. The output is three plastic flows: PP&PE, a blast furnace fraction and a heavy fraction that contains large amounts of copper.

Plastic PP&PE • Plastic blast furnace fraction

Copper • Aluminium • Plastic

A visit to the PST plant?

ARN is proud of its PST plant. Throughout the year we organise tours of the production line for the processing of shredder waste. If you are interested in a (company) visit to the PST plant in Tiel, please contact info@arn.nl for further information or to sign up for a visit.

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Impact on the environment Environmental impact of LIFE+ Optimisations implemented using the LIFE+ subsidy have had a positive impact on the environment. Firstly they have led to improved efficiency in the production line. Thanks to more stable production, each year we are able to process a larger volume of shredder waste. This results in more useful end products, and less shredder waste has to be incinerated or landfilled.

Fully equipped laboratory The PST plant operates a fully equipped laboratory. Here we carry out analyses on the composition of the incoming shredder waste and the end fractions that leave the factory, such as fibres and plastics. Quality control of the end fraction enables us to assess whether the intended result of the optimisation process has been achieved. By monitoring the materials, the laboratory fulfils an important role in optimising the production line and in addition in improving the already positive environmental impact.

Also at the laboratory we check whether the end fractions comply with the product requirements of our customers.

Since 2014, the PST plant has been ISO 14001 certified. This means that the production line for the processing of shredder waste is equipped in such a way as to burden the environment as little as possible. Based on this international standard, the PST plant automatically complies with European and national laws and regulations. ISO 14001 is the common thread in optimising the production line.

For every project, the consequences for the environment are assessed and balanced. The assessments for example relate to energy consumption or substance emissions. To further reduce environmental burdens, targets are also set every year, for among others reducing energy consumption.

Considerable improvement in material separation The installations for retrieving metals and for removing wood and rubber from the plastic fractions also mean that materials are separated far better. As a result, we are able to produce cleaner end products with higher value and quality that can for example be used as raw materials for new products, while at the same time leaving behind fewer residual flows.

The copper we retrieve from the plastic fractions is delivered to copper foundries.

We supply one of the plastic fractions to blast furnaces in Germany to replace coke and oil.

Energy consumption PTS plant in kWh per tonne 400 350 300 250

Energy consumption in the

200

PST plant has clearly fallen

150

over the past two years.

100

This is in part due to the

50 Mei 2012

Jul 2012

Sep 2012

Nov 2012

Poly. (kWh per tonne)

Jan 2013

Mrt 2013

kWh per tonne

10

Mei 2013

Jul 2013

Sep 2013

production optimisation brought about as a result of the Life+ subsidy.

5%

6,6%

Metals

Plastics < 1,1 kg/dm3

therefore amount to 100%. For each material, the circles show the percentage of reuse, retrieval and landfill disposal.

2,5% 9,5%

10

0%

88%

7%

8%

22,1% 76,5% 1,4%

38% 32% 30%

22%

6%

10

0%

12%

49,4% 50 ,6 %

Heavy parts

Fibres

Shredder trials: measurement is knowledge The European Member States are required to report each year on their recycling performance to the European Commission, according to set of detailed rules. These rules mean that periodic shredder trials have to be undertaken. The trials in question are practical tests to precisely determine the level of recycling, and whether the 95% recycling target has been met. In 2010, ARN carried out a shredder trial so as to have a zero measurement, before the PST plant was commissioned in 2011. To measure the impact of the Post Shredder Technology and the improvements achieved thanks to the LIFE+ subsidy, in 2015, ARN will be carrying out a total of three shredder trials. Two of those trials were completed before 1 September 2015.

We decided to carry out three trials because end-of-life vehicles are processed by a large number of car dismantling companies and three shredder companies in the Netherlands. At each of these shredder companies (metal recycling compa-

Rubber/ wood/plastics

Minerals

26%

* The figures are the results for the PST plant in 2014

5%

Plastics 1,1 1,3 kg/dm3

The grey circles show the various materials the PST plant produces in percentages. In total these

100%

93,4%

Final destination for shredder waste What useful materials are generated from the processing of shredder waste?

Plastics > 1,3 kg/dm3

Textiles

9%

Reuse

10

0%

Recovery Landfill

nies with a shredder location), one trial will be carried out so we can arrive at the most accurate measurement result possible. This is essential since every company in the recycling chain influences the eventual result of the recycling of end-of-life vehicles, and the materials the process generates.

post-separation to ARN Recycling in Tiel, in order to achieve the final few percent of the recycling obligation. At the PST plant, flows of reusable materials are recovered from the mixed waste flows. The reusable materials include plastics and metals.

Precise measurement of material flows At the start of each shredder trial, the precise weight of the approximately 400 end-of-life vehicles is determined. In each phase of the trial, precise measurements are made of the weight of each of the resultant material flows. At the end of the trial, every kilogram of the car will be identified as part of a finished product. In addition, for each material flow, an assessment will be made of possible new applications for the material in question, and of the official label, or classification, of that material. Once all weights of all flows from the entire recycling chain can be set against one another, according to the same set of classifications, the percentages of material reuse and useful application can be calculated.

Representative batch from the vehicle population In each shredder trial, we work together with a number of dismantling companies who deliver their processed end-of-life vehicles to the shredder company in question. The composition of the collected vehicles processed specifically by the shredder for the shredder trial – a so-called batch – is representative for the vehicle population on Dutch roads.

The shredder company grinds the end-oflife vehicles, and separates the material flows into immediately reusable materials, such as ferrous and non-ferrous metals, and other flows. The residue (shredder waste) is transported for

11

Results Higher recycling performance of end fractions A number of optimisations have led to a higher recycling performance for a number of end fractions. A screw sieve, a tumbler sieve and a shaker machine have for example been installed to ensure cleaner end fractions of plastics. This investment has led to the retrieval of half more by weight of good plastics for material reuse than in the situation before the optimisation. In the old situation, a larger proportion of entirely recyclable plastic was lost in the fine and coarse fractions of the sieving process. As a result of the optimisation, the percentage of reuse of end fractions is raised; it does not however result in a higher price for the end fractions.

Research and development for identifying high-value applications for end materials often take a great deal of time. It is a technically complex process, but, above all, the aspect that causes such a long lead time for the study programmes is the development of a market for new applications.

On balance, costs higher than revenue Despite the cost savings and greater yield for several fractions, practice has shown that the costs of processing automotive shredder residue on balance still remain considerably higher than the revenue. The optimisations have however reduced the processing costs per tonne. In 2014, the costs for processing one tonne of ASR amounted to 233 euro as compared to 340 euro in 2013 and 678 euro in 2012. The forecast for 2015 is a negative balance of 224 euro per processed tonne of ASR.

Retrieval of metals The fractions that emerge from the metal retrieval line include copper, aluminium, iron and stainless steel. They are retrieved from among other fractions the high-density plastic flow. Within this classification, approximately 3,500 tonnes of plastic are processed every year. The yield is approximately 5% copper, 2% aluminium and 1% stainless steel. These metals are retrieved in pure form, and can be sold directly to foundries.

The sale of the fibre fraction to the cement industry and waste incinerators is the major cost component. ARN has identified a number of projects which should in the long run result in the sale of fibre fractions with a positive revenue. The mineral fraction also has a negative value in that material separation costs more than it generates.

Further optimisation of the production line Partly thanks to the presence of the PST plant and the optimisation of the production line, the Netherlands already achieved the 95% European recycling performance target for end-of-life vehicles, with at least 85% reuse of materials, in 2013. Over the coming years, we will continue to further optimise the production line. One of the proposed projects is aimed at the further separation of plastic and we are constantly on the lookout for new sales channels for the end fractions.

Considerable cost saving The series of optimisations and the introduction of preventive maintenance have led to considerable cost savings at the PST plant because the production capacity can better be utilised for the actual processing of shredder waste. Because of this, energy consumption has for example fallen by 30% per tonne. The optimisation process has also taught us which wear-resistant materials can best be used in the pipework and elsewhere.

New sales channels For the majority of end materials involving material recycling, two sales channels have been created. For a number of materials, the study programmes have not yet identified a sales channel capable of establishing or considerably improving material reuse.

Unique in Europe In 2005, ARN decided to build the PST plant because soon after the announcement of the 95% recycling target in the End-of-Life Vehicles Directive, it became clear that the only (economically viable) method for ful-

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filling the obligation in the Netherlands was the post-separation of automotive shredder residue (ASR).

Across Europe, a number of different companies, above all shredder companies, have invested in the development of technology for retrieving valuable materials from shredder waste, mainly on economic grounds. However, nowhere else in Europe has a process line been built, the sole purpose of which is to achieve the recycling target.

Elements from our production line in Tiel are to be found elsewhere in Europe, but a complete production line with the specific purpose of achieving the 95% recycling target is unique. It appears that it is not yet viable to separate shredder waste in a manner that produces the results achieved in Tiel, exclusively from the point of a recycling ambition.

Demonstration for high-quality recycling In that sense, the PST plant with its advanced separation installation serves in Europe as a demonstration installation for the high-quality recycling of shredder waste. The PST installation provides proof to European countries, governments and industry that an added value alternative is available for the large-scale landfilling or incineration of ASR. The LIFE+ subsidy has made it possible to upscale the PST installation from the test phase into a fully operational application.

Thanks to the optimisation steps taken using the LIFE+ subsidy, the PST plant is able to process 40,000 tonnes of ASR every year, whereby the quality of the end fractions is sufficient to achieve at least 85% material reuse. This 40,000 tonne total represents the ASR from all Dutch end-of-life vehicles each year. In 2014, we retrieved 40% of reusable material from the incoming shredder waste. Before the PST plant was commissioned, all this material would have been incinerated or dumped in landfills. We also share all our knowledge and experience with others.

2012

2014

2013

- € 9.500.000

€ 4.200.000

- € 8.400.000

€ 22.00.000

- € 8.500.000 € 1.700.000

€ 500.000

- € 6.100.000

Negative yield of shredder waste

Revenue: gate-fee end fractions Negative yield

2015 estimated

Cost optimalization Energy costs versus production in tonne 900.000

40.000

800.000

35.000

700.000

30.000

600.000

25.000

500.000

20.000

400.000

15.000

300.000

5.000 0

Energie costs

10.000

Production in tonnes

45.000

2012

2013

2014

2015 estimated

Production (in tonnes) Energy costs per tonne

200.000 100.000 0

€ 40 Energy costs per tonne per year

€ 30 € 20 € 10 0

2012

2013

2014

2015 estimated

New application for minerals: BlueRoots ARN Recycling and NPSP (manufacturers of sustainable, fibre-reinforced plastics) have together developed a new composite material consisting of materials from recycled cars, bound by a bio-based resin. The material, with the brand name BlueRoots, is extremely strong and can be moulded and printed offering a huge variety of potential applications.

The raw materials for the production of this new composite material are produced at the PST plant. They consist of materials that prior to the opening of the production line in Tiel were incinerated or dumped. Since 2013, a trial has been underway in Rotterdam to produce street signs using BlueRoots. At the start of 2015, the logo plaques at more than 130 car dismantling companies that are members of sector association Stiba were replaced by sustainable plaques produced from BlueRoots. www.blueroots.nl

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Transferability of the project results ARN publications We have published a series of specific articles about the PST plant: • ‘Automotive shredder residue: The road map to reaching ELV targets’, [Recycling International, Jan/Feb 2011]

Conference visits ARN has spent part of the LIFE+ subsidy on the acquisition of knowledge in the Netherlands and beyond, and subsequently sharing the knowledge it has acquired itself, with others. Over the past few years we have for example visited sector conferences in North America and Asia, on the one hand in order to keep up to date on technical innovations that could be used for our materials and on the other to examine market opportunities, to identify new sales channels and to inform stakeholders about the results of the PST plant.

- Each year, we have taken part in the annual International Automotive Recycling Congress (IARC - 2013 (Brussels), 2014 (Brussels) and 2015 (Berlin)) and on each occasion delivered a presentation about the PST plant. On two occasions, the IARC congress delegation visited the PST plant, and was given a full tour.

- During the congress of the European Plastics Converters (EuPC) in Bruges (2013) we delivered a presentation that focused on new recycling methods and the way in which automotive manufacturers deal with recycling.

- We also attended the Electronics Recycling Asia Congress in Singapore (2013 and 2014).

- At the Plastics Recycling 2015 conference in Dallas, Texas, we learned more about the further separation of plastics in small process stages.

- Also in 2015 we provided a presentation at a conference about flame-retardant materials organised by the European Flame Retardants Association. Our presentation focused on the results of a study into threshold values for flame retardants in our plastic fractions.

- In April 2015, ARN took part in the AutoRAI (Amsterdam International Motor Show), the largest automotive event in the Netherlands. At the show, we handed out LIFE+ brochures with a description of our project and talked to visitors about the recycling of end-of-life vehicles by ARN. The LIFE+ logo was continuously featured in the short film about car recycling. Watch this film at www.arn.nl/lifeplus.

• ‘Closing the loop for end-of-life vehicle fibres’, [Recycling International, March 2015]

• ‘Innovating the ELV plastics loop’,

[Recycling International, April 2015].

• ‘The ELV plastics puzzle’, [Scrap Magazine, May/June 2015]

• ‘Making the best out of ELV minerals’ [Recycling International, Augustus 2015]

• ‘Post Shredder Technology nood­

zakelijk om te voldoen aan Europese recyclingeisen autowrakken’ (‘Post Shredder Technology essential to comply with European recycling requirements for end-of-life vehicles’) [Vakblad Afval, August 2015]

• Hier ligt uw oude auto (This is your old car) (Regional newspapers, 22 May 2014)

Visits and tours of the PST plant ARN actively shares its knowledge and experience of Post Shredder Technology (PST) with others. Every year, for example, we offer large numbers of visitors a tour of our production line. The PST plant indeed enjoys considerable worldwide interest. Delegations from many countries have visited the plant, including government representatives from Norway, Greece, Spain, Russia and Brazil. Representatives from the automotive and recycling sector and from universities and research institutions are regular visitors at the plant. On average, we open the plant in Tiel to visitors, including individual citizens with an interest in recycling, two to three times a month, where they receive a tour and information about the work of the plant.

ARN also uses a variety of other channels for publishing information about the PST plant, including: • News articles via the digital newsletter and on www.arn.nl • ARN Sustainability Report 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 • Magazine 95, addressed to the business relations of ARN • ARN brochure: ARN voorbeeldfunctie bij realiseren 95% recycling auto’s (ARN example role in achieving 95% car recycling) (2012)

Newsletters and website ARN sends digital and paper newsletters to its stakeholders including automotive manufacturers and government representatives, to keep them up to date on the progress of the project. These newsletters provide information about the development of the production line, the operating results of the PST plant, newly developed markets and recycling targets. As part of the LIFE+ project, ARN has also launched a website: www.arn.nl/lifeplus. This site contains information about the targets, activities, progress and results of the project. The site also features press releases, newsletters and annual reports.

In the ARN Sustainability Report published each year since 2011, we provide a detailed description of the progress of the LIFE+ project in the PST plant. The sustainability reports are widely distributed and well read.

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Stakeholders

European Commission and national governments Automotive shredder residue (ASR) processing using Post Shredder Technology will make an important contribution to achieving the European 95% recycling target.

Automotive manufacturers Automotive manufacturers bear manufacturer’s responsibility and must

join the recycling sector in achieving the recycling targets from the ELV Directive.

Recycling industry The recycling industry must develop innovative solutions for achieving the recycling targets.

Potential end users of the materials generated by Post Shredder Technology

Project partners The project partners in the LIFE+ project are ARN Recycling B.V. and ARN Holding B.V. ARN Holding B.V. is a 100% subsi­ diary of Stichting Auto & Recycling, established by the sector organisations BOVAG, Vereniging FOCWA Schade­ herstel, RAI Vereniging and Stiba.

ARN Recycling B.V. is a 100% subsidiary of ARN Holding B.V. ARN Recycling B.V. is the owner of the PST plant and carries out work in relation to the car recycling targets.

ARN is constantly searching for cooperation opportunities with end users to encourage the market to identify applications for retrieving materials from the PST plant.

Society Society will benefit from the highest possible level of material reuse, and a clean environment.

Employees of ARN Holding B.V. and ARN Recycling B.V. have contributed to the LIFE+ project in respect of the development of sales channels for the end fractions and the active sharing of knowledge about the PST plant.

Abbreviations and definitions ASR End-of-Life Vehicles Directive Bba

Automotive Shredder Residue European Directive 2000/53/EC on end-of-life vehicles, implemented in the Netherlands via the Bba.

Besluit beheer autowrakken (End-of-Life Vehicles (Management) Decree). Decree of 24 May 2002 implementing European Directive no. 2000/53/EC (ELV Directive). The Decree describes the recycling target that must be achieved and reported on.

Sector organisation for operators in the mobility sector.

The use of flammable waste for generating energy through direct incineration with or without other waste materials, with heat recovery; in for example the cement industry and CHP power stations.

International standard for environmental protection systems within organisations.

European Directive 2008/98/EC, focusing on the prevention, recycling and processing of waste, the retrieval of raw materials and possible energy recovery, and any other process for the reuse of waste.

Subsidy programme of the European Union intended for the development and implementation of European nature and environmental policy.

The complete use of materials retrieved from shredder waste.

Post Shredder Technology.

Plant where useful materials are retrieved from shredder waste using mechanical post separation methods.

Sector association of manufacturers and importers of Road vehicles.

Statutory recycling obligation introduced on 1 January 2015 for recycling 95% of an end-of-life vehicle by weight according to the European ELV Directive. At least 85% must be in form of material reuse. The remaining 10% may consist of useful application, for example energy recovery via incineration.

European Directive 1999/31/EC on the landfill of waste, implemented in the Netherlands in the National Waste Management Plan 2009-2021 (LAP).

Dutch abbreviation for stainless steel Grinding end-of-life vehicles.

Installation in which end-of-life vehicles are ground (shredded) resulting in the retrieval of metals.

Materials that remain following disassembly and shredding of an end-of-life vehicle.

Practical test to determine precisely the amount of recycling according to detailed rules and to determine whether the 95% recycling target has been achieved.

Sector organisation of certified vehicle dismantling companies.

Sector organisation for damage repair companies.

BOVAG Energy recovery ISO 14001 Waste Framework Directive LIFE+ Material reuse PST PST plant RAI Association Recycling target

Landfill Directive RVS Shredding Shredder Shredder waste Shredder trial Stiba Vereniging FOCWA Schadeherstel 15

Contact ARN De Entree 258 1100 AG Amsterdam Netherlands T +31 20 6613181 E-mail info@arn.nl (Also for requests for visits and tours) Twitter @ARN_BV Internet www.arn.nl ARN Recycling / PST plant Biezenwei 3 4004 MB Tiel Telefoon +31 344 636850 E-mail info@arn.nl (Also for requests for visits and tours) Internet ARN Recycling / PST plant http://www.arn.nl/en/ materials-and-applications/ pst-plant/ ARN en LIFE+ http://www.arn.nl/en/ lifeplus/ BlueRoots (new application for minerals) www.blueroots.nl

Colophon Publisher ARN Recycling Biezenwei 3, 4004 MB Tiel Project Manager LIFE+ Angelina Molenaar Officer with final responsibility for LIFE+ Hans van de Greef Text VanderHeijden Communications Yvonne van der Heijden Final editing ARN: Femke Jacobs Sabel Communicatie, Bilthoven Design Sabel Communicatie, Bilthoven Photography Corbino: Maarten Corbijn Infographics Michel Giezen Print Dunnebier Print & Marketing

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