tNmtZym-Øcw apPo_v
bqØveoKv t\Xm-hns‚ km{am-PyXz Zmkyw ""Xo{h-hm-Zs- Ø-°p-dn®v ]d-bp-tºmƒ tIc-fØ - nse apkvenw kap-Zmbw Akμn-Kv[a- mbn AwKo-Icn-t°≠ Nne ]cam-¿Y-ßf - p-≠v. H∂m-aX - m-bn, tIc-fØ - nse apkvenw kap-Zm-bØ - nse Hcp kq£va\ - yq-\] - £w Xo{h-hm-ZØ - ns‚ ctWm-’pI-cY - y-If - n-te°v B\-bn-°s- ∏-´n-´p-≠v F∂-Xm-Wv. Hcp sNdnb hn`mKw apkvenw sNdp- ∏ - ° msc Xo{h- h m- Z n- I - f m- ° p- ∂ - X n¬ Xo{h- h m- Z m- i b- ß sf Hfn™pw sXfn™pw Bt«-jn-°p∂ Nne apkvenw kwL-S\ - I - ƒ- A\ntj[y-amb ]¶ph-ln-®n-´p-≠v. c≠m-aX - m-bn, AXn-i‡ - a- mb kmº-ØnI t{kmX- ns‚ ]n≥_ew Ch¿°p≠v F∂-Xm-Wv. tIc-fØ - ns‚ cmjv{Sob `qan-Ib - n¬ kPoh km∂n-[yamb apkvenw eoKns‚ apJ-]{Xw t]mepw ]e L´-ßf - n¬ kmº-Øn-Ia- mbn \n -lm-bm-hÿ - b - n-em-bt- ∏mƒ (C-t∏m-gpw) Xo{h-hmZ kwL-S\ - I - f - psS kmc-YyØn-ep≈ ]{X-߃°v ]W-Øn\v Ct∂-hsc Hcp ap´p-ap-≠m-bn-´n-√. FhnsS \n∂mWv Cu [\-{]-hmlw? ap≥ -C‚-en-P≥kv sF.-Pn-bm-bn-cp∂ tP°_v ]p∂qkv Hcn-°¬ ]d-™Xv tIc-fØ - n¬ 50,000 tImSn-bpsS lhm-e- ]-Wa- p-s≠∂m-Wv. CXn¬ 10 tImSn t]mepw Ct∂-hsc ]nSn-s®-Sp-ØX - mbn Adn-bn-√. Xo{hhm-ZØ - ns‚ thc-dp-°m≥ Xo{h-hm-Zn-If - psS kmº-ØnI Dd-hn-SØ - n-s‚bpw Xmbvthc-dp-°W - w. B Zni-bn¬ \ΩpsS t]meokv F¥mWv sNbvXn-´p-≈Xv? aq∂m-aX - m-bn, tIc-fØ - nse apkvenw-Is- f-t∏mse aX kzmX-{¥yhpw BhnjvImc kzmX-{¥yhpw Pohn-Xk - zm-X{- ¥yhpw A\p-`h - n-°p∂ apkvenw-Iƒ temIØnse GXp cmPy-Øp≠v F∂v apkvenw-Iƒ Bfl-]-cn-tim-[\ \S-Ø-Ww. apkvenw-Iƒ Cc-If - m-Wv, Ac-£n-Xc- mWv F∂v F≥.-Un.-F^pw ]n.-Un.-]nbpw PamAsØ Ckvem-anbpw am{X-a√ - , kn.-]n.Fw Xe-bn-te‰n \S-°p∂ Nne A¥- mc-hn-lo-\_ - p-≤n-Po-hn-Ifpw ]d™p \S-°p-∂p-≠v. tIc-fØ - nse apkvenw-Iƒ°v Cc-bpsS \n- l - m-bm-hÿbpan-√, th´-°m-cs‚ \nIr-jvSa- m-\k - n-Im-hÿ - b - p-an√. Ah¿ C¥y-bnse at‰Xv kwÿm-\sØ apkvenw-Is- f-°mfpw kpc-£n-Xhpw kzX-{¥hpw \nc¿`-bh - p-amb Pohn-Xa- mWv \bn-°p-∂X - v. Cu kXy-Øns‚ kv^SnI-Øn\p apI-fn-emWv Ac-£n-X-hm-Z-Øn-s‚bpw Cc-hm-Z-Øn-s‚bpw Imf-IqSw Nne¿ sNmcn-bp-∂X - v. \mem-aX - m-bn, CubnsS ]nSn-°s- ∏´ Xo{h-hm-Zn-Isf sh≈-]q-im-s\-t∂mWw c≠m-bn-c-Øn-]Øv
s^{_p-hcn Ccp]Øntbgv
CsXms° km{am-Py-Xz-˛^ - m-jnÃv Hfn-bP - ≠ - b - psS `mK-amWv F∂v \qdm-h¿Øn ]d-bp∂ kwL-S\ - I - ƒ apkvenw kaq-lØ - n-ep-≠v. Ah-cn¬ {][m-\n-Iƒ PamAsØ Ckvem-anbpw F≥.-Un.-F^pw ]n.-Un.-]n-bp-am-Wv. F¥p kw`-hn-®mepw km{am-Py-Xzw, ^mjn-kw, `c-WI - qS `oI-cX Fs∂ms°∏d™v Dcp-´n-s°m-SpØm¬ apkvenw kap-Zmbw AXv sh≈w tN¿°msX hngpßpw F∂ aqV-[mcW C°q-´¿ BZyw ssIsbm-gn-bW - w. Ch¿ a\- n-em-t°≠ Hcp- Imcyw, apkvenw kap-Zmbw Cu Xo{h-hm-Zn-If - psS _m[yX Gs‰-Sp-Øn-´n-√- F-∂X - mWv. apkvenw eoKpw \ZvhØ - p¬ apPm-lo-Zn\pw kakvX tIcf PwC-øØ - p¬ De-abpw AXmbXv apkvenw kap-Zm-bØ - nse alm-`q-cn-]£ - hpw Cu Xo{h-hm-Zn-Isf AK-WytIm-Sn-bn¬ X≈n-bn-t´-bp-≈q. Pam-AsØ Ckvem-an-sb-t∏mse aX-cm-jv{S-hmZw Db¿Øn-∏n-Sn-°p-∂, F∂m¬ "atX-Xc- \ - S- \'Øn¬ ÿnc-ambn "F' t{KUv t\Sp-∂ kwL-S\ - I - ƒ°mWv XSnb‚-hnS \ko-dn-s‚bpw k¿^-dmkv \hm-kn-s‚bpw ssk\p-±o≥ F∂ kØm¿ `mbn-bp-sSbpw kq^nb aAvZ\n-bp-sSbpw a‰pw Imcy-Øn¬ hymIp-eX - bpw thZ\-bpw. AsX-¥p-sIm-≠m-sW∂v Pam-AsØ Ckvem-an-bpsS Nn¥m-[m-cI - s- fbpw AXns‚ BXy-¥nI e£y-sØbpw (C-¥y-bn¬ Ckvem-anI `c-WI - qSw ÿm]n°p-I) ASp-Ød- n-™h - ¿°v {]tXyIw ]d-™p-sIm-Sp-t°-≠X - n√'' (sI.Fw jmPn, {]kn-U‚ v apkvenw bqØv eoKv, amXr-`qan Zn\-]{Xw 2010 s^{_p-hcn 2). apPo_ns‚ {]Xn-Ic- Ww? F.F tImgn-t°mSv kz¥w ]m¿´n-bpsS BZ¿i-cm-ln-Xyhpw ]m∏-cØ - hpw Ah-kc- h - m-Zhpw ad-®p-sh-°m\pw \ymbo-Icn-°m\pw \n¿_-‘n-X\ - mb apkvenw bqØveoKv t\Xmhn-s‚ s]m≈bmb hmZ-KX - n-If - mWv D]-cyp‡ teJ-\Ø - n-ep-S\ - o-fw. Ckvem-anI Xo{h-hm-Zs- a∂pw `oI-cX - s- b∂pw t]cn´v km{am-Py-Xz-Øn\pw ^mjn-kØ - n-\p-saXnsc kq[ocw s]mcp-Xp∂ BtKmf Ckvem-anI {]ÿm-\ß - sf `oI-ch - mZ ap{ZIpØn \in-∏n-°m-\p≈ Ata-cn-°≥ km{am-Py-hm-Zn-If - psSbpw Ah-cpsS C¥y≥ ]nWn-bm-fp-If - p-sSbpw A]-hmZ {]Nm-cW - ß - sf AtX-]Sn G‰p-]m-Sp∂ jmPn{]`rXnI-fn¬\n∂v as‰m∂v {]Xo-£n-®n´v Imcy-an-√. Ch¿s°¥v Ckvemw, apkvenw, km{am-PyXz hntcm[w? kap-Zmbw A[n-Im-c] - ¶ - m-fn-Øhpw kzm¿Y-Xm¬]cy-ßfpw t\Sn-sb-Sp-°m-\p≈ GWn-∏S- n-Iƒ am{Xw. AXn\v Xncn-®Sn t\cn-Sp-tºmƒ kap-Zm-b-ssbIy-Øns‚ a{¥-hp-ambn cwKØv hcpw. Imcyw t\Sn-bm¬ XßfpsS Xmf-Øn-s\mØv Xp≈mØ kwL-S\ - I - sf kmam\y kwkvImcw t]mep-an√msX IS-∂m{Ian-°pw, H‰p-sIm-Sp-°pw, ip≤ \n¿aXhmZn-Is- fbpw Acm-PI - X - zØns‚ {]Nm-cI - s- cbpw JmZn-bm-\n-Is- fbpw hsc Iq´p-]n-Sn-°pw. apl-ΩZv CkvamCu¬ kmln_pw A_vZp¿d-lvam≥ _m^Jn Xßfpw sI.Fw koXn kmln_p-sams° t\XrXzw \¬Inb Hcp ]m¿´n-bpsS C∂sØ KXn-tbm¿Øv klX-]n-°p-I-b-√msX F¥p sNøpw? apºv tIm¨{Kkv apkvenw-Iƒ, "tZiob apkvenw-Iƒ' F∂v kzbw t]cv hnfn-®v, apkvenw eoKn-s\bpw _m°n apkvenw-Isf-bp-sam-s°- h¿Kob apkvenw-If - mbn Nn{Xo-Ic- n® AtX ]X-\Ø - n-emWv C∂v ap\o¿, jmPn {]`r-Xn-Iƒ. Ah¿ am{Xw 24 Imc‰v atX-Xc- h - m-Zn-Iƒ; a‰p-≈h - sc√mw Xo{h-hm-Zn-If - pw. A°m-eØv "an\m¿' F∂-t]-cn¬ Hcm-\p-Im-enIw \SBbn-cØn \m\q‰n ap∏Ønsbm∂v
d_o-D¬ AΔ¬ ]Xn-aq∂v
Øn-bn-cp∂p, A_vZp√ apl-ΩZv. Hmtcm e°hpw sF.-_n°v th≠n apkvenw eoKns‚ kz`m-h-l-Xy-bm-bn-cp∂p D≈-S-°w. "Ben-_m-_bpw \m¬]Xv I≈∑mcpw Hcp Ckvem-anI Pam-AØ - m-sW-¶n¬ _m^Jn Xßfpw apkvenw eoKpw Hcp Ckvem-anI Pam-AØ - mWv' F∂v an\m-dn¬ Fgp-Xn-bXv ]tc-X\ - mb tUm. Fw. Dkvam-\m-bn-cp-∂p. "an\m¿' C∂n-√. A_vZp√ apl-ΩZv Dt≠m F - ∂ - d- n-bn-√. tUm. Dkvam\pw hnS-hm-ßn. ]Icw ap\o¿amcpw jmPn-amcpw D≠v. Ah¿ eoKns‚ t]cn¬ a‰p apkvenw kwL-S\ - I - f - psS t\sc "an\m-dn's‚ AtX [¿aw \nd-th-‰p∂p. ae-∏pdw Pn√ cq]-h-XvI-cWw AS-°-ap≈ kw`-h-ß-fn-se√mw apkvenw eoKns\ \n¿Øn-s∏m-cn® amXr-`qanbpap≠v Ch-cpsS Iq´n-\v. Pdq-it- e-ans‚ \m\mZn-°p-I-fn¬\n-s∂-Ønb PqX ]ptcm-ln-X-∑m¿ GI-kz-c-Øn¬ "tbip-hns\ {Iqin°' F∂v Bt{Im-in-®t- ]mse atX-Xc- X - z-Øns‚ PmS-bW - n™ kIe Ccp´ns‚ i‡n-Ifpw tN¿∂v Bt{Im-in-°p-I-bmWv "Pam-A-sØ- C-kvem-ansb {Iqin°.' ]t£ Ch¿ ad-∂p-t]mb Hcp kXyap≠v. Ign™ Bdv ]Xn-‰m-≠mbn aX-]p-tcm-ln-X∑ - m-cp-sSbpw atX-Xc- ° - m-cp-sSbpw aX-\n-cm-kn-If - p-sSbpw apgp-h≥ cq£-amb FXn¿∏p-Ifpw, `c-WI - q-SØ - ns‚ \ntcm-[ß - fpw XrW-h¬K-Wn-®mWv Ckvem-an-I {- ]-ÿm\w C∂pw Ch-cpsS Dd°w sISpØp∂ h - n[w hf¿∂-Xv. ap∏-Øn-aq∂p Znhkw XpS¿®-bmbn GsX-¶nepw ]{Xw GsX-¶nepw kwL-S\ - sb kz`m-hl - Xy \S-Ønb A\p-`h - a- p-s≠-¶n¬ AXv apkvenw eoKns‚ apJ-]{Xamb N{μnI Pam-AsØ Ckvem-an-sb-°p-dn®v \S-Øn-bX - m-Wv! F∂nt´m? XpS¿∂v \S∂ \nb- a - k `m sXc- s ™- S p- ∏ n¬ apkv e nw eoKv Ncn- { X- Ø n- e n- √ m- Ø tXm¬hnbmWv G‰p-hm-ßn-bX - v. ]n∂oSv kn.-]n.-FΩ - ns‚ `c-W] - c- m-Pb - hpw hn`mKo-bX - bpw ImcWw temIvk`m sXc-s™-Sp-∏n¬ P\-hn[n adn-®m-sb-¶n¬ AXv thsd Imcyw. ]t£ AXns‚ t]cn-ep≈ Al-¥°pw thWw Hcp ]cn-[n. jmPn{]-`r-Xn-Iƒ°v hnizm-ka- n√ F∂-Xp-sIm≠v am{Xw ssZh-\oXn ]pe-cmsX t]mhn√. C\n Btcm-]W - ß - ƒ°v adp-]Sn: 1. Fgp-]Xv h¿jsØ ]mc-ºc- y-ap≈ apkvenw eoKns‚ apJ-]{Xw ]e L´-ßf - n-embn kmº-Øn-Ia- mbn \n -lm-bm-hÿ - b - n-em-sb-¶n¬, Ct∏mgpw {]Xnk-‘n-bn-em-sW-¶n¬ AXv lhm-e∏ - W - w- In-´mØ Ipg-∏a- √ - . \S-Øn-∏ns‚ anSp°v sIm≠mWv. ]tc-Xc- mb kn.-F®v apl-ΩZv tImbbpw koXn lmPnbpw kwLhpw Fgp-]X - p-If - psS Ah-km-\Ø - n¬ N{μnI°v ^≠v tiJ-cn-°m≥ Kƒ^n¬ h∂ncp-∂p. A∂-h¿ ]c-ky-ambn ]d-™Xv Zp¿`-cWw aqew N{μnI ]m∏-cmbn F∂mWv. Sn.]n Ip´ymap kmln_v amt\-PnwKv FUn-‰d- m-bn-cp-∂t- ∏mƒ thZ-\t- bmsS A\p-kvac- n® Imcyw: eoKv t\Xm-°ƒ°v hsc N{μnI th≠, ]ns∂ a‰p-≈h - cpsS Imcyw? XnI™ k¶p-NnX ]m¿´n cmjv{So-bØ - n-ancw aqew F¥pw Bsc°p-dn®pw Fgp-Xm-sa∂pw {]Xn-tbm-Kn-Is- f∂v Icp-Xp-∂h - sc Fß-s\bpw B{Ian-°m-sa∂pw kXyw Hcp Imc-W-h-imepw A®-Sn-®p-Iq-sS∂pw \n›-bn® Hcp ]{Xw kz¥-°m¿°v t]mepw th≠m-Xm-bX - n¬ F¥-¤pXw! lhm-eb - m-bn-´m-sW¶nepw t\cmw hÆ-am-sW-¶nepw N{μn-I°v F{X XhW ^≠v kam-lc- n®p? F√mw FhnsS t]mbn? Xe-t»cn Iem] ^≠n\pw KpP-dmØv ^≠n\pw a‰p ]e ^≠v ]ncn-hp-Iƒ°p-ap-≠mb KXn-Xs∂ N{μnI ^≠n\pw kw`-hn®p F∂v kΩ-Xn-°e - t√ am\yX? 1969 HIvtSm-_d- nse AlvaZ- m-_mZv Iem-]s- Ø-Øp-S¿∂v c≠m-bn-c-Øn-]Øv
s^{_p-hcn Ccp]Øntbgv
apkvenw eoKv Zpcn-Xm-izmk ^≠v tiJ-cn-®p. {Im¥-Z¿in-bmb A_vZp¿d-lvam≥ _mJ^n X߃ XpI apgp-h≥ Pam-AsØ Ckvem-ansb G¬]n® kw`hw jmPn-°d- n-bn-√. ]t£, Adn-bp-∂h - ¿ eoKn-ep-≠m-hpw. tP°_v ]p∂qkv shfns∏-Sp-Ønb 50,000 tImSn-bpsS lhme ]Ww B¿°v In´n F∂-Xn-\-°p-dn®v kXy-k‘ - a- mbn At\z-jWw \S-°s- ´. At\z-jW dnt∏m¿´v hcp-tºmƒ- B-cpsS-sbms° apJw Icp-hm-fn°pw F∂-dn-bm-at- √m. ]W-®m-°p-Ifpw hyh-kmb {]ap-Jcpw th≠-{X-bp≈ eoKns‚ ]{Xw Zp¿`-cWw aqew kmº-ØnI {]Xn-k‘n-bn-em-bX - n\v a‰p ]{X-߃ F¥p ]ng®p? 2. tIc-fØ - nse apkvenw-Iƒ kpc-£n-Xc- s- √∂v Bcpw ]d-™n-√. AhcpsS PohnXw \n¿`-ba- √ F∂pw hmZn-®n-√. ]t£, tIcfw C¥ym alm-cm-PyØns‚ `mK-am-Wv. Z¬ln-bnepw KpP-dm-Ønepw _olm-dnepw alm-cm-jv{S-bn-epsams° \S-°p-∂Xv tIc-fØ - nse apkvenw-Isf thZ-\n-∏n-°p-∂p. `K¬]qcn¬ kzk-tlm-Zc- ß - ƒ Iq-´s- °me sNø-s∏-´mepw bp.-]n-bn¬ _m_cn akvPnZv XI¿°s∏-´mepw KpP-dm-Øn¬ \tc-{μ-tamUn Xmfihw \S-Øn-bmepw apkvenw eoKns\-t∏mse H´-I∏ - £n-bm-hm≥ Ah¿°v hø. A[n-Imc \jvSw `b∂v a\p-jymh-Imi ewL-\-ß-fpsS t\sc IÆS-°m\pw Ah¿°m-hn-√. Ahn-sS-bmWv {]iv\w. CØcw AXym-Nm-cß - sf sh≈-]q-ip-Itbm \n m-ch - X - vIc- n-°p-Itbm sNøp∂ ]m¿´n-Ifpw am[y-aß - fpw kzm`m-hn-Ia- mbpw eoKns\ hmgvØp∂p. ]mW°mSv Xß-fn-s√-¶n¬ tIc-fØ - nse Ahÿ F¥m-hp-am-bn-cp∂p F∂v apX-e° - Æo-scm-gp-°p-tºmƒ apkvenw eoKv sh´n¬ hogp-∂p. tImgn-t°ms´ kvt^mS-\w, If-at- »cn _kv IØn°¬ t]mse-bp≈ H‰-s∏´ Nne kw`-hß - ƒ D≠m-hptºmƒ tIc-fa- msI Iivao-cm-bn, Xo{h-hm-Zn-If - psS ]dp-Zo-kb - mbn F∂v apJy[mcm am[y-aß - ƒ Iq´- \ne-hnfn Db¿Øp-w. kXy-k‘amb Hc-t\z-jWw t]mepw \S-°p-∂X - n\v apºv {]XntbmKnIsf ASn-°m≥ In´nb hSn-bmbn eoKv AXns\ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p. CXns‚ `hn-jyØv Hcp kap-Zmbw H∂-S¶w th´-bm-S∏ - S- p-Ibm-sW∂ Xncn-®d- nhv t]mepw Ah¿°v \jvSs- ∏-Sp-Ib - m-Wv. Gsd tImem-le - a- pb¿∂ "eu PnlmZv' Ct∏mƒ F¥mbn? aAvZ\nbpw `mcy kq^n-bbpw A¥mcmjv{S `oI-cX - b - psS IÆn-If - m-sW∂v Btcm-]n-°p∂ AtX am[y-aß - ƒ, Xßsf hmgvØs- ∏-´h - c- mbn {]Jym-]n-°p-tºmƒ AXn-eS- ß - nb NXn-°pgn t]mepw apkvenw eoKn\v {]iv\a- √ - . tIc-fØ - nse apkvenw-Iƒ kam-[m\ {]nb-cm-Wv. Ahsc Ac£n-Xc- m-°m-\p≈ Xo{h-bX - v\Ø - n-emWv am[y-aß - fpw ^mjn-Ãp-Ifpw Ah-tcmsSm∏w \n¬°p-∂h - c- pw. AXmWv Xm\pw bYm¿Y {]iv\w. 3. km{am-PyXzw BtKm-fm-Sn-ÿm-\Ø - n¬ apkvenw temI-Øn\pw apkvenwIƒ°pw Ckvem-an-I {- ]-ÿm-\ß - ƒ°pw apJy `oj-Wn-bm-Wv. AXv Xncn-®d- nbm≥ t]mepw Ign-bmsX km{am-Py-Xz-Øn\v ]mZ-tk-h sNøp∂h-cpsS IqSm-cØn-emWv apkvenw eoKv \n¿-`m-Ky-hi - m¬ sNs∂-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂X - v. BW-h° - cm¿ H∏n-´t- ∏mgpw Cdm-s\-Xn-cmb D]-tcm-[Ø - nepw C{k-tb-ens‚ Nmc D]-{Klw {iol-cn-t°m-´b - n¬\n∂v hnt£-]n-®t- ∏m-gp-sa√mw AXv {]-IS- a- mbn. ]q®-bpsS hm¬ AΩn-bpsS Nph-´n-em-Wv. C\n e÷m-Ic- amb km{am-PyXz ZmkysØ \ymboI-cn-°p-Itb \nhr-Øn-bp-≈q. ]t£ Cu \ne-]m-Sp-If - p-ambn tZio-bm-Sn-ÿm-\Øn¬ eoKns\ hf¿Øm\pw hym]n-∏n-°m\pw ]pd-s∏-´m¬ F¥m-hp-sa∂v ImWmBbn-cØn \m\q‰n ap∏Ønsbm∂v
d_o-D¬ AΔ¬ ]Xn-aq∂v
\n-cn-°p-t∂-bp-≈q. apkvenw kap-Zmbw km{am-Py-Xz-hn-tcm[w F∂pw Gs‰-Sp-Øn-´p-≠v, C∂pw AtX. A^vKm≥, Cdm-Jv, ^e-kvXzo≥ bp≤ kμ¿`-ß-fn¬ AXv I-≠p. CsXm∂pw \ΩpsS {]iv\a- √ - , amebpw dmØo_pw auenZpw Pn∂pw knlvdpamWv auenI {]iv\ß - s- f∂v ]d™p \S-°p∂ aX kwL-S\ - I - f - mWv eoKn\v Bh-iy-sa∂v Adn-bmw. ]cn-k-c-t_m-[-an-√m-Ø, {]Xn-I-c-W-tijn \jvS-s∏´ Ip™m-Sp-Isf IqsS \n¿Øn-bm¬ iey-an-√t- √m. ]t£, tIc-fØ - ns‚ apkvenw a\ v F°m-eØpw km{am-PyXz, ^mjnk hncp≤amWv. t]m¿®p-Ko-kp-Im-cpsS Imew apX¬ AX-ßs\bmWv. ]Xn-\memw temIvk`m sXc-s™-Sp-∏nepw AXh¿ ]®-bmbn {]I-Sn-∏n-®p. apkvenw eoKv AXns‚ in£bpw A\p-`h - n-®p. km{amPy-Xz ^mjnÃv hncp≤ a\ v apkvenw-If - n¬ D≠m-°n-bXv Pam-AsØ Ckveman BsW-¶n¬ {]ÿm-\Ø - n-\X - n¬ A`n-am-\t- a-bp-≈q. 4. C¥y≥ Pam-AsØ Ckveman aX-\n-cmk]c-amb atX-Xc- X - zsØ F∂pw FXn¿Øn-´p-≠v. C\nbpw F-Xn-¿° - pw. aX-\n-ct- ]-£X - sb F∂pw-A\ - p-Iqen-®n-´p-≠v, C∂pw A\p-Iq-en-°p∂p. F∂m¬ atX-Xc- Xz ]pØ≥Iq-‰p-Im-cp-sS thjw sI´n-bm-Sm≥ Pam-AØ - n\m-hn-√. A°m-cy-Øn¬ t{KUpw th≠, ]mkv am¿°pw th≠. XSnb‚-hnS \ko-dm-bmepw kq^nb aAvZ\n-bm-bmepw A-hcpsS Imcy-Øn¬ \nb-ah - mgvN ]pe-cW - s- a∂pw \oXn \S-∏m-hW - s- a∂pw Ip-‰h - mfn-Iƒ in£n-°s- ∏-SW - s- a∂pw tÉv `oI-cX - bpw am[ya `o-Ic- X - bpw Ah-km-\n∏n-°-W-sa∂pw Pam-AØv ]d-™n-´p-≠v. C\nbpw ]d-bpw. BZ¿i-]m-∏-c-ØØns‚ Poh-\p≈ amXr-II - ƒ°v AXv a\- n-em-hn-√, Imew Ahsc ]Tn-∏n-°pthm-fw.
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