Moulana abu ssabah

auem\m A_p- -_mlv AlvaZv Aen (c-≠mw ]Xn-∏v)

]n.-ap-l-ΩZv Ip´-t»cn

{]km-[\w:

s{Kbvkv FPyp-t°-jW - ¬ Atkm-kn-tb-j≥

Malayalam Nethrusmrithi - 5

MOULANA ABUSSABAH AHMAD ALI (Biography) by

P.Mohammed Kuttassery General Editor P.A.Rasheed All rights reserved First Edition : March 2012 Second Edition : May 2014 Published by Grace Educational Association PB No. 3, Malappuram Dist. 676 317 DTP : Appletalk, Kozhikode Cover : enteradvt, Calicut Printed at Red Star,Kozhikode Distributers Grace Books Camp Sayyid, PB No. 3 Malappuram Dist. 676317 9895114673 80

{]km-[-I-°p-dn∏v auem\m A_p- -_mlv Al-Ω-Zv Aen(1906-˛1971) tIc-f-Øns‚ hnZym-`ym-k-N-cn-{X-Øn¬ Hcn-°epw ad-°m≥ ]mSn-√mØ \ma-t[-b-amWv. ]≈n-Z¿kp-I-fn¬ {]mY-an-I-]-T\w ]q¿Øn-bm-°n, A¬-A-kvl¿ k¿Δ-I-em-im-e-bn¬ \n∂p _ncpZw t\Sn, Zo¿L-amb temI-k-©mcw \SØn, HSp-hn¬ ^tdm-°n¬ du-fØq¬ Deq-an-s‚bpw ^mdqJv tImtfPn-s‚-bpw DZ-b-Øn\p I¿Ω-km£yw hln® A_p-k-_mlv auehn A£-cm¿∞-Øn¬ hn`m-X-Øns‚ hn[m-Xm-hm-bn. tIc-f-apkvenwI-fpsS ]ptcm- K - X n- b psS ]mX- b n¬ A_p- k - _ mlv Hcp hnf- ° p- a - c - a mbn \n¬°p∂p.

At±-l-Øns‚ {]nb-in-jy\pw k¥-X-k-l-Nm-cn-bp-am-bn-cp∂ dufØp¬ Deqw Ad-_n-tIm-tfPv ap≥ {]n≥kn-∏¬ ]n. apl-ΩZv Ip´-t»-cnbmWv Cu eLp-{K-Ÿ-Øns‚ cN\ \n¿h-ln-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. hnZym-`ymk-kmw-kv°m-cnI cwKØv Hcp Zim-_vZ-ambn {]h¿Øn-°p∂ s{Kbvkv FPp-t°-j-W¬ Atkm-kn-tb-j≥ ]mc-º-cy-]-T-\-Øns‚ `mK-ambn Gs‰-SpØ s{]mP-IvSp-I-fn¬ H∂mWv "t\Xr-kvar-Xn'. Cu ]c-º-c-bnse A©m-asØ ]pkvX-I-am-Wn-Xv. "t\Xr-kvarXn" ]c-ºc ae-bm-fn-hm-b-\-°m¿ Xmev]-cy-]q¿Δw kzoIcn-°p∂p F∂Xv Nmcn-Xm¿∞y-P-\-I-am-Wv. Zo¿L-Ime {]k-‡n-bp≈ aqey-ß-fpsS Poh¬am-Xr-I-Iƒ ]pXp-X-e-ap-dbv°p ssIam-dm-\p≈ Cu Ffn-b -{i-asØ t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°psa∂p {]Xo-£n-°p∂p. s{Kbvkv FPp-t°-jW¬ Atkm-kn-tb-j≥

s{]m^.-ap-l-ΩZv Ip´-t»cn 1936 Pqembv H∂n\v ae- ∏ pdw Pn√- b n¬ at©- c n- ° - S pØv Ff-wIq¿ Awi-Ønse Ip´-t»-cn-bn¬ P\n-®p. ]nXmhv ]pØq-°c IΩpÆn aue-hn, amXmhv kn.-_o-ø-°p´n DΩ. dufØp¬ Deq-an¬ \n∂v A^vk-ep¬ Deam ]m m-bn. 1963 AhnsS A[ym-]-I-\m-bn. 1979 apX¬ 1996¬ hnc-an-°p-∂Xv hsc {]n≥kn- ∏ mƒ. bq\n- t h- g vkn‰n sk\- ‰ v, t_m¿Uv Hm^v Ã-Uokv F∂n-h-bnepw hnhn[ hnZym-`ymk kan-Xn-I-fnepw AwKam-bn-cp-∂p.

15 {KŸ-ß-fpsS I¿Ømhv. 45 h¿j-ambn tdUntbm {]`m-j-I≥. hnhn[ tZiob A¥¿tZ-iob skan-\m-dp-I-fn¬ {]_-‘-߃ Ah- X - c n- ∏ n- ® p. A°m- Z an t^m¿ ÃUokv B≥Uv dnk¿®v sNb¿am≥, du-f-Øp¬ Deqw Atkm-kn-tb-j≥ \n¿hm-lI kanXn AwKw, CkvemanI hn⁄m\ tImiw D]-tZ-iI kanXn AwKw XpSßn \nc-h[n ÿm\-߃ hln-°p-∂p. {]ikvX ]fin-X≥ Aco-t°mSv F≥.-hn.-A-_vZp- emw aue-hnbpsS aIƒ F≥.-hn.-B-knb (dn-´. Ad_n A[ym-]n-I) bmWv `mcy. a°ƒ Abva≥ iuJn, AZo_v ^¿lm≥, _mkn-a, tUm.\Pvh. acp-a-°ƒ : k\nø ap´n¬, Xkvenb Aco-t°m-Sv, A_vZp emw tamßw, tUm.-dp-Iv\p-±o≥ Ja-dp-ss√kv samd-bq¿. hnemkw: Ip´-t»cn lukv ^mdqJv tImtfPv ]n.H ]n≥: 673632 t^m¨: 0495 2440782

BapJw DΩ As√-¶n¬ AΩ F∂v ]d-bp-tºmƒ D≈n¬ \nd™p \n¬°p∂ hnIm-c-ßsf hm°p-I-fn-eqsS {]I-Sn-∏n-°m≥ Ign-bptam? Kpcp-hns\ Hm¿°p-tºmgpw CtX A\p-`hw Xs∂-bmWv a\- n¬. auem\m A_p -_mlv AlvaZv Aen F∂ Kpcp-hn-t\m-sSm∏w 14 h¿jw Ign®p IqSnb Hcp injys‚ D≈n¬ ]Xn™ Nn{X-ß-fmWv Cu ]pkvX-I-Øn¬. B alm-i-bs‚ kw`-h-_-lp-e-amb PohnXw ]q¿W-ambn A\m-h-cWw sNøm≥ Hcp _rlXv {KŸw Xs∂ th≠n hcpw. Cu sIm®p ]pkvXIw AXn-te-°p≈ Hcp PmeIw am{Xw. At±-l-Øns‚ ap∏Xv h¿jsØ A[ym-]I PohnXw hm¿Øp-hn´ \qdp-°-W-°n¬ injy-∑m-cn¬ Hcmƒ am{X-amWv Rm≥. F∂m¬ hniz-kvX-\mb ss{]h‰v sk{I-´-dn-sb-t∏mse At±-lsØ A\p-K-an-°m≥ F\n°v Ah-kcw e`n-®p. Fs‚ hy‡n-XzsØbpw Nn¥m-K-Xn-sbbpw cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn¬ G‰hpw A[nIw kzm[o\n® alm-]-fin-X≥.

A_p- -_mlv! t]cv A\z¿∞-am°pw hn[w tIc-f-Øn¬ hnZym-`ymk cwKØv Hcp ]pXnb {]`mXw krjvSn® DZ-b-kq-cy≥. XnI™ aX-]mfin-Xyhpw hnZym-`ymk ]cn-jv°-cW {]h¿Ø-\hpw ka-\z-bn-∏n® A]q¿Δ hy‡n-Xzw. aX-]-c-amb X¿°-ß-fn¬ \ns∂√mw AI∂v \n∂v tkh-\-Øn\v PohnXw Dgn-™p-sh® I¿a-tbm-Kn. At±lw hnX-dnb shfn®-Øn¬ hgn Is≠Øn F{Xtbm t]¿ D∂XnbpsS ]S-hp-Iƒ Ib-dn˛ aX-k-ap-Zmb t`Z-a-t\y. tIc-f-Ønse k¿ køn-Zmbn Ncn{Xw At±-lsØ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn. ]t£, A_p- -_mlv Ncn-{X-Øn¬ A[n-I-sam∂pw N¿® sNø-s∏-´n√ F∂Xv Hcp ZpxJ-k-Xyw. kwL-S-\-Iƒ°-Xo-X-\mbn \nesIm-≠Xv Hcp Imc-W-am-Imw. Xs‚ Ime-L-´-Ønse kap-∂-X-cmb t\Xm°-fp-sSbpw {]K-¤-a-Xn-I-fp-sSbpw BZ-chpw kvt\lhpw kºm-Zn-°m≥ Ign™ At±lw Ah-cpsS Ncn-{X-Øns‚ Hcp `mK-am-bn. duk-ØpDeqw Ad-_n-t°m-tfPpw ^mdqJv tImtfPpw Imº-knse a‰p al-Ømb hnZym-`ymk ÿm]-\-ßfpw akvPn-Zp¬ Akvl-dp-sa√mw F∂pw At±-

l-Øns‚ alXzw hnfn-t®m-Xn-s°m-≠n-cn°pw. auem-\m-bpsS Poh-N-cn{Xw kaq-l-Øn\v ka¿∏n-°m≥ apt∂m´v h∂ s{Kbvkns\ A\p-tam-Zn-°p-∂p. AXns‚ P\-d¬ sk{I-´dn kønZv Aivd^v Xß-fp-sSbpw Imen-°‰v bq\n-th-gvkn‰n kn.-F-®v.-ap-l-ΩZv tImb sNb¿ Ub-d-IvS¿ ]n.-F.-d-jo-Zn-s‚bpw kvt\l-]q¿W-amb \n¿_-‘Øn\v Rm≥ hg-ßp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. auem\m A_p- -_m-lns‚ hntbmKw kw`-hn®v \m¬]Øn H∂v h¿j-ambn XpS-cp∂ Hcp iq\yX \nI-Øm≥ Ch¿ \nan-Ø-am-bXv Hcp \ntbm-Kw. Ncn{X tcJ-Iƒ kq£n-°p∂ A_vZp-dlvam≥ aßm-Sns‚ klmbw ChnsS \μn-]q¿hw kvacn-°p-∂p.

A_p- -_m-lns\ amXr-I-bm°n ]pXnb {]`m-X-߃ krjvSn-°m≥ Cu ]pkvXIw Xe-apd°v {]tNm-Z-\-ta-Is´ F∂v {]m¿∞n-°p-∂p. s{]m^.-ap-l-ΩZv Ip´-t»cn ^mdqJv tImtfPv 1.3.2012

Ah-Xm-cnI ae_mdns‚ hnZym-`ym-k-N-cn-{X-Øn¬ Hcp \mgn-I-°-√m-Wv 1948 ¬ ^mdqJv tImtf-Pns‚ ]nd-hn. Fs‚ A`n-h-μy-\mb t\Xmhv sI. Fw. koXn-km-ln_v CXns‚ XpS°w apX¬ 1961 ¬ ac-W-s∏-Sp-∂Xv hsc ^mdqJv tImtfPv amt\-PnwKv IΩn-‰n-bpsS sk{I-´-dn-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

At±lw BZcthmsS Ft∏mgpw ]d-bm-dp≈ hy‡n-bmWv A_p- _mlv AlΩZen aue-hn. hy‡n-]-c-ambn F\n°p A_p- _mlpambn ASpØ _‘-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-s√-¶nepw tIc-f-Øns‚ hnZym-`ym-k]p-tcm-K-Xn-bp-ambn _‘-s∏´v At±lw sNbvX hne-s∏´ tkh-\-ßsf ASpØv \n∂v ImWm≥ F\n°v Ah-kcw e`n-®n-´p≠v.

A_p _mlns‚ Poh-N-cn{Xw Ipd®p sshIn-bm-sW-¶nepw ]pdØv hcn-I-bm-Wv. At±-l-Øns‚ {]nb¶c-\mb injy\pw {]ikvX ]WvUn-X-\p-amb ]n. apl-ΩZv Ip´-t»-cn-bpsS A\p-Kr-loXXqen-I-bn\n∂mWv Cu IrXn \ap°p e`n-°p-∂-Xv. ^mdqJv tImtf-Pn-t‚bpw AXns‚ ]nd-hn°v Imc-W-amb duf-Øq¬ Deq-an-t‚bpw {]tNm-Z-\-_nμp-hmb A_p- _mlv Al-Ω-Zen auehn A\p-kva-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv G‰hpw BÀm-Z-I-c-am-Wv. kzmX- { ¥y- ] q¿Δ- I m- e - L - ´ - Ø n- e pw XpS¿∂pw {]apJ apkv e nw t\Xm- ° - f p- a mbn A_p- lm- _ n\p ASpØ _‘- a p- ≠ m- b n- c p- ∂ p. auem\m apl-Ω-Z-en-bpsS D]-tZiw kzoI-cn-®p-sIm≠v ae-_m¿ {]h¿Ø\- tI{μ-ambn sXc-s™-SpØ A_p- lm-_v auehn B ImeØv Akm[y-am-bn-cp∂ ZuXyw km[y-am-°nb [nj-Wm-im-en-bm-Wv. Id-I-f™ aX-`-‡nbpw hnZym-`ym-k-Nn-¥bpw ]mWvUn-Xyhpw HØn-W-ßnb Akpe-`-hy-‡n-Xz-amWv A_p- _mln-t‚-Xv. apkvenw kap-Zm-b-Øns‚ ]ptcm-K-Xn°p hgn-Im-´n-bm-bn-Øo¿∂ A_p- -_m-lns‚ PohnXw ]pXnb-X-e-ap-d Xo¿®-bmbpw ]Tn-°-Ww. _lp-am-\y-\mb Ip´-t»cn Hcp alZvI¿Ω-amWv \n¿h-ln-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. C∂p B[p-\nI hnZym-`ymkw A\p-£-W- hn-Im-k-Øns‚ ]mXbn-em-Wv. ]pXnb temI-km-l-N-cy-ß-fn¬ imkv{X-˛-km-t¶-XnI hnZy-

bpsS {]Nmcw Adn-hn\pw AXns‚ {]tbmK-Øn\pw ]pXnb am\-߃ \¬Ip-∂p. Adnhv D]-tbmK-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xnse aqey-t_m-[-Øns‚ A\nhm-cy-X-bn-te-°mWv Imcy-߃ \oßp∂-Xv. icn-bmb aX-[m¿Ωn-I-t_m[-Øns‚ ASn-Ø-d-bn¬ am{Xta kmaq-ln-I-Po-hn-X-Øn\p \ne-\n¬°m≥ Ign-bq. aX-I-em-ebw Bcw-`n-°p-Ibpw AXns\ XpS¿∂p ^Ãv t{KUv tImtfPv Db¿Øp-Ibpw sNbvX A_p- -_m-lns‚ amXrI G‰hpw hne-s∏-´-Xm-Wv. "hn⁄m-\-Øns‚ ]q¶m-h\w' F∂mWv At±lw ÿm]-\-Øn\p t]cn-´-Xv. B[p-\nI Iem-e-b-ap-b¿∂-t∏mƒ AXn\p "^mdqJv" F∂p \ma-I-cWw sNbvXp. AXy-p∂-X-amb Ncn-{X-t_m-[hpw ⁄mt\m-]m-k-\bpw CXn¬ XpSn-°p-∂Xv ImWmw. hnZym-`ym-k-Nn-¥-I-cn¬ temtIm-Øc hy‡n-I-tfm-sSm∏w ÿm\ap-f-f {]Xn-`m-kº∂\mWv A_q-k-_m-lv. dufØp¬-D-eqapw ^mdqJv tImtfPpw AXns‚ Pohn-°p∂ \nZ¿i-\ß-fm-Wv. {]K-¤-cmb At\Iw injy-∑m-cp≈ A_q-k-_m-lns‚ I¿Ω-a-WvUew C∂p temI-sØ-hnsSbpw \nd-™p-\n¬°p-∂p. ae-bm-f-Øns‚ alm-\mb Cu a\ojnsb ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ Cu {KŸw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn¬ F\n°p AXnbmb Nmcn-Xm¿∞y-ap-≠v.

C. Al-ΩZv \yqU¬ln 28.2.2012

D≈-S°w 1.

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{]`m-X-∏n-d-hn°v apºv A_p- -_mlv: tIcfw apX¬ ssItdm hsc C¥y-bn¬ Np‰n-°-dßn Im´nse Kpl-bnhnZym-Zo-]-hp-ambn ae-∏pdw aÆnSn∏p-hns‚ ^mdq-Jm-_m-Zn¬ hn⁄m\ ]q¶m-h\w ^mdqJv tImtfPv : kap-Zm-b-Øns‚ {]Im-i-tKm-]pcw hn⁄m-\-∏q-¶m-h-\-Øns‚ hnkva-b-I-c-amb hf¿® A_p- -_m-lns‚ hy‡nXz hnti-j-߃ Cu {]`m-X-Øn\v AkvX-a-b-an√

11 20 26 32 37 41 47 53 62

A\p-_‘w Ckvem-anse \a-kv°mcw 67 duk-Øp¬ Depw ]q¿Δ-hn-Zym¿∞n-I-tfmSv Hcp-]-tZiw 84

1. {]`m-X-∏n-d-hn°v apºv A_p- -_mlv {]`m-X-Øns‚ hn[m-Xmhv tIc-f-Øn¬ hn⁄m-\-Øns‚ ]pXnb {]`mXw krjvSn® ]finX kqcy-\t{X auem\m A_p _mlv AlvaZv Aen. At±lw F{Xbmbncw a\- p-I-fn¬ Adn-hns‚ Zo]vXn ]I¿∂p. A_p- -_mlv \´ph-f¿Ønb "]q¶m-h\w' C∂v IuXpI]pjv]-ßfpw sNSn-Ifpw \nd™v hnkvabImgvN-bmbn amdn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Xe-ap-d-Iƒ°v shfn-®-taIn ImemXo-X-ambn \ne-sIm-≈p∂ {]ImitKm]p-c-am-W-t±-lw. hnZym-`ymk \thm∞m\\mb-I≥. {]`mXw hcnI Ccp-´n\v tij-am-Wv. ]pe-cn-bpsS XpSn∏pw kuμ-cyhpw Adn-b-W-sa-¶n¬ AXv ]nd°pw apºsØ Ccp≠ A¥-co£w ImWWw. A_p- -_m-lns‚ BK-a\w hsc-bp≈ tIc-f-Ønse apkvenw kaql-Øns‚ Hcp Nn{Xw ChnsS Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-I-bm-Wv. tIc-f-Øn¬ Ckvemans‚ Bhn¿`mhw tIc-f-Øn¬ Ckvemans‚ Bhn¿`mhw apX¬ ChnsS Bcw-`n-°s´: apl-ΩZv \_n-bpsS ImeØv Xs∂ ChnsS Ckvemw {]N-cn®p F∂XmWv {]_-e-amb Ncn-{Xw. Ad-_n-Iƒ ]≠v Imew apX¬°v Xs∂ hmWn-Pym-h-iy-߃°mbn tIc-f-Øn¬ hcm-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. sImSp-ß√qcn¬ h∂n-d-ßnb Hcp Ad_n I®-hS kwL-Øn¬ \n∂v A∂sØ cmPm-hmb tNc-am≥ s]cp-amƒ N{I-h¿Øn \_n-sb-∏‰n tI´-dn™v At±l-Øn¬ hniz-kn-®p. kwLw Xncn®p t]mIp-tºmƒ \_nsb ImWm≥ th≠n a°-bn-te°v Ahsc A\pKan-®p. \_nsb Z¿in®v amen-Ip_v\p Zo\m-dns‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn-ep≈ 44 AwK {]t_m-[\ kwL-tØm-sSm∏w

]n.-ap-l-ΩZv Ip´-t»cn

aS-ßth hgn at≤y \ncym-X-\m-bn. sImSp-ß-√q-cn¬ I∏-en-d-ßnb kwLw s]cp-am-fpsS IØv `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn°v \¬In. At±lw Ah¿°v AhnsS ]≈n ]Wn-bm≥ `qanbpw hkvXp-°fpw \¬In. anj-\-dn-am-cmbn h∂ Ad-_n-Iƒ aX-]{]t_m-[-\-Øn¬ G¿s∏-´p. sImSp-ß-√q¿, sIm√w, Nmenbw, ]¥-em-bn-\n, [¿a-Sw, {ioI-WvT-]pcw Ggn-a-e, Imk¿tKm-Uv, awK-em-]pcw F∂o {]tZ-i-ß-fn¬ ]≈n-Iƒ ]Wn-Xp. Ah-cpsS {]h¿Ø\-^-e-ambn [mcmfw t]¿ Ckvemw aXw kzoI-cn-®p. Ah-cpsS kXy-k‘-X-bn-ep≈ hnizm-khpw s]cp-am-‰-Øns‚ BI¿j-Wo-b-Xbpw P\ß-fn¬ Ah¿°v kzoIm-cyX e`n-°m≥ Imc-W-am-bn. ]pdsa Ad-_n-Ifp-ambn hmWn-Py-_-‘-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂ tIc-fo-b¿°v Ah-cpsS km∂n[yw A\n-hm-cy-am-bn-cp-∂p. cmP-Ip-Spw-_ß - f - n¬ \n∂v t]mepw aX-]c - n-h¿Ø\w \S-∂p. Ad_nIfpsS aXw kzoI-cn-°p-∂-tXm-sSm∏w Ah¿°v Xß-fpsS s]¨Ip-´n-Isf hnhmlw sNbvXp sImSp-°p-∂-Xnepw tIc-fo-b¿ X¬]c-cm-bn-cp-∂p. D®-\o-NXzw \ne-hn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ A°m-eØv aXw amdnbm¬ Abn-Ø-an-√msX am\y-ambn Pohn-°m-sa∂ Ah-ÿbpw [mcm-f°W°n¬ aX-]-cn-h¿Ø\w \S-°m≥ Imc-W-am-bn. tIm´-°tema\- Ip-™m-en°v Xnøcpw \mbcpw H∂p-t]m-se.

F∂ \mS≥ ]m´ns‚ hcn-Iƒ Cu kaXz`mh-amWv kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. tIc-f-Ønse \m´p-cm-Pm-°-∑m-cpsS sIm´m-c-Øn¬ apkvenwIƒ°v henb ÿm\-am-Wp-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. apkvenwIfpsS klm-b-tØm-sS-bmWv tImgn-t°ms´ kmaq-Xncn cmPmhv Z£n-tW-¥y-bnse G‰hpw henb ssk\nI i‡n-bmbn hf¿∂-Xv. Ad-_n-°-∏-ep-I-fn¬ Poh-\-°msc \nban-°p-tºmƒ Ah¿°v aX-]-cn-h¿Ø-\-Øn-\p≈ kzmX-{¥yhpw \¬Inbn-cp-∂p. Hcp apkvenan\v kmaq-Xn-cn-tbm-sSm∏w Ccn-°p-∂-Xn\v Hcp XS -hp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. \mb¿t°m IogvPmXn-°m¿t°m AXv A\p-h-Zn®n-cp-∂n-√. s]m∂m-\n-bnse aJvZqap-Iƒ kmaq-Xn-cn-bpsS D]-tZjvSm°fm-bn-cp-∂p. apkvenwIfpsS i‡n-bpsS sXfn-hmWv Ad-°¬ cmP-hw-iØns‚ ]ndhn Xs∂.

hnZym-`ym-k-cw-KsØ apt∂‰w tIc-f-Øn¬ apkvenwIfpsS hf¿®-°-\p-k-cn®v Ah¿°v hnZym-`ymk-cw-KØpw apt∂-‰-ap-≠m-bn. ]≈n-I-tfm-S-\p-_-‘n® Z¿kp-I-fm-bn-cp∂p BZy-Im-esØ hnZym-]o-T-߃. ]Xn-\©mw \q‰m-≠n¬ ae-_m-dnkμ¿i\w \S-Ønb {]kn≤ Ncn-{X-Im-c≥ C_v\p _XqX Ggn-a-ebn¬ I≠ Hcp Z¿kn-s\-∏‰n Cßs\ hnh-cn-°p-∂p. ""Cu ]≈n-bnhn⁄m-\-k-ºm-Z-\-Øn¬ G¿s∏´ Hcp Iq´w hnZym¿∞n-I-fp-≠v. Ah¿°v ]≈n kzØn¬ \n∂v thX\w \¬Ip-∂p. ]≈n-tbm-S-\p-_-‘n®v Hcp 12

t\Xr-kvarXn

auem\m A_p- -_mlv AlvaZv Aen

ASp-°-f-bp-≠v. AhnsS hcp∂h¿°pw t]mIp-∂-h¿°p-sa√mw th≠nbpw apkvenw km[p-°-fpsS ]´nWn Xo¿°m\pw `£Ww ]mIw sNøp-∂p.'' s]m∂m-\n-bnse Z¿kn\v Hcp k¿h-I-em-im-e-bpsS ÿm\-am-Wp-≠m-bncp-∂-Xv. Ahn-S∂p ]T\w ]q¿Øn-bm°n ]pdØp hcp-∂-h-cm-bn-cp∂p hnhn[ ]≈n-I-fn¬ A[ym-]-I-cmbn h¿Øn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. Nmen-b-am-bn-cp∂p XpS-°-Øn¬ ssh⁄m-\nI {]h¿Ø-\-Øns‚ tI{μw. Nmen-bsØ {]Ya Jmfn amenIv C_v\p Zo\m-dns‚ ]u{X≥ apl-ΩZv C_v\p amenIv Bbn-cp-∂p. 1871 ¬ hmg-°m´v Bcw-`n® Z¿kv ]n¬°m-eØv Hcp \thm∞m\ tI{μ-ambn hnI-kn®p F∂v ]d-bmw. sImS-ß√ - q¿, sX°≥ sIm√w, tImgn-t°mSv, Nmen-bw, s]m∂m-\n, ]¥-em-bn\n sIm√w, [¿a-Sw, hS-Ic, IÆq¿, hf-]-´-Ww, amSm-bn, Ggn-a-e, {ioI-WvT-]p-cw, Imk¿tKm-Uv, awK-em-]pcw F∂n-h-bm-bn-cp∂pht√m {]mNo\ apkvenw tI{μ-߃. Chbp-ambn _‘-s∏´ ]e ]≈n-I-fnepw D∂X \ne-hm-c-Øn-ep≈ Z¿kp-Ifp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. CØcw Z¿kp-I-fn¬ ico-AØv hn⁄m-\-߃°v ]pdsa `qan-im-kv{Xw, tKmf-im-kv{Xw, X¿°-im-kv{Xw, sshZy-imkv{Xw XpS-ßnb-hbpw A`y-kn-®n-cp-∂p. Nne {]tZ-i-ß-fn¬ sshZy≥ F∂m¬ apkvenw F∂mWv A¿∞-am-°n-bn-cp-∂-X-s{X.

Ad_n kmlnXyw Ad_n kmln-Xy-cw-KØpw apkvenwIƒ anI® ]ptcm-KXn t\Sn. ]Xn\memw \q‰m-≠n¬ Pohn® Nmen-bsØ Jmfn ssk\p-±o≥ da-Zm≥ XkΔp-^n¬ cNn® {KŸ-amWv BZysØ Ad_n {KŸ-sa∂v ]dbs∏-Sp∂p. lnPvd 1159 ¬ tImgn-t°m-s´-Ønb ssiJp_v\p apl-Ω-Zp¬ Pn^vcnbpsS {][m-\-Ir-Xn-bmWv I≥kp¬ _dm-lo≥. kønZv ^Zvep¬ Pn^vdn {_n´o-jp-Im¿s°Xn-cn¬ s]mcp-Xm≥ Blzm\w sNbvXv sIm≠v "Ass ^p¬ _Øm¿' cNn-®p. ln.1025-˛¬ A¥-cn® Jmfn apl-ΩZv cNn® "aplvbn±o≥ ame' `mjm-]n-Xm-hmb Xp©-sØ-gp-Ø-—s‚ A≤ym-fl-cmam-b-W-tØ-°mƒ A©p h¿jw ]g-°-ap≈ IrXn-bm-Wv. At±-l-Øns‚ Ad-_n-Im-hy-amb "^Xvlp¬ ap_o≥' ]d-¶n-Iƒs°-Xn-cn¬ apkvenwIsf klm-bn® kmaq-Xn-cn-∏m-Sns‚ A]-Zm-\-ßsf h¿Wn-°p-∂Xpw kap-Zmb kulm¿Z-Øns‚ ktμiw Pzen-∏n-°p-∂-Xp-am-Wv. thsdbpw ap∏-tXmfw {KŸ-߃ At±lw cNn-®n-´p-≠v. aJvZpw AlvaZv ssk\p-±o≥ (ln.1028) cNn® Xplv^-Øp¬ apPm-ln-Zo≥ temI-{]-kn-≤-hpw temI-`m-j-I-fn-te°v hnh¿Ø\w sNø-s∏-´-Xp-amb IrXn-bm-Wv. s]m∂m\n \nc-h[n Ad_n {KŸ-Im-c-∑msc kw`m-h\ sNbvXn-´p-≠v. tIc-f-Ønse Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ ]pcm-X\ Ad_n Ihn-bmWv A_q-_-I¿ C_v\p da-Zm≥ Nmen-bmXo ({In.1521). henb ssk\p-±o≥ F∂ t]cn-e-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ ssk\p-Zo≥ C_v\p Aenbpw hne-s∏´ ]e {KŸ-ßfpw cNn-®n-´p-≠v. Cßs\ tIc13

]n.-ap-l-ΩZv Ip´-t»cn

f-Øn¬ {KŸ cN\\S-Ønb \nc-h[n ]fin-X-∑m-cp-≠v. Ah-cn¬ Nne¿ a°-bnepw CuPn-]vXnepw D]-cn-]-T\w \S-Øn-bn-cp-∂p.

t]m¿®p-Kokv B{I-aWw Ggp-\q-‰-≠p-Iƒ Cßs\ tIc-f-Ønse apkvenwIƒ ssh⁄m-\n-I˛-km-º-ØnI cwK-ß-fn¬ anIhv ]pe¿Øn Ign-™p. CXc P\-hn-`m-Kß- f p- a mbn kulrZw ]pe¿Ønbpw `c- W m- [ n- I m- c n- I - f psS aXn∏v B¿Pn®pw Pohn-®p. Aßs\ A¥- nepw kam-[m-\-Ønepw Ign-bp-tºmgmWv 1498-˛¬ hmkvtIm-Un-Kma tImgn-t°ms´ Im∏mSv I∏-en-d-ßp-∂-Xv. apkvenw kvs]bn≥ XI¿Øv ISpØ apkvenw hntcm-[-hp-ambn h∂ t]m¿®pKokp-Im¿°v apkvenwIfn¬ \n∂v kap{Z hym]mcw ]nSn-s®-SpØv Ahsc \in-∏n-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p e£yw. 240 lmPn-am-scbpw sIm≠v a°bn¬ \n∂v Xncn-®p-h-cn-I-bm-bn-cp∂ I∏-en\v Xo sImSpØv AXn-ep≈ apgp-h≥ lmPn-am-scbpw Nps´-cn-®p. t]m¿®p-Ko-kp-Im¿ apkvenwItfmSv sNbvX {Iqc-X-Iƒ ssiJv ssk\p-±o≥ Icƒ apdn™v IÆo-cmbn HgpIpw hn[w Xs‚ XqenI sIm≠v Cßs\ Nn{Xo-I-cn-°p∂p: ""F{Xsb{X D∂X Ipe-Pm-X-cmb kv{XoI-sf-bmWv Ah¿ XS-hp-Im-cm°n am\`w-K-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xv-˛ {InkvXy≥ Ip™p-߃°v P∑w \¬Im≥. F{Xsb{X køn-Zp-amscbpw ]fin-X-∑m-scbpw Ah¿ {Iqc]oU-\-߃°n-cbm-°n.'' H∂c \q‰m≠v Imew kmaq-Xn-cn-bpsS \mhn-I-∏-S-bpsS \mbIXzw hln-°p-Ibpw t]m¿®p-Ko-kp-Im-tcmSv ]S-s]m-cp-Xp-Ibpw sNbvX Ip™m-en-a-c-°m¿s°-Xn-cn¬ kmaq-Xn-cn-bn¬ hntcm[w hf¿Øm≥ t]m¿®pKokp-Im¿°v Ign-™p. Ip™men \mem-a-s\bpw Iq´p-Im-scbpw tKmh-bn-te°v sIm≠p-t]mbn h[n-®p. arX-tZlw IjvW-ß-fm°n ]e ÿe-ß-fnepw {]Z¿in-∏n-®p.

A[x-]-X-\-Øns‚ XpS°w Chn-S-∂-tßm´v apkvenwIfpsS A[x-]-X\w Bcw-`n-®p. Ah-cpsS I®h-S-°p-ØI \jvS-s∏-´p. D]-Po-h-\-am¿Kw tXSn {Kma-ß-fn-te°v \oßnb Ah¿ sNdnb I®-h-S-°mcpw I¿j-I-cp-am-bn. {_n´ojv B[n-]Xyw Bcw`n-®t- XmsS Ah-cpsS ]ptcm-KX - n°v th≠n {_n´o-jp-Im¿ H∂pw sNbvXn√. `c-W-Øns‚ XW-en¬ ss{IkvXh kaqlw A\p-Zn\w Db¿∂p sIm≠ncp∂p. apkvenwIƒ kmº-Øn-I-ambpw hnZym-`ym-k-]-c-ambpw ]nt∂m-°am-bn. F∂m¬ PmXn hyh-ÿ-bpsS ]oU-\-Øn¬ \n∂v c£-s∏-Sm≥ Xmgv∂ PmXn-°m¿ Iq´-tØmsS Ckvemante°v h∂p. ]t£ Ah¿°v Bh-iy-amb in£Ww \¬Im≥ apkvenwIƒ {ian-®n-√. AXn-\m¬ lnμpa-X-Ønse ]e ]gb BNm-c-ßfpw apkvenwIƒ Bb-Xn\v tijhpw Ah¿ \ne-\n¿Øn. CXv hnZym-`ym-k-]-c-amb ]nt∂m-°m-h-ÿ-°v ]p-dsa 14

t\Xr-kvarXn

auem\m A_p- -_mlv AlvaZv Aen

Ah¿°n-S-bn¬ A‘-hn-izm-k-߃ {]N-cn-°p-∂-Xn\pw Imc-W-am-bn. hnZy t\Sp-∂-Xn¬ \n∂v apkvenwIƒ _lp-Zqcw AI∂p. hnti-jn®pw kv I qƒ, tImtfPv hnZym- ` ym- k w. Cw•o- j n- t \mSv ISpØ hntcm[w ]pe¿Øn. Cw•ojv kvIqfn¬ Ip´nsb tN¿Ø amb≥ F∂v t]cp≈ Bsf "Im^¿ amb≥' F∂v hnfn-®n-cp∂p t]m¬. A∂sØ apkvenw ]nt∂m-°m-h-ÿ-sb-∏‰n temK≥ ae-_m¿ am\z-en¬ ]d-bp∂p: ""Hcp kapZm-b-sa∂ \ne-bn¬ Ah¿, apgp-h-\p-a-s√-¶nepw an°-hmdpw F√m-hcpw Xs∂ \nc-£-c-cm-Wv. Ah¿°v In´p∂ Htc Hcp hnZym-`ymkw Ad_n `mj-bn-ep≈ Jp¿-B-\nse Nne hN-\-߃ sNm√n tIƒ°p-∂Xv XØsb-t∏mse Dcp-hn-Sp-∂Xv am{X-am-Wv. lnμp-°f - psS ]≈n-°q-Sß - f - n¬ sN∂v apkvenwIƒ ]Tn-°p-∂-Xns\ apkvenw c£n-Xm-°ƒ A\p-h-Zn-°p-I-bn√.''

]nt∂m° kap-Zmbw temIw ]ptcm-K-an-°p-Ibpw Np‰p-ap≈ lnμp, {InkvXy≥ kaq-l-߃ hnZym-`ym-k-]-c-ambn Db-cp-Ibpw sNøp∂ kμ¿`-Øn¬ hnPvRm\-˛imkv{X cwKØv temI-Øn\v Xs∂ shfn®w \¬Inb apkvenwIfpsS ]n≥Km-an-Iƒ tIc-f-Øn¬ hnZym-`ym-k-tØmSpw imkv{X-]-T-\-tØmSpw G‰hpw ]ptcm-K-an® `mj-bmb Cw•o-jn-t\mSpw apJw Xncn®p \n∂p F∂Xv Ncn-{X-Ønse G‰hpw henb hntcm-[m-`m-k-am-bn-cp-∂p. kap-ZmbsØ D¬_p-≤X {]m]n-°m≥ t{]cn-∏n-t°≠ aX-]-fin-X-∑m¿ Ahsc hnZym-`ymkw t\Sp-∂-Xn¬ \n∂v ]n¥n-cn-∏n-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Cw•ojv \cI-Ønse `mj-bm-sW∂v Ah¿ P\-ßsf [cn-∏n-®p. apkvenw s]¨Ip´n-Iƒ°v Isø-gpØv ]Tn-∏n-°¬ ldmw BsW∂v ^Xvhm \¬In. CXns\sb√mw adn-I-S∂v kvIqfn¬ ]Tn®v Hcp s]¨Ip´n So®-dm-b-Xn\v tijw Ah-cpsS ]q¿hm-\p-`hw Cßs\ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p: ""Fs‚ _m∏ JØo_pw Cam-ap-am-bn-cp-∂p. ho´n-\-Sp-Øp≈ Hcp lnμp kvIqfn¬ At±lw Fs∂ tN¿Øp. JØo-_ns‚ aIƒ kvIqfn¬ ]Tn°p-∂-Xn¬ i‡-amb FXn¿∏v h∂p. Rm≥ ]T\w \ndp-Øn. ]ns∂ Hfn™pw adn™pw kvIqfn¬ t]m°v ]p\-cm-cw-`n-®p. kvIqƒ hoSn-\-SpØm-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶nepw Bcpw ImWm-Xn-cn-°m≥ hf™ hgn-bn-eqsS Hcp ]pg IS∂v c≠p aq∂v ^¿temßv bm{X sNbvXv kvIqfns‚ ]n∂n-seØpw. AXn-en-S°v kvIqfns‚ hm¿jnIw h∂p. Rm≥ Hcp Cw•ojv {]kwKw \SØn. FXn¿∏v AXn-cq-£-ambn. Ah-km\w Hcp ]fin-Xs‚ ^Xvhm hmßn. ""\a-kvIm-c-Øn¬ shfn-hm-Ip∂ `mK-ß-sf√mw shfnhm°n kvIqfn¬ t]mIp-tºmƒ "tImØmbn' (sN-Ip-Øm≥) F∂v hnfn®p Ip´n-Iƒ Ifn-bm-°pw. A∂p apX¬ Fs‚ _m∏sb ]≈n-bn¬ \n∂v ]pd-Øm-°n...''

15

]n.-ap-l-ΩZv Ip´-t»cn

A∂sØ Ahÿ Cßs\: ""ASp-°f hn´v t]mbn√ Adn-hp-t≈msc I≠n√ Adn-hp-I-sfm∂pw ]Tn-®n√ ^Xvhms°m´pw ap´n√''

\thm-∞m\ {]h¿Ø\w F¶nepw apkvenw temIØv Bcw-`n® apkvenw \thm-∞m\ Ne-\Øns‚ Inc-W-߃ tIc-f-Ønepw Nne `mK-ß-fn¬ {]Xy-£-s∏-´n-cp∂p. AXn¬ BIr-jvS-\mbn cwKØv h∂ BZysØ ]fin-X-\s{X shfn-b-t¶mSv P\n® a‡n X߃ (1847-˛1912). At±lw Cw•ojv ]Tn°m\pw {_n´ojv Kh¿sa‚ns‚ Iogn¬ DtZym-K-߃ hln-°m\pw Blzm\w sNbvXp. kv{Xo hnZym-`ym-ksØ t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-Ibpw s]¨Ip- ´ n- I ƒ°v {]tXyI hnZym- e - b - ß ƒ ÿm]n- t °- W - s a∂v Blzm\w \¬Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp. sX°≥ tIc-f-Øn¬ hSp-X-e-bnP\n® laZm\n X߃ (a.1922) Ad-_n-˛-kw-kvIr-X-˛-a-e-bmf \nL≠p cNn® ]fin-X\mWv. At±-l-Øn\v k¿°m¿ hnZym-`ymk ÿm]-\-߃ \n¿an-°m≥ 8 G°¿ ÿew A\p-h-Zn-®p-sh-¶nepw kap-Zm-b-Øn¬ \n∂v kl-I-cWw e`n-°mbvI ImcWw AXv ]cm-P-b-s∏-Sp-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. aX-˛-hn-Zym-`ym-k-˛-km-ln-Xy-˛-kmw-kvIm-cnI cwKØv ]e ]cn-jvI-cW {]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw \S-Ønb \thm-∞m\ \mb-I-\s{X h°w A_vZpJmZ¿ auehn (1873˛1932) At±lw 1907-˛¬ cma-Ir-jvW-]n-≈sb ]{Xm[n-]-cmbn \nb-an®v Bcw-`n® kztZ-im-`n-am\n ]{Xw \thm-∞m-\-Øns‚ i_vZ-am-bn-cp-∂p. apkvenw ]nt∂m-°m-h-ÿ°v {][m\ ImcWw hnZym`ym-k-Øns‚ Ipd-hm-sW∂v Is≠-Ønb At±lw apkvenwIsf D¬_p≤-cm-°m\pw Ah-cn¬ hn⁄m\w hf¿Øm\pw Dt±-in®v apkvenw, A¬Ckvemw, Zo]nI F∂o ]{X-߃ {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®p. 1918-˛¬ At±lw FgpXnb teJ-\-Øn¬ apkvenwIfpsS km£-cXm \nc°v Hcp iX-am-\-amsW∂v ka¿∞n-°p-∂p-≠v. apkvenw \thm-∞m\ cwKØv {]h¿Øn® as‰mcp alm-hy-‡n-Xz-as{X sI.-Fw.-au-ehn (1886-˛1964). \mSns‚ kzmX{¥y-Øn\v th≠n k[ocw {]h¿Øn® aue-hnsb {_n´o-jp-Im¿ Xq°ns°m-√m≥ hn[n-®p. At±lw sImSp-ß-√q-cn-te°v Hfn-t®m-Sn. koXn kmln_ns‚ ho´n-emWv Iptd-Imew Xma-kn-®-Xv. sImSp-ß-√q-cn¬ \thm-∞m\ {]h¿Ø-\-߃ \S-Øn-s°m-≠n-cns° h¿j-߃°v tijw {_n´o-jpIm¿ At±-l-Øns‚ t]cn¬ Npa-Ønb Ip‰w ]n≥h-en-®-t∏mƒ Xncq-cßm-Sn-bn-te°v aS-ßn. ]e ]{X-am-kn-I-Ifpw {KŸ-ßfpw {]kn-≤o-I-cn°p- I bpw hnZym- ` ymk kap- ≤ m- c W {]h¿Ø- \ - ß ƒ \S- Ø p- I bpw sNbvXp. Xncq-c-ßm-Sn bXow Jm\ ÿm]n-°p-∂-Xn¬ Fw.-sI.-lm-Pn-tbm16

t\Xr-kvarXn

auem\m A_p- -_mlv AlvaZv Aen

sSm-∏-ap≈ At±-l-Øns‚ ]¶v kphn-Zn-X-am-Wv. Xe-t»-cn-bn¬ `qPm-X\mb C.-sI.-au-ehn hmg-°mSv Nmen-e-I-Øns‚ Z¿kn¬ \n∂v hnc-an® tijw sImSp-ß-√q-cn¬ A[ym-]I\mbn hcn-Ibpw k¿°m¿ k¿ho-kn{]th-in®v 1944-˛¬ Fd-Wm-Ipfw alm-cm-Pmkv tImtf-Pn¬ A[ym-]-I\mbn \nb-an-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. sIm®n apkvenwIfpsS hnZym-`ymk ]ptcm-K-Xn°v th≠n {]h¿Øn® auehn 1947-˛¬ P∑-\m-´n-te°v aSßn AhnsS hnZym-`ymk {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn-te¿s∏-´p. ]ns∂ Xncq-c-ßmSn bXow Jm\-bpsS {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fnepw kPo-h-ambn ]s¶-Sp-Øp. tIc-f-Øn¬ apkvenw kap-Zm-b-Øns‚ hnZym-`ymk Ncn-{X-Øn¬ Hcp kph¿Wm-≤ymbw cNn® t\Xm-hs{X sImSp-ß-√q-cn¬ `qPm-X-\mb sI.Fw.-ko-Xn-km-ln_v (1899-˛1961). At±lw \nb-a-_n-cpZw t\Sn ]pdØp h∂-t∏mƒ \m´n¬ kwL-Sn-∏n-°-s∏´ henb kzoI-cWw _ncpZw t\Sp∂Xv apkvenw kap-Zm-b-Øn¬ A∂v Hcp A]q¿h kw`-h-ambncp∂p F∂v hy‡-am-°p-∂p. koXn-km-ln-_ns‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ aW∏m´v ]n.-Ip-™nap-l-ΩZv lmPn, sI.-Fw.-au-ehn, C.-sI.-au-ehn XpS-ßn-b-h¿ tN¿∂v 1922˛¬ sImSp-ß-√q-cn¬ Bcw-`n® apkvenw sFIy-kwLw tIc-fo-b-cpsS hnZym-`ymk ]ptcm-K-Xn°pw \thm-∞m-\-Øn\pw \¬Inb kw`m-h-\-Iƒ anI-®X - m-bn-cp-∂p. apkvenweoKv t\Xm-hv, \nb-ak - ` - mw-Kw, kv]o°¿, N{μnI ]{X-Øns‚ kvYm]-I≥, {KŸ-I¿Øm-hv, D÷z\mb hm‹n F∂o \nes°√mw koXn-km-ln_v {]kn-≤-\m-bn.

aX-hn-Zym-`ymk cwKØv a{Zkm hnZym-`ymk cwKØpw D∂X Ad_n ]T-\-cw-KØpw ]e ]cnjv I - c - W - ß fpw \S- ∏ n- e m- ° n- b , Cw•ojv AS°w A©v `mj- I ƒ ssIImcyw sNøm≥ Ign-hp-≠m-bn-cp∂ ]fin-X-\s{X Nmen-e-IØv Ip™-l-ΩZv lmPn (1866-˛1919). At±lw cwKØv hcp∂ ImesØ a{Zkm ]T-\-Øns‚ coXn Cßs\: ""A©mdv Imep-I-fn¬ \n¿Ønb ad-bn-√mØ Hcp sN‰-∏p-c. I√p-I-fn¬ ac-∏-eI \nc-Ønb s_©v. tNSnaÆv tX®p-W-°nb FgpØv ]e-I. "Aen-^n\v ]p≈n-bn-√. _m°v Hcp ]p≈n Xsg...' Cß-s\-bp≈ A£-c-]-T-\w.'' t_m¿Uv, sUkvIv, s_©v, s_√v F∂nh D]-tbm-Kn®pw ]ncn-tb-Up-Iƒ IW-°m-°n-bp-ap≈ a{Z-km-coXn Nmen-eI - Øv \S-∏m-°n-bt- ∏mƒ AXn\v henb FXn¿∏v h∂p. hJv^v kzØv CXn\v D]-tbm-Kn-°m≥ ]mSn-s√∂v Hcp hn`mKw hmZn-®p. t_m¿Un¬ Jp¿B≥ Fgp-Xn-bm¬ AXns‚ tNm°v s]mSn \neØv hohp∂Xv Jp¿-Bs\ A]-am-\n-°-em-sW∂v FXn¿ hn`mKw ]fin-X-∑m¿ Btcm-]n-®p. F¶nepw P\-ß-fn¬ \n∂v Ip™-l-ΩZv lmPn-bpsS ]≤Xn°v hºn® kzoIm-cyX e`n-®p. At∏mƒ as‰mcp ^Xvhmbp-ambn Hcp hn`mKw ]fin-X-∑m¿ At±-lsØ t\cn-´p. ""kv{XoIƒ°v Isø-gpØv 17

]n.-ap-l-ΩZv Ip´-t»cn

]Tn-∏n-°¬ Idm-lØv BsW∂pw ldm-am-sW∂pw c≠v Ju¬ D≈Xv sIm≠v AXv aX-Øn¬ \ntcm-[n-°-s∏-´-Xm-Wv.'' F∂m¬ At±lw Xs‚ c≠v s]¨a-°sf kvIqfn-te-°-b®v amXrI krjvSn-®p. ]≈n Z¿knepw At±lw kaq-e-amb ]cn-jvI-cWw hcp-Øn. Xs‚ injy-∑m¿°v `uXnI hnZym-`ymkw Ipd-hm-sW∂v I≠ auem\ KWnXw, ae-bmfw, s]mXp-hn-⁄m\w F∂nh kne-_-kn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn. henb ]fin-X-∑m¿ t…‰pw ]nSn®v IW°v sNøp-∂Xv ImWm-am-bn-cp∂p F∂v A∂sØ Hcp ZrIvkm£n ]d-bp-∂p. Aßs\ hmg-°mSv Zmdp¬ Depw \thm-∞m\ \mb-I-∑msc hm¿sØ-Sp-°p∂ ÿm]-\-am-bn.

kvIqƒ tImtfPv hnZym-`ymkw hnZym-`ymk cwKØv apkvenw kap-Zm-b-Øn¬ ]Xps° DW¿hv DSse-Sp-Øp-sh-¶nepw Ah¿°v kvIqfp-I-sfm-∂p-ap-≠m-bn-√. 1912-˛¬ BWv tImgn-t°mSv lnam-b-Xp¬ Ckvemw k`-bpsS Iogn¬ Hcp kvIqƒ ÿm]nX-am-b-Xv. tIc-f-Ønse BZy apkvenw hnZym-`ymk ÿm]-\w. 1918-˛aZvd-k-Øp¬ apl-Ω-Znø F∂ t]cn¬ tImgn-t°mSv as‰mcp kvIqfpw Bcw-`n-®p. 1910-˛¬ Xs∂ ae-∏p-dØv am∏n-f-am-cpsS hnZym-`ymk ]ptcmKXn e£yw sh®v Hcp s{Sbn-\nwKv kvIqƒ ÿm]n-X-am-bn-cp-∂p. F∂mapkvenwIƒ°v Hcp sslkvIqƒ thW-sa∂ Nn¥ i‡n-s∏-´-Xn-\m1935-˛¬ ae-_m¿ Pn√m hnZym-`ymk Hm^o-k¿ Jm≥ _l-Zq¿ sI.-ap-lΩZns‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ Xe-t»-cn-bn¬ Hcp kvIqƒ IΩ‰n cq]o-Ir-X-ambn. 1936-˛¬ ae-∏p-dØv BZysØ apkvenw sslkvIqƒ \ne-hn¬ h∂p.

Aen- K ¿ apkv e nw bq\n- t h- g v k n‰n ÿm]n- X - a m- b - t ∏mƒ AXv apkvenwIfn¬ hen-sbmcp hnZym-`ym-km-thiw krjvSn-®p. F∂mapkv e nwIƒ°v Aßn- ß mbn kv I qfp- I ƒ \ne- h n¬ h∂p- s h- ¶ nepw "apkvenwIƒ°v Hcp B¿Svkv & kb≥kv tImtfPv' F∂ kz]v\w km£m¬IrX-am-bn-√. Ccp-]Xmw \q‰m-≠ns‚ ]ndhn apX¬ CXn-\mbn ]e L´-ß-fn-embn \S∂ H‰-s∏´ {ia-߃ H∂pw Xs∂ hnPbw I≠n√. 1921 se ae-_m¿ Iem]w bYm¿∞-Øn¬ apkvenw kap-Zm-b-Øns‚ DW¿hn\pw apt∂m-´p≈ Ka-\-Øn\pw hen-sbmcp Xncn-®-Sn-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

1923-˛¬ koXn kmln-_ns‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ \ne-hn¬ h∂ apkvenw sFIy-kwLw "tIcf apkvenw tImtfPv IΩ‰n' F∂ t]cn¬ Hcp kwLS\ cq]o-I-cn®v tImtf-Pn-\m-h-iy-amb ÿew ]gb Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿ Kh¨sa‚n¬ \n∂v kºm-Zn®v {iaw Bcw-`n-®p-sh-¶nepw hnP-bn-®n-√. apkvenwIƒ°v tIc-f-Øn¬ \ne-hn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ lnμp-˛-{In-kvXy≥ tImtf-Pp-I-fn¬ AUvan-j≥ e`n-°m≥ hfsc {]bmkw A\p-`-h-s∏-´ncp-∂p. Ad_n D∂-X-hn-Zym-`ym-k-cw-K-Øm-sW-¶n¬ Nmen-e-I-Øns‚ hmg°mSv Zmdp¬ Deq-ans‚ ]cn-jvI-c-W-Øn-\-∏pdw apt∂m´v t]mIm≥ 18

t\Xr-kvarXn

auem\m A_p- -_mlv AlvaZv Aen

apkvenwIƒ°mbn-√.

BsI-IqSn Ccpƒ ap‰nb \ncm-im-P-\-I-amb Cu A¥co£-Øn-te°mWv Bbncw h¿jw ]g-°-ap≈ CuPn-]vXnse temI {]kn-≤-amb A¬ Akvl¿ k¿h-I-em-im-e-bn¬ \n∂v sImfp-Øn-sb-SpØ {]Im-i\m-f-hp-ambn hnZym-`ymk \thm-∞m\ \mb-I-\mb Hcp aX-]-fin-X≥ IS∂p hcp-∂-Xv˛ AsX, Hcp ]pXnb {]`m-X-Øn\v P∑-ta-Inb auem\m A_p- -_mlv AlvaZv Aen.

19

]n.-ap-l-ΩZv Ip´-t»cn

2.

A_p- -_mlv: tIcfw apX¬ ssItdm hsc P\-\w-˛-hn-Zym-`ymkw Xriq¿ Pn√-bnse Nmh-°ms´ shtº-\m´v Hcp CS-Øcw IpSpw-_Øn¬ 1906-˛¬ P\n® AlvaZv Aen F∂ A\mY inip hf¿∂p hepXm- b n- `m- h n- b n¬ \nc- h [n t]¿°v hn⁄m\ shfn®w ]I¿∂p sImSp°p∂ Hcp Ncn{X ]pcp-j-\mbn Db-cp-sa∂v A∂v Bc-dn-™p. alm∑m-cmb ]e-cp-sSbpw Pohn-X-IY ]cn-tim-[n-®m¬ {]Xn-Iqe kml-N-cyßsf AXn-Po-hn®v Db-c-߃ {]m]n® A¤pXw Ah-cn¬ Is≠-Øm≥ Ign-bpw. hnZym-`ymk kuIcyw hfsc ]cn-an-X-am-bn-cp∂ A°m-eØv {]mY-anI kvIqƒ hnZym-`ymkw t\Sm≥ am{Xta AlvaZv Aen°v Ahkcw e`n-®p-≈p. A∂sØ HmØp]≈naX-]-T\w ]q¿Øn-bm-°n-b-tijw \m´nse k{ºZmba\p-k-cn®v XpS¿ aX-]-T-\-Øn-\mbn ae-∏pdw Pn√-bnse tIm°q¿ ]≈n Z¿kn¬ tN¿∂p. ]t£, sNdp∏w apXte AZ-ay-amb hn⁄m\ XrjvWbpw Db¿∂v ]Tn-°m-\p≈ A`n-hm-RvObpw At±-lØn¬ \msº-Sp-Øn-cp-∂p. AXv ImcWw Db¿∂ ]fin-X-∑m-cpsS injyXzw kzoI-cn-°m≥ At±lw sImXn-®p. Ad_n hymI-cW imkv{XØn¬ hyp¬]Øn t\Snb Hcp ]fin-X≥ aøgnbn¬ ¢m v \S-Øp-∂ps≠-∂-dn™v AhnsS t]mbn At±-l-Øns‚ Z¿kn¬ tN¿∂p. AXnsh®v ]e hnj-b-ßfpw ]Tn®tXmsSm∏w [mcmfw kplr-Øp-°sfbpw kºm-Zn-®p. ]≈n Z¿knse ]T\w Hcp \ne-hm-c-Øn-se-Øn-bm¬ ]ns∂ D∂X ]T-\-Øn\v A∂v sh√q¿ _mJn-bm-Øp- m-en-lmØv Ad_n tImtf-Pns\ B{i-bn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p ]Xn-hv. ]q¿h ImesØ ]finX-∑m-cpsS t]cn-t\m-sSm∏w tN¿Øn-cp∂ _ncpZw Fw.-F-^v._n (auehn ^mkn¬ _mJ-hn) F∂m-bn-cp-∂p. AlvaZv Aen _mJn-bm-Øns\ Dt±in®v sNs∂-¶nepw {]mb-°p-dhv ImcWw ]d™v At±-l-Øn\v {]thi\w \ntj- [ n- ° - s ∏- ´ p. {]mbsØ Ih- ® p- s h- ° p∂ _p≤n- ] - c hpw 20

t\Xr-kvarXn

auem\m A_p- -_mlv AlvaZv Aen

ssh⁄m-\n-I-hp-amb Ignhv At±-l-Øn\v hn\-bm-bn. \ncm-i-\m-ImsX At±lw a{Zmkv Pam-enø tImtf-Pns‚ Ihm-Shpw ap´n-t\m-°n.

A¬ Akvl¿ k¿h-I-em-im-e-bn-te°v ]Xn-s\-´p-Im-c-\mb Cu bphmhv aø-gn-bnse ]T-\-Im-eØv kºmZn® kplr-Øp-°-fnepw kl-]m-Tn-I-fnepw s]´ Nne¿ sImfw-t_m-bn_nkn-\kv \S-Øp-∂p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Ah-cpsS £W-{]Imcw Ahn-sS-sbØnb AlvaZv Aen°v CuPn-]vXnse A¬ Akvl¿ k¿h-I-em-im-ebn¬ \n∂v _ncpZw t\Snb Nne ]fin-X-∑m-cp-ambn ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-hm≥ Ah-kcw e`n-®p. temI-Ønse G‰hpw A[nIw ]g-°-ap≈ {]uVn-\nd™ Cu hnPvRm\ tI{μ-Øn¬ tN¿∂v ]Tn-°m-\p≈ Xm¬]cyw At±l-Øn¬ Hcm-th-i-ambn hf¿∂p. sImsfmwt_mbn¬ \n∂v \m´n¬ Xncns®-Ønb tijw ]ns∂ A¬ Akvl¿ am{X-ambn At±-l-Øns‚ Nn¥. {]Xn_‘-ß-fpsS {]hmlw Xs∂ ap∂n-te°v HgpIn hs∂-¶nepw Ahsb√mw X´n-b-I‰n At±lw e£y-Øn-te°v {]bmWw \S-Øn. kmºØnI {]iv\-߃ ]cn-l-cn-°m≥ kz¥w t]cnep≠m-bn-cp∂ `qan hn‰p ]W-ap-≠m-°n. t_mws_-bnseØnsb-¶nepw hnk icn-s∏-Sm≥ Znh-k߃ ImØp-\n¬t°≠n h∂p. Cu CS-thf D¿Zp ]Tn-°m≥ D]-tbm-Ks∏-Sp-Øn. 1924-˛¬ Hcp ]pXnb hnZym¿∞n PohnXw Bcw-`n-°m≥ At±lw CuPn-]vXn-te°v I∏¬ Ib-dn.

A¬ Akvldns‚ Ncn{Xw Ncn{X {]kn-≤- amb A¬ Akv l ¿ k¿hI-em-ime {In.968-˛ CuPn]v X v `cn® ^mXznan `c- W - Ø nse tk\m- \ m- b - I - \ mbncp∂ Puldp nJven ssItdm-hn¬ \n¿an® ]≈n-bn¬ \n∂mWv Bcw-`n-°p∂-Xv. AXn\v At±lw {]hm-NI ]p{Xn-bmb ^mXzna _ohn°v \¬Imdp≈ "A¬klvdmAv' F∂ hnti-j-WsØ kqNn-∏n®p sIm≠v AAkvl¿ F∂v t]cn-´p. ^mXznan Jeo^ Akokv _n√m-bpsS a{¥nbm-bn-cp∂ bAvJp_p_v\p In¬kv BZy-ambn AXn¬ ]T\ k{º-Zmbw G¿s∏-SpØn aX-]-fin-X-∑msc \nb-an-®p. AtXmsS "A¬ akvPn-ZpPman-Av' Hcp "PmanA' (k¿h-I-em-im-e) Bbn `mhn-bn¬ cq]m-¥-c-s∏´p. ]n∂oSv ]≈ntbmS-\p-_-‘n®v Hcp sse{_dn ÿm]n-°-s∏-´p. `cW I£n-bmb ^mXznanIƒ ioA-aZvl_v A\p-k-cn-®mWv ]≈n-bn¬ NSßp-Iƒ \S-Øn-bn-cp-∂-Xv. F¶nepw ]≈nbnse Z¿kn¬ im^nCu, amenIo aZvl-_p-Iƒ ]Tn∏n®ncp∂p. {In.1171-˛¬ ^mXznan `cWw Ahkm-\n® tijw kp∂n Bi-b-°m-cmb Aøq-_n-Iƒ A[n-Im-c-Ønh∂-t∏mƒ ap≥ `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-IfpsS F√m \S-]-Sn-Ifpw \n¿Øn-sh-®p. ]ns∂ A[n-Im-c-Øn¬ h∂ aweq-Ip-Iƒ CSn™p s]mfn™ ]≈n 21

]n.-ap-l-ΩZv Ip´-t»cn

]pXp°n ]Wn-Xp. {In.1303˛¬ Hcp `qan Ipep-°sØ XpS¿∂v AAkv l - d n\v \mi- \ - j v S - ß ƒ kw`- h n- ® - t ∏mƒ Aao¿ k√m¬ AXv ]pXp°n ]Wn-Xp. temI-Øns‚ hnhn[ `mK-ß-fn¬ \n∂v A¬ Akvldn¬ ]Tn-°m≥ hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ h∂p sIm≠n-cp-∂p. alm-]-fin-X-∑m-cmb C_v\p-a≥Zq¿, J¬J-i-¥n, C_v\p lP-dp¬ AkvJ-em-\n, kpbqXzn XpS-ßn-b-h-sc√mw B Ime-L-´-Øn¬ A¬ Akvl-dn¬ ]Tn-®-h-cm-Wv. {]kn≤ Ncn{XImc≥ C_v\p J¬Zp≥ CuPn-]vXn¬ h∂-t∏mƒ AAk-l-dn¬ ¢m v FSp-Øn-cp-∂p.

1798˛¬ s\t∏m-fn-b≥ CuPn-]vXn¬ A[n-\n-thiw \S-Øn-b-Xns\ XpS¿∂v A¬ Akvl¿ tZiob kzmX-{¥y-k-a-c-Øns‚ kncm-tI-{μ-ambn amdn. A¬ Akvl-dn¬ hnπ-h-Im-cn-Iƒ XSn®p IqSn. {^©v ssk\nI ta[m-hnsb IpØn-s°m-∂p. XpS¿∂v A¬ Akvl¿ XI¿°m≥ {^©v ssk\yw DØ-c-hn-´p. ]≈n-bpsS AI-tØ°v IpXn-c-Isf Ib-‰n. hnf°p-Iƒ X√n-bp-S-®p. hnZym¿∞n-I-fpsS ]mT-]p-kvX-I-߃ hen®p Iodn. hnπ-h-Øn¬ ]s¶-SpØ apgp-h≥ t]scbpw h[n-°m≥ s\t∏m-fn-b≥ DØ-c-hn-´p. \mem-bncw CuPn-]vXp-Im¿ sIm√-s∏-´p. ho≠pw AAkvl¿ hnπhw ]p\-cm-cw-`n-®p. A¬ Akvl¿ hnZym¿∞n-bmb kpsseam≥ le_n {^©v tk\m-\m-b-I-\mb t¢_sd ]Xn-bn-cp∂p B{Ian®p sIme-s∏-Sp-Øn. kpsse-am\pw \mev A¬ Akvl¿ hnZym¿∞nIƒ°pw `c-WI - qSw h[-in£ hn[n-®p. 1919-˛¬ A¬ Akvl¿ _ncpZ[mcnbmb kAZv kK-eq-ens‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ {_n´-s\-Xn-cn¬ Hcp henb hnπhw \S-∂p. apkvenw temI-Ønse G‰hpw henb ]cn-jvI¿Øm-hmbn KWn-°s∏-Sp∂ apl-ΩZv A_vZp (1845-˛1905) A¬ Akvl-dn¬ A[ym-]-I-\mbn \nb-an-X-\m-b-tijw At±lw Ahn-SsØ ]T\ coXn-bn¬ hºn® ]cnjv°m-c-߃ hcp-Øn.

hnπ-h-Imcnbmb hnZym¿∞n temI-{]-ikvX ]fin-X-∑mcpw kmln-Xy-Im-c-∑m-cp-amb tUm.-Xzmlm lpssk≥, cn^m AXzlvXzmhn, A_vZp≈ ^nIvco, AlvaZv Aao≥ XpS-ßn-b-h-sc-sb√mw hm¿sØ-SpØ Cu al-Ømb hnZym-]o-T-Øn-te°mWv 19 hb- p-Im-c-\mb AlvaZv Aen Ad_n coXn-b-\p-k-cn®v "A_p -_mlv' ({]-`m-X-Øns‚ ]nXm-hv) F∂ _lp-a-Xn-t∏cv kzoI-cn-®psIm≠v IS∂p h∂-Xv. hntZi hnZym¿∞n-I-fpsS AUvan-j≥ Npa-Xe A∂v am¬Zzo-]p-Im-c-\mb ssiJv dphm-Jn-\m-bn-cp-∂p. {]mb-am-bn-´n-s√∂ ImcWw ]d™v At±lw A_p- -_m-ln\v AUvan-j≥ \ntj-[n®p.

F¶nepw kma¿∞yw {]tbm-Kn®v Bdp amk-Øn\v tijw At±lw AwKo-IrX ]Z-hn-bp≈ hnZym¿∞n-bm-bn. AtXmsS At±lw A22

t\Xr-kvarXn

auem\m A_p- -_mlv AlvaZv Aen

Akvl-dn¬ tN¿∂ c≠m-asØ ae-bm-fn-bm-bn. H∂m-asØ ae-bmfn h°w aue-hn-bpsS Afn-b\pw Aen-K¿ apkvenw k¿h-I-emi _ncp-Z[m-cn, {KŸ-I¿Øm-hv, aZn-cmin apl-Ω-Z≥ tImtfPv Ad_n A[ym-]I≥ F∂o \ne-s°√mw {]kn-≤-\mb Fw.Fw.-A-_vZp¬ JmZ¿ auehn (1890-˛1951) BWv. im¥-\mbn Hcp apdn-bn¬ ]pkvX-I-∏p-gp-hmbn NS™p IqSp∂ {]Ir-X-°m-c-\m-bn-cp-∂n√ A_p- -_m-lv. adn®v Xn∑-I-tfmSv i‡-ambn {]Xn-I-cn-°p-Ibpw hnZym¿∞n {]iv\-ß-fn¬ kPo-h-ambn CSs]-Sp-Ibpw sNøp∂ hnπ-h-Im-cn-bm-bn-cp∂p k¿h-I-em-im-e-bn¬ A∂v hntZi hnZym¿∞n-I-tfm-Sp≈ kao-]\w hnth-N-\-]-c-am-bn-cp-∂p. Ah¿°v e`n-°p∂ Xmak kuI-cy-߃ Xr]vXn-I-c-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. CXv t]mse A¬ Akvl-dnse A∂sØ ]T\ k{º-Zmbw IpØ-gn-™Xpw ]g-©\p-am-bn-cp-∂p. A_p- -_mlv "A¬ dm_nXXp»¿Jnø' F∂ t]cnHcp hnZym¿∞n kwL-S\ cq]o-I-cn®v Xß-fpsS Bh-iy-߃ AS-ßnb satΩmdm≠w Xøm-dm°n A∂sØ A¬ Akvl¿ ta[mhn (ssi-JpAkvl¿)-bm-bn-cp∂ ssiJv apkvX^m adm-Kn°pw AwK-߃°pw Ab®p sImSp-Øp. satΩm-dm-≠-Ønse apgp-h≥ Bh-iy-ßfpw DS≥ ]cn-l-cn°-s∏-´p.

Nμ-\-Øncn hn¬∏\°mc≥ A¬ Akvl-dnse hnZym¿∞n Pohn-X-Im-eØv kmº-ØnI {]bmk-߃ A_p- -_m-lns\ h√msX sRcp-°n-bn-cp-∂p. ]t£ A`n-am\ t_m[w Xs‚ kzIm-cy-ZpxJw Bsc-sb-¶nepw Adn-bn-°p-∂-Xn¬ \n∂v At±-lsØ XS-™p. kq´pw tIm´pw [cn®v A¥- n¬ \S-°p-tºmƒ t`Z-s∏-´-h-\m-sWt∂ tXm∂p-I-bp-≈q. AXvsIm≠v Xs∂ "kønZv Aao¿' F∂ t]cn-emWv hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°n-Sbn¬ At±lw Adn-b-s∏-´n-cp-∂-Xv. tIm´n\v IdpØ \ndw sXc-s™-Sp-°p-∂-Xn¬ Hcp cl-ky-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂p. thKw apjn-bn-√. Ae°pw tkm∏pw em`n-°mw. Bh-iy-Øn\v ]Wap-≠m-°m≥ At±lw efn-X-amb Nne kºm-Z-\-am¿K-߃ kzoI-cn-®p. blq-Z¿°v G‰hpw {]nb-s∏´ hkvXp-hmWv Nμ-\-Øn-cn. At±lw AXns‚ \n¿amWw ]Tn-®p. {]tXyI em_-fp-≠m°n AXv hn¬∏\ \SØn. Bh-iy-Øn\v ]Ww e`n®p XpS-ßn. ]{Xhm-b\ B hnZym¿∞n°v Hgn-®p IqSmØ Zn\-N-cy-bm-bn-cp∂p. cm{Xn-bmWv ]{X-߃ hmßp-I. ImcWw cmhnse _m°n hcp∂ ]{X-߃ cm{Xn Npcp-ßnb hne°v In´pw. hmb\ A_p- -_m-ln\v F∂pw `£Ww t]mse Pohn-X-Øns‚ A`n-hm-Py-L-S-I-am-bn-cp-∂p.

dioZv cnZm-bp-ambn G‰p-ap´n A¬ Akvl-dn¬ Ign®p Iq´nb h¿j-ß-f-{Xbpw At±lw Ne-\m23

]n.-ap-l-ΩZv Ip´-t»cn

flI PohnXw \bn-®p. X^vko-dp¬ a\m¿ F∂ temI-{]-kn-≤-amb Jp¿B≥ hymJym\ {KŸ-Øns‚ I¿Øm-hv, A¬a-\m¿ Ad_n amkn-IbpsS ]{Xm-[n-]¿, Adn-b-s∏´ Ad_n Fgp-Øp-Im-c≥, ap^vXn, ]cnjvI¿Ømhv F∂o \ne-s°√mw {]kn-≤-\mb kønZv apl-ΩZv dioZv cnZm (1865˛1935) bpambn At±lw G‰p-ap-´nb Hcp kμ¿`-ap-≠m-bn. kpDuZn-Iƒ lnPmkv Iog-S-°nb tijw hnhn[ cmjv{S-ß-fnse apkvenw t\Xm°-sfbpw ]fin-X-∑m-scbpw hnfn®p tN¿Øv Hcp ktΩ-f\w kwL-Sn∏n®p hnhn[ hnj-b-߃ N¿® sNbvXp. C¥y-bn¬ \n∂v auem\m apl-Ω-Z-enbpw (1878-˛1931) CuPn-]vXn¬ \n∂v kønZv dioZv cnZm-bp-amWv ]s¶-Sp-Ø-Xv. kpDu-Zn-bnse `c-W-{Iaw Fß-s\-bm-bn-cn-t°-W-sa∂ N¿® h∂-t∏mƒ auem\m apl-Ω-Zen P\m-[n-]Xyw thW-sa∂v hmZn®p. kpDuZn cmPm-hns‚ apºn¬ Cßs\ ]d-™Xv dioZv cnZmsb sNmSn∏n-®p. ""Xm¶ƒ F¥vsIm≠v cmPm-hns\ `b-s∏-Sp-∂n√?'' F∂ dioZv cnZmbpsS tNmZy-Øn\v auem\m \¬Inb ad-p]Sn Cu Jp¿-B≥ hmIyw (3:97) Bbn-cp∂p: ""B¿ AhnsS (a-°-bnse A\p-Kr-loX `h-\w) {]thin®pthm Ah≥ \n¿`-b-\m-Wv.'' ktΩ-f\w Ign™v CuPn-]vXn¬ Xncns®-Ønb DSs\ auem-\sb hna¿in®p sIm≠v dioZv cnZm ]{X-ß-fnFgp-Xn.

auem\m apl-Ω-Z-en-tbm-sSm∏w auem\m apl-Ω-Zen IÆv Hm∏-td-j\p th≠n bqtdm-∏n-te°v t]mIptºmƒ CuPn-]vXn¬ Cd-ßn. PwCøØp»p-∫m≥ F∂ bph-P\ kwLS\ At±-l-Øn\v Kw`o-c-amb kzoI-cWw \¬In. CXn-t\m-S-\p-_-‘n®v tN¿∂ tbmK-Øn¬ kpDuZn ktΩ-f-\-Øn¬ Xm≥ FSpØ \ne-]mSv \ymbo-I-cn®p sIm≠v At±lw kwkm-cn-®p. ASpØ Znhkw Xs∂ dioZv cnZm CuPn-]vXnse {]kn-≤-amb A¬ Alvdmw ]-{X-Øn¬ auem\sb cq£-ambn hna¿in-®p-sIm≠v kpZo¿L-amb Hcp teJ-\-sa-gp-Xn. C¥y-bn¬ {_n´o-jp-Im¿s°-Xn-cn¬ \S-°p∂ kzmX-{¥y-k-a-c-sØbpw At±lw A]- e - ] n®p CXv hmbn- ® - t ∏mƒ A_p- - _ m- l ns‚ tZiobt_m[w Xnf®p adn™p Xm≥ shdp-samcp hnZym¿∞n; dioZv cnZm temI- s aßpw Adn- b - s ∏- S p∂ alm- \ mb ]fin- X ≥˛ Cu sNdp∏hen∏w ]cn-K-Wn-°msX CuPn-]vXnse "AIv_m-dp¬ buw' Zn\]-{X-Øn¬ \mep e°-ß-fn-embn At±lw Hcp \o≠ teJ-\-sa-gp-Xn. dioZv cnZm- b psS {_n´ojv A\p- I qe \ne- ] mSv ]e kw`- h - ß fpw FSpØp≤cn®v At±lw Xpd∂pIm´n. CuPn-]vXnse Xe-ap-Xn¿∂ ]finXs\ A¬ Akvl-dnse Hcp hnZym¿∞n FXn¿°pI alm-kw-`-h-am-bncp-∂p.

24

t\Xr-kvarXn

auem\m A_p- -_mlv AlvaZv Aen

A¬ Akv l - d n¬ A_p- - _ mlv hnZym¿∞n- I ƒ°pw A[ym- ] I¿°psa√mw kp]-cn-Nn-X\pw {]nb-¶-c-\p-am-bn-cp-∂p. A[ym-]-I-cpsS hoSpIƒ kμ¿in®v {]tXyI hnj-b-߃ N¿® sNøpI At±-l-Øns‚ k{º-Zm-b-am-bn-cp-∂p. Ah-cpsS {]nb-s∏´ hnZym¿∞nsb "b _v\o' (Fs‚ aI-t\) F∂mWv Ah¿ A`n-kw-t_m-[\ sNbvXn-cp-∂-Xv. ]n∂oSv A¬ Akvl¿ ta[m-hn-bmbn Ah-tcm-[n-X-\m-b, ]ptcm-K-a-\m-i-b-ß-fpsS h‡m-hmb AlvaZv i¬ XqXp-ambn At±-l-Øn\v {]tXyI _‘-amWp-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv.

A¬ Akvl¿ hn´v C¥y-bn-te°v A∂sØ CuPn- ] v j y≥ `c- W m- [ n- I mcn ^pBZv cmPmhv AAkvl¿ kμ¿in-°p-tºmƒ ]e-t∏mgpw hnZym¿∞n-Isf {]Xn-\n-[o-Icn®v At±-l-amWv A\p-tam-Z\ {]kwKw \S-Øm-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. C¥ybn¬ \n∂v hcp∂ AXn-Yn-Iƒ°v kzoI-cWw \¬Ip-∂-Xnepw At±lw t\XrXzw hln-°pw. {]kn≤ Ihn A√ma CJv_m-ens\ ]cn-N-b-s∏-´Xv A¬ Akvl-dn¬ sh®mWv. At±lw ^e-kvXo≥ ktΩ-f-\-Øn\v t]mIptºm-gm-bn-cp∂p IqSn-°m-gvN. Ipd®p Znh-k-߃ CJv_mepsam∂n®p Ign®p Iq´m\pw Ah-kcw e`n-®p. ]Øp h¿jsØ kw`h _lp-e-amb A¬ Akvl¿ PohnXw Ahkm-\n-°p-I-bm-Wv. apkvenw \thm-∞m\ Nn¥-bpsS {]`htI{μ-am-bn-cp∂p A∂v A¬ Akvl¿. hnπ-hm-i-b-ß-fpsS h‡mhpw ap^vXn-bp-am-bn-cp∂ apl-ΩZv A_vZp A¬ Akvl-dn¬ A[ym-]-I-\m-bn-cns° AhnsS hnXdnb \qX\ Nn¥-bpsS kv^pc-W-߃ hnZym¿∞n-I-fnepw A[ym-]-Icnepw `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I-fnepsa√mw Hcp ]pØ-\p-W¿hv krjvSn®ncp∂p.

A\p-Zn\w hf-cp∂ Ime-Øns‚ XpSn-∏p-Iƒ a\- n-em°n aXXXz-߃°v ]p\¿hm-b\ \S-Øp∂ Hcp B[p-\nI ]fin-X≥ A_p- -_m-lnhm¿sØ-Sp-°-s∏´p Ign-™n-cp-∂p.

A¬ Akvld - nse tImgvkv Ah-km-\n®p Ign-™p. C\n F¥v? CuPn]vXn¬ Hcp h°o¬ tPmen-bmWv a\- n¬ BZy-ambn DZn®p h∂ Bibw. ]t£, At∏m-tg°pw auem\m apl-Ω-Zen \¬Inb Hcp D]-tZiw Hm¿a-bn¬ h∂p; ""ChnsS F{Xtbm ]fin-X-∑m-cp≠v. ]T\w Ign-™mC¥y-bn-te°v Xncn®p t]mI-Ww. \nß-sf-t∏m-ep-≈-h-cpsS tkh-\-amWv C¥y-°m-h-iyw.'' Xs‚ ZuXyw tPmen-b-√, tkh-\-amWv F∂ Nn¥ At±-l-Øn¬ i‡n-s∏-´p. A¬ Akvl-dnse ]fin-X-∑mcpw kl-]mTn- I fpw At±- l - Ø n\v bm{Xbb∏v \¬In. ^e- k v X o\pw CdmJpw Cdm\pw kμ¿in-®-tijw 1935-˛¬ _k-d-bn¬ \n∂v At±lw Idm-®n-bnte°v I∏¬ Ib-dn.

25

]n.-ap-l-ΩZv Ip´-t»cn

3.

C¥y-bn¬ Np‰n-°-dßn Im´nse Kpl-bn]Øp-h¿jsØ hnZym¿∞n PohnXw Ah-km-\n®v tkh\ e£yw ap∂n¬ I≠v P∑tZi-amb C¥y-bn-te°v Xncn® A_p- -_mlv Idm®n-bn¬ I∏-en-dßn AhnsS Ipd-®p-Imew Ign®p Iq´n. ]e Db¿∂ hy‡nI-fp-ambpw AhnsS kº¿°w ]pe¿Ønb tijw emtlm-dn-te°v t]mbn.

Ahn-SsØ lnam-b-Øp¬ Ckvemw tImtfPv At±-l-Øns‚ tkh\w Bh-iy-s∏-´p. ASp°pw Nn´-bp-an-√mØ Hcp ÿm]\w. At±lw ]T-\{I-a-Øn\v BsI Hcp am‰w hcp-Øn. F∂m¬ emtlm-dnse A¥-co£w At±-l-Øn\v H´pw Xr]vXn-I-c-am-bn-√. Ahn-SsØ ZuXyw Ah-km-\n-∏n°m≥ At±lw Xocp-am-\n®p. F¶nepw CXn-\Iw ]e apkvenw t\Xm°-fp-ambpw At±-l-Øn\v kº¿°w ]pe¿Øm≥ Ah-kcw e`n®p Ign™n-cp-∂p.

_olm-dnXpS¿∂v A_p- -_mlv _olm-dn-seØnbt∏mƒ Ahn-SsØ ]g°w sN∂ Hcp tImtfPv At±-l-Øns‚ tkh\w D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ Xocpam-\n-®p. ÿm]-\-Ønse Ad-_n-˛-CkvemanIv hIp-∏ns‚ Xe-h≥ F∂ DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw At±-lsØ G¬]n-®p. F∂m¬ tImtf-Pnse A[ym-]Isc√mw {]mbw sN∂-hcpw Zo¿L-Im-esØ k¿ho-kp-≈-h-cp-am-bn-cp∂p. Ah-cp-sS-sb√mw ta[m-hn-bmbn Hcp sNdp-∏-°m-cs\ \nb-an-®Xv {]Xntj-[-Øn-\n-S-bm-°n. kam-[m\ t{]an-bmb A_p- -_mlv {]iv\-߃ krjvSn®v ÿm]-\sØ {]Xn-k-‘n-bn-em-°msX thKw cmPn-sh-s®m-gn™p.

I¬°-Ø-bn]ns∂ At±lw FØn- ® ¿∂Xv I¬°- Ø - b n- e m- W v . BZy- a mbn 26

t\Xr-kvarXn

auem\m A_p- -_mlv AlvaZv Aen

auem\m Bkm-Zp-ambn ]cn-N-b-s∏-´p. Bkm-Zns‚ Jp¿-B≥ ]cn-`mj tbmSv A_p- -_m-ln\v henb aXn-∏m-bn-cp-∂p. Hcp I®-h-S-°m-c-\m-bmP\-ß-fp-ambn IqSp-X¬ kº¿°w ]pe¿Øm\pw AXn-eqsS tkh\ taJe IqSp-X¬ hnI-kn-∏n-°m\pw Ign-bptam F∂ Nn¥ At±-l-ØnDS-se-Sp-Øp. ]co-£Ww F∂ \ne°v Idp-I-∏-´, Nmb-s∏m-Sn, ]pfn XpSßn-bh hn¬°p-∂-Xn¬ G¿s∏-´p. ]t£, kXy-k-‘X ]pe¿Øn I®h-S-Øn¬ hnP-bn-°m≥ Ign-bn-s√∂v At±-l-Øn\v A\p-`-h-Øn-eqsS t_m[y-am-bn. Fhn-sSbpw ambw tN¿Ø hkvXp-°ƒ. B DZyaw Dt]£n®v ]ns∂ a{Zm-kn-te-°v bm{X Xncn-®p.

a{Zm-kna{Zm-kn¬ FØnb auehn BZyw sNbvXXv apl-Ω-Z≥ tImtf-Pns{]m^-k-dm-bn-cp∂ {]Ya A¬ Akvl¿ _ncp-Z-[m-cn-bmb tIc-fob ]fin-X≥ A_vZp¬ JmZ¿ aue-hn-bp-ambn _‘-s∏-Sp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

XpS¿∂v a{Zmkv Pam-enb tImtf-Pns‚ {]n≥kn-∏¬ Bbn-cp∂ kønZv A_vZp¬ hlm_v _pJm-cn kmln-_p-ambn kº¿°w ]pe¿Øn. A_p -_m-lns\ tImtf-Pn¬ A[ym]-I-\mbn \nb-an-°m≥ F√m-hcpw Xm¬]cyw ImWn-®p. AhnsS A[ym-]\w `wKn-bmbn \n¿h-ln®p sIm≠ncns° Hcp bmZr-—nI kw`-h-ap-≠mbn: Ahn-SsØ {][m-\m-≤ym-]-Is‚ hoSns‚ Ip‰nbSn-°¬ I¿a-Øn¬ a‰p A[ym-]-I-tcm-sSm∏w A_p- _mlpw ]s¶-Sp-Øp. a{Zm-kn¬ B I¿atØm-S-\p-_-‘n®v a™ƒ sIm≠v Hcp a\p-jy-cq-]-ap-≠m°n Hcp Zo]-Øns‚ AI-º-Sn-tbmsS {]Z£nWw sh°p∂ Hcp NS-ßp-≠v.-A-‘-hn-izmkßf-psS ASn-ÿm-\-Ønep≈ in¿°v]c-amb Cu I¿a-Øn\p apºn¬ \ni-_vZ-\mbn-cn°m≥ Xn∑s°Xn-cn¬ Xo{h-hn-Im-c-ap≈ [oc-\mb A_p- _m-ln\v Ign-™n√. sX‰v Bcv FhnsS sh®v sNøp-∂Xv I≠mepw AXns\ FXn¿t°≠Xv apkvenans‚ _m[y-X-bm-sW∂ hnizmkw CXns\Xncn¬ i_vZap-b¿Øm≥ B BZ¿i-hm-Znsb t{]cn-∏n-®p. kZ- n¬ sh®v Xs∂ At±lw Xs‚ {]Xn-tj[w Adn-bn-®p. NSßv \S-°p-tºmƒ ]q¿W-amb \n»-_vZX ]men-t°-W-sa-∂mWv N´w. {][m-\m-≤ym-]-I-\p-ambn hmt°‰-am-bn. A_p- -_mlv kZ v hn´v Cd-ßn-t∏m-bn.

A]- a m- \ n- X - \ mb A[ym- ] - I s‚ ]I A_p- - _ m- l n- s \- X nsc {]h¿Øn-°m≥ At±-lsØ t{]cn-∏n-®p. A]-hm-Z-߃ ]d™p ]cØn. B BZ¿i-imen tImtfPv hnSm≥ Xs∂ Xocp-am-\n-®p. tImtfPns‚ `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-bmbncp∂ Pam¬ apl-ΩZv kmln-_n\v At±-ltØmSv {]tXyI Xm¬]-cy-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. At±-l-Øns‚ tkh-\-tØmSv BZ-c-hp-am-bn-cp-∂p. At±-lsØ ]n¥n-cn-∏n-°m≥ \S-Ønb {ia-ßsfm∂pw hnP-bn-®n-√.

27

]n.-ap-l-ΩZv Ip´-t»cn

_\n-b≥ Iº\nbn¬ sXm-gn-emfn a{Zmkv hn´ auem\m I¬°-Ø-bn-seØn Ipd®v Znh-k-߃ AhnsS Ign®p Iq´n ho≠pw _olm-dn-te°v bm{X-bm-bn. AhnsS Hcp _\n-b≥ Iº-\n-bn¬ \q¬ apdn-°p∂ tPmen-bn¬ G¿s∏-´p. Ahn-S∂v In´p∂ thX\w Xs‚ AXym-h-iy-߃°v aXn-bmbncp∂p. ]Wn Ign™p Hgnhp≈ ka-b-ß-fn¬ sXmgn-em-fn-Iƒ°v Jp¿-B≥ ¢ms -Sp°pw. Xs‚ bYm¿∞ ÿnXn-I-sfm∂pw Bscbpw ]d-™-dnbn®ncp-∂n-√. temIØnse G‰hpw ]g-°-ap≈ k¿h-I-em-im-e-bn¬ \n∂v _ncp-Z-sa-SpØ alm-]-fin-X-\mWv \q¬ apdn-°p∂ tPmen sNøp-∂-sX∂ cl-kysam∂pw Bcpw Adn-bp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. Hcn-°¬ Iº\n amt\-P¿ Ft¥m {]iv\-Øn¬ A_p- -_m-ln-t\mSv A[n-Im-c-kz-c-Øn¬ kwkm-cn-®p. auem-\°v AXv H´pw ckn-®n-√. ""Xm¶ƒ sNbvXXv Ckveman\v hncp-≤amb \S-]-Sn-bmWv''˛ A_p- -_mlv H´pw `b-s∏-SmsX Abm-fpsS apJØv t\m°n ]d-™p. apX-em-fn-Ø-Øn\v hgßn Pohn-°m≥ At±lw CjvSs∏- ´ n- √ . Cu ]pXnb sXmgn- e mfn Bsc∂v apX- e mfn At\z- j n- ® dn™t∏mtg°pw Iº\n hnSm≥ At±lw Dd® Xocp-am-\-sa-SpØp Ign™n-cp-∂p.

Im´n-te°v A¬ Akvl-dnse hn⁄m\ temI-Ønse kz¿Kob hmkw Ahkm-\n-∏n®v tkh-\-Øns‚ acp-∏® tXSn P∑\m´n¬ FØn C{Xbpw h¿jsØ A\p-`-h-߃ At±-l-Øns‚ a\- ns\ De-®p. GXv cwKØp sN∂p t\m°n-bmepw sIm≈-cp-Xm-bva-Iƒ sImSn IpØn hmgp-∂p. aXkvYm-]-\-߃°v t]mepw ]q¿W-ambpw ]cn-ip-≤X ]men-°m≥ Ign-bp∂n- √ . ]Øp- h ¿jw XnI®pw ssh⁄m- \ n- I - a mb A¥- c o- £ - Ø nPohn® Hcp bphm-hn\v \m´nse hnj-I-ep-jn-X-amb A¥co£-Ønizmkwap´v A\p-`-h-s∏-SpI kzm`m-hn-Iw. A_p- -_m-lns‚ a\ v kwL¿j- ` - c n- X - a m- b n. D≈nse ]ncn- a p- d p- ° - Ø n\v Abhv In´m\pw {]mXnIqey-ßsf XcWw sNøm-\p≈ IcpØv B¿Pn-°m\pw th≠n \m´n¬ \n∂v amdn Im´n¬ GIm-¥-X-bn¬ Ipd-®p-Imew Ign®p Iq´nbmtem F∂ Nn¥ At±-l-Øn¬ i‡n-s∏-´p. Xn_-Ønepw a‰p-ap≈ k\ym-kn-am-sc-∏‰n Ad_n {KŸ-ßfn¬ At±lw [mcmfw hmbn-®n-cp∂p. Ah-km\w Cu Nn¥ Hcp Xocp-am\ambn amdn. _olm-dnse k\ymkn-am-cpsS kt¶-X-Øn-te°v Ibdn s®∂p. Im´nepw \m´n-ep-ambn Ipd®p-Imew Ign®p Iq´n.

Kpl-bn¬ GIm-¥-\mbn k\ym-kn-am-cn¬ \n∂v ssakq-cnse Hcp {]tXyI ae-sb-∏‰n tI´-dn28

t\Xr-kvarXn

auem\m A_p- -_mlv AlvaZv Aen

™p. AXv ]pWy-ap≈ Hcp hninjvS ae-bm-sW-∂mWv Ah-cpsS hnizmkw. B ae kμ¿in-°m≥ At±-l-Øn¬ taml-ap-Zn-®p. A_p- -_mlv _olm-dn¬ \n∂v ssakq-cn-seØn AhnsS Hcp apkvenw tlm´-en¬ Xmakn-®p. k\ym-kn-am-cpsS ]pWy-a-e-bpsS ÿm\w tNmZn-®-dn™p. hfsc Db-c-Ønepw AI-e-Øn-ep-am-W-Xv. FØn-t®-cm≥ Hcp kmlkbm{X Xs∂ \S-Ø-Ww. Nne ae-hm-kn-I-fpsS klm-b-tØmsS Ip∂pw Ipgnbpw ImSp-Ifpw Xm≠n ae-ap-I-fn-se-Øn. hnim-e-amb \nc∏v \ne-ßfpw KplIfpw \nd™ Hcp henb ae. A_p- -_mlv Hcp Kpl sXc-s™SpØv AXn¬ Xma-k-am-°n. ae-bpsS ASn-`m-KØp IqsS Hcp tNme Hgp-Ip-∂p-≠v. IpSn-°m\pw hpZp- F-Sp-°m-\p-sa√mw AXv D]-tbm-K-s∏-SpØn.

{]⁄-b‰ A⁄mX a\p-jy≥ alm-\mb Hcp ]fin-X≥ `uXn-I-amb F√m kpJ-ku-I-cy-ßfpw XyPn®v h\m-¥-c-Øn¬ Hcp Kpl-°p-≈n¬ GIm-¥-Nn-Ø-\mbn Ign-bp∂p. A‘-Imc \n_n-U-amb cm{Xn. h\y-ar-K-ß-fpsS `bm-\-I-amb Ae¿® tIƒ°p-∂p. ]t£, A_p- -_mlv H∂pw Adn-bmsX GtXm Hcmflob temIØv kpJ-kp-jp-]vXn-bn¬ e-bn®v Ign-bp∂p. CXv Bcpw At±-l-Øn¬ ASn-t®¬]n-®-X-√. kzbw sXc-s™-SpØ am¿Kw. {Iqc P¥p-°ƒ sIme-hn-fn-bp-ambn ]e-t∏mgpw Kplm-ap-JØv h∂v FØn-t\m°m-dp-≠v. Nne-t∏mƒ I\Ø Hcm-{I-a-W-Øn-\mbn apt∂m´v B™v IpXn°m-dp-≠v. F∂m¬ Kpl-°p-≈nse B a\p-jys‚ [oc-amb \n¬]v I≠nt´m Ft¥m Ah ]n≥hm-ßp-I-bmWv ]Xn-hv. F∂m¬ Hcn-°ac-W-Øns‚ hmbvØ-e-∏n¬ AI-s∏´v Ign™p F∂v Dd-∏n-°m≥ t]m∂ Hcp kw`-h-ap-≠m-bn. Iptd Znh-ksØ Kplm-hmkw ImcWw £oWw _m[n® At±-lsØ tcmKw ]nSn-Iq-Sn. Bcpw Adn-bp-Itbm ImWp-Itbm sNømØ Kplm-¥¿`m-Kw. klm-b-Øn\v Hcp a\p-jy-\pan-√. \S-°m≥ Xs∂ høm-Xm-bn. Duc-bn¬ Hcp Iºn-fn-Np‰n h\-ØneqsS \ncßn \oßn-bmWv tNme-bn-se-Øn-bn-cp-∂-Xv. ]t£, ]ns∂ AXn\pw høm-Xm-bn. tcmKw A{X I≠v aq¿On-®p. i‡-amb ]\n. ]ns∂ F¥v kw`-hn®p F∂v At±-l-Øn-\-dn™p IqSm. Hm¿a Xncn®p In´ptºmƒ apl-ΩZv kp¬Øm≥ F∂ Hcm-fpsS ho´n-emWv. ae-hm-kn-Iƒ°v AßmSn km[-\-߃ hn¬°p∂ Hcp I®-h-S-°m-c-\mWv At±-lw. Im´n\p-≈n¬ Hcp Kpl-°-IØv {]⁄-b-‰p InS°p∂ Hcp a\p-jys\ I≠t∏mƒ ae-hm-kn-Iƒ At±-lsØ Xmßn-sb-SpØv I®-h-S-°m-cs‚ ASpsØ-Øn-®-Xm-Wv. apl- Ω Zv kp¬Øms‚ ho´n¬ tcmK- i - ø - b n¬ InS- ° p∂ Cu A⁄mX hy‡n B¿? P\-߃ Fs¥ms°tbm [cn-®p. A¤pX 29

]n.-ap-l-ΩZv Ip´-t»cn

kn≤n-I-fp≈ GtXm Znhy-\m-sW∂ hnizm-k-Øn¬ ]pWyw t\Sm\pw tcmK hnap‡n tXSm\pw hcp-∂-h-cpsS ieyw Ak-l-\o-b-am-bn. hnP-\amb Hcp ÿe-tØ°v amdn Xma-kn-°m≥ A_p- -_mlv B{Klw {]I-Sn-∏n-®p. ]e ÿe-ßfpw At\z-jn® apl-ΩZv kp¬Øm≥ HSp-hnKp≠¬ t]´ F∂ ÿeØv CSn™p s]mfn-™, P\-k-º¿°an√mØ Hcp \a-kvIm-c-]≈n I≠p-]n-Sn-®p. ASp-sØm∂pw Bƒ Xma-k-an-√. Pn∂pI-fpsS kt¶-X-am-sW-∂mWv P\-hn-izm-kw. AhnsS Ib-dm≥ t]mepw Bfp-Iƒ `b-°pw. A_p- -_m-ln\v ÿew \t∂ ]nSn-®p. ]mb-sIm≠v Hcp ad-bp-≠m°n Xmakw Bcw-`n-®p. AIØv I√p-Iƒ°n-S-bn-eqsS `oIc k¿∏-߃ Xe-bn´v t\m°p-∂p. ]t£ Cu `‡\v Hcp sR´-ep-ap-≠mbn-√.

Ip™m-en-°p´n lmPn Is≠Øn ]≈n-bn-te°v \ne-°mØ P\-{]-hmlw. tcmK-hn-ap‡n tXSp-∂-h¿; Z¿i\w e`n®v kmbq- P y- a - S - b p- ∂ - h ¿˛ Cßs\ ]e- c pw. apl- Ω Zv kp¬Øm≥ CS-°nsS h∂v kpJm-t\z-jWw \S-Øp-∂p. Hcn-°¬ Ip™men-°p´n lmPn Fs∂m-cmƒ°v ImWm≥ A\p-aXn \¬I-W-sa∂ aplΩZv kp¬Øm≥ At]-£n-°p-∂p. ae-∏pdw Pn√-bnse B\-°bw kztZin-bmb B I¿j-I\v AhnsS aebpw Irjn-bp-ap-≠v. \nc-¥-c-amb kΩ¿ZsØ XpS¿∂v At±-l-Øn\v ImWm≥ A\p-aXn \¬In. XpS¿∂v kμ¿i\ kμ¿`-߃ h¿[n-®p. Hcn-°¬ A_p- -_mlv \a-kvI-cn-°ptºm-gmWv lmPn-bpsS hc-hv. \a-kvIm-c-Ønse GIm-¥-X°v `wKw hcpØp∂ F¥n-t\mSpw A_p- -_m-ln\v ISpØ hntcm-[-am-bn-cp∂p. lmPn°v IW-°n\v iImcw In´n. B km[p a\p-jy≥ s]m´n-°-c-™p.

CXv I≠-t∏mƒ A_p- -_m-lns‚ a\ v B¿{Z-am-bn. Cu kw`hw Ah¿ XΩn-ep≈ _‘-Øn\v ]pXn-sbmcp am\-ap-≠m-°n. lmPn At±l-Øns‚ hoSv kμ¿in-°m≥ CS-°nsS h∂v \n¿_-‘n®p sIm≠n-cp∂p. Hcn-°¬ At±-l-Øns‚ B{Klw \nd-th-‰m-sa∂v hm°v sImSp-Øp.

h[-`o-jWn ssakq-cnse Xmakw aXn-bm°n ho≠pw Idm-®n-bn-te°v t]mbn.

AhnsS Hcp Jp¿-B≥ ¢m v Bcw-`n-®p. AXns\ XpS¿∂v At±-l-Øn\v Hcp sIme-]m-XI `oj-Wn-bp-≠m-bn. Jp¿-B-\nse ]e `mK-ßfpw hymJym-\n®v _Z¿ bp≤sØ kw_-‘n® hmIy-߃ hsc-sb-Øn. _Zdn¬ Cd-ßnb ae-°p-Iƒ kw_-‘n®v km[m-cW tIƒ°m-dp≈ hymJym\-Øn¬ \n∂v hyXy-kvX-amb Hcm-ibw At±lw Ah-X-cn-∏n-®p. A‘hn-izmknIfpw bmYm-ÿn-I-cp-am-bn-cp∂ Ahn-SsØ apkvenwIƒ°v CXv Zln-®n-√. Ah¿ tcmjm-Ip-e-cm-bn. A_p- -_mlv ]pcm-X\ Jp¿-B≥ 30

t\Xr-kvarXn

auem\m A_p- -_mlv AlvaZv Aen

hymJym\ {KŸ-ß-fn¬ \n∂v Xs‚ hmZ-KXnIƒ°v Dt]m¬_-e-I-amb sXfn-hp-Iƒ \nc-Øn. ]t£, CXv sIms≠m∂pw ^e-ap-≠m-bn-√. At±lsØ h[n-°m-\p≈ Xocp-am-\-Øn¬ Ah¿ Dd-®p-\n-∂p. ImcWw AhcpsS ZrjvSn-bn¬ Cu hymJym\w hen-sbmcp ]mXIam-bn-cp-∂p. tdmUv h°n¬ ]oSnI apdn-bn-emWv At±-l-Øns‚ Xma-kw. h[n-°m≥ Xocpam-\n®v P\w XSn®p IqSn. A_p- -_mlv Dd® `mj-bn¬ Ah-cp-ambn Hcp hmKzmZw \SØn C{]-Imcw {]Jym-]\w \S-Øn. ""sIm-t∂mfq Fs∂'' CXpw ]d™p apdn-bn¬ \n∂v Xe ]pdtØ°n´p. P\-ß-fpsS D≈nFt¥m Hcp `oXn IS∂p IqSn. Ah¿ ]n≥hmßn. ]ns∂ t]meokv Ahsc AdÃv sNbvXp.

ae-∏p-dØv {]Xy-£-s∏´p Idm-®n-bn¬ \n∂v t_mws_-bn-te-°mWv bm{X Xncn-®X - v. CuPn-]vXnsh®v ]cn-N-b-s∏´ A_vZp- -aZv aue-hnsb kμ¿in® tijw ae-_m-dnte°v Xncn-®p. Ip™m-en-°p´n lmPn°v At±-l-Øns‚ hkXn kμ¿in°m-sa∂v hm°v sImSp-Ø-Xm-W-t√m. AXv ]men-°m≥ ]¥-eq-cn-seØn AhnsS \n∂v At±-l-Øns‚ P∑-ÿ-e-amb ae-∏p-d-Øn-\-SpØv B\°-bØv h∂p. ]nt‰∂v Xs∂ Xncn®p t]mIm-\m-bn-cp∂p Xocp-am-\-sa¶nepw lmPn-bpsS \n¿_-‘-{]-Imcw Ipd®v Znhkw IqSn Xma-kn-®p.

X\n°v hnP-\-amb Hcp ÿeØv Xma-kn-°-W-sa∂ Bhiyw A_p- _mlv Bh¿Øn- ® p. BƒXma- k - a n- √ m- Ø Xpw ]m¿°m≥ sIm≈mØsX∂v hniz-kn-°-s∏-Sp∂Xpamb Hcp hoSv lmPn ImWn®p sImSpØp. auem-\°v AXv CjvS-am-bn. 1941-˛¬ At±lw AhnsS Xmakw Bcw-`n-®p.

31

]n.-ap-l-ΩZv Ip´-t»cn

4. hnZym-Zo-]-hp-ambn ae-∏pdw aÆn"B\-°-bØv Hcp A⁄m-X-hy‡n {]Xy-£-s∏-´n-´p≠v'˛\m´n-emsI {ipXn-bm-bn. P\-߃ Ah-cpsS `mh-\-bvs°mØv Ducpw t]cpw \¬In hy‡n\n¿Wbw \S-Øn. c≠mw temI-a-lm-bp≤w \S-°p∂ Ime-am-bncp-∂p. P¿a≥ Nmc-\m-sW∂v Hcp hn`mKw Xd-∏n®v ]d™p. A√, Ir{Xna s]m∂p- ≠ m- ° p∂ ]p≈n- b m- s W- ∂ mbn as‰mcp hn`m- K - Ø ns‚ I≠p]nSpØw. Ft¥m Akm-[m-cW Ignhp-I-fp≈ Hcp "Huenbm' BsW-∂mbn aq∂m-a-sXmcp Iq´¿. tIc-f-Ønse Nne aX-]-fin-X-∑m¿ At±-lsØ kao-]n®p Nne tNmZy-߃ D∂-bn-®p. {]kn≤ Ad_n kmln-Xy-Im-c-\m-bn-cp∂ tUm.-Xzm-lm-lp-ssk-s\-∏-‰n-bp≈ A`n-{]m-b-amcm-™p. Xzml-bpsS Ign-hp-I-sfbpw {]i-kvXn-sbbpw AwKo-I-cn-°p∂ ]cm-a¿iw \S-Øn-b-tXmsS ]fin-X-∑m-cpsS ZrjvSn-bn¬ At±lw \ncoiz-c-hm-Zn-bm-bn. A_p- -_mlv k¿°m-dns‚ t\m´-∏p-≈n-bm-bn. t]meokp-tZym-K-ÿ-∑m-cpsS \nc¥-c-amb At\z-j-Whpw tNmZyw sNø-epw. hoSpw km[\ kma-{Kn-Ifpw kq£va-amb ]cn-tim-[-\°v hnt[-b-am-°n. ]t£, Nne Dul-ß-f-√msX Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øm≥ DX-Ip∂ Hcp tcJbpw Is≠-Sp-°m≥ Ign-™n-√. A_p- -_mlv Xs‚ Pohn-X-IY Ah-tcmSv Xpd∂p ]d-™-Xp-an-√. Ah-km-\-ambn At\z-jWw \S-Ønb t]meokv ]m¿´n-bpsS Xe-h≥ Hcp Aapkvenw Bbn-cp-∂p. At±lw Xs‚ apgph≥ Ignhpw ka-bhpw D]-tbm-Kn®v tNmZyw sNøepw ]cn-tim-[-\bpw \S-Øn. Zpcq-lX \o°m-hp∂ Hcp sXfnhpw e`n-®n-√. auem-\-bm-Is´ a\ v Xpd-∂-Xp-an-√. Ah-km\w t]meokv ta[mhn IqsS-bp-≈-h-scsb√mw ]pd-tØ°v am‰n A_p- -_m-ln-t\mSv Cßs\ ]d™p: ""Rm≥ t]mbmepw Cu At\z-jWw XpScpw AXn-\m¬ bYm¿∞ \ne Ft∂mSv Xpd∂p ]d-bWw''˛ CXv A[n-Im-c-Øns‚ kzcambncp-∂n-√. kulrZ `mh-Øn-ep≈ Hcp bmN-\-bm-bn-cp-∂p. CXn\v A_p- -_mlv Cßs\ {]Xn-I-cn-®p. ""Fs∂-∏‰n IqSp-X¬ Adn-bm≥ a{Zmkv apl-Ω-Z≥ tImtfPv 32

t\Xr-kvarXn

auem\m A_p- -_mlv AlvaZv Aen

{]n≥kn-∏mƒ tUm.-A-_vZp¬ lJv, Pam-enb tImtfPv {]n≥kn-∏m-ƒ auem\m A_vZp¬ hlm_v _pJm-cn, kønZv aplvb±o≥jm F∂n-htcmSv At\z-jn-®m¬ aXn.'' Cu At\z-jWw ]q¿Øn-bm-b-tXmsS sX‰n≤m-c-W-I-fpw kwi-b-ßfpw \oßn. t]meokv ]cn-tim-[-\bpw \ne-®p.

B\-°m-bsØ Huenbm F∂m¬ HutZym-KnI Xe-Øn-ep≈ At\z-jWw \ne-®p-sh-¶nepw s]mXp-P-\-ß-fn¬ Ft¥m Znhy-i-‡n-bp≈ Hcp kn≤-\m-sW∂ [mcW°v am‰-ap-≠m-bn-√. tcmK-i-a-\hpw a\x-im-¥nbpw tXSn-sb-Øp-∂-h¿ h¿[n-®p. AtXm-sSm∏w Hcp alm-]-WvUn-X≥ F∂ \ne°v At±-lsØ ImWm\pw ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sm\pw kμ¿i\w \S-Øp∂ {]apJ hy‡n-I-fpap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. skbvXv aplvb±o≥ jmbpw kn.-F≥.-AlvaZv auehnbpw ae-∏pdw Kh.-ssl-kvIq-fn¬ A[ym-]-I-cm-bn-cn-°p-tºm-gmWv Ip´n-I-fn\n∂v B\-°-bØv Xma-k-am-°nb "Huenbm' sb∏‰n Adn-bp-∂-Xv. t\csØ a{Zm-kn¬ \n∂v s{]m^.-A-_vZp¬ JmZ¿ auehn A_p- _mlv ae-_m-dn¬ Fhn-sS-bm-sW∂v I≠p-]n-Sn-°m≥ Bh-iy-s∏-´n-cp∂p. Cu c≠p-t]cpw A_p- -_m-lns\ H∂n-e-[nIw XhW kμ¿in®p.

Cßs\ ]pdw temI-hp-ambn A[nIw _‘-sam-∂p-an-√msX A_p -_mlv Hcp h¿jw Ign®p Iq´n. CS°v Nne kμ¿i-I-∑m¿°v At±lw A\p-aXn \¬Ipw. F∂m¬ CXn-\Iw Xs‚ Pohn-X-ZuXyw \n¿h-ln°m-\p≈ ]mX-bn-te°v \oßm≥ At±lØns‚ a\ v ]mI-s∏-´n-cp-∂p. tIc-f-Ønse apkvenwIƒ°v A¬ Akvl-dns‚ apJ-ap≈ aX-hn-Zym`ymkw A\n-hm-cy-am-sW∂ Nn¥ At±-l-Øns‚ D≈n¬ i‡n-s∏-´p.

Xs∂ kμ¿in-°m-s\-Øp∂ {]apJ hy‡n-I-fpsS apºn¬ At±lw Cu Bibw Ah-X-cn-∏n-®p. X\n°v BXnYyw \¬Inb Ip™m-en-°p´n lmPn Cu Bi-bsØ k¿hm-fl\m kzmKXw sNbvXp. Ad-_n-˛-a-X-hnZym-`ymkw ]≈n Z¿kp-I-fn¬ \n∂v Ic-ÿ-am°n D∂X ]T\w B{Kln-°p∂ \n›nX tbmKy-X-bp≈ Bdv hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°v {]th-i\w \¬Im-\mWv Xocp-am-\n-®X - v. `£-Whpw Xma-khpw kuP-\y-ambn \¬Im\p≈ k∂-≤X Ip™m-en-°p´n lmPn {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. hnZym¿∞n-Isf skeIvSv sNøm≥ skbvXv aplvb±o≥ jm, kn.-F≥.

AlvaZv auehn, ^e°n apl-ΩZv auehn F∂o aq∂v t]sc Npa-X-es∏-Sp-Øn.

Ad_n tImtfPv XpS-ßp∂p 1942 P\p-hcn 5˛mw XnøXn tIc-f-Ønse hn⁄m\ N{I-hmfw ]pXnsbmcp kqtcym- Z - b - Ø n\v km£yw hln®p "hn⁄m- \ - ∏ q- ¶ m- h \w' 33

]n.-ap-l-ΩZv Ip´-t»cn

F∂¿∞-ap≈ duk-Øp¬ Deqw F∂ t]cn¬ Hcp Ad-_n-tIm-tf-Pn\v XpS°w Ipdn- ° - s ∏- ´ p. Ip™m- e n- ° p´n lmPn- b psS hk- X n- b nXs∂bmbn-cp∂p ¢m pw hnZym¿∞n-I-fpsS Xma-k-hp-sa-√mw. ]n∂oSv aX-cw-KØv {]kn-≤-cm-bn-Øo¿∂ kn.-]n.-A-_q-_-°¿ aue-hn, FS-hÆ F.-A-ehn auehn XpS-ßn-b-h¿ Dƒs°m-≈p-∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p H∂m-asØ _m®v. ip≤amb Ad-_n-bn¬ am{X-am-bn-cp∂p auem-\-bpsS ¢m v. kne_kpw ]ncn-tb-Up-sa√mw {Iao-I-cn-®n-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ GtXm A]-I-SIm-cn-bmWv Cu auehn F∂ [mcW sh®p ]pe¿Øp∂ Nnecpw \m´nep-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Ah¿ ¢m n¬ h∂n-cp∂v auehn ]d-bp-∂Xv {i≤n-°m≥ Xp\n-™p. ]t£ A_p- -_mlv AXv A\p-h-Zn-®n-√. Jp¿-B≥ hpZp C√msX sXmSp∂p F∂mbn ]ns∂ Btcm-]-Ww. hnNm-c-W°v hnt[-bam-b-t∏mƒ Ip´n-Iƒ sXmSp-∂-Xmbn Ah¿ I≠Xv Jp¿-B≥ A√, Ad_n UnIvjWdn-bmWv!

Hcp kμ¿i-Is‚ A\p-`hw Cu \hmKX-\mb ]fin-Xs\ kμ¿in-°m≥ hnhn[ `mK-ß-fn\n∂v {]apJ hy‡n-Iƒ B\-°-b-tØ°v hcn-I-bm-bn. tImgn-t°mSv \n∂v At±-lsØ kμ¿in-°m-s\-Ønb Fw.-Ip-t™mbn sshZy¿ At±-lØns‚ A\p-`hw Cßs\ hnh-cn-°p-∂p: ""Hcp kplrØv "\a-kv°mcw' F∂ Hcp ]pkvXIw F\n°v kΩm\n-®p. AXv hmbn-®-t∏mƒ hfsc BI¿j-I-ambn tXm∂n. {KŸ-I¿Ømhns‚ t]cv t\m°n˛ A_p- -_mlv AlvaZv Aen. Cu ]pkvX-I-Øns‚ Ipd®p tIm∏n-Iƒ Ab®p Xcm\pw Cs√-¶n¬ Bbncw tIm∏n Fs‚ kz¥w sNe-hn¬ A®-Sn®p hnX-cWw sNøm≥ A\p-h-Zn-°-W-sa∂pw Bh-iy-s∏´v Rm≥ At±-l-Øn\v IsØ-gp-Xn. tIm∏n-Iƒ Xo¿∂-t]msb∂pw kuP-\y-ambn hnX-cWw sNtø-W-sa∂ \n_-‘-\-bn¬ Bbncw tIm∏n ASn-°m≥ A\p-aXn \¬Ip-∂p-sh∂pw Adn-bn®p sIm≠p≈ adp-]Sn In´n. Rm≥ A{]Imcw sNbvXp.'' XpS¿∂v At±-lsØ kμ¿in® cwKw Cßs\ hnh-cn-°p∂p: ""Fs∂ I≠ am{X-bn¬ At±lw Fgp-t∂‰p h∂v Fs∂ BZ-cn-®n-cp-Øn. Rm≥ hfsc \n m-c-\mb a\p-jy≥. km[m-c-W-a-X-]-fin-X-∑m-cn¬ ImWmØ kz`m-hw. R߃ Zo\n Bb ]e Imcy-ßfpw kwkm-cn-®p. Fs∂ BZc-thmsS k¬°-cn-®p. sXm´´pØ apdn-bn-emWv Rm≥ cm{Xn InS-∂-Xv. Dd°w hcp-∂n-√. ASpØ apdn-bn¬ \n∂v Jp¿-B≥ ]mcm-b-W-Øn-s‚bpw \a-kvIm-c-Øn-s‚bpw i_vZw. IqsS Ic-®n-epw. hfsc sshIn Rm≥ Ddßn. t\cw ]pe¿∂-X-dn-™n-√. Im¬ s]cp-am‰w tI´p DW¿∂p. kp_vlv "JZm' BIm≥ C\n 15 an\p´v am{Xw _m°n-bp-≈p. At±lw Fs∂ DW¿Øn. F\n°v th≠n Xøm-dm-°nb NqSp-sh-≈-Øn¬ thKw hpZp 34

t\Xr-kvarXn

auem\m A_p- -_mlv AlvaZv Aen

sNbvXv \a-kvI-cn-®p... Cu a\p-jy≥ \nco-iz-c-hm-Zn-bm-sW∂v {]-N-cn-∏n® ]fin-X-∑m-sc-∏‰n F\n°v B›cyw tXm∂n.'' A_p- -_m-lns‚ BZ¿i hnip≤n t\cn´v I≠dn™ Cu hy‡n ]ns∂ At±-lsØ \ng¬ t]mse ]n¥p-S¿∂p. F√m {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fnepw klm-bn-®p. At±l-Øns‚ kvYm]-\-Øns‚ s\Spw XqWmbn amdn.

sslt{Zmkv h°otImgn-t°ms´ {]apJ A`n-`m-j-I≥, apkvenw eoKv Sn°-‰n¬ hnPbn® a{Zmkv \nbak`mw-Kw, tImgn-t°mSv ap≥kn-∏¬ Iu¨kn¬ saº¿ F∂o \ne-s°√mw {]kn-≤-\mb AUz.-Fw.-hn.-ssl-t{Zmkv A_p- -_mlp-ambn _‘-s∏-´-Xns‚ Ncn{Xw Cßs\: ""1945 se tImgn-t°mSv lnamb-Øp¬ Ckvemw kvIqfns‚ hm¿jnI tbmK-Øn¬ A_p- -_mlv AlvaZv Aen kmln_v B≤y£w hln-°p-sa∂v ImWn-°p∂ £W°Øv F\n°v In´n-b-t∏mƒ B Ah-kcw Rm≥ ]mgm-°n-bn-√. Xp¿°n sXm∏nbpw ss]Pm-abpw j¿hm-Wnbpw [cn® sNdnb XmSn-bp≈ Hcp sIm®p a\p-jy-\p-am-bmWv Rm≥ A∂v ]cn-N-b-s∏-´-Xv. kz¬]-t\-csØ kwkm-chpw s]cp-am-‰hpw Zo¿L-Im-e-tØ-°p≈ _‘-Øn\v hgn sXfnbn®p ASpØ Znh-kw, Rmb-dmgvN Rm≥ At±-lsØ kμ¿in-°msa∂v hm°v sImSp-Øp. auehn kmln- _ ns‚ ]cn- ] m- S n- I fpw hnZym- ` ymk X¬]- c - X bpw A∂sØ aX-]-fin-X-∑m-cn¬ \n∂v hyXy-kvX-\mb hy‡n-bmbn At±lsØ ImWm≥ Fs∂ t{]cn-∏n-®p. A\m-h-iy-amb X¿°-ß-fnkabw ]mgm-°msX krjvSn-]-c-ambn At±lw Bin® ]cn]mSn-I-fnHcp sNdnb ]¶v hln-°m-sa∂v Rm\pw G‰p.''

tImtfPv at©-cn-bn-te°v B\-°-bØv XpS-ßnb Ad-_n-t°m-tf-Pn¬ hnZym¿∞n-I-fpsS FÆw h¿[n-®p. kuI-cy-ß-fpsS A]-cym-]vX-X-Im-cWw hn]p-eo-I-cWw e£yw sh®v tImtfPv A[nIw Zqscb√mØ at©-cn-bn-te°v am‰m≥ Xocp-am\n-®p. InfnbaÆn¬ DÆo≥ kmln-_ns‚ Iqen°v hmßnb Hcp sI´n-SØn¬ 1944-˛¬ ¢m v Bcw-`n-®p. B h¿jw a{Zmkv bq\n-th-gvkn-‰n-bnhnZym¿∞n-Iƒ A^vk-ep¬ Deam ]co-£-s°-gp-Xp-Ibpw F√m-hcpw ]m m-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp. 1945-˛¬ a{Zmkv bq\n-th-gvkn‰n IΩo-j-W-dmbn \nb-an® tUm.-A-_vZp¬ lJv tImtfPv ]cn-tim-[n®v dnt∏m¿´v \¬In-bXns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ tImtf-Pn\v A^n-en-tb-j≥ e`n-®p. CtXmsS tIc-f-Øn¬ bq\n-th-gvkn‰n AwKo-Im-c-ap≈ BZysØ Ad-_n-t°m-tfPv F∂ Ncn-{X-]-c-amb ]Z-hn-bn-te°v duk-Øp¬ Depw Ad-_n-t°m-tfPv Db¿∂p. 1946 P\p-hcn Bdmw XnøXn sI.-Fw.-koXn kmln-_ns‚ A≤y35

]n.-ap-l-ΩZv Ip´-t»cn

£-X-bn¬ tImtf-Pns‚ hm¿jnIw kap-Nn-X-ambn BtLm-jn-°-s∏-´p.

Ahn-`‡ C¥y-bnse apkvenw eoKv t\Xmhpw ap≥ ]mIv {][m\ a{¥nbp- a m- b n- c p∂ enbm- J Øv Aen- J m≥ ae- _ m¿ ]cy- S - \ - Ø n- \ n- S - b ntImtfPv kμ¿in-®Xv tImtf-Pn\v henb {]i-kvXnbpw AwKo-Im-chpw t\Sn-s°m-SpØp.

duk-Øp¬ Deqw Atkm-kn-tb-j≥ Ip™m-en-°p´n lmPn-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn-ep≈ Hcp sNdnb IΩ-‰nbmWv CXv hsc tImtf-Pns‚ Imcy-߃ \n¿h-ln®p t]m∂n-cp-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ tImtf-Pns‚ hn]p-eo-I-cWw A\n-hm-cy-ambn h∂-Xn-\m¬ tIcf-Ønse {]apJ hy‡n-Iƒ Dƒs°m-≈p∂ Hcp henb IΩ‰n cq]o-I-cn°-W-sa∂ Nn¥ i‡-am-bn. 1946 P\p-hcn 6\v auehn A_p- -_mlns‚ A≤y-£-X-bn¬ tN¿∂ tbmKw At±lw {]-kn-U≠pw AUz.Fw.-hn.-ssl-t{Zmkv sk{I-´-dn-bpw Fw.-Ip-t™mbn sshZy¿, sI.-hn.-tN°p´n lmPn F∂n-h¿ Akn.-sk-{I-´-dn-am-cpw sI.-Fw.-ko-Xn-km-ln-_v, sI.Fw.-au-e-hn, lmPnA_vZp- -Øm¿ lmPn CkvlmJv tk´v, F.-A-_vZpƒ JmZ¿ lmPn (cm-P), ]p\-Øn¬ A_q-_-°¿ kmln-_v, Fkv.-Fw.skbvXv apl-ΩZv kmln_v F∂n-h¿ saº¿am-cp-ambn duk-Øp¬ Depw Atkm-kn-tb-j≥ F∂ t]cn¬ IΩ‰n cq]o-I-cn-®p. 1946 sabv 28\v skmssk-‰okv BIvSv {]Imcw Atkm-kn-tbj≥ cPn-kvX¿ sNø-s∏´p.

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5.

Sn∏p-hns‚ ^mdq-Jm-_m-Znhn⁄m\ ]q¶m-h\w tIc-f-Øn¬ Hcp an\n Akvl¿ F∂ kz]v\w hnZym-`ymkt{]anbmb A_p- -_m-lns‚ a\- n¬ \msº-Sp-°pI kzm`m-hn-I-am-Wv. ]t£, at©- c n- b nse Cu sIm®p sI´n- S - Ø n¬ Ad- _ n- t °m- t fPv {]h¿Øn-°p-t∂-S-tØmfw Imew AXns‚ hnIk-\-tam IqSp-X¬ hnZym`ymk ÿm]-\-ß-fpsS \n¿amWtam Hcn-°epw km[y-am-Ip-am-bn-cp-∂n√. IqSp-X¬ hnim-e-amb Hcp ÿe-tØ°v tImtfPv am‰pI F∂ Nn¥ At±-lsØ Ae-´n-s°m-≠n-cp-∂p. ]‰nb ÿew Is≠-Øm≥ AUz.Fw.-hn. sslt{Zmkv, Fw.-Ip-t™mbn sshZy¿ F∂n-hsc Npa-X-e-s∏-SpØn. Gd-\m-´n¬ Xs∂ tImgn-t°m-Sns‚ ]cn-k-cØv dbn¬th kuI-cyap≈ ÿe-am-bn-cn-°-W-sa∂ Xs‚ B{K-lhpw At±lw {]I-Sn-∏n-®p. \ntbm-Kn-°-s∏´ c≠p t]cpw ]e ÿe-ßfpw At\z-jn-s®-¶nepw Is≠Øm≥ Ign-™n√. A_p- -_m-ln-\m-Is´ Dd-°nepw DW¿®-bnep-sa√mw Cu Nn¥ Xs∂. Hcn-°¬ At±lw hnZym¿∞n-I-tfmSv ¢mkn\n-S-bn¬ tNmZn-®p. ""tIc-f-Øn¬ Hcp apkvenw Jeo-^-bpsS t]cp≈ ÿe-taXv?'' B¿°pw DØcw ]d-bm≥ Ign-™n-√. Ah-km\w DØcw At±lw Xs∂ hy‡-am°n ""^mdqJv!''

aΩnfn tZiw ^mdqJv B°nb Sn∏p ^tdm-°ns‚ Ncn{Xw Cßs\: Cu {]tZ-i-Øns‚ ]≠sØ t]cv aΩnfn tZiw F∂m-bn-cp∂p Nmen-bm-dns‚ XocØv A{]-i-kvX-amb Cu {]tZ-iØv Irjnbpw Imen hf¿Ø-ep-ambn Ign-™n-cp∂ Hcp hn`mKw Bf-pI-fmWv Xma-kn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. \mSphmgn-I-fmb aq Xvamcm-bn-cp∂p `cWw \S-Øn-bn-cp-∂-Xv. Sn∏p kp¬Øms‚ BK-a-\-Øn\v apºv ChnsS apkvenwIƒ D≈-Xmbn Adn-hn-√. At±lw h∂-tXmsS ]pcm-X\hmknI-fmb ]qtX-cn-I-f-S°w C√-ß-fn-ep-≈-h¿ A\y-tZ-i-ß-fn-te°v IpSn37

]n.-ap-l-ΩZv Ip´-t»cn

tb-dn-∏m¿Øp F∂mWv A\p-am-\n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. Sn∏p aΩnfn tZi-tØ°v h∂Xv ae-_m-dn¬ Xs‚ `cWw ÿm]n-°m≥ th≠n-bm-bn-cp-∂n-√. adn®v ]me-°mSv cmPmhv tImgn-t°ms´ kmaq-Xn-cn-bpsS B{I-a-W-Øn¬ \n∂v c£-In-´m-\mbn ssakq-cn¬ sN∂v sslZ-c-en-tbmSv klmbw tXSp-I-bmbn-cp-∂p. ssk\y-k-taXw 1755-˛¬ ae-_m-dn-se-Ønb sslZ-cen 1782-˛\ncym-X-\mb tijw 1788 ^n{_-hcn 11-˛mw Xnø-Xn-bmWv ]nXm-hns‚ ZuXyw Gs‰-SpØv Sn∏p tImgn-t°m-s´-Øp-∂-Xv. At±lw X\n°v Xmhf-ap-≠m-°m≥ sXc-s™-Sp-ØXv tImgn-t°mSv \n∂v 8 ssa¬ AIse ÿnXn sNøp-∂-Xpw tIm´ sI´m≥ ]‰nb Ip∂p-Ifpw XmgvhcIfp-a-Sßn-b-Xp-amb aΩnfn {]tZ-i-amWv. At±lw AXn\v [oc-\mb Jeo^ Da-dns\ A\p-kva-cn-∏n°pw hn[w "^mdq-Jm-_mZv' F∂v t]cn-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. aΩnfn {]tZ-isØ 105 ASn Db-c-ap≈ Ip∂n≥ apI-fn¬ \n∂v t\m°nbm¬ Xpd-ap-J-ßfpw \Zn-Ifpw ho£n-°mw. ChnsS Sn∏p \n¿an® \mep `mK-ßfpw Iq‰≥ InS-ßp-I-fm¬ Np‰-s∏´ tIm´-bn¬ ]md Xpc-∂p-≠m°nb shSn-a-cp-∂-d-Iƒ, Ccp-\q-tdmfw t]¿°n-cn-°m-hp∂ lmƒ, \ne-h-dIƒ, \mW-b-°-Ω-´-߃ F√mw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p-h-s{X. tIm´-bn¬ \n∂v ]pg-bn-te-°p≈ Xpc-¶w, I\m¬ F∂n-h-bp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. 685 ao‰¿ Np‰f-hn¬, 217 ao‰¿ hymkØn¬ HºXv G°¿ ÿe-Øm-bn-cp∂p Cu tIm´. Hmtcm `mKØpw Ft´mfw ]oc¶n Xd-I-fp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. tIm´-bn¬ \n∂v Ing°v amdn-bm-bn-cp∂p A∂sØ Aßm-Snbpw IShpw. CXn-\-Sp-ØmWv N¥-°p∂pw Np¶-hpw. t]´°v kao-]-ap≈ Pohlm\n ]d-ºn-emWv Ip‰-hm-fn-Isf Xq°n-sIm-∂n-cp-∂-Xv. AhnsS Hcp sNdnb ]≈n-bp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Cu ]≈n-bn¬ sh®mWv Sn∏p At±-lsØ ImWm≥ h∂ sImt≠m´n Xßsf kzoI-cn-®-sX∂v ]d-b-s∏-Sp-∂p.

GXm≠v aq∂v h¿jta tIm´-bp-ambn _‘-s∏´v Sn∏p-hn\v tImgn-t°mSv Xßm≥ Ign-™p-≈p. 1790 ¬ BZy-Øn¬ Imem-hÿ tami-am-b-Xn\m¬ tIm´bpw a‰p Imcy-ßfpw a¿Øm_v Jms\ G¬]n®p Sn∏p ssakqcn-te°v Xncn-®p-t]m-bn.

Sn∏p-hns‚ tk\m-\m-b-I≥ lpssk≥ Aen-Jm≥ ]c-∏-\-ßm-Sn-bn{_n´ojp-Im-tcmSv tXm‰-Xns\ XpS¿∂v {_n´ojv ]´mfw tIm´ ]nSs®-S-p°p-Ibpw 1792-˛93 ¬ Ah-cpsS Xmh-f-am-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Cw•o-jpIm¿°v ^mdq-Jm-_mZv ^tdm°v Bbn-am-dn.

A_p- -_m-lns‚ kz]v\ `qan Is≠Øn A_p- - _ m- l ns‚ kz]v \ - ` qan Is≠- Ø m≥ AUz.- F w.- h n.- s slt{Zmkpw Ipt™mbn sshZycpw \S-Ønb {ia-Øns‚ `mK-ambn ^tdm°nse ]uc-{][m-\n-bmb ]pfn-bmfn A_vZp-≈-°p´n lmPnsb kao-]n38

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®p. At±lw \n¿t±-in®X\p-k-cn®v Ah¿ c≠p-t]cpw Ct∏mƒ tImtfPv \ne sIm≈p∂ 28 G°¿ hcp∂ ÿew ]cn-tim-[n-®p. ap≈pw ImSpw Dcp-f≥ I√p-Ifpw \nd™ hnP-\-amb {]tZ-iw. FØn-t®-cm≥ hgn-bn-√.

Xmakn°m≥ sIm≈p-I-bn-s√∂pw ]nim-Np-°fpsS Bhmk tI{μ-amsW∂pw ÿe-]-cn-N-b-ap≈ Nne¿ ]d-™p. F∂m¬ Ah¿°p ÿew \t∂ CjvS-s∏-´p. A_p- -_m-lns\ hnh-c-a-dn-bn®p.

cmPm A_vZp¬Jm-Z¿ lmPn-bpsS HuZmcyw AXn-en-S°v tImtf-Pns‚ {]Nm-c-Wm¿∞w auem\m amln-bn-ep≈ At±-l-Øns‚ Hcp kplr-Øn-t\m-sSm∏w kntem-Wn-te°v t]mbn-cp-∂p.

F∂m¬ ]\n ]nSns]´v s]s´∂v aS-ßn. kpJ-an-√msX InS-°p-I-bm-bncp∂ At±-lsØ kμ¿in-°m≥ Nmh-°ms´ cmPm A_vZp¬ JmZ¿ lmPn Xma-k-ÿ-e-sØ-Øn. tImtf-Pns‚ hn]p-eo-IcWw Dt±-in®v ÿew hmßp-∂-Xn-s‚bpw IqSp-X¬ ÿm]-\-߃ \n¿an-°p-∂-Xn-s‚bpw Bh-iy-I-X-sb√mw auem\m At±-lsØ [cn-∏n-®p. lmPn-bpsS {]XnI-cWw Cß-s\-bm-bn-cp∂p: ""aue-ho, ÿm]-\sØ sNm√n \n߃ hnjan-t°-≠. \ap°v hgn-bp-≠m-°mw.'' Hcp ZrIvkm£n hnh-cWw: lmPn At±-l-Øns‚ Iº-\n-bnse Imcy-ÿ-t\mSv A_p- -_m-ln\v IsØgp-Xm-\p≈ hmNIw ]d™p sImSp-Øp. Imcy-ÿ≥: ""apX-emfo ]Xn\m- b ncw Ddp- ∏ nI sImSp- Ø m¬ \ΩpsS I®- h Sw ]ns∂ Fßs\ \S°pw?'' lmPn: ""\ap°v A√mlp Xcpw!'' A∂sØ ]Xn-\m-bncw Ddp∏n-I-bpsS hne C∂sØ \ne-hm-c-Øn¬ F{X hcp-sa∂v a\- n-em-°Ww. A√m-lp-hn-ep≈ ZrVhnizm-khpw ip`-{]-Xo-£bpw!

28 G°¿ \¬Inb A_vZp≈°p´n lmPn ^tdm-°n¬ ÿew t\m°m≥ \ntbm-Kn-°-s∏´ c≠p-t]cpw Is≠Ønb A\p-tbm-Py-amb ÿew hmßm≥ Xs∂ A_p- -_mlv Xocpam-\n-®p. hne \nP-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ Ch¿ c≠p-t]sc Xs∂ Npa-X-e-s∏-SpØn. A_p- -_m-lns‚ ssIh-i-ap≈ ]Xn-\m-bncw cq] sIm≠v ÿew hmßepw sI´nS \n¿am-Whpw c≠pw IqSn Fßs\ km[y-amIpw F∂ Bi-¶-bn-em-bn-cp∂p Ah¿. F¶nepw lmPn-tbmSv hn´p-hogvN sNøm≥ At]-£n-°m-sa∂ {]Xo-£-bn¬ At±-lsØ kao-]n-®p. ÿew hmßp∂-Xns‚ Dt±-iy-e-£y-߃ At±lw tNmZn-®-dn-™p. A_p- -_m-lns\ Ah¿ At±-l-Øn\v ]cn-N-b-s∏-SpØn sImSp-Øp. apkvenw kap-Zm-bØns‚ A`n-hr-≤n°v Bh-iy-amb hnZym-`ymk ÿm]-\-߃ \n¿an-°pI-bmWv e£y-sa∂v t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øn. At∏mƒ lmPn-bpsS {]Xn-IcWw : ""F∂m¬ Rm≥ Cu kzØv Hcp {]Xn-^-ehpw IqSmsX hJv^v sNbvXmtem?'' F{X kwip-≤-amb a\ v! Fs¥mcp `‡n. Cu ]pWy39

]n.-ap-l-ΩZv Ip´-t»cn

I¿aw ImcWw At±lw tIcf apkvenwIfpsS hnZym-`ymk Ncn-{X-Ønse Hcp kp{]-[m\ kw`-h-ambn amdn. kt¥mj`cn-X-cmb A_p- -_m-lns‚ {]Xn-\n[nIƒ ]d™p: ""A¬lw-Zp-en-√m..!'' hnhcw auem-\sb Adnbn-®p. ]{X-Zzmcm s]mXp-P-\-ß-sfbpw.

A£csshcn-I-fpsS FXn¿∏v Cu hm¿Ø apkvenw kap-Zm-b-Øn¬ s]mXpsh BÀmZw P\n-∏n-®t∏mƒ as‰mcp hn`m-K-Øn\v sR´-ep-≠m-°n. \m´n¬ hen-sbm-c-]-ISw kw`-hn-°m≥ t]mhp-I-bm-sW∂ hn[-Øn-em-bn-cp∂p Ah-cpsS kao-]\w. lmPnsb Cu DZy-a-Øn¬ \n∂v ]n¥n-cn-∏n-°m-\mbn Ah-cpsS {iaw. \m´n¬ \ne-hn-ep≈ k{º-Zm-b-Øn¬ \n∂p≈ Hcp am‰hpw AwKo-I-cn°mØ Hcp hn`mKw A∂v kPo-h-am-bn-cp-∂p. apkvenw kap-Zm-b-Øns‚ hnZym-`ymk apt∂-‰-Øn-\p≈ XS- hpw ]nt∂m-°m-h-ÿ-°p≈ ImcWhpw Cu hn`m-K-Øns‚ kao-]\w Xs∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p. ASp-sØmcp Znhkw h°oepw sshZycpw dPn-kvt{S-j≥ XnøXn \n¿W-bn-°m≥ lmPnbpsS hk-Xn-bn-se-Øn. At∏mƒ AhnsS Nne aX-]-fin-X-∑mcpw {]apJ-hy-‡n-I-fp-ap-≠v. Ch¿ Ccp-h-scbpw I≠-am-{X-bn¬ lmPn: ""tl, h°ote, B[mcw thKw dPn-kv{Sm-°q. F∂m¬ Ch¿°v thsd ]Wn t\m°ma-t√m.'' ]d™ hm°v am‰n-∏-d-bmØ am\y\pw \njvI-f-¶-\p-amb Cu a\p-jys‚ {]Jym-]\w At±lsØ ]n¥n-cn-∏n-°m≥ h∂-hsc Cfn-`ycm-°n. ASpØ Znhkw Xs∂ Ppap-A°v tijw duk-Øp¬ Depw Atkm-kn-tb-js‚ {]kn-U≠v F∂ \ne°v A_p- -_m-lns‚ t]cnÿew dPn-kvS¿ sNbvXp. "apkvenw kap-Zm-b-Øns‚ A`n-hr-≤n°pw Fs‚ ]c-tem-I-Kp-W-Øn\pw th≠n' F∂mWv B[mc-Øn¬ lmPn {]kvXm-hn-®n-´p-≈-Xv. 1947-˛¬ Ad-_n-t°m-tf-Pn-\p≈ sI´n-S-Øns‚ ]Wn Bcw-`n®p.

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auem\m A_p- -_mlv AlvaZv Aen

6. ^mdqJv tImtfPv : kap-Zm-b-Øns‚ {]Im-i-tKm-]pcw Aen-K¿ apkvenw bq\n-th-gvkn-‰n-bpsS ÿm]\w apkvenw C¥y-bpsS Ncn-{X-Ønse alm-kw-`-h-am-bn-cp-∂p. tIc-fob apkvenw kaq-l-ØnCXv hnZym-`ym-k-]-c-amb ]pXnb Ah-t_m[w krjvSn®p F∂Xv icn Xs∂. Ccp-]Xmw \q‰m-≠ns‚ \memw Zi-I-Øns‚ Ah-km-\-Øn-seØn-bn´pw Ah¿°v kz¥-ambn Hcp B¿Svkv & kb≥kv tImtfPv ÿm]n°m≥ Ign-™n√ F∂ ZpxJ-kXyw Ah-ti-jn-®p. AXn-\p≈ {iaw N¿®Iƒ°pw Xocp-am-\߃°pw IΩ‰n cq]o-I-c-W-Øn-\p-a-∏pdw apt∂m´v sIm≠v t]mIm≥ Ign-™n-√. ae-_m-dns‚ A∂sØ Bÿm-\-amb a{Zm-kn-em-Is´ apl-Ω-Z≥ tImtfPv t]mep≈ ÿm]-\-߃ \ne-hnh∂n´v h¿j-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p. apkvenwIƒ Ad-_n-˛-aX hn⁄m-\-ßfnam{X-a-√, B[p-\nI hnZym-`ym-k-Ønepw ]ptcm-KXn {]m]n-°-W-sa∂ Bibw A_p- -_mlv a\- n¬ t]dn-s°m≠v \S-∂p. Xm≥ _‘s∏´ apkvenw t\Xm-°fpw [\m-Vycpw hy‡n{]ap-J-cp-ambn Cu Bibw At±lw ]¶v sh°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. AUz-°‰v Fw.-hn.-ssl-t{Zmkv FgpXp-∂p: ""A_vZp¬ JmZ¿ lmPn hmKvZØw sNbvX 10000 I sIm≠v Ad_nt°mtf-Pn\v th≠n \n¿an-°p∂ sI´n-S-Øns‚ Xd-∏Wn GXm≠v Xo¿∂-t∏mƒ lmPn ]Wn°v ta¬t\m´w hln-°m≥ \ntbm-Kn-®n-cp∂ takv{Xn sambvXo≥ Ip´n F\n°v FgpXn: s]m∂p h°o-te, BsI Ipg-∏-Øn-em-b-t√m. FSpØ ]Wn ]q¿Øn-bm-°m≥ C\n F¥v am¿Kw?'' F∂m¬ Cu Ah-k-c-Ønepw auehn kmln-_ns‚ Bi apt∂m´v Xs∂bm-bn-cp-∂p. \ap°v Hcp _n.-F.-tIm-tfPv XpS-ßWw F∂v CXn-en-S°v ]e-t∏mgpw At±lw kl-{]-h¿Ø-I-tcmSv ]d-bm-dp-≠v.''

apkvenwIƒ°v Hcp ^Ãv t{KUv tImtfPv 1947 sabv 17-˛\v A_p- -_m-lns‚ A≤y-£-X-bn¬ tN¿∂ duk41

]n.-ap-l-ΩZv Ip´-t»cn

Øp¬ Deqw Atkm-kn-tb-js‚ tbmK-Øn¬ Atkm-kn-tb-js‚ IognHcp ^Ãv t{KUv tImtf-Pn\v AwKo-Im-c-Øn\v At]-£n-°m≥ Xocp-am\n-®p. AUz.-Fw.-hn.-ssl-t{Zmkv Fgp-Xp∂p: ""CXns‚ hnP-b-sØ-∏‰n Nne¿°v kwi-bhpw a‰p Nne¿°v ]cn-lm-k-hp-am-bn-cp-∂p. A∂p sI.Fw.-ko-Xn-km-ln_pw duk-Øp¬ Deqw Atkm-kn-tb-j≥ sk{I-´dn AUz.-Fw.-hn.-ssl-t{Zmkv kmln_pw a{Zmkv sePn. Akwªn saº¿amcm-bn-cp-∂p. A_p- -_mlv DSs\ a{Zm-kn-te°v ]pd-s∏-´p. Ch-cp-ambpw C¥y≥ bq\n-b≥ apkvenweoKv {]kn-U≠v apl-ΩZv CkvamCu¬ kmln_v, _n.-t]m-°¿ kmln_v F∂n-h-cp-ambpw N¿® sNbvXv tImtf-Pn\v At]£ \¬Im≥ Xocp-am-\n-®p. 1947 k]vXw-_¿ 17\v A_p- -_mlv Atkm-kn-tb-j≥ {]kn-U≠v F∂ \ne-°v tImtf-Pn\v bq\n-th-gvkn-‰nbn¬ At]£ \¬In. At]£tbmsSm∏w AS-t°≠ 600 I a{Zmknse Hcp I®-h-S-°m-c-\n¬ \n∂v hmbv] hmßp-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. kmºØn-I-ambn A{Xbpw hnj-am-h-ÿ-bm-bn-cp∂p A∂v. a{Zmkv bq\n-thgvkn‰n sshkv Nm≥k-e¿ tUm.-F.-e-£vaW kzman apX-en-bm¿ Cu DZy-a-Øn\v F√m-hn[ t{]m’m-l-\hpw \¬In. tUm.-A-_vZp¬ lJv, auem\m A_vZp¬ hlm_v _pJmcn F∂n-h¿ Bh-iy-amb F√m klmb-ßfpw \¬In. At]£ sImSpØ DSs\Øs∂ apl-ΩZv Ckvam-Cukmln-_ns‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ Hcp tbmKw tN¿∂v At±lw sNb¿am\pw AUz.-Fw.-hn.-ssl-t{Zmkv I¨ho-\-dp-ambn Ccp-]-XwK IΩ‰n tImtfPv XpS-ßm-\m-h-iy-amb ^≠v tiJ-c-W-Øn-\mbn cq]o-I-cn-®p. s]mXp-P-\ß-tfmSv klmbw \¬Im-\p≈ Hcp A`y¿∞-\bpw ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-®p. sI.Fw.-ko-Xn-km-ln-_v, t]m°¿ kmln-_v, cmPm A_vZp¬JmZ¿ lmPn, sImb-∏-sØmSn AlvaZv Ip´n, ]n.-]n.-l-k≥ tImb XpS-ßn-b-h-cpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn-emWv [\-k-am-l-cW {]-h¿Ø\w \S-∂-Xv. tImtf-Pns‚ AwKo-Im-c-Øn-\p≈ km[yX ]cn-tim-[n-°m≥ ]me-°mSv hnIvtSm-dnb tImtfPv {]n≥kn-∏mƒ sI.-Fkv.-bp.-\m-b¿ \ntbm-Kn-°-s∏-´p.

kw`m-h-\-I-fpsS {]hmlw 1948 G{]n¬ 9, 10 Xnø-Xn-I-fn¬ a{Zmkv k¿h-I-em-ime IΩo-j\mbn \ntbm-Kn® s{]m^.-A-ø-∏≥ ]n≈ ({]kn-U≥kn tImtf-Pv) tImtfPns‚ \n¿ZnjvS ÿew kμ¿in-®p. sI´nSw ]Wn-bm≥ Dt±-in®v ]q¿Ønbmb Hcp Xd am{Xta D≠m-bn-cp-∂p-≈p. F¶nepw AhnsS IqSnb kapZmb kvt\ln-I-fpsS Bth-ihpw \n›b Zm¿Vyhpw I≠-t∏mƒ kmt¶XnI {]Xn-_-‘-ß-sf-sb√mw adn-I-S∂v IΩo-j≥ A\p-Iqe \ne-]m-sSSp-°p-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. tImtf-Pn-\m-h-iy-amb kuI-cy-ß-sfm-cp-°m≥ kmh-Imiw \¬I-W-sa∂v IΩo-j≥ ip]m¿i sNbvXn-cp-∂p. AtXmsSm∏w bq\n-th-gvkn-‰n-bn¬ F≥tUmhvsa‚ v ^≠mbn 5 e£w cq] 42

t\Xr-kvarXn

auem\m A_p- -_mlv AlvaZv Aen

sI´n-sh-°m\pw \n¿tZ-in-®n-cp-∂p. \m´n¬ £maw \ne-\n¬°p∂ ka-bam-b-Xn-\m¬ CXn-te°v 1,70,000 I am{Xta ]ncn-s®-Sp-°m≥ Ign-™p≈p. C\n F¥v sNtø-W-sa-∂m-tem-Nn-°m≥ A_p- -_m-lns‚ A≤y£-X-bn¬ tbmKw tN¿∂p. ]Ww e`n-°mØ hnhcw tbmKsØ Adnbn-®-t∏mƒ AUz.-ssl-t{Zmkv Ic-bp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Xs‚ hoSpw ]dºpw ]W-b-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ Xøm-dm-sW∂v At±lw {]Jym-]n-®p. hmX-tcmKw ]nSns]´v Ah-i-\mbn tbmK-Øn¬ ]s¶-SpØ ]n.-Fw.-B-‰-t°mb X߃ Cu cwKw I≠v C{]-Imcw ]d™p: ""F\n°v \S-°m≥ hø. Fs∂ \n߃ Npa-en-te-‰n-s°m≠v \S-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ ]Ww Rm≥ ]ncn-®psIm-≈mw.'' Cu hm°p-Iƒ AhnsS IqSn-b-h-cn¬ Bthiw ]I¿∂p.

XpS¿∂p≈ {ia-Øns‚ ^e-ambn kw`m-h-\-I-fpsS {]hm-l-am-bn. sImSnsØmSn AlvaZv Ip´n kmln_v sImt≠m-´n-bnse F°m-]-d-ºn¬ 15 G°¿ `qan, sI.-Fw.-koXn kmln_v k`m ]dºv F∂ sXßn≥ tXm´w, kn±oJv tk´v kmln_v 404 G°¿ hcp∂ ]≈n-∏pdw ap\ºw FtÃ-‰v, aW-∏mSv Ip™n-ap-l-ΩZv lmPn ssh°w ap≠m¿ FtÉv F∂n-h-sb√mw kw`m-h-\-bmbn \¬In. Ad_nt°mtf-Pns‚ ]cn-k-cØv `qan \¬In-bh-cn¬ hSt° ho´n¬ sambvXn≥ Ip´n lmPn, hSt° ho´n¬ aΩp F∂nh¿ Dƒs∏-Sp-∂p. Aßs\ amkw tXmdpw 2000 cq]-bpsS BZmbw In´mhp∂ GI-tZiw Hcp e£w cq]-bpsS BkvXn thW-sa∂ bq\n-thgvkn‰n \n¿tZ-ihpw ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°-s∏-´p. tImtf-Pn\v At]£ ka¿∏n-®Xv duk-Øp¬ Deqw ^Ãv t{KUv tItfPv F∂ t]cn-em-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ ]n∂oSv sshkv Nm≥k-e¿ e£vaW kzman apX-en-bm-cpsS A`n-{]mbw am\n-®v, kønZv A_vZphlm_v _pJmcn kmln-_ns‚ D]-tZi{]Imcw tImtf-Pns‚ t]cv ÿe\m-a-tØm-sSm-∏n®v ^mdqJv F∂m°n am‰p-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. 1948 Pq¨ 12 \v B‰-t°mb Xß-fpsS ho´n¬ sh®v tN¿∂ Atkm-kn-tb-j≥ tbmK-Øn¬ sh®mWv Cu t]cv am‰-Øn\v AwKo-Imcw \¬In-b-Xv. AtX tbmK-Øn¬ sh®v Xs∂ Atkm-kn-tb-js‚ Iogn¬ ^mdqJv tImtfPn\pw Ad_nt°mtf-Pn\pw c≠v hyXykvX IΩ-‰n-Iƒ cq]o-I-cn-°m\pw Xocp-am-\-am-bn. sI.-Fw.-ko-Xn-km-ln_v sk{I-´-dn-bmbn sXc-s™-Sp-°s∏´ ^mdqJv tImtfPv IΩ-‰n-bpsS {]kn-U≠v Jm≥ _l-Zq¿ hn.-sI.-DÆn-°Ωp kmln_pw ssh.-{]-kn-U≠v Jm≥ _l-Zq¿ ]n.-Fw.-B-‰-t°mb Xß-fp-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]n.-sF.-Ip-™-l-ΩZv Ip´n lmPn tPm.-sk-{I-´-dn-bpw sI.-CkvamCu¬ kmln_v {Sj-dpw auehn A_p- -_mlv AlvaZv Aenbpw F.-sI.-Jm-Z¿ Ip´n kmln_pw AwK-ß-fp-am-bn-cp-∂p. auehn A_p -_mlv {]kn-U-≠mbn Ad-_n-t°m-tf-Pn\v as‰mcp IΩ-‰nbpw \nehn¬ h∂p. Atkm-kn-tb-js‚ Iogn-ep≈ kzØp-°fpw c≠p -I-Ω-‰n43

]n.-ap-l-ΩZv Ip´-t»cn

Iƒ°p-ambn hn`-Pn-°-s∏-´p. Ad-_n-t°m-tf-Pn\v th≠n \n¿amWw \S∂p sIm≠n-cn-°p∂ Hcp lmfpw \mep ¢m v apdn-I-fp-ap≈ sI´nSw ^mdqJv tImtf-Pn\v AwKo-Imcw e`n-°p-tºmƒ AXn\v hn´p-sIm-Sp-°m≥ Xocpam-\n-®p. Ad-_n-t°m-tfPv at©-cn-bn¬ \n∂v ^tdm-°n-te°v jn^v‰v sNbvX-t∏mƒ X¬°mew ¢m p-Iƒ Bcw-`n-®Xv Bim-cn-∏-Wn°v th≠n D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp∂ sjÕn-emWv. F∂m¬ ]ns∂ ^tdm-°nse ac-hy-hkm-bnbpw DZm-c-a-Xn-bp-amb sI.-A-h-dm≥Ip´n lmPn ap≥ ssIsø-SpØv Ad-_n-t°m-tf-Pn\v kz¥-ambn CS-®p-a-cp-I-sfm-∂p-an-√mØ Hcp lmƒ \n¿an®p sImSp-Øp. At±lw kz¥w \ne-°mWv ^mdqJv tImtfPv Imºknse akvPn-Zp¬ Akvl¿ \n¿an-®Xpw. Ad-_n-t°m-tfPv sI´n-S-Ønkv{Io\p-Iƒ sh®v ¢m p-Iƒ Bcw-`n-®p.

{]Ya {]n≥kn∏mƒ ^mdqJv tImtf-Pns‚ {]Ya {]n≥kn-∏mƒ Bbn skbvXv aplvb±o≥ jmsb \nb-an-°m≥ Xocp-am-\n-®p. A_p- -_m-lns\ G‰hpw A[nIw BZ-cn-°p-Ibpw kvt\ln-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp∂ At±lw a{Zmkv Kh.k¿ho-kn¬ \n∂v eosh-SpØv h∂v ^mdqJv tImtf-Pns‚ ÿm]-\-Øn\v th≠n ITn\ bXv\w \S-Øp-Ib - m-bn-cp-∂p. ^tdm-°n-s\-∏‰n jm kmln_v at©-cn-bn¬ sh®v A_p- -_m-lp-am-bp-≠mb Hc-\p-`hw Cßs\ hnhcn-°p∂p: ""Hcp Znhkw {]m¿∞-\-°n-S-bn¬ A_p- -_mlv auehn Ft∂mSv ]d™p: ""^mdqJv! ^mdqJv! Fs∂mcp i_vZw kz]v\-Øn¬.

F¥mWo ^mdq-Jv.'' Rm≥ ]d™p: tImgn-t°m-Sn-\-SpØ Hcp ÿe-amW-Xv. AXns‚ icn-bmb t]cv ^mdqJm_mZv F∂m-Wv. Sn∏p-kp¬Øm≥ tIc-f-Øns‚ Xe-ÿm-\-am-°m≥ Hcp-°n-bn-cp∂ ÿe-am-W-Xv. "^mdqJv' F∂ ÿeØv h√ ÿm]-\hpw \n¿an-°mtam F∂mtemNn°-Ww˛ A_p- -_mlv ]d-™p.' Kh.-ap-l-Ω-Z≥ tImtfPv s{]m^-k-dm-bn-cp∂ jm kmln-_n-t\mSv ^mdqJv tImtf-Pns‚ {]n≥kn-∏mƒ ÿm\w Gs‰Sp-°m≥ apl-ΩZv CkvamCu¬ kmln_pw t]m°¿ kmln_pw \n¿tZin-®p. tImtfPv Bcw-`n-°p-∂-Xn\v k¿h-I-em-im-e-bpsS AwKo-Imcw e`n®p. 1948 Pq¨ 12 \v 1 aWn°v Jm≥ _l-Zq¿ ]n.-Fw.-B-‰-t°mb XßfpsS hk-Xn-bn¬ sh®v tImtfPv Bcw-`n-®-Xmbn {]Jym-]n-°-s∏-´p. sI´nS-Øns‚ ]Wn ]q¿Øn-bm-Im-Ø-Xn-\m¬ ^tdm°v Np¶-Øn-\-SpØ IfØn-߬ CkvamCu¬ kmln-_ns‚ hk-Xn-bn-emWv tImtfPv Bcw-`n®-Xv. C‚¿ aoUn-b-‰v, _n.-F.-¢m- p-Ifpw 32 hnZym¿∞n-I-fp-am-Wp-≠m-bncp-∂-Xv. ]n∂oSv sI´nSØns‚ ]Wn ]q¿Øn-bm-b-t∏mƒ AXn-te°v am‰n.

BkmZv tlmì \ne-hn¬ hcp-∂Xv hscbpw CkvamCu¬ kmln_ns‚ sI´n-S-Øn¬ Xs∂-bmWv hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ Xma-kn-®n-cp-∂-Xpw. 44

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auem\m A_p- -_mlv AlvaZv Aen

hn.-ap-l-ΩZv kmln_v ^mdqJv tImtfPv Bcw-`n® BZy Znhkw Xs∂ ÿm]-\-Øn¬ A≤ym-]-I-\mbn tkh-\-am-cw-`n-®p. At±lw A_p- _m-lns\ 1944 apX¬t° ImWm-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. hn.-ap-l-ΩZv kmln_v Fgp-Xp∂p: ""1944-˛48 ImeØv auehn kmln_v CS-°nsS aZn-cm-in-bnhcm-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. At∏mƒ {S^vfn-°-bn¬ ssltdm-Un¬ Xpdm_v lpssk≥ kmln_v Xma-kn-®n-cp∂ ho´n¬ AXn-Yn-bm-bn-´mWv At±lw Xma-kn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. B tdmUn¬ \n∂v A[nIw AI-se-b-√m-bn-cp∂p Rm\pw Kh.-aplΩZ≥ tImtf-Pnse Nne tIc-fob hnZym¿∞n-Ifpw Xmakn-®n-cp∂ ss{S\nwKv kvIqƒ tlmì. auehn kmln_v h∂m¬ Nne tIcf°mcmb hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ B ho´n¬ t]mbn Ipd®p kabw At±l-Øns‚ IqsS sNe-h-gn-°m-dp-≠v. Xpdm_v lpssk≥ kmln_pw AhnsS D≠m-Ipw.''

apkvenweoKpw ^mdqJv tImtfPpw ^mdqJv tImtfPv ÿm]n-°p-∂-Xn¬ apkvenw eoKpw AXns‚ apJ]-{X-amb N{μn-Ibpw hln® ]¶v A\n-tj-[y-a-s{X. kn.-F-Ov.-ap-l-ΩZv tImb Fgp-Xp-∂p. ""tImtf-Pns\ kw_-‘n® Hcm-thiw kap-Zmb a[yØn¬ ]c-Øp-∂-Xn\pw tImtf-Pn\v e`n® kw`m-h-\-Iƒ°v {]kn-≤o-IcWw \¬IpI hgn IqSp-X¬ DZm-c-X°v {]-tNm-Z\w \¬Ip-∂-Xn\pw N{μnI hln® ]¶v A∂v B ]{X-Ønse Hcp {]h¿Ø-I-\m-bn-cp∂ Rm≥ A`n-am\ ]q¿hw kvacn-°p-∂p. Iptd-Imew N{μn-I-bpsS tImfß-fn-emWv tImtfPv Pohn-®-Xv. kap-Zmbw s]mXpsh Bthiw ImWn®p-sh-¶nepw kmº-Øn-I-amb _mem-cn-jvSp-Iƒ ÿm]\w apXte tImtfPns\ sR°n-s°m-≠n-cp-∂p. A∂v sI.-Fw.-koXn kmln_v ae-_m¿ Pn√m apkv e nw eoKns‚ sk{I- ´ - d n- b m- b n- c p- ∂ p. At±- l - Ø n- s ‚bpw JPm©n F.-sI.-Jm-Z¿Ip´n kmln-_n-s‚bpw ]cn-{i-a-^-e-ambn Pn√meoKv ^≠n¬ \n∂v 25000 I ^mdqJv tImtfPv ^≠n-te°v \¬Im≥ Pn√m eoKv kΩ-Xn-®p. A∂sØ \ne°v AsXmcp henb kw`m-h-\-bmbn-cp-∂p. AXn\v ]pdsa Hcp Imdpw tImtf-Pn\v th≠n \¬In-bn-cp-∂p.''

B Ime-L-´-Øn¬ ae-_m¿ apkvenw eoKns‚ A≤y-£-\m-bn-cp∂ kønZv A_vZp-dlvam≥ _m^°n X߃ tImtf-Pns‚ ss^\m≥kv IΩ‰n saº-dm-bn-cp-∂p. apkvenw eoKv t\Xm-hmb koXn kmln_v tImtfPn\v th≠n sNbvX tkh-\-߃ B¿°pw hnkva-cn-°m≥ Ign-bmØ Ncn{X tcJ-bm-Wv. H∂mw t{KUv tImtfPv Bcw-`n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ ^≠v ]ncn-®p-≠m-°p-∂-Xn¬ At±lw \n¿Wm-b-I-amb ]¶v hln-®p. At±-lØns‚ ]nXmhv ePv\-Øp¬ la-Zm-\nb kwL-Øn\v kw`m-h\ sNbvXncp∂ kzØv At±lw ^mdqJv tImtf-Pn\v \¬In. 1947 ¬ tImtf-Pns‚ BZysØ `cW kanXn cq]o-I-cn-®Xv apX¬ acWw hsc koXn-km45

]n.-ap-l-ΩZv Ip´-t»cn

ln_v AXns‚ sk{I-´-dn-bmbn XpS¿∂p.

apkvenw kap-Zm-b-Øns‚ Bthiw ^mdqJv tImtf-Pns‚ ÿm]\w tIc-f-Ønse apkvenw hnZym-`ymk Ncn-{X-Øn¬ Hcp ]pXnb A≤ym-b-Øns‚ XpS-°-am-bn-cp-∂p. Ac-\q-‰m≠n-\n-S°v ]ecpw ]e kμ¿`-ß-fn-embn apkvenwIƒ°v Hcp tImtfPv ÿm]n-°m≥ {ian®p ]cm-P-b-s∏-t´-S-ØmWv Hcp aX-]-fin-X-\mb A_p -_mlv hnPbw t\Sp-∂-Xv. CXn-eqsS At±lw a\- n¬ c≠p-h¿jambn Xmtem-en-®p- sIm≠v \S∂ kz]v\w km£m-Xv°-cn-°-s∏-´p. A_p -_m-ln\v Fßs\ CXv km[n®p? A°m-esØ kap-Zmb t\Xm-°fpsSbpw [\m-Vy-∑m-cp-sSbpw {]apJ hy‡n-I-fp-sS-bp-sa√mw ]n¥pW F¥vsIm≠v At±-l-Øn\v e`n-®p? At±-l-Øns‚ \nkzm¿∞-X-bnepw kap-Zmb ]ptcm-K-Xn-bn-ep≈ XmXv]-cy-Ønepw kaq-l-Øn\v ]q¿W-hnizm-k-am-bn-cp-∂p. A√m-lp-hn-ep≈ AN-©-e-amb hnizm-kw, Ahs‚ klmbw e`n-°p-sa∂ Dd-∏v, {]Xn-_-‘-ßsf AXn-P-bn-°m-\p≈ IcpØv, Bfl-hn-izm-kw, ip` {]Xo-£˛ Ch-sbm-s°-bm-bn-cp∂p B hnZym`ymk{]h¿Ø-Is‚ ssIap-X¬. Hcp e£yw apºn¬ I≠m¬ AXn\v XS- - a mbn \n¬°p∂ GXv {]Xn- _ - ‘ - s Øbpw X´n- b - I - ‰ m- \ p≈ \n›bZm¿Vyw A_p- -_m-lns‚ apJ-ap-{Z-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Ad-_n-t°m-tfPns‚ Bh-iym¿∞w hJv^v sNø-s∏´ 28 G°¿ `qan-bn¬ 17 G°dpw \n¿amWØnen-cn-°p∂ sI´n-Shpw At±lw ^mdqJv tImtf-Pn\v hn´psIm-Sp-Øp. apkvenw kap-Zmbw aX [m¿anI hnZym-`ym-k-Ønepw B[p\nI hnZym-`ym-k-Ønepw Htc Ah-kcw ]ptcm-K-Xn-bm¿Pn-t°-W-sa∂ Nn¥-bmWv B ]cn-jvI¿Øm-hns\ \bn-®n-cp-∂-Xv.

46

t\Xr-kvarXn

auem\m A_p- -_mlv AlvaZv Aen

7. hn⁄m-\-∏q-¶m-h-\-Øns‚ hnkva-b-I-c-amb hf¿® A_p- -_mlv Bcw-`n® BZysØ hnZym-`ymk ÿm]-\-Øn\pw hnZym-`ymk {]h¿Ø\w \S-Øm-\p≈ kwL-S-\bv°pw "hn⁄m-\-ßfpsS ae¿hmSn' F∂¿∞-ap≈ duk-Øp¬ Deqw F∂v t]cv \¬In-bt∏mƒ At±-l-Øns‚ a\- nse k¶¬]w hnhn[ ÿm]-\-߃ Xe Db¿Øn \n¬°p∂ alm hn⁄m\ kap-®-b-am-Wv. ImSv aqSn°nS-∂, Ipdp-°-∑m-cp-sSbpw ]mºp-I-fp-sSbpw Bhmk tI{μ-am-bn-cp∂ Ccp-aq-fn∏-d-ºns\ Xs‚ a\- nse ]q¶m-h-\-am°n am‰m≥ At±lw ITn-\-bXv\w \S-Øp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. ]W-°mcpw ]fin-X-∑mcpw cmjv{Sob t\Xm-°fpw hnZym-k-º-∂-cp-sa√mw At±-l-Øns‚ Ic-߃°v i‡n ]I¿∂p.

Ad_nt°mtf-Pns‚bpw ^mdqJv tImtf-Pns‚bpw c≠n-s‚bpw ]ptcmK-Xn°pw IqSp-X¬ ÿm]-\-߃ ]Sp-Øp-b¿Øp-∂-Xn\pw At±lw {iaw \S-Øn-s°m-≠n-cp-∂p.

Ad-_n-t°m-tf-Pn\v ]pXnb sI´nSw Ad-_n-t°m-tf-Pn\v hn]p-e-amb kuI-cy-߃ AS-ßnb ¢m v apdnIƒ Dƒs°m-≈p∂ ]pXnb sI´nSw. AXns‚ ap≥h-iØv CuPn-]vjy≥ Iem- I m- c - ∑ m¿ Xøm- d m- ° nb Jp¿- B ≥ hmIy- ß ƒ sImØn- s h- ® p. hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°v Xma-kn-°m≥ tlmì \n¿an-®p. `£-Whpw Xmakhpw Ah¿°v kuP-\y-ambn \¬In. kaq-l-Øn\v hn⁄m\w ]I¿∂p sImSp-°p-Ibpw Ah¿°v am¿KZ¿i\w \¬Ip-Ibpw sNøp∂ Hcp aX]-fin-X-\p-≠m-bn-cn-t°≠ Ign-hp-I-sfbpw KpWhnti-j-ß-sfbpw kw_‘n®p At±-l-Øn\v hy‡-amb ImgvN-∏m-Sp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. CuPn-]vXnse kp{]-kn-≤-amb A¬ Akvl¿ k¿h-I-em-im-e-bn¬ \n∂v ]pdØv hcp∂ {]K-¤-cmb ]fin-X-∑m-cpsS Nn{X-amWv At±-l-Øns‚ a\- nep-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. Ad_n `mj-bnepw aX-hn-⁄m-\-ß-fnepw \√ Ignhpw 47

]n.-ap-l-ΩZv Ip´-t»cn

B[p-\nI Nn¥bpw tkh\ {]Xn-_-≤-X-bp-ap-≈-h-cm-bn-cn-°Ww Xs‚ injy-∑m-sc∂v e£yw sh®v At±lw {]h¿Øn-®p. ]t£, hnZym¿∞nI-fpsS sNe-hn\pw A[ym-]-I¿°v iºfw sImSp-°p-∂-Xn\pw {]Xn-amkw \s√mcp kwJy Bh- i y- a m- b n- c p- ∂ p. hnI- k \ {]h¿Ø- \ - ß ƒ°v thsdbpw ]Ww Is≠-Ø-Ww. A∂sØ Ahÿ Ad-_n-t°m-tfPv ko\n-b¿ A≤ym-]-I-\m-bn-cp∂ Fw.-ap-l-ΩZv A_p- -emlv auehn Cßs\ hnh-cn-°p∂p: ""kz¥w hoSn-t\-°mƒ auehn kvt\ln-®n-cp-∂Xv tImtf-Pn-s\-bm-bncp-∂p. hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°v Hcp Znhkw ]´n-Wn-bm-sW∂v I≠m¬ FhnsS-sb-¶nepw t]mbn IS-am-bn-s´-¶nepw Acnbpw km[-\-ßfpw hmßns°m≠p hcpw.'' A≤ym-]-I-cpsS Ahÿ Cß-s\-bm-bn-cp∂p: ""A≤ym]-I-cmbn A∂v R߃ Bdv t]cp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. R߃°v iº-f-an-√. kw`m-h\ In´p-∂-Xn¬ \n∂v h√Xpw Xcpw. hfsc sNdnb XpI AXpw ÿnc-ambn In´p-I-bn-√. Aß-s\-sbm-s°-bm-sW-¶nepw Bflm¿∞X sIm≠m-hWw R߃ kwXr-]vX-cm-bn-cp∂p''. apkvenw kap-Zm-b-Øns‚ kmº-ØnI \ne H´pw sa®-a-√mØ Hcp Ime-am-bn-cp∂p AXv. Cß-s\sbm-s°-bm-sW-¶nepw A√mlp klm-bn-°p-sa∂ ip`m]vXn hnizmkw ssIap-X-em°n A_p- -_mlv apt∂m´v \oßn. A`n-hr≤n ]≤-Xn-Iƒ At±lw XpS¿∂p sIm≠n-cp-∂p.

^mdqJv sslkvIqƒ Xm≥ hn`m-h\w sNøp∂ hn⁄m\ ae¿hm-Sn-bn¬ {]mY-anI hnZym`ymkw apX¬ _ncp-Zm-\-¥c _ncpZw hsc-bp≈ tImgvkp-Ifpw A[ym]-Isc hm¿sØ-Sp-°m-\p≈ ÿm]-\hpw thW-sa∂v A_p- -_mlv hn`m-h\w sNbvXn-cp-∂p. 1954-˛¬ Ad_n `mjbv°v IqSp-X¬ {]m[m\yw \¬Ip∂ "^mdqJv Hmdn-b‚¬ sslkvIqƒ' F∂ ÿm]\w Ad-_nt°m-tfPv amt\-PnwKv IΩ-‰n-bpsS Iogn¬ At±lw ÿm]n-®p. F∂m]ns∂ kvIqfns‚ ]ptcm-K-Xnbpw PmXn-a-X-t`-Z-at\y IqSp-X¬ t]¿°v ]Tn-°m-\p≈ kuI-cyhpw ap≥\n-dpØn 1957-˛¬ AXv Hcp km[m-cW sslkvIq-fm°n am‰n. kvIqfn-t\m-S-\p-_-‘n®v tlmì kuIcyw G¿s∏-SpØnbXn-\m¬ tIc-f-Øns‚ \m\m-`m-KØp \n∂p-ap≈ apkvenw hnZym¿∞n- I ƒ kv I qfn¬ ]Tn- ° m≥ FØn- b n- c p- ∂ p. Ah¿s°√mw {]tXyI aX-]-T\ ¢m p-Ifpw G¿s∏-Sp-Øn. hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°p≈ tlmì \n¿an®p kw`m-h\ sNbvXXv cmPm A_vZp¬ JmZ¿ lmPnbm-bn-cp-∂p. 1960-˛¬ sslkvIq-fn-t\m-S-\p-_-‘n®v temh¿ ss{]adn kvIqfpw ÿm]n®p. Cu ÿm]-\ß - f - p-sS-sb√mw amt\-P¿ A_p- _ - mlv auehn Xs∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

48

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auem\m A_p- -_mlv AlvaZv Aen

jm kmln-_n\p tijw Im´n¬ \n∂v \m´n¬ h∂ A_p- -_m-ln\v Fs¥m-s°tbm kn≤nI- f p- s ≠∂ hnizm- k - ° m- c - \ m- b n- c p- ∂ p ^mdqJv tImtf- P ns‚ {]Ya {]n≥kn∏mƒ Bb skbvXv aplvb±o≥jm. aue-hn-tbm-sSm∏w At±lw ^mdqJv tImtf-Pns\ iq\y-X-bn¬ \n∂v ]Sp-Øp-b¿Øp-I-bmbn-cp∂p. sI´n-S-߃°m-h-iy-amb ]Ww tiJ-cn-°m-\mbn At±lw hn{i-a-an-√msX HmSn \S-∂p. hnZym¿∞n-I-sfbpw A≤ym-]-I-scbpw Is≠-ØpI AXnt\-°mƒ {]bm-k-I-c-am-bn-cp-∂p. ""A≤ym-]-I¿°v iºfw sImSp-°m≥ ]W-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. ]etcmSpw hy‡n]c-ambn ISw hmßn iºfw sImSp-Øp. F∂m¬ ]e-t∏mgpw F\n°v iº-f-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√.'' ˛jm kmln_v Fgp-Xp-∂p. ssl{Zm-_m-Zn¬ Hcp tImtf-Pns‚ {]n≥kn-∏mƒ Bbn-cp∂ AΩm-hs‚ kz¥w ]pkvXI tiJ-c-Øn¬ \n∂v 1000 ]pkvXI-߃ kºm-Zn®v BZy-ambn jm kmln_v ^mdqJv tImtfPv sse{_dn°v XpS°w Ipdn-®p. A°m-eØv tImtf-Pn\v t\sc s]mXp-P-\-߃°p≠m-bn-cp∂ hnImcw a\- n-em-°m≥ DX-Ip∂ Hcp kw`hw: jm kmln_v ^tdm°v Np¶Øv tdmUn-eqsS \S∂p t]mhp-I-bm-Wv. Hcp sXmgn-emfn At±-lsØ kao-]n-®p. Hcp Ddp-∏nI tImtf-Pn\v kw`m-h-\-bmbn \¬In. Fs¥m- c m- t hiw! tImtf- P n\v ]Ww ]ncn- ° p- ∂ - t Xm- s Sm∏w ]pXnb tImgvkp-Ifpw ^m°¬‰n-Ifpw ÿm]n®p A°m-U-anIv \ne A`n-hr-≤ns∏-Sp-Øm\pw At±lw bXv\n-®p. Aßs\ kap-Zmb a≤y-Ønepw bq\nth-gvkn‰n Xe-Ønepw XpS°w sXmt´ tImtf-Pn\v \s√mcp t]cv t\Sns°m-Sp-°m≥ At±-l-Øn\v Ign-™p.

F∂m¬ jm kmln_v a{Zmkv k¿°m¿ k¿ho-kn¬ \n∂v A©p h¿jsØ sU]yq-t´-j-\n¬ h∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂p-h-t√m. ^mdqJv tImtfPv amt\-PnwKv IΩ‰n {]kn-U-≠m-bn-cp∂ F.-sI.-Ip-™n-am-b≥ lmPn-bpsS Bhiy {]Imcw At±lw Hcp h¿jw IqSn XpS¿∂p. 1955-˛¬ k¿ho-knte°v Xncn®p t]mbn. as‰mcp {]n≥kn-∏mƒ \nb-an-X-\m-Ip-∂Xv hsc KWnX imkv{X hn`mKw s{]m^-k-dm-bn-cp∂ F≥.-hn.-_o-cm≥ kmlo_v Bÿm\w hln®p 1957-˛¬ BWv Cw•ojv s{]m^-k¿ Bbn-cp∂ sI.F.-P-eo¬ kmln_v {]n≥kn-∏mƒ Bbn \nb-an-X-\m-Ip-∂-Xv. At±lw hmWn-b-ºmSn Ckvemanb tImtf-Pn¬ eIvN-d¿ Bbn-cn-°p-tºm-gmWv ^mdqJv tImtf-Pns‚ ]ckyw ImWp-∂-Xv. s{]m^. Peo¬ Fgp-Xp∂p: ""D¬km-l-tØmSpw {]Xo-£-tbmSpw 1948 PqWn¬ Rm≥ ^tdm°v sdbn¬sh tÃj-\n¬ h≠n-bn-d-ßn. ]e-tcmSpw At\z-jn-®n´pw tImtfPn-s\-°p-dn®v B¿°pw Adn-bn-√m-bn-cp-∂p. tÃj\p apºn¬ kwi-bn®p \n¬°p-tºmƒ Hcp Po∏v apºn¬ h∂p \n∂p. auehn A_p _mlv AlvaZv Aen kmln-_mWv Po∏n-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. Fs‚ {]tXyI thjw 49

]n.-ap-l-ΩZv Ip´-t»cn

I≠v kwi-bn®v \n¿Øn-b-Xm-bn-cn-°-Ww. R߃ Hcp-an®v tImgn-t°mSv sslt{Zmkv h°o-ens‚ ho´n¬ t]mbn. A∂p cm{Xn Xs∂ tImtfPv amt\-PnwKv IΩ-‰n-tbmKw tImgn-t°mSv \S-°p-∂ps≠∂pw AXn¬ ]s¶SpØ tijw Xncn®p t]mIm-sa∂pw Ah¿ ]d-™p. Rm≥ XmPvaltlm´-en¬ apdn-sb-Sp-Øp. t\cmw-hÆw Ipfn-°m≥ t]mepw kuI-cy-an√mØ B tlm´-ense Xmakw Ct∏mgpw Hm¿a-bn-ep-≠v. B‰-t°mb Xß-fpsS ho´n-emWv IΩ‰n tbmKw. Rm≥ FØn-t®¿∂ DSs\ Xet»-cn-bn¬ \n∂v koXn kmln_pw FØn-t®¿∂p. R߃ Gsd t\cw kwkm-cn-®p. tbmK-Øn¬ sh®p-≠mb Xocp-am-\-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-ØnCkvemanb tImtf-Pn¬ \n∂v cmPn sh®v ^mdqJv tImtf-Pn¬ eIvN-d¿ Bbn tN¿∂p.

s{]m^: Peo¬ {]n≥kn-∏mƒ s{]m^-k¿ Peo¬ A_p- -_m-lp-ambn IqSn-bm-tem-Nn®pw kl-Icn®pw {]h¿Øn-°m≥ {]tXyIw {i≤n-®p. tImtf-Pn\v A¬`p-X-I-c-amb hf¿®- b mWv At±- l - Ø ns‚ Ime- Ø p- ≠ m- b - X v . t\csØ sI.CkvamCu¬ kmln_v \n¿an® 40 apdn-I-fp≈ BkmZv tlmÃepw A_vZp≈°p´n lmPn \n¿an® \yqtlm-Ã-epw Ah-dm≥ Ip´n-lmPn \n¿an® t\m¿Øv CuÃv tlmÃ-ep-amWv tImtf-Pn-\p-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ Peo¬ kmln_v F.-e-£vaW kzman apX-en-bm-cpsS \ma-t[-bØn¬ F.-F¬.-Fw.-tlm-Ã-epw, bp.-Pn.-kn. ^≠v D]-tbm-Kn®v k¿ kønZv tlmÃ-epw, amt\-PnwKv IΩ‰n {]kn-U-≠m-bn-cp∂ F.-sI.-Ip-™n-am-b≥ lmPn-bpsS kw`m-h-\-bmb {]kn-U≥kv tlmÃepw \n¿an-®p. C≥tUm˛-km-c-k≥ in¬]-Iem `wKn-tbmsS \n¿an® cmPm-tK‰v cmPm A_vZp¬JmZ¿ lmPn-bpsS kw`m-h-\-bm-Wv. bp\kvtIm slUv Izm¿t´-gvkns‚ amXrI-bn¬ \n¿an® sabn≥ _n¬UnwKv ]WnXXpw Peo¬ kmln_ns‚ Ime- Ø m- W v. 1959- ˛ ¬ BWv ^mdqJv tImtf- P n¬ BZy- a mbn s]¨Ip´nIƒ°v {]th-i\w \¬In-b-Xv. AXpw kap-Zm-b-Øns‚ {]XnI-c-W-sØ-∏-‰n-bp≈ `bm-i-¶-I-tfm-sS. A∂v BsI tN¿∂ ]Xn-aq∂v s]¨Ip-´n-I-fn¬ apkvenw s]¨Ip´n Htc Hcmƒ am{Xw. ]n∂oSv s]¨Ip´n-Iƒ°v am{X-ambn Hcp tlmì ]Wn-Xp. a{Zmkv Kh¿sa‚ns‚ tIm˛Hm-∏-d-‰ohv luknwKv kvIoan¬ 14 Ãm^v tIm¿t´-gvkp-Iƒ ]Wn-Xp. bp.Pn.-kn. {Km‚ v D]-tbm-Kn®v Bdv Izm¿t´-gvkp-I-fp-ap-≠m-°n. bp.-Pn.-kn-bn\n∂v In´m-hp∂ klm-b-߃ Hs° t\Sn-sb-Sp-°p-∂-Xn¬ Peokmln_v Akm-am\y sshZ-Kv[y-amWv ImWn-®-Xv. Ip™men ac-°m¿ Ct‚m¿ tÃUnbw, kpthm-fPn Kth-jW tI{μw, sl¬Øv sk‚¿, tImtfPv {Ku≠v, Im‚o≥ XpS-ßnb Ht´sd ]ptcm-K-Xn-Iƒ At±-lØn\v t\Sn-sb-Sp-°m≥ Ign-™p. ^mdqJv tImtf-Pn-t\m-S-\p-_-‘n®v 50

t\Xr-kvarXn

auem\m A_p- -_mlv AlvaZv Aen

koXn-km-ln_v satΩm-dn-b¬ _n¬Unw-Kn¬ A[ym-]I ]cn-io-e-\-Øn\mbn ^mdqJv ss{S\nwKv tImtfPv Bcw-`n-®Xpw At±-l-Øns‚ ImeØm-Wv. ]e Un{Kn, ]n.-Pn.-tIm-gvkp-Ifpw At±lw tImtf-Pn\v t\Sns°m-Sp-Øp.

A_p- -_m-lns‚ kz]v\-߃ A_p- -_mlv ÿm]n® duk-Øp¬ Depw F∂ hn⁄m\ ae¿hmSn-bn¬ ]ns∂ A¬^mdqJv dkn-U≥jy¬ Cw•ojv aoUnbw ko\n-b¿ sk°-≠dn kvIqƒ (1991) A¬^m-dqJv FPp-t°-j≥ sk‚¿ (1991) A¬^m-dqJv C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Hm^v knhn¬ k¿hokv FIvkm-an-t\-j≥, A¬^m-dqJv πkvSp kvIqƒ, ^mdqJv C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Hm^v So®¿ FPp-t°j≥ (2005) F∂o ÿm]-\-߃ Db¿∂p h∂p.

A_p- -_mlv _m°n sh® kz]v\-߃ At±lw Xs∂ hnh-cn°p∂p: ""C\nbpw \ap°v ktlm-Z-cn-Iƒ°v th≠ {]tXyI ÿm]-\߃, F©n-\o-b-dnwKv tImtf-Pv, saUn-°¬ tImtf-Pv, F√m-Xcw hn⁄m\-ßfpw Dƒs°m-≈p∂ Db¿∂ hnZym-`ym-k-Øn-\p≈ ÿm]-\w, AXn\n∂v hnZqc cmPy-ß-fn-te°v {]m]vXsc Ab-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ kwhn-[m\w, Hcp CkvemanI {]kn-≤o-I-c-Wm-ebw XpS-ßnb ]eXpw hfsc AXym-h-iy-am-Wv. \mw A¥- p≈ Hcp Poh¬ kap-Zm-b-ambnØocm≥ Ch-sbms° AXym-h-iy-am-Wv.'' 1979-˛¬ s{]m^.-P-eo¬ Imen-°‰v bq\n-th-gvkn‰n sshkv Nm≥k-edmbn \nb-an-X-\m-b-tijw ^mdqJv tImtf-Pns‚ {]n≥kn-∏mƒ ]Z-hnbn¬ s{]m.-hn.-ap-l-Ω-Zv, s{]m^. bp.-ap-l-Ω-Zv, tUm.-Sn.-sI.-ap-l-Ω-Zv, s{]m^.hn.-hn.-Ip-™-_vZp≈, tUm.-]n.-Fw.-ap-_m-dIv ]mj, s{]m.-F.-Ip-´ym-en-°p´n, s{]m.-C.-]n.-C-ºn-®n-t°mb F∂n-h¿ \nb-an-X-cm-bn. s{]m^.-P-eo¬ dn´-b¿sa‚n-\p-tijw tIcf hJ^v t_m¿Uv, km^n C≥Ãn-‰yq´v F∂n-h-bpsS t\Xr-ÿm\w Gs‰-SpØv tkh\w sNbvXp. 2012 sk]vXw-_¿ 12 \v \ncym-X-\m-bn. ae-_m-dnse G‰hpw {]K¬`cpw {]i-kvX-cp-amb hy‡n-I-fpsS tkh\hpw kl-I-c-Whpw ^mdqJv tImtf-Pn\v e`n-°p-∂-Xn\v A_p- -_mlv {i≤n-®n-cp-∂p.

{]K¤ hy‡n-I-fpsS tkh\w tImtf-Pns‚ amt\-PnwKv IΩ‰n {]kn-U-≠p-am-cmbn hnhn[ Ime-L´-ß-fn¬ Jm≥ _l-Zq¿ hn.-sI.-D-Wn-°Ωp kmln-_v, F.-sI.-Ip-™n-amb≥ lmPn, F.-sI.-Jm-Z¿Ip-´n, sI.-kn.-l-k≥Ip-´n, Fkv.-C-kvam-Cu¬, ]n.-sI. Al-vaZv F∂n-h¿ tkh-\-a-\p-jvTn-®n-´p-≠v. {]Ya sk{I-´-dn-bmb sI.-Fw.koXokm-ln_v 1947 apX¬ 1961¬ At±lw \ncym-X-\m-Ip-∂Xv 51

]n.-ap-l-ΩZv Ip´-t»cn

hsc B ÿm\Øv XpS¿∂p. tij-ap-≈ Ime-L-´-ß-fn¬ ]n.-sF.-Ip™-l-ΩZv Ip´n lmPn, Fkv.-F.-Pn^vcn, sI.-kn.-l-k≥Ip-´n, sI.-hn.-Ip™-ΩZv tImb F∂n-h¿ ÿm\w Ae-¶-cn-®n-´p-≠v. A_p _m-lns‚ G‰hpw hniz-kvX-\mb hy‡nbpw hnZym-`ymk {]-h¿Ø-I-\p-am-bn-cp∂p AUz.-Fw.-hn.-ssl-t{Zm-kns‚ ]p{X≥ AUz.-Fw.-ap-lΩ - Zv ]nXm-hns‚ ]mcºcyw \ne-\n¿Øn tImtf-Pns‚ amt\-P-cmbn Ct∏mgpw tkh-\-a-\p-jvTn°p-∂p. tImtfPv Bcw-`n-°p-tºmƒ AXns‚ Xmßpw XW-ep-ambn {]h¿Øn® NXp-»-‡n-Iƒ F∂v hnti-jn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp∂ A_vZp-≈-°p´n lmPn, Ah-dm≥ Ip´n lmPn, Ckvam-Cu¬, lk≥ lmPn F∂o \mept]-cpsS a°fpw _‘p-°-fpw, sI.-B¿.-F-kv.-kn.-]n.-Ip™napl-ΩZpw hnhn[ IΩ-‰n-I-fn-embn tkh\-a-\p-jvTn-°p-∂p. aZn-cmin {]kn-U≥kn tImtfPv {]n≥kn-∏mfpw hnZym-`ymk hnN-£-W-\p-amb tUm.-A-_vZp¬lJv, Imen-°‰v bq\n-th-gvkn‰n {]Ya sshkv Nm≥k-e-dmb s{]m^.-Fw.Fw.-K\n F∂n-h¿ hnhn[ Ime-ß-fn-embn tImtfPv IΩ-‰n-bnse bq\nth-gvkn‰n {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmbn \nb-an-X-cmbncp∂p. A_p- -_m-lns‚ ImesØ ^mdqJv tImtfPv A[ym-]-I-cn¬ N{μn-I-bn¬ \nc-¥-c-ambn Fgp-Xn-bn-cp∂ ae-bmf Ihnbpw am∏n-f-∏m´v cN-bn-Xm-hp-am-bn-cp∂ hnZzm≥ Sn.-kn.-a-Ωn, ae-bmf kmln-Xy-Im-c-\m-bn-cp∂ F.-]n.-]n.-\-ºq-Xn-cn, {]`mjW Ie-bn¬ {]i-kvX-\mb s{]m^.-Fw.-F.-jp-°q¿, CkvemanI kmºØnI imkv{X-Øn¬ {KŸ-߃ Fgp-Xnb s{]m^.-Sn.-A-_vZp-≈, s{]m^.-]n.-A-_vZp-dlvam≥, a\x-imkv{X hnZ-Kv≤≥ IqSn-bmb s{]m^.ap-l-ΩZv lk≥ XpS-ßn-b-h¿ tIc-f-Øn¬ apgps° Adn-b-s∏´ s{]m^k¿am-cm-Wv. ^mdqJv tImtfPv Bcw-`n-°p-∂-Xn\v apºv Xs∂ A_p- _m-lp-ambn _‘-s∏-´n-cp∂ s{]m^.-hn.-ap-l-ΩZv kmln_v Pohn-®n-cp∂ Ime-a-{Xbpw Imº-kn-se∂ t]mse ]pdØpw \nd™p \n∂ hy‡n-Xzam-bn-cp-∂p. kmaqly {]h¿Ø-I≥, Jp¿-B≥ hnh¿Ø-I≥, J-Øo-_v, \nL≠p \n¿am-Xm-hv, aX-{]-t_m-[-I≥ F∂o \ne-s°√mw At±lw Adn-b-s∏-´p.

A_p- _mlns‚ ImeØv Xs∂ ^mdqJv tImtfPv sXt° C¥ybnse Aen-K¿ F∂ hnti-j-W-Øn\pw Hcp UowUv bq\n-th-gvkn-‰n°pw A¿lX t\Sn-bn-cp-∂p. kpc-`ne kq\-߃ \nd™ AXy¥w at\m-lc-amb ae¿hmSn F∂ kz]v\w ]q¿W-ambpw km£m¬°-cn-°m≥ A_p -_m-ln\v Pohn-X-Im-eØv Ign-™n-s√-¶nepw F°m-e-tØ°pw aXnbmb ASn-Ød ]Wn-bm-\pw ]n≥X-e-ap-d-°m¿°v A¬]w _m°n-sh®v Gdnb ]¶pw ]q¿Øn-bm-°m\pw At±-l-Øn\v Ign-™p.

52

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auem\m A_p- -_mlv AlvaZv Aen

8.

A_p- -_m-lns‚ hy‡nXz hnti-j-߃ 1. alm-]-fin-X≥; ]cn-jvI¿Ømhv Iri-Km-{X≥. Dbcw A[n-I-an-√. Kuchw ap‰-p∂ apJw. sNdnb XmSn. Pzen-°p∂ IÆp-Iƒ. ]pd-Øn-d-ßp-tºmƒ ss]Pm-abpw j¿hm-\nbpw Xp¿°n-sXm-∏nbpw. A¥- p≈ thjw \n¿_-‘w. kpK‘w han-°pw.

I≠m¬ Bcnepw BZcw Df-hm-Ipw˛ CXmWv auem\m A_p- -_mlns‚ ]pdw ImgvN-bnse cq]w. AKm-[-⁄m-\-ap≈ ]ptcm-K-a\ Nn¥I-\mb Hcp ]fin-X≥ At±-l-Øns‚ D≈n¬ IpSn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. tIc-fØn¬ ]mc-ºc - y-co-Xn-bn¬ ]≈n Z¿kp-If - n¬ ]T\w ]q¿Øn-bm-°n. ]ns∂ temI-Ønse G‰hpw ]g-°-ap≈ aX-]-T\ tI{μ-amb A¬ Akvl¿ k¿h-I-em-im-e-bn¬ ]Øp h¿jw ]Tn-®p. A°mew A¬ Akvldnapl- Ω Zv A_v Z p krjv S n® ]cn- j v ° - c W Nn¥ A[ym- ] - I scbpw hnZym¿∞n-I-sfbpw G‰hpw A[nIw kzm[o-\n® kμ¿`-am-bn-cp-∂p.

AXvsIm≠v Xs∂ A_p- -_mlv ]ptcm-K-a-\m-i-b-ap≈ Hcp ]cnjvI¿Øm-hm-bmWv tIc-f-Øn¬ {]Xy-£-s∏-´-Xv. a‰p apkvenw ]fin-X∑m-cn¬ \n∂v hyXy-kvX-amb Hcp ho£-Whpw ssienbpw At±lw kzoI-cn-®p.

Jp¿-B-\n¬ AKm-[-⁄m\w hnip≤ Jp¿- B s‚ Bg- Ø n- e p≈ ]T- \ hpw Nn¥- b p- a m- b n- c p∂p At±lØns‚ apJ-ap-{Z. tIc-f-Øn¬ A∂v ]fin-X-∑m¿°n-S-bn¬ \nehn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ I¿a-im-kv{X-]-c-amb X¿°-ß-fn-sem∂pw At±lw CSs]- ´ n- √ . AtX Ah- k cw hnip≤ Jp¿- B ≥ Db¿Øn- ° m- W n- ° p∂ auenI kn≤m-¥-amb Xulo-Zn¬ ASn-bp-d®v \ne-sIm-≠p. aX-]-finX-∑m¿ Ah-cpsS apgp-h≥ {i≤bpw sNdnb Imcy-ß-fn-te°v Xncn®p hn´v henb Imcy-ß-sf Ah-K-Wn-°p∂ {]h-W-Xsb At±lw A]-e53

]n.-ap-l-ΩZv Ip´-t»cn

]n-®p. CXv X¿°hnX¿°-ß-fn¬ G¿s∏-´n-cp∂ ]ptcm-K-a\ hmZn-I-sf∂v Ah-Im-i-s∏-´n-cp∂ Nne ]fin-X-∑m-cpsS FXn¿∏v £Wn®p hcp-Øn. sI.- F w.- a u- e - h n- b psS ]{Xm- [ n- ] - X y- Ø n¬ {]kn- ≤ o- I - c n- ® n- c p∂ "A¬ap¿inZv' amkn-I-bn¬ At±lw Bh-iy-s∏-´-X-\p-k-cn®v A_p- _mlv Ad-_n-bn¬ Fgp-Xnb teJ-\-Øn¬ tIc-f-Ønse aX-]-fin-X∑m¿ aX-]-c-amb X¿°-ß-fn¬ G¿s∏´v ka-bhpw Ignhpw \jvS-s∏-SpØp-Ibpw kap-Zm-b-Øns‚ hnZym-`ym-k-˛-km-aqly ]ptcm-K-Xn°v th≠n {]h¿Øn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ {]h-W-Xsb A]-e-]n-®p. CXv krjvSn® tImfn-f°w Ipd-s®m-∂p-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. teJ-\-Ønse Nne {]tbm-K-߃ hymI-c-W-\n-b-a-߃°v hncp-≤-am-sW∂v Nq≠n-°m-Wn® Nne¿°v, A_p- -_m-lns‚ {]tbmKw Xs∂-bmWv icn F∂v a‰p Nne¿ A¬ap¿in-Zn¬ Xs∂ adp-]Sn FgpXn. aX-]-c-amb A`n-{]mb `n∂-Xbn¬ At±lw `mK-`m-°m-bn-cp-∂n-s√-¶nepw aX-hn-j-b-ß-fn¬ ^Xvhm tNmZn®p sIm≠v At±-lsØ kao-]n-°p-∂-h¿s°√mw {]am-W-ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ bp‡n`{Z-amb ^XvhmIfmWv auem\m \¬In-bn-cp∂- X v. {]bm- k - ß sf eLqIcn- ° pI F∂Xv At±lw Xs‚ ^XvhmIfpsS ASn-ÿm\ XXz-ambn kzoI-cn-®n-cp-∂p. Hcp Zp¿_e \nanj-Øn¬ Htc Ccp-∏n¬ samgn aq∂pw sNm√n IpSp-ßnb Nne¿ {]iv\-]cn-lm-c-Øn-\mbn At±-lsØ kao-]n-°p-tºmƒ AXns\ Hcp Xzem-Jmbn IW-°m°n Xncn-s®-SpØv _‘w ]p\x-ÿm-]n-°m-sa-∂mWv At±lw \¬In-bn-cp∂ aX-hn-[n. ]g-a-bpsS auen-I-Xbpw B[p-\n-I-X-bpsS Nn¥mku-μ-cyhpw ka-\z-bn-∏n-°p∂ Hcp kao-]\ coXn Jp¿-B≥ hymJym-\n°p-∂-Xn-se-∂-t]mse aX-hn-j-b-߃ ssIImcyw sNøp-∂-Xnepw A_p -_mlv kzoI-cn-®p. knlvdv _m[bv°v NnIn’ tXSn-sb-Øp-∂-h¿°pw At±lw a\-»m-kv{X-]-c-amb acp∂v \¬Ip-am-bn-cp-∂p.

Ad-_n-`m-j-bnse sshZKv≤yw Ad-_n-`m-j-bn¬, hnti-jn®pw B[p-\nI Ad-_n-bn¬ A_p- -_mln-\p≈ Ignhv \n o-a-ambncp∂p. At±-l-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´v Bib hn\nabw \S-Ønb Ad_v kμ¿i-I-sc√mw CXn¬ aXn∏v {]I-Sn-∏n-®n´p-≠v. D]a-I-fpw Ae¶m-c-ß-fp-ap≈ kpμ-c-amb kmln-Xy-ssi-en. Ad_n-I-fp-ambn IØn-S-]m-Sp-Iƒ \S-Øp-tºmgpw tImtf-Pns‚ hnhn[ Bhiy-߃°mbn At]-£-Iƒ ka¿∏n-°p-tºmgpw CXv {]Im-c-am-bn-cp-∂p. ¢ms -Sp-°p-tºmƒ {]kwK ssien-bn¬ kv^pSw sNbvX hm°p-Iƒ tIm¿Øn-W-°nb sIm®p-hm-N-I-ß-fmWv At±lw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-I. auem\m tIc-f-Øn¬ hcp-tºmƒ ChnsS B[p-\nI Ad_n en]n {]NmcØn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. AXvsIm≠v A_p- -_m-lns‚ BI¿jI-amb Ad_n en]n A\p-I-cn-°m≥ ]e-cpw˛ hnti-jn®pw duk-Øp54

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auem\m A_p- -_mlv AlvaZv Aen

Deq-anse At±-l-Øns‚ injy-∑m¿-˛-Xn-Sp°w ImWn-°m-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. {]kn≤ Ad_n ]fin-X\pw ]Xn-t\gv Ad_n {KŸ-ß-fpsS I¿Ømhp-amb tUm.-aplvb±o≥ Bep-hmbn At±-l-Øns‚ Hc-\p-`hw Cßs\ hnh-cn-°p∂p: ""hmg-°mSv Zmdp¬ Deq-an¬ ]Tn-°p-tºmƒ Rm≥ Nne-t∏mƒ Im¬\-S-bmbn (A∂v bm{Xm-ku-Icyw Ipd-hm-bn-cp-∂p) at©-cn-bnse duk-Øp¬ Deq-an-te°v t]mIpw˛ A_p- -_m-lns‚ Ad-_n-bn-ep≈ ¢m v tIƒ°m\pw dpJvCu en]n-bn¬ ªmIv t_m¿Un¬ At±lw FgpXp-∂Xv ImWm\pw th≠n. A∂v tIc-f-Øn¬ Cu en]n ssIImcyw sNøp∂ GI ]fin-X≥ At±-l-am-bn-cp-∂p. CuPn-]vXnse aAvlZpJpXqXn (en]n ]Tn-∏n-°p∂ ÿm]-\w) ¬ \n∂mWv At±lw AXv ]Tn®-Xv.''

hnZym-`ymk{]-h¿Ø-I-\mb aX-]-fin-X≥ A_p- -_mlv a‰p-]-e-cn¬ \n∂pw hyXy-kvX-\mbn hn⁄m-\-temIØv am{Xw HXpßn \n¬°msX k¿ kønZv AlvaZvJms\-t∏mse hnZym-`ymk \thm-∞m\w krjvSn-°m≥ P\-a-≤y-Øn-en-dßn {]h¿Øn°p∂ aX-]fi n-X\ - m-bn-cp-∂p. auem\m apl-ΩZv Aen-bmWv At±-lsØ apkvenw kap-Zm-b-Øns‚ ]ptcm-K-Xn°v th≠n tkh\w A¿∏n-°p∂ ]fin-X-\m-Im≥ D]-tZ-in-®-Xv. ^mdq-Jm-_m-Zn¬ Xe Db¿Øn \n¬°p∂ hnZym-`ymk ÿm]-\-ß-sf√mw At±-l-Øns‚ al-Ømb Pohn-X-Øns‚bpw tkh-\-Øns‚bpw \nXykvamc-I-ß-fm-Wv. a°-bnse dm_n-XzØp¬ Be-an¬ Ckveman (apkvenw thƒUv eoKv) A_p- -_m-lns‚ al-Ømb {]h¿Ø-\-߃°p≈ AwKo-Im-c-sa∂ \ne°v kpDuZn Atd_y-bnse bq\n-th-gvkn-‰n-bn¬ D]cn ]T\w \S-Øp-∂-Xn\v A_p- -_mlns‚ t]cn¬ Hcp kvtImf¿jn∏v G¿s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. CXn\v BZyambn sXc-s™-Sp-°-s∏´ lpssk≥ aS-hq¿ DΩp¬ Jpdm-bq-\n-thgvkn‰nbn¬ D]-cn-]-T\w \S-Øn. ]ns∂ a°-bn¬ {]hmk PohnXw \bn® `mcXob ]fin-X-∑m-sc-∏‰n Kth-jWw \SØn tUmIvS-td‰v t\Sn. amXrÿm-]-\-Øn-te°v Xncn-s®Øn AXn¬ A[ym-]-I\pw {]n≥kn-∏m-fp-ambn. Ad-_n-t°m-tf-Pn-s‚bpw ^mdqJv tImtf-Pn-s‚bpw sse{_-dn-Iƒ°v A_p- -_m-lns‚ t]cv \¬In-bXv amdn amdn hcp∂ A[ym-]-I, hnZym¿∞n Xe-ap-d-I-sf√mw At±-lsØ hmbn®v {]tNm-Z\w Dƒs°m≈m-\m-Wv.

hn⁄m\t{]aw imkv{X-t_m[w hn⁄m\ IpXp-In-bmb A_p- -_m-lns‚ hmb-\m-t{]aw hnkva-bI-c-am-bn-cp-∂p. sse{_-dn-bn-ep≈ Hmtcm ]pkvX-I-sØ-∏-‰nbpw At±-lØn\v hi-ap-≠m-Ipw. Hcn°¬ t_mws_-bn¬ \n∂v aq∂v hmfy-ß-fp≈ 55

]n.-ap-l-ΩZv Ip´-t»cn

Hcp ]pXnb Ad_n \nL≠p At±lw hcp-Øn-®p. F{X thK-Øn-emWv GXm\pw t]Pp-Iƒ AXn¬ Ipd-hm-Wv -F∂v At±lw I≠p-]n-Sn-®-Xv. ]pXnb ]pkvX-I-߃ hcpØn H∂p ItÆm-Sn-°p-I-sb-¶nepw sNbvX tijtam At±lw sse{_-dn-bn¬ tN¿°m≥ hn´p-sIm-Sp-°p-I-bp-≈p. sh√q¿ tlmkv ] n- ‰ - e nte°v hnZKv ≤ NnIn- ’ - ° mbn t]mIp- t ºmƒ tcmKiø-bn¬ InS∂v hmbn-°m≥ kmwkvIm-cnI {]m[m-\y-ap≈ Ad_n {KŸ-ß-fpsS Hcp sI´pw At±lw IqsS sIm≠p-t]m-bn. N{μnI Zn\]{Xw Xm¬]-cy-]q¿Δw hmbn-°pw. Ah-km-\-Im-eØv hmbn-°m≥ {]bmk-am-b-t∏mƒ Ip´n-I-sf-s°m≠v hmbn-∏n®v tIƒ°pw. a\p-jy≥ BZyambn N{μ-\n¬ Imep-Ip-Ønb Znhkw tImtf-Pn\v Ah[n \¬In. AXv kw_-‘-ambn \¬Inb t\m´okn¬ ""BIm-i-ß-fnepw `qan-bn-ep-ap-≈Xv A√mlp \n߃°v A[o-\-s∏-SpØn X∂n-cn-°p∂p'' F∂ Jp¿-B≥ hmIyw tN¿Øn-cp-∂p. imkv{X-cw-KsØ a\p-jys‚ ]pXnb I≠p-]n-SpØ-ßsf∏‰n At±lw kZm hnZym¿∞n-Isf t_m[-hm-∑m-cm-°p-am-bncp∂p.

I£n-Xz-Øn-\-Xo-X≥ apkvenw kap-Zm-b-Ønse aX-]-c-amb I£n-Xz-Øn-\-Xo-X-amb D∂-Xhy-‡n-Xz-Øns‚ DS-abmbncp∂p A_p- -_m-lv. AXvsIm≠v Xs∂ F√m hn`m-K-°mcpw At±-lsØ BZ-cn-°p-Ibpw AwKo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw At±-l-Øns‚ hnZym-`ymk {]h¿Ø-\-ßsf ]n¥p-W-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. ]t£, Xulo-Zns‚ hnj-b-Øn¬ bmsXmcp hn´p hogvNbpw ImWn°mØ ]ptcm-K-a\ Nn¥-I-\m-bn-cp∂p At±-lw. cmjv{So-b-ambn apkvenw eoKn-t\m-Sp≈ B`n-apJyw At±lw Xpd∂p ]d-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p. apkvenw eoKns‚ kap-∂-X-cmb t\Xm-°ƒ XpS°w apX¬t° At±-l-Øns‚ tkh\ {]h¿Ø-\-߃°v t{]m’m-l-\hpw ]n¥p-Wbpw \¬In. _n.hn.-A-_vZp-≈-t°mb Fw.-]n.-A-h-km\w hsc duk-Øp¬ Deqw Atkmkn-tb-j≥ saº-dm-bn-cp-∂p.

A_p- -_mlv hnZym¿∞n-I-fn¬ aX-]-ctam cmjv{So-btam Bb Hcp I£nXz Nn¥bpw hf¿Øp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. PamAsØ Ckveman AS°w F√m apkvenw kwL-S-\-I-fp-ambpw At±lw kulr-Z-_‘w ]pe¿Øn. kp∂n-˛-ap-Pm-ln-Zv-˛-P-am-AØv t\Xm-°-sf√mw At±-l-sØ kμ¿in-°pIbpw D]-tZiw tXSp-Ibpw sNøp-am-bn-cp-∂p. sI.-kn.-A-_vZp≈ aue-hnbp- a m- b pw sI.- D - a ¿ aue- h n- b p- a mbpw {]tXy- I - _ - ‘ - a p- ≠ m- b n- c p- ∂ p.

PamAØv A\p-Iq-en-I-fmb Nne hnZym¿∞n-Isf Hcp Ad-_n-t°m-tfPn¬ \n∂v ]pd-Øm-°n-b-t∏mƒ duk-Øp¬ Deq-an¬ Ah¿°v A`bw \¬In-bXv henb hna¿i-\-Øn\pw H®-∏m-Sn\pw Imc-W-am-bn. \∑-Iƒ sNøp-tºmƒ kaq-l-Øns‚ GsX-¶nepw Hcp tImWn¬ \n∂v hna¿i56

t\Xr-kvarXn

auem\m A_p- -_mlv AlvaZv Aen

\-ap-≠m-Ip-tºmƒ AXns‚ t\sc £a ssIsIm≠v Xs‚ tkh-\-]mX-bn-eqsS apt∂m´v \oß-W-sa∂v At±lw hnZym¿∞n-I-tfmSv D]-tZ-in°p∂p: ""\ΩpsS Pohn-Xhpw A≤zm-\hpw \ap°pw IpSpw-_-Øn\pw th≠n am{Xw ]cn-an-X-am-hp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ \mapw arK-ßfpw XΩn¬ henb hyXym-k-ap-s≠∂v ]d-bm-h-X-√. \mw ac-ß-fpsS XW-en¬ Biz-kn°p∂p; Ah-bpsS Ce, sImºv, XSn F∂nh sIm≠v {]tbm-P\w A\p`-hn-°p-∂p. I√pw hSnbpw sIm≠v Ahsb Fdn-™mepw Ah \ap°v Xcp∂Xv ]g-ß-fm-Wv. krjvSn-I-fn¬ sh®v G‰hpw t{ijvT-\mb a\pjy≥ ac-tØ-°mƒ \√h\pw a‰p-≈-h¿°v D]-Im-c-s∏´h\p-am-tI-≠Xt√? Xs‚ PohnXw sIm≠v a‰p-≈-h¿°v Hcp {]tbm-P-\-hp-an-s√-¶n]ns∂ F¥v t{ijvT-X-bmWv Ah-\p-≈-Xv.'' Cßs\ tkh\\nc-X-amb Hcp PohnXw \bn-°m\pw FXn¿∏p-I-sf-sb√mw Ah-K-Wn-°m-\p-amWv A_p- -_mlv Blzm\w sNøp-∂-Xv. BcpsS apºnepw Xe-Ip-\n-°msX A¥-t msS \ne-sIm-≈m\pw thj-Ønepw s]cp-am-‰-Ønepw am\yX ]pe¿Øm\pw At±lw hnZym¿∞n-Isf D]-tZ-in-°m-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Cu KpWhnti-j-߃°v At±lw Hcp amXr- I - b m- b n- c p- ∂ p. AXv s Im≠v Xs∂- b mWv [\m- V y- ∑ mcpw cmjv{Sob t\Xm-°fpw hnZym-k-º-∂-cmb D∂X hy‡n-Xz-ß-fp-sa√mw At±-l-Øns‚ kμ¿i-I-cm-bn-Øo¿∂-Xpw.

2. amXr-Im-tbm-Ky-\mb A[ym-]-I≥ ImSv hn´v \m´n-en-d-ßnb tijw A_p- -_mlv Hc-≤ym-]-I-\m-bmWv PohnXw Bcw-`n-°p-∂-Xv. A¥yw hscbpw B X]ky XpS¿∂p. {]Y-aambpw Xs‚ PohnXZuXyw hn⁄m-\hpw [m¿anIt_m[-hp-ap≈ Hcp Xe-ap-dsb hm¿sØSp-°p-I-bm-sW∂v At±lw hniz-kn-®p. tImtfPv \S-Øn-∏n\pw tlmÃ-en¬ Xma-kn-°p-∂-h¿°v kuP-\y-ambn `£Ww \¬Ip-∂-Xn\pw sI´n-S-ßfpw kuI-cy-ßfpw h¿≤n-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\pw Bhiy-amb ]Ww tiJ-cn-t°≠ `mcn® DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw Hcp A[ym-]-I-s\∂ \ne-°p≈ Xs‚ Npa-Xe IrXy-ambn \n¿h-ln-°p-∂-Xn\v XS- -am-ImXn-cn-°m≥ At±lw \∂mbn {i≤n-®p. tImtfPn-te°v \S∂p hcm≥ Ign-bmØ hn[w Btcm-Ky-\ne tami-am-b-t∏mƒ hoSv ¢mkv dqw Bbn am‰p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. ¢m v \S-°p-∂n-Xn-\n-S°v At±-lsØ kμ¿in-°m≥ hcp-∂-h¿ F{X henbhcm-Is´ ]pdØv ImØv \n¬°p-I-b-√msX At±lw \n›nX ka-b-Øn\v apºv ¢m v \n¿Øn ]pdØv hcp∂ {]iv\ta- b n- √ . IrXyX ]men- ° p∂ A_p- - _ m- l ns‚ ¢mkn¬ H‰ hnZym¿∞n°pw kabw sX‰n-h-cm≥ ss[cy-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. auem\m 57

]n.-ap-l-ΩZv Ip´-t»cn

¢m n¬ {]-th-in-®m¬ ]ns∂ kqNn hoWm¬ Adn-bp∂ \n»-_vZ-XbmWv . Kmw`ocyw ap‰n\n¬°p∂ `‡n\n¿`- c - a mb A¥- c o£w. hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ IÆpw ImXpw Iq¿∏n®v At±-l-Øns‚ samgn-Iƒ {i≤n°pw.

A[ym-]\ coXn Jp¿B≥ hymJym-\-amWv ¢m nse hnj-bw. BZy-ambn A∂v ]Tn∏n-°m≥ t]mIp∂ Bb-Øp-Iƒ ]mcm-bW\nb-a-߃ ]men®v Km\mfl-I-ambn HmXp-∂p. ]ns∂ ip≤ Ad-_n-bn-ep≈ Hcp {]`m-jW {]hml-am-Wv. Jp¿-B≥ Bi-b-ß-fpsS Bg-ß-fn-te-°n-dßn Ahn-SsØ apØp-Iƒ s]dp-°n-sb-SpØv hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°v \¬Ip-∂p. Ahsc ]Tn∏n-°p-∂-Xn-ep-]cn Nn¥n-∏n-°p-I-bmWv At±lw sNøp-I. CS°v kwib-߃ D∂-bn-t°-≠Xv \n¿_‘w. Cs√-¶n¬ tNmZy-߃ Ah-cpsS apºn-te-s°-dn™v Ahsc Be-ky-Øn¬ \n∂v DW¿Øpw. BIm-iØn\v Iogn-ep≈ F√m hnj-b-sØ-∏-‰nbpw ¢m n¬ N¿®-Iƒ Db¿∂p hcpw. N¿®-bn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°msX au\n-bm-bn-cn-°p∂h¿°v IW-°n\v In´pw. ¢m v Ign™v ]pdØp hcp-tºmƒ CXv hsc GtXm A⁄m-Xamb hn⁄m\ temI-Øm-bn-cp∂p Xß-sf∂ {]Xo-Xn-bmWv hnZym¿∞nIƒ°p-≠m-hp-I. A_p- -_mlv F∂ A[ym]-I≥ ssIImcyw sNøp∂ as‰mcp {][m\ hnjbw Ad_n D]-\ymk cN-\-bm-Wv. BZy-ambn hnjbw \√ kmln-Xy-ssi-en-bn¬ \me©v hmIy-ß-fn-embn kpμ-c-amb en]n-bnt_m¿Un¬ Fgp-Xpw. N¿® sNtø≠ hnj-b-Øns‚ F√m hi-ßfpw B Fgp-Øn¬ AS-ßn-bn-cn-°pw. hnZym¿∞nIƒ t_m¿Un¬ \n∂v IuXpIw \nd™ B en]n Aßs\Øs∂ t\m´v _p°n¬ ]I¿Øpw. lnPvd XnøXnb√msX ¢m n¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-I-bn-√. BZy-Im-e-ß-fn]pXp-h-’c Zn\-amb apldw H∂n\v tImtf-Pn\v Ah[n \¬Ip-am-bn-cp∂p. lnPvd XnøXn tNmZn-®m¬ ]d-bm≥ Ign-™n-s√-¶n¬ Ip-´n-Iƒ°v \√ iImcw In´pw. ¢m n¬ Ad_nbne-√msX kwkm-cn-°m≥ ]mSns√∂v {]th-i\ Ihm-S-Øn¬ Fgp-Xn-sh-®n-´p-≠m-Ipw.

Adn-hn-t\m-sSm∏w in£-Whpw hnZym¿∞n-I-fn¬ Fs¥-¶nepw {]tXyI Ign-hp-Iƒ I≠m¬ AXwKo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøpw. CS-bv°nsS Kpcp-hns‚ ho´n¬ sN∂v kμ¿in-t°-≠Xv \n¿_-‘w. Nmb \¬In k¬°-cn°msX Bscbpw hnSp-I-bn-√. Npdp-Np-dp°w ipjvIm-¥nbpw ImWn-°p∂ Ip´n-I-sf-bmWv ]e-t∏mgpw Fs¥-¶nepw DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-߃ G¬]n-°pI. hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ Bcm-bn-cn-°-Ww, Fß-s\-bm-bn-cn-°Ww F∂ hnj58

t\Xr-kvarXn

auem\m A_p- -_mlv AlvaZv Aen

b-Øn¬ At±-l-Øn\v Hcp Dƒ°m-gvN-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ¢m n¬ Xe-bnPn∂m-tI∏v [cn-°¬ \n¿_-‘w. j¿´ns‚ _´-\n-SmsX I≠m¬ ISpØ iImcw In´pw. XmSn apf-®m¬ hf¿Ø¬ \n¿_-‘w. apSn°v anX-amb \ofw am{Xta ]mSp-≈p. Xe ad-°msX ]≈n-bn¬ Cam-ambn \n¬°m≥ A\p-h-Zn-°p-I-bn-√. alm-∑m-cmb ]q¿hnI ]fin-X-∑m-sc√mw \a-kvImc-Øn¬ am{X-a√ P\-k-Z- p-I-fnepw Xe-a-d-°p-∂-h-cm-bn-cp-∂p, At±lw hnZym¿∞n-Isf DW¿Øpw. cmhnse kp_vlv \a-kvIm-c-Øn\v tijw tlmì hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°v Jp¿-B≥ ]mcm-bWw \n¿_-‘w. cmhnse cl-ky-ambn tlmì ]cn-k-cØv IqsS \S∂p CXv ]cn-tim-[n-°p-Ibpw sNøpw. bq\n-th-gvkn‰n Xe-Øn¬ \mj-\¬ k¿hokv kvIow t]mep≈ kwhn-[m-\-ßsfm∂pw \ne-hn-en-√m-Xn-cp∂ A°m-eØv hnZym¿∞n-Ifnkmaq-ly-tk-h\ at\m-`mhw hf¿Øm≥ Ah¿°v tImtfPv tImºu≠ns‚ aXn¬ \n¿am-Ww, sXßn≥ ssX sh°¬, sI´nS \n¿am-W-Øn\m-h-iy-amb I√v IS-ج, tdmUv \n¿am-Ww XpSßnb {]hr-Øn-I-sf√mw hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ Ah-cpsS {]n≥kn-∏mƒ Bb A_p- -_mlv aue-hnbpsS ta¬t\m-´-Øn¬ sNøpw. Hcp I≈n aps≠-SpØv {]n≥kn∏mƒ IqsS-bp-≠m-Ipw. tlmÃ-en¬ _ncn-bmWn, s\bvt®m¿ XpS-ßnb hntij `£-W-ap-≠m-°p-tºmƒ At±lw Xs∂ ASp-°-f-bn¬ h∂v ]mN-I-Øn\v t\XrXzw sImSp-°pw. Hcp \√ ]mN-I-°m-c-\m-bn-cp∂p A_p- -_mlv F∂v ]d-™m¬ sX‰n-√.

hnZym¿∞n kvt\lw hnZym¿∞n-Isf AKm-[-ambn kvt\ln-°p∂ Hcp A[ym-]-I-s\-bmWv A_p- -_m-ln¬ ImWp-I. Hcp ]q¿h hnZym¿∞n ktΩ-f-\-ØnAt±lw Ahsc A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn®p kwkm-cn-°m≥ Fgp-t∂-‰-t∏mƒ hnImcm-[o-\-\mbn s]m´n-°-c-™p. ""\nß-tfmSv Rm≥ ]cp-j-ambn s]cp-am-dnbn-´p-s≠-∂pw \nßsf ITn-\-ambn Bt£-]n-°p-Ibpw ipWvTn-sb-Sp-°pIbpw sNbvXn-´p-s≠∂pw F\n°v Xs∂ Adn-bmw. Ah-sb√mw Fs‚ sshI-ey-ßfpw Zu¿_-ey-ßfpw sX‰p-I-fp-am-bn-cn-°mw. Ch-sb√mw \n߃ F\n°v am∏v sNbvXv Xcp-sa∂v hniz-kn-°p-∂p. Cu kz`m-h-ßsf√mw F∂n¬ Ds≠-¶nepw Rm≥ \nß-sf hfscb[nIw kvt\ln°p∂p F∂-XmWv ]c-am¿∞w. Fs‚ G‰hpw henb A`o-jvShpw Ft∏mgp-ap≈ {]m¿∞-\bpw \n߃ Ckvemans‚ G‰hpw \√ amXr-I-I-fmbn Jp¿- B ≥ hc®p ImWn- ° p- I bpw dkq¬ ]Tn- ∏ n- ° p- I bpw sNbv X bYm¿∞ ]Ÿm-hn¬ Pohn®v P\-ßsf tkhn-°-W-sa∂XmWv''˛ A_p -_mlv ]q¿h hnZym¿∞n-I-tfm-Sv. hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ Ah-cpsS Cu hμyKpcp-hns\ "ssiJp\m' F∂mWv A`n-kw-t_m-[\ sNbvXn-cp-∂-Xv˛ Kpcp-h-μ-\hpw kvt\lhpw IS-∏mSpw 59

]n.-ap-l-ΩZv Ip´-t»cn

F√mw AS-ßnb _lp-am\kqN-I-amb Hcp ]Zw.

t\Xr-Xz-ØnseØnb injy-∑m¿ A_p- -_m-lns‚ in£Ww e`n® injy-∑m-cn¬ ]ecpw Db¿∂ ho£-W-ap-≈-hcpw kaq-l-Øn¬ D∂X ÿm\w t\Sn-b-h-cp-am-Wv. {]ikvXcmb \mep t\Xm-°-fpsS t]cp-Iƒ ChnsS DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°p-I-bm-Wv. duk-Øp¬ Deqw Ad-_n-t°m-tfPv Bcw-`n® 1942 se {]Ya t_®v hnZym¿∞n-bm-bn-cp∂ kn.-]n.-A-_q-_-°¿ auehn, Ad_n tImtfPv {]n≥kn-∏mƒ, a[pc {]`m-j-W-Øns‚ DSa tImgnt°mSv aplvb±o≥ ]≈n JØo_v F∂o ]Z-hn-I-sf-√m-ap≈ ]fin-X≥. {]-am-Z-amb Hcp ]≈n-t°- n¬ aX-\n-b-a-ß-sf-∏-‰n-bp≈ At±-l-Øns‚ bp‡n-`-{Z-amb hmZ-߃ PUvPn AwKo-I-cn®v A\p-Iq-e-ambn hn[n-®p. aX-{]-kw-K-th-Zn-I-fnepw ktΩ-f-\-ß-fnepw kn.-]n.-bpsS km∂n[yw Hcp Ae-¶mcambn-cp-∂p. c≠m-asØ {]Xn-`m-im-en 1953 ¬ duk-Øn¬ \n∂v A^vk-epDeam _ncpZw t\Sn ]pdØp h∂ tijw Aen-K¿ bq\n-th-gvkn-‰n-bn\n∂v amÿ _ncpZw kºm-Zn®p aºmSv Fw.-C.-Fkv tImtfPv {]n≥kn∏mƒ, N{μnI Zn\-]{X-Øns‚ apJy-]-{Xm-[n-]¿, sI.-F≥.-Fw. {]-kn-U≠v F∂o \ne-s°√mw tkh\w sNbvX s{]m^. a¶S A_vZp¬ Akokv aue-hn-bm-Wv. Ncn-{X-K-th-j-I\pw kmln-Xy-Im-c-\p-amb At±lw I\s∏´ ]e {KŸ-ßfpw ssIc-fn°v kw`m-h\ sNbvXn-´p-≠v. 1961 ¬ dukØp¬ Deq-an¬ \n∂v _ncp-Z-sa-SpØ ]fin-X-\mWv sI.-F≥.-Fw.-sk{I-´-dnbpw Adn-b-s∏´ aX-{]-`m-j-I-\p-w kwLm-SI ka¿∞\pamb F.]n.-A-_vZp¬ JmZ¿ aue-hn. D÷z-e-\mb hm‹n, \m¬]-Xn-e-[nIw {KŸß-fpsS I¿Øm-hv, Pam-AsØ Ckveman Akn: Aao¿ F∂o \nes°√mw Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ ssiJv apl-ΩZv Imc-°p∂v A_p- -_m-lns‚ injy\pw Adp-]-Xp-I-fpsS HSp-hnse _ncp-Z-[m-cn-bp-am-Wv. duk-Øns‚ k¥-Xn-bmb tUm.-ho-cm≥ sambvXo≥ Ad_n ˛ ae-bmf \nL≠p AS°-ap≈ ]e {KŸ-ß-fpsS I¿Ømhpw cmjv{S-]-Xn-bpsS ]pc-kvImcw t\Snb ]fin-X-\p-am-Wv. A_p- -_m-lns‚ BZy-Ime injy-∑m-cn¬ Cßs\ D∂X t{iWnbn-se-Ønb F{Xtbm {]K¤aXn-I-fp-≠v.

3. B{iaXpey-amb sIm®pKrl-Ønk\ym-km-{i-a-Øn\v Xpey-amb Hcp sIm®p ho´n-emWv auehn Xmakn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. ]t£ kμ¿i-I-scm-gn™ kμ¿`w A]q¿hw. alm-∑mcmb aX-]-fin-X-∑m¿, cmjv{So-b-t\-Xm-°ƒ, kap-Zmb \mb-I-∑m¿ hnZym60

t\Xr-kvarXn

auem\m A_p- -_mlv AlvaZv Aen

`ymk hnN-£-W¿, ]uc-ap-Jy-∑m¿ XpS-ßn-b-h-scms° \nXy-k-μ¿i-Icm- b n- c n- ° pw. auem\m A_p¬l- k ≥ Aen \Zv h n, CuPn- ] v X nse A_vZp¬ ap≥Cw \an¿, A_vZp¬ Ben AJ-_m-hn, {]kn≤ Ad_n Ihn A_vZp≈ asse-_m-cn, koXn kmln-_v, _m^Jn X߃, kn.F®v XpS-ßnb F{Xtbm alm-∑m¿ kμ¿in® hoSv. kp{]-[m-\-amb ]e IΩn‰n ao‰nw-Kp-Iƒ°pw Xocp-am-\-߃°pw B hoSv km£n-bm-bn-´p-≠v.

GXv sNdnb Ip´n°pw GXv kabØpw AhnsS {]th-in-°m-am-bn-cp-∂p.

F∂m¬ At±lw \a-kvI-cn-°p∂ ka-bØv Bsc-¶nepw hcp-∂Xv Xosc Cjv S - s ∏- ´ n- c p- ∂ n- √ . Jp¿- B ≥ ]mcm- b Ww ]pd- t Ø°v tIƒ°pw. hnZym¿∞nIƒ _‘-s∏-Sp-∂-Xnepw Ah-cp-ambn N¿® sNøp-∂-Xnepw {]tXyI Xm¬]-cy-am-bn-cp-∂p. Hcp ]t£ AXv A¬ Akvl-dn-ep≈ Xs‚ A\p-`-h-Øns‚ kzm[o-\-am-bn-cn°mw.

AXnYn k¬°mcØn¬ Ad_nIfpsS amXr-I-bmWv At±lw kzoIcn- ® n- c p- ∂ - X v . DZm- c - a mb a\- v . t\mºv X pd- hn- c p- ∂ n¬ ]e- t ∏mgpw AapkvenwIfpw ]s¶-Sp-°pw. ho´n¬ At±lw ]ip-hn-s\bpw BSn-s\bpw Hs° hf¿Øp∂ Hcp I¿j-I-\mb IpSpw-_-\m-Y-\m-bmWv Nne-t∏mƒ ImW-s∏-Sp-I. ]ip-hns‚ Ib¿ ]nSn®p tImtfPv hf-∏n¬ AXns\ ]p√v Xo‰n-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p. B´n≥Ip´nsb Hma\n-°p-Ibpw AXn-t\mSv In∂mcw ]d-bp-Ibpw sNøpw. AXn-cm-hnse A_p- -_m-lns‚ ho´n¬ sN√p-∂h¿°v IuXp-I-I-c-amb ImgvN-Iƒ ImWm-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]nXmhpw a°-fpw Nncn®pw Ifn®pw Xam-i-Iƒ ]d™pw a[pc \nan-j-߃ sNe-h-gn-°pw.

D∏-bn¬ \n∂v Ip´n-Iƒ°v hoWp-In-´p∂ hne-s∏´ \nanj߃. Ip´nIƒ kvIqfn-te°v t]mIp-tºmgpw ho´n-te°v Xncn-s®-Øp-tºmgpw D∏m°v kemw ]d-b¬ \n¿_-‘w. `mcybpw \mep-a-°-fp-a-S-ßn-b-Xm-bn-cp∂p aue-hn-bpsS IpSpw-_w. Nmh°mSv apXp-h-´p-cnse F≥.-hn.-B-an-\-°p´n (a.2012) Bbn-cp-∂p At±-lØns‚ ]Xv\n. aqØ-a-Iƒ k\n-ø. c≠m-asØ aIƒ an∂-Øv. aq∂masØ aIƒ \Po-_. GI-a-I≥ Iuk¿. k\n-ø-bpsS `¿Ømhv A_p -_m-lns‚ Xs∂ injy≥ apl-ΩZv ^mdq-Jn. duk-Øp¬ Deqw Ad_nt°mtf-Pn¬ \n∂v A^vk-ep¬ De-am-_n-cp-Z-sa-SpØ tijw aZo\ CkvemanIv bq\n-th-gvkn-‰n-bnepw tijw CuPn-]vXnse A¬ Akvl¿ k¿h-I-em-im-e-bnepw ]Tn® ]fin-X-\mWv At±-lw. an∂-Øns‚ `¿Ømhv A_p- -_m-lns‚ Xs∂ ktlm-Z-cnbpsS ]p{X\pw {]kn≤ Iem-Im-c-\m-bn-cp∂ F≥.-]n.-A-_p-hns‚ ktlm-Z-c-\p-amb F≥.-]n.

C_vdmlnw Ip´n-bm-Wv. kvIqƒ A[ym-]n-I-bmb \Po-_-bpsS `¿Ømhv D÷z-e-\mb hm‹n, CJv_m¬ Ihn-X-Iƒ Bg-Øn¬ ]Tn® _lp-`mjm ]fin-X≥, ap…nw-eoKv t\Xm-hv, ]m¿en-sa‚ v saº¿, \nb-a-k-`mw-Kw, hne-s∏´ {KŸ-ß-fpsS I¿Ømhv F∂o \ne-s°√mw {]kn-≤-\mb A_vZp- -aZv ka-Zm-\n-bm-Wv. aI≥ 61 Iuk¿ ^mdqJv lb¿ sk°-≠dn kvIqƒ A[ym-]-I\pw `mcy dko\ AtX kvIqfn¬ A[ym-]n-I-bp-amWv.

]n.-ap-l-ΩZv Ip´-t»cn

9.

Cu {]`m-X-Øn\v AkvX-a-b-an√ A¬ Akvl-dn¬ \n∂v _ncpZw t\Sn tIc-f-Øn-se-Ønb tijw tcmK-ß-tfmSv a√n´p sIm≠mWv tkh\\nc-X-amb ap∏Xv h¿jhpw auem\m Ign®pIq´n-b-Xv. C{X-tbsd Akp-J-ß-fp≈ Hcp a\p-jy\v C{X al- Ø mb {]hr- Ø n- I ƒ sNøm≥ Fßs\ Ign- ™ p- s h∂v A¤pXw tXm∂pw. A√m-lp-hns‚ klm-b-Øn-ep≈ Dd® hnizm-kw, {]Xn-k-‘n-Isf XcWw sNøm-\p≈ Ic-fp-d-∏v, ITn-\m-≤zm\w F∂o KpW-ßf - mWv At±-lsØ \bn-®n-cp-∂X - v. \ncm-itbm apt∂m-´p-sh® Im]nt∂m´v hen-°p∂ `ocp-Xz-tam, FXn¿∏p-I-sf-∏-‰n-bp≈ `btam H∂pw At±-l-Øns‚ a\- ns\ Xo≠p-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. Pohn-X-Øn¬ Hcp {]tXyI XXz-im-kv{X-Øns‚ DS-a-bm-bn-cp∂p A_p- -_m-lv. hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°v \¬Inb D]-tZ-i-Øn¬ AXv Cßs\ {]I-Sn-∏n-°p∂p: ""kzm¿∞ Xm¬]cytam kvXpXn°pw kvXpXn ]T-\-Øn\pw th≠n-bp≈ tamltam \nßsf Xo≠-cp-Xv. ImcWw bYm¿∞ hnP-b-Øns‚ am\-Zfiw Bflm¿∞-Xbm-Wv. bYm¿∞ ]pjv]-Øn¬ \n∂v am{Xta ]cn-afw ASn®p hoip-Ibp-≈q. IS-emkv ]pjv]-߃˛ Ah F{X at\m-l-c-ß-fm-sW-¶nepw Hcn°epw ]cn-afw hnX-dp-I-bn-√. aX-]-c-amb X¿°-ß-fn¬ \n∂v hn´p \n¬°Ww. a‰p-≈-h-cpsS A`n-{]m-b-߃ am\n-°-Ww. Xs‚ A`n-{]m-b-ßsf kuay-X-tbm-sS, kvt\l-]q¿hw, \b-Øn¬ FXn-c-`n-{]m-b-°msc tIƒ∏n°m≥ {ian-°-Ww. At\ym\yw kXyw {K-ln∏n°pI F∂-Xm-bn-cn-°Ww e£yw. adn®p Xm≥ GsX-¶nepw hn[-Øn¬ Pbn-°Ww F∂m-I-cp-Xv.''˛ ]d-bp∂ Cu XXz-a-\p-k-cn-®mWv At±lw {]h¿Øn-®-Xpw.

tcmK-ß-tfmSv a√-Sn® [oc≥ BZyw apX¬ Xs∂ Imen\v Akp-J-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂ A_p- -_mlv s]mXp-th-Zn-I-fn¬ \ns∂√mw AI∂v \n¬°p-am-bn-cp-∂p. {]mbw sN√pw 62

t\Xr-kvarXn

auem\m A_p- -_mlv AlvaZv Aen

tXmdpw thsdbpw ]e-Xcw Akp-J-ßfpw At±-lsØ Ae-´n-s°m-≠ncp-∂p. ]t£, Ahsb F√mw tXm¬]n°pw hn[-am-bn-cp∂p At±-lØns‚ a\°cp-Øv. kwK-Xn-b-dn-bmØ Nne¿ A_p- -_mlv ]≈n-bnhcm- d n- s √∂ Bt£]w sI.- F w.- a u- e - h n- b psS ImXnepw FØn- ® p.

At±lw t\cn´v auehntbmS-t\z-jn-®-t∏m-gmWv aXw A\p-h-Zn-°p∂ Hcp ImcWw At±-l-Øn-\p-s≠∂v t_m[y-am-Ip-∂-Xv. tImtf-Pn-te°v \S∂v hcm≥ Ign-bm-Ø-hn[w Ah-iX IqSn-b-t∏mgpw At±lw A[ym-]\w \n¿Øn- b n- √ . ho´nse hcm¥ ¢m v apdn- b mbn am‰p- I - b m- b n- c p- ∂ p. t^mWn¬ _‘-s∏´v tImtf-Pn-s‚bpw tlmÃ-ens‚bpw \S-Øn-∏n\pw hnI-k\ {]h¿Ø-\-Øn\pw Bh-iy-amb ]Ww ]ncn-®p-≠m-°pw. Cu L´-Øn¬ ÿnchcp-am-\-ap-≠m-°p∂ Nne ]≤Xn-Ifpw At±lw ]q¿Ønbm-°n.

Ign-hp‰ ]n≥Km-an-Iƒ 1971 sabv 30\v HutZym-Kn-I-ambn tImtfPv {]n≥kn∏mƒ ÿm\Ø \n∂v At±lw hnc-an-®p. Xs‚ {]Y-a-in-jy\pw kc-k-\mb hm‹nbpw Ad_n Ihn-bp-am-bn-cp∂ kn.-]n.-A-_q-_-°¿ auehnsbbmWv At±lw ]n≥Km-an-bmbn \nb-an-®-Xv. H∂mw Iayq-WnÃv a{¥n-k` \new ]Xn-®t∏m¬ kn.- ] n.- F - g p- X nb "A¬ hnkmd- Ø p¬ lwdm- A v' (Np-I-∏≥ a{¥n-k-`) F∂ IhnX Gsd N¿® sNø-s∏-Sp-I-bpw tIc-fwkμ¿in® Ad_n-I-fn¬ \n∂p≈ ]mcn-tXm-jn-I-Øn-\¿l-am-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp. 1978-˛¬ At±lw dn´-b¿ sNbvX-t∏mƒ Zo¿L-Imew Ad-_nt°m-tf-Pn¬ A[ym-]-I-\mb Fw.-ap-l-ΩZv A_p- -emlv auehn {]n≥kn∏mƒ Bbn. sh√q¿ _mJn-bmØn¬ \n∂v Fw.-F-^v.-_n. _ncp-Zhpw a{Zmkv bq\n-th-gvkn-‰n-bn¬ \n∂v A^vk-ep¬ De-ambpw ]m mb auehn Ad_n Fgp-Øp-Im-c≥ Ad-_n-I-hn, `qK¿` Pew I≠p-]n-Sn-°p∂ hnZKv≤≥ F∂o \ne-s°√mw {]kn-≤-\m-bn-cp-∂p. At±-l-Øn\v tijw 1979 apX¬ 1996 hsc A_p- -_m-lns‚ Xs∂ injy\pw Cu {KŸ-Øns‚ cN-bn-Xm-hp-amb ]n.-ap-l-ΩZv Ip´-t»cn {]n≥kn-∏¬ ÿm\w hln-®p.

AXn-\p-tijw Hcp h¿jw, duk-Øn¬ \n∂v A^vk-ep¬ Deam _ncpZw t\Sn ]ns∂ aZo\ CkvemanIv bq\n-th-gvkn-‰n-bn¬ D]-cn-]-T\w \S-Ønb F.-A-_vZp¬ laoZv aue-hn-bmWv {]n≥kn-∏mƒ ÿm\Øv \nbp-‡-\mb-Xv. 1997 apX¬ Cu ÿm\w hln-°p-∂Xv duk-Øp¬ Dep-ans‚ k¥Xnbpw a° DΩp¬ Jpdm _ncp-Z-[m-cnbpw aX-{]-`m-j-I≥, Ad_n FgpØp-Im-c≥, ]e temIaX ktΩ-f-\-ßfnepw C¥ysb {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn®p ]s¶-SpØ ]fin-X≥, Ckvemlo kwLS\m t\Xmhv F∂o \nes°√mw {]kn-≤-\mb tUm.-lp-ssk≥ aS-hq¿ BWv. F√m-hcpw A_p -_mlv krjvSn® ]mc-º-cy-Øn-eqsS ÿm]-\sØ \bn-®-h-cm-Wv. 63

]n.-ap-l-ΩZv Ip´-t»cn

At±lw hf¿Øn-sb-SpØ hyXy-kvX-amb Nn¥m[mc Ct∏mgpw ÿm]\-Øn¬ XpS-cp-∂p.

Btcm-Ky-\ne tamiambns°m≠n-cp-∂p-sh-¶nepw A_p- -_mlv Xs‚ ZuXy- \ n¿h- l - W - Ø n¬ Hcp Ipdhpw hcp- Ø n- b n- √ . BZyw apX¬s° aue-hnsb NnIn-’n-®n-cp∂ tUmIvS¿ BWv Atkm-kn-tbj≥ saºdpw Imen-°‰v bq\n-th-gvkn‰n sk\‰v˛ kn≠n-t°‰v AwK-hp-am-bncp∂ tUm.-Sn.-]n.-ap-lΩ - Zv. Hcn-°¬ Ak-l\ - o-ba - mb Xe-th-Z\ h∂-t∏mƒ A_p- -_mlv Hcp hb-sd-SpØv Xe-bn¬ apdp°n sI´n. Sn.-]n.sb hnfn®p hcpØn hnhcw ]d™t∏mƒ At±-l-Øns‚ Ia‚ v: B sI´v A¬]w IqSn Xmtg°v am‰n Iq-Sm-bn-cp-∂pthm? Cu Xam-i-bn¬ Xe-th-Z\ Aen™p t]mbn. tUm.-]n.-sI.-A-_vZp¬ K^q¿, tUm.-kn.-sI.-cm-a-N-{μ≥ XpS-ßn-b-hcpw At±-lsØ ]e-t∏m-gmbn NnIn-’n-®n-cp-∂p.

A¥y-\n-an-j-߃ Gdnbpw Ipd™pw sIm≠n-cp∂ tcmKw 1971 k]vXw-_¿ BZy-hm-cØn¬ aq¿On®p A_p- -_m-lns\ tImgn-t°mSv \n¿ae tlmkv]n-‰-ente°v am‰n. Xosc Ah-i-\mbn Imdn¬ Ib-‰n-sIm≠p t]mIp-tºmgpw At±lw Xs‚ Xp¿°n sXm∏n Xe-bn¬ [cn-°m≥ ad-∂n-√. Bip-]-{Xnbn¬ kμ¿i-I-sc-sb√mw kzoI-cn®p. At±-lsØ ip{iq-jn-°p∂ \gvkpam¿°v kΩm-\n-°m≥ Iptd ]g-߃ hcp-Øn-®p. tae-[n-Im-cn-bpsS kΩXw hmßn Ah¿ B ]gw kzoI-cn®p. X߃ ip{iq-jn-°p∂ Cu tcmKn Hcp Bflob t\Xm-hm-sW∂v Ah¿ a\- n-em-°n-bn-cp-∂p. Xs‚ A¥yw ASpØp Ign™p F∂v A_p- -_m-ln\v t_m[y-am-bn. a°sf hnfn®p hcpØn Ah-tcmSv kwkm-cn-®p. Xs‚ ]n≥Km-an-bmb {]n≥kn∏mƒ kn.-]n. A_q-_-°¿ aue-hn-tbmSv tImtf-Pns‚ Imcy-߃ \∂mbn {i≤n-°m≥ \n¿tZ-in-®p. sP.-Un.‰n amt\-P¿ sI.-]n. lk≥ lmPnbpw aue-hn-bpsS GXm\pw injy-∑mcpw kZm kabw At±-lsØ ip{iqjn®p sIm≠n-cp-∂p.

1971 k]vXw-_¿ 9˛mw XnøXn hymgmgvN AkvX-an® sh≈n-bmgvN cmhv. 12 aWn kabw B alm-Zo]w s]men-™p. arX-tZlw ^mdq-Jm-_m-Znse At±-l-Øns‚ hk-Xn-bn-te°v am‰n. sh≈n-bmgvN {]`m-X-tØmsS P\{]hm-l-am-bn. ]fin-X-∑m¿, t\Xm-°ƒ, {]-ap-J-hy-‡n-Iƒ, injy-K-W-߃, hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ. Ppap-A°v apºmbn P\m-k-\-a-kvImcw \n¿h-ln-°-s∏-´p. At±lw \´p-h-f¿Ønb hn⁄m\-∏q-¶m-h-\-Øns‚ a≤y-Øn¬ Xe Db¿Øn \n¬°p∂ akvPn-ZpAkvl-dns‚ A¶-W-Øn¬, ]qs®-Sn-Iƒ°v \Sp-hn¬ At±-l-Øns‚ P\mk ad-am-S-s∏-´p.

64

t\Xr-kvarXn

auem\m A_p- -_mlv AlvaZv Aen

A_p- -_m-ln\v tijw A_p- -_m-lns‚ hntbm-Km-\-¥cw At±lw hln-®n-cp∂ Ad-_nt°m-tfPv amt\-PnwKv IΩn‰n {]kn-U≠v ÿm\-tØ°v At±-lsØ G‰hpw A[nIw kvt\ln-°p-Ibpw BZ-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp∂ DZm-ca-Xnbpw hyh-kmb {]ap-J-\p-amb cmPm A_vZp¬ JmZ¿ lmPn sXcs™-Sp-°-s∏-´p. At±-l-Øn\v tijw At±-l-Øns‚ Pmam-Xmhpw sI.A-h-dm≥ Ip´n lmPn-bpsS ]p{X-\p-amb sI.-kn.-l-k≥ Ip´n-bmWv \nban-X-\m-b-Xv. ]nXm-hn-s‚bpw `mcy-]n-Xm-hn-s‚bpw tkh\ ]mc-º-cy-ØneqsS \oßnb At±lw BZ¿i-\n-jvT\pw \nkzm¿∞ tkh-I\pw ]e kmwkvIm-cnI kmaqly kwcw-`-ß-fp-sSbpw t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ hncm-Pn-°p∂ hy‡n-bp-ambncp∂p. ]n∂oSv {]kn-U≠v ÿm\w hln® dn´.-sU.-I-eIvS¿ ]n.-Ip-™-l-Ω-Zn\p tijw Cu {KŸw ]pd-Øn-d-ßp-tºmƒ B ÿm\w hln-°p-∂-Xv \nc-h[n ÿm]-\-߃ \S-Øp∂ hyh-kmb {]apJ\pw kwÿm\ k¿°m-cns‚ A®o-hvsa‚ v Ahm¿Uv tPXm-hpw, ]e aX-˛-hn-Zym-`ym-k-˛-km-aq-ly-˛-kmw-kv°m-cnI kwL-S-\-I-fnepw kPo-h-ambn {]h¿Øn-°p∂ DZm-c-a-Xn-bp-amb ]n.-sI.-AlvaZv BWv. Ad-_n-t°m-tfPv sk{I-´-dn-bmbn Fw.-Ip-t™mbn sshZy¿°pw sI.-Ip-™n-ap-l-ΩZv F∂ am\p-lm-Pn°pw tijw sImf-tºm-tÃmgvkv amt\-P¿ Fkv.-C-kvam-Cuens‚ ]p{X≥ Fkv.-ap-l-ΩZv bq\pkv tkh-\-a-\p-jvTn-°p∂p.

du-k-Øp¬ Deqw Atkm-kn-tb-j≥ tIc-f-Øns‚ \m\m-`m-K-Øp-\n-∂p-ap≈ {]apJ hy‡n-Iƒ Dƒs°m≈p∂ duk-Øp¬ Depw Atkm-kn-tb-j≥ ÿm]n-X-am-bXv apX¬ 1971˛¬ A_p- - _ mlv \ncym- X - \ mIpw hsc AXns‚ {]kn- U - ≠ mbn XpS¿∂Xv At±lw Xs∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p. tijw A_p- -_m-lns‚ BKa\w apX¬t° At±-l-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´v tkh\ {]h¿Ø-\-߃ \SØn-t∏m∂ cmPm A_vZp¬Jm-Z¿ lmPn-bpw Fw.-Ip-t™mbn sshZycpw B ÿm\w hln-®p. 1999 apX¬ {]kn-U≠v ]Zhn Ae-¶-cn-°p-∂Xv kap-{Z-hym-]m-c-cw-KsØ kPo-h-km-∂n-[yhpw ]e hnZym-`ymk˛ kmaqly-˛-hy-h-kmb kwL-S-\-I-fp-ambpw ÿm]-\-ßfpambpw _‘-s∏´p {]h¿Øn-°p∂ s]mXp {]h¿Ø-I-\pamb sI.-hn.-Ip-™-ΩZv tImbbmWv. ^mdqJv tImtf-Pn\v KWy-amb tkh-\-߃ A¿∏n® Xs‚ hμy]n-Xmhv ]n.-sF.AlvaZv tImb-bp-sS-bpw `mcym-]n-Xmhv sImb-∏-sØmSn AlvaZvIp´n lmPn-bp-sSbpw tkh-\-]m-c-º-cy-Øn-eq-sS-bmWv sI.-hn.bpw k©-cn-°p-∂-Xv. du-k-Øp¬ Deqw Atkm-kn-tb-js‚ H∂m-asØ sk{I-´-dn-bmb AUz.-Fw.-hn. sslt{Zm-kns‚ ac-W-tijw ^mdqJv sslkvIqƒ {][m\ A[ym-]-I\pw A_p- -_m-lp-ambn G‰hpw ASpØv CS-]-gIn {]h¿Øn65

]n.-ap-l-ΩZv Ip´-t»cn

® hy‡n-bp-am-bn-cp∂ ]n.-F.-e-Øo^v BWv B ÿm\w hln-®n-cp-∂Xv. 2001 apX¬ ^mdqJv tImtfPv Cw•ojv A[ym-]-I≥, {]n≥kn-∏mƒ, apkvenw \yq\-]£ {]iv\-ß-sf-∏‰n ]T\w \SØn teJ-\-߃ FgpXp∂ Kth-j-I≥ F∂o \ne-s°√mw {]kn-≤-\mb s{]m^.bp.ap-l-ΩZv BWv sk{I-´dn. Atkm-kn-tb-j≥ saº¿amcpw AXns‚ Iogn-ep≈ ÿm]-\ß-fpsS \S-Øn-∏p-Imcpw A[n-Ihpw A_p- -_m-lp-ambn _‘s∏´p {]h¿Øn®hcpsS a°fpw tij-°m-cp-am-Wv. ]pdsa kmaqly kwkvIm-cnI cwK-ß-fn¬ {]kn-≤-cmb hy‡n-I-fp-ap-≠v. ]n≥X-e-ap-d°m¿ A_p- -_mlv \´p-h-f¿Ønb hnPvRm-\-∏q-¶m-h-\-Øn¬ IqSp-X¬ ]qs®Sn-Iƒ sh®p ]nSn-∏n®pw hn]p-eo-I-cn®pw AXns\ ]cn-c£n-°p-∂-Xn{i≤n°p∂-h-cm-Wv. ^mdqJm_mZv hnZym`ymk kap-®bw C∂v Hcp A¿≤ k¿h-I-em-im-e-bpsS ]Z-hn-bn-te-°p-b¿∂n-cn-°p-∂p.

Cu al-Ømb hn⁄m-\-∏q-¶m-h-\hpw Ah-bnse ]q°-fn¬ \n∂v a[p\pI-cm≥ ]d-s∂-Øp∂ ]Xn-\m-bn-c-ßfpw Ah¿°v hgn-Im-Wn-°p∂ alm-tbm-Kn-Ifpw \ne-\n¬°p-t∂-S-tØmfw Imew A_p- -_mlv kvacn°-s∏´psImt≠-bn-cn-°pw. tIc-f-Øn¬ hnZym`ymk˛-kmw-kvIm-cnI taJe-bn¬ At±lw krjvSn® Adn-hns‚ s]m≥In-c-W-߃ \m\m `mKtØ°pw {]k-cn-∏n®v Hcp hnkvab ImgvN-bmbn \ne-sIm-≈p-∂p. ^mdqJv tImtfPv Imº-kn-seØn A_p- -_m-lns\ t\cn¬ ImWpIbpw At±-l-Øns‚ al-Ømb hnZym-`ymk {]h¿Ø-\-߃ a\- nem-°p-Ibpw sNbvX CuPn-]vjy≥ kmwkvIm-cnI kwLw t\Xmhpw temI {]ikvX ]fin-X-\p-amb ssiJv A_vZp¬ ap≥Cw A∂-an¿ hnkva-b-`cnX\mbn A_p- -_m-lns\ Cßs\ hnti-jn-∏n®p: ""k_m-lp≥ em akm-Ae'' Cu {]`m-X-Øn\v AkvX-a-b-an-√.

66

t\Xr-kvarXn

auem\m A_p- -_mlv AlvaZv Aen

A\p-_‘w 1 (1950-˛¬ kn.-F≥.-AlvaZv aue-hn-bpsS ]{Xm-[n-]-Xy-Øn¬ ]pd-Øn-d-ßn-bncp∂ A≥kmcn amkn-I-bn¬ auem\m A_p- -_m-lv Fgp-Xnb teJ\w)

Ckvem-anse \a-kv°mcw auem\m A_p- -_mlv AlvaZv Aen {]n≥kn-∏mƒ, duk-Øp¬ Depw Ad-_nIv tImtf-Pv, ^tdm°v

Bflo-bw, imco-cn-Iw, kmaq-lnIw F∂n-ßns\ hnhn-[-h-i-ß-fnIqSn-bp≈ a\p-jy-cpsS hf¿®sb e£yw sh®p-sIm-≠mWv Nne BNmc-߃ A\p-jvTn-°p-hm\pw hnizm-k-߃ ssIsIm-≈p-hm\pw Ckvemw Iev]n-®n-´p-≈-Xv. \a-kvIm-cw, t\mºv, k°m-Øv, l÷v apX-em-b-h-sb√mw Xs∂ CØcw e£y-ßsf ap≥\n-dpØn Iev]n-°-s∏-´n-´p-≈-h-bm-Ip-∂p. ]s£ \mw AsXm∂pw Nn¥n-°p-∂n-√. shdpw Nne NS-ßp-I-sf-t∂mWw Ah-sb√mw \n¿Δ-ln-°pI am{X-amWv sNøp-∂-Xv. AXp-sIm≠v AhbpsS B¥-cm¿∞-߃ \ΩpsS Pohn-X-Øn¬ {]Xn-^-en®p ImWp-∂ns√∂p am{X-ta-bp-≈p. \a-kvImcw Ckvemanse BNm-c-ß-fn¬ AXy[nIw {]m[m-\y-ap≈ H∂m-W-s√m. AXp-sIm≠v AXn-s‚-bpw, AXn\p apºp≈ ipNo-I-cWw apX-emb BNm-c-ß-fp-sSbpw B¥-cm¿∞-߃ Npcp°n hnh-cn-°p-I-bmWv Cu teJ-\-Øns‚ Dt±-iyw.

ipNnXzw Hmtcm apkvenhpw A©p-t\cw \n¿∫-‘-ambpw \a-kvImcw \n¿Δln-°-W-sa-∂pw, Ah-bn¬ Hmtcm∂n\v apºpw hmbv, apJw, sNhn, ssI, Im¬ apX-emb AwK-ßsf ipNo-I-cn-°-W-sa∂pw aXw Iev]n-°p-∂p.

CXn¬ ]e cl-ky-ßfpw AS-ßn-bn-´p-≠v. 1. hnhn[ Bh-iy-߃°mbn a\p-jy¿ kZm D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xpw, AXn-\mFt∏mgpw Agp°p ]‰p-hm≥ CS-bp-≈-Xp-amb AwK-ß-fm-Wnh. AXpsIm≠p Cu Ah-b-h-߃ Hcp Znhkw 5 {]mhiyw Igp-Ip-tºmƒ ChbpsS amen\yw \oßp-∂-Xpw, Ch-sIm≠p kv]¿in-°-s]-Sp∂ a‰p km[\߃°p Agp°p ]‰p-hm-\n-S-h-cm-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xp-am-Wv. 2. Cu Ah-b-h-ßfn¬ am{X-a-√, \a-kvI-cn-°p-∂-h≥ [cn-°p∂ hkv{Xw, Ah≥ \nev°p∂ ÿew F∂n-h-bnepw bmsXm-cp-hn-[-Øn-ep≈ amen-\yhpw D≠m-bn-cn-°phm≥ ]mSn-s√∂p aXw Iev]n-°p-∂p. hnb¿∏v, s]mSn apX-emb Agp-°p67

]n.-ap-l-ΩZv Ip´-t»cn

Iƒ t]mepw Ch-bn¬ \n∂p \o°w sNø-W-sa-∂mWv aXw D]-tZ-in-°p∂-Xv. Cßns\ Ch-sb√mw amen-\y-߃ ]‰msX kq£n-®p-sh-°m≥ km[n-°-W-sa-¶n¬, hoSpw, ]cn-k-c-ßfpw ipNo-I-cn®p sh°m-Xn-cn-°phm≥ \nhr-Øn-bn-√-s√m. At∏mƒ Cu Iev]\ aqew, k¿hcpw ico-chpw hkv{X-hpw hoSpw ]cn-k-c-hp-sa√mw kZm hrØn-bm-°n-sh-°p-hm≥ \n¿∫-‘cmbnØocp-I-bpw, AXv Ah-cpsS Btcm-Ky-]-c-amb hf¿®°v AXy-[nIw klm-b-I-ambn `hn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. 3. a\p-jy¿°p-≠mIp∂ tcmK-ß-fn¬ Hcp henb hn`m-Kw, Z¥-ip≤n hcp-Øm-ØXp sIm≠msW∂p Kth-jWw aqew sXfn-™n-´p-≈-Xmbn Btcm-Ky-im-kv{X-\n-]pW-cmb tUmIvS¿am¿ {]kvXm-hn-°p-∂p. B \ne°v t\m°p-tºmƒ Hcp hen-b-hn-`mKw tcmK-߃ XS-bp-hm≥ "hpkp'hnse A©p-t\-csØ Z¥ip≤n Xs∂ klm-b-I-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂-Xm-W-s√m. Z¥-ip≤n hcp-Ø-Wsa-∂p-am-{X-a-√, hmbnse Zp¿§‘w \o°w sNø-W-sa∂p IqSn Ckvemw D]-tZ-in-°p-∂p-≠v. 4. a\p-jy-_p-≤n°v ⁄m\w e`n-°p-∂Xv ]t©-{μnb-߃ hgn-bm-bn-´m-Wv. "hpkp-'hnse Ah-b-h-߃ ]t©-{μn-b-߃ ktΩ-fn® ÿe-hp-am-Ip-∂p. At∏mƒ CS-°nsS ip≤-Pew sIm≠p≈ kv\m\w Ah°p IqSp-X¬ {]h¿Ø-\-i‡n D≠m-°p-sa-∂p-≈Xv Xo¿®bm-W-s√m. 5. t_m[-£bw, Xf¿® apX-emb kpJ-t°-Sp-≠m-Ip-tºmƒ apJØpw Xe-bnepw sh≈-sam-gn-°p-∂Xpw DSs\ Ah kpJ-s∏-Sp-∂Xpw \ap-°-\p-`-h-amWv. AXp-sIm≠v amμyw ]nSn-s]´p £oWn®p Xf¿∂p InS-°p∂ Rc-ºp-Iƒ°pw Xe-t®m-dn\pw ip≤-Pew sIm≠p≈ kv\m\w aqew DW¿hpw \h-Po-h\pw \¬In, ASpØp ssZh k∂n-[n-bn¬ sh®p \S-Øp-hm≥ t]mIp∂ A`n-apJ kw`m-j-W-Øn-∂\ptbmPyamw-hÆw _p≤n°p DW¿hpw Dt∑-jhpw D≠m-°n-Øo¿t°≠ Dt±-ihpw CXn-ep≠v. 6. tIm]w h∂m¬ thKw t]mbn "hpkp' sNø-W-sa∂p \_n (k) Iev]n-®n-´p-≠v. CXns‚ A¿∞w ip≤-Pew sIm≠p≈ AwK-kv\m\w a\p-jy-cn¬ £am-io-ehpw im¥-X-bp-ap-f-hm-°p-sa-∂m-W-s√m. AXpsIm≠p AØcw Dt±-i-ßfpw "hpkp'-hn¬ AS-ßn-bn-´p-≠v. 7. ssZh-k∂n-[n-bn¬ sh®p \S-Øp-hm≥ t]mIp∂ {]m¿∞-\-°p≈ Hcp-°-am-bn-´mWs√m Cu Ah-b-h-߃ Igp-Ip-hm≥ Iev]n-®n-´p-≈-Xv. a‰p-≈-h-cp-ambn CS-s]-Sp-tºmƒ, hninjym alm-∑m-cpsS kZ- p-I-fn¬ t]mIp-tºmƒ hrØn-bpsS Imcyw {]tXyIw kq£n-°-W-sa∂v CXv kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p.

Cßns\ ]e cl-ky-ßfpw CXn¬ AS-ßn-bn-´p-≠v.

F∂m¬ Cu ipNo-I-cWw GsX-¶nepw {]Im-c-Øn¬ km[n-®mt]mcm˛ AXm-bXv ag-sIm-≠n-t´m, sh≈-Øn¬ hoWnt´m Hcm-fpsS icoc-Ønse Agp-°pIƒ apgp-h\pw \oßn-t∏m-hp-Ibpw ta¬]-d™ a‰p-t±i- ß ƒ km[n- ° p- I bpw sNbv X p- s h∂p sh°p- I . AXp- s Im≠v 68

t\Xr-kvarXn

auem\m A_p- -_mlv AlvaZv Aen

Abmƒ°v \a-kvI-cn-°p-hm≥ ]mSn-√. C∂n∂ Bh-iy-߃°mbn Xm≥ ipNo-I-cn-°p∂p F∂p≈ t_m[-tØm-Sp-IqSn ipNo-I-cWw \n¿Δ-ln-®h-\p-am-{Xsa \a-kvI-cn-°p-hm≥ ]mSp-≈p. Imc-Ww, Xmev°m-en-I-amb ipNnXzw am{X-a-√, kpÿn-c-amb ipNn-Xz-t_m[w a\p-jy-cn¬ D≠m-°nØo¿t°≠ Dt±-ihpw IqSn "hpkp'hn¬ Hfn™p InS-°p-∂p-≠v. AXpsIm≠v Cu t_m[-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-√msX \S-Øp∂ "hpkp' hnt∂m, \akvIm-c-Øn-t\m, t\mºnt\m bmsXmcp ^e-hp-an-s√-∂mWv aXw kn≤m¥n- ° p- ∂ - X v . ImcWw icn- b mb t_m[- t ØmSp IqSn- b - √ m- s X- b p≈ bmsXmcp {]hr-Ønbpw a\p-jy-lr-Z-bsØ \nb-{¥n-°p-hm≥ D]-tbm-Ks∏-Sp-I-bn-√-s√m. Cu t_m[-\-Øn-∂mWv \mw ""\nøØv'' F∂p ]d-bp∂-Xv.

"In_ve' AwK-ip-No-I-c-W-Øn¬ \n∂p hnc-an-®-Xn\p tijw a°m-]-´-W-ØnÿnXn sNøp∂ "In_ve'bpsS t\sc Xncn™p \nev°-W-sa∂p aXw Iev]n-°p-∂p. CXnepw ]e cl-ky-ßfpw AS-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. 1. temIw apgp-h\pw _lpssZhmcm-[-\-bn¬ apgp-In-t∏m-bn-cp∂ ImeØv GI-ssZhsØ am{Xw Bcm-[n-°p-hm-\mbn `qap-JØv G‰hpw BZy-ambn ÿm]nX-am-bn-´p≈ ]≈n-bm-W-Xv. C{_mlnw \_n (A) BWv AXns‚ ÿm]I≥. At∏mƒ AXn-\p-t\sc Xncn-™p-\n-ev°p-tºmƒ, temI-\n-b-¥mhmb A√m-lp-hns\ hW-tß-≠Xv Xs‚ IS-a-bm-sW-∂pw, Ah-s\-b√msX a‰m-scbpw hW-ß-cp-sX-∂p-ap≈ t_m[w a\p-jy-\p-≠m-bn-Øocp-∂-Xm-W-t√m. 2. `qan-bpsS \m\m `mK-ß-fn¬ Xma-kn-°p∂ apkvenwIƒ AXn\p t\sc Xncn™p \nev°p-tºmƒ Xß-sf-√m-hcpw Htc-e-£ysØ ap≥ \ndpØn Pohn-°p-∂-h-cm-sW-∂p≈ t_m[w Ah¿s°√mw D≠mbnØo-cp-I-bpw, `n∂n∏pw I£n-Xzhpw hcmsX Ah-cpsS CS-bn¬ sFIyw \ne-\n-dp-Øp-∂-Xn\v AXp t{]c-I-ambn `hn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xm-Wv. 3.

Ing-°p, sX°p, hS-°p, ]Sn-™mdv F∂o \mep `mK-ß-fn¬ GsX-¶nepw Hc-p \n-›n-X-`m-K-tØ°p Xncn™p \nev°p-hm≥ temI-Øp≈ F√m apkvenwI-tfmSpw Iev]n-®m¬ B `mK-Øn\p A√m-lp-hp-ambn {]tXyI _‘-ap-s≠∂v P\-߃ [cn-°p-hm≥ CS-h-cp-∂-Xm-Wv. t\sc-a-dn®v "IA_' bpsS Ing-°p-≈-h-tcmSp ]Sn-™mdp `mK-tØ-°pw, ]Sn-™m-dp≈-h-tcmSp Ing-t°m-´pw, AXn\p sX°p-≈-h-tcmSp hS-t°m-´pw, hS-°p≈-h-tcmSv sXt°m´pw Xncn-™p-\n-ev°p-hm≥ Iev]n-®m¬ Hcp {]tXyI `mK-Øn\p h√ ]pWytam A√m-lp-hn\v AXp-hp-ambn h√ {]tXy-I-_‘tam Ds≠∂v P\-߃ sX‰n-≤-cn-°p-hm≥ CS-h-cn-I-bn-√. 4. A¥y{]hm-N-I-\mb apl-ΩZp \_n (k)-bpsS P∑-`q-an-bmb a°m-bn-em-Wt√m "IAv_' ÿnXn sNøp-∂-Xv. AXp-sIm≠v Atßm´p Xncn-™p-\n-ev°p69

]n.-ap-l-ΩZv Ip´-t»cn

tºmƒ Ckvemans‚ ]q¿Δ-Zisb ]‰nbp-≈ hnhn[ kvac-W-Iƒ AXp a\- n¬ DZn∏n°p-∂Xpw XZzmcm Ckveman\p t\sc-bp≈ `‡n-_-lpam-\-߃ ]Xn-∑-S-ßmbn h¿≤n-°p-∂-Xp-am-Wv. 5. a\p-jy\p ssZhm-cm[\ \S-Øp-tºmƒ Hcp `mK-tØt°m Hcp km[-\-Øn\p t\sctbm Xncn™p \nev°msX \nhr-Øn-bn-√. ssZh-Øn-∂m-sW-¶n¬ {]tXy-Iambn Hcp `mKtam ÿetam C√-Xm-\pw. At∏mƒ km[n-°p∂ GsX¶nepw Hcp ÿe-tØ-°p Xncn-™m¬ aXn-sb∂p sht°≠n hcp-∂-XmWv. Aßns\ hcp-tºmƒ Bcm-[-\°p Hcp hyh-ÿ-bn-√msX hcpw.

AXp hcm-Xn-cn-°m-\mbn ÿe-\n¿Æbw sNtø-≠-Xm-h-iy-hp-am-Wv. F∂m¬ B ÿew GI-ssZ-hsØ Bcm-[n-°p-hm≥ D≠m-°nb {]Ya ssZhm-e-b-am-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv ]e-Xp-sIm≠pw \√-Xm-W-s√m. Cßns\ ]e cl-ky-ßfpw AXn-ep-≠v. tZl-ip≤n hcpØn A√m-lp-hn-t\mSv {]m¿∞n-°p-hm-\mbn Hcpßn \n¬°p-∂-h≥ "IAv_' bpsS t\sc Xncn-™p-\n¬°p-tºmƒ Ahs‚ lrZ-b-Øn¬IqSn CØcw kvac-W-I-sf√mw IS∂p t]mhp-I-bpw, temI{k-jvSmhpw \nb-¥m-hp-amb A√m-lp-hns‚ al-Xzhpw Ahs\ hWtß≠Xns‚ Bh-iy-I-Xbpw AXn¬ ÿew ]nSn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

At∏m-gmWv B `‡n rônÑrcnG o¬s∏dnG (A-√mlp G‰hpw alm≥) F∂p hmKv cq]-Øn¬ Ah≥ {]I-Sn-∏n-°bpw hn\-b-kq-N-I-ambn ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bnssIsI´n \nev°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xv. A\-¥cw GXm≠v C{_m-lnw-\_n (A) sNm√nbn´p≈ AtX kXy-{]-Xn⁄ Ah≥ sNm√p-∂p.

.nø`«pcôp °r ûoªdr G øn ep ÉnfGn Énehn Ékª∏p °r ùoe ÉkØ«pæMn ¢n VrQ’Cn Gr hn ä p Gnƒªn °s ùdG ôn £n an …pò∏s dp »n ¡p Lr hn â o ¡r Ls hn n∂pdGnòpHnh o¬nd n∂jpôn°T n’ .nø`«pªndÉn©rdG uÜnQ p¬s∏pd »pJÉnªnenh n…Én«rënenh »pμo°ùofnh »pJG∏n°U s¿pG .nø`«pª∏p °r ùoªdr G øn ep ÉnfGn hn ä o ôr ep GCo (a-‰p-≈-h-bn¬ \ns∂√mw hnc-an-®v, A\p-k-c-W-t_m-[-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn, BIm- i - ` q- a n- I sf krjv S n® A√m- l p- h n\p t\sc Fs‚ apJsØ Rm\nXm Xncn- ® ncn°p∂p. Rm≥ ssZhm- c m- [ - \ - b n¬ a‰p- ≈ - h sc ]¶ptN¿°p∂-h-cn¬ s]´-h-\-√. Fs‚ {]m¿∞-\-bpw, Fs‚ XymK-hpw, F∂-√, Fs‚ Pohn-X-hpw, Fs‚ ac-W-hp-sa√mw Xs∂ k¿Δ-temI c£n-Xm-hmb A√mlphn\p≈Xm-Ip-∂p. Ah\p (tem-I\ - n-b{- ¥-WØ - n¬) bmsXmcp ]¶p-Im-c-\p-an-√. Cßn-s\-bmWv Ft∂mSp Iev]n-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv. Rm≥ A\p-k-c-W-ap-≈-h-cn¬ s]´-h-\m-Ip-∂p).

CtXm-Sp-IqSn \n o-a-amb Xs‚ `‡n°pw _lp-am-\-Øn\pw ]m{Xo`-hn-®n-cn-°p-∂-h≥ A√mlp am{X-am-sW∂pw, Ahs‚ {]oXn-°mbn Xs‚ 70

t\Xr-kvarXn

auem\m A_p- -_mlv AlvaZv Aen

Pohn-XsØ _en-I-gn-°p-hm-\pw acWw hcn-°p-hm≥ t]mepw Xm≥ k∂≤-\m-sW∂pw Ah≥ {]Xn⁄ sNbvXp Ign-™p. AXn-\m¬ A\¥cw {]kvXpX Imcy-\n¿Δ-l-W-Øn\p {]Xn-_-‘-ambn \nev°p∂ F√m Zp»-‡n-I-fn¬ \n∂pw Xs∂ c£n-°p-hm-\mbn Ah≥ A√m-lp-hn-t\m-St]-£n-°p∂p: º«pLsôdG p¿Én£r«s°ûdG nøpe p¬s∏dÉpH oPƒoZnG (i-]n-°-s∏´ ]nim-Nns‚ D]-{Z-h-Øn\n∂p Fs∂ c£n-°p-hm-\mbn Rm≥ A√m-lp-hns\ A`bw {]m]n-°p∂p). ]n∂oSv Ah≥ Xs‚ {]hrØn A√m-lp-hns‚ \ma-Øn¬Øs∂ Bcw-`n-°p∂p: º p «pMôs dG øp ªn Mr ôs dG ¬p ∏s dG ºp °r ùpH (I-cp-Wm-\n-[nbpw ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I\p-amb A√m-lp-hns‚ \ma-Øn¬ Rm≥ Bcw-`n-°p-∂p) Aßns\ A√mlp Xt∂mSp ImWn- ® n- ´ p≈ \m\m- h n- t [- \ - b p≈ Imcp- W y- ß tfm¿Øp AXn-\-h≥ \μn ]d-bp∂p: øn `«pªdn Én©dr G Ü u Qn ¬p ∏s dp ~o ªr ë n dr Gn (k¿Δ kvXpXnbpw k¿Δ temI ]cn-]m-e-I\mb A√m-lp-hn-\p-≈-Xm-Ip-∂p) A√mlp Cu {]]-©sØ hfsc IuXp-I-I-c-amb \ne-bn-emWv krjvSn®v ]cn-]m-en-°p-∂-Xv. a\p-jy-cpsS Pohn-Xm-hÿ am{Xw ]cn-tim[n-®m¬ Xs∂ Ahs‚ ]cn-]m-e-\-ssh-`hw I≠p \mw A¤pX]c-h-icm-bn-Øo-cp-∂-Xm-Wv. K¿`m-i-b-Øn-en-cn-°p-tºmƒ inip-hn-\m-h-iy-ap≈ k¿Δ G¿∏m-Sp-Ifpw AhnsS Ah≥ sNbvXp-sIm-Sp-°p-∂p. {]k-hn-°p∂ Ah-k-c-Øn¬ inip-hns‚ Zl-t\-{μn-b-߃°p i‡n hfsc Ipd-hmbn-cn-°p-∂-Xm-W-t√m. AXp-sIm≠p A∂p IpSn-°phm≥ G‰hpw t\cnb ]memWv Ah≥ Hcp-°n-sh-°p-∂-Xv. ]n∂oSv Zl-t\-{μn-b-߃°p i‡n IqSn-IqSn hcpw-tXmdpw ]m¬ I´n Iq´n-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. {]k-hn® DSs\ A]-cn-Nn-Xa - m-b B km[\w Ign-°W - s - a-∂p≈ t_m[w inip-hn\v Ah≥ D≠m-°n-s°m-Sp-°p-∂p. Bh-iy-a-\p-k-cn®pw {Ia-ambpw Int´-≠-Xn-\mbn B ]m¬ kq£n-®n-´p≈ amXm-hn\v B Ip´n-bpsS t\sc AXn-c‰ hm’ey-hpw, kvt\lhpw Ah≥ P\n-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. CsX√mw Ahs‚ ]cn-]m-e-\-ssh-`-h-Øns‚ ZrjvSm-¥-ß-fm-Ip-∂p. F∂m¬ A√mlp Cßns\ temI-]-cn-]m-e\w \S-Øp-∂Xp h√ {]Xn-^ew tamln-®nt´m at‰m As√∂pw AXn-c‰ Ahs‚ ImcpWyw sIm≠pw am{X-am-sW∂pw p «pMôs dG øp ªn Mr ôs dnG (I-cp-Wm-\n-[nbpw ImWn-®p-sIm≠v ]n∂o-S-h≥ ]d-bp∂p: º ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I-\p-amb A√m-lp-hn-\s{X k¿Δ kvXpXn-bpw).

A\-¥cw A√m-lp-hns‚ ImcpWyw Ahy-h-ÿn-X-a-√, \oXn-]q¿hI-am-sW-∂pw, AXp-sIm-≠mWv ]c-tem-IØp sh®v kZvhr-Ø-∑m¿°pw Zp¿hr-Ø-∑m¿°pw Ah-cpsS {]hr-Øn-Iƒ°-\p-tbm-Py-amb {]Xn-^ew sImSp-°p-∂-Xm-sW∂v Ah≥ \n›-bn-®n-´p-≈-sX∂pw kqNn-∏n®p sIm≠v 71

]n.-ap-l-ΩZv Ip´-t»cn

Ah≥ ]d-bp-∂p. pøju~dG pΩrƒnj p∂pdÉne ({]-Xn-^ew \¬I-s∏-Sp∂ Znh-k-Øns‚ DS-a-ÿ-\p-amb A√m-lp-hn-\s{X k¿Δ-kvXp-Xn-bpw) C{Xb[nIw Imcp-Wy-tØm-Sp-IqSn Xs∂ ]cn-]m-en-°p-∂-h-\mWv A√mlp F∂p hcp-tºmƒ Ahs\ hW-tß-≠Xv Xs‚ IS-a-bm-sW∂pw, Ahs\ IqSmsX a‰m-scbpw Bcm-[n-°-cp-sX-∂pw, Bcm-[n-®n´p bmsXmcp ^e-hp-an-s√∂pw, Ah\p t_m[yw hcp-∂p. At∏m-gmWv Ah≥ ]d-bp-∂Xv: oø`«p©nàr°ùnf n∑ÉsjpGnh o~oÑr©nf n∑ÉsjpG (\ns∂ am{Xw R߃ Bcm-[n-°p∂p. \nt∂mSp am{Xw R߃ klm-b-Øn-∂-t]-£n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p).

AXm-bXv, "ASn-a-Ø-Øn-s‚bpw IogvhW°-Øns‚bpw Atß-b‰w \ns‚ k∂n-[n-bn¬ am{Xta R߃ ka¿∏n-°-bp-≈p. a‰m-cpsS apºnepw R߃ AXp ka¿∏n-°-bn-√. \nt∂m-S-√msX a‰m-tcmSpw R߃ klmb-Øn-\-t]-£n-°-bp-an√' F∂¿∞w.

Xn∂p-I, IpSn-°p-I, Ccn-°p-I, \S-°p-I, D]-Po-h-\-Øn-\p≈ hkvXp°ƒ kºm-Zn-°pI apX-emb Imcy-߃°p≈ i‡n A√mlp a\p-jy\v \¬In-bn-´p-≠-t√m. AXp-sIm≠v Xs‚ \nb-{¥-W-Øn-\-[o-\-s∏-Sm-ØXpw, Xs∂ A_-≤-Ønepw kp_≤Ønepw sIm≠p-t]mbn NmSn-°p-∂Xp-amb Xs‚ _p≤nsb am¿§-Z¿i\w sNøp-hm-\mWv Xm≥ A√m-lp-hnt\m-S-t]-£n-°p-∂-sX-∂pw, AXmWv Xm≥ Dt±-in-°p∂ klm-b-sa∂pw Nq≠n-°m-Wn®p sIm≠v Ah≥ ]d-bp∂p: nº«p≤nàr°ùoªrdG n•Gnôu°üdG Énfp~rgpG (\o Rßsf t\¿am¿§-Øn-te°p hgn ImWn-t°-W-ta) A\-¥cw Xm≥ Dt±-in-°p∂ t\¿am¿§w GXm-sW∂p Ah≥ hni-Za - m-°p∂p: º r ¡p «r ∏n Yn â n ªr ©n fr Gn

øn jpòds G • n Gnô°p U (A-Xm-bXv \o A\p-{K-ln-®-h-cpsS am¿§w) \_n-am¿, kXyk-‘-∑m¿, XymKn-h-cy-cmb c‡-km-£n-Iƒ, a‰p≈ k÷-\-߃ F∂nh-sc-bmWv Xm≥ A\p-{K-ln-®n-´p-≈-sX∂v "Jp¿B\n¬' A√mlp {]kvXm-hn-®n-´p≠v. AXmWv Cu hmIyw sIm≠-h≥ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. CXp ]d-bp-tºmƒ c≠p Iq´¿ Ahs‚ Hm¿Ω-bn¬ hcp-∂p. 1. kXyw C∂Xm-sW∂v a\- n-em-bn´p IqSn, Alw-`mhw sImt≠m, a¿°-S-ap-jvSn-aqetam AXp ssIs°m≈msX \S∂p A√m-lp-hn-s‚bpw temI-Øns‚bpw tIm]-Øn\p ]m{Xo-`-hn-®-h¿. 2. a\p-jy-cpsS bYm¿∞m-`n-hr≤n am¿§w GXm-sW∂p a\- n-em-°p-hm≥ {ian-°pI Xs∂ sNømsX hgn]n-g®p Pohn-°p-∂-h¿. Cu c≠p Iq´-cm-W-Xv. AXn-\m¬ AØ-c-°m¿ \S-°p∂ hgn-bn¬ NmSn-t∏m-ImsX Xs∂ c£n-°p-hm-\mbn Ah≥ A√mlp-hn-t\mSp {]m¿∞n-°p∂p: .nø`«udÉs° dG n’nh rºp¡r«n∏nY p܃o° r¨nªrdG pôr«nZ (tIm-]Øn\p ]m{Xo-`-hn-®-h-cp-tSbpw hgn-]n-g-®-h-cp-tSbpw am¿§-a-√). Ah-km\w {]kvXpX {]m¿∞-\-I-sf√mw kzoI-cn-t°-Wta F∂p ImWn®p sIm≠p 72

t\Xr-kvarXn

auem\m A_p- -_mlv AlvaZv Aen

Ah≥ ho≠pw At]-£n-°p-∂p. rø`«peBG (Cu {]m¿∞\ kzoI-cn-t°Wta!) Xs‚ Pohn-X-bm{X hgn-]n-g®p t]mImsX e£yw {]m]n-t°-≠-Xn\p hgn-Im-Wn-°p-hm-\m-Ws√m Ah≥ A√m-lp-hn-t\m-S-t]-£n-®-Xv. Cu Ahk-c-Øn¬ Ωo ƒn br Gn » n gp »pà∏s dp …p~¡r jn ¿n BGôr ≤o dr G Gnògn ¿s Gp ""Xo¿®-bmbpw Cu "Jp¿-B≥' G‰hpw t\tc-bp≈ am¿§-Øn-te°p (a-\p-jy-sc) hgn-Im-Wn-°p-∂-XmsW∂p'' ≈ ssZh-k-tμiw Ahs‚ a\- n¬ DZbw sNøp-∂p. At∏mgmWv Jp¿-B-\nse Hc-≤ym-btam As√-¶n¬ Ipsd hmIy-ßtfm Ah≥ HmXp-∂-Xv. CXp-hsc {][m-\-ambn a\- p-sIm≠pw hm°p sIm≠pw am{X-amWv Xs‚ `‡n-_-lp-am-\-߃ Ah≥ ssZhk-∂n-[n-bn¬ {]I-Sn-∏n-®n-cp-∂Xv. Ct∏mƒ {]Xn-I-c-W-ß-sf-s°m≠v Xs‚ `‡nbpw hn\-bhpw Ah≥ ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn¬ ka¿∏n-°p-hm≥ Dt±-in-°p-∂p. AXn-\m¬ rônÑrcnG o¬s∏dnG (A-√mlp G‰hpw alm≥) F∂p ]d-™p-sIm≠p Ah≥ Xe Ip\n°p-I-bpw, ssIc≠pw Imens‚ ap´n-t∑¬ sh®p-sIm≠p ssZh-kvtXm{Xw Bh¿Øn-®m-h¿Øn®p sNm√p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. º r «p¶©n dr G »n Hu Qn ¿n ÉnëÑr °o S (Fs‚ c£n-Xmhv alm\pw ]cn-ip-≤-\p-am-sW∂p Rm≥ kΩ-Xn®p ]d-bp-Ibpw, Rm≥ Ahs\ kvXpXn-°bpw sNøp∂p) F∂mWv AhnsS sh®p Ah≥ ]d-bp-∂-Xv. CXv hfsc A¿∞-h-Ømb Hcp kvtXm{X-h-N-\-amWv. "imco-cn-Ihpw am\-kn-I-hp-amb Fs‚ hf¿®-°m-h-iy-amb k¿Δku-I-cy-ßfpw sNbvXp X∂p Fs∂ ]cn-]m-en-°p∂ Hcp c£n-Xmhv F\n-°p≠v; Ah≥ \m\m-hn[ al-Xz-ßfpw XnI-™-h-\mWv; F\n°p ]e Ip‰-ßfpw IpdhpIfp-ap≠v; F∂m¬ alm-\mb Fs‚ c£n-Xmhn\p bmsXmcp hn[Ønepap≈ Ipd-hpw, hogvN-bp-an√; CXp ]q¿Æt_m-[-tØmSp IqSn Rm≥ kΩ-Xn®p ]dbp-∂p.' CXmWv CXns‚ n ªp Mn ør ªn dp ¬o ∏s dG ™n ªp °n S (A-√m-lp-hns\ kvXpXn-®-hs‚ A¿∞w. A\-¥cw √o ~ kvXpXn Ah≥ kzoI-cn-°-s´) F∂p ]d™p sIm≠p Ah≥ Xe Db¿Øn \nh¿∂p \nev°p-∂p. ]n∂oSv Xm≥ am{X-a-√, temIw \nd-sbbp≈ k¿Δ-km-[-\-ß-fpw Ahs\ kvXpXn-°p-∂p-sh∂p kqNn-∏n-®psIm≠v Ah≥ ]d-bp∂p: ¢ p VrQ’Cn Gr ÉCn ∏r ep hn ä p Gnƒªn °s ùdG ÉCn ∏r ep ~o ªr ë n dr G ∂ n dn ÉnæHs Qn (R-ßfpsS c£n-Xm-sh) BIm-i`qanIƒ \nd-sb-bp≈ kvXpXn \n\-°m-Ip∂p. AXm-b-Xv, temIhpw AXn-ep≈ k¿Δ-kzhpw \o krjvSn-®-Xm-Wv. C{X at\m-l-c-amb hn[-Øn¬ Chsb krjvSn®p ]cn-]m-en-°p-∂Xp sIm≠v temIw \nd-sb-bp≈ k¿Δ km[-\-ßfpw \ns‚ \masØ Io¿Ø\w sNøp∂p F∂¿∞w.

73

]n.-ap-l-ΩZv Ip´-t»cn

temIw apgp-h\pw A√m-lp-hns‚ \masØ Io¿Ø\w sNøp-∂psh∂pw A{X-I≠v al-Xzhpw HuZm-cy-hp-ap-≈-h-\mWv Ah-s\∂pw Hm¿Ω hcp-tºmƒ Ahs‚ t\tc-bp≈ `‡n \a-kvI-cn-°p-∂-hs‚ lrZ-b-Ønhgn-s™m-gp-Ip-hm≥ XpS-ßp-∂p. At∏m-gmWv hn\-b-Øn-s‚bpw _lpam-\-Øn-s‚bpw AtßA‰w {]Z¿in-∏n-°-Ø-°-hÆw Xs‚ icocmh-bß-fn¬ G‰hpw BZ-c-Wo-b-amb apJsØ \ne-Øp-sh®p A√m-lp-hnt\m-Sp≈ _lp-am\w {]I-Sn-∏n-°-W-sa∂p Ah≥ B{K-ln-°p-∂-Xv. Aßn-s\ rônÑrcnG o¬s∏dnG (A-√mlp G‰hpw alm≥) F∂p sNm√n-s°m≠p Ah≥ kmjvSmwKw sNøp-∂p. CXn-ep-]-cn-bmbn Hcp a\p-jy\v Xs‚ `‡n-_-lp-am-\-߃ {]I-Sn-∏n-°pI km≤ya√-s√m. B Ah-k-c-ØnAh≥ ]d-bp∂ hm°pw B ÿnXn-°-\p-tbm-Py-am-bn-´p-≈Xp Xs∂-bmWv. ≈n∏Y r ’Cn Gr »n Hu Qn ¿n ÉnëÑr °o S (Fs‚ c£n-Xmhv G‰hpw D∂-X\pw ]cn-ip-≤-\pam-sW∂p Rm≥ kΩ-Xn®p ]d-bp-Ibpw Rm≥ Ahs\ kvXpXn-°pIbpw sNøp-∂p). F∂mWv At∏mƒ Ah≥ ]d-bp-∂-Xv. A\-¥cw rônÑrcnG

o¬s∏dnG

(A-√mlp G‰hpw alm≥) F∂p sNm√n-s°m≠v Xe Db¿Øn, Xm≥ Cßn-s\-sb√mw hn\b _lp-am-\-߃ {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂Xp sIm≠v Xt∂mSp I\n-hp-≠m-tI-Wta F∂ A¿∞-Øn¬ ssZh k∂n-[n-bnAh≥ Cßns\ {]m¿∞n-°p-∂p.

»pæap ÉnYhn »pf~p gr Gnh »pæbr Ro Qr Gnh »pæ©r an Qr Gnh »pfôr Ño Lr Gnh »pæªr Mn Qr Gnh »pdôr Øp Zr G »uHQn (c-£n-Xmth! \o Fs‚ ]m]-߃ s]mdpØp Xcn-Ibpw Ft∂mSp Zb-Im-Wn-°p-Ibpw sNtø-Wta! F\n-°p≈ t]mcm-bva-Ifpw hogvN-Ifpw \nI-Øn-Ø-cn-I-bpw, Fs∂ D∂-X-amb ]Z-hn-bn¬ FØn®p Xcn-Ibpw sNtø- W sa! F\n°p \o D]- P o- h - \ - a m¿§w D≠m- ° n- Ø - c n- I - b pw, k∑m¿§w ImWn®p Xcn-I-bpw. kuJyw \¬IpIbpw sNtø-Wta!) Xs‚ ico-cm-h-b-h-ß-fn¬ sh®p G‰hpw DØ-a-amb apJw \ne-Øp sh®p `‡n-bp-Sbpw hn\-b-Øn-s‚bpw AtßA‰w ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bnka¿∏n-®-Xn¬ X\n-°p-bm-sXmcp aSp∏pw tXm∂p-∂n-s√∂pw Xs‚ lrZbm-¥¿`m-K-Øp-\n∂v hgn-s™m-gp-Ip∂ `‡n-bmWv Xm≥ {]I-Sn-∏n-°p∂-sX-∂pw, AXp Hcn-°¬IqSn Bh¿Øn-°p-hm≥ Xm≥ B{K-ln-°p∂p-sh-∂pw, CXn-ep-]-cn-bmbhn[-Øn¬ hn\-b-_-lp-am-\߃ {]I-Sn-∏n°pI X\n°p km≤y-a-s√-∂p-ap≈ A¿∞-Øn¬, rônÑrcnG o¬s∏dnG (A-√mlp G‰hpw alm≥) F∂p sNm√n-s°m≠p ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn¬ Ah≥ ho≠pw kmjvSmwKw sNøp-∂p. apºp sNm√n-bn-cp∂ AtX kvtXm{X-hN\w Xs∂-bmWv Ah≥ Ct∏mgpw Bh¿Øn-°p-∂Xv. a\pjykm-≤y74

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auem\m A_p- -_mlv AlvaZv Aen

amb hn[-Øn-se√mw Xs‚ `‡n-_-lp-am-\-߬ Ah≥ {]ISn∏n®p Ign™p. C\n AXns\ Bh¿Øn-°p-I-b-√msX Ah\p bmsXm∂pw km≤ya-√, AXp-sIm≠p Ah≥ ho≠pw Fgp-t\‰p \n∂v apºp sNbvXn-´p≈ {]hr-Øn-Iƒ Hmtcm∂pw Bh¿Øn°phm≥ XpS-ßp-∂p. Aßn-s\-bmWv "dIv-A-Øp'-Iƒ H∂n-e-[nIw D≠m-Ip-∂-Xv. a\p-jys‚ lrZ-b-Øn\p Htc hnjb-Øn¬, AXp F{X-Xs∂ Kuch-ta-dn-btXm B\-μ-I-ctam Bbmepw icn, A[n-I-t\cw ASßn-\nev°pI km≤y-a-√. AXns‚ B kz`m-hØn\p hncp-≤-ambn Htc hnjb-Øn¬ Zo¿L-t\cw AXns\ ]nSn-®p-\n¿Øp-hm≥ \mw {ian-®m\ΩpsS \nb-{¥-W-Øn-∂-[o-\-s∏-SmsX AXp NmSn-t∏m-bn-°-f-bp∂XpamWv. AXp-sIm-≠mWv \a-kvIm-c-Øn¬ ssZh-kvtXm-{X-ßfpw {]m¿∞\-Ifpw CS-°nsS am‰n-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. ico-c-Øns‚ ÿnXnbpw CXpX-s∂-bm-Wv. Htc tPmen-bn¬ A[n-I-t\cw Ccp-∂m¬ AXn\pw Dt∑-j°p-dhp hcn-Ibpw Ah-km\w B Dt∑j°p-dhv a\- n-s\-°qSn _m[n°pIbpw sNøp-∂-Xm-Wv. \nh¿∂p \nev°p-I, Ip\n™p \nev°pI, Ccn°p-I, Fgp-t∂-ev°p-I, kmjvSmwKw sNøpI F∂n-ß-s\-bp≈ ÿnXnhy-Xym-k-߃ hcp-Øn-bn-´p-≈-Xn¬ Hfn-™p-In-S-°p∂ Hcp {][m\ clkyw CXm-Ip-∂p. temI-Øn-ep≈ \m\m-a-X-ÿ¿ Ccp-∂pw, \n∂pw, kmjvSmwKw sNbvXpw, Ip\n™p \n∂pw ssZhsØ Bcm-[n-°p-∂-Xmbn \mw ImWp- ∂ p- ≠ v . B k{º- Z m- b - ß - s f√mw C…m- a nI \a- k v I mcw Dƒs°m-≈p-∂p. AXn\p ]pdsa Ah-sc√mw \S-Øp-∂-Xp-t]m-sebm AYhm AXn-s\-°mƒ DØ-a-amb hn[-Øntem D≈ [ym\-ßfpw AXne-S-ßn-bn-´p-≠v. \a-kvImcw, A√m-lp-hns‚ amlm-flysØ ASn-ÿm-\am°n sNøp∂ Nne {InbIfpw hm°p-I-fp-am-Wv. AXp-sIm-≠mWv rônÑrcnG o¬s∏dnG (A-√mlp G‰hpw alm≥) AXnse Ne-\-߃°n-S-bnF∂p Bh¿Øn®p sIm≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Aßns\ Ah-km\w \a-kvI-cn-°p-∂-h≥ hn\-b-]q¿Δw Ccp∂p ssZh-k-∂n-[nsb Cßns\ A`n-hmZyw sNøp-∂p. ¬s∏dp ä o ÉnÑ«u £s dG ä o Gnƒ∏n °s üdG ä o ÉncQn ÉnѪo dr G ä o És«ë p às dnG (F√m A`n-hm-Zy-ßfpw, A\pKr-lo-X-ßfmb F√m hkvXp-°fpw, F√m {]m¿∞-\-I-fpw, ]cn-ip≤ßfmb F√m Bcm[\Ifpw A√m-lp-hn\p am{X-ap-≈-Xm-Ip-∂p) AXm-bXv, Cu {]]-©sØ C{X A¤p-X-I-c-amw-hÆw krjvSn®p ]cn-]m-en°p∂ A√mlp krjvSn-Pm-e-ß-fp-sS-sb√mw \m\m-hn-[-ß-fmb A`n-hmZy-߃ kzoI-cn-°p-hm≥ Ah-Im-i-s∏-´-h-\m-sW-∂pw, A\p-Kr-lo-X-ßfmb k¿Δhkv X p- ° - f p- t Sbpw DS- a - ÿ ≥ Ah- \ m- s W- ∂ pw, k¿Δ k¬I¿Ω-ßfpw {]m¿∞-\-Ifpw Ah-\m-bn-´mWv \S-tØ-≠-sX∂pw 75

]n.-ap-l-ΩZv Ip´-t»cn

kmcw. CXp ]d-bp-tºmƒ CØcw almkn≤m-¥-ß-fn-te°p Xs∂ hgnIm-Wn® apl-ΩZv \_n (k)sb IrX-⁄-Xm-]q¿Δw Ah≥ kvacn-°pI-bpw, At±-l-Øn\p Ah≥ awK-fhpw im¥nbpw t\cp-Ibpw sNøp∂p. o¬oJÉncnônHnh p¬s∏dG oánªrMnQnh t»pÑsædG Én¡tjnG n∂r«n∏nY oΩnÓs°ùdnG (\-_n-tb, Atßbv°v A√mlphn¶¬ \n∂p≈ c£bpw, Imcp-Wy-hpw, A\p-{K-lhpw e`n-°s´). A\-¥-cw, kZvhr-Ø-cmbn Pohn-°p∂ apkvenw ktlm-Z-c-∑m-cp-sSbpw Xs‚bpw c£°pw kam- [ m- \ - Ø n- \ p- a mbn Ah≥ {]m¿∞n- ° p- ∂ p. ør `«pëdp És°üdG ¬p ∏s dG Op ÉnÑYp ≈n∏Yn hn Énæ«r ∏n Yn Ωo Ó n °s ùdnG A√m-lp-hn-¶¬ \n∂p≈ c£bpw kam-[m-\hpw R߃°pw a‰p k÷-\-߃°pw e`n-°s´) GI-ssZ-hm-cm-[-\m-t_m-[-tØmSp IqSn-bmWs√m Ah≥ \a-kvImcw Bcw-`n-®n-´p-≈-Xv. AXn-\m¬ Xs‚ \a-kvImcw Ah-km-\n-∏n-°p∂ L´Ønepw B t_m[w X\n-°p≈Xmbn Ah≥ Bh¿Øn-°p∂p: o¬s∏dG s’pG

n¬ndpG n’ r¿nG o~n¡r°TnG

A√m-lp-h-√msX Bcm-[y-\mbn a‰m-cp-an-s√∂p Rm≥ km£ys∏Sp-Øp-∂p.) Chn-sS, "A√mlp A√msX Bcm-[y-\mbn a‰mcpans√'∂p X\n°p t_m[-ap-≈-Xmbn Ah≥ {]Jym-]n-°p-tºmƒ, {]hrØn-sIm≠v IqSn AXv ImWn-°p-hm-\mbn Ah≥ ssIhn-c¬ Nq≠p-∂p.

A\-¥cw X\n°p B t_m[ap-≠m°nØ∂ apl-ΩZv \_n-sb-t∏mepw Hcp ssZh-Zq-X-\m-bn-´-√m-sX, ssZh-ambn kzoI-cn-®n-´n-s√∂p kqNn-∏n®p sIm≠v Ah≥ ]d-bp∂p: p¬s∏dG o∫ƒo°SsQ Gk~sªnëoe s¿nG o~n¡r°TnGnh (ap-l-ΩZv \_n A√m-lp-hns‚ ZqX-\m-sW∂p Rm≥ km£y-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p) XpS¿∂psIm≠v \_n-bp-tSbpw A\p-bm-bn-I-fp-tSbpw \∑-°mbn Ah≥ {]m¿∞n°p-∂p.

p∫BG ≈n∏nYnh nº«pgGnôrHpG ≈n∏nY nâr«s∏n°U Énªnc m~sªnëoe p∫BG ≈n∏nYnh m~sªnëoe ≈n∏nY uπn°U sºo¡s∏dnG ≈n∏nYnh nº«pgGnôrHpG ≈n∏nY nârcnQÉnH Énªnc m~sªnëoe p∫BG ≈n∏nYnh m~sªnëoe ≈n∏nY r∑pQÉnHnh nº«pgGnôrHpG .l~«péen ~l «pªMn ∂ n fs Gp øn `«pªdn Én©dr G »pa ºn «pgGnôHr Gp ∫p BG (A-√m-lpsh! C{_m-lnw-\-_n-tbmSpw At±-l-Øns‚ A\p-bm-bn-ItfmSpw \o IcpW ImWn-®Xp t]mse-Xs∂ apl-ΩZv \_n (k) tbmSpw A\p-bm-bn-I-tfmSpw \o IcpW ImWn-t°-Wta! a\pjy-k-ap-Zm-b-Ønsh®p C{_m-lnw-\-_n-tbbpw A\p-bm-bn-I-tfbpw \o {]tXy-I-ambn A\p{K-ln-®Xp t]mse Xs∂, apl-ΩZv \_n (k) tbbpw A\p-bm-bn-Isfbpw \o A\p-{K-ln-t°-Wsa! Xo¿®-bmbpw \o kvXpXy¿l\pw alm76

t\Xr-kvarXn

auem\m A_p- -_mlv AlvaZv Aen

\p-am-Ip-∂p) AXm-bXv C{_mlnw \_n-bpsS BZ¿i-߃°pw, AX\p-k-cn®v \S-°p-∂-h¿°pw temIØv hf-cp-hm≥ \o kuIcyw sNbvXp sImSp-ØXp t]mse-Xs∂ apl-ΩZv \_n (k) sIm≠p h∂n-´p≈ AXnhn-in-jvS-amb B Pohn-X-kn-≤m-¥-߃°pw, AX-\p-k-cn®v Pohn-°p-∂h¿°pw \o hfcp-hm≥ kuIcyw sNbvXp sImSp-t°Wta F∂¿∞w.

AXn-\p-tijw Xs‚ ]°¬ \n∂p Adnt™m Adn-bm-sXtbm h∂pt]m-bn-´p≈ \m\m-hn[w sX‰p-Iƒ s]mdp-Øp-sIm-Sp-°p-hm-\mbn A√mlp-hn-t\mSp Ah≥ At]£n-°p-∂p.

Ct∏mƒ Ah≥ ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn¬ sh®p≈ kw`mjWw Ign™p temIcw-K-tØ°p aS-ßp-hm≥ t]mIbmWv. ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn¬ sh®p Ah≥ sNbvXn-´p≈ {]Xn-⁄-Isf sX‰n-°p-hm-\mbn \ne-sIm-≈p∂ Nne ss]im-Nn-I-i-‡n-Isf temI-cw-KØp X\n-°-`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-t°-≠nh-cp-sa∂p Ah\p \√ t_m[-ap-≠v. AXp-sIm≠v Ah-bn¬ \n∂pw a‰pap≈ D]-{Z-h-߃ X-S™p Xs∂ c£n-°p-hm-\mbn Ah≥ A√mlp-hn-t\mSp {]m¿∞n-°p-∂p.

n Mr Qn hn ºr μo «r ∏n Yn Ωo Ó n °s ùdnG (\n-߃°v A√m-lp-hn-¶¬ \n∂p≈ A\¥cw ¬p ∏s dG áo ª kam-[m-\hpw A\p-{K-lhpw e`n-°-s´) F∂p CShpw hehpw Xncn™p `qan-bpsS c≠¿≤-`m-K-ß-fpsS t\sc t\m°n, temI-Øn\p awK-fhpw im¥nbpw t\¿∂p-sIm≠v Ah≥ ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn¬ \n∂p ]pd-Øp-h∂p. temI-hy-h-lm-c-Øn¬ ho≠pw {]th-in-°p-∂p. \a-kvIm-c-Øns‚ Dt±iyw tase-gp-Xnb hnh-c-Wßfn¬ \n∂p a\pjy\p ssZh-kva-c-Wbpw IrXy-t_m-[hpw Df-hm°n k∑m¿K-Øn¬ \n∂p hyXn-N-en-°msX Ahs\ XS™p \ndp-Øp-I-bmWv \a-kvIm-c-Øns‚ Dt±-i-sa∂v hy‡am-b-s√m. CXp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂-bm-Wv.

ôp μn ær ªo dr Gnh Ap Én°ûrëØn dr G øp Yn ≈n¡ær Jn In ƒn∏°s üdG ¿s Gp ""-\-a-kvImcw Xo¿®-bmbpw \oN-IrXy-ß-sfbpw \njn-≤-I¿Ω-ß-sfbpw XS-bp-∂-Xm-sW''∂p Jp¿-B≥ {]Jym-]n-®n-´p-≈-Xv. ]s£ ta¬]-d™ hn[-Øn-ep≈ t_m[-tØmSp IqSn \a-kvImcw \n¿Δ-ln-°p-∂-h¿°p am{Xsa B ^ew kn≤n-°p-Ibp-≈p. XXz߃ {Kln-°m-sXbpw lrZ-b-km-∂n-≤y-an-√m-sXbpw \SØp∂ \a-kvImcw sIm≠p CØcw KpWßsfm∂pw Xs∂ e`n°pIbn-√. am{X-a-√, AØcw \a-kvIm-c-°m¿°v \∑°v ]Icw \mi-amWp≠mbn-ØocpI F∂p-IqSn Jp¿-B≥ Xm°oXp sNbvXn-´p-≠v. ""XßfpsS \a-kvImcsØ-°p-dn®v A{i≤cmbn-cn-°p-Ibpw a‰p-≈-hsc ImWn-°phm-\mbn \a-kvI-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ \a-kvIm-c-°m¿°mWv `b-¶c77

]n.-ap-l-ΩZv Ip´-t»cn

\miw.'' F∂p Jp¿B≥ D¬t_m-[n-∏n-°p-∂p. ""`b-`-‡n-tbm-Sp-IqSn \akvI-cn-°p∂ kXy-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ Xo¿®-bmbpw hnPbw {]m]n-®n-cn-°p-∂p.''

F∂mWv as‰mcp ÿeØp Jp¿-B≥ Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°p-∂-Xv. \a-kvIm-c-Øns‚ B¥-c-X-Xz-߃°-√, AXns‚ _mly-N-SßpIƒ°mWv \mw C∂p {]m[m\yw Iev]n-°p-∂-Xv. AXp-sIm-≠mWv \akvIm-c-Øns‚ B¥-cm¿∞߃ \ΩpsS Pohn-X-Øn¬ {]Xn-^en®p ImWm- X n- c n- ° p- ∂ - X pw. \mw \a- k v I mcØn¬ {]th- i n- ° p- t ºm- g p≈ \ΩpsS a\-ÿn-Xn°p \a-kvIm-c-Øn¬ \n∂p hnc-an®p Ign-bp-tºmƒ h√ ]cn-h¿Ø-\hpw h∂p-I-gn™n-´pt≠m F∂p \mw kq£va-ambn ]cntim-[n-t°-≠Xm-Ip-∂p. \ΩpsS lrZ-b-Øn\p ssZh-kva-c-Wbpw IrXy-t_m-[hpw h∂p Ign™n-´p-s≠-¶n¬ \ΩpsS \a-kvImcw k^-e-am-sb∂p \ap-°-\p-am-\n-°mw.

AX-√, \ΩpsS lrZbw ]gb ÿnXnbn¬Øs∂ \ne-sIm-≈p-I-bmWv sNøp-∂-sX-¶n¬, \ΩpsS tZl-ip-≤nbpw hkv{X-[m-c-W-hp-sa√mw F{XXs∂ icn-bm-bn-´p-s≠-¶n¬ IqSn, \ΩpsS \a-kvImcw AXns‚ Dt±iysØ kw_-‘n-t®-S-tØmfw k^-e-am-bn-´n-s√∂p \mw [cn-®n-cn-t°≠-Xm-Ip-∂p. ssZham¿§-Øn¬ arK-ßsf _en-I-gn-°p-∂-h-tcmSv A√mlp Iev]n-°p-∂-Xv, ""Ah-bpsS amwkhpw c‡hpw ssZh-Øn-¶-se-Øp-I-bn√, \nß-fpsS lrZ-b-Øn-ep≈ IrXy-t_m[w am{Xsa Ahs‚ ASp°¬ FØp-I-bp≈p'' F∂m-Ip-∂p. BNm-c-hnjbßfnse _mly-amb NS-ßp-Iƒ°-√, Ah-bpsS B¥-c-X-Xz-߃°mWv {]m[m\yw Iev]nt°-≠sX∂p Cu hmIyw aqew A√mlp \sΩ Hm¿Ω-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

AXp-sIm≠v \a-kvIm-c-Ønse "ZnIvdp' Ifp-sS-bpw, {]m¿∞-\-I-fp-sSbpw A¿∞-߃ a\- n-cpØn Btem-Nn-®p-sIm≠p \mw \a-kvI-cn-t°-≠Xm-Ip-∂p. At∏mƒ am{Xta \a-kvImcw sIm≠p≈ bYm¿∞ ^ew \ap°p kn≤n-°p-I-bp-≈q.

Cu Ah-k-c-Øn¬ Hcp {][m\ kwKXn ap…nw-I-fpsS {i≤-bnsIm≠p-h-cp-hm≥ R߃ B{K-ln-°p-∂p. ap…nw Ip´n-Iƒ°v \m\m-hn[ hnZy-Iƒ \mw A`y-kn-∏n-°p-∂p. AXn-\mbn \mw ]e _p≤n-ap-´p-Ifpw A\p-`-hn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. aX-hn-j-b-ßfpw Ipsd-sb√mw \mw Ahsc A`y-kn-∏n-°p-∂p-≠v. F∂m¬ AXn-{]-[m-\-amb \a-kvIm-c-Øns‚ B¥cm¿∞-ßsfm AXn¬ sNm√p∂ "ZnIvdp' Ifp-sSbpw "{]m¿∞-\-I-fp-sSbpw A¿∞-ßsfm \mw Ahsc ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂n√. CXv `oa-amb Hcp sX‰p Xs∂-bm-sW∂p kΩ-Xn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-hm≥ bmXcp \nhr-Øn-bp-an-√. \akvIm-c-Øn¬ sNm√p∂ "ZnIvdp' Ifpw a‰pw ]Tn-∏n-°p∂ AtX Ah-kcØn¬ Xs∂ Ah-bpsS A¿∞-߃ IqSn \mw Ah¿°p ]Tn-∏n-°phm≥ {ian-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ AXp \njv{]-bmkw km≤y-am-Ip-∂-Xm-Wv. 78

t\Xr-kvarXn

auem\m A_p- -_mlv AlvaZv Aen

CXv taen-se-¶nepw c£n-Xm-°ƒ {i≤n-°p-sa∂p R߃ hniz-kn-°p∂p. lrZ-b-km-∂n-≤y-an-√msX \S-Øp∂ \a-kvImcw ^e-iq-\y-am-sW∂p H´-[nIw Jp¿-B≥ hmIy-ßfpw \_n-h-N-\-ß-fpw Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°p-∂p≠v. ""G‰hpw Zpjn® tamjWw \S-Øp∂Xv \a-kvImcw tamjvSn-°p-∂h-\m-sW''∂p \_n (k) Hcn-°¬ ]d-bp-I-bp-≠m-bn. CXp tI´-t∏mƒ ""\a-kvIm-csØ tamjvSn-°p-∂-sX-ßn-s\-bm-sW''∂p klm-_n-Iƒ tNmZn®p. ""kpPpZpw dpIDw apd-{]-Imcw \n¿Δ-ln-°m-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xp-sIm≠p Xs∂'' F∂mWv \_n (k) AXn\p adp-]Sn ]d-™-Xv. ""\a-kvI-cn-°p∂-h≥ A√m-lp-hp-ambn kw`m-jWw sNbvI-bmWv sNøp-∂Xv; AXpsIm≠p Xm≥ A√m-lp-hp-ambn kw`m-jWw sNøp-∂-sX-¥m-sW∂p Ah≥ Hm¿Ωn-°s´'' F∂p as‰mcp lZo-kn¬ \_n (k)D]-tZ-in-®n-´p≠v. Dd°w h∂m¬ Ddßn Fgp-t∂-‰-Xn\p tijw am{Xsa \a-kvI-cn°mhp F∂pw, Cs√-¶n¬ a\- -dn-bmsX B Ah-k-c-Øn¬ \S-Øp∂ {]m¿∞\ Xt∂m-Sp≈ iIm-c-ambn amdn-t∏m-Im≥ CS-bp-s≠∂pw as‰mcp lZo- k n¬ \_n (k) D]- t Z- i n- ® n- c n- ° p- ∂ p. C{]- I mcw Xs∂ hni∏p≈t∏mƒ, `£Ww Xøm-dm-bn-cn-°p-∂ps≠¶n¬, AXp Ign-®n-´-√msX \a-kvI-cn-°-cp-sX∂pw \_n D]-tZ-in-®n-´p-≠v. CtX {]Imcw Xs∂ aeaq-{X-hn-k¿÷\w \n¿Δ-ln-t°≠ Bh-iy-ap-≠m-Ip-tºmgpw AXp \n¿Δln-®n-´-√msX \a-kvI-cn-°-cp-sX∂p \_n Iev]n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. lrZ-b-km∂n≤yw e`n-°p-hm≥ {]bm-k-ap≈ kμ¿`-ß-fm-b-Xp-sIm-≠mWv Cu Ahk-c-ß-fn-se√mw \a-kvImcw hntcm-[n-®n-´p≈Xv. CXp \mw \√-t]mse Hm¿t°-≠-Xm-Ip-∂p. \a-kvIm-c-Øns‚ Dt±-i-sØ-∏‰n A√mlp ]dbpr òp dp In ƒn∏°s üdG ºp bp Gn ""Fs∂ Hm¿Ωn-°p-hm-\mbn \o \a-kvImcw apd∂-Xv …pôc {]-Imcw A\p-jvTn-°pI'' F∂m-Ip-∂p. aXm-Nm-c-ß-fpsS B¥-cm¿∞-߃ {Kln-®n-´n-√mØ Nn¥m-iq-\y-cmb Nne Bfp-Iƒ \a-kvImcw apX-emb BNm-c-ßsf Xosc sX‰n-≤-cn-®n-cn°p-∂p. ""ssZhw kvXpXn-{]n-b\pw hgn-]m-Sp-tam-lnbpw'' Bb-Xp-sIm-≠mWv CØcw BNm-c-߃ \S-Øp-hm≥ \njvI¿jn-®n-´p-≈-sX-∂mWv Ah¿ [cn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. hmkvXhw t\sc adn-®m-Ip-∂p. a\p-jy¿ ssZhm-cm-[\ \S-Øn-b-Xp-sIm-≠v ssZh-Øn\p bmsXmcp ]pWyhpw e`n-°p-hm-\n√; t\sc-a-dn®p a\p-jy¿°p am{X-amWv AXp-sIm≠p KpWw kn≤n-°p-∂Xv. ""k¿Δ-kvXp-Xnbpw k¿Δ temI-c-£n-Xm-hmb A√m-lp-hn-∂m-Ip∂p'' F∂p ]d-bp-tºm¬ temIsØ ]cn-]m-en-°bpw ip{iq-jn-°bpw sNtø≠Xpw, D]-Imcw sNbvX-h-tcmSp \μn ImWn-t°-≠Xpw Xs‚ apdbmsW∂p \a-kvI-cn-°p∂ a\pjy\p t_m[yw hcp-∂-Xm-Wv. A√mlp ""IcpWm-\n-[nbpw ImcpWn-I-\p-amsW'' ∂p ]d-bp-tºmƒ krjv-Sn-I-tfmSp Icp79

]n.-ap-l-ΩZv Ip´-t»cn

WtbmSp IqSn s]cp-am-td-≠Xv Xs‚ IS-a-bm-sW∂v Ah\p t_m[yw hcp-∂-Xm-Wv. A√mlp ""{]Xn-^ew sImSp-°p∂ Znh-k-Øns‚ DS-a-ÿ\msW''∂p ]d-bp-tºmƒ a\p-jy\p Xs‚ {]hr-Øn-I-fp-sS-sb√mw KpWtZm-j-߃ Hcn-°¬ A\p-`-hn-t°-≠Xmbn hcp-sa∂pw AXp-sIm≠v Xm≥ Ft∏mgpw sX‰p h∂p t]mIp-∂Xp kq£n-®n-cn-t°-≠-Xm-sW∂pw Ah\p t_m[w D≠m-Ip-∂p. ""\ns‚ apºn¬ am{Xsa R߃ ASn-a-Xz`m- h - Ø n¬ s]cp- a m- d p- I - b p≈p'' F∂v Hcp Znhkw 17 {]mhiyw Bh¿Øn®p ]d-bp-tºmƒ a‰p-≈-h-cpsS apºn¬ ASnaXz-`m-h-Øn¬ s]cpam-dp-hm≥ ]mSn-s√∂pw AXp sX‰m-sW∂pw \a-kvI-cn-°p∂ a\pjy\p Hm¿Ω hcp-∂-Xm-Wv. ""\nt∂mSp am{Xsa R߃ klm-b-Øn-\-t]-£n°p-∂p≈p'' F∂v Hcp Znhkw H∂n-e-[nIw {]mhiyw Bh¿Øn®p ]dbp-tºmƒ, ]cm-{i-b-ioew A\m-im-ky-am-sW∂p Ah\p t_m[w hcnIbpw ss[cyw h¿≤n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xm-Wv. \o Rßsf t\¿am¿§Øn- t e°v hgn ImWn- t °- W ta'' F∂p {]m¿∞n- ° p- t ºmƒ, Xs‚ PohnXw hgn]ng®p t]mIm-Xn-cn-t°-≠X - n-∂m-hi - y-amb hnZym-`ymkw t\tS≠Xv Xs‚ apd-bm-sW∂p Ah\p t_m[w hcp-∂-Xm-Wv. ""\o A\p-{Kln®hcpsS am¿§-Øn-te-°v, hgn-]n-g-®-h-cp-tSbpw tIm]-Øn\p ]m{Xo-`hn-®-h-cp-tSbpw am¿§-Øn-te-°√'' F∂p ]dbp-tºmƒ Zp¿hr-Øcpw aqV∑mcpw \S-°p∂ hgn-bn-e-√, alm-∑m¿ \S-∂n-´p≈ hgn-bn-emWv Xm≥ \S-t°-≠-sX∂p Ah\v t_m[w hcp-∂-Xm-Wv. ""R߃ klm-b-Øn-\t]£n- ° p∂p; Rßsf t\¿am¿§- Ø n- t e°v hgn ImWn- t °- W ta; R߃°p-w a‰p k÷-\-߃°pw c£bp-≠m-hs´!'' F∂n-ßs\ _lph-N\ cq]-Øn¬ {]m¿∞n-°p-tºmƒ a\p-jy≥ Hcn-°epw kzm¿∞n-bmbn-cn-°-cp-sX-∂pw, Ah\p Ft∏mgpw Xs‚ ktlm-Z-c-ß-fpsS t£a-Øn{i≤bp-≠m-bn-cn-°-W-sa∂pw Ah\p t_m[w hcp-∂p. ""Fs‚ ]m]w s]mdpØp Xcn-Ibpw F\n-°p≈ hogvN-Iƒ ]cn-l-cn®p XcnIbpw Fs∂ D∂-X-amb ]Z-hn-bn¬ FØn-°bpw sNtø-Wsa'' F∂p {]m¿∞n-°ptºmƒ {kjvSm-hn-t\mSpw krjvSnItfmSpw bmsXmcp sX‰pw sNø-cpsX∂pw X\n-°p≈ t]mcm-bva-I-sf√mw \nIØn D∂-X-amb ]Z-hn-bn-seØm≥ {ian-t°-≠-Xm-sW∂pw Ah\p t_m[ap-≠m-bn-Øo-cp-∂p. a‰p "ZnIvdp'-I-fnepw {]m¿∞-\-I-fnepw CØcw Dt±-i-߃ Xs∂-bmWv Hfn™p InS-°p-∂-Xv. CX-√msX Cßn-s\-sb√mw ]d™Xp sIm≠p ssZh-Øn\p bmsXmcp ]pWyhpw ta∑bpw e`n-°p-∂n-√.

\a-kvImcw A©p-t\cw \n›-bn-®Xv \a-kvImcw Hcp-Zn-hkw H∂n-e-[nIw ka-b-ß-fn¬ \n›-bn-®-Xnepw am\-kn-I-ambpw imco-cn-I-ambpw a‰pw ]e cl-ky-ßfpw AS-ßn-bn-´p≠v. `£-W-]m-\o-b-߃ aqew ico-c-Øn\p t]mj-Whpw hf¿®bpw 80

t\Xr-kvarXn

auem\m A_p- -_mlv AlvaZv Aen

e`n-°p-∂-Xp-t]m-se-Xs∂ [ym\-ßfpw Nn¥-Ifpw aqew Bflm-hn\p hf¿®bpw hnIm-khpw e`n-°p-∂p-s≠-∂p-≈Xv F√m-hcpw kΩ-Xn-®n-´p≈- X m- W v . ico- c - Ø ns‚ hf¿®- ° mbn \mw H∂n- e - [ nIw {]mhiyw `£Ww Ign-°p-∂p. AXp-sIm≠v am\-knI hf¿®°v th≠nbpw \mw CS-°nsS [ym\n-°p-Ibpw Nn¥n-°p-Ibpw sNtø-≠-Xm-h-iy-am-Ip-∂p. \akvImcw G‰hpw DØ-a-amb [ym\-ß-sfbpw Nn¥-I-sfbpw Dƒs°m-≈p∂-Xm-sW-∂p-≈Xv CXn\p apºv \mw {Kln®p Ign-™n-´p-≈-XmWt√m.

AXp-sIm≠v Hcp Znhkw H∂n-e-[nIw {]mhiyw AXp \S-Ø-W-sa∂v aXw Iev]n-®p. imco-cn-I-ambn t\m°p-I-bm-sW-¶nepw H∂n-e-[nIw ka-b-ß-fn¬ \akvImcw \n›-bn-®-Xn¬ ]e cl-ky-ßfpw Hfn™p InS-°p-∂p-≠v. DZml-c-W-am-bn-∏-d-bp∂ ]£w, CS-°nsS \a-kvI-cn-°p-Ibpw At∏m-sg√mw tZlhpw hkv{Xhpw Ah≥ D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ ÿehpw hrØn-bm°n sh°p-Ibpw sNø-W-sa∂v hcp-tºmƒ, apºp ]d-™-Xp-t]mse a\p-jycpsS Btcm-Ky-]-c-amb hf¿®°p AXv AXy-[nIw klm-b-I-c-am-bnØo-cp-sa-∂p-≈Xp Xo¿®-bm-W-s√m. a\p-jy-cpsS CS-bn¬ ipNnXzw \ne\n-dp-tØ-≠-Xn\p CXn-t\-°mƒ DØ-ahpw {]mtbm-Kn-I-hp-amb Hcp ]≤Xn B¿°pw I≠p-]n-Sn-°pI km≤y-a√ Xs∂. Btcm-Ky-]-c-am-bn-Øs∂ a‰p Nne KpW-ßfpw \a-kvImcw aqew a\p-jy\p e`n-°p-∂p-≠v. hgnsb hcp∂ hnh-c-W-ß-fn¬ AXv \ap°v Im¨am≥ Ign-bp-∂-Xm-Wv. C\n \a-kvImcw A©p-t\cw \n›-bn-®-Xn-ep≈ cl-ky-߃ ]cn-tim-[n-°mw. {]`m-Xw, a≤ym-”w, Ak¿ (a-≤ym-”-Øn\pw AkvX-a-\-Øn\pw CSbn-ep≈ GXm≠p a≤y-L´w) AkvX-a-\w, Cim (kq-cy-{]-Im-i-Øns‚ Ah-in-jvSß - s - f√mw Xotc ad™p `qapJw Ccp-´S- b - p∂ ka-bw) Cßns\ A©p t\c-amWv \a-kvIm-cw Iev]n-®n-´p-≈-Xv. kqcys‚ Ne\w aqe-ap≠m-Ip∂ Cu A©p-L-´-߃ Hmtcm Znh-khpw a\p-jy\v Xs‚ PohnX Zi-Isf DZm-l-cn®p ImWn®p sImSp-°p∂pw a\p-jy≥ A⁄m-X-amb GtXm Hcp temI-Øp-\n∂p Cu temIØv Imse-SpØp sh°p-∂p. ]n∂oSv ssii-h-L-´-Øn-eqsS hf¿∂p buΔ-\-Z-isb {]m]n-°p-∂p. B Zi-bn-emWv HmP pw tXP pw ]cn-]q¿Æ-amb hn[-Øn¬ Ah-\nktΩ-fn-°p-∂-Xv. ]n∂oSv AXp thKw \in®p t]mIp-∂n-√. Iptd ImetØ°p AXp \o≠p-\n-ev°p-∂p. AXn-\p-tijw AXp £bn-°p-hm≥ XpS-ßp-∂p. Ah-km-\w, Xm≥ h∂ AtX A⁄m-Xm-h-ÿ-bn-te°p Ah≥ aS-ßp-∂p. CXmWv a\pjy-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ ÿnXn. CtX-{]-Imcw Xs∂ A⁄mX-amb GtXm Hcp temI-Øp-\n∂v kqcy≥ \Ωp-sS-t\sc DZn®p hcp-∂p. A\-¥cw AXp Aev]m-ev]-ambn Db¿∂p ]cn-]q¿Æamb HmP-t mSpw tXP-t mSpw IqSn a≤ym-”-Øn-se-Øp-∂p. ]n∂oSv 81

]n.-ap-l-ΩZv Ip´-t»cn

Iptd t\c-tØ°v tXP- n\v Imcy-amb tIm´-sam∂pw X´msX AXp Pohn-°p-∂p. A\-¥cw Hcp-Xcw a™ \ndw AXns\ _m[n-°p-∂p. Ahkm\w AXv \sΩ A‘-Im-c-Øn¬ hn´v h∂ temI-tØ°p Xs∂ aSßn-t∏m-Ip-∂p. Cßn-s\-bmWv kqcy≥ a\p-jy-Po-hn-XsØ DZm-l-cn-°p∂-Xv. AXp-sIm≠v a\pjy\p Cu 5 L´-ßsf Hm¿Ω-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm-\mbn 5 t\cw \a-kvImcw \n›-bn-®p. a\p-jy≥ buh-\-Z-isb {]m]n-®m¬ Ahs‚ HmP pw tXP pw Iptd- I mew \o≠p- \ n¬°p- ∂ - X m- s W∂pw AXn- \ p- t ijw am{Xta hm¿≤Iyw _m[n-°p-I-bp-≈p-sh∂pw ]d-™p-h-t√m. AXn-\m¬ a\p-jyh-f¿®-bpsS ]cn-]q¿Æ-Zi Ah-km-\n-°m≥ t]mIp∂ L´-Øn¬ G‰°p-d-hp-I-sfm∂pw IqSmsX apºv ImWn® AtX-hn-[-Øn¬ Hcn-°¬IqSn A√m-lp-hn-t\mSp IrX⁄X {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-hm≥ Ah≥ B{K-ln-°p-∂p.

"Ak¿' \a-kvImcw \mep dIv AØv Bhm-\p≈ ImcWw AXm-Wv. a≤ym”w, Ak¿ F∂o ka-b-ß-fn¬ \a-kvImcw \n›-bn-®-Xnas‰mcp clkyw IqSn-bp-≠v. temI-Øn-ep≈ a\pjysc√mw Xß-fpsS tPmen-I-fn-te¿s∏-Sp-∂Xv ]I¬ ka-b-Øm-Wv. AXp-sIm≠v cmhnse apX¬ tPmen-I-fn-te¿s∏-´n-´p≈ Bfp-Iƒ°v ]I-ens‚ a≤y-L´-ØnIpsd t\cw hn{i-an-t°-≠Xv Bh-iy-am-Ip-∂p. Cs√-¶n¬ Ah-cpsS Btcm-Ky-Øn\p lm\n X´p-∂-Xm-Wv. ]£n-ar-Km-Zn-Iƒ t]mepw B Ahk-c-Øn¬ hn{i-an-°p-∂-Xmbn \mw ImWp-∂p-≠v. sXmgn¬ ime-Iƒ, hnZym-e-b-߃ apX-emb ÿm]-\-ßfpw B Ah-k-c-Øn¬ \ndp-Øn-°f-bp-∂-Xmbn \mw ImWp-∂p. AXp-sIm≠p CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ hn{i-a-Øn\p a≤ym” \a-kvImcw aqew Ah-kcw e`n-°p-∂p. D®°v tijw Bcw-`n®n-´p≈ tPmen cmhn-esØt∏mse A{X A[n-I-t\cw \o´n-s°m-≠p-t]mIp-hm≥ a\p-jy\v Ign-I-bn-√. AXp-sIm≠v Aev]-k-a-b-Øn-\p-tijw ho≠pw hn{iaw FSp-°p-hm≥ Ak¿ \a-kvImcw aqew Ah-kcw e`n°p-∂p. hnZym-e-b-߃, sXmgn¬ÿm]\-߃ apX-em-bh Gsd-°psd B ka-bØp ]q´n-°-f-bp-∂-Xmbn \mw ImWp-∂p-≠-s√m.

AkvX-a\ ka-bØv kqcy≥ a\pjy\v Xs‚ hm¿≤-Iy-Øns‚ A¥y-Z-i-sb-bmWv Hm¿Ωn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. AXp-sIm≠v Xm≥ h∂ AtX ÿnXn-bn-te°v Xs∂ aS-ßp-hm≥ t]mIp-I-bm-sW-∂p≈ A¿∞Øn{]`m-X-Øn-se-t∏m-se-Xs∂ c≠v dIv-AØv Ah≥ \a-kvI-cn-°p-∂p.

XpS¿∂p-sIm≠v Xs‚ F√m {]hr-Øn-Ifpw GI-ssZ-h-Øn-emWv Xm≥ A¿∏n-°p-∂-sX-∂pw, Xm≥ GIm-¥-X-bn-te-°mWv aS-ßm≥ t]mIp-∂sX-∂p-ap≈ A¿∞-Øn¬ HSp-hn-embn Hcp H‰ dIv-AØv IqSn Ah≥ \a-kvI-cn-°p-∂p.

Hcp a\p-jys‚ Hcp Znh-ksØ tPmen-I-sf√mw Ign™p `£Ww 82

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Ign®p Ddßm≥ t]mIp-∂Xv "Cim' ka-b-Øm-Wv. Cu Zi a\p-jys‚ Cl-tem-I-Po-hnXw Ah-km-\n-∏n®v ]c-temI Pohn-X-Øn¬ {]th-in-°phm≥ t]mIp∂ L´sØ Hm¿Ωn-∏n-°p-∂p. ]c-tem-I-Po-hnXw a\p-jy-\p -Xosc A]-cn-Nn-X-am-Wv. Ct∏mƒ Ahs‚ I¨ap-ºn-ep≈ `qapJw Ccp-´S™p A‘-Im-c-am-bn-cn-°p-∂Xp t]mse, B temI-Ønse ÿnXn Ahs‚ lrZ-b-Øn\p apºn¬ GXm≠v Ccp´-S-™m-Wn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. AXpsIm≠v Cu L´-Øn¬ B Pohn-X-Ønse c£°pw kpJ-Øn-\p-ambn Xs∂-s°m-≠m-hp-∂{X Bcm-[\ sNøp-∂Xv kzm`m-hn-I-am-Wv. CXn\v ]pdsa Ign™ 4 L´-ß-fn¬ Ah≥ sNbvXn´p≈ {]hr-Øn-Isf H∂mbn-∏-cn-tim-[n-°p∂ Hcp L´-am-Wn-Xv. C°m-c-W-߃ sIm≠v Cu L´Øn¬ 4 dIv AØv \a-kvImcw \n›-bn-®p.

Cu 5 L´-ß-fpsS Bcw-`-Ønepw Ah-km-\-Ønepw \a-kvImcw \n›bn-®-Xn¬ as‰mcp clkyw IqSn-bp-≠v. ssZh-\m-a-Øn-emWv F√m {]hrØn-Ifpw Bcw-`n-°p-Ibpw Ah-km-\n-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNtø-≠sX∂p CXp a\pjy\p Hm¿Ω-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

83

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A\p-_‘w 2

du-k-Øp¬ D-eqw ]q¿-Δ-hn-Zym¿-∞n-I-tfm-Sv H-cp-]-tZ-iw A-_p- -_m-lv A-lv-a-Z-en

du-k-Øn-s‚ k-¥-Xn-I-sf, \n-߃ C-∂p hn-hn-[ ÿ-e-ß-fn¬ hy-Xy-kv-X a-fi-e-ß-fn¬ {]-h¿Øn-°p-I-bm-W-t√m. du-k-Øn¬ \n-ß-sf ]Tn-∏n-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂-t∏mƒ \n-ß-fp-am-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂ B-flo-b _-‘w \n-ß-fp-sS Cu tkm-h-\o¿ aptJ-\ Rm≥ ]p-Xp-°p-I-bm-Wv. \n-߃ C-hn-sS A-©m-dp-sIm-√w Jp¿-B≥, l-Zo-kp ap-X-em-b {]-[m\ hn-j-b-߃ ]Tn-®-Xpw, ]-cn-io-e-\w t\-Sn-b-Xpw Jp¿-B-\pw kp-∂-Øpw (\-_n-N-cy) B-[m-c-am-°n Po-hn-°p-hm-\pw A-h {]-N-cn-∏n-°p-hm-\pw D-t±in-®p-sIm-≠m-W-t√m. hn-hn-[ X-^v-ko-dp-I-fp-sS hym-Jym-\-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn Jp¿-B-\pw, l-Zo-kn-s‚ {]-[m-\ In-Xm-_p-I-fpw, a-‰p C-…m-an-I hn-⁄m\ {K-Ÿ-ß-fpw a-‰pw a-‰pw... \n-߃ B-h¿-Øn-®m-h¿-Øn-®p, hn-kv-X-cn®p, ]Tn-®pw ]-cn-io-en-®pw sIm-≠m-W-t√m C-hn-sS \n-∂p-hn-´p-t]m-b-Xv. apºv \n-߃ C-hn-sS-\n-∂p ]Tn-® \-_n (k:A) s‚ N-cy-I-fn¬ \n-∂p Nne am-Xr-I-Iƒ \n-ß-sf ho-≠pw Hm¿-Ω-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm≥ th-≠n-bm-Wv Rm≥ Cu Ip-dn-s∏-gp-Xp-∂-Xv. Po-hn-I-fn¬ G-‰-hpw t{i-jvT-\m-b a-\p-jy≥ _p-≤n-bn-epw, Nn-¥-bnepw, {]-hr-Øn-bn-epw h-f¿-∂p sIm-t≠ C-cn-°p-I-bm-W-t√m. A-h-s‚ Cu h-f¿-®-bn¬ A-\p-I-c-W-Øn-\p A-Xn-{]-[m-\-am-b H-cp ]-¶p-s≠-∂Xn¬ k-tμ-l-an-√. P-\-\w ap-X¬ A-h≥ `m-jm ssi-en-bn-epw, th-j `qjm-Zn-I-fn-epw, kz-`m-h cq-]o-I-c-W-Øn-epw, {]-h¿-Ø-\ cw-K-ß-fn-epw amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ, Kp-cp-\m-Y-∑m¿ t]m-ep-≈-h-sc-bm-W-s√m A-\p-I-cn-°p-∂Xv. A-\p-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂ B-fp-sS Kp-W-hn-ti-j-߃ A-\p-I-cn-°p-∂-h-cnepw cq-]w sIm-≈pw. a-\p-jy-s\ hn-hn-[ X-c-Øn-ep-≈ C-—-I-fpw B-I¿j-W t{]-c-W-I-fpw h-e-bw sN-bv-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xp-sIm-≠p A-h≥ th-Kw Xn-∑-°p h-iw-h-Z-\m-bn A-km-∑m¿-§n-I h-gn ]n-¥p-S-cp-hm≥ km-≤y-X-bp≈-h-\m-Wv. A-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv A-√m-lp a-\p-jy-hw-i-Øn-s‚ ssi-i-hw ap-X¬ h-f¿-®-bp-sS Hm-tcm L-´-ß-fn-epw A-\p-tbm-Py-am-b D-]-tZ-i-߃ 84

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\¬-In \-∑-bn-te-°p \-bn-°p-hm-\pw Xn-∑-bp-sS hm-k-\-I-fn¬ \n-∂p hnc-an-∏n-°p-hm-\pw \-_n-am-sc (ssZ-h Zq-X-∑m-sc) \n-tbm-Kn-®-b-®p sIm-≠ncp-∂-Xv. A-h¿ \-∑-bp-sS am¿-§-ß-fpw A-\p-I-c-W-Øn-s‚ D-Ø-a am-Xr-II-fpw Im-Wn-®p-sIm-t≠ Xp-S¿-∂p h-∂p. A-h-km-\w a-\p-jy-hw-iw {]mb-]q¿-Øn {]m-]n-®p bu-Δ-\ Z-i-bn¬ Im-ep-Ip-Øn-b-t∏m-gm-Wv, Zn-hy ktμ-i ]-c-º-c-bp-sS k-am-]-\-sa-t∂m-Ww a-\p-jy-cm-in-bp-sS \m-\m hn-t[\-bp-≈ t\-´-߃-°pw, D-b¿-®-°pw, C-l-]-c ku-`m-Ky-Øn-\pw, ]-cn-]q¿Æ hn-⁄m-\-߃-°p-ap-≈ A-Xyp-Ø-a am¿-§-߃ Dƒ-s°m-≈p-∂ H-cp k-ºq¿-Æ kw-ln-X-tbm-sS ap-l-Ω-Zq-\-_n (k:A) \n-tbm-Kn-®-b-°-s∏-´Xv. A-t±-lw hm-Nm I¿-Ω-Wm G-‰-hpw D-Ø-a-am-b am-Xr-I P-\-߃-°v Im-Wn-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. A-Xn-te-°v Nq-≠n-s°m-≠m-Wv ]-cnip-≤ Jp¿-B≥ ]-d-bp-∂-Xv: ""(hn-izm-kn-I-sf, \n-߃ C-l-Øn-epw ]-cØn-epw hn-P-b-hpw ku-`m-Ky-hpw B-{K-ln-°p-∂p-s≠-¶n¬) A-Xn-\v ssZh-Zq-X-s‚ N-cy-bn¬ \n-߃-°v G-‰-hpw D-Ø-a-am-b am-Xr-I-Iƒ D-≠v; Xo¿-®. (A-h-sb ]n≥-]-‰p-I.)'' {In: G-gmw \q-‰m-≠n¬ `q-an-bp-sS G-Xp `m-K-Øpw P-\-߃ hn-hn-[ Xc-Øn-ep-≈ _nw-_m-cm-[-\-I-fn-epw sX-‰m-b hn-izm-km-Nm-c-ß-fp-sS A-‘Im-c-Øn-epw X-∏n-Ø-S-bp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. A-{I-a-ß-fpw A-\m-Nm-c-ß-fpw aX-]-c-am-b I-cn-©-¥-bpw k¿-Δ-{X \-S-am-Sn-bn-cp-∂p. b-lq-Z-tem-Iw hn-hn[ Zp¿-\-S-]-Sn-I-fn¬ ap-gp-In-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ {In-kv-Xo-b-tem-Iw {]-]-© I¿-Øm-hn-\v H-cp ]p-{X≥ ]n-d-∂p-sh-∂v k-¶¬-]n-®p B ssZ-h-]p-{X≥ a\p-jy-cp-sS ap-gp-h≥ ]m-]-ß-fpw G-s‰-Sp-Ø-Xm-bn hn-iz-kn-®pw h-∂n-cp∂p. am-{X-a-√, {In-kv-Xp-hn-s‚ {]-Xn-a-bp-≠m-°n A-Xn-s\ B-cm-[n-°p-I Iq-Sn sN-bv-Xn-cp-∂p A-h¿. a-‰p Nn-e¿ A-·n-°pw kq-cy-\-£-{Xm-Zn-Iƒ°pw ]-e k-¶-ev-]-ß-fpw \¬-In A-h-sb-bm-Wv B-cm-[n-®n-cp-∂-Xv. A-d_n-I-fpw th-sd ]-e k-ap-Zm-b-ß-fp-am-h-s´, ]-e-X-cw I-√p-Iƒ, a-cw, temlw ap-X-em-b-h-bn¬ \n-∂v th¿-s]-Sp-Øn cq-]w kr-jv-Sn-® hn-{K-l-ß-sf B-cm-[y-h-kv-Xp-°-fm-bn kzo-I-cn-°p-I-bpw A-h-bv-°v ]-e I-gn-hp-I-fp-aps≠-∂ hn-izm-k-tØm-sS A-h-sb {]-]-© I¿-Øm-hm-b ssZ-h-Øn-¶ip-]m¿-i sN-øp-∂ a-≤y-h¿-Øn-I-fm-bn k-¶-ev-]n-°p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xn-cp-∂p.

Cu k-μ¿-`-Øn-em-Wv ap-l-Ω-Zv \-_n (k.-A) °v Zn-hy-k-tμ-iw e-`n-®Xpw A-t±-lw a-X-{]-t_m-[-\-am-cw-`n-®-Xpw. Cu cq-]-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏-´ hn-{Kl-߃ (I-√p-Iƒ) Xp-S-ßn-b-h-°v H-∂n-\pw I-gn-hn-√; A-h-bv-°p h-∂v tN-cp-∂ D-]-{Z-h-ß-sf X-Sp-°p-hm-t\m, A-h-sb a-en-\-s∏-Sp-Øn A-e-t¶me-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xp X-S-bp-hm≥ t]m-ep-tam i-‡n-bn-√; Cu {]-]-©-tØbpw A-Xn-se k¿-Δ-N-cm-N-c-ß-tf-bpw kr-jv-Sn-®v ]-cn-]m-en-°p-∂-h-\m-b A-√m-lp am-{X-am-Wv b-Ym¿-∞-Øn¬ B-cm-[-\-°¿-l≥. A-h≥ F-√mw 85

]n.-ap-l-ΩZv Ip´-t»cn

tIƒ-°p-∂-h-\pw Im-Wp-∂-h-\p-am-Wv; c-l-ky-hpw ]-c-ky-hpw H-cp-t]m-se A-dn-bp-∂-h-\m-Wv; A-Xp-sIm-≠v a-≤y-h¿-Øn-bp-sS bm-sXm-cm-h-iy-hp-an√; A-√m-lp H-gn-sI a-s‰m-∂pw X-s∂ B-cm-[-\-°¿-l-a-√-˛ Cu k-tμ-ihpw sIm-≠m-Wv \-_n (k:) {]-t_m-[-\w B-cw-`n-°p-∂-Xv. a-°m \n-hm-kn-Iƒ-°pw a-‰pw Du-ln-°m≥-t]m-epw I-gn-bm-Ø-Xpw ]q¿Δo-I-∑m-cm¬ B-N-cn-®p-h-cp-∂-Xpw P-\-a-t≤y D-d-®p th-cq-∂n-b-Xp-am-b hnizm-km-Nm-c-߃-°p I-S-I-hn-cp-≤-hp-am-b Cu k-tμ-iw A-h-cn¬ F-s¥m∂n-√m-Ø \-Sp-°-hpw In-Sn-e-hpw kr-jv-Sn-®p. A-h¿ H-∂-S-¶w A-Xn-s∂-Xncm-bn A-Wn-\n-c-°p-I-bpw Zn-\w-{]-Xn F-Xn¿-∏p-Iƒ i-‡n-s∏-Sp-Øn-sIm≠n-cn-°p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. \m-ev-]-Xmw h-b- n¬ Zn-hy-k-tμ-iw e-`n-®p {]t_m-[-\w B-cw-`n-°p-∂-Xp h-sc F-√m-h-cp-tS-bpw I-Æn-ep-Æn-bpw hn-izkv-X-\p-am-bn-cp-∂p ap-l-Ω-Zv. A-K-Xn-I-tf-bpw A-i-c-W-tc-bpw tcm-Kn-I-tfbpw k-lm-bn-°p-∂ km-[p kw-c-£-I-\m-bn-cp-∂p A-t±-lw. B-Uw-_-cß-fn-epw hn-t\m-Z-ß-fn-epw A-\m-Nm-c-ß-fn-epw H-cn-°-epw ]-¶p sIm-≠ncp-∂n-√. D-S-º-Sn-I-fpw hm-Kv-Zm-\-ß-fpw Ir-Xy-am-bn \n¿-Δ-ln-®n-cp-∂p. H-cn°-epw I-≈w ]-d-bp-I-tbm A-\m-a-Øp-Iƒ kq-£n-°p-∂-Xn¬ Ir-Xy-hntem-]w Im-Wn-°p-I-tbm sN-bv-Xn-cp-∂n-√. B-cp-tS-bpw lr-Z-b-ß-sf th-Z\n-∏n-°m-sX ku-ay-X-tbm-sS kv-t\-l-]q¿-Δ-am-Wv A-t±-lw P-\-ß-tfm-Sp s]-cp-am-dp-I. Cu Kp-W-hn-ti-j-ß-sf-√m-a-S-ßn-b kp-k-Ω-X-\m-b ap-lΩ-Zv C-t∏m-gn-Xm, Zn-hy-k-tμ-i {]-t_m-[-\-Øn-s‚ ^-e-am-bn Jp-ssd-in hw-i-P-cp-sS am-{X-a-√, A-d-_n-I-fp-sS ap-gp-h≥ X-s∂ _-≤ ssh-cn-bm-bn am-dn-bn-cn-°p-∂p! {`m-¥≥, I-≈≥, a-X-`r-jv-S≥, B-`n-Nm-cn-I≥ F-s∂-√mw ap-{Z Ip-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂p! ap-l-Ω-Zn-s\ Cu {]-ÿm-\-Øn¬ \n-∂p Xo-sc hn-can-∏n-°m≥ X-{¥-]-c-am-b \-S-]-Sn-I-fpw A-{I-a {]-h¿-Ø-\ am¿-§-ß-fpw ssI-s°m-≈p-∂p. ]-s£, X-s‚ F-√m c-l-ky ]-c-ky kz-`m-h-ß-fpw kq-£v-a-am-bn A-dn-bp-∂ {]n-b ]-Xv-\n J-Zo-P-bpw, am-\y-\pw k-Xy-k-‘\p-am-b A-_q-_-°-dpw, [o-c-bp-hm-hm-b A-en-bpw, A-[-a-cm-bn K-Wn-°s∏-Sp-∂ Nn-e A-Sn-a-I-fpw A-t∏m-tg-°pw A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ k-tμ-iw B-Zyam-bn kzo-I-cn-®p I-gn-™p. Xp-S¿-∂p k-lr-Z-b-cm-b th-sd Nn-e hy-‡n-Ifpw C-…mw B-t«-jn-°m≥ Xp-S-ßn. C-tXm-sS Jp-ssd-in-I-fp-sS a¿-±-\-apd-Iƒ ]q¿-Δm-[n-Iw i-‡n-s∏-Sp-∂p. d-kq¬ I-co-am-I-s´ Cu {]-tIm-]-\ß-fp-sS-sb-√mw t\-sc A-N-©-e-a-\-kv-I-\m-bn \n-e-sIm-≈p-I-bm-Wv. F√m k-Z- p-I-sf-bpw, hy-‡n-I-sf-bpw, I-A-_-bn-te-°p Xo¿-∞m-S-\-Øn\p h-cp-∂ A-\y-tZ-i-ß-fn-se {]-ap-J-tc-bpw k-ao-]n-®p {]-t_m-[-\w \-SØn-s°m-t≠-bn-cn-°p-∂p. \n-tXy-\ kq-cy≥ A-Xn-s‚ {]-`- tem-I-Øp hnX-dn-s°m-≠n-cp-∂-t]m-se ap-l-Ω-Zpw cm-∏-I¬ t`-Z-a-t\y C-…m-an-s‚ {]-` lr-Z-b-ß-fn-te-°p sN-ep-Øn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. Jp-ssd-in-I-fm-sW-¶n86

t\Xr-kvarXn

auem\m A_p- -_mlv AlvaZv Aen

F-Xn¿-∏n-\p Xo-{h-X Iq-´p-I-bm-Wv. ]-cn-lm-k-i-c-ß-sf-øp-I-bpw, Ip-X-{¥hpw, Ip-bp-‡n-bpw {]-tbm-Kn-°-bpw sN-øp-∂p. (]-Xn-\-©p \q-‰m-≠n-\p apºp Po-hn-® A-\-h-[n i-Xm-_v-Z-ß-fm-bn _nw-_m-cm-[-\-bn¬ A-Sn-bp-d-®p I-gn-™n-cp-∂ Cu P-\-hn-`m-K-Øn-s‚ {]-hr-Øn-bn¬ \mw F-¥n-\p A¤p-X-s∏-S-Ww? Cu C-cp-]-Xmw \q-‰m-≠n¬ k-ln-jv-Wp-X-bp-tS-bpw kwkv-Im-c-Øn-s‚-bpw D-®-tIm-Sn-bn-em-sW-∂p A-h-Im-i-s∏-Sp-∂ C-¥y-bnNn-e¿ B-cm-[n-°p-∂ I-√p-ssZ-h-ß-sf B-sc-¶n-epw F-Xn¿-°p-I-bm-sW¶n¬ D-≠m-Ip-∂ {]-Xym-Lm-Xw Du-ln-°m-a-t√m) ]-s£, Jp¿-B-s‚ a-[p-c-am-b B-I¿-j-W-i-‡n-°p ap-ºn¬ F-Xn¿∏p-Iƒ ]-cm-P-b-s∏-Sp-I-bm-Wv. A-t∏mƒ A-d-_n km-ln-Xy-Øn¬ D-®-tImSn-bn-se-Øn-bn-cp-∂ Jp-ssd-in-Iƒ-˛-I-hn-Iƒ km-ln-Xy-]-c-am-bn-Ø-s∂ AXn-s\ t\-cn-Sp-hm≥ {i-an-®p t\m-°p-∂p. hm-°p am-[p-cyw sIm-≠p P-\-ßsf am-c-Ww sN-øp-∂ "km-ln¿' B-Wv \-_n F-∂p ]-d-™p A-t±-l-Øns‚ hm-°p-Iƒ tIƒ-°-cp-sX-∂p P-\-ß-sf hn-e-°p-∂p. ]-s£ Cu \ntcm-[m-⁄ t`-Zn-®p A-h-cp-sS X-s∂ t\-Xm-°ƒ A¿-≤-cm-{Xn-°p-ti-jw \-_n-{]m¿-∞-\-bn¬ ]m-cm-b-Ww sN-øp-∂ Jp¿-B≥ ]-Xn-bn-cp-∂p tIƒ°m≥ lr-Z-b-t{]-c-W-\n-an-Øw h-iw-h-Z-cm-Ip-∂p. I¿-Æm-\-μ-I-c-hpw lrZ-b-h¿-÷-I-hp-am-b Cu A-am-\p-jn-I-k-tμ-i-Øn-s‚ hm-l-I≥ H-cp kmln-Xy-Im-c-\-√. F-gp-Øpw hm-b-\-bpw A-t±-l-Øn-\p A-dn-™p-Iq-Sm. Ad-_n-Iƒ h¿-jw tXm-dpw km-ln-Xy-k-Z- p-Iƒ \-S-Øn an-I-® I-hn-Iƒ°pw km-ln-Xy-Im-c-∑m¿-°pw _-lp-a-Xn-Iƒ \¬-Ip-tºmƒ \-_n A-Xnsem-∂pw A-[n-Iw ]-s¶-Sp-Øn-´n-√. C-t±-l-Øn-s‚ ap-ºn-em-Wv km-ln-Xy]-c-am-b F-Xn¿-∏p-Iƒ ]-cm-P-b-s]-Sp-∂-Xv. A-t∏mƒ [-\-]-c-am-b h-gn-Isf-s°m-≠p \-_n-sb h-io-I-cn-°m≥ H-cp {i-aw \-S-Øn-t\m-°p-I-bm-Wv. A-Xn-epw hn-P-bw Im-Wm-Xn-cp-∂-t∏mƒ {Iq-c-am-b a¿-±-\ ap-d-I-fpw. I-SpØ ]-cn-lm-k-ß-fpw sIm-≠p A-a¿-Øn-°-f-bm≥ Xo-cp-am-\n-°p-∂p. ""Ip-t_-c-∑m-cpw, a-lm-∑m-cpw, t\-Xm-°-fpw, I-hn-t{i-jvT-∑m-cpw F-{Xtbm k-ap-Zm-b-Øn¬ D-≠m-bn-´pw A-\m-Y-\pw Z-cn-{Z-\p-am-b \n-s∂-b-√msX ssZ-h-Øn-\p Im-Wm≥ I-gn-™n-t√?'' A-h-cp-sS ]p-—-Øn-s‚ am-XrI-bm-bn-cp-∂p C-Xv. \-_n \-S-∂p t]m-Ip-∂ h-gn-bn¬ s]-s´-∂p ap-≈p-Ifpw a-en-\-h-kv-Xp-°-fpw F-dn-bp-I. F-∂n-´p a-‰p-≈-h¿-°v D-]-{Z-h-ta¬-°mXn-cn-°m≥ \-_n A-Xp h-gn-bn¬ \n-∂p \o-°w sN-øp-I. ar-K-ß-fp-sS `m-cta-dn-b A-gp-°p Ip-S-ep-Iƒ A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ X-e-bn-epw I-gp-Øn-epw h-en®n-Sp-∂p. A-Xp F-Sp-Øp-am-‰m≥ Hm-Sn-h-∂ Hm-a-\ a-Iƒ A-h-sc A-]-e-]n®-t∏mƒ A-hn-Sp-∂p ]-d-bp-∂p. ""a-I-sf A-h-sc B-t£-]n-°-cp-Xv. ssZhw A-h-sc \-∂m-°-s´!'' A-gp-°p Ip-fi-߃ sIm-≠p G-dp-In-´n a-en-\am-b ap-J-tØm-sS ho-´n¬ sN-√p-tºmƒ am-Xm-hm-b J-Zo-P-bp-sS hn-tbm-K87

]n.-ap-l-ΩZv Ip´-t»cn

Øn¬ B-Ip-e Nn-Ø-cm-b Ip-´n-Iƒ A-Xp I-≠p I-c-bp-∂p. \-_n-tbm, "A-√m-lp A-h-sc k-∑m¿-§-Øn-em-°-s´' F-∂p {]m¿-∞n-®p sIm-≠p Ip´n-I-sf km-¥z-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bpw sN-øp-∂p. tKm-{X-Øn-se H-cp hy-‡n F-{X sh-dp-°-s∏-´-h-\pw hn-cp-≤m-`n-{]m-b°m-c-\p-am-sW-¶n-epw A-h-s\ ]p-dw-X-≈p-∂-Xp A-]-am-\-am-sW-∂ A-d_n-I-fp-sS B-Nm-c \n-b-a {]-Im-cw lm-in-an-Iƒ \-_n-°p kw-c-£-Ww \¬-Ip-hm≥ Np-a-X-e-s∏-´-h-cm-Wv. A-Xn-\m¬ ap-l-Ω-Zn-\pw, Ip-Spw-_-Øn\pw, ap-…nw-Iƒ-°p-sam-∏w lm-in-an-tKm-{X-sØ ap-gp-h-\pw _-ln-jv-I-cn°p-hm≥ Jp-ssd-in-Iƒ Xo-cp-am-\-sa-Sp-°p-∂p. hn-hm-lw, kw-km-cw ap-Xem-b F-√m _-‘-ß-fpw A-h¿-°p \n-tcm-[n-°p-I-bpw `-£-W ]m-\o-bß-fpw sIm-≈-s°m-Sp-°-epw ap-S-°n A-h-sc ]-´n-Wn-bn-em-gv-Øp-I-bpw sNøp-∂p. \-_n-bpw Ip-Spw-_-hpw ap-∏-Xp am-k-tØm-fw I-jv-S-∏m-Sn¬ I-gn™p hn-i-∏p k-ln-°-h-øm-sX Nn-e¿ tXm¬-°-jv-W-߃ sh-≈-ØnIp-Xn¿-Øn I-gn-t°-≠n h-cp-∂p. \-_n-bp-sS Nn-e A-\p-bm-bn-I-sf ssIIm¬ h-cn-™p-sI-´n Np-´p ]-gp-Ø a-W-en¬ In-S-Øn a¿-±n-°p-∂p. th-sd Nn-e-sc sI-´n h-en-®p \-c-I-bm-X-\ A-\p-`-hn-∏n-°p-∂p. K-Xy-¥-c-an-√m-sX Nn-e ap-…nw-Iƒ \m-Spw, ho-Spw, Ip-Spw-_-hpw F-∂p th-≠ k¿-Δ-kz-hpw Xy-Pn-®p Zq-c-tZ-i-ß-fn¬ c-£ tX-Sp-∂p. hn-izm-kn-I-fp-sS F-Æw h¿-≤n°pw tXm-dpw i-{Xp-°-fp-sS a¿-±-\-hpw Xo-{h-am-hp-I-bm-Wv. A-Xn-\n-S-°p G-‰-hpw h-en-b k-lm-b-am-bn-cp-∂ k-l-]-Xv-\n-bp-sS a-c-Ww t]m-ep-≈ Zi-°-W-°n¬ \m-i-\-jv-S-ß-fpw H-∂n-\p ]n-d-sI a-s‰m-∂m-bn \-_n-°p A\p-`-h-s∏-´p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. ]-s£ A-t±-lw bm-sXm-cp Nm-©-ey-hpw ImWn-°m-sX cm-∏-I¬ t`-Z-a-t\y {]-t_m-[-\w Xp-S¿-∂p-sIm-t≠-bn-cn-°p∂p.

F-√m Ip-X-{¥-ß-fpw F-Xn¿-∏p-I-fpw ]-cm-P-b-s∏-´-t∏mƒ Jp-ssd-in t\-Xm-°-fpw tKm-{X-Ø-e-h-∑m-cpw \-_n-bp-sS kw-c-£-I-\pw ]n-Xr-hy-\pam-b A-_q-Xm-en-_n-s‚ A-Sp-°¬ H-cp \n-th-Z-I kw-L-am-bn h-∂p ]-dbp-∂p. ""\-Ωp-sS _-lp-am-\-s∏-´ ]q¿-Δ-]n-Xm-°-fpw a-lm-∑m-cpw i-Xm-_v-Zß-fm-bn kzo-I-cn-®p h-∂n-cp-∂ hn-izm-km-Nm-c-ß-sf B-t£-]n-°p-I-bpw A-h-sc-bpw \-sΩ-bpw hn-Uv-Vn-I-fm-°p-I-bpw, P-\-ß-sf A-h-cp-sS am¿-§Øn¬ \n-∂p sX-‰n-®p H-cp ]p-Xn-b {]-ÿm-\-Øn-te-°p \-bn-°p-I-bpw `n∂n-∏n-°p-I-bpw sN-øp-∂ ap-l-Ω-Zn-s‚ {]-hr-Øn-Iƒ k-ln-°-h-øm-Xm-bncn-°p-∂p. A-Xp-sIm-≠v H-∂p-In¬ A-h-s\ Cu {]-ÿm-\-Øn¬ \n-∂p hn-c-an-∏n-°p-I: A-s√-¶n¬ R-߃-°p A-h-s\ hn-´p-X-cn-I. A-s√-¶n¬ D∑q-e-\m-i-Øn-\p X-øm-sd-Sp-°p-I'' A-d-_n-Iƒ H-∂m-bn-kw-L-Sn-®p \¬In-b Cu A-¥y im-k-\-Øn-s‚ `-hn-jy-Øp `-bm-\-I-am-bn-cn-°p-sa-∂p I-≠v A-_q-Xm-en-_v X-s‚ tPy-jvT-]p-{X-s\ hn-fn-®p ]-d-bp-∂p: ""Jp-ssd88

t\Xr-kvarXn

auem\m A_p- -_mlv AlvaZv Aen

in-t\-Xm-°-fpw tKm-{X-Ø-e-h-∑m-cpw F-s‚ A-Sp-°¬ h-∂p H-c-¥y-imk-\w \¬-In-bn-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. H-∂p-In¬ \o Cu ]p-Xn-b {]-ÿm-\-Øn\n-∂p ]n-¥n-cn-bp-I; F-∂m¬ A-h¿ \n-s∂ cm-Pm-hm-bn kzo-I-cn-°m≥ Iq-Sn X-øm-dm-Wv. A-s√-¶n¬ F-s‚ kw-c-£-W-Øn¬ \n-∂v \n-s∂ H-gnhm-°p-I; C-Xn¬ G-sX-¶n-ep-sam-∂p kzo-I-cn-®n-s√-¶n¬ A-h¿ G-tIm-]n®p \-sΩ F-Xn¿-°p-sa-∂p `o-Xn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p; F-\n-°m-sW-¶n¬ Cu s]mXp-i-{Xp-hn-s\ X-Sp-°m≥ I-gn-hp-an-√. A-Xp-sIm-≠v \o F-¥p hn-Nm-cn-°p∂p?'' X-s‚ G-I kw-c-£-I-\m-bn-cp-∂ ]n-Xr-hy-\pw X-s∂ ssI-sh-Sn-bpI-bm-sW-∂p [-cn-®p-t]m-b ap-l-Ω-Zv A¬-]-t\-cw Nn-¥m-a-·-\m-bn-\n-∂p ]-d-bp-I-bm-Wv. ""F-s‚ h-μy-]n-Xm-sh, h-e-Xp-I-øn¬ kq-cy-t\-bpw C-S-Xp I-øn¬ N-{μ-t\-bpw sh-®p X-cn-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ Iq-Sn Rm≥ Cu ssZ-hn-I {]-ÿm-\-Øn¬ \n-∂p H-cn-°-epw A-Wp-thm-f-hpw hn-c-an-°n-√ F-∂p {]]-©-I¿-Øm-hm-b A-√m-lp-hn-s‚ t]-cn¬ Rm≥ k-Xyw sN-bv-Xp ]-d-bp∂p. H-∂p-In¬ Cu {]-ÿm-\w hn-P-bn-°p-I; A-s√-¶n¬ Rm≥ \-in-°pI.'' C-Xpw ]-d-™p k-¶-S-s∏-´p ]n-¥n-cn-™p t]m-Ip-∂ \-_n-sb a-S-°n hn-fn-®p A-_q-Xm-en-_v ]-d-bp-∂p. ""C-jv-Sm-\p-k-c-Ww {]-t_m-[-\w \-SØn-s°m-≈p-I. Rm≥ ]q¿-Æ kw-c-£-Ww \¬-Ip-∂-Xm-Wv'' lm-in-an tKm-{X-Øn-se {]-[m-\n-I-sf hn-fn-®p ap-l-Ω-Zn-\p F-√m-hn-[ kw-c-£-Whpw \¬-tI-W-sa-∂p A-t±-lw A-`y¿-∞n-°p-I-bpw sN-øp-∂p. h-f-sc ssa¬ A-I-se ÿn-Xn sN-øp-∂ Xm-C-^n-te-°p \-_n G-Im¥-\m-bn \-S-∂p sN-∂p A-hn-Sp-sØ \n-hm-kn-I-sf C-kv-em-an-te-°p £Wn-°p-I-bm-Wv. A-h¿ \-_n-sb ]-cn-l-kn-°p-∂p; sX-Ωm-Sn-I-sf Iq-°n hn-fn-°m≥ C-f-°n-hn-Sp-∂p; I-s√-dn-™p A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ Im-en¬ ap-dn-th¬∏n-°p-∂p. Np-´p-]-gp-Ø a-W-en-eq-sS A-t±-l-sØ \-S-Øn-°p-∂p. H-cp XW-en¬ hn-{i-an-°m≥ t]m-epw A-\p-h-Zn-°p-∂n-√. A-h-km-\w ]-c-h-i-\mb \-_n H-cm-fp-sS a-Xn-en-s‚ X-W-en¬ A-`-bw tX-Sp-∂p A-Xn-s‚ D-S-a Cu Z-b-\o-bm-h-ÿ I-≠p H-cp A-Sn-a-bp-sS h-iw Ip-d-®p ap-¥n-cn-∏-g-߃ \-_n-°p sIm-Sp-Ø-b-°p-∂p. A-t±-l-tam \-μn-]q¿-Δw A-Xp kzo-I-cn-®p Ip-d-®p-`m-Kw X-s∂ D-]-{Z-hn-® sX-Ωm-Sn-∏n-≈¿-°p \¬-Ip-I-bpw sN-øp∂p. \-_n-bp-sS B k-a-b-sØ {]m¿-∞-\-bpw Cu Hu-Zm-cy-hpw I-≠ ASn-a B-›-cy-`-cn-X-\m-Ip-∂p. \-_n-bp-am-bn kw-`m-j-Ww \-S-Øn C-kv-emw B-t«-jn-°p-∂p.

Cu a¿-±-\-ß-fp-tS-bpw {]-tIm-]-\ {]-h¿-Ø-\-ß-fp-tS-bpw ap-ºn¬ \ncm-i-tbm a-Sp-t∏m Xo-≠m-sX \-_n {]-t_m-[-\-hp-am-bn ap-t∂-dp-I X-s∂bm-Wv. k-Xyw H-cp Im-e-Øpw ]-cm-P-b-s∏-Sp-I-bn-√; k-Xy-Øn-\p-ao-sX h∂p Iq-Sp-∂ ta-L-]-S-e-߃ F-{X i-‡n-bp-≈-Xm-bm-epw \o-ßn-t∏m-ImXn-cn-°-bn-√ F-∂p A-t±-l-Øn-\p Zr-V-hn-izm-k-ap-≠v. X-ß-fp-sS H-cp {]89

]n.-ap-l-ΩZv Ip´-t»cn

hr-Øn-bpw \-_n-bp-sS ap-t∂m-´p-≈ K-a-\w X-S-bp-hm≥ ]-cym-]v-X-am-Ip-∂ns√-∂p I-≠p i-{Xp-°ƒ A-h-km-\w sF-Iy-I-Wv-tT-\-bp-≈ H-cp Xo-cp-am\-sa-Sp-°p-∂p: lm-in-an-Iƒ H-gn-sI-bp-≈ a-s‰-√m A-d-_p tKm-{X-ß-fn\n-∂pw I-cp-Øpw [o-c-X-bpw Np-dp-Np-dp-°p-ap-≈ Hm-tcm bp-hm-hn-s\ ho-Xw sX-c-s™-Sp-°p-I. A-h¿ aq¿-®-bp-≈ Hm-tcm- J-fi-hp-am-bn H-∂n-®p-Iq-Sn H-‰ sh-´p-sIm-≠p ap-l-Ω-Zn-s\-b-ßp h-[n-°p-I. F-∂m¬ A-h-s‚ {]ÿm-\w A-tXm-Sp-Iq-Sn \-in-°pw. am-{X-a-√, c-‡-Øn¬ F-√m tKm-{X-߃°pw ]-¶p-≈-Xp-sIm-≠p, F-√m-h-tcm-Spw bp-≤w sN-øm≥ I-gn-bm-sX lmin-an-Iƒ "^n-Zv-bm' ({]m-b-›n-Øw) hm-ßn Xr-]v-Xn-s∏-Sm≥ \n¿-∫-‘n-Xcm-hp-I-bpw sN-øpw Cu Xo-cp-am-\w {]-tbm-K-Øn¬ h-cp-Øm≥ X-øm-sd-SpØp \-_n D-d-°-ap-W-cp-∂-Xpw {]-Xo-£n-®p A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ h-k-Xn-°p Np-‰pw A¿-≤-cm-{Xn ap-X¬ {]-`m-Xw h-sc Im-Øn-cp-∂ i-{Xp-°ƒ {]-`m-XØn¬ I-≠-Xp \-_n-sb-bm-bn-cp-∂n-√. X-s‚ k-tlm-Z-c-]p-{X-\m-b A-ensb-bm-bn-cp-∂p. A-h¿-°p h-ºn-® ]-cm-P-b-hpw A-a-fn-bp-am-Wv ]-‰n-b-Xv. \-_n-bm-I-s´, A-√m-lp-hn-s‚ I-ev-]-\-b-\p-k-cn-®p ÿ-ew hn-´p I-gn-™ncp-∂p: A-Xp a-Zo-\m-bm-{X-bv-°p-≈ Xp-S-°-hp-am-bn-cp-∂p. b-Ym¿-∞-ØnB bm-{X a-°m ]-´-W-Øn¬ \n-∂p a-Zo-\m-bn-te-°p-≈ 200˛ 300 ssaZq-c-tØ-°p-≈ H-cp bm-{X-bn¬ ]-cn-an-X-am-b-X-√; a-dn-®p tem-I-Øn-s‚ Hc-‰w ap-X¬ a-s‰ A-‰w h-tc-bp-≈ C-kv-em-an-s‚ ssP-{X-bm-{X-bm-bn-cp-∂p. a-°-bn-se ]-Xn-aq-∂p-sIm-√-sØ {]-t_m-[-\-Im-e-Øv \-_n-°v k-lnt°-≠n h-∂ a¿-±-\-ß-fp-sS-bpw A-t±-lw h-cn-® Xym-K-ß-fp-sS-bpw H-cp kw-£n-]v-X-am-Wv C-Xp-h-sc hn-h-cn-®-Xv. F-∂m¬ a-Zo-\m-bn¬ F-Øn-bti-j-hpw A-t±-l-Øn-\p [m-cm-fw I-jv-S-X-Iƒ t\-cn-tS-≠n h-∂n-´p-≠v. Ckv-em-an-s\-bpw A-Xn-s‚ {]-hm-N-I-\m-b \-_n-sb-bpw \-in-∏n-°p-hm≥ i{Xp-°ƒ ]-e bp-≤-ß-fpw \-bn-®p. D-lv-Zv-bp-≤-Øn¬ h-f-sc A-[n-Iw hnj-a-߃ \-_n-°p k-ln-t°-≠n h-∂p. i-{Xp-°ƒ s]-s´-∂p \-_n-sb B-{I-an-®p. A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ ap-J-sØ-dn-™ Ip-¥-ap-\ I-hn-fn¬ i-‡nbm-bn X-d-®p-I-b-dn. c-‡w hm¿-s∂m-en-®p A-k-ly-am-b th-Z-\ A-\p-`-hs∏-´ B k-μ¿-`-Øn¬ \-_n {]m¿-∞-n-°p-I-bm-Wv. ""I-cp-Wm-\n-[n-bm-b A-√m-lp-th, F-s‚ k-ap-Zm-b-Øn-\p A-dn-hn-√m-Øp sIm-≠m-Wv A-h¿ C-ßn-s\ sN-øp-∂-Xv. A-h¿-°p \o am-∏p \¬-tI-W-ta!'' \-_n-bp-sS Cu {]m¿-∞-\-bn¬ a-\p-jy-k-ap-Zm-b-tØm-Sp-≈-˛-i-{Xp-°ƒ X-s∂-bm-sW-¶nepw i-cn-˛-kv-t\-l hm-’-ey-ß-fp-sS-bpw I-cp-W-bp-sS-bpw A-tß-A-‰-sØ am-Xr-I-bn-t√? a-°m-]-´-Ww Io-g-S-ßn-b-t∏mƒ A-Xp-h-sc \-_n-sb-bpw A\p-N-c-∑m-sc-bpw ITn-\-am-bn D-]-{Z-hn-®n-cp-∂ i-{Xp-°-tfm-Sp A-t±-lw Aßn-s\-bm-Wv {]-Xn-Im-c-\-S-]-Sn-sb-Sp-Ø-Xv. F-√m-h¿-°pw am-∏p-sIm-Sp-Øp D-Zm-c-am-b kw-`m-h-\-I-fpw k-lm-b-ß-fpw \¬-In A-h-cp-sS t¢-i-߃ 90

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A-I-‰n-s°m-Sp-Øp k-¥p-jv-S-cm-°p-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. \-_n-bp-sS Po-hn-Xw ap-gp-h-\pw \-ap-°p am-Xr-I-bm-Wv. A-t±-lw F-√m cm-{Xn-bp-sS-bpw A-[n-I-`m-K-hpw {]m¿-∞-\-bn¬ hn-\n-tbm-Kn-°p-I-bm-Wv sN-bv-Xn-cp-∂-Xv. Zo¿-L-t\-cw \n-∂p \-a-kv-I-cn-°p-∂-Xp-sIm-≠v Im-en\o-cp sI-´n-bn-cp-∂p {]-`m-X-\-a-kv-Im-c-Øn-\p ap-ºp c-≠p d-° A-Øv \-akv-I-cn-®p A-ev-]w In-S-∂p hn-{i-an-®-ti-jw Zo¿-Ln-® kq-d-Iƒ Hm-Xn {]`m-X \-a-kv-Im-cw \n¿-Δ-ln-°pw. Nn-e-t∏mƒ ""kp-lm'' k-a-b-Øpw A-t±lw {]m¿-∞n-°m-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. A-©p t\-c-sØ \-a-kv-Im-c-hpw A-h-bpsS B-Zy k-a-b-Øp X-s∂ P-am-A-Øm-bn \n¿-Δ-ln-°p-I-bpw, A-h-°p ap-ºpw ]n-ºp-ap-≈ kp-∂-Øp \-a-kv-Im-c-߃ \n-jvT-tbm-sS \n¿-Δ-ln-°pI-bpw sN-bv-Xn-cp-∂p. a-\p-jy-kv-t\-l-Øn-\pw, \o-Xn-°pw, Hu-Zm-cy-Øn-\pw C-{X-bpw D-Ø-aam-b H-cp am-Xr-I th-sd Im-Wp-I-bn-√. sN-dp-∏-Im-ew ap-X¬-s° A-\m-Ysc-bpw A-K-Xn-I-sf-bpw A-t±-lw A-tß-b-‰w kv-t\-ln-°p-I-bpw A-h¿°p `-£-W-h-kv-{Xm-Zn-Iƒ \¬-Ip-I-bpw sN-bv-Xn-cp-∂p. tcm-Kn-I-sf ip{iq-jn-°p-∂-Xn-epw A-Sn-a-I-sf kw-c-£n-°p-∂-Xn-epw A-t±-lw {]-tXy-I Xm¬-]-cyw Im-Wn-°pw. B-h-iy-°m-cp-sS B-{K-l-߃ I-gn-bpw hn-[w ]q¿-Øn-bm-°m-sX A-t±-lw hn-Sn-√. X-s‚-bpw Ip-Spw-_-Øn-s‚-bpw B-hiy-߃-°p I-cp-Xn-sh-®-Xv a-‰p-≈-h-cp-sS B-h-iy-߃ \n¿-Δ-ln-°p-∂Xn-\m-Wv A-t±-lw hn-\n-tbm-Kn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. `m-cy-am-tcm-Sp F-t∏m-gpw kv-t\-l-tØm-Sp Iq-Sn s]-cp-am-dpw. A-h-sc Hcn-°-epw B-t£-]n-°p-I-tbm sX-‰p-Iƒ-°p Ip-‰-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-tbm sN-øn√. A-Sn-a-I-tfm-Spw th-e-°m-tcm-Spw ku-ay-X-tbm-sS kv-t\-l-]q¿-Δw h¿Øn-°pw. F-¥n-\p sN-bv-Xp? F-¥p-sIm-≠p sN-bv-Xn-√? F-∂p t]m-epw tNm-Zn-°n-√. X-am-i-bm-bn-´p t]m-epw H-cn-°-epw I-f-hp ]-d-™n-´n-√. Bsc-bpw i-Im-cn-°m-dn-√ `-£-Ww ]n-Sn-®n-´n-s√-¶n¬ A-Xp I-gn-°m-Xn-cn-°pI-sb-∂-√m-sX A-Xn-s\ Zp-jn-°n-√. hm-Kv-Z-Ø-߃ F-¥p hn-j-a-߃ k-ln-t°-≠n h-∂m-epw \n-d-th-‰n-bn-cp-∂p. A-d-_p tem-Iw ap-gp-h-\pw, t]¿jym tdm-a≥ km-{am-Py-ß-fp-sS G-Xm-\pw `m-K-ß-fpw C-…m-an-∂-[o-\-amhp-I-bpw sF-iz-cyw h¿-≤n-°p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xn-´pw B-Zy-Im-e-Øv Z-cn-{Zm-hÿ-bn-em-bn-cp-∂-t∏mƒ D-]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp-∂ `-£-W-hpw h-kv-{X-hpw X-s∂bm-Wv A-t±-lw D-]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. h-kv-{X-߃ kz-¥w X-s∂ I-gp-In hr-Øn-bm-°pw. Io-dn-b-h kz-¥w Xp-∂n \-∂m-°pw. tI-Sp-h-∂ sN-cn-∏p-Ifpw kz-¥-am-bn i-cn-s∏-Sp-Øpw. i-co-cw hr-Øn-bm-°p-∂-Xn¬ {]-tXy-Iw {i-≤n-®n-cp-∂p. hn-b¿-∏p aq-e-tam a-t‰m tZ-l-Øn¬ \n-∂p Zp¿-§-‘w h-an°m-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. a-dn-®p, F-t∏m-gpw A-t±-l-Øn¬ \n-∂p ]-cn-a-fw ASn-®p-ho-in-bn-cp-∂p. \-_n km-[m-c-W kp-K-‘ h-kv-Xp-°ƒ D-]-tbm-Kn-°pw.

91

]n.-ap-l-ΩZv Ip´-t»cn

hm-b F-t∏m-gpw ip-≤n-bm-°n sh-°pw. F-√m B-gv-N-bpw \-Jw ap-dn-°p-∂Xp sIm-≠p A-Xn-∂-Sn-bn¬ A-gp-°p ]-‰n-∏n-Sn-°m-dn-√. Xm-Sn F-t∏m-gpw `w-Kn-bm-°n-sh-°pw. A-ßn-s\ sN-øm≥ D-]-tZ-in-°p-I-bpw sN-øpw. H-cn°-epw Xm-Sn-h-Sn-®n-´n-√. A-gp-°p h-kv-{X-߃ Xo-sc [-cn-°m-dn-√. Nn-et∏mƒ Io-dn-b-Xpw I-jv-Ww sh-®-Xp-am-b h-kv-{X-ß-fpw [-cn-®n-cp-∂p. CuØ-∏-\-tbm-e-sIm-≠p s\-bv-X ]m-b-bn-em-Wv A-[n-I-hpw In-S-∂n-cp-∂-Xv. s]m-Xp-sh h-gn-I-fn¬ Im-Wp-∂ ap-≈pw a-en-\ h-kv-Xp-°-fpw kz-¥w ssIsIm-≠p \o-°p-I-bpw A-ßn-s\ sN-øm≥ a-‰p-≈-h-tcm-Sp I¬-]n-°p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xn-cp-∂p. ]-≈n \n¿-Ωm-Ww, In-S-ßp Io-d¬ ap-X-em-b s]m-Xp-{]-h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ a-‰p-≈-h-tcm-sSm-∏w k-a-am-b ]-¶v A-t±-l-hpw \n¿-Δ-ln-°pw.

[-\n-I-˛-Z-cn-{Z hy-Xym-kw Iq-Sm-sX A-Xn-Yn-I-sf _-lp-am-\-]p-c- -cw k¬°-cn-®p kzo-I-cn-®n-cp-∂p. A-{]-Im-cw X-s∂ Pq-X¿-°pw {In-kv-Xym-\n-Iƒ°pw, _-lp-ssZ-h-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ-°pw A-t±-lw k¬-°m-cw \¬-Ip-I-bpw ]-≈n-bn¬ {]-th-in-°m-\pw hn-{i-an-°m-\pw A-h¿-°p ku-I-cyw sN-bv-Xp sIm-Sp-°p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xn-cp-∂p. C-Xn¬-\n-s∂-√mw \mw [-cn-t°-≠-Xv C…mw sh-dpw hn-izm-kw, \-a-kv-Im-cw, {h-Xw, \n¿-∫-‘-Zm-\w (k-°m-Øv), l-÷v-t]m-ep-≈ A-\p-jvTm-\-߃ am-{X-a-s√-∂m-Wv. a-dn-®v C-h ap-ºp hnh-cn-®-h-sb-√mw Iq-Sn-b H-cp irw-J-e-bp-sS I-Æn-Iƒ am-{X-am-Wv. C-h-bpsS Ir-Xy-am-b \n¿-Δ-l-Ww a-‰p-≈-h-bn-te-°p h-gn sX-fn-bn-°p-I-bpw t{]c-W \¬-Ip-I-bpw sN-øp-∂p. \-_n(-k.-A) F-√m-X-c-Øn-ep-≈ \-∑-bn-te-°pw D¬-t_m-[-\w \¬Ip-I-bpw F-√m ]p-tcm-K-a-\ {]-h¿-Ø-\-ß-sf-bpw t{]m-’m-ln-∏n-°p-Ibpw sN-bv-Xn-cp-∂p. A-{]-Im-cw X-s∂ F-√m X-cw Xn-∑-I-sf-bpw hn-e-°pI-bpw Zp¿-am¿-§-ß-sf X-S-bp-I-bpw A-t[m-K-Xn-sb \n-cp-’m-l-s∏-Sp-ØpI-bpw sN-bv-Xn-cp-∂p. A-t±-lw Nn-¥-sb X-´n-bp-W¿-Øn, _p-≤n-sb h-f¿Øn, F-√m-X-cw hn-⁄m-\-ß-fpw I-c-ÿ-am-°m≥ a-\p-jy-sc \n¿-_-‘n®p, \-_n (k:A) F-√m k¬-kz-`m-h-ß-fp-sS-bpw ]q¿-Øo-I-c-W-am-bn-cp∂p. tem-I-Øn¬ ]p-—n-®p ]p-d-¥-≈-s∏-´p A-h-K-W-\-bn¬ In-S-∂n-cp-∂ kv{Xo h¿-§-sØ D-∂-X-]-Z-hn-bn-te-°pw ]p-cp-j-∑m-cp-sS k-a-\n-e-bn-te-°pw D-b¿-Øn-b C-…m-an-s‚ k-tμ-i-ß-fpw \-_n-bp-sS A-\p-I-c-Wo-b am-XrI-I-fpw kv-{Xo-Iƒ-°n-S-bn¬ {]-N-cn-∏n-°p-hm-\m-bn-cp-∂p A-t±-lw H-∂n-e[n-Iw `m-cy-am-sc hn-hm-lw I-gn-®-Xv. km-[m-c-W kv-{Xo-]p-cp-j-_-‘w am{X-am-bn-cp-∂n-√ \-_n-bp-sS _-lp-`m-cy-Xz-Øn-s‚ D-t±-iw. Im-c-Ww, buΔ-\-Im-e-Øp ap-gp-h-\pw 23 h-b- p ap-X¬ 51-˛mw A-s√-¶n¬ 53-˛mw h-b p-h-sc A-t±-l-Øn-\p G-I-]-Xv-\n J-Zo-P-_o-hn am-{X-am-Wp-≠m-bn-cp-∂Xv. A-h-cp-sS a-c-W-Øn-\p ti-jw am-{X-am-Wv th-sd kv-{Xo-I-sf hn-hm92

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auem\m A_p- -_mlv AlvaZv Aen

lw I-gn-®-Xv. A-∂p A-d-_n-Iƒ-°n-S-bn¬ H-cp ]p-cp-j≥ [m-cm-fw kv-{XoI-sf hn-hm-lw I-gn-°p-∂-Xp ]-Xn-hp-am-bn-cp-∂p. \-_n-bp-sS am-Xr-I-Iƒ k-lm-_n-I-fpw ]n≥-]-‰n-bn-cp-∂-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv tem-I-Øn-se G-‰-hpw h-en-b km-{am-Py-ß-fm-b tdm-apw t]¿-jy-bpw \oXn-bp-sS-bpw k-Xy-Øn-s‚-bpw am¿-§-Øn¬ C-…m-an-∂-[o-\-s∏-´-Xv. a-\pjy--k-ap-Zm-b-sØ ku-`m-Ky-Øn-te-°pw D-∂-Xn-bn-te-°pw \-bn-°p-∂ C…m-an-I k-tμ-i-߃ tem-I-Øp C-{X-bpw th-K-Øn¬ {]-N-cn-®-Xp ap-ºp hn-h-cn-® X-c-Øn-ep-≈ Xym-K-ß-fp-sS-bpw, I-jv-S-∏m-Sp-I-fp-sS-bpw, ITn-\m≤zm-\-Øn-s‚-bpw ^-e-am-bm-Wv. Cu I-jv-S \-jv-S-ß-fp-sS-sb-√mw A-\-¥c-^-e-am-b B-\-μ [z-\n-bm-W-t√m tem-I-Øn-s‚ H-c-‰w ap-X¬ a-t‰ A-‰w h-sc tIm-Sn-°-W-°n¬ ]-≈n ap-\m-c-ß-fp-sS ap-I-fn¬ \n-∂p Zn-h-k-hpw A-©p {]m-h-iyw B-h¿-Øn-®m-h¿-Øn-®p ap-g-°-s∏-Sp-∂ ""A-√m-lp AIv-_¿...'' F-∂p Xp-S-ßp-∂ _m-¶p hn-fn (A-√m-lp k¿-Δ-N-cm-N-c-߃°pw D-]-cn-bm-Wv. A-h-\-√m-sX th-sd ssZ-h-an-s√-∂p Rm≥ Xo¿-Øp ]d-bp-I-bpw km-£yw h-ln-°p-I-bpw sN-øp-∂p. ap-l-Ω-Zv ssZ-h-Zq-X-\m-sW∂pw Rm≥ km-£yw h-ln-°p-∂-p. {]m¿-∞-\-°p th-Kw h-cn-I! hn-P-bhpw \-∑-bpw I-c-ÿ-am-°m≥ th-Kw h-cn-I! k¿-Δ N-cm-N-c-ß-fpw A-√mlp-hn-s‚ A-[o-\-X-bn-em-Wv.) \-_n-bp-sS-bpw k-lm-_n-I-fp-sS-bpw Po-hn-X-Øn-se Nn-e am-Xr-I-I-fmWv ap-ºp hn-h-cn-®-h. B am-Xr-I-I-f-\p-k-cn-®p Po-hn-°p-hm≥ _m-≤y-ÿcm-b \mw A-ßn-s\ sN-øp-∂p-t≠m F-∂p H-cm-fl ]-cn-tim-[-\ \-S-Øphm-\m-Wv C-h \n-ß-sf ho-≠pw Hm¿-Ω-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xv. Cu k-μ¿-`-Øn\n-߃ C-hn-sS du-k-Øn¬ tN¿-∂-t∏mƒ A-√m-lp-hn-s‚ t]-cn¬ sN-bvX {]-Xn-⁄-I-fn¬ Nn-e-Xv Rm≥ C-hn-sS A-\p-kv-a-cn-°-s´!

1. A-√m-lp-hn-s‚ h-gn-bn¬ F-s‚ k¿-Δ-hn-[ I-gn-hp-I-fpw hn-\n-tbm-Kn°p-∂-Xn¬ Rm≥ e-h-te-i-hpw hn-Lv-\w h-cp-Øp-I-bn-s√-∂pw A-h-s‚ I¬-]-\-Iƒ C-∂p-ap-X¬ i-cn-bm-bn ]m-en-°p-∂-Xm-sW-∂pw A-√m-lp-hns‚ t]-cn¬ Rm≥ i-]-Yw sN-øp-∂p.

2. A-√m-lp-hn-s‚-bpw d-kq-en-s‚-bpw Xr-]v-Xn-°pw B-⁄-°pw hn-]co-X-am-bn Rm≥ H-∂pw ]-d-bp-I-tbm {]-h¿-Øn-°p-I-tbm sN-øp-I-bn-s√∂pw, eu-In-tIm-t±-iy-Øn-\m-bn P-\-ß-sf tk-hn-°p-I-tbm `-b-s∏-Sp-Itbm sN-øp-I-bn-s√-∂pw A-√m-lp-hn-s‚ t]-cn¬ Rm≥ i-]-Yw sN-øp-∂p.

3. Rm≥ F-s‚ Po-hn-Xw ^-e-{]-Z-am-°n-Øo¿-°p-hm≥ {i-an-°p-∂-tXmsSm-∏w ap-…nw k-ap-Zm-b-Øn-s‚ A-`n-hr-≤n-°pw, C-…m-an-I tX-P- n-s‚ {]-t_m-[-\-Øn-\pw, kz-cm-Py-Øn-s‚ Kp-W-Øn-\pw F-s∂-sIm-≠p B-hp∂-sX-√mw sN-øp-sa-∂p {]-Xn-⁄ sN-bv-Xp sIm-≈p-∂p. \n-߃ C-hn-sS Xm-a-kn-®p sIm-≠n-cp-∂-t∏mƒ Xm-Sn-h-Sn-°-cp-Xv, sXm93

]n.-ap-l-ΩZv Ip´-t»cn

∏n-[-cn-°-Ww Xp-S-ßn-b ]-e Nn-´-I-fpw ]m-en-®v Po-hn-®n-cp-∂-Xm-W-t√m. CXn-\p hn-]-co-Xw {]-h¿-Øn-®-h¿ in-£m¿-l-cm-bn-cp-∂-Xpw \n-߃-°-dnbm-a-t√m. \n-ß-tfm-Sp Rm≥ ]-cp-j-am-bn s]-cp-am-dn-bn-´p-s≠-∂pw, \n-ßsf ITn-\-am-bn B-t£-]n-°p-I-bpw ip-WvTn-sb-Sp-°p-I-bpw tIm-]n-°p-Ibpw a-‰pw sN-bv-Xn-´p-s≠-∂pw F-\n-°p X-s∂ A-dn-bmw. A-h-sb-√mw Fs‚ ssh-I-ey-ß-fpw, Zu¿-∫-ey-ß-fpw, sX-‰p-I-fp-am-bn-cn-°mw. C-h-sbms° \n-߃ F-\n-°p am-∏p sN-bv-Xp X-cp-sa-∂p Rm≥ hn-iz-kn-°p-∂p.

Cu kz-`m-h-ß-sf-√mw F-∂n¬ D-s≠-¶n-epw Rm≥ \n-ß-sf h-f-sc-b-[nIw kv-t\-ln-°p-∂p-sh-∂-Xm-Wv ]-c-am¿-∞w. F-s‚ G-‰-hpw h-en-b A-`nem-j-hpw F-t∏m-gp-ap-≈ {]m¿-∞-\-bpw \n-߃ C-…m-an-s‚ G-‰-hpw \-√ am-Xr-I-I-fm-bn Jp¿-B≥ h-c-®p Im-Wn-°p-I-bpw d-kq¬ ]Tn-∏n-°p-I-bpw sN-bv-X b-Ym¿-∞ ]m-Ÿm-hn¬ Po-hn-®p P-\-ß-sf tk-hn-°-W-sa-∂-XmWv. \n-ß-sf A-ßn-s\ Im-Wp-∂-Xn-em-Wv F-s‚ G-‰-hpw h-en-b B-\-μhpw. \n-ß-fp-sS am-Xr-ÿm-]-\-am-b du-k-Øn-\p \n-߃ sN-øp-∂ G-‰hpw h-en-b tk-h-\-hpw A-Xm-bn-cn-°pw. du-k-Øn-s‚ A-`n-am-\-hpw A¥- pw D-b¿-®-bpw \n-ß-fp-sS D-Ø-a Po-hn-X-Øn-em-Wv. \n-߃ C-Xn\n-∂p hy-Xn-N-en-®p Im-Wp-tºmƒ F-s‚ lr-Z-bw th-Z-\n-°p-I-bm-Wv. am{X-a-√, A-Xp \n-ß-fp-sS am-Xr-ÿm-]-\-am-b du-k-Øn-\p G-‰-hpw h-en-b tZm-j-hpw t{Zm-l-hp-am-bn ]-cn-W-an-°p-I-bpw sN-øp-∂p. Xm-Sn h-Sn-®p, tIt∏m a-t‰m [-cn-°m-sX X-e Xp-d-∂n-´p A-ap-…nw-I-sf-t∏m-se \-S-°p-∂Xpw, h-kv-{Xw \n-e-Øv h-en-®n-g-bp-∂ co-Xn-bn¬ [-cn-°p-∂-Xpw \n-߃-°\p-tbm-Py-am-b-X-√. a-\p-jy-k-ap-Zm-b-Øn-s‚ hn-in-jym ap-…nw-I-fp-sS A`yp-∂-Xn-°pw A-h-cp-sS A-`n-em-j-km-^-ey-Øn-\pw th-≠n \mw F-¥p sN-bv-Xp-sh-∂p \-tΩm-Sp X-s∂ H-∂p tNm-Zn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. \n-߃ C-hnsS \n-∂p a-X-]-c-am-b hn-⁄m-\-Øn-s‚-bpw C-…m-an-I kw-kv-Im-c-Øns‚-bpw Zo-]-in-J sIm-fp-Øn-s°m-≠m-W-t√m ]p-d-Øp t]m-bn-´p-≈-Xv. B Zo-]-in-J-°p \n-߃ X-s∂ H-cp \n¿-Ω-e kv-^-Sn-I-am-bn-Øo-cp-I-bm-sW¶n¬ A-Xp Iq-Sp-X¬ Pm-Pz-ey-am-\-am-hp-I-bpw a-‰p-≈-h¿-°p sh-fn-®-hpw D-]-Im-c-hp-am-bn-Øo-cp-I-bpw sN-øpw, Xo¿-®. \n-߃ A-Xn-\p {i-an-°mØ-Xp-sIm-≠m-bn-cn-°mw Nn-e¿ A-d-_n-t°m-tf-Pp-I-sf B-t£-]n-°p-∂Xv. C-øn-sS Nn-e am-\y-∑m¿ H-cp ÿm-]-\-Øn-s‚ dn-t∏m¿-´v F-s‚ {i-≤bn¬ s]-Sp-Øp-I-bp-≠m-bn. A-Xn-se Nn-e hm-N-I-߃ C-ßn-s\-bm-Wv. ""tI-c-f-Øn-se \n-e-hn-ep-≈ Aw-Ko-Ir-X A-d-_n-t°m-tf-Pp-I-fn¬ \n-∂p ]p-d-Øp h-cp-∂ hn-Zym¿-∞n-Iƒ-°p A-d-_n `m-j-bn¬ Ip-sd-sbm-s° ]cn-N-bw kn-≤n-°p-∂p-s≠-¶n-epw Zo-\n hn-⁄m-\ Xp-d-I-fn-epw hn-hn-[ C…m-an-I im-kv-{X-ß-fn-ep-ap-≈ A-dn-hp D-]-cn-kq-Nn-X-am-b \n-e-bn¬ e-`y94

t\Xr-kvarXn

auem\m A_p- -_mlv AlvaZv Aen

am-Ip-hm-\p-≈ A-h-k-cw D-≠m-Ip-∂n-s√-∂ h-kv-Xp-X A-\p-`-hw sIm-≠p X-s∂ hy-‡-am-Wv.'' "A-d-_n `m-j-bn¬ Ip-td-sbm-s° ]-cn-N-bw kn-≤n-°p-∂p-sh-¶n-epw Zo\n hn-⁄m-\ Xp-d-I-fn¬' F-∂ hm-°p X-s∂ F-¥m-Wv kq-Nn-∏n-°p-∂sX-∂p F-t∂m-S-h¿ tNm-Zn-®p. B dn-t∏m¿-´n-s‚ `m-c-hm-ln-I-fm-b _-lpam-\-s∏-´ ]-fin-X-∑m¿ F-¥m-Wv A-Xp-sIm-≠p-t±-in-®-sX-∂p F-\n-°-dn™p Iq-Sm. F-¥p-sIm-s≠-∂m¬, \-Ωp-sS du-k-Øp¬ D-eq-an¬ \n-∂pw, a-‰p ÿm-]-\-ß-fn¬ \n-∂pw ]Tn-®p ]p-d-Øp-t]m-b ]-e-cpw Cu ]-fin-X∑m-tcm-sSm-∏w a-X-]-c-am-b ]-e cw-K-ß-fn-epw H-∂n-®p {]-h¿-Øn-°p-∂-hcm-Wv. A-h-cm-I-s´, Zo-\n hn-⁄m-\ Xp-d-I-fn-epw hn-hn-[ C-…m-an-I im-kv{X-ß-fn-epw C-h-sc-°mƒ H-´pw Ip-d-h-s√-∂pw Cu ]-fin-X-∑m¿-°-dn-bmw.

H-cp D-b¿-∂ jm-∏v H-cmƒ Xp-d-°p-hm≥ D-t±-in-°p-∂p-s≠-¶n¬ a-‰p \n-ehn-ep-≈ jm-∏p-I-fn¬ \-√ N-c-°p-I-sfm-∂pw C-s√-∂p ]-d-™p bm-Ym¿∞y-ß-sf aq-Sn-sh-®v X-s‚ jm-∏n-s\ ]p-I-gv-Øp-∂-Xp D-Ø-a-am-tWm F∂p A-h-cn-sem-cmƒ tNm-Zn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. a-s‰m-cm-fp-sS {]-hr-Øn-sb-∏‰n F-\n-s°m-∂pw ]-d-bm≥ I-gn-bn-s√-∂m-Wv Rm≥ A-h-tcm-Sv ]-d-™ adp-]-Sn. A-d-_n-t°m-tf-Pn¬ \n-∂pw a-‰pw ]Tn-®p ]p-d-Øp t]m-Ip-∂ hnZym¿-∞n-Iƒ C-cp-]-Xn-\pw C-cp-]-Ø-©n-\pw a-t≤y {]m-b-ap-≈ bp-hm-°fm-Wv. B {]m-b-Øn¬ X-ß-fpw hn-⁄m-\-Øn¬ F-ßn-s\-bm-bn-cp-∂p; F-¥m-bn-cp-∂p; A-d-_n-t°m-tf-Pp-I-fn¬ \n-∂p hn-Zym¿-∞n-Iƒ I-gn-®-XnIq-Sp-X¬ hn-f-ºn-s°m-Sp-°p-hm≥ X-ß-fp-sS ]m-{X-Øn-ep-t≠m; A-Y-hm A-h-cp-sS ÿm-]-\-ß-fn¬ C-{X hn-f-ºp-∂p-t≠m F-s∂m-∂pw Nn-¥n-°msX-bm-bn-cn-°mw B `m-c-hm-ln-Iƒ C-Xp ]-d-™-Xv. ]-ip, B-Sv ap-X-em-b ar-K-߃ Iq-Sn A-Xn-s‚ D-]-Po-h-\-Øn-\p-th-≠n ]-cn-{i-an-®p sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bpw, A-h-bp-sS Ip-™p-ß-sf kv-t\-ln-°p-Ibpw, H-c-Xn¿-Øn-h-sc A-h-bp-sS kw-c-£-W-Øn-\v B-h-iy-am-b-Xp {]h¿-Øn-°p-I-bpw sN-øp-∂p-≠-t√m. \-Ωp-sS Po-hn-X-hpw A-≤zm-\-hpw \ap-°pw Ip-Spw-_-߃-°pw th-≠n am-{Xw ]-cn-an-X-am-hp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ a\p-jy-cm-b \m-apw ar-K-ß-fpw X-Ωn¬ h-en-b hy-Xym-k-ap-s≠-∂p ]-d-bmh-X-√. \mw a-c-ß-fp-sS \n-g-en¬ B-iz-kn-°p-∂p; A-h-bp-sS C-e, sImºv, X-Sn ap-X-em-b-h sIm-≠p D-]-Im-cw A-\p-`-hn-°p-I-bpw sN-øp-∂p. \mw I-√pw h-Sn-bpw sIm-≠p A-h-sb F-dn-™m-epw \-ap-°-h ]-g-ß-fm-Wv Xcp-∂-Xv. kr-jv-Sn-I-fn¬-sh-®p G-‰-hpw t{i-jvT-\m-b a-\p-jy≥ a-c-tØ-°mƒ \-√-h-\pw a-‰p-≈-h¿-°p D-]-Im-c-s∏-´-h-\p-am-tI-≠-X-t√? X-s‚ Po-hn-Xw sIm-≠p a-‰p-≈-h¿-°p H-cp {]-tbm-P-\-hp-an-s√-¶n¬ ]n-s∂ F-¥p t{ijvT-X-bm-Wv A-h-\p-≈-Xv. a-\p-jy-Po-hn-X-Øn-s‚ hn-e-a-Xn-°m-\p-≈ am-\Z-fiw [-\-Øn-s‚ an-I-thm, D-tZym-K-Øn-s‚ h-ep-∏-tam, h¿-§-Øn-s‚ ta95

]n.-ap-l-ΩZv Ip´-t»cn

∑-tbm, Ip-Spw-_-Øn-s‚ ]q¿-Δ a-ln-a-tbm H-∂p-a-√. ]n-s∂-tbm, D-]-Im-c{]-Z-am-bn \n-e-sIm-≈p-∂ A-h-ti-jn-°p-∂-Xp-am-b {]-hr-Øn-I-fm-Wv. a-cW-s∏-´-h-s‚ i-co-c-Øn¬ Xq-°-Øn-tem, h-ep-∏-Øn-tem, B-Ir-Xn-bn-tem, H-∂n-epw H-cp Ip-d-hpw h-∂n-´n-√. B A-aq-ey-am-b B-flm-hv th¿-s∏-´pt]m-b-Xp-sIm-≠v B P-U-sØ Ip-t_-c-s\-t∂m, Ip-tN-e-s\-t∂m, ]-finX-s\-t∂m, ]m-a-c-s\-t∂m ]-d-bm-h-X-√. ap-ºp sN-bv-Xn-´p-≈ {]-hr-Øn-Ifp-sS B-I-Øp-I t\m-°n-bm-Wv A-h≥ _-lp-am-\n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. C-XmWv A-√m-lp-hn-s‚ Cu B-b-Øv kq-Nn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. ""A-√m-lp-hn-¶¬ \nß-fn¬ G-‰-hpw _-lp-am-\n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h¿ \n-ß-fn¬ G-‰-hpw \-√ {]-hrØn-sN-bv-X-h-cm-Wv.'' \n-ß-fn¬ ]-e-cpw kv-Iq-fp-I-fn-tem, a-‰p ÿm-]-\-ß-fn-tem, Hm-tcm tPmen-bn¬ G¿-s∏-´-h-cm-bn-cn-°mw. Cu tPm-en-bn¬ C-cp-∂p-sIm-≠p X-s∂ \n-ß-fn¬ ]-e¿-°pw ]-e \-√ Im-cy-ß-fpw sN-øm≥ I-gn-bpw. A-K-Xn-Ifpw, ]-c-h-i-cpw, km-[p-°-fp-am-b ]n-©p-ss]-X-߃-°p ]p-kv-X-Iw, t…‰v, s]≥-kn¬ ap-X-em-b D-]-I-c-W-߃ ti-J-cn-®p sIm-Sp-°m≥ I-gn-bp∂-Xm-Wv. a-‰p-≈-h-cn¬ \n-∂p Cu c-≠p ss]-k ho-Xw ]n-cn-®p-≠m-°n A-Xp \n¿-Δ-ln-°m≥ I-gn-bpw. \n-ß-fp-sS Xm-a-k-ÿ-e-Øn-\-Sp-Øp-≈ ta-bm-Ø ]p-c-Iƒ km-[p-°-fp-sS X-s∂ k-lm-b-tØm-sS k-l-I-c-Wm-Snÿm-\-Øn¬ sI-´n ta-™p i-cn-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-Sp-°m≥ {i-an-°m-hp-∂-XmWv. X-° Nn-In-’-s°m-cp-ßm-sX a-{¥-hpw t\¿-®-bpw, ]q-P-bpw \-S-Øn tcm-K-im-¥n tX-Sp-I-bpw A-Xp-h-gn tcm-Kw aq¿-—n-°m≥ C-S-h-cn-I-bpw sNøp-∂ A-i-c-W-cm-b tcm-Kn-I-sf b-Ym-hn-[n Nn-In-’n-°m-\pw B-ip-]-{Xnbn-te-bv-°p A-b-°m-\pw \n-߃-°p I-gn-bpw. \-_n-bp-sS {]-t_m-[-\w sIm-≠v B-Zy-L-´-Øn¬ aq-∂p t]-cm-W-t√m {]-Y-a-am-bn hn-iz-kn-®-Xv. F-hn-sS-bm-bn-cp-∂m-epw \n-ß-fpw aq-∂p kv-t\ln-X-∑m-sc k-ºm-Zn-°m≥ {i-an-°-Ww. C-ßn-s\ ]-{¥-t≠m-fw t]-sc-¶nepw ]q¿-Øn-bm-Ip-tºmƒ A-h¿ H-cp kw-Lw cq-]o-I-cn-°-Ww. I-gn-bp-∂ k-a-b-ß-fn-se-√mw H-Øp tN¿-∂p B ÿ-e-Øn-s‚ Np-‰p-]m-Sp-ap-≈-h-cpsS \-∑-°pw k-ap-Zm-b-Øn-s‚ D-∂-a-\-Øn-\pw, A-`n-em-j-km-^-ey-Øn-\pw th-≠n B-hp-∂-sX-√mw sN-øm≥ {i-an-°-Ww. kzm¿-∞ Xm-ev-]-cy-tam, {ip-Xn-°pw, kv-Xp-Xn-]m-e-\-Øn-\p-ap-≈ tam-l-tam H-∂pw \n-ß-sf Xo-≠cp-Xv. Im-c-Ww b-Ym¿-∞-hn-P-b-Øn-s‚ am-\-Z-fiw B-flm¿-∞-X-bm-Wv. b-Ym¿-∞ ]p-jv-]-ß-fn¬ \n-∂p am-{X-ta ]-cn-a-fw A-Sn-®p ho-ip-I-bp-≈p.

I-S-em- p ]p-jv-]-߃, A-h F-{X a-t\m-l-c-ß-fm-I-s´, H-cn-°-epw ]-cn-afw hn-X-dp-I-bn-√. a-X-]-c-am-b X¿-°-hn-j-b-ß-fn¬ \n-∂pw hn-´p-am-d-Ww. a-‰p-≈-h-cp-sS A-`n-{]m-b-߃ am-\n-°-Ww. X-s‚ A-`n-{]m-b-߃ ku-ayX-tbm-sS, kv-t\-l-]q¿-Δw \-b-Øn¬ F-Xn-c-`n-{]m-b-°m-sc tIƒ-∏n-°-Ww. 96

t\Xr-kvarXn

auem\m A_p- -_mlv AlvaZv Aen

A-t\ym-\yw k-Xyw {K-ln-∏n-°p-I F-∂-Xm-bn-cn-°-Ww D-t±-iw. a-dn-®p Xm≥ G-sX-¶n-epw \n-e-bn¬ hn-P-bn-°-W-sa-∂-Xm-h-cp-Xv. A-√m-lp-hn-s‚ A-\p-{K-l-Øm¬ \-ap-°p du-k-Øp¬ D-eqw A-d-_nt°m-tf-Ppw, ^m-dq-Jv tIm-tf-Ppw, ^m-dq-Jv ssl-kv-Iq-fpw a-‰pw ssI h∂n-´p-≠v. C-\n-bpw \-ap-°p, k-tlm-Z-cn-Iƒ-°p-th-≠ {]-tXy-I ÿm-]-\߃, F-©n-\o-b-dnw-Kv tIm-tf-Pv, sa-Un-°¬ tIm-tf-Pv, F-√m-X-cw hn⁄m-\-ß-fpw Dƒ-s°m-≈p-∂ D-b¿-∂ hn-Zym-`ym-k-Øn-\p-≈ ÿm-]-\w, A-Xn-\p hn-Zq-c cm-Py-ß-fn-te-°v {]m-]v-X-∑m-sc A-b-°m-\p-≈ G¿-∏m-SpIƒ, C-…m-an-I {]-kn-≤o-I-c-W-Øn-\p-≈ G¿-∏m-Sp-Iƒ Xp-S-ßn-b ]-eXpw h-f-sc A-Xym-h-iy-am-Wv. C-h t\-Sn-°-gn-™m¬ am-{X-ta \mw A-¥ p-≈ H-cp Po-h¬ k-ap-Zm-b-b-am-bn-Øo-cp-I-bp-≈q. \n-ß-fp-sS am-Xr-ÿm-]-\-am-b du-k-Øn-s‚ k-tlm-Z-cn-bm-b ^m-dq-Jv tIm-tf-Pn-s‚ D-Ø-a-k-¥m-\-ß-sf \-√-h-cpw, hn-⁄m-\n-I-fpw, kw-kv-Imc-k-º-∂-cpw, k-ap-Zm-tbm-∂-a-\-Øn¬ A-Xo-h Xm-ev-]-cy-ap-≈-h-cp-am-b B k-tlm-Z-c-∑m-sc \n-߃ C-hn-sS A-h-cp-am-bn k-l-I-cn-®p {]-h¿-Øn-®n-cp∂ t]m-se Iq-´p-]n-Sn-®p H-Øp {i-an-°p-∂-Xm-bm¬ Cu ]-d-™-h-sb-√mw A-\-Xn-hn-Zq-c-am-b `m-hn-bn¬ ssI-h-t∂-°mw. B-Zyw \n-ß-fp-sS lr-Z-bß-fn¬ Cu h-I Im-cy-߃ ap-f-®p X-fn¿-°-s´! lr-Z-b-Øn¬ th-cp-d®m¬ A-Xn-s‚ ap-f ]p-d-Øp-h-∂p sIm-≈pw.

R-߃ sN-dn-b-h-cm-Wv; \n- m-c-∑m-cm-Wv; C-{X-bpw h-en-b Im-cy-߃ F-ßn-s\ ssI-h-cp-hm-\m-Wv F-∂o A-[-a a-\x-ÿn-Xn-bpw `o-cp-Xz-hpw \nß-sf Xo-≠-cp-Xv. A-h-km-\-am-bn Rm≥ \n-ß-tfm-Sp ]-e-t∏m-gpw D-Zm-l-c-W k-ln-Xw ]-d-™n-´p-≈ K-l-\-am-b H-cp Im-cyw H-∂p-Iq-Sn D-W¿-Øn-s°m-≠p Cu Ip-dn-∏p A-h-km-\n-∏n-°-s´. \n-߃ H-cp Su-Wn¬ \-S-°p-tºmƒ ""C-cpºp jm-∏v, Xp-Wn-jm-∏v, tÃ-j-\-dn-∏o-Sn-I...'' Xp-S-ßn-b ]-e-hn-[ t_m¿Up-I-fpw Im-Wpw. F-∂m¬ C-h-°p-≈n¬ I-S-∂p Hm-tcm-∂pw ]-cn-tim-[n®m-se A-h-bp-sS X-c-ß-fpw hn-`m-K-ß-fpw Kp-W-tZm-j-ß-fpw hy-‡-am-bn Xn-cn-bp-I-bp-≈p. C-Xp-t]m-se \n-߃ C-hn-sS \n-∂p sam-Ø-Øn¬ Hmtcm hn-j-b-sØ-∏-‰n-bpw ]-cn-an-X-am-b \n-e-°p ]Tn-®n-´p-≠m-bn-cn-°mw. F∂m¬ \n-߃ ]Tn-® Zo-\n-bm-b hn-j-b-ß-tfm-tcm-∂n-s‚-bpw D-≈n-tem-´p I-S-∂p A-Xn-s‚ hn-`m-K-ß-fpw im-J-I-fpw a-\- n-em-°m≥ {i-an-°p-I-bpw, Km-V-am-bn Nn-¥n-°p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xm¬ am-{X-ta \n-߃-°p a-X-hn-j-b-ßfn¬ Iq-Sp-X¬ I-gn-hp t\-Sm≥ I-gn-bp-I-bp-≈q.

A-√m-lp \n-ß-sf A-\p-{K-ln-°-s´! du-k-Øp¬ D-eqw A-d-_n-t°m-tf-Ppw ^m-dq-Jp-tIm-tf-Ppw D-Ø-tcmØ-cw h-f-cp-I-bpw \o-Wmƒ hm-gv-I-bpw sN-ø-s´!

97

]n.-ap-l-ΩZv Ip´-t»cn

A_p- -_mlv auem\m aplΩZentbm-sSm∏w (Cu-Pn-]vXn¬ hnZym¿∞n-bmbncp∂-t∏mƒ)

duk-Øp¬ Depw Ad-_n-t°m-tfPv A[ym-]-I-tcm-sSm∏w (h-eØp \n∂v \mem-a-tØ-Xv)

98

t\Xr-kvarXn

auem\m A_p- -_mlv AlvaZv Aen

tkh\ {]h¿Ø-\-Øn¬ G¿s∏´ Ad_nt°mtfPv hnZym¿∞n-I-tfm-sSm∏w

CuPn-]vX≥ kmwkvIm-cnI kwLw t\Xmhv A_vZp¬ ap≥ Cw \an-dn\v tImtf-Pn¬ kzoI-cWw \¬In-b-t∏mƒ. heØv \n∂v c≠m-a-tØXv kn.-FOv.

a{Zmkv \yq tImtfPv {]n≥kn-∏mƒ A_vZp¬ hlm_v _pJm-cn-tbm-sSm∏w

99

]n.-ap-l-ΩZv Ip´-t»cn

a{Zmkv k¿Δ-I-em-ime sshkv Nm≥k-e-dm-bn-cp∂ F.-e-£vaW kzman apX-en-bm¿°v tImtf-Pn¬ kzoI-cWw \¬In-b-t∏mƒ. sI.Fw.-ko-Xn-km-ln-_v, tUm.-A-_vZp¬ lJv F∂n-h-scbpw ImWmw.

a{Zmkv apJy-a-{¥n, hnZym-`ymk a{¥n F∂n-h-tcm-sSm-∏w.

(C-SØv \n∂v H∂m-a-tØXv A_p- -_mlv, c≠m-a-tØXv koXn kmln-_v)

akvPn-Zp¬ Akvl¿

100

t\Xr-kvarXn

auem\m A_p- -_mlv AlvaZv Aen

cmPm-tK‰v (Im-º-kn-te-°p≈ {]th-i\ Ihm-Sw)

Ad-_n-t°m-tfPv sI´nSw

101

]n.-ap-l-ΩZv Ip´-t»cn

t\Xr-kvarXn 1.

k¿ kønZv AlvaZv Jm≥

100

Fw.sF. X߃

2

tIm´m¬ D∏n-km-ln-_v

40

sI.-]n.- Ip-™n-Ωqk

3. _n.- t]m-°¿ kmln_v

70

sI.-]n.- Ip-™n-Ωqk

4. sI.-Fw.-ko-Xn-km-ln_v

250

]n.- Jm-enZv

5. kønZv A_vZp-d-ln-am≥ _m^Jn X߃

170

Fw.-kn. -h-S-Ic

6. Sn.- D-ss_Zv

80

sI.- A-_q-_-°¿

7. auem\m A_p- -_mlv AlvaZv Aen

60

s{]m^. apl-ΩZv Ip´-t»cn

8. H.- B-_p

75

C{_mlnw t_hn©, kn.-Sn.-_-jo¿

9. h°w A_vZp¬ JmZ¿

60

F.-sI.- A-_vZp¬ aPoZv

10. ]n.-F.- skbvXp apl-Ω-Zv

75

Pam¬ sIm®-ßmSn

11. sI.-sI.- A_pkmln_v Sn.-]n.-Fw.- _-jo¿

Grace Educational Association Camp Sayyid, P.B.No.3, Malappuram (Dt). 676317 Mob: 9895114673, 9633902944 102

80