Asian Conference on Interdisciplinary Research 2017 Book of Abstracts

Asian Conference on Interdisciplinary Research 2017

ii

Asian Society of Teachers vfor Research, Inc.

880 individual members as of September 6, 2017

VISION

We are an Asian Organization devoted to the advancement of pedagogy in the teaching of research in all academic levels.

MISSION

We commit to design course syllabus in research that prepares students for publication of their thesis/ dissertation; produce institutional materials for effective teaching and learning; to exchange best practices in teaching research; organize conferences that promotes new knowledge and best practices; and recognize teachers who excelled in research instruction.

http://aseanresearch.org/astr www.facebook.com/astr2016

https://www.linkedin.com/company/13355295/

https://issuu.com/astr2016

The Mansion Resort Hotel & Spa, Bali, Indonesia ¡ September 15-17, 2017

PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE

Greetings!

It is an honor and privilege to serve as the Honorary President of the Asian Society of Teachers for Research (ASTR) since its inception. I am humbled and deeply grateful to the members and the office bearers to Mr Russel B. Obsioma, Corporate Secretary for providing me this opportunity.

Our vision is to be the best organization that devoted to the advancement of pedagogy in the teaching of research in all academic levels. We commit to design course syllabus in research that prepares students for publication their thesis / dissertation, produce institutional materials for effective teaching and learning, exchange best practices in teaching research, organize conferences that promotes new knowledge and best practices and recognize teacher who excelled in research institution.

I welcome all new ASTR members to our Society. I am looking forward to working with all of you for the quality improvement of teaching and enhancement of research specifically in Asian region and wish to integrate them with the rest of the world!

Sincerely,

Gaurang Rami, Ph.D. Veer Namad South Gujarat University, India Asian Society of Teachers for Research (ASTR) President

Theme: Sustainable and Regenerative Development for Personal, Organizational and Community Wellness through Interdisciplinary Research

Asian Conference on Interdisciplinary Research 2017

I am proud to note that with your kind cooperation and active support during one year of time, we already have 500 members from the different higher education institutions in Asia. Our priorities are to strengthen the membership of ASTR and serve our members and our community as best we can.

1

MESSAGE

Asian Conference on Interdisciplinary Research 2017

It is truly a pleasure and opportunity to share Bali with you for this year’s Asian Conference on Interdisciplinary Research (ACIR 2017) organized by the Asian Society of Teachers for Research on September 15th-17th, 2017. If you have a passion for research and find sharing knowledge as an initiation and investigation of self-discovery, then WOW Bali’s advocacy on “action research” in this year’s ACIR is the perfect paradise! Bali is also known as the “Island of the Gods” where great insights and inspirations are nurtured by the sacredness of the living culture and the lush energetic environment.

2

This year’s theme, “Sustainable and Regenerative Development (easy-to-do and simple-to-share) for Personal, Organizational and Community Wellness through Interdisciplinary Research”, is timely and globally appropriate for addressing the worldwide issues of sustainability. Our worst problems in sustainable development are not due to the lack of technology and/or resources to sustain eight billion people in the planet, but due to the simple fact that we cannot holistically share. This is why WOW Bali’s regenerative approach based on Bali’s living culture of Tri Hita Karana, a thousand-year old philosophy via the three paths toward harmony: people to people, people to nature, and people to God, has the best adaptive processes. The Balinese have exemplified a thriving living culture with celebrations and sacredness all the way up to the 21st century; even without money in their pockets, working barefoot in the rice fields just one generations ago. This proven-successful “people-centered” philosophy has been broken down into a regenerative framework for modern adaptations which we have coined as ‘WOW Dynamics’, recently published in JPAIR Multidisciplinary Research, a joint publication of 111 colleges and universities. The WOWs of personal, organizational, and community wellness is an important theme for our society to be able to connect, inspire and co-create solutions for sustainable and regenerative living and learning.

The WOW of processes within interdisciplinary modalities plays a huge part in today’s research because we have realized that it takes more than one discipline to WOW us and to solve complex global issues. Leading researches show that transdisciplinary research naturally brings us closer to the dynamics of sustainability, even more so into a regenerative nature that transcends all disciplines as found in ecological biodiversity. With today’s top developments in research, such as Open Access, we are encouraged not only to share our findings and discoveries, but more importantly to fulfill a growing demand for translational research. These are the action research components necessary to define new interdisciplinary dynamics that transcend research towards optimum human transformation and development. Beyond the logical and literal processes typical to orthodox research, methodologies that explore emotional and multiple intelligences have to be re-examined and reverse-engineered for optimum regenerative dynamics in order for real change to happen. What this means for today’s researchers is that we now have new opportunities to refine our studies to be more accessible and to connect better with the greater needs of the public at large—a new translational dynamics for optimum development; in short, inspiring new changemakers. As Chair of this year’s Asian Conference on Interdisciplinary Research, I am honored to connect, inspire and co-create with such beautiful minds for a more abundant future for the planet!

CHEERS!

Prof. Hai Dai Nguyen Conference Chair Asian Conference on Interdisciplinary Research 2017 WOW Bali International Initiative Yayasan Global Banjar Internasional

The Mansion Resort Hotel & Spa, Bali, Indonesia · September 15-17, 2017

MESSAGE

ATTY. FERDINAND S. NICOLAS University President Northwestern University Philippines

Asian Conference on Interdisciplinary Research 2017

It is an honor and privilege to co-host the Asian Conference on Interdisciplinary Research 2017 together with the Asian Society of Teachers for Research, Wow Bali Global Initiative and Dwijendra University. We readily recognize research as a powerful tool for productivity and progress. Therefore, more and more people must be empowered to conduct research in order to address local and regional issues and concerns and discover solutions to alleviate or resolve them.

That is why Northwestern University is proud to be able to contribute its works in the hopes that other researchers may perhaps gain new insights in dealing with issues relevant to their stakeholders. We hope that the abstracts collected in this book can be widely disseminated providing more information and solutions to the body of knowledge for a brighter and better future for everyone.

3

Theme: Sustainable and Regenerative Development for Personal, Organizational and Community Wellness through Interdisciplinary Research

MESSAGE Republic of the Philippines AUTONOMOUS REGION IN MUSLIM MINDANAO COMMISSION ON HIGHER EDUCATION Bangsamoro People’s Complex, Cotabato City, PHILIPPINES Assalamu alaykum wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuh.

Asian Conference on Interdisciplinary Research 2017

The Commission on Higher Education of the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) in the Philippines gratefully extends its warmest congratulations to the organizers, speakers, researchers, presenters and delegates of the historic Asian Conference on Interdisciplinary Research (ACIR 2017) on September 15-17, 2017 at the worldfamous City of Bali, Indonesia.

4

We commend the organizers of ACIR 2017—the Asian Society for Teachers of Research, Inc. (ASTR), as well as the WOW Bali Global Initiative with Prof. Hai Dai Nguyen as Conference Chair, Dwijendra University and Northwestern University for co-hosting the Conference. Indeed, partnerships amongst research institutions will ultimately produce scientific results and generate new knowledge for the benefit of humankind, in shaa Allah/God willing.

We fully support ASTR and ACIR 2017 and wish you good luck. With your theme Sustainable and Regenerative Development for Personal, Organizational and Community Wellness through Interdisciplinary Research coupled with your five conference aims, we are one with you in your lifelong journey and unending thirst for collaborations among researchers for holistic development, peace and progress of all peoples of the world.

Again, our heartfelt felicitations and support to ASTR and ACIR 2017!

Wassalamu alaykum wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuh.

For the CHED-ARMM:

The Mansion Resort Hotel & Spa, Bali, Indonesia · September 15-17, 2017

MESSAGE

Dear respected professors and academic dignitaries,

This is the purpose of Tri Hita Karana, the three harmonious paths of people to people, people to nature and people to what is divine!

Wariga science dates back to the origin of the Balinese people, with its renowned calendar for bringing abundance to the farmers so they know when, how, why and where to connect, inspire and co-create prosperity.

This ancient science is now re-adapted for global business, relationships and personal alignment based on nature. Our collaborations via our new world class “Action Research” Center with WOW Bali is intended to connect relationships at the individual wellness level and empower one’s own creative autonomy for self-directed personal transformative leadership. Only then can we aspire to succeed by exemplifying to others how to live harmoniously in prosperity and abundance.

With deep commitments in prayers for all of our efforts, I know our success will benefit all sentient beings and those from whom we have received the opportunities to share.

Om Shanti Shanti Shanti Om,

Ratu Pedanda I Nyoman Temuku Balinese High Priest and Founder of Wariga Belog Advisor to WOW Bali

Theme: Sustainable and Regenerative Development for Personal, Organizational and Community Wellness through Interdisciplinary Research

Asian Conference on Interdisciplinary Research 2017

I, Ratu, Pedanda I Nyoman Tumuku, am proud to be in partnership with WOW Bali and in collaboration with the Asian Society of Teachers for Research, Inc. at the Asian Conference on Interdisciplinary Research (ACIR 2017) in the creation of a prosperous planet.

I am the founder of Wariga Belog, a human behavior environmental science framework and organization which is based on a thousand yearold culture and philosophy, Tri Hita Karana. I feel that it is great global alignment for such efforts in developing partnerships and alliances at the international and collaborative network level to sustain and regenerate personal (first) then, towards our organizational and community wellness.

5

ACIR 2017 Conference Program Theme: “Sustainable and Regenerative Development for Personal, Organizational and Community Wellness through Interdisciplinary Research” DAY 0 • September 14, 2017

11:46 – 1:00p.m.

12:00-5:00pm

1:01 – 5:10p.m.

8:00-12:00 nn

Arrival of Participants

Asian Conference on Interdisciplinary Research 2017

6

9:01 – 9:30 a.m.

9: 31 – 9:45a.m.

8:01 – 9:00a.m.

Registration

Registration

12:21 – 1:00p.m.

LUNCHBREAK/ Video/Photo Stream of Initial Conference Experiences

Opening Ceremony and Balinese Ritual: Ratu Ida Pedanda Nyoman Temuku National Anthem of the Republic of the Philippines National Anthem of Indonesia National Anthem of India

Presentation of Co-hosts, Balinese Partners and Conference Participants and Declaration of the Opening of the Conference Mr. Russel B. Obsioma Corporate Secretary Asian Society of Teachers for Research, Inc.

9: 46 – 10:00 a.m. Bali Declaration: Synthesis of Abstracts Miss Kim Dyan A. Calderon Senior Researcher WOW Bali International Initiative Yayasan Global Banjar Internasional 10:01– 10:05 a.m.

10:06-10:45 a.m.

10:46 -11:00 a.m 11:01 -11:05 a.m 11:06 -11:45 a.m

Research Paper Presentations

Registration for Kits Distribution and Balinese Experience of Ecotourism, Interaction with Local Communities and Scholars, Savoring the WOW Bali Model of Regenerative Development

DAY 1 • September 15, 2017 8:01 – 9:00a.m.

BALINESE BUFFET AND EATING CEREMONY

Introduction of Keynote Speaker 1

Keynote Speech Prof. Hai Dai Nguyen WOW Bali International Initiative Yayasan Global Banjar Internasional Conference Chair Asian Conference on Interdisciplinary Research 2017 Awarding Ceremony Best Abstract Award Best Paper Award

Introduction of Plenary Speaker 1

Plenary Speech Marietta Dompor Biliran, PhD Trainserv International Development Inc. Philippines Title of Paper: Analyses of Environmental Stewardship Awareness and Conditions of Riparian Communities of Loboc, Bohol, Philippines

DAY 2 • September 16, 2017 9:01-12:20 p.m

1:01 – 2:30 p.m.

2:31-3:30 p.m.

3:31– 3:35 p.m.

3:36-4:00 p.m.

4:01-4:30 p.m.

4:31-4:50 p.m.

4:51-5:00 p.m.

6:00-7:00 pm

Research Paper Presentations

Research Paper Presentations

Collaborative Workshop of Interdisciplinary Research Prof. Hai Dai Nguyen and Miss Kim Dyan A. Calderon Facilitators WOW Bali International Initiative Yayasan Global Banjar Internasional Introduction of Keynote Speaker 2

Keynote Speech

Experiential Sharing of the Bali Integration and Synthesis of International Collaborations

Awarding Ceremonies Best Oral Presenter Award Awarding of Certificates to the Participants

Closing Remarks Lori Marseli L. De Castro, PhD Academic Consultant Director, Center for Research and Development Northwestern University

Grand Pictorial Social Night and Dinner Creative Performance by Balinese Artists (Cultural Fusion)

Day 3 • September 17, 2017

Individual exploration of Bali; Balinese Experience of Ecotourism, interaction with local communities and scholars Departure of Participants

The Mansion Resort Hotel & Spa, Bali, Indonesia · September 15-17, 2017

AWARDEES BEST ABSTRACT with Asian Perspective Organizational Citizenship Behavior among Montfortian Teachers: A Cross National Comparative Study in Asia BRO.DR. I. ARUL RAYAN Montfort Academy Philippines

BEST ABSTRACT on the Conference Theme Interdisciplinary and Sustainable Integrated Organic Farm Improves Inservice Teachers’ Efficacy in Teaching Outdoor Science

Asian Conference on Interdisciplinary Research 2017

A. JESU KULANDAI RAJ Loyola College India

7 JOJI D. LINAUGO

Department of Education, Division of Negros Occidental , Philippines

BEST PAPER AWARD Internship Abroad: Cultural Awareness and Experiences of Bachelor of Science in Hospitality Management Students

LEANE ADELE L. LINAUGO La Consolacion College Bacolod Philippines

Theme: Sustainable and Regenerative Development for Personal, Organizational and Community Wellness through Interdisciplinary Research

Asian Conference on Interdisciplinary Research 2017

Keynote Speaker

8

Prof. Hai Dai Nguyen WOW Bali International Initiative Yayasan Global Banjar Internasional

Prof. Hai Dai Nguyen finished his degree in Design Communications in the San Jose State University, an American university known to be the top school preferred by Silicon Valley.

With his outgoing personality, passion for creativity and penchant for the arts, sciences and technology, his career started as a pioneer of the multimedia arts. His research interests centers on sustainable development via cognitive studies, multiple intelligences, and technology; undertakings fortified by his 15 years in the quest for excellence.

His involvement in sustainability research brought him to Indonesia where he co-founded Wow Bali in 2012. Together with community stakeholders in Bali, he established the Yayasan Global Banjar Internasional to share human-centered design; action research (active learning) and practices on sustainability and regenerative development (easy-to-do, simple-to-share).

He has presented at the United Nations World Tourism Organization-Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, Asian Productivity Organization, World Agroforestry Centre, The Forum for East Asia-Latin America Cooperation, ASEAN Centre for Biodiversity, among others. Advocating sustainable tourism, he consulted for numerous five star hotels and resorts and lectured at Universities and schools on ‘Sustainable Dynamics’ and continues to spiral towards new sustainable dynamic solutions for a more holistic and ecological lifestyle.

His advocacy coupled by his efforts on sustainability and regenerative development is a testament of research creating an impact.

The Mansion Resort Hotel & Spa, Bali, Indonesia ¡ September 15-17, 2017

PLENARY PAPER Analyses of Environmental Stewardship Awareness and Conditions of Riparian Communities of Loboc, Bohol, Philippines MARIETTA DOMPOR BILIRAN http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9056-6013 maietbiliran.trainservid@yahoo.com Trainserv International Development, Inc. Philippines

Keywords: Ecology and conservation, environmental stewards, personal capital, human agency capital, social capital, riparian condition awareness, descriptive-evaluative design, survey, naturalistic observation, Philippines

Theme: Sustainable and Regenerative Development for Personal, Organizational and Community Wellness through Interdisciplinary Research

Asian Conference on Interdisciplinary Research 2017

This study was a seven– component exploratory analyses of environmental stewardship awareness and conditions of riparian communities. The components referred to were personal capital, human agency capital, social capital, and environmental resources in relation to the respondents’ awareness of the conditions of the riparian resources, particularly, flora-fauna-water flow and quality-habitat vegetation and stability. It adopted a descriptive-evaluative design, using two subtypes, the survey and naturalistic observation, involving 296 scientifically-drawn samples out of 6,891 registered-voter-residents of the Loboc riparian downstream communities. Findings were that the Loboc riparian community residents own particular levels of personal, human agency, social, and environmental resource capitals, which are basic requisites to forming responsible stewards of their natural environment. The personal and human agency capitals of the respondents were shown in the sense that majority of them belonged to the working age group. They were either government or privately employed. Most were married with average 3-4 children and were part of single households / nuclear families. The respondents hardly earned above the poverty threshold. Almost all of the respondents were Catholics and born again Christians. Majority of the respondents were formally educated, given that they were high school graduates, with a good number of college undergraduates and graduates, and Masteral degree holders. Despite their material poverty, the respondents rated themselves high in two factors of human agency, namely: quality of life and subjective wellbeing. Most of the respondents believed that extreme poverty in the riparian communities of Loboc may be resolved, a little-to-somewhat-and-even-to-a-great extent, in five years time (by year 2021-2022). They rated high in all 7 components of social capital, namely groups and networks membership, trust and solidarity, social cohesion and inclusion, access to information and communication, collective action, degree of empowerment and political action, and economic performance. Spearman rho tests showed that hardly were there significant correlations between the respondents’ personal, human agency, and social capitals and their awareness of the conditions of the riparian ecosystems. Majority of the respondents assessed their community ecosystems as good. A little more than a simple majority of the respondents shared at least one conceptual personal contribution to protect and conserve their ecosystems, with planting trees topping the list. However, the assessment by the watershed management experts indicated that the flora, fauna, water flow and quality, and habitat vegetation and stability of the riparian downstream communities of Loboc were in a poor state and endangered. In comparing the observations of the respondents and that of the experts, the Mann Whitney - U test indicated that the riparian condition assessments of these two groups, differed significantly. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed that the assessment of riparian environmental conditions by three groups namely the 14 downstream communities as one group, the reference/ community leaders’ group, and the watershed management experts group, were significantly different. The results of the study were meant to contribute to the formulation of the Loboc Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) as well as the town’s Forest Land Use Plan. Further, the findings were to serve as a good reference in operationalizing at the village-level, the principles of Laudato Si, the encyclical by Pope Francis, on Caring for Our Common Home. Finally, the findings were to provide the baseline data needed for the formulation and implementation of an all-stakeholders community-driven riparian stewardship development program that other watershed communities in Bohol, if not in the ASEAN countries, may learn from.

9

Synthesis of abstracts

By Kim Dyan A. Calderon Senior Researcher WOW Bali International Initiative Yayasan Global Banjar Internasional

S

Asian Conference on Interdisciplinary Research 2017

ustainable development is the defining challenge of the 21st century. How can we ensure harmonious and prosperous social functioning amidst ecological and economic decline? With a challenge so complex, what do we have to offer as scientists, scholars, practitioners, artists, and teachers of research in driving forward the universal imperative of advancing sustainable human development? What contribution are we making in the flourishing of individual human persons, organizations, and communities?

10

Tackling sustainability issues requires people from diverse disciplines and scientific backgrounds to come together. The Asian Conference on Interdisciplinary Research (ACIR) 2017, organized by the Asian Society of Teachers for Research in collaboration with WOW Bali, Universitas Dwijendra, and Northwestern University, aims to do just that: discuss about sustainable regenerative developments in the spirit of togetherness. From a roster of seventy (70) submissions, twenty-four (24) researchers sustained through the acceptance process for a chance to regenerate the results of their studies, to forge partnerships, collaborations, and alliances to foster interdisciplinary research in Bali, Indonesia.

Sustainable and Creative Indigenous Cultures We begin with research efforts that explored indigenous peoples and cultural communities with the hope of sustaining their vibrant and unique identities.

Ethnographies showing the dynamics of indigenous knowledge systems in Northern Philippines presented to us a glimpse of an ancient consciousness that transcended through time. Indigenous practices in natural resource management were the focus of these studies—a manifestation of a spiritual worldview of human-nature interconnectedness that we can embody in everyday life.

A descriptive-correlational research studied the influence of modern education on the socio-cultural and economic development of an indigenous cultural community in Southern Philippines. Through a qualitative-ethnography, one researcher analyzed how a local customary dance reflected socio-cultural dynamics and portrayed the role of women in the Philippine’s colonial past, and how such traditional practice has echoed socio-political disparities until the present. One of the researches on indigenous tribes in Southern Philippines used descriptive-normative design to describe how they use different indigenous instruments to create music performed in various ritual, dances, and festivities. Using discography, the music produced by the different indigenous instruments were recorded.

Fast forward to the new millennium, in which ideas travel in the speed of light, one researcher shares with us his paper that interprets the songs of a local artist using meme-based approach as a means of demonstrating traditional referentiality and evoking shared memories and sense of place. If we are to talk about regenerative development and we aim to replicate transformative ideas that can shape our future, much can be gleaned from this study.

Local Community-based Sustainable Development Practices Although sustainable development is a global concern, it nonetheless demands local actions seeking to address social, economic and environmental sustainability issues. Among the researches under this theme, an evaluation of a skills training program provided by a college studied the impacts of this capacity building intervention on the socio-economic aspects of the beneficiaries’ personal and social life. A number of researches delved on communitybased solutions to complex ecological issues of climate change, forest management, environmental education, and the need for ecological conservation.

One study explored the climate change awareness of local leaders with the hope of shaping policies and actions towards the implementation of localized projects that seek to address adverse impacts of a changing climate. In a case study conducted in Northern Philippines, the climate change adaptation strategies of selected coastal communities were subjected to economic analysis to determine cost-effectiveness. In Central Philippines, one study analyzed several components of environmental stewardship awareness and conditions in riparian communities. This research would serve as baseline reference in the design and implementation of a community-driven development intervention to regenerate the local watershed and river ecosystem.

A study assessed the outcomes of a community-based forest management program vis-a-vis people’s participation to determine the social benefits gained from the program. One study showcased an interdisciplinary and sustainable authentic learning model for teaching ecology and environmental science— bringing the students outdoors. This case study also documented the transformation and evolution of an integrated organic farm as an effective substitute to the classroom to show that environmental education is experiential and therefore action-oriented.

Wellbeing within Organizations Organizations are a perfect locus of sustainable transformations in which creative collaborations take place. A number of studies examined important concepts of organizational citizenship, change management, and sustainable resource generation strategies in the educational setting, specifically in higher education institutions. Through comparative study of teachers of Montfort Academy in five Asian countries, descriptive-correlational method was used to explore the relationships of organizational citizenship behavior, perceived organizational support, and employee commitment. Quantitative research on change management sought to unravel the associations between important variables such as employee involvement, change readiness antecedents,

The Mansion Resort Hotel & Spa, Bali, Indonesia · September 15-17, 2017

and change response in order to design an effective change management strategy. One study determined the resource generation challenges and strategies through a descriptive-qualitative approach, drawing relevant lessons in developing and sustaining entrepreneurial ventures within a state-owned educational institution. These researches potentially inform us on how to navigate within organizational dynamics through creative collaborations and leveraging the forces and properties of different stakeholders which naturally inspire harmonious people-to-people relationships.

Towards Creative Learning in Educational Research • Experiential Learning in Hospitality and Tourism Management Three studies in hospitality and tourism education were conducted using qualitative research design through narrative inquiry. The researchers examined the learning perspectives of students in managing and joining domestic educational tours, as well as the cultural awareness and experiences gained by students through internships overseas. Various themes emerged from each of the studies, which shed light on the students’ experiential learning capacities.

• Gender Mainstreaming in the Education Sector A study that seeks to contribute to the effective communication of sexuality education was undertaken through case study of teenage students. In another paper, content analysis was used to investigate the gender sensitivity and responsiveness of curricula in a higher education institution. Both researches help promote a change in young people’s perspectives and attitudes towards personal wellness and their relationships with others.

• Strategies for Academic Performance of Learners Both quantitative and qualitative methods of research were used to investigate the dynamics of competency-based skills mastery and academic performance in different schools. Teachers and students were the subjects of these studies. One research assessed the effectiveness of a strategic intervention material, while the other examined the factors that helped students overcome the challenges of college life. The oral proficiency of English teachers was assessed in another study These researchers may serve as reference for designing learner-centered curricula that nurture creative autonomy among students—an important pillar of 21st century education.

R&D for Sustainable Productivity Colleges and universities are expected to deliver on the twin functions of research and development (R&D). Five (5) collaborative R&Ds related to agriculture, fisheries, and environmental sciences are featured in ACIR 2017. One of these is the development and enhancement of a squid- flashing device using high-intensity LED light whose catching efficiency was also evaluated in the research. The production of vermimeal is explored in another research which also includes an evaluation study of the performance and efficiency of its partial replacement of fishmeal in the diets of milkfish fry. One R&D tested the functionality and efficiency of a mechanical crusher-grinder for corn and other organic materials while the design and fabrication of a cacao bean fermenter was documented in another study. Lastly, the development and testing of a water hyacinth harvester are the subject of one study intended to provide solution to the proliferation of the invasive species in freshwater ecosystems. These R&Ds signify the vital role of the academe in promoting innovation and developing appropriate technologies to regenerate sustainable and productive capacities of various stakeholders.

The diversity of researches shared in this Conference is a manifestation of the interdisciplinary nature of sustainable and regenerative developments happening in many places around the globe. Our task is to find the connections that facilitate the sharing of knowledge that we have discovered through the researches we have undertaken whether independently or in collaboration with others. ACIR 2017 hopes to inspire a global community of dynamic researchers of sustainable and regenerative development. The more challenging next step is for us to transcend the boundaries of our own disciplines and organizations so that we can co-create and weave together the skills and knowledge necessary for shared understanding and collective actions towards our common future.

Theme: Sustainable and Regenerative Development for Personal, Organizational and Community Wellness through Interdisciplinary Research

Asian Conference on Interdisciplinary Research 2017

Life Sciences for the Promotion of Health and Wellbeing Studies in microbiology and phycology are contributions from the life sciences to this Conference. Food analysis was employed in determining the microbial quality of street foods, informing consumers of the importance of food safety. In one experimental research, the special biological and pharmacological properties of fucoidan in brown algae were studied to reveal its promising therapeutic effect. These discoveries hold huge potentials for translational research to create regenerative impacts on people’s health and overall wellbeing.

11

Sexuality in the Curriculum: Education and the Mid-Teen Preggies JOSIE BATHAN-AGUILA http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7039-811X black_widow267@yahoo.com Dr. Juan A. Pastor Memorial National High School Philippines

Asian Conference on Interdisciplinary Research 2017

This study was conducted to find out the number of cases and causes of teenage pregnancies among the Grade 11 students of Dr. Juan A. Pastor Memorial National High School, Philippines to craft a plan of action for the effective communication of sexuality education among them and their parents. With the use of quantitative descriptive research, the output of the study was actualized. There were six cases used as participants of the study. Ethical considerations such as consent to participate in the study by the parents of the six cases were ensured. The findings revealed that from the six cases, peer pressure to commit to sexual intercourse were the highest among the causes identified. The plan of action was made to help students and their parents be informed of responsible sexuality actions. Recommendations included informing or communicating sexuality education to Junior High School students as well.

12

Keywords: Sexuality education, teenage pregnancy, unwanted pregnancies among teenagers, descriptive design, Philippines *Co-Authors: Jesusa D. Perez, and Myrna Ricero de Castro

Catching Efficiency of High Intensity LED Squid Flashing Device Using Different Catching Methods JULIE E. ALBANO http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8054-6422 juls_bio@yahoo.com Sultan Kudarat State University Philippines This study was conducted to uplift the squid catch of marginal fisherman. The device was developed at Sultan Kudarat State University, Philippines. Its efficiency was measured by computing the volume of catch per unit of time using the squid flashing device and traditional method in catching squid. Fishing was done at a depth of 10-20 ft for all trials. Hook and line and squid pot were the two types of gears used. The hook and line was made up of barbless hooks with 12 pieces of stainless steel and jigs. The squid pot is a rectangular structure made of bamboo and net with a dimension of 6x4x4 feet. An opening on top of the pot was made to facilitate easy collection of trapped squid and another opening on one side which serves as passage of the squid attracted to the device. Based on the result of the study, hook and line with squid flashing device is more effective to use when fishing for small red squid (Loligovulgaris) that caught during night time using lights while shrimptype squid jigs are more effective when catching white squid (Loligoforbesi) which caught in daylight or dark/ daylight. The squid pot with squid flashing device is not effective to use, because of the numerous holes made which the squid could just escape. The squid pot with coconut bunch was found to be effective in catching white squid. The white squids usually lay their eggs on the coconut bunch and eventually gets trapped inside the pot.

Keywords: Catching efficiency, electronic flasher, catching method, squid, LED, experimental design, Philippines *Co-author: Richie B. Espallardo

The Mansion Resort Hotel & Spa, Bali, Indonesia ¡ September 15-17, 2017

Antimitotic and Antiangiogenic Assay of Fucoidan from Brown Algae (Sargassum oligocystum)

RICHIE G. BAYURAN http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6045-6240 bianrenshi.rb@gmail.com Centro Escolar University (Graduate School) Saint Gabriel College Philippines

Keywords: Phycology, antimitosis, antiangiogenesis, Sargassum oligocystum, brown algae, experimental research, Philippines

Rituals of the Unknown: A Documentary of the Unwritten Malawa Rituals of Northern Luzon, Philippines KARL LENIN C. BENIGNO http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4075-0992 karllenincbenigno@hotmail.com Northwestern University Philippines The study documented the unrecorded practices of an unfamiliar tribe called the Malawa to determine their unique practices, such as dialect, rituals, and beliefs. It was also an opportunity to identify the current social and economic issues they are facing. The researcher and his team stayed in the tribe to document and observe the tribal life using still and video cameras. The study showed that despite outside influences the tribe managed to sustain the vibrancy and uniqueness of their identity. At present, tribe members practice the ancient methods and rituals, such as the “Talado” and the “Tadek”, among others. It also revealed that the tribe was totally depending on mountain spring for a water source. During summer, the only available water source is from a river, a four-kilometer walk downhill. A donation of Php130,000.00 was given to the tribe by a private citizen after watching the documentary. The amount was used to purchase materials for the construction of a water reservoir. The reservoir now provides adequate water supply. Neglected and without considerable reference, the Malawa tribe is not yet officially recognized as an indigenous group. The documentary is now being utilized to raise awareness about them for their eventual recognition.

Keywords: Indigenous culture, Malawa ritual practice, documentary research, Philippines

Theme: Sustainable and Regenerative Development for Personal, Organizational and Community Wellness through Interdisciplinary Research

Asian Conference on Interdisciplinary Research 2017

Algae are large group of autotrophic organisms that do not have well-organized cell structures but have special biological and pharmacological activities. Mitosis and angiogenesis are normal biological processes that are needed in the maintenance of life. Inappropriate activity of these processes can lead to serious complication like cancer. Due to the abundance of algal species in Panay, this study was conducted to determine the antimitotic and antiangiogenic activities of fucoidan from Sargassum oligocystum. Sargassum oligocystum was extracted with hot distilled water (80oC for 4 hours) and subjected to lyophilization which yielded an average of 7.67% fucoidan from Aklan, Antique and Capiz brown algae. Fucoidan showed identical spectra when compared to the reference standard using FTIR Spectrometer under wavelength of 650 to 4000cm-1. Antimitotic assay revealed that 100mg/ml of fucoidan solution has a significant result in mitotic index and the effectiveness was comparable with Methotrexate. Likewise, 100mg and 10 mg of fucoidan in gelatin disc exhibited reduction in the number of branches and total branches length of blood vessel and the effectiveness was comparable to Retinoic acid. With distinction among the treatments, 100mg of Fucoidan is a promising therapeutic agent because it showed an antimitotic and antiangiogenic activities.

13

Gender Fair Education: Integration of Gender and Development Perspective in the Different Subject Areas

Asian Conference on Interdisciplinary Research 2017

FLORDELIZA GALLARDO y CRUZ http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9744-8068 ag_gongan2014@yahoo.com Mountain Province State Polytechnic College Philippines

14

Integrating gender concepts/issues/principles in the curriculum is essential in promoting gender sensitivity and responsiveness in the academe. Anchored from Commission on Higher Education (CHED) Memo Order No.1, s. 2015, and with the aim to instill gender awareness and to eliminate gender biases in education, the study explored the syllabi of the teacher education since they have undergone seminar and workshop on integrating gender and development (GAD) perspective. Through content analysis there were numbers of gender concepts, issues, and principles that can be integrated in almost all social science, English and literature subjects/topics. On the other hand, amongst those who participated in the seminar and workshop on integration of GAD perspective in the curriculum, two (2) professors partially integrated GAD perspective in their syllabi. Since integration was not fully practiced by majority of the teacher education faculty after they undergone seminar and workshop it was for this reason that the researchers strongly recommended that an institutional policy be crafted and issued on integration of GAD perspective in the syllabi articulating CHED Memo Order No. 1, s. 2015 after which training, capability building and seminars will be highlighted in the GAD projects, activities and programs.

Keywords: Gender and Development, gender fair education, gender sensitive, gender responsiveness, gender mainstreaming, content analysis, Philippines

The Tradition of Pagbati and the Changing Roles of Women of Ibaan in the Society

MYRNA RICERO- DE CASTRO

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5302-1452 myrna72493@gmail.com Dr. Juan A. Pastor Memorial National High School Philippines This research described the role of women of Ibaan in the society as reflected by the customary Pagbati dance during Easter Sunday. Pagbati is a Filipino word which means “to greet”. It is a customary dance similar to polka held during the celebration of Easter Sunday. It is a tradition that started in 1901 during the latter part of Spanish Regime in the country. A maiden called the Kapitana dances the ritual steps escorted by two unmarried males called squadron.

This research examined the portrayal in the past of the women of Ibaan as reflected in Pagbati dance. Likewise, the perception of the present women of Ibaan of their roles in the society, and how they continue to reflect the tradition of Pagbati dance were also analyzed. This study used qualitative-ethnography approach and was based upon the Social Construction Feminist theory/ Primary sources used were the actual interview of the informants conducted by the researchers while the secondary sources were the chronicles in parochial publications and journals. The researchers carried out interviews with key figures in the production of Pagbati who were the long-time organizers and the dancers themselves. The findings showed that the Kapitana and performer of Pagbati dance maintained the status quo of affluent members of the community, service to the Church, and ideals of the municipality of Ibaan. Likewise there was also a disparity found between the perception of the roles in the society played by affluent women and working women of Ibaan.

Keywords: Folk dance, women of Ibaan, culture and traditions in the Philippines, Pagbati dance, Ibaan culture and tradition, qualitative-ethnography, Philippines *Co-Authors: Jesusa D. Perez, and Josie Bathan Aguila

The Mansion Resort Hotel & Spa, Bali, Indonesia · September 15-17, 2017

Partial Replacement of Fish Meal by Vermimeal in the Diets of Milkfish (Chanos chanos, Forskal) Fry RANDE B. DECHAVEZ

ran_dechavez@yahoo.com.ph Sultan Kudarat State University Philippines

Keywords: Vermiculture, vermimeal, milkfish fry, growth, feed efficiency ratio, experimental design, Philippines *Co-authors: Joey M. Trinidad, Junrey P. Ondin

The Meme is the Message: Traditional Referentiality in the Songs of Bontok Composer Felix Khensay JONNELLE D. FAGSAO http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7470-2203 jonnellefagsao@gmail.com Mountain Province State Polytechnic College Philippines This paper borrows the concept of traditional referentiality from Oral Traditional Theory and applies it to interpret the songs of Felix Khensay of Bontoc, Mountain Province, Philippines adapted by contemporary pop music enthusiasts as performed by a Bontok band called the Petune and other national choral groups with special kind of improvisation and fusion. The first part informs briefly who Felix Khensay as a distinctive Bontok composer, his songs written in a Bontok language, his melodic and poetic styles, and patterns, and also the evocative application of his songs that became referentially meaningful in the memories of the Bontok community. The paper then installs traditional referentiality (TR) as a concept framed from the lens of Oral Tradition Theory and anchored on Michael Drout’s Meme Based Approach and applies it to the common songs produced by the Petune band and also as a winning piece of a national choral competition in the Philippines. It also explains and illuminates the operations of anaphoric repetition and pattern-recognition on the musical texts of Felix Khensay’s selected two songs. Through textual analysis, this paper contributes making an initial assessment of Felix Khensay’s songs’ functions viewed as cultural universals in the traditional referents that are significant to the Bontok community.

Keywords: Folk literature, meme-based approach, traditional referentiality, anaphora, Felix Khensay, Bontok, Bontoc, Mountain Province, Philippines

Theme: Sustainable and Regenerative Development for Personal, Organizational and Community Wellness through Interdisciplinary Research

Asian Conference on Interdisciplinary Research 2017

Vermiculture or earthworm culture is applied worldwide particularly in the Philippines, United States and India for the production of fish baits and vermicompost. Due to the rapid production of earthworm, vermimeal can easily be produced.

Thus, the study on the effect of partial replacement of fish meal by vermimeal in the diets of milkfish fry was conducted to evaluate the growth performance, feed conversion efficiency, protein efficiency ratio and survival for 75 days of culture.

The fry were fed with diets containing 0, 25%, 50%, and 75% replacement of fish meal by vermimeal. The experiment was conducted in eight 200Li capacity plastic drums in Completely Randomized Design consisted of four (4) treatments (Trt) replicated two times. The diets were assigned as follows: Trt 1, (100% fish meal), Trt 2 (25% vermimeal + 75% fish meal), Trt 3 (50% vermimeal + 50% fish meal) and Trt 4 (75% vermimeal + 25% fish meal). It was cultured for a period of 75 days.

Results of the study showed that 25% (4.023g), 50% (4.075g) and 75% (4.025g) replacement of fishmeal by vermimeal were significantly different (P>0.05) in the growth performance compared to milkfish fry fed without vermimeal (3.76g).

Fish fed diets with 25% replacement of fishmeal by vermimeal and above revealed that there were significant effects in the feed conversion efficiency in their weight compared to fish fed without vermimeal. There was a significant increment on the utilization of protein in the growth performance of milkfish fry by the inclusion of vermimeal in the diet. Fish fed with replacement of earthworm meal showed significant results in feed conversion efficiency and protein efficiency ratio compared to fish fed with formulated feeds alone. All treatments exhibited comparable results in survival rate that ranged from 90 to 93.33%. Findings of the present study revealed that replacement of fish meal by earthworm meal at 25%, 50% and 75% inclusion level is suitable for optimal growth performance, feed conversion efficiency and protein efficiency ratio in milkfish fry and a potential substitute for fish meal in the formulation of fish diets.

15

Challenges in Setting Up Resource Generation Initiatives in a State College in Mountain Province, Philippines

Asian Conference on Interdisciplinary Research 2017

VENUS GRACE K. FAGYAN http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5365-0128 vkfagyan@yahoo.com Mountain Province State Polytechnic College Philippines

16

Resource generation put alongside the primordial academe’s role of knowledge dissemination, is an emerging intervention to dwindling national funding of Philippine State Colleges. This study determined the challenges encountered, and strategies adapted for by the Mountain Province State Polytechnic College on its resource generation initiatives, including the implications of state college-operated entrepreneurial ventures. With the use of descriptive qualitative approach employing interviews, focus group discussions, and document reviews, the study found that capitalization requirements for entrepreneurial ventures and the lack of regular national budgetary allotment topped the financial constraints, while the dearth of national policies on procurement, accounting and auditing procedures and other relevant laws specific for such ventures followed. Meanwhile, the project management team needed to win stakeholders’ acceptability while the institution’s state-owned structure threatened sustainability. Strategies evolved on unconventional income management for capital buildup; setting up the Resource Generation manual for defined and standardized procedures for entrepreneurial operations; and aggressive linkages development. These ventures transformed resources into productive use, augmented financial resources, notwithstanding the scaffolding of the interface of the trilogy of functions of research, instruction, and extension Keywords: Business Administration, entrepreneurial ventures, challenges, strategies, state owned colleges, descriptive qualitative design, Philippines

Managing Domestic Educational Tour (BS Tourism Management Students Putting Theories into Practice) AIREEN B. GEDORIO http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3257-9427 ccmenes@gmail.com La Consolacion College Bacolod Philippines Planning and implementing tour packages is one of the course requirements for every tourism student. The activity bridges the gap between learning inside the classroom and the realities of the actual world. The study aimed to describe the tourism students’ learning perspectives in managing a domestic educational tour.

Qualitative research design and the narrative inquiry were used. The sources of information were from the four Bachelor of Science in Tourism Management Students who were the tour managers and were requested to write a narrative on their learning. The trustworthiness/rigor of the findings was established using thick description for credibility; purposive sampling for transferability, stepwise replication and code-recode for dependability, and audit trail for confirmability. Recurring statements in the findings revealed seven themes, namely: attributes and characteristics of tour manager; stages of developing and planning a tour package; tourism stakeholders and components; tour operator’s roles and responsibilities; tour activities and experiences; varied emotional responses; and learning domains. These themes were distinguished through the experiences shared by the tour managers during the actual implementation of their planned tour bound for Cebu – Bohol – Negros Oriental. Results of this study are useful in developing curriculum and for creating future tour packages.

Keywords: Domestic educational tour, tour managers/leaders, qualitative – narrative inquiry research, Philippines

The Mansion Resort Hotel & Spa, Bali, Indonesia · September 15-17, 2017

Oral Proficiency Assessment of Pre-Service Teachers from Cavite State University

ABIGAIL C. GOMEZ http://orcid.org/0000-00001-5614-2778 abigail.gomez23@yahoo.com.ph Cavite State University-Imus Campus Philippines

Keywords: Oral Proficiency, language assessment, English proficiency, language use, language profile, pre- service teachers, descriptive design, Philippines

Economic Analysis of Climate Change Adaptation Strategies in the Philippines in Selected Coastal Areas in the Philippines (Phase II): Region I’s Case ROSANNA D. GONZALES

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1670-7302 rosanna_gonzales0906@yahoo.com Pangasinan State University-Infanta Philippines

In the Philippines, the extent of climate change impacts in different regions vary and so are the adaptation options and practices. This study identified public (planned) and private (autonomous) adaptation of coastal communities against multiple climate related hazards. It utilized Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), validations and toolkits. In assessing the economic viability of different planned adaptation options, the cost effectiveness analysis (CEA) was used while the formal household survey was conducted to establish respondents’ profile, resiliency to climate change impacts and adaptation options. The women empowerment was measured by using the concept of the Women Empowerment Index (WEI). The result of CEA showed that the most cost effective planned adaptation strategies were construction of alternative drainage, rehabilitation of existing sea walls and cluster distribution of safe drinking water. In making adaptation choices, men are more proactive and reactive on typhoon and coastal erosion compared to females who are more assertive and responsive on storm surge and saltwater intrusion. Gender-wise, males dominate the decision making activity. Most of the study sites firmly validate that typhoons and floods affected them much. The implementation of the identified cost-effective measures must be done. Further, men and women should share equal responsibility in making decisions to address such risks.

Keywords: Climate Change, adaptation strategies, environmental issues, community, descriptive design, Philippines *Co-Authors: Manolito E. Bernabe, Asa Jose U. Sajise, Paul Joseph B. Ramirez

Theme: Sustainable and Regenerative Development for Personal, Organizational and Community Wellness through Interdisciplinary Research

Asian Conference on Interdisciplinary Research 2017

In 2016, Philippines ranked 13th in the English Proficiency Index worldwide as released by Education First, Ltd. With this, English teachers from the Philippines should continuously revitalize their teaching strategies and classroom practices to be competitively at par with other Asian countries. This quantitative study assessed the oral proficiency of the graduating Bachelor of Secondary Education major in English students or preservice teachers from Cavite State University- Imus Campus. The study was anchored on the concepts of Bachman and Palmer (1996)’s oral language ability. Methods such as utilization of survey questionnaire, observation of speaking mistakes, and assessment of oral proficiency during focus group discussions and teaching demonstrations were done. The results showed that participants seldom use English in daily tasks, thus, also seldom encounter speaking difficulties. As observed, during focus group discussions, the most speaking mistake they committed is the code switching of Filipino and English languages. However, when it comes to teaching demonstrations, grammatical errors, mostly subject- verb agreement, became evident. In the assessment of the oral proficiency, the mean ratings of 3.35 and 3.15 determined the proficiency level of the participants.

17

Influence of Education to the Socio-cultural and Economic Development among the Manobo of Cotabato, Philippines

Asian Conference on Interdisciplinary Research 2017

BEATRIZ D. GOSADAN http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9407-7836 beatrizdgosadan@gmail.com Central Mindanao Colleges Philippines

18

The education of the Manobo in the Philippines is elusive. They have always aspired, dreamed and desired to be educated to improve their status in the society and uplift their standards of living. This study was conducted to determine if education has influenced the practices of the Manobo on their social, cultural and economic development. This study was anchored on Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory of human learning. It employed a descriptive-correlational method using survey questionnaire. The study revealed a moderate level of illiteracy among the Manobo that subsequently, deprived them the chance to know themselves and be open to ideas that will contribute to their personal and collective improvement. Access of the Manobo to the Alternative Learning System and scholarships has helped them adopt the proper health practices and improve their literacy.

As farmers, they still lack the skills of advance farming method that pushed them to sell portions of their lands.

The study concludes that the basic community services like health, education and others were already enjoyed by the respondents that also gradually replaced their cultural system. The positive influence of education on the socio-cultural and economic development among the Manobo has helped them improve their standards of living.

Keywords: Anthropology, indigenous education, socio-cultural development, economic development, descriptivecorrelational design, Philippines

Interdisciplinary and Sustainable Integrated Organic Farm Improves Inservice Teachers’ Efficacy in Teaching Outdoor Science JOJI D. LINAUGO http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9915-7793 jlinaugo@gmail.com Department of Education, Division of Negros Occidental Philippines Teaching outdoors holds tremendous values for providing authentic learning experiences for students more so for courses which need to expand beyond the four walls of the classroom. Science teachers need to be exposed to outdoor experiences so that they can be equipped and become effective facilitators of learning beyond the classroom. This paper focused on the evaluation of the experiences of inservice teachers during their fieldwork in an integrated organic farm. For three days, with sessions extending until midnight, the teachers were exposed to hands-on engagement on the basics of terrestrial vertebrate assessment, vermicomposting, rainforestation, organic farming, and water quality evaluation. Multiple frameworks in data collection (beautiful conversations, reflection analysis and netnography) helped me draw up several themes which were strengthened by establishing trustworthiness, authenticity and crystallization. With better impressions on outdoor lessons after the fieldwork, the teachers consider themselves more prepared to do outdoor Science. Seeing the big difference between the traditional laboratory and fieldwork experience, they have also identified strategies and content materials that can be delivered outdoors. The teachers also implemented in their respective stations changes, programs and projects anchored on their fieldwork experience. Some limitations were raised though with regards to the conduct of outdoor lessons.

Keywords: Outdoor Science, environmental education, organic farm, interpretivism, Philippines

The Mansion Resort Hotel & Spa, Bali, Indonesia ¡ September 15-17, 2017

Internship Abroad: Cultural Awareness and Experiences of Hospitality Management Students LEANE ADELE L. LINAUGO http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6855-9826 laleyeslinaugo@gmail.com La Consolacion College Bacolod Philippines

Keywords: International internship, hospitality, narrative inquiry, Thailand

The Tayan of Upland Bontoc, Mountain Province, Philippines

ANTONINA M. MANOCHON http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6578-9095 tonnimm_5@yahoo.com Mountain Province State Polytechnic College Philippines The Bontoc tribe of Mountain Province, Philippines developed indigenous conservation of forest and land resources to make them sustainable and adaptable to climate change. This is known as the tayan, a corporate ownership of forest lands where members of the community or clan are responsible for complying with established traditional unwritten forest code of the tribe. In return, the forest ensures the preservation of the community, their livelihood, knowledge systems, culture, and identity. The study explored the nature of the tayan, its role in forest management, the threats to the system and the interface between indigenous forest management and today’s management system. The ethnographic approach through interviews, focus discussion groups and story- telling were used to source out information. The study revealed that their indigenous worldview contributes much to a sustainable forest management. The tribe developed a spiritual and cultural connection with the land and maintained an intimate knowledge of the forest and ecosystems which they practice in everyday life. The tayan then is a complex dynamic interaction of the people with their environment, particularly with the forest and its resources.

Keywords: Ethnography, tayan, Bontoc Tribe, indigenous knowledge, indigenous forest management system, ethnographic approach, Philippines

Theme: Sustainable and Regenerative Development for Personal, Organizational and Community Wellness through Interdisciplinary Research

Asian Conference on Interdisciplinary Research 2017

Internships are essential in hospitality and tourism management curricula of various institutions around the globe. On the other hand, international internship programs are significant in the development of future hospitality workforce and hoteliers. This study used narrative inquiry to delve into the experiences of hospitality management students having the internship in a foreign country. The interns who were trained for six months in three different establishments in Thailand were made to write their narrative. The rigor of the findings was established using data triangulation for credibility, data audit for dependability, purposive sampling for transferability and stepwise replication for confirmability. Using the method of Anney (2014), seven themes emerged. It highlighted the students’ opportunity to acquire practical knowledge, skills, and desirable attitudes; their varied travel experiences; how they experienced acculturation in a foreign country; co-mingling of their emotions; the support they had from their family and friends; the values they have developed, their personal growth, and professionalism; and attributes and benefits of an intern. The findings of this study may be used to strengthen further the international internship program of the institution.

19

Learning Perspectives of Bachelor of Science in Tourism Management Students in Joining Domestic Educational Tour

Asian Conference on Interdisciplinary Research 2017

THERESA JENNIFER H. MENDOZA http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5708-0449 tjmendoza0715@gmail.com La Consolacion College Bacolod Philippines

20

The study sought to determine the tourism students’ learning perspectives in joining a domestic educational tour. Qualitative research design and the narrative inquiry was used. The sources of information were the BS Tourism Management Student who underwent on-the-spot narrative writing on the learning perspectives of the student- tour participants. The trustworthiness and quality of the findings were established using member checks for credibility, purposive sampling and thick description for transferability, stepwise replication and code-recode for dependability, and audit trail for confirmability. Carefully planned and properly implemented tours could help students to learn more about the concepts in the tourism industry. The tour participants as tourism students learned and had great experiences in their field of interest. The experiences and memories they had encountered served as a lesson to them. Findings revealed eight (8) themes, namely: (1) appreciation for attraction and services, (2) interdisciplinary learnings, (3) travel & tour experiences, (4) happiness & excitement, (5) pre-tour activities, (6) dealing with challenges & difficulties, (7) tour policies, and (8) tourist destination. These themes were distinguished through the experiences shared by the tour participants joining the domestic tour bound to Cebu – Bohol – Negros Oriental organized by the second year BSTM students.

Keywords: Tourism, domestic educational tour, tour participants, qualitative – narrative inquiry research, Philippines

Impact Evaluation of the Continuing Skills Training Program among Cluster of Parents at Sabang, Naga City, Philippines ROSA N. MOICO http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0462-0875 docrosnmoico@gmail.com Bicol State College of Applied Sciences and Technology Philippines Sta. Rafaela is an elementary school supervised by nuns and located within the vicinity of relocation site of informal settlers in Naga City, Philippines. As an identified community of the BISCAST Extension Program, needs assessment revealed a great need for skills training of unemployed housewives. This urged the researchers to conduct skills training that will eventually augment families’ livelihood. Specifically, it determined the extent of the services given by the College, the impact to the beneficiaries’ personal, social, community and economic development, and the effectiveness of the training skills. Using the descriptive design, survey questionnaire was used as the major tool for gathering data. Respondents consisted of 20 housewives, five staff of Sta Rafaela, and ten stakeholders. Findings showed that Basic Baking generated a weighted mean of 4.45, General Cookery 4.42, Food Processing 4.29, and, Advanced Baking 4.23, all described “greatest extent”. All the training skills got a rating of 4.34 described “greatest extent”. Impact of Skills Training on personal, social, community and economic development generated a rating of 4.44 “greatest extent”. The Training Skills was very effective as revealed by the 4.5 rating. Thirty three (33) percent of the respondents passed the NCII Assessment and 40 % of them established their own business. Accordingly, training has positive impact to beneficiaries.

Keywords: Impact Evaluation, skills training program, extension program, food technology

The Mansion Resort Hotel & Spa, Bali, Indonesia · September 15-17, 2017

Factors Contributing to the Completion of a Four-Year Degree Program

MARIA MILAGROSA M. OCENAR http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3129-7703 ocenar88@gmail.com Colegio de San Juan de Letran Calamba Philippines

Keywords: Education, degree program completion, self-efficacy, descriptive design, Philippines

Design, Development and Performance Testing of a Batch Type Mechanical Root Crops Washer

NILA B. OĂ‘ATE http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5331-6349 wenils@yahoo.com Central Bicol State University of Agriculture Philippines Clean produce is required for sale to wholesale markets, and postharvest cleaning and drying practices impact product shelf-life, sales, and food safety. To reduce the drudgery in the manual washing operation, a simple and efficient washer/cleaner for root crops was designed and constructed. . The study offered the advantage of speedy washing/cleaning of root crops before any subsequent processing operations. Results of the study proved that the fabricated mechanical root crops washer/cleaner offers a speedy washing/cleaning of root crops. Only one person is needed to process 833 kg/hr when the machine is used compared to four persons required to manually wash the same quantity of sweet potatoes per hour. Large quantities of root crops can be processed per day since mechanical washing reduced the drudgery of human labor. The machine had a 99% efficiency with an average cleaning time of 109 seconds and was able to consume electricity calculated at 0.03 kw-hr. Financial analysis showed that the machine is economically viable. Return on investment, benefit cost ratio and payback period was calculated at 195%, 1.55 and 0.5 years, respectively. Partial budget analysis showed an incremental change in income amounting to Php 666,053 when mechanical washing was used.

Keywords: Food safety, design and development, mechanical rootcrop washer, research and development, Philippines *Co-Authors: Joel P. Sadol, Julius De Villa

Theme: Sustainable and Regenerative Development for Personal, Organizational and Community Wellness through Interdisciplinary Research

Asian Conference on Interdisciplinary Research 2017

The desire to enhance the number of completers in the college led to the conduct of this study. This descriptive research study determined the factors that students saw as having important influences on their completion of a degree program. It used the survey design with open-ended questions to describe the experiences of respondents regarding their stay in the college. The study was conducted to 60 completers and 25 non-completers of School of Education, Arts, and Sciences in Letran Calamba. The data were analyzed with percentage frequency distribution. Open-ended question data were interpreted using the thematic analysis method.

Results showed that self-efficacy influenced most the respondents. Social factors, academic performance, and college characteristics also influenced the completers. College characteristics, social factors and supplemental instruction influenced the non- completers. Respondents agreed that the college provides activities that were values- oriented and socially related. Results of this study led to a recommendation for curriculum review and suggested that students be involved in the said review. In addition, more instructional materials, improved facilities and detailed self-efficacy study were proposed.

21

Localized Community- Based Policy on Climate Change in Ibaan, Batangas, Philippines

Asian Conference on Interdisciplinary Research 2017

JESUSA DE CASTRO-PEREZ http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7264-0803 perezjesusa_63@yahoo.com Dr. Juan A. Pastor Memorial National High School Philippines

22

This study explored the awareness of the local officials of Ibaan District, Batangas, Philippines on the impact of climate change in the locality. Furthermore, thru the in-depth survey conducted, it identified the common practices and implemented programs of the community related to climate change, and reviewed the needs of the community to address the environmental problems brought about by climate change. The study employed the descriptive survey design with 26 barangay captains in the District of Ibaan, Batangas, Philippines as respondents. The researchers adapted a modified instrument consisting of 16 items, many of which had multiple sub-parts as closed and open-ended questions. The findings revealed that majority of the respondents were aware that climate change is really happening. There was a higher degree of positive perception among them in terms of the serious nature of this phenomenon. Most of them were not aware of other possible effects of climate change in the community. As to the common practices and implementing programs related to climate change, it was found out that these were not yet implemented due to lack of funding and policy models. Hence, a plan of action was recommended based on the findings to help barangay officials formulate policies with regard to localized projects to address the adverse effects of climate change.

Keywords: Climate change, localized policy input, perceptions on climate change, sustainable environment, descriptive design, Philippines *Co-Authors: Myrna Ricero De Castro, Josie Bathan. Aguila & Ryan Villafuerte Lansangan

Design and Development of Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) Bean Fermenter

MARIFE L. PESINO http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6218-9134 mafeigh8@gmail.com Central Bicol State University of Agriculture Philippines The cacao industry is one of the promising trades for export in the Philippines, especially in the Bicol Region.

Nowadays, however, supply of high quality raw materials for chocolate production is still lacking due to negligence of primary processing of cacao, especially the fermentation process. The study aimed to design and establish the operating conditions of a cacao bean fermenter which will produce high quality fermented cacao beans that can be dried and stored for a longer period without deterioration. The machine was constructed using food grade materials for parts which will come in contact with the cacao beans while other parts were made from standard materials. Testing showed that the cacao bean fermenter has a fermentation efficiency of 97%, fermentation recovery of 85%, and juice recovery of 0.09 li/kg wet beans. Fermentation time was only four days that allowed sanitary collection of cacao juice and liquefied pulp. Quality of dried fermented cacao beans in solar dryer was found higher than the quality of dried fermented cacao beans using the sun drying method. Partial budget analysis showed that the designed cacao bean fermenter is economically viable having an incremental change in income amounting to PhP 52,934. Several supplementary conditions were established during the preliminary test that would further improve the components, operation, and efficiency of the cacao bean fermenter.

Keywords: Design and development, Theobroma cacao L., cacao bean fermenter, research and development, Philippines *Co-authors: Nila B. OĂąate, Rico D. Almonte, and John Carl A. Galvez

The Mansion Resort Hotel & Spa, Bali, Indonesia ¡ September 15-17, 2017

Optimizing the Engineering Parameters of CBSUA Mechanical Crusher-Grinder Using Response Surface Methodology MARIFE L. PESINO http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6218-9134 mafeigh8@gmail.com Central Bicol State University of Agriculture Philippines

Keywords: Grinding characteristics, CBSUA mechanical crusher-grinder, corn, response surface methodology of the system analysis system (SAS), Philippines *Co-authors: Nila B. OĂąate

Organizational Citizenship Behavior among Montfortian Teachers: A Cross National Comparative Study in Asia ARUL RAYAN http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1774-313X rayannit@yahoo.com Montfort Academy Philippines

A. JESU KULANDAIRAJ http://orcid.org/0000-0000-0000-0000 jesukraj@gmail.com Loyola College India

While the link between Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) and organizational variables has been established, national cultures underlying this relationship and its influence remains poorly understood in school organizations. This descriptive-correlational study explored OCB among teachers and tested its relationship with Perceived Organizational Support (POS) and Employee commitment to different cultures in Asia. The sample of the study comprised of 427 teachers from13 Montfortian schools among the five (5) Asian countries: Philippines, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, and India. This study employed ANOVA along with Post Hoc, Correlation, and Regression analysis on the data collected through the survey method. This empirical study found significant differences in OCB among teachers between Malaysia and Singapore. This current study also disclosed the significant relationships between POS and OCB in the Philippines, Singapore, and India.

Further, this study revealed that the normative commitment enhanced the relationship between POS and OCB directed toward Individuals (OCB-I). Significantly, the affective commitment had full mediation through POS and OCB directed toward organization (OCB-O) in the Philippines while normative commitment partially mediated through POS and OCB-O in Singapore. Further, organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) and organizational variables are important factors to sustainable and regenerative development. The developments of such variables can promote sustainable management and leadership for transformation of organizations.

Keywords: Organizational citizenship behaviors, teachers, organizational commitment, perceived organizational support, Montfortian schools, national culture, Asia, descriptive correlational study

Theme: Sustainable and Regenerative Development for Personal, Organizational and Community Wellness through Interdisciplinary Research

Asian Conference on Interdisciplinary Research 2017

The study aimed to mathematically describe the grinding characteristics of corn using the CBSUA Mechanical Crusher-Grinder. Grinding conditions were: rotor speed (1500, 2250, and 3000 rpm), moisture content of corn (11, 14, and 17%), and screen size opening (0.041, 0.122, and 0.192 in). Response Surface Methodology of the System Analysis System (SAS) was used to determine the significant effects of independent parameters on the responses and for further determination of the optimum grinding conditions of corn. The optimum corn grinding conditions were determined to be 1900 rpm, 16%, and 0.16 inch. Financial analysis showed that the utilization of the crushergrinder could generate an annual income of PhP 861,000 in producing ground corn.

The return of investment and benefit cost ratio are 41.51% and 1.42, respectively, with a payback period of 2.41 years. Based from the results of this study, it could be deduced that the machine is efficient, functional, commercially attractive, and economically feasible, hence is recommended for commercial use by small and medium feedmilling enterprises. For optimum and versatile utilization of the machine, ground-testing of other feed and organic materials or ingredients such as fish, pigeon pea, oyster shell, and the likes, are highly recommended. This information is also necessary for the design, prediction, and modeling of grinders or hammermills.

23

Riding the Winds of Change: Facilitating Change Readiness in a Higher Education Institution

Asian Conference on Interdisciplinary Research 2017

MARIA CECILIA EIJANSANTOS-REMANENTE http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7160-6160 cecilia.remanente@perpetualdalta.edu.ph University of Perpetual Help System DALTA Molino Philippines

24

This quantitative study sought the responses of 141 school employees as regards the implementation of changes currently besetting higher education institutions: legislated ones such as outcomes-based teaching and learning and the K to 12 program, and those designed to increase competitiveness, namely, program accreditation and ISO certification. The study variables—level of involvement, change response, and antecedents to change readiness (i.e., inclusiveness, communication, change fit, and organizational support)—were anchored on Lewin’s three-stage change model and Giangreco’s manifestations of change resistance. Higher levels of involvement and more positive response to legislated changes were seen among respondents in basic education than in the tertiary and academic support groups. Tests of concordance using Kendall’s tau-b revealed moderate, positive associations between employee involvement and change antecedents such as ensuring transparency of the process, clarifying participants’ roles, and change fit. Similar associations were found between employee response and change fit (i.e., the view that change initiatives are aligned with the institutional vision and mission and promote stakeholder interests). These findings were all statistically significant. One important study implication is the need to improve the provision of organizational support and promote inclusiveness to thwart employee resistance and strengthen change management within the organization.

Keywords: Organization development, change management, antecedents to change readiness, quantitative research, change initiatives in schools, Philippines

Implementing Community-Based Forest Resource Management Program: Involvement of People’s Organization of Gabaldon, Nueva Ecija, Philippines RHODORA R. JUGO http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2640-3505 rhodajugo@yahoo.com Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology Philippines The Community-Based Forest Management Program (CBFMP) was formulated in 1995 to strengthen the implementation of the different forest management programs in the country by utilizing the involvement of upland communities through people’s organizations. This research study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of the Community-Based Forest Management Program of Gabaldon, Nueva Ecija. Purposive sampling was done to identify the participants of the study.

The level of involvement and problems encountered by the POs were determined using a self-administered questionnaire and interview. Previous monitoring and evaluation reports of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) and other agencies were used for additional data collection. ArcGIS was used to process 2012 and 2015 Google Earth Images to determine the land area cover. The city boundary was taken from National Statistics Office, and the land cover maps were projected using coordinate system of WGS 1985 UTM zone 51N. Results showed that the participants had a high level of attendance to meetings but a moderate level of participation in people’s organization (PO) activities and CBFM program activities. Generally, the participants were only moderately active in the CBFM program. Prior to the implementation of the program, the POs encountered rampant illegal cutting, forest fires, soil erosion and slash and burn practices and suffered from inadequate income. These activities were reduced after the implementation of the CBFM program which also provided additional income for PO members. In terms of land area cover, there was a decrease in the bareland and mountainous area from 2,475.875 ha (2012) to 2,351.981 ha (2015) and from 20,943.282 ha (2012) to 20,913.692 ha (2015), respectively.

Keywords: Ecological integrity, economic benefits, forest management, land use, descriptive design, Philippines *Co-Authors: John Micah M. Gabriel, Severino C. Fortunato

The Mansion Resort Hotel & Spa, Bali, Indonesia · September 15-17, 2017

Development of Water Hyacinth Harvester

JOEL P. SADOL http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6620-7464 sadol_joel@yahoo.com Central Bicol State University of Agriculture Philippines

Keywords: Water Hyacinth, chopper, conveyor, propeller, throttle speed, research and development, Philippines

Validity Analysis of Strategic Intervention Materials (SIM) for Chemistry Curriculum in the Secondary School RIZZA P. SUAREZ http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0746-3238 rizzap_suarez@yahoo.com Dr. Juan A. Pastor Memorial National High School Philippines Chemistry, as a discipline in Science, is one of the most challenging Grade Nine school science curricula, which requires the students’ diligence in academic and conceptual reasoning skills. For students’ competency in Chemistry, Strategic Intervention Materials (SIM) is crafted and validated. The SIM focusing on the least mastered skills were developed. The researcher in Science of D.J.A.P.M.N.H.S., Philippines found out that students in Grade 9 in the previous and current years have not achieved their mastery level. Thus, the study showed the competencies given by the Department of Education must be given emphasis using the content of the strategic intervention materials. To validated the SIM in the current year K to 12 Secondary Chemistry curriculum; the descriptive qualitative analysis was used. Findings revealed that a difference from relative s=1.007 to proposed s=1.006 of student’s score results indicate the effectivity of the SIM. The strategic intervention materials were effective in mastering the competency based–skills in science based on the showed excellence in the process of developing competency in based-skills in Grade Nine Science students. The research suggested that the modern technique must play important role in the mastery of the lesson presented through the use of contextualized materials appropriately designed according to the academic needs of students.

Keywords: Education, Strategic Intervention Material (SIM), Chemistry, learning competency, descriptive design, Philippines

Theme: Sustainable and Regenerative Development for Personal, Organizational and Community Wellness through Interdisciplinary Research

Asian Conference on Interdisciplinary Research 2017

Water hyacinths are aquatic plants considered nuisance weeds throughout the world for their posted hazard to human and environment. They invade the fresh water where most of potable water for human consumption is being sourced out. There were lot of means tried to eradicate their growth; however, all these means discovered to be futile. Thus, their minimization of growth was suggested an option. To minimize the water hyacinth growth, equipment f or such purpose was developed and tested. The development of the equipment utilized steel materials for the fabrication of its major assemblies which comprised of chopper, conveyor, propeller and the main frame. These assemblies enabled the equipment to harvest the directly grown water hyacinths from water ways. Equipment test showed for an hour run, 5,706.67 kilograms, 10,053.33 kilograms and 14,400 kilograms were the average harvested water hyacinth at low, medium and high throttle engine speed settings at average fuel consumptions in liter per hour of 0.7, 1.5 and 2.0 respectively. The equipment likewise tested to run going and against the river current and results showed that their respective travelling rate in km/hr were 7.7, 15.2 and 24.5 and 2.8, 5.6 and 9.1 at low, medium and high engine throttle speed settings at average fuel consumptions in liter per hour recorded of 0.9, 1.5 and 1.8 and 2.8, 3.5 and 4.3 respectively at the same three pre-determined engine throttle speed settings.

25

Musicality and Instrumentation of Bukidnon and Manobo Tribe’s Presentations

LINCOLN V. TAN

Asian AsianConference Conferenceon onInterdisciplinary InterdisciplinaryResearch Research2017 2017

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4251-5099 lincolnvaltan@yahoo.com Bukidnon State University Philippines

26

There is a rapidly increasing influence of foreign culture, which has found its way into the cultural practices of Filipinos even those who are residing in areas far from the fast paced life in key cities. The study aimed to identify the musicality and instrumentation of the seven indigenous tribes of Bukidnon, Philippines and to examine how these instruments are used to create music. This is a qualitative research and also employed the descriptive-normative survey having five participants per tribe including the tribal chieftains, performers (music players) and the baylans to conduct the rituals prior to the data gathering. Recording of the different instruments to produce music was done using discography. Moreover, the researchers used participant observation and interview to identify and elucidate the different rhythmic combinations produced by musical instruments during the tribe’s outdoor and indoor activities. Results showed that the Bukidnon and Manobo tribal groups used different musical instruments like the bantula, dabakan, kulintangan, agung to produce varied music in isolation or in combination to fit the ritual, dances, activities, programs and festivals. These findings suggested that although the different tribal groups make use of similar instruments, the music that they produce and how they are played vary. It is, therefore, recommended that researchers examine further the diverse rituals, dances and festivities celebrated by the different groups as well as the instrument and music that they produce to accompany these presentations and indoor and outdoor activities.

Keywords: Culture and the arts, musicality, instrumentation, Bukidnon Tribes, Manobo Tribes, qualitative design, Philippines *Co-Author: Ruby TN. Gimeno

Microbiological Quality of Street Foods: A Mechanism on Food Safety and Disease Prevention ALDRIN C. TUMAMAO http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4067-1939 pamet_ilocosnorte2016@yahoo.com Northwestern University Philippines The study aimed to determine the microbial quality of street foods by small food stalls in Laoag City, Philippines.

Utilizing the descriptive design, the study examined samples of barbecue (pork) and “isaw” (chicken intestines) in three preparations: uncooked, cooked (grilled) without sauce and cooked (grilled) dipped in sauce. The food analysis result showed that samples of barbecue and “isaw” from the three food preparations were positive in presumptive test as shown by gas formation in lactose broth and in confirmatory test indicated by the growth of typical colonies in Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) agar. The completed test revealed that the entire food preparations positive in the confirmatory test were confirmed to harbour coliform bacteria. The biochemical testing using API 20E showed that uncooked and cooked barbecue without sauce has Escherichia coli; cooked barbecue dipped in sauce has Escherichia coli and Pantoea agglomerans. On the other hand, uncooked “isaw” has Enterobacter cloacea and Klebslelia pneumoniae, cooked “isaw” dipped in sauce has Escherichia coli and cooked “isaw” without sauce has Klebslelia pneumoniae. From the above findings, the study concluded that barbecue and “isaw” in different food preparations were mostly infected with Escherichia coli. Contributing factors for food contamination are poor environmental sanitation, poor food handling, preparation and storage.

Keywords: Food microbiology, food safety, food handling, food-borne diseases, food analysis, Philippines *Co-Authors: Resie Jane Mata, Nemesis Jerico L. De Castro

The Mansion Resort Hotel & Spa, Bali, Indonesia · September 15-17, 2017

The Establishment of Action Research Center on the Sustainable and Regenerative Development as the Collaborative Action between Universitas Sebelas Maret and WOW Bali ISMI DWI A. NURHAENI ismidwiastuti@staff.uns.ac.id Universitas Sebelas Maret Indonesia The role of the university as one of the agents of change has to acknowledge the real needs of society to ensure that any change will drive positive impacts, and easily regenerates. The university has to be able to work together and make collaborative actions not only directly with the society. The Universitas Sebelas Maret is building collaboration with the best sustainable and regenerative development organization in ASEAN, Yayasan Global Banjar Internasional (WOW Bali), in making action research in the establishment of Action Research Center that will ensure further development of the sustainable and regenerative efforts. One of the ways is through the Accredited Global Internship Program that will foster the growth of solution-based action.

This is the collaborative program that will impact to the sustainable and regenerative development of the society. There will also be a collaboration in the making of the standard operation procedure, curriculum development, exchange of the human resources and regulation.

Banana Pseudo Stem (Musa Accuminata) and Palm Frond (Elaeis Guineensis) Fiberboards: A Comparative Study RODOLFO B. SOLOMON http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4617-1863 rudybsolomon@yahoo.com Sultan Kudarat State University Philippines One of the reasons why a growing number of municipalities in the Philippines are attracted to technologies is the introduction of innovative ways of garbage reduction and disposal. To minimize wastes, the researchers thought of the alternative solution to the problem through recycling process. Making fiberboards out of banana pseudo stem and palm frond could lessen the problems in the disposal of waste. The fiberboard with starch obtained the highest weight density which is made of one kg of oil palm frond, 0.25 kg of paper pulp and added with 0.10 kg of cassava starch while fiberboard without starch obtained the highest flexural strength which is made of one kg banana pseudo-stem and 0.25 kg of paper pulp. It there was a significant difference that was found out regarding their weight density and flexural strength at 1% level of significance. A further test was conducted using the Least Significant Difference test, and there was a significant difference that was found out among treatments at 5% level of significance regarding weight density and flexural strength. The study showed that the less fibrous material mixed with paper pulp achieved higher weight density and the more fibrous material mixed with paper pulp and cassava starch achieved higher flexural strength.

Keywords: fiberboards, flexural strength, oil palm frond, Philippines, pseudo stem, recycling process, weight density, Philippines *Co-author: Mary Lynn G. Magbanua

Theme: Sustainable and Regenerative Development for Personal, Organizational and Community Wellness through Interdisciplinary Research

Asian Conference on Interdisciplinary Research 2017

Keywords: Sustainable and regenerative development, collaborative action, interdisciplinary research, Indonesia

27

Development and Modernization: The Simunul Paradigm

FORMA L. GONZALES

Asian Conference on Interdisciplinary Research 2017

http://orcid.org/0000-0000-0000-0000 forma_gonzales@yahoo.com Mindanao State University-Tawi-Tawi College of Technology and Oceanography Philippines

28

Simunul is an island municipality in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) and also the first seat of Islam in the Philippines. From 1980 to present, this municipality is the most progressive in Tawi-Tawi, Philippines.

The study aimed to determine the advent of development and modernization in Simunul; how did these concepts sustain in this municipality and what have its people done to make the place as the center of historical site and ecotourism. It utilized a descriptive-qualitative type of design conducted at the seven communities of Simunul with ten key informants from each community using structured-questionnaire to gather the data. It was then treated in matrix format. The results of the study revealed that the Sama of Simunul were found out to have suffered severely from poverty due to poor growth of agricultural products and scarcity of marine resources. Due to this realization, the Sama of Simunul opted intensely to Education of which 99% of them are literate. With education at the forefront, the Sama of Simunul transcended into a unified tribes with a unifying thoughts of transforming Simunul into a developed and modernized municipality in terms of socio-economic development by working abroad, employed in the government offices and upgrading their physical surroundings with “mansions and palaces” in fulfillment of development and modernization which the researcher calls it : The Simunul Paradigm. Based from the findings of the study, it is hereby concluded that the Sama of Simunul are psychologically mindful and open for development which led them to establish modernization in the municipality as well as wish to put forth the place in the province competitiveness among other municipalities in Tawi-Tawi, Philippines.

Keywords: Sustainable development, The Simunul Paradigm, development, modernization, descriptive-qualitative design, Simunul, Philippines ,

Investigation of Nitrate Transporter 2 (NRT2) Gene Expression and Correlation with Nitrate Accumulation in Hydroponically-Grown Lettuce PIMPASSORN SAMARTLERTDEE http://orcid.org/0000-0000-0000-0000 s.pimpassorn@gmail.com Mahidol University International College Thailand Hydroponically-grown lettuce can result in an over-accumulation of nitrate, which impose a risk of diagnosis for gastric cancer. Moreover, physiological, and molecular data are limited, thus, the discovery of a suitable method in reducing nitrate accumulation in hydroponically-grown vegetables is significant. In this experiment, the role of NRT2 gene expression in terms of nitrate uptake and accumulation in hydroponics lettuce, together with its correlation to nitrate content in the plants, was investigated. Two sets of lettuces were hydroponically grown in Hoagland’s solution under different nitrate concentration for six weeks. Both sets were grown under nitrate concentration of 1, 1/2, and 1/4 respectively (1XC, 1/2XC, 1/4XC). However, the second set was transplanted into a water solution in the last week (1XW, 1/2XW, 1/4XW). The results showed that in all leave samples, NRT2 expression increased as the nitrate content decreased. In the roots, NRT2 expression was detected only in 1XC and 1/4XW. The results indicate that NRT2 gene is partially negatively correlated with the nitrate content. The analysis obtained from this study can be used to improve current hydroponics practices in reducing nitrate accumulation in vegetables.

Keywords: Hydroponics, lettuce, nitrate, nitrate accumulation, NRT2, semi- quantitative RT-PCR, Thailand

The Mansion Resort Hotel & Spa, Bali, Indonesia · September 15-17, 2017

Raising the Awareness of Researchers about the Ethical Codes in Research

YUSUF KURNIAWAN yusuf@staff.uns.ac.id Universitas Sebelas Maret Indonesia

Keywords: Research ethics, misconduct in research, self-awareness, documentation studies, Indonesia

The Existence of Sama Bajau as the Indigeneous People of ASEAN and its impact on ASEAN Integration RENI WAHYUNI IKE LESTARI reni.wahyuni13@gmail.com Universitas Sebelas Maret Indonesia Due to the diversity of the ASEAN cultures, tribes, norms, and beliefs, ASEAN is legally binding the member states by promoting the non-Interference Principle to all member states to integrate all of the ten nations in Southeast Asia. However, the non-interference Principle that is being promoted and upheld by the ASEAN is somehow limiting the role of ASEAN itself in ensuring the integration that is supposed to take part in all member states to foster the development of ASEAN as a whole. The non-interference Principle is creating such a hardship in achieving the real integration of all aspects in ASEAN, especially in the socio-cultural aspect, as it tackles the process of harmonizing thousands cultures and identities in the region in various ways. One of the evidences that the non-interference principle of ASEAN is hindering the integration is shown by the case of Sama Bajau people which is usually being known as the Sea Gypsy of South East Asia. The Sama Bajau people is categorized as one of the indigeneous peoples who live in the sea around Indonesia, Malaysia and Phillipines’ sea. As they are living in the sea, they are often being the victim of the pirates, instability of the climate, resources shortages, and so forth, yet not a single solution to address this issue has been settled from ASEAN due to the non non interference principle of ASEAN. Keywords: Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN), Sama Bajau, Indgineous People, ASEAN Integration, ASEAN Non Interference Principle, Indonesia

Theme: Sustainable and Regenerative Development for Personal, Organizational and Community Wellness through Interdisciplinary Research

Asian Conference on Interdisciplinary Research 2017

The ease of access to the internet and the lack of supervision in the ethics of research could make researchers do misconducts. The abundance of data and information availability without being followed with self-awareness of upholding the ethics of research can provide strong appeal to some researchers to break the ethics. Although it is somehow very primary in researching, many people are not aware of this. This is so due to the ignorance and weak supervision from the environment. Consequently, many misconducts on research have been found around the world. This article discusses about the importance of raising the awareness of researchers about upholding the ethical codes in research and the important values implied by the ethics. By referring to the ethical codes in the regulation of the Head of Indonesia’s Science Agency Number 06/E/2013 and that of Resnik (2015) this article maps out the cases of research misconducts taking place in Indonesia and around the world.

This research applies documentation studies. It reveals that there are many cases of misconducts in research. For the sake of truthfulness and objectivity every party should participate in succeeding the effort.

29

Effectiveness of Strategic Intervention Material “Children Resemble Their Parents” Addressing Student’s Difficulty on Mendelian Inheritance

Asian Conference on Interdisciplinary Research 2017

IAN REGGY B. PARING http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7612-9853 ianparing@gmail.com Department of Education-Panabo City Philippines The study on the Effectiveness of Strategic Intervention Material “Children Resemble Their Parents” was conducted at San Vicente National High School, Philippines from August to October 2016 following the quasi-experimental research design. Samples were determined using purposive sampling involving 49 students.

Z-test was used to determine the significant differences between the scores obtained during pre-test and post-test. The study sought to determine the mean percentage scores during pre-test and post-test; gain score between the two mean scores; and significant difference between the scores obtained during pre-test and posttest. Based on the findings, there was an increased in the student’s mastery level from 16% to 76% after the intervention of the SIM and showed a significant difference between mean scores. Thus, the SIM introduced improved students understanding on Mendelian Inheritance. Organizing seminars, workshop, and in-service training for teachers to become active in developing and implementing strategic intervention materials in the classroom.

Keywords: Education, pedagogy, Strategic Intervention Material, Mendelian inheritance, quasi-experimental design, Philippines

30

The Mansion Resort Hotel & Spa, Bali, Indonesia · September 15-17, 2017

DANCE YOUR INTELLIGENCE Abstracts of Performances Breaking Free: Expressing your true Potential GORAN BOGDANOVSKI Slovenia

HAI DAI NGUYEN Indonesia

28

This research is an initial attempt to illustrate the relationship between dance, kinesthetic intelligence and emotional intelligence. It has two major purposes: (1) to investigate how dance improvisation can be a regenerative modality to quickly establish trust for creative collaboration between individuals, groups, organizations and communities and (2) to demonstrate how practice of non-verbal communication through improvised dance can empower personal proprioception, deepen the relations within a group and improve dynamic wellness in communities.

The subjects of this research was tested with more than 2,500 participants in different age groups (from 18 - 60 years old) in 19 different countries and different educational contexts: from freelance art schools, art academies, public high schools, universities and corporations. Action research started in 2006 in Ljubljana (Slovenia) as unique community dance form and a long durational artistic – educational – social project, by providing participants with more than 80 tools for improvisation that they can implement in their own creations, relationships, work and in daily life. As an example, one of the introductory tool, tested in all above mentioned groups was a so called “Trust”, used with an aim to open the senses, connect to breathing, body, mind and emotions, to recognize your needs and fears and to develop greater trust in self and one’s partner through touch. Participants worked in pairs and one of them was asked to close the eyes in order to shut down the primary sense on which we usually rely our trust to the most, so to actively engage all other “exteroceptors”: ears, mouth and skin. The eyes-shut participant had to rely solely on a partner, who was asked to guide a person through the space by walking, running, rolling on the floor, exploring surrounding space and objects with clear information and intention through touch and then leaving the eyes-shut participant alone in the space to explore his own needs that guides him to movement and dance. At this point, the eyes-shut participant is fully empowered and invited to take a dance into space and a leading position in a partnership with a use of touch only, with aim to train the muscle memory and individual’s ability to perceive the position of a partner without the aid of vision. Then, the roles in the pairs change. The results reveal that participants are more dynamic, emotionally open, relaxed, sensitive and compassionate to each other after experiencing this exercise. They learned to trust body signals and impulses of each other, letting go or taking the control, becoming clear with propositions and intentions, overcoming the fear projected with the mind. Furthermore, they were more willing to trust, share and connect to each other after the workshop was finished.

Keywords: Dance, breaking free, trust, qualitative design, Bali, Indonesia

CreatingIntelligence Intelligencethrough throughthe theVoice Voiceofofthe theDeaf Dead Creating

TEBO AUMBARA Indonesia The psychology of the deaf is different from those who are not, and they are particularly sensitive. Often, their perception of themselves is influenced by the trauma and alienation they feel from their community’s perspective of them. Through the process of observing their own potential, they absorb information and apply it towards coping mechanisms through movement. Gathering information through dance and sign language gives them the ability to further their communication and gives them tools to grow intellectually and spiritually. This also gives them opportunities to be able to work and achieve independence through spiritual healing. Alma Hawkins theory from the book: Moving from Within- new method for dance. There are three important steps that must be passed in the process of dancing. The steps are: (1) stage-conducted (Exploration), (2) stage-experiments (Improvisation) and (3) stage-formation (Forming). Structurally, the Voice of Deaf is divided into five chapters: opening, the occurrence of the problem, the climax, arbitrate, and ending. In concurrent research data, we are looking at social and cultural currency in the area of economics (cost to sustain both actively and proactively) emotional, spiritual and psychological awareness. In the dance Voice of Deaf the embodiment of the Anthropological Theater observes the behavior of the person dancing with the side of light and dark, generating exploration methods in achieving through the forms of dance, music, poetry, and multimedia. The form of this performance is expected to provide solutions and education to the community in general and the deaf to have the confidence and have creative power in the context of dance. From a series of processes of this work, it is expected to trigger the deaf person’s ability to collaborate and integrate local wisdom with modern times.

The “Nada space” based on Nada Brahma Understanding of the Voice of Deaf is “sound of creation” from the mind, emotions and intellect of the deaf. It attempts to create “sound” from the movement of the body of the deaf dancer. The sense of sound or voice in this context is not in the literal sense, nor it is a mainstream comprehension of sound and music. The voice that cannot be taught/ heard by the sense of hearing people in general is due to the limited frequency of human hearing. By letting go of the literal definition of sound and music, we are able to create sound from movement.

Although I thought they could not integrate themselves into the dance world, because they could not follow or hear music; I just thought, “well just let them go” because dance is a different form of art. What has been shown is they only need their bodies to create music through dance because it is a form of non-verbal communication. My aim is to create space for “visual music” as we create music with our body.

Keywords: Dance, deaf, cultural currency, qualitative, Bali, Indonesia

Theme: Sustainable and Regenerative TheDevelopment Mansion Resort for Personal, Hotel & Spa, Organizational Bali, Indonesia and·Community September 15-17, Wellness 2017 through Interdisciplinary Research

Asian Conference on Interdisciplinary Research 2017

Asian Conference on Interdisciplinary Research 2017

SANDRA ANAIS Slovenia

31 28

Pelangi Samudera Samudera Pelangi RETNO TAN RETNO TAN (translated by Sidney NK) (translated by Sidney NK) Indonesia Indonesia

32

Pelangi Samudera is a multidisciplinary contemporary masterpiece packaging fashion design, dance, art and Pelangi Samudera is a multidisciplinary contemporary masterpiece packaging fashion design, dance, art and sport that Retno Tan experienced in her life as an art director. By involving some local people as performer sport that Retno Tan experienced in her life as an art director. By involving some local people as performer and visual artist, she hopes her work can encourage people and the younger generation to keep the world and visual artist, she hopes her work can encourage people and the younger generation to keep the world sustainable in their own creative ways. She thinks that since God has blessed our world and its contents with sustainable in their own creative ways. She thinks that since God has blessed our world and its contents with beauty and perfection, we have to be responsible in its preservation. beauty and perfection, we have to be responsible in its preservation.

Keywords: Dance, human consumptive attitude, pollution, qualitative, Bali, Indonesia Keywords: Dance, human consumptive attitude, pollution, qualitative, Bali, Indonesia

Activated Artistry Artistry – – Soultaksu: Soultaksu: An An Ecstatic Ecstatic Dance Dance Experience Experience Activated KAMAU ABAYOMI KAMAU ABAYOMI United States of America United States of America Every person on the planet is born a unique individual. The freedom to express thoughts and feeling honestly, Every person on the planet is born a unique individual. The freedom to express thoughts and feeling honestly, without negative judgments and imposition from outside forces attempting to control and/or shutdown the without negative judgments and imposition from outside forces attempting to control and/or shutdown the expression, is one of the most important things necessary to the healthy mind, body and spirit of the unique expression, is one of the most important things necessary to the healthy mind, body and spirit of the unique individual. When individuals are free to be who they are and do what they love, then communities thrive in individual. When individuals are free to be who they are and do what they love, then communities thrive in the spirit of creativity and unique sharing. Unfortunately, we are born into societies that are so filled with rules, the spirit of creativity and unique sharing. Unfortunately, we are born into societies that are so filled with rules, judgments and control, that the needs of the unique human individuals within the society are most often judgments and control, that the needs of the unique human individuals within the society are most often neglected. This leaves the individual imbalanced, stressed and lacking a healthy mind, body and spirit. One neglected. This leaves the individual imbalanced, stressed and lacking a healthy mind, body and spirit. One powerful solution is music and dance. powerful solution is music and dance.

“Soultaksu”: an ecstatic dance experience is a guided meditative dance that provides a musical journey into the “Soultaksu”: an ecstatic dance experience is a guided meditative dance that provides a musical journey into the depths of the unique individual’s being. This journey fosters the opportunity for the person to discover where depths of the unique individual’s being. This journey fosters the opportunity for the person to discover where the imbalances, stresses and limitations are within his/her mind and body, to then be released or transmuted, the imbalances, stresses and limitations are within his/her mind and body, to then be released or transmuted, allowing the unique spirit to come forth in movement that is healing and energizing. Once the imbalances, allowing the unique spirit to come forth in movement that is healing and energizing. Once the imbalances, stresses and limitations are released, one is then free enough to merge their dance with their unique higher stresses and limitations are released, one is then free enough to merge their dance with their unique higher expression, which is interwoven with the expression of their divine purpose. The unique individual can then expression, which is interwoven with the expression of their divine purpose. The unique individual can then interact with the community from their highest, most authentic Self. interact with the community from their highest, most authentic Self.

Keywords: Dance, activated artistry, ecstatic dance, qualitative, Bali, Indonesia Keywords: Dance, activated artistry, ecstatic dance, qualitative, Bali, Indonesia

Theme: Sustainable and Regenerative Development for Personal, Organizational and Community Wellness through Interdisciplinary Research Theme: Sustainable and Regenerative TheDevelopment Mansion Resort for Personal, Hotel & Spa, Organizational Bali, Indonesia and· Community September 15-17, Wellness 2017 through Interdisciplinary Research

Asian AsianConference ConferenceononInterdisciplinary InterdisciplinaryResearch Research2017 2017

Asian Conference on Interdisciplinary Research 2017

Human consumptive attitude in an urban society increases in line with the development of industry trying to Human consumptive attitude in an urban society increases in line with the development of industry trying to meet all the needs of the market. However, that creates more trashes, and in turn pollutes the earth, sea and meet all the needs of the market. However, that creates more trashes, and in turn pollutes the earth, sea and air. The pollution damages the stability and sustainability of the environment, killing wildlife and destroying air. The pollution damages the stability and sustainability of the environment, killing wildlife and destroying natural resources. Having experienced diving in the depths of the ocean and witnessing the unique and natural natural resources. Having experienced diving in the depths of the ocean and witnessing the unique and natural environment with richness of colour and sea life in all shapes and sizes, one will truly realise the beauty of environment with richness of colour and sea life in all shapes and sizes, one will truly realise the beauty of the world God blessed us with, and how some people take that for granted and proceed to destroy it. This the world God blessed us with, and how some people take that for granted and proceed to destroy it. This experience became the inspiration in creating this work of Fashion Arts as a way of expressing concern towards experience became the inspiration in creating this work of Fashion Arts as a way of expressing concern towards environmental pollution. environmental pollution.

29 29

Kecak as Civic and Cultural Transformation

Paradox Pollack United States of America

The purpose of this research is to show how the value of the Kecak as collective action in ceremonial ritual unifies the purpose, functionality and wellness of a participating community, embodies leadership as creative cooperation and with coded signaling achieves dynamic results in the collective field of agreements.

Once this fluency is created among the entire group, individual members of the whole are invited into the center of the circle where creative autonomy is encouraged through dance and vocal expression.

Looking at the stakeholders of any community as parts of a whole this research seeks to understand how each section of the whole operate in synchronized agreement because of their connection to the unifying pulse of the musical improvisational score which shifts dynamically in tempo and volume through the signaling of the cuing from the center of the kecak circle.

Over the last 20 years, I have been facilitating the ceremony of the Kecak as a tool for engaged play and art creation I have found that the state of participants embody the qualities of joy, playfulness, committed action, focused team cooperation, and a willingness to have complete focus towards the center of the circle of engagement. This has been documented through video with populations from 15 to 1000 participants over the last 18 years.

In conclusion, my research to seek an innovative approach to an ancient traditional modality created as a collective celebration to overcome obstacles and feel a greater sense of connection and collective power. In these times we must use every tool possible to increase the value of human capacity for cooperation and systemic transformation, empowerment of dynamic leadership for collective response to local crisis and inspire personal and collective wellness.

Keywords: Dance, Kecak, ceremonial ritual, qualitative, Bali, Indonesia

Theme: Sustainable and Regenerative Development for Personal, Organizational and Community Wellness through Interdisciplinary Research

Asian Conference on Interdisciplinary Research 2017

The Kecak ritual is a microcosm of the functioning society through patterns of rhythm and gesture within a modality of music, dance and storytelling, can unify the participants through its practice. The Kecak’s improvisation and structural form allows each person to be able to enter the center and be fully supported, heard or transformed by the entirety of the population.

Each citation of the Kecak in anthropological literature refers to it as a transformational practice.

Investigating the practical and qualified value of this element of the Kecak practice is the center of the research I am engaged in.

I will begin in terms of applying this to the fears and turbulence of each community, connecting first with the core identified stakeholders, then locating the appropriate specialists associated with the dynamics of the populations involved, working with the emergent understanding of the needs of each community. When all of these parameters have been identified and communicated to participants, a ceremonial structure to bringing the fears and turbulence to the center of the Kecak circle is engaged using the non-verbal intuitive and energetic practice to transform tension and polarity to a unification through music, dance, storytelling and civic council.

The Kecak leader empowers the members of each section to connect deeply with one another (through eye contact, turning to check with one another) with the goal of keeping their unique rhythm strong and confident - the strengthening of community. Once the sections are fluid and empowered, the leader teaches the entire group how to change tempo and volume all together as a whole - illustrating and embodying the dynamic fluency of a functioning harmonic society.

The dynamic Kecak leader connects with each section teaching specific rhythms and movements unique to that group, responding moment to moment to the needs of the community to guide the inter-relationships between the operating segments to maintain coherence of the whole. All of the rhythms are designed to eventually create visual and auditory harmony when expressed together at the same time.

33