Philippine Conference on Multidisciplinary Research 2019 Book of Abstracts

Contents

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02 06 08 12 15 16 17 19

Messages Conference Programme Paper Presentations Schedules Awards 1st Keynote Speech 2nd Keynote Speech Abstract Synthesis Paper Presentations

PCMR 2019 • April 27-29, 2019

ASTR Book of Abstracts

ASTR Research Journal 1

Hotel Supreme Convention Plaza, Baguio City, Philippines

MESSAGE

Dear Researchers and Educators:

W

elcome to the PCMR 2019 hosted by the Asian Society of Teachers for Research, Inc., Pangasinan State University-School of Advanced Studies and Northwestern University! ASTR’s first Philippine conference for 2019, the Philippine Conference on Multidisciplinary Research will be held on April 27-29, 2019 at the Hotel Supreme Convention Plaza, Baguio City, Philippines.

It is a high appreciation for attending this conference because we can get involved in this forum with you all, the beloved researchers and educators. Today is the era of digitalization and the Industry revolution 4.0, but gathering in this kind of conference is also a means of having a great breakthrough for our innovation. It is the innovation to cultivate or knowledge and science we have been preoccupied with.

The theme is fascinatingly appropriate that is “Developing Research Skills across Disciplines.”

This means that we are in various disciplines of sciences but we still try to formulate our strategy in research. By doing so, we can create our state-of-the arts research strategy using multidisciplinary approaches.

As a researcher, I would like to express my gratitude to you all and the committee who have been insatiable to make us united for the same purpose: getting our profession to be worldwide recognized.

This forum is the place for our opportunities to exchange our ides and share our experiences.

God bless you all!

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Dr. Djuwari President of IASPER, Director of Language Laboratory, STIE Perbanas Surabaya, Indonesia.

PCMR 2019 • April 27-29, 2019 PCMR 2019 • April 27-29, 2019

MESSAGE

T

he Asian Society of Teachers for Research, Inc. (ASTR) is continuously becoming a trademark of innovation with regard to research especially educational researches. Through their initiative, passion and determination, developing research skills across disciplines have been made and will be disseminated to further enhance its development which could be a good catalyst for the improvement of over-all educational system and processes. With the advent of various research conferences in different parts of South East Asia, Middle East and eventually in other countries worldwide as spearheaded by ASTR, research results have been utilized and not just kept in the four corners of schools’ and universities’ libraries. To continue upholding its mission of disseminating results of researches, ASTR will again move forward to continue its quest so that it could contribute towards the improvement of the quality of life of every individual in this world where we all co-exist. Teachers and researchers in the academe can converge with one goal in mind, and that is, to help make a difference not only as an educator but also as a being worthy of emulating.

Again, keep learning, doing and sharing to help make a better world to live in.

LORINA S. VILLANUEVA, Ed.D. Vice Principal of Research and Publication Philippine School Doha

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Hotel Supreme Convention Plaza, Baguio City, Philippines

MESSAGE

Greetings from Northwestern University!

I

t is our pleasure to present to you this Book of Abstracts of the research papers presented during the Philippine Conference on Multidisciplinary Research 2019 held at the Hotel Supreme Convention Plaza in Baguio City, Philippines.

Northwestern University is honored to partner once again with the Asian Society of Teachers for Research for this event. This event gives researchers from the academe the opportunity to contribute to the body of knowledge that will help continue the development of the Philippines to the benefit of its countrymen and other stakeholders.

It is our desire that the new knowledge generated through the research works presented here result in the development of new technologies, techniques and programs that will improve productivity and growth and uplift the human condition in the Philippines and abroad. May these also serve as a source of inspiration and new ideas for further research to be conducted in these fields.

Fiat Lux!

ATTY. FERDINAND S. NICOLAS University President Northwestern University Philippines

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PCMR 2019 • April 27-29, 2019

MESSAGE

Warm greetings to Asian Society of Teachers for Research (ASTR) family and Participants of the 1st Philippine Conference on Multidisciplinary Research (PCMR).

I

n the name of PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY-SCHOOL OF ADVANCED STUDIES (PSUSAS), I am so honored to inform everybody that this noble endeavor is one of the many ways for us to achieve our vision in becoming an ASEAN Premier State University. As we all know “RESEARCH” is now the call of the 21st century. Developing and enriching the potentials within each one of us is a mission embraced by ASTR and PSU-SAS that is why our “heads, hands and hearts” meet together for a special purpose. As we hone our research skills and exchange ideas through research results, let us always bear in mind that God is always with us and will never fail to nourish our body and soul as long as we work for the humanity’s common good.

I then encourage everyone to continually support activities like this especially if it is initiated by ASTR because I personally believe that working hand in hand with ASTR and with you as well my dear 1st PCMR participants at Hotel Supreme Convention Plaza, Baguio City, Philippines will help us to traverse the path of excellent service delivery.

Long live ASTR and my sincere thanks for accommodating School of Advanced Studies as your co-host. I am personally proud that we are one in enhancing the research capabilities of our countrymen by instilling in them knowledge production, dissemination and utilization for countryside development.

To the participant-research enthusiasts, may others emulate your spirit and love for research field.

You are making a remarkable contribution to the Philippine Society and for sure your respective institutions are very proud of you.

On behalf of our University President, SAS faculty and students, my warmest CONGRATULATIONS to all for a job well done and MABUHAY po tayong lahat!

ADONIS S. BAUTISTA, DBA. Executive Director Pangasinan State University-School of Advanced Studies

Hotel Supreme Convention Plaza, Baguio City, Philippines

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Philippine Conference on Multidisciplinary Research 2019 April 27-29, 2019 Hotel Supreme Convention Plaza, Baguio City, Philippines Co-hosted by:

Conference Program Theme: “Developing Research Skills Across Disciplines” DAY 1 • April 27, 2019

8:01 – 9:00a.m.

Registration 9:01 – 9:10a.m.

9:11 – 9:20 a.m.

Opening Prayer Dr. Jomar L. Aban Assistant Professor IV Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University-North La Union Campus

9:36 – 10:00 a.m.

Keynote Speech 1 Prof. Dr. Romeo D. Caturao University Professor University of Antique-Tario-Lim Memorial Campus

10:01– 10:10 a.m.

Awarding Ceremony Research Advocacy Award Best Abstract Award Best Paper Award

National Anthem of the Republic of the Philippines University Hymn Pangasinan State University University Hymn Northwestern University Laoag

Welcome Remarks and Declaration of the Opening of the Conference Dr. Rosanna D. Gonzales Pangasinan State University-School of Advanced Studies

Philippines

9: 21 – 9:30 a.m.

PCMR 2019 Declaration: Synthesis of Abstracts Mr. Billy Joel B. Ramos University of San Jose-Recoletos

Philippines

9:31– 9:36 a.m.

Introduction of Keynote Speaker 1

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PCMR 2019 • April 27-29, 2019

10:11-10:15 a.m.

Introduction of Keynote Speaker 2

10:16 – 10:50 a.m.

10:51-10:55 a.m.

Keynote Speech 2 Dr. Genaro V. Japos President Philippine Association of Institutions for Research, Inc.

10:56-12:05 p.m.

PAPER PRESENTATION

12:06-1:00 p.m

Lunchbreak

1:01 – 5:00p.m.

PAPER PRESENTATION

Coffee Break

DAY 2 • April 28, 2019 8:01 – 9:00 a.m.

Registration

9:01 – 9:20 a.m.

9:20-12:00 n.n.

12:01 – 1:00 p.m.

1:01 – 2:30 p.m.

Invocation PAPER PRESENTATION Lunchbreak PAPER PRESENTATION

2:31 – 4:00 p.m.

Awarding Ceremonies

Best Oral Presenter Award

Awarding of Certificates to the Participants Grand Pictorial

4:01 -4:10 pm Closing Remarks Dr. Lori Marseli L. De Castro Northwestern University

Philippines DAY 3 • April 29, 2019 8:01 – 5:00 p.m.

Individual Exploration of Baguio City, Philippines

Master of Ceremonies

Ms. Jocelyn V. Escobar Pangasinan State University-School of Advanced Studies

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Hotel Supreme Convention Plaza, Baguio City, Philippines

PAPER PRESENTATIONS Day 1: April 27, 2019; CONCURRENT ROOM 1 Time

Title of Paper

Presenter/Institution/Country SET A (PLENARY) MARIA IRINEA S. CANDOLITA University of Southern Mindanao/ USMARC

10:56 -11;15 am

Nutritional Analysis of 14 Indigenous Vegetables and Six Wild Edible Fungi and their Food Products

11:16-11:35 am

Instantaneous Growth Rates of Isochrysis galbana at Different Salinity Levels and Nutrient Concentrations

11:36-11:55 am

Isolation, Molecular Identification, Phylogenetic JOMAR L. ABAN Analysis and Biodiversity of Root Symbiotic Fungi (RSF) Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State Universityfrom Drynaria quercifolia L. North La Union Campus

11:56-12:05 pm 12:05-1:00pm

JIGZCEL DIVINE F. BASOY University of Southern Mindanao/ CHEFS JAY LORENZ C. BILBAO University of Antique Laboratory High School

OPEN FORUM SET A LUNCH BREAK SET B1 (CONCURRENT)

1:01 – 1:20pm

Fit or Misfit: Employability of the Technical Vocational Livelihood Students through their Work Immersion

1:21 – 1:40pm

Implementation and Students’ Performance in Work Immersion Program of Senior High School

ARBEL S. ICBAN Sta. Cruz Integrated High School JUDITH C. ODFEMININA Bohol Island State University

1:41 – 2:00 pm

Predictors of Job Performance of Nueva Vizcaya State University Faculty Members

MICHAEL FRANCIS C. GARMA Nueva Vizcaya State University

2:01-2:20 pm

Implementation of School-Based Management Practices in Balungao District, Philippines

JOCELYN V. ESCOBAR Pangasinan State University-School of Advanced Studies

2:21 – 2:30pm

Open Forum (SET B1) SET C1 (CONCURRENT)

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2:31 – 2:50pm

Mathematical Vocabulary and Comprehension Competence of Pupils

MARABELLE LOMIBAO Pangasinan State University-School of Advanced Studies

2:51 – 3:10 pm

Pedagogy in Learning Mathematics among Gifted Pupils

EMMANUEL A. GALOS Zamboanga City State Polytechnic College

3:11 – 3:30 pm

Mathematics Learning through Computer-Aided Instruction: Basis for Teaching Module

FHELMAR I. RONDILLAS St. Michael’s College

3:31-3:50 pm

Integration of Ethnomathematics in the High School Curriculum

EDRIAN D. SARAOS Mariano Marcos State University

3:51-4:10 pm

Use of Mobile Phone Applications in Teaching Mathematics

JAY-R H. LEONIDAS Department of Science and Technology - Science Education Institute

4:11– 4:30 pm

Open Forum (SET C1)

PCMR 2019 • April 27-29, 2019

PAPER PRESENTATIONS Day 1: April 27, 2019; CONCURRENT ROOM 2 Time

Title of Paper

Presenter/Institution/Country LUNCH BREAK

12:05-1:00pm

SET B2 (CONCURRENT) 1:21 – 1:40pm

Readiness of Teachers and Students on Disaster Risk Reduction Management in Selected Private Elementary Schools

ANALYN O. PABLO Pangasinan State University-School of Advanced Studies

1:41 – 2:00 pm

Development Orientation and Governance of Municipal and City Government Officials in Western Pangasinan, Philippines

REYNALDO T. GELIDO Pangasinan State University School of Advanced Studies

2:01-2:20 pm

The Gulayan sa Paaralan Program of the Department of Education

AGAPITO T. BALLESTEROS Pangasinan State University-School of Advanced Studies Open Forum (SET B2)

2:21 – 2:30pm

SET C2 (CONCURRENT)

2:31 – 2:50pm

“Well… Y’know… Okay…” An Analysis of Discourse Markers’ Pragmatic Functions and Syntactic Positions among Senior High School English Teachers’ Spoken Discourse: Implications for Language Teaching

2:51 – 3:10 pm

Paggamit ng Dalawang Estratehiyang Pangkomunikasyon sa Pagtuturo ng Filipino

3:11 – 3:30 pm

Composition Writing Ability of Mariano Marcos ROSALIE J. BACISTER State University Laboratory High School Students Mariano Marcos State University Laboratory High School (Science Curriculum)

3:31– 3:40 pm

Open Forum (SET C2)

EDUARDO S. BARTOLO JR. Sta. Cruz High Integrated School

MARLYN I. DIAZ Pangasinan State University-School of Advanced Studies

3:41 – 4:00pm

Misconceptions of High School Students in Optics

RHEA M. CABRERA Mariano Marcos State University

4:01 – 4:20 pm

Laboratory Manual in Chemistry 101 for Students of a State University

RAQUEL L. DAGANTA Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University-Mid-La Union Campus

4:21 – 4:40 pm

Enhancing the Pedagogical Skills of Physics Mentors in the 21st Century

VICTORIA M. RUGUIAN Mariano Marcos State University

4:41-5:00 pm

Science Instruction in DMMMSU-NLUC College of Education: Perceptions on the Competence of Science Teachers along Instruction

JOMAR L. ABAN Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State UniversityNorth La Union Campus

5:01-5:10 pm

Open Forum (SET D2)

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Hotel Supreme Convention Plaza, Baguio City, Philippines

PAPER PRESENTATIONS Day 2: April 28, 2019; CONCURRENT ROOM 1 Time

Title of Paper

Presenter/Institution/Country SET E1

9:01-9:20 am

Identification and Classification of the Geometric Patterns of the Hablon Design Using the Crystallographic and Frieze Group

JOEFEL T. LIBO-ON Centro Escolar University

9:21-9:40 am

Using Path Analysis in Determining Predictors that Affect Average Point per Game (APPG) Performance of Players from the CIT University’s Men’s Basketball Team

JEAN MARIE D. CANDO Cebu Institute of Technology-University

9:41-10:00 am

Wind Profile of Ilocos Norte Wind Farm Industry

ALEX C. GARIBAY, JR Mariano Marcos State University

10:01-10:10 am

OPEN FORUM SET E1 SET F1

10:11 -10:30 am

Development and Evaluation of Refrigerant Recovery and Recycling Machine

RODRIGO G. BUSTILLOS JR. Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State UniversityMid La Union Campus

10:31-10:50 am

Sustainability Assessment of Selected Philippine Accredited Farm Tourism Sites: Basis for Proposed National Accreditation Guidelines

BENIGNO GLENN R. RICAFORTE De La Salle-College of Saint Benilde

10:51-11:10 am

Carbon Footprint Inventory of Selected Communities of Laoag City, Philippines towards the Enhancement of Extension Program of NWU

FE B. PUNGTILAN Northwestern University

11:11-11:40 am

Analysis of Rainfall Data in Ilocos Norte, Philippines

SHIVHERLEY BENEDICT FELAND T. DOLORES Mariano Marcos State University

11:41-11:50 nn

OPEN FORUM SET F1`

11:51-1:00 pm

LUNCH BREAK SET G1

1:01 – 1:20 pm

Political Attributes of Millennials in a State University in Zambales, Philippines

1:21 – 1:40 pm

The Long-Term Effects of Rehabilitation Program for Children in Conflict with the Law

1;41 – 2:00 pm

2:01-2:20 pm

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2:21 – 2:30 pm

Causes of Recidivism in Ilocos Norte, Philippines

Awareness of Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology Student’s Regarding the Anti-Hazing Law

ERIC DS. EBRO President Ramon Magsaysay State University MARY CHRIS A. AUSTRIA-CRUZ Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology ELIZABETH S. MANUEL Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology JONAH B. BADUA Northwestern University RENATO L. VIROLA Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology JEFFEL RYAN Z. BULANDOS Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology

Open Forum SET G

PCMR 2019 • April 27-29, 2019

PAPER PRESENTATIONS Day 2: April 28, 2019; CONCURRENT ROOM 2 Time

Title of Paper

Presenter/Institution/Country SET E2 RENATO L. VIROLA Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology

9:01-9:20 am

Free Education in the State Universities and Colleges in the Philippines (Higher Education Institutes): The Continuing Saga

9:21-9:40 am

CAROLYN P. DARAMAN Pangasinan State University-School of Advanced Transformational Leadership of Elementary School Studies Administrators of Mangatarem, Pangasinan ROSANNA D. GONZALES Pangasinan State University-School of Advanced Studies

9:41-10:00 am

Experiential Learning Courses: Teachers’ Standpoints

JEFFEL RYAN Z. BULANDOS Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology

DEMETRIA A. CORPUZ Nueva Vizcaya State University

OPEN FORUM SET E2

10:01-10:10am

SET F2 Academic Stress and Coping Strategies of Filipino College Students in Private and Public Universities in 10:11 -10:30 am Central Luzon

MARY CHRIS A. AUSTRIA-CRUZ Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology

ELIZABETH S. MANUEL Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology Ethical Decision-Making among Graduate Students: WILFRED F. CABAUATAN 10:31-10:50 am Basis for a Capability-Building Program Saint Louis College Impact of Financial Literacy on Level of Stress among RODOLFO C. MORENO 10:51-11:10 am Business Education Students North Luzon Philippines State College 11:11-11:40 am

Graduates’ Employability, Employers’ Feedback

Exit

Evaluation,

and PETER C. BUSTAMANTE Pangasinan State University-Infanta Campus

11:41-11:50nn

OPEN FORUM SET F2`

11:51-1:00pm

LUNCH BREAK SET G2

1:21 – 1:40pm

The Impact of Poong Nazareno on the Way of Life of DAN LHERY S. GREGORIOUS Devotees Metro Manila College

1;41 – 2:00 pm

Lived Experiences of People with Dyslexia

2:01-2:20 pm

MARY ANN GARCIA ABLIHAN Metro Manila College

Two Faces of a Mom: Lived Experiences of Student KAREN PARANADA-ANDRES Mothers in a State University President Ramon Magsaysay State University

2:21 – 2:30pm

Open Forum SET G2

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Hotel Supreme Convention Plaza, Baguio City, Philippines

PCMR 2019 • April 27-29, 2019

BEST ABSTRACT AWARD DESCRIPTIVE-QUANTITATIVE DESIGN

Title of Study: Use of Mobile Phone Applications in Teaching Mathematics

JAY-R H. LEONIDAS

Department of Science and Technology - Science Education Institute

QUALITATIVE DESIGN (ETHNOGRAPHIC-EXPLORATORY)

Title of Study: Identification and Classification of the Geometric Patterns of the Hablon Design Using the Crystallographic and Frieze Group

JOEFEL T. LIBO-ON Centro Escolar University

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Criteria: Compliance to word count -15% Content & Sequence- 25% Completeness of keywords- 10% Results of TBQA- 20% Novelty & newness of results -30%

PCMR 2019 • April 27-29, 2019

BEST PAPER AWARD DESCRIPTIVE-QUANTITATIVE DESIGN

Title of Study: Science Instruction in DMMMSU-NLUC College of Education: Perceptions on the Competence of Science Teachers along Instruction

JOMAR L. ABAN

Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University-North La Union Campus

QUALITATIVE DESIGN (CASE STUDY)

Title of Study: Sustainability Assessment of Selected Philippine Accredited Farm Tourism Sites: Basis for Proposed National Accreditation Guidelines

BENIGNO GLENN R. RICAFORTE De La Salle- College of Saint Benilde

Criteria: Contibution to new knowledge- 25% Scientific Writing- 30% Quality of References- 20% Grammar and Originality- 15% Adherence to Conference Theme- 10% Hotel Supreme Convention Plaza, Baguio City, Philippines

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BEST PAPER AWARD EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN

JAY LORENZ C. BILBAO University of Antique Laboratory High School

ROMEO D. CATURAO

University of Antique, Tario-Lim Memorial Campus

Title of Study: Instantaneous Growth Rates of Isochrysis galbana at Different Salinity Levels and Nutrient Concentrations

Title of Study: Isolation, Molecular Identification, Phylogenetic Analysis and Biodiversity of Root Symbiotic Fungi (RSF) from Drynaria quercifolia L.

JOMAR L. ABAN

Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University-North La Union Campus

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Criteria: Contibution to new knowledge- 25% Scientific Writing- 30% Quality of References- 20% Grammar and Originality- 15% Adherence to Conference Theme- 10%

PCMR 2019 • April 27-29, 2019

Speech Dr. Romeo D. Caturao University Professor University of Antique-Tario-Lim Memorial Campus Philippines

Developing Research Skills Across Disciplines

D

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eveloping research skills across discipline requires faculty members with strong background in research who could teach the students the rudiments of all types of research based on their field of specialization. This means that this faculty member has publications in the international refereed journals indexed in Scopus, Thomson Reuters and has an h-index of more than 4. That is my idea if we want to develop the research skills of a neophyte researchers. These research skills provide in depth information, detailed analysis and suitable advice after researching extensively on a certain topic. It includes formulating the problem statement, referring to good resources, and explaining the findings and observations, including the application of an appropriate statistical tools. If a particular professor possessed this kind of qualifications to teach research, they would be able to teach the students how to define the research objectives clearly. Only when they have clarity on the objective, they can proceed with their research. Clarity could be writing the research gaps, why they want to do this kind of research and what they want to achieve.

Another thing is that, students would be able to explore some serious readings online and off-line search about appropriate papers, articles, and reports that would give them a thorough idea about the topic. Jotting down the key findings would then be the most important considerations that the students would be able to gain from a certain professor. Everything the students have read is impossible to remember. It is therefore very important to write down all pertinent literatures so that they can refer to them later when the research notes are complete.

Professors teaching research should encourage their students to talk to experts. Because when you are conducting research, it is extremely important to find area experts and talk to them. Experts could provide insights about their research which they couldn’t find in any research journal and could assist them in putting their key findings together to arrive at a certain conclusion. Never miss an opportunity to meet someone new with a multidisciplinary knowledge in research and have publications in the most widely used indexes in the natural and social sciences issued by the Institute for Scientific Information (different editions of Current Contents, Scopus and Thomson Reuters). It is difficult to find area experts which are very important to any research endeavor. The wider your network, the easier it will be for you to reach out to these experts.

During the conduct of any type of research, students would be able to collect and recycle information and stockpile contacts. Students or neophyte researcher should be able to organize everything so that this information could be found by them when needed. Organizational skills in students are usually beneficial in various ways, but this would help a lot while conducting research, be it for a school project or to solve problem at workplace. Referencing everything that has been searched could be maintained in a separate files or folders for separate sections with labels. If something has been forgotten while researching about a topic, it could be understood again just by navigating through the files and findings.

Research skills are essential in every phase of a neophyte researcher – be it in school, college or workplace, it doesn’t have to be tedious or difficult. In advancing and staying organized, can make any daunting research task easier.

Moreover, avoiding plagiarism is very important in developing one’s research skills. Whatever they read during the research process, wherever they read it from, if they are noting it down, they won’t forget to mention the source too. If they don’t refer a certain item, it is considered to be their original work. However, if someone can prove that it was copied from a certain source, and haven’t cited them, they will have to face serious consequences, as plagiarism is a crime in most countries.

Encouraging, and guiding neophyte researchers to publish in an international refereed journal indexed in the natural and social sciences issued by the Institute for Scientific Information is developing a research skill across discipline.

Development depends on the quality of the research output, which in turn relies on correct research practice.

Finally, higher institutions should develop quality assurance tests to make their scientific process scholarly with integrity in the entire research process.

PCMR 2019 • April 27-29, 2019

Speech GENARO V. JAPOS, PhD, DoDT, DM, DHRM President Philippine Association of Institutions for Research, Inc. Philippines

Research for Industry 4.0 The soul of Industry 4.0 is artificial intelligence (AI), which defines our new civilization. AI now needs to be purchased by schools and made as framework of governance and research. The existing technologies in offices need to be AI connected so we could be more productive, efficient and accurate. Today, Alexa from Amazon, Google Assistant and Siri of Iphone are becoming integral to daily tasks. Robots are more advanced but expensive.

In research, the use of AI is convenient and practical just by asking questions to AI technologies from information, scientific sources, specific methods and even interpretation. The how and why questions are now answerable by AI.

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PCMR 2019 • April 27-29, 2019

of

Abstracts BILLY JOEL B. RAMOS

M

University of San Jose-Recoletos

ultidisciplinary Research involves a coordinated effort that brings together several disciplines to provide complementary contributions in a service of a common goal (Fiore & Salas, 2007). That being said, no scientific problems, coupled by today’s technological domain, can be solved by only one specific discipline alone as each personal, institutional, and societal challenges are far more complex and encompassing.

Multidisciplinary involves the perspectives of different approaches and disciplines providing deeper and thorough understanding of the problem at hand and promotes teamwork leaving no room for selfishness, ambiguity and intolerance bringing forth solutions that are comprehensive, foolproof and often enduring.

With the theme “Developing Research Skills Across Disciplines,” the Philippine Conference on Multidisciplinary Research recognizes this sublime importance as we gather here in Hotel Supreme Convention Plaza in the City of Pines, Baguio City, Philippines to hear the research outputs highlighting multidisciplinarity as an approach to research.

A significant number of studies dealt with education, pedagogy, teaching and learning in the various subjects and disciplines. Studies on Mathematics learning through computer-aided instruction, integration of Ethnomathematics, and use of mobile phone applications in teaching Mathematics provided insights on how these tools and pedagogical techniques affected students’ academic performance, study habits, attitudes, and competency in Mathematics. Students’ competency and teachers’ proficiency and skills were the focus on the studies on Science Education: misconceptions on high school students in Optics, laboratory manual in Chemistry 101 for students, enhancing the pedagogical skills of Physics mentors and perceptions on the competence of Science teachers along instruction. Moreover, the analysis of English teachers’ discourse markers and two strategies in teaching the Filipino subject were highlighted in the studies on Language Education.

Studies utilizing the qualitative research design is also properly represented in this year’s Philippine Conference on Multidisciplinary Research 2019. The phenomenological research design was used in the studies on devotees of the Black Nazarene, people living with Dyslexia, and student mothers in a state university revealing emerging themes in their lived experiences. The case study approach was used in presenting the different challenges and concerns that Campus Advisers are facing in performing their responsibilities. The ethnographic-exploratory design was used in the study of the hablon design using crystallographic and Frieze group was used to fully understand the process of making this handloom textile of the Hiligaynon and Karay-a speakers.

Hotel Supreme Convention Plaza, Baguio City, Philippines

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A good number of experimental research outputs will also be presented in this forum. The nutritional analysis of 14 indigenous vegetables showed the presence of useful phytochemicals such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and saponins. The study on the instantaneous growth rates of Isochrysis galbana at different salinity levels revealed which salinity and nutrient levels provide maximum growth and reproduction of microalgae.

The results of the study on the phylogenetic relationship, colonization, occurrence and diversity of symbiotic fungi found in Drynaria quercifolia highlighted the necessity to understand the diversity of root fungal symbionts and the presence of dominating species in determining their impact on the ecosystem.

Advancements in research and technology should be an aid in the conservation, sustainability and resiliency of the environment. The development and evaluation of refrigerant recovery and recycling machine proved to be economically viable, environmentally sound, and socially acceptable as it is an effort to mitigate ozone depleting substances. A proposed national accreditation guidelines was materialized as a result of the case study on the sustainability assessment of selected Philippine accredited farm tourism sites. As a benchmark in planning for future alternatives for sustainable communities, an inventory of the Carbon footprint of selected communities in Laoag City was realized.

Research outputs in social sciences, politics and governance are also well-represented in this conference.

The study on the political attributes of millennials in a state university explored the perceptions and outlooks of millennials towards knowledge, involvement and values as attributes of political culture. The study on the development orientation and governance of Municipal and City Government Officials in Western Pangasinan showed the assessment of their governance through the different areas and development orientation indicators. Studies on the long-term effects of rehabilitation program for children in conflict with law, causes of recidivism, and awareness of students regarding the Anti-Hazing Law provide data that could help implementing agencies, stakeholders, program implementers and law enforcers to be able to ensure safety of the affected children, group or students and the society, as a whole, through the proper implementation of the law.

From these spectrum of research outputs in Education, Sustainable Tourism, Ecology, Business and Management, Pure Sciences, Social Sciences, Politics and Governance, and Culture and the Arts, among others, the Philippine Conference on Multidisciplinary 2019 will surely be an eye-opening, thought provoking and mind-nourishing experience for all of us. I congratulate the Asian Society of Teachers for Research, Inc. and the institutional co-hosts for this conference: Northwestern University and Pangasinan State University-School of Advanced Studies for gathering these research outputs across disciplines.

As the studies to be presented in this conference are fruits in the labors of love and products in the pursuit of knowledge, let us reward each of the presenters the gift of listening and the joy of asking relevant questions.

Thank you!

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PCMR 2019 • April 27-29, 2019

Nutritional Analysis of 14 Indigenous Vegetables and Six Wild Edible Fungi and their Food Products MARIA IRINEA S. CANDOLITA https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0121-6025 aeniri_c@yahoo.com University of Southern Mindanao/ CAS/USMARC Philippines

JIGZCEL DIVINE F. BASOY https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2618-8254 j.basoy@yahoo.com University of Southern Mindanao/ CHEFS Philippines

Indigenous Vegetables (IVs) and Wild Edible Fungi (WEF) are very useful to Filipino households in terms of food security and economy especially when these same vegetables and wild edible fungi would be grown in backyards, home gardens, and even as part of the food production and nutrition campaign in the Grade Schools (K – 12). Fourteen IVs (Alugbati, Alusiman, Ampalayang-Ligaw, Pako, Pansit-Pansitan, Papait, Pulang-Kamote, Kulitis, Saluyot, Talinum, Pipinong-Ligaw, Kamote-Kamotehan, Sayote, and Gabi and six WEF (Auricularia, Ganoderma, Pleurotus, Schizophyllum, Termitomyces, Volvariella) tested in this study showed the presence of useful phytochemicals such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins. Both IVs and WEF showed nutritive values and they are all good sources of nutrients like protein, fiber, carbohydrates, minerals, and fats including moisture. Descriptive Analysis on the phytochemicals and the AOAC Official Methods of Analysis (1975) with modifications by Cagampang et al, 1980, was employed in the study. Many useful food products or recipes could be derived from these IVs and WEF such as muffins, cookies, pickles, teas, relishes, salads, gummy candies, chips, and jellies. Friedman and Wilcoxon Tests were employed for their organoleptic evaluation.

Keywords: Alugbati, Alusiman, Ampalayang-Ligaw, Pako, Pansit-Pansitan, Papait, Pulang-Kamote, Kulitis, Saluyot, Talinum, Pipinong-Ligaw, Kamote-Kamotehan, Sayote, Gabi, Auricularia, Ganoderma, Pleurotus, Schizophyllum, Termitomyces, Volvariella, nutrients, nutrition, phytochemicals *Co-author: Naomi G. Tangonan, PhD University of Southern Mindanao/ USMARC

Instantaneous Growth Rates of Isochrysis galbana at Different Salinity Levels and Nutrient Concentrations JAY LORENZ C. BILBAO https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6080-7910 shotijaylorenz@gmail.com University of Antique Laboratory High School Philippines

ROMEO D. CATURAO https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9923-4859 romeocaturao@gmail.com

University of Antique, Tario-Lim Memorial Campus

Philippines

Salinity and nutrient levels are the two most important parameters for maximum growth and reproduction of microalgae. This study investigated the instantaneous growth rates of Isochrysis galbana at different salinities (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 ppt) and nutrient concentrations (100% and reduced f2 of 90%, 80%, 70%, and 60%) with three replicates each arranged in complete randomized design. Average cell density (cells/ml), and instantaneous growth rates (K’) were monitored every 24 hours. Temperature was maintained at 180C throughout the experiment. One Way ANOVA was used to analyze the data to determine significant difference among treatments at 0.05 level of significance. Results of experiment 1 showed that ACD was significantly higher at lower salinities of 100/00, 50/00, 150/00 compared from salinities of 00/00, 250/00, 300/00. Highest average K’ occurred at same salinities but there was no significant difference detected among treatments. During the second experiment, ACD was highest at 100% f2 but not significant from other concentrations. Average K’ has no significant difference among other treatments. This means that I. galbana can be cultured at lower salinities and reduced f2 nutrients concentration and can serve as natural live food for freshwater species of fish during the larval stage.

Keywords: Instantaneous growth rates, Isochrysis galbana, salinity levels, nutrient concentrations, experimental design, Philippines

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Isolation, Molecular Identification, Phylogenetic Analysis and Biodiversity of Root Symbiotic Fungi (RSF) from Drynaria quercifolia L. JOMAR L. ABAN https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3068-5648 jomar_d2@yahoo.com Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State UniversityNorth La Union Campus Philippines Fern epiphytes exposed to light- and water-deprived environments are common. Drynaria is an epiphytic fern found in such habitats. One of its unique ecophysiological adaptation is their association with fungi. This research is one of the few studies that explored the phylogenetic relationship, colonization, occurrence and diversity of symbiotic fungi found in D. quercifolia.

Genomic DNA of the RSF was extracted, and the ITS (internal transcribed spacer) region of the 18S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) were sequenced. Five isolates were recorded. All the isolates were identified up to the species level using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool program to their closest type available on NCBI databank. These five isolates are under two genera: Trichoderma and Aspergillus. Their phylogenetic relationship was determined using Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA6) and two distinct monophyletic groups were formed: Sordariomycetes and Eurotiomycetes. The computed colonization rate (100%) implies their abundance in the roots of D. quercifolia where species of the genus Trichoderma and Aspergillus were found to occur very frequently. Understanding the diversity of root fungal symbionts and the presence of dominating species are necessary to determine their impact on ecosystem functioning. These factors lead to RSF’s potential in organic agriculture and green biotechnology.

Keywords: Taxonomy, biodiversity and phylogeny, molecular identification, Philippines

Fit or Misfit: Employability of the Technical Vocational Livelihood Students through their Work Immersion ARBEL S. ICBAN https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2779-6857 asicban18@gmail.com Sta. Cruz Integrated High School Philippines

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Like the other countries in the world, the Philippines is affected by the unpredictable changes carried by globalization in the labor market. This present study aims to identify the employability of the Senior High School Technical Vocational Livelihood students through their work immersion.

Three hundred sixty-five SHS TVL students and 20 partner institutions in Pampanga, Philippines were selected to participate in the study. Two survey questionnaires were administered: (1) students assessed their work immersion in terms of basic, common, and core competencies; and (2) partner institution supervisors assessed the employability of the students by means of personal, interpersonal, self – management, and initiative and delivery. Interview sessions were also conducted to validate the responses. Using sequential explanatory method, results revealed that work immersion students were competent on the aforementioned competencies and were highly employable; the employability of the students was lowly correlated to their competency acquired in the work immersion program; and personal competency, work competency, and career prospect could make an individual fit for employment. It is imperative, therefore, for SHS TVL students to ensure that they are equipped with personal competency necessary for employment. Moreover, work competency developed through work experiences, trainings, and development can help students succeed in the workplace, and having a career prospect increases the possibility for them to secure permanent positions on their future employment.

Keywords: Employabiity, TVL students, work immersion, descriptive design, Philippines PCMR 2019 • April 27-29, 2019

Implementation and Students’ Performance in Work Immersion Program of Senior High School JUDITH C. ODFEMININA https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9821-4853 judithodfeminina1986@gmail.com Bohol Island State University Philippines Work immersion is a required subject that has been incorporated into the curriculum of Senior High School Program in order to meet the nation’s goal of global competency. This study is conducted in order to determine the level of the respondents’ perception on the implementation of work immersion program and the students’ performance in the work immersion program in the public high schools of the municipality of Calape and the selected private high schools in the municipality of Tubigon. It has been found that respondents’ perceived a great extent of implementation on work immersion program and perceived the visibility of students’ skills in their performance in work immersion. However, a room for improvement is of necessity since the result of the respondents’ assessment did not reach to the qualitative index of very great extent in the implementation and highly visible in the students’ performance. Thus, the extent of implementation does determine the students’ performance. It is therefore recommended that schools must consider having a day orientation to work immersion teachers, students, and work immersion partner supervisors. Furthermore, it is recommended that technical knowledge and skills of the students in the use of technology must be enhanced with the guidance of work immersion teachers and partner supervisors.

Keywords: Work immersion program, implementation, student’s performance, Senior High School, descriptive design, Philippines

Predictors of Job Performance of Nueva Vizcaya State University Faculty Members MICHAEL FRANCIS C. GARMA http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9116-8623 mhykel07@yahoo .com Nueva Vizcaya State University Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya, Philippines

The study determined the level of the Nueva Vizcaya State University faculty members’ motivation in terms of extrinsic and intrinsic motivators and their level of job performance. Utilizing the descriptiveinferential design, a validated researcher-made questionnaire was used to gather pertinent data to the 127 randomly selected teacher respondents. Frequencies and percentages, simple correlation analysis and categorical regression analysis were used in the statistical treatment of data.The results showed that the respondents were highly motivated extrinsically (satisfaction with salary, satisfaction with benefits, good relationships with co-workers, effective supervisor, effective senior managers and presence of core values) and intrinsically (work itself, recognition, good feelings about the organization, sense of responsibility, opportunity for advancement, professional growth opportunities and clarity of mission).

The respondents’ job performance was also described as very satisfactory. As the faculty members age, they exhibited very satisfactory job performance. Moreover, those with longer years of service and those with higher academic rank manifested a very satisfactory performance in work. Faculty members performed very satisfactorily when they were highly satisfied with their remunerations and benefits.Sense of responsibility and opportunity for advancement highly motivate the NVSU faculty members to perform their jobs well. Further, academic rank was found to be a strong predictor of job performance of faculty members.

Keywords: Social sciences, motivation, job performance, extrinsic, intrinsic, faculty members, descriptiveinferential design, Philippines

Hotel Supreme Convention Plaza, Baguio City, Philippines

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Implementation of School-Based Management Practices in Balungao District, Philippines JOCELYN V. ESCOBAR https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7392-8510 jocelynescobar774@gmail.com Pangasinan State University-School of Advanced Studies Philippines This study aims to determine the extent of implementation of School-Based Management Practices in Balungao District, Philippines. Specifically, the study looked into the personal attributes of the respondents, extent of implementation of the school-based management practices as perceived by the respondents along the following dimensions: school leadership, internal stakeholders, external stakeholders, school improvement process, resource management, performance accountability, Likewise, it determined the significant difference on the implementation school-based management practices across respondents’ perception, problems encountered and recommended solutions. The study made use of the mixed (qualitative-quantitative) method of research employing descriptive survey-cross sectional-correlational design. The design determined the profile of the school principals, the extent of practice of school-based management, the differences in the perception of the principals and teachers on the extent of implementation/practice of school-based management and the relationship between the extent of implementation/practice of school-based management and the profile variables of the school principals. Findings revealed that the principals believed that the most serious problems encountered were along external stakeholders’ participation followed by school-based resources.

Keywords: Resource management, school leadership, stakeholder, school-based management practices, descriptive survey-cross sectional correlational design, Philippines

Mathematical Vocabulary and Comprehension Competence of Pupils MARABELLE LOMIBAO https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5541-1451 marabelle.lomibao001@deped.gov.ph Pangasinan State University-School of Advanced Studies Philippines

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The study aimed to determine the mathematical vocabulary and level of comprehension of the 45 Grade VI Pupils of Carmen Elementary School in the Philippines using two teaching. The main data gathering tool in this study was the 50-item assessment questionnaire that measures mathematical vocabulary and comprehension competence. The two teaching methods were employed in the two groups in teaching similar topics with the same duration. The pupils’ performances were determined though a post-test given before and after covering the selected lessons. The post-test results were used in classifying the pupils’ level of performance as to outstanding, very satisfactory, satisfactory, fairly satisfactory and failed. The questionnaire also included questions on selected profile variables of the pupils. Results revealed that majority of the students are female whose parents are mostly high school graduates earning an average moderate income with less number of siblings and mostly third born in the family. There was no significant difference on the performance of the pupils before exposure the two teaching methods. The use of Traditional Method and Graphical Method are effective in teaching Mathematics showing similar results in increasing the level of competence of pupils in mathematical vocabulary and comprehension. However, the socio-demographic profile of pupils was not significantly related to the performance of the pupils.

Keywords: Mathematics education, pedagogy, comprehension, competence, graphical method, mathematical vocabulary, traditional method, Philippines PCMR 2019 • April 27-29, 2019

Pedagogy in Learning Mathematics among Gifted Pupils EMMANUEL A. GALOS https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5124-3289 emmanuel.galos001@deped.gov.ph Zamboanga City State Polytechnic College Philippines The study was conducted in the Special Education Centers (SpEd) of the Division of Zamboanga City. This study aimed to explore the teaching pedagogies in learning Mathematics, learning styles of 230 gifted pupils and the best practices and challenges of nine teachers in teaching Mathematics for gifted pupils. This study employed a mixed method using a descriptive quantity-qualitative research design that used the iterative process of analyzing common themes and patterns from the class observations and responses of teachers in the interview. Frequency and percentage were used to determine the preferred learning styles of the gifted pupils and teaching styles of the teacher in mathematics. This study revealed that there was a mismatch of learning styles of pupils to teachers’ teaching styles in mathematics. Moreover, the best practices of teachers in teaching mathematics for gifted pupils were the use of block modeling, collaborative and cooperative activities, explicit or direct teaching, giving math word problem, open-ended activity with open solutions while the challenges of teachers for gifted pupils were the presence of mathematically struggling pupils, unreceptive pupils to a given approach, existence of pupils’ different learning styles, testing of different teaching strategies and approaches, pupil mastery level is below 75% and no pedagogical model as guide in teaching mathematics for gifted pupils. On the basis of the findings, the researcher recommends the LS+3D Galos Model in teaching mathematics for gifted pupils a model to support teachers teaching mathematics for gifted pupils and bridging the gap between diverse giftedness and mathematics achievement.

Keywords: Mathematics Education, gifted pupils, pedagogy, learning style, descriptive design, Philippines *Co-author: Nora M. Ponce Zamboanga City Polytechnic State College

Mathematics Learning through Computer-Aided Instruction: Basis for Teaching Module FHELMAR I. RONDILLAS https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7238-0626 fhelmarrondillas@gmail.com St. Michael’s College Philippines This study compared the effects of using Interactive Computer- Aided Instruction (ICAI) and Computer – Aided Instruction (CAI) as tools on improving students’ achievement and retention in Quadratic Equation. The study ascertained the mode of computer usage that is more effective in enhancing students’ achievement and retention. A sample of 89 learners as respondents was involved in the study. A descriptive comparative research design was used to compare the academic performance of the respondents. A thirty-item test and secondary data, such as IQ level and previous Grades in Mathematics 8, were utilized to gather the needed data. Moreover, six research hypotheses guided the study. This study also made used of the different statistical tools such as; Frequency and Percentage, t-test, and Two-Way ANOVA. Results revealed that learners who were taught quadratic equation using both methods of instruction, Interactive Computer-Aided and Computer-Aided Instruction, gained progress in the academic performance based on the individual test score. However, the academic performance of the learners in Interactive Computer-Aided Instruction is higher than those who were exposed in Computer-Aided Instruction. The study revealed no significant difference in the mean achievement of male and female students. As recommended, teachers should expose the learners to Interactive Computer Aided Instruction especially below average IQ learners instead of using Computer Aided Instruction for effective teaching and learning of Mathematics.

Keywords: Computer-aided Instruction, academic performance, interactive computer-aided Instruction, descriptive comparative research design, Philippines

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Integration of Ethnomathematics in the High School Curriculum EDRIAN D. SARAOS https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4080-1884 edrian.saraos@yahoo.com Mariano Marcos State University Philippines

This study is centered on “Ethnomathematics”. It answers the perennial question of students in mathematics classes everywhere: What is the relevance? Activities and practices of the folks in farming and fishing that are related to Mathematics were observed. Two groups undertook the learning process. One group was taught using the plain lesson plan, the other group utilized the enriched lesson plan where mathematical concepts and principles derived from farming and fishing were integrated. Attitude of the students towards Mathematics were also correlated with their performance. Results showed that the experimental group displayed a higher mean performance rating and a greater percentage of score gained. It was also found out that only the experimental group exhibited a significant relationship between Mathematics performance and attitude. The integration of Ethnomathematics in the teaching-learning process did not have a great impact on the performance of the students but it significantly improved their study habits and attitudes towards Mathematics. Subsequently, greater interest in the subject would certainly lead to a better performance in Mathematics. Since the community experiences are rooted from their daily activities, through this study, the students would have a clearer understanding and, hopefully, gain a more permanent learning in the discipline.

Keywords: Education, ethnomathematics, farming, fishing, experimental design, Philippines

Use of Mobile Phone Applications in Teaching Mathematics JAY-R H. LEONIDAS https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2491-2384 kingleonidas1002@gmail.com Department of Science and Technology - Science Education Institute Philippines

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The K-12 Curriculum in the Philippines shed light to mathematics education as it recognizes the use of smartphones/mobile phones as appropriate tools necessary in teaching mathematics.

However, there were limited pieces of evidence on the use of these devices in teaching and learning process. This descriptive study developed lessons integrating the use of mobile phone applications with basis on low-level competencies of students in Precalculus and determined its effects on students’ conceptual understanding, procedural skills, and attitudes towards Precalculus. Employing Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) scheme in the study, lessons developed were conducted among Grade 11 Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) students at Central Bicol State University of Agriculture for the academic year 2018-2019. This study found that there is a significant difference between the competency levels of students along conceptual understanding and procedural skills prior to and after the conduct of lessons developed. Also, it disclosed that the use of mobile phone applications had positive effects on students’ attitudes towards Precalculus. Thus, the use of mobile phone applications in teaching Precalculus can enrich students’ understanding of concepts and procedural skills (solving and graphing skills) and can increase students’ motivation, self-confidence, and enjoyment in dealing with Precalculus.

Keywords: Mathematics education, Senior High School, Precalculus, mobile learning, mobile phone applications, procedural skills, Bring Your Own Device (BYOD), descriptive study, Philippines PCMR 2019 • April 27-29, 2019

Graduates’ Employability, Exit Evaluation, and Employers’ Feedback PETER C. BUSTAMANTE https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9572-7648 rosanna_gonzales0906@yahoo.com Pangasinan State University-Infanta Campus Philippines Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) are considered to play a significant role in developing, shaping and enriching the acquired basic education of students. At present, the spiral continuum of teaching-learning process is deemed necessary to achieve the educational goals of the Philippines. Using the Glassman theory, an interplay exists between and among the students’ inputs, teacher’s methodologies, and learning environment context that produced graduates who are responsive in the challenges towards work. Said institutional products had truly embraced and instilled within them the appropriate knowledge, skills and values that they had learned. Mentioned indicators were also evident in their workplaces and are contributory in achieving the mission of the University. Hence, they carried the best practices in attaining quality service for the common good of the people that they are serving. This study had described the graduates’ profile and their employment data. Involved as respondents are the graduates and their employers. An exit evaluation to improve the services along different areas was administered to address its weak points as the case may be. Quality measurement is a requisite to prove the curriculum relevance using a feedback instrument administered to employers. Results revealed that graduates are highly satisfied on the services that they received from their institution. Thus, they may help promote the curricular programs of the institution which may attract a higher number of enrollees. Employers’ hire graduates who possessed eligibility and show competence in accomplishing assigned tasks and leadership skills.

Keywords: Employability, exit evaluation, curriculum, graduates, descriptive design, Philippines *Co-authors: Rosanna D. Gonzales, & Salvacion M. Vinluan

Pangasinan State University-Infanta Campus

Readiness of Teachers and Students on Disaster Risk Reduction Management in Selected Private Elementary Schools ANALYN O. PABLO https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7757-7092 pabloanalyn15@gmail.com Pangasinan State University-School of Advanced Studies Philippines This study determined the level of the readiness of the schools on Disaster Risk Reduction Management (DRRM) in Private Elementary Schools in Pangasinan, Philippines during the School Year 2016-2017. A total of 115 teachers and students from the four private schools were considered as the respondents of the study. A questionnaire-checklist was utilized to gather data. Frequency counts, percentages, average weighted mean (AWM) and Multivariate analysis (MANOVA) was used in data analysis. The study found out that teachers and students are highly aware on the importance of fire drill and earthquake drills as part of the DRRM. As regards to the level of readiness, teachers and students are very highly ready to the structural safe code, however, they are moderately ready as to non-structural safe code.

As to the use of emergency supplies and equipment, servicing and maintenance they are moderately ready. The study further found out that there is no significant difference existed in the level of awareness across all profile variables of students and teachers due to the p-values of all items are higher than the .05 level of significance. In conclusion, majority of the teachers are female, relatively young in age and in teaching experience, are baccalaureate degree holders, have participated DRRM trainings while most of the students are in their puberty, female, non-Catholic devotees and have participated earthquake and fire drills. The teachers and students are knowledgeable on the importance of fire and earthquake drills.

Keywords: Disaster Risk Reduction Management (DRRM), earthquake drill, fire drill, readiness, descriptive design, Philippines

Hotel Supreme Convention Plaza, Baguio City, Philippines

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Development Orientation and Governance of Municipal and City Government Officials in Western Pangasinan, Philippines REYNALDO T. GELIDO https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5266-9967 regis_gelido@yahoo.com Pangasinan State University School of Advanced Studies Philippines This study was conducted to assess the development orientation and governance of the municipal and city government officials in Western Pangasinan, Philippines. The descriptive-correlation method of research was employed, and a questionnaire was also used as the primary data gathering tool. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency counts, percentages, means and average weighted means.

The Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient and Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) were also used. Majority of the government officials are 41 to 50 years of age, males, married, college graduates, and have rendered service in the government for 10-18 years. The respondents’ development orientation along change orientation, action propensity, commitment to economic development and selflessness were rated very high while concern for conflict avoidance was rated high by the respondents.

Further, there was a very much manifested rating obtained by the municipal and city government officials in the areas of accountability, participation, predictability and transparency. The development orientation indicators namely change orientation, action propensity, commitment to economic development, concern for conflict avoidance and selflessness are not significantly related to the manifestation of governance.

However, government officials’ commitment to economic development has an influence on accountability, and concern for conflict avoidance could influence their transparency. Municipal and city government officials’ development orientation and manifestation of governance are not significantly different across their personal characteristics. However, it is interesting to note that only sex, of the personal characteristics, has significant difference in the manifestation of governance of the respondents.

Keywords: Governance, development orientation, municipal officials, city officials, descriptive design, Philippines

The Gulayan sa Paaralan Program of the Department of Education AGAPITO T. BALLESTEROS https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9308-9427 agaballesteros1114@gmail.com Pangasinan State University-School of Advanced Studies Philippines This study dealt on the extent of implementation of the Gulayan Sa Paaralan (GSP) program of the Department of Education (DepEd) at Balungao District, Philippines. Specifically, it sought answers on the profile of the respondents in terms of age, sex, civil status, educational background, and length of service as well as the extent of implementation in terms of activities undertaken, school and community involvement; utilization of technology and the problems encountered by the schools in the GSP implementation. Results revealed that the respondents are mostly in their middle age, females, married, enrolled in a graduate school and are active in government service for quite a number of years. The GSP is highly implemented along all its activities undertaken at school and community as well as on involvement and utilization of technology. There is no significant difference on the extent on implementation as to age, sex, civil status except on educational background and length of service. The public schools are able to implement the GSP due to less problems encountered.

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Keywords: Department of Education, implementation, Gulayan sa Paaralan Program, descriptive design, Philippines

PCMR 2019 • April 27-29, 2019

“Well… Y’know… Okay…” An Analysis of Discourse Markers’ Pragmatic Functions and Syntactic Positions among Senior High School English Teachers’ Spoken Discourse: Implications for Language Teaching EDUARDO S. BARTOLO JR. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0903-4042 edwardbartolo22@gmail.com Sta. Cruz High Integrated School Philippines Over the years, the English language continues to evolve. As a result, some linguistic features are said to play crucial roles in communication. Hence, this study aims to identify the frequently used discourse markers (hence, DMs) and their pragmatic functions and syntactic positions in spoken discourse. Twenty Senior High School English teachers in Pampanga, Philippines were selected to participate in the study. Using qualitative research method, the discourse markers were given examples from the research corpus which revealed that English teachers used DMs more often in their oral discourse. Along with this finding, it was also revealed that DMs serve different pragmatic functions, both textual and interpersonal. In addition, DMs mostly occurred in initial positions of utterances. It can also be noted that non-native speakers of English particularly English teachers in the Philippines have remarkable tendency to use discourse markers. Generally, DMs have pivotal implications for establishing speaker-listener relationship and for English language teaching since discourse markers are now considered among the significant linguistic elements in spoken English discourse as they function for various purposes and activate discourse-pragmatic competence of the speakers. Therefore, it is suggested that teachers should highlight them in language instruction to increase learners’ awareness about the DMs functions to enhance their fluency and become more communicatively and pragmatically competent.

Keywords: Discourse markers, pragmatics, syntax, spoken discourse, qualitative design, Philippines

Paggamit ng Dalawang Estratehiyang Pangkomunikasyon sa Pagtuturo ng Filipino MARLYN I. DIAZ https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4527-5513 marlyn0984@yahoo.com Pangasinan State University-School of Advanced Studies Philippines Ang pag- aaral na ito ay naglalayong matukoy kung gaano kabisa ang pag-uulit at pagpapaliwanag bilang estratehiyang pangkominukasyon sa pagtuturo ng asignaturang Filipino para sa mga estudyante na nasa antas sekondarya ng Mataas na Paaralan ng Aringin Moncada, Tarlac sa Taong Panuruan 2015- 2016. Sa pangkalahatan, gumamit ang mananaliksik ng 80 estudyante kung saan mayroong dalawang pangkat na binubuo ng tig-apatnapung (40) estudyante. Ang unang pangkat ay ang pangkat kumbensyunal at ang ikalawang pangkat ay ang pangkat pangkomunikatibo. Ang ginamit na paraan ng pag- aaral at pagsusuri ay ang desinyong eksperimental kung saan naghanda ang mananaliksik ng isang pagsusulit. Ang pangunahing pinakunan ng mga datos ay ang iskor na nakuha ng mga estudyante sa kanilang pauna at panapos na pagsusulit. Natuklasan sa resulta ng pauna at panapos na pagsusulit na ang pag-unlad ng mga estudyante na ginamitan ng estratehiyang pangkomunikatibo ay higit na mataas kaysa sa tinuruan ng kumbensyunal na paraan. Ang resulta ng pagsusulit na ito ay patunay na ang pag- unlad ng mga mag- aaral ay mas makabuluhan sa pangkat pangkomunikatibo. Nakakaganyak ang estratehiyang pangkomunikasyon sa estudyante na makapag- isip ng tuwiran, nakalilikha ito ng isang kaligirang lilinang sa mga estudyante ng pagtitiwala sa sarili. Naitataguyod din ng estratehiyang pangkomunikasyon ang isang dekalidad na interaksyon sa pagitan ng mag- aaral, ng guro, ng mga kagamitan at ng kaligiran sa pagkatuto.

Keywords: Estratehiya, kumbensyunal, pag- uulit, pagpapaliwanag, pangkomunikatibo

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Composition Writing Ability of Mariano Marcos State University Laboratory High School Students (Science Curriculum) ROSALIE J. BACISTER https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5498-156X bacisterrosalie@gmail.com Mariano Marcos State University Laboratory High School Philippines This study aimed to determine the composition writing ability of Third Year students of Mariano Marcos State University, Integrated University Laboratory Schools Laboratory High School (Science Curriculum), S. Y. 2013-2014. Information needed in the study were taken through the sets of questionnaires the researcher used questionnaire on students’ profile and their exposure to mass media and questionnaire on their school environment. Descriptive-correlational method of research was used in this study. This study utilized frequency count and percentages, mean and bivariate correlation analysis in the interpretation of data. Most of the student respondents are females who graduated from the public schools and their parents are college graduates. Majority of them have average grade of 90-94 in their English subject. They are at the”High” level of exposure to electronic media and “Highly Adequate” in the use of Instructional Materials. School environment as a whole is described as “Good.” The composition writing ability of the Third Year Students is interpreted as Good to Adequate (= 3.51).Significant relationship exists between the students’ composition writing ability and sex. Likewise, all components of composition writing ability and exposure to mass media, specifically motion pictures manifested inverse significant relationship (-.332).

Keywords: Composition writing ability, students, descriptive-correlational design, Philippines

Misconceptions of High School Students in Optics RHEA M. CABRERA https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3522-2872 rheamorales@yahoo.com Mariano Marcos State University Philippines

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This study aimed to determine the misconceptions in Optics particularly on the topics about Reflection, Shadow Formation, Refraction. This study made use of the descriptive correlational method of research. Frequency counts, percentages, mean and simple correlational analysis were used in the study. Most of the respondents are females with parents whose occupation are classified as non-professionals, whose attitude towards Physics is positive and who are exposed to electronic media. The students had misconceptions in Optics. In reflection of light, some of the students knew the concept but some of them were not familiar with the application of the concept. There were only a few who knew the concept of shadow formation, especially on its colors. In refraction, the common misconception of the students is when light passes from one medium to another, it is being reflected in the second medium. The students were not familiar about the absorption of light, that when white light shines an object, the other component colors of white light is absorbed by the object i.e. the object reflects the component color of white light which is the same with the color of the object. For colors, students gave different justifications why the color of chalk through a blue glass is blue. They were also confused which color reflects and absorbs more heat. The number of misconceptions held by the students was not influenced by their sex, occupation of parents, attitude towards physics and exposure to mass media.

Keywords: Misconceptions, Optics, Descriptive Correlational Method, Philippines

PCMR 2019 • April 27-29, 2019

Laboratory Manual in Chemistry 101 for Students of a State University RAQUEL L. DAGANTA https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2228-8431 dagantaraquel@yahoo.com.ph Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University-Mid-La Union Campus Philippines This study assessed the level of competence of the students along the main topics in Chemistry 101 (General and Inorganic Chemistry) such as: Measurements in Chemistry; Matter and Energy; Atomic Constitution of Matter; Lewis Structure and Chemical Bond; Chemical Nomenclature and Chemical Equations; Stoichiometry; Solutions; and Gas Laws. It also determined the strengths and weaknesses of the students along the main topics in Chemistry 101. The study used the descriptive method of research with a validated achievement test which was the main datagathering tool used as the research instrument. The respondents were 319 students of DMMMSU Mid-La Union Campus in the College of Arts and Sciences, College of Engineering, College of Technical Education, and College of Technology who have taken Chemistry 101 during the first semester of School Year 2014-2015. The data gathered were treated using descriptive statistics such as frequency counts, percentages, weighted means and ranking. The students lack the desired competence in Chemistry 101; the students are generally weak in Chemistry101; and the developed Laboratory Manual in Chemistry 101(General and Inorganic Chemistry) for students is a suitable and useful instructional material to effectively improve the students’ competence in Chemistry.

Keywords: Education, effective, teaching pedagogies/andragogies, Chemisry experimental, descriptive design, Philippines

Enhancing the Pedagogical Skills of Physics Mentors in the 21st Century VICTORIA M. RUGUIAN https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7899-658X bethruguian@yahoo.com vmruguian@gmail.com Mariano Marcos State University Philippines

The physics teachers in Region I have varied specializations to teach Physics. The lack of qualifications and skills to teach the subject matter affects the performance of the teachers and students. The study aimed to conduct a training to determine the level of proficiency and laboratory skills of 20 physics teachers in Region I. The study used an experimental research design and a researcher made test was used to assess the level of proficiency of teachers in the areas of Physics. Their pre-test and post-test scores were analysed using the mean and t-test.

Findings showed that teachers are in the beginning level of Mechanics, developing in Heat and Thermodynamics, approaching proficiency in Electricity and Magnetism, and proficient in Optics. The laboratory skills as manifested by their mean scores were on the proficient level (Mechanics, Heat and Thermodynamics, Electricity and Magnetism) and approaching proficient in Optics. There is a significant difference in the pre-test and post-test mean scores of knowledge and laboratory skills. Thus, the training was found effective in enhancing the knowledge and laboratory skills of physics teachers.

Keywords: Education, pedagogical skills, improvisation, knowledge, physics, laboratory skills, experimental design, Philippines

Hotel Supreme Convention Plaza, Baguio City, Philippines

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Science Instruction in DMMMSU-NLUC College of Education: Perceptions on the Competence of Science Teachers along Instruction JOMAR L. ABAN

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3068-5648 jomar_d2@yahoo.com Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State UniversityNorth La Union Campus Philippines

The competence of a science teacher is affected by both his/her personal traits and professional achievements. In turn, his/her competence may lead to quality student learning and academic achievement.

The perceptions of students, teachers and supervisors were evaluated to determine the competence of science teacher in DMMMSU-NLUC College of Education along instruction. This research utilized a combined descriptive-quantitative method of investigation. Using a structured survey questionnaire, the demographic profile and competence of the science teachers were measured. It was found that science teachers with less than ten training points significantly reduced their competence in terms of their personal character (3.15+.32), teaching efficiency (self: 3.06+.58; student: 2.97+.54), general class atmosphere (self: 2.31+.55; student: 2.22+.55; supervisor: 2.62+.53), substantiality of teaching (self: 2.86+.55; student: 2.77+.53; supervisor: 3.17+.43) and evaluation skills (self: 2.69+.55; student: 2.60+.54; supervisor: 3.00+.36). Other personal and professional demographic profiles were also found to have an influence on the competence of science teachers along instruction. These include the number of children, sex, educational attainment, length of service and workload preparation. It was also deduced in this study that all the five parameters of teacher competence (personal character, teaching efficiency, class atmosphere, substantiality in teaching and evaluation skills) can be considered as predictors of students’ academic performance because there is a positive relationship between and among these teacher competence parameters to the grades and academic performance of the science students. This study was used as basis in crafting an action plan to improve science instruction in the College of Education.

Keywords: Science instruction, teachers’ competence, students’ performance, DMMMSU, descriptivequantitative design, Philippines *Co-authors: Joan S. Valdez and Anny Ross A. Bayan

Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University-North La Union Campus

Identification and Classification of the Geometric Patterns of the Hablon Design Using the Crystallographic and Frieze Group JOEFEL T. LIBO-ON https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2339-464X onemanbrave@gmail.com Centro Escolar University Philippines The existing hablon –a handloom textile of Hiligaynon and Karay-a speakers- is the manifestation of the Ilonggos’ culture, tradition, as well as livelihood which brought Iloilo to its highlight in the 19th century and further named to be the Textile Capital of the Philippines. This current study would like to identify and classify the crystallographic group and the frieze group patterns present in the hablon designs. In addition, it attempted to determine the ethnomathematics embodied in the process of hablon. Ethnographic method was employed in this study, specifically, emersion and fieldworks to understand the process in hablon. This study revealed that the seven frieze group patterns were present in hablon designs and ten for the crystallographic group. The ethnomathematics embodied in the process of hablon were harmonization of multiple processes for planning, practicing parallelism of threads for warping (sab-ong), logical sequencing of the direction for beaming (likis), “bal-ot bal-ot nga tig-isa-isa” or alternate injective and surjective sets for heddling (sulod sa salud), establishing the limitation for tie-in (higot sa baston), able to “sukol” or estimate for spooling (pangalinyas), and creating “iwol-iwol” or waving pattern of weft for weaving (habol).

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Keywords: Ethnomathematics, ethnography, hablon, frieze, crystallography, weaving, Philippines

PCMR 2019 • April 27-29, 2019

Using Path Analysis in Determining Predictors that Affect Average Point per Game (APPG) Performance of Players from the CIT University’s Men’s Basketball Team JEAN MARIE D. CANDO https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8338-0816 jeanmariecando@yahoo.com Cebu Institute of Technology-University Philippines

The popularity of the sport of Basketball in the Philippines is undeniably increasing as time passes by.

Question most people would like to know is what constitutes a player to score as much as he can in a game? This study identified the correlation between average point per game (APPG) and performance indicators of the players of CIT University’s Men’s Basketball Team that played in CESAFI 2018 Season, an intercollegiate sports competition based in Cebu City, Philippines and to create a path model that would illustrate the possible causation between the dependent variable APPG and the predictor variables. Thirteen Men’s Basketball players from the CIT University were taken as subjects. Data were subjected to analysis using SPSS Version 20. Results revealed a correlation between predictor variables: IQ and Independence, age and years of playing experience, height and BMI, years of playing experience and BMI, Extraversion and Independence, and average minutes of play per game (AMPPG) and average points per game (APPG) at p<0.05 and 0.01 level of significance. Multiple linear regression created a path model with AMPPG as the only predictor of APPG for the members of the team. Study proved that in basketball, the average minutes played inside the court is the best predictor of average points per game. No matter how experienced a player is, or how tall and fit the player is, but if not given sufficient time to play, then the likelihood of increasing points contributed to his team cannot be expected.

Keywords: Basketball performance, CESAFI, predicting variables, correlation, multiple linear regression, Philippines

Wind Profile of Ilocos Norte Wind Farm Industry ALEX C. GARIBAY, JR. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7845-5764 kealer_07@yahoo.com Mariano Marcos State University Philippines

Wind farms depend on wind, with wind variability driving the fluctuation of their over-all power generation. The Ilocos Norte Wind Farm Industry is one of the main producers of wind power.

It is located on the northwest part of Luzon on the seashore of the Bangui Bay where the wind speed is strong. But since the country is located on the tropics, the wind speed varies with season, monsoon and other climate oscillations. This study aims to determine factors that contribute to the variations of wind speed and power production. Specifically, the study determined the relationship between wind speed and different climate driver indices (East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM), Western North Pacific Summer Monsoon (WNPSM) and El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO)). Results show that different climate drivers are significantly correlated with the wind speed and consequently with the power production of the industry. This means that, as the climate driver indices mentioned changes, the wind speed and power production also varies.

The results of the study can be used for the effective management of power production and distribution in Ilocos Norte, Philippines.

Keywords: Wind profile, monsoon, Wind Farm Industry, ENSO, EASM, WNPSM, variability

Hotel Supreme Convention Plaza, Baguio City, Philippines

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Development and Evaluation of Refrigerant Recovery and Recycling Machine RODRIGO G. BUSTILLOS JR. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7370-1313 rodrigobustillosjr@gmail.com Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State UniversityMid La Union Campus Philippines

The development and evaluation on refrigerant recovery and recycling (3R) machine was the conceptual focus and effort of the researcher to contribute solution to mitígate ozone depleting substances, and an alternative machine to RAC practitioner. It also seeks to determine the level of technical performance, economic viability and acceptability of the machine. The development phase covered the technical feasibility of the design and construction, and the evaluation phase covered the assessment on the level of technical performance, economic viability, evironmental soundness, political/social acceptability of the machine by pool of expert evaluators in the field. The findings showed the technical feasibility of the 3R Machine. Based on the testing and evaluation conducted, it was found out that the level of technical performance, economic viability, environmental soundness, political/social acceptability were found excellent; very highly viable and very highly acceptable respectively; hence, the 3R Machine is recommended for its utilization.

Keywords: Innovation and strategy, project-developmental, descriptive-evaluative, Philippines

Sustainability Assessment of Selected Philippine Accredited Farm Tourism Sites: Basis for Proposed National Accreditation Guidelines* BENIGNO GLENN R. RICAFORTE https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6660-4072 glenn.ricaforte@benilde.edu.ph De La Salle-College of Saint Benilde Philippines

Anchored on Triple Bottom-line Approach to sustainability, the study aimed to fill the policy and accreditation gaps of five accredited farm sites representing the provinces of Cavite, Laguna, Batangas, Rizal and Quezon (CALABARZON), Philippines using the criteria and indicators of sustainability for management, socio-economic impacts, cultural impacts and environmental impacts. With Ask- ExamineInitiate-Options-Undertake (AEIOU) Participant-oriented evaluation model as a framework, the study used cumulative program implementation case study utilizing Global Sustainable Tourism Council’s (GSTC) Destination Criteria. Results showed that all the tourism business entities studied complied with national laws and anchored in education. The tourism facility’s operation did not jeopardize the integrity of community resources. The business provided fair wages and they employed and empowered women. They also informed visitors about the history, meaning, and fragility of the resources vis-à-vis with respect in viability and diversity of the biosphere. An accreditation policy guideline applicable to Philippine situation was proposed. However, provision of employees’ training like food sanitation and customer service is necessary. Incorporate climate change education and ethno-botanical profiling in the operation. To benefit from the Philippine Farm Tourism Development Act of 2016, the government shall draft the implementing rules and regulations and review the Executive Order No. 292.

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Keywords: farm tourism, sustainability, evaluation, gap analysis, Philippines, Asia *The Department of Tourism, Republic of the Philippines funded the research project

PCMR 2019 • April 27-29, 2019

Carbon Footprint Inventory of Selected Communities of Laoag City, Philippines towards the Enhancement of Extension Program of NWU FE B. PUNGTILAN http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4295-3275 lori4453@yahoo.com Northwestern University Philippines

Global warming evolves on many issues on a global scale, and it now becomes one of the challenges for the human race. Thus, minimizing carbon dioxide emissions is a logical step.

While actual footprints offer details on size, weight, and speed, carbon footprints measure how much carbon dioxide is produced just by going about daily lives. This study aims to calculate the carbon footprint of the adopted communities of the Community Extension of Northwestern University that would serve as a benchmark in planning for future alternatives for a sustainable communities. This study used a descriptive design. Mothers were randomly selected since many emissions arise in households where they are normally present. The study includes common sources of CO2 emission such as electricity, LPG consumed and vehicles among others. The data was gathered using the WWF-Philippines Carbon Footprint Calculator with; some items revised to suit the setting of the study. Findings showed that electricity was the highest contributor to carbon emission with 76, 536.78 kg. In the five adopted communities, Payas is the highest contributor with 549,571.64 kg and lowest is Sta. Maria with 145,553.02 kg. A greater family on average has a higher carbon footprint. This is because households with more members share resources. Hence, the marginal increase in emission is declining with an added member

Keywords: Carbon, carbon footprint, carbon dioxide, inventory, alternatives, Philippines

Analysis of Rainfall Data in Ilocos Norte, Philippines SHIVHERLEY BENEDICT FELAND T. DOLORES https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1830-2691 sbfdolores132614@gmail.com Mariano Marcos State University Philippines

Studies related to rainfall variability has been prominent, but only few considered specific localities to explore its erratic behavior. For this reason, daily rainfall data for the past 46 years of Laoag Synoptic station was analyzed. The dataset was extracted from the Global Summary of the Day from 1973 to 2018. It was found out that the monthly distribution of rainfall still follows the Climate type of the province. However, significant increase in rainfall was observed starting year 2000. Wet season in the province are becoming wetter and driest months of the year are becoming drier. Normal rainfall for the province is also increasing and above average rainfall was observed starting year 2000. Frequency analysis and homogeneity test was also applied to the dataset using Rainbow software tool. It was found out that the total annual rainfall in the province follows a certain distribution considering the cumulative density function. Using Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test, the distribution is accepted at 20%, 10% and 5% significance level with an R-Square = 0.95 value. Results of the study can be used to help the agricultural sector of the Province of Ilocos Norte. Moreover, it can also be utilized for water resources management planning.

Keywords: Rainfall variability, rainfall data, data analysis, Ilocos Norte, Philippines

Hotel Supreme Convention Plaza, Baguio City, Philippines

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Political Attributes of Millennials in a State University in Zambales, Philippines ERIC DS. EBRO https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4135-3147 ebroeric7@gmail.com President Ramon Magsaysay State University Philippines The study revisited the political culture of millennials; the promising citizens and leaders of the country. It described and explored the perceptions and outlooks of millennials towards knowledge, involvement and values as attributes of political culture. The study was a descriptive-survey and correlational in design. Results of the study revealed that majority of millennials depend on TV and social media as sources of political information and consider integrity, honesty, intelligence and experience as qualifications for voting a candidate in an election. Meanwhile, a significant difference among the three political attributes was evidently shown in the computed F-value of 56.94, millennials have the highest level of attributes in political values compared with political knowledge and involvement. Interestingly, the result indicates no significant difference between male and female level of political attributes. On the other hand, the computed F-value of 3.05 indicated an obvious significant difference in political attributes of millennials when grouped according to religion. Generally, millennials have high level of political attributes, this indicated that despite that millennials were in the midst of the fast changing world brought by media and technology, they stay active citizens as seen in their political values that remain highly intact.

Keywords: Political culture, millennials, descriptive-correlational design, Philippines

The Long-Term Effects of Rehabilitation Program for Children in Conflict with the Law MARY CHRIS A. AUSTRIA-CRUZ

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1626-214X maria_cristi@yahoo.com Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology Philippines

ELIZABETH S. MANUEL

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0433-3780 elizandromanuel@yahoo.com.ph Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology Philippines

The objective of this study is to determine effectiveness of rehabilitation programs provided for in Republic Act 9344 for children in conflict with the law. Children in conflict with the law or CICL under the Republic Act 9344 are individuals under the age of eighteen which are being suspected and accused of committing an offence thus submitted to the justice system. Twenty one rehabilitated youth admitted from June to October 2018 participated in the study. All of them are permanent residents of Cabanatuan City, Central Luzon, Philippines. Data were collected by means of respondents’ demographic profile, effectiveness of diversion and intervention program as well as the effects of diversion and intervention program questionnaires as assessed by psycho-social and emotional aspects employing a descriptive correlative design. Results showed that Diversion Program, Vocational Training, Livelihood Skills Training, Fun Games and Sports Development were perceived to be more effective than other methods while `Cleanliness Drives are effective as it is understood as punishment rather that restorative. Effective program provided formal and non-formal education, better ways in dealing with ones emotions; explore one’s strengths and weaknesses and economic empowerment. According to program implementers, challenges faced in the program were casework and limited financial assistance. Rehabilitated youth reported to have adapted a better perspective in life and is coping with problems well. Follow-up programs must be conducted to ensure success of children in their community as well in school.

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Keywords: Rehabilitation, rehabilitation program, children in conflict with the law, justice system, diversion program, vocational training, livelihood skills training, sports development, descriptive design, Phliippines

PCMR 2019 • April 27-29, 2019

Causes of Recidivism in Ilocos Norte, Philippines JONAH B. BADUA https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5664-0782 lori4453@yahoo.com Northwestern University Philippines

Recidivism is an increasing problem that when overlooked can become a threat to our society.

Recidivists when unaccepted, rejected and unemployed tend to depend on the wrongful acts they once committed in order to sustain their basic needs. Thus, this study was conducted to determine the factors that cause recidivism in Ilocos, Norte, Philippines the crimes recidivists commit and the problems they encounter after incarceration. This study utilized the descriptive research design. It was conducted in Ilocos Norte, specifically in Ilocos Norte Provincial Jail (INPJ) and the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP) of Laoag City Jail. This study involved 25 recidivists as respondents; 11 of which are from BJMP and 14 from INPJ. The researchers used questionnaire followed by informal interview to the respondents for more in-depth information. Findings of the study revealed that majority of the recidivists are at age bracket 47 and above, male dominated, and being a recidivist does not vary whether he is married or single. It was also found out that the recidivists committed their first offense at the age bracket of 21 and below and the crime committed pertains mostly on illegal drugs due to drinking alcohol, the use of drugs, smoking and financial difficulties. The study further showed that the main causes of recidivism include lack of opportunity to re-enter the workforce, the negative influences brought by peers and the wide-spread use of illegal drugs.

Keywords: Recidivism, reformation, crime, illegal drugs, city/provincial /city jail, descriptive design, Philippines *Co-authors: Bryan Arnold Ibia, Alfredo Jose Cariaga, Prince Johndale Malapit, Jann Paolo Ramos, & Reymer Sunico

Northwestern University

Awareness of Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology Student’s Regarding the Anti-Hazing Law RENATO L. VIROLA https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3802-4887 renatovirola@gmail.com

JEFFEL RYAN Z. BULANDOS https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0112-3363 jeffelryanbulandos@yahoo.com

Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology

Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology

Philippines

Philippines

This study aimed to determine the awareness of the students of Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology (NEUST), Philippines regarding Republic Act No. 8049 also known as AntiHazing Law. The researchers utilized the descriptive research to analyze data on the profile of the respondents which include their age, gender and religion. Tackled likewise were the provisions of the Anti-Hazing Law which the students were most aware of. The factors that affect the awareness and the possible reasons for their lack of awareness were also studied. This research contributes to the existing body of academic work by using descriptive data collected from 660 students of Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology (NEUST). Questionnaire-checklist which consists of a number of items in a set format was utilized as main tool for collecting data.

The findings of the study showed that the age ranges of the respondents are 18-21 years old implying their lack of understanding in the law’s provisions. The results also showed that the top three provisions of Anti-Hazing Law which the respondents were not aware of what section 2, 4a and 4b, respectively. Also, it was found out the top factor that affect the students’ awareness of the said law were their lack of understanding on the different provisions.

Keywords: Awareness, anti-hazing law, academic, descriptive design, Philippines

Hotel Supreme Convention Plaza, Baguio City, Philippines

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Free Education in the State Universities and Colleges in the Philippines (Higher Education Institutes): The Continuing Saga RENATO L. VIROLA https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3802-4887 renatovirola@gmail.com

JEFFEL RYAN Z. BULANDOS https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0112-3363 jeffelryanbulandos@yahoo.com

Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology

Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology

Philippines

Philippines

One of the most notable milestones in the Philippine education is when the government actively seeks to expand access and participation in higher education through the ratification of RA 10931 or the “Universal Access to Quality Tertiary Education Act”. Thus, this study aims to examine and assess the effects of the law in our educational system. Providing sufficient funds is not enough; the government must give meaning to the title of the new law, which is the provision of “quality” tertiary education. This program is an investment in the nation’s most precious resource. Quality education empowers people and levels the playing field; it is one of the best tools for poverty alleviation, social equity and inclusive growth. There should be no compromise on the quality of the services provided under RA 10931. Free must not mean substandard. In this study, the researcher used qualitative research method. Qualitative research method was developed in the social sciences to enable researchers to study social and cultural phenomena: observe feelings, thoughts, behaviors and the belief of the mass society.

Keywords: Free education, universal access, tertiary education, education system, quality education, Philippines

Transformational Leadership of Elementary School Administrators of Mangatarem, Pangasinan CAROLYN P. DARAMAN https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2324-2067 daramancarolyn@yahoo.com

ROSANNA D. GONZALES https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1670-7302 rosanna_gonzales0906@yahoo.com

Pangasinan State University-School of Advanced Studies Pangasinan State University-School of Advanced Studies

Philippines

Philippines

The study was undertaken to determine the level of transformational leadership of the elementary school administrator respondents of Mangatarem, Pangasinan in the Philippines. The significant relationship of transformational leadership to the dimensions of school administrators’ performance was also looked into as well as the perception of the teachers’ and the school administrators themselves with regards to the frequency of practice of transformational leadership and performance dimensions. The sample consisted a total of 126 teachers and 14 school administrators of the elementary schools who served as respondents of the study which were determined by Stratified Random Sampling. The study revealed that majority of the respondents are married belong to the “old” age bracket, had finished their master’s degree, and are within the ten-year service bracket as school administrators. It was also found out that the perception of the teachers and the school administrators did not significantly vary as to the frequency of practice of transformational leadership but varies dimensions of school administrators’ performance.

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Keywords: Transformational Leadership, school administrators, performance, descriptive design, Philippines

PCMR 2019 • April 27-29, 2019

Experiential Learning Courses: Teachers’ Standpoints DEMETRIA A. CORPUZ https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4712-4871 demetria_corpuz@yahoo.com Nueva Vizcaya State University Philippines

Experiential learning courses (ELCs) permit pre-service teachers to acquire accurate experiences from the learning environment to better prepare them to the teaching profession. This research focused on the viewpoints of teachers toward ELCs. As a descriptive-correlation research, the pre-service teachers of the university and in-service teachers of the cooperating schools served as the respondents using the stratified proportionate random sampling. Correlation procedures were used to determine the association between variables. Younger pre-service teachers possessed a strong standpoint to have developed their self-assurance and open-mindedness through ELCs. Older pre-service teachers with maximum academic loads displayed strong disagreements that their registration to ELCs was in conformity to the course requirement. On the other hand, in-service teachers with family responsibilities reflected strong disagreements on the feeling that they don’t enjoy confidentiality when confronted with queries and that they are strained by the presence of teacher trainees in their classrooms. Inservice teachers who taught for longer years did not consider ELCs as a disturbance in the learning environment. Finally, in-service teachers with graduate degrees strongly disagreed to have misused so much time coaching teacher trainees.

Keywords: Teacher education, experiential learning, pre-service teachers, in-service teachers, descriptivecorrelation research, Philippines. *Lead author: Bonimar T. Afalla, Ph.D.

Nueva Vizcaya State University

Co-author: Bryan B. Gabatino, MEd Nueva Vizcaya State University

Academic Stress and Coping Strategies of Filipino College Students in Private and Public Universities in Central Luzon MARY CHRIS A. AUSTRIA-CRUZ

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1626-214X maria_cristi@yahoo.com Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology Philippines

ELIZABETH S. MANUEL

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0433-3780 elizandromanuel@yahoo.com.ph Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology Philippines

Academic stress is commonly experienced by undergraduate students from public and private universities. Graduating students may experience more difficulties and may be exposed to more stressors than other student population. The passage of Philippine Mental Health Law stresses the importance of sustaining positive mental health; one effective way of doing so is stress management. The author considered the respondents’ age, sex and civil status in exploring several causes – teacher, subject course and peers and the effects thereof in their physical, psychological and emotional employing a descriptive correlative design. Three hundred eighty two (382) college students from public and private universities in Central Luzon, Philippines participated in this study. Majority of participants were aged 20 and below, male and single. Results showed that major contributor of their stress were from teachers, completion of requirements and peers who commit cheating. Graduating students felt academically stressed and experience sleeping problems low self-confidence and moodiness. Respondents coped with stress through spirituality, one of the prominent traits of Filipinos. The study highlights the need to comply with the mental health protocol and to create avenues to attain well-being for students with varying interest.

Keywords: Stress, academic stress, stress management, positive mental health, mental health, mental health protocol, descriptive design, Philippines

Hotel Supreme Convention Plaza, Baguio City, Philippines

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Ethical Decision-Making among Graduate Students: Basis for a Capability-Building Program WILFRED F. CABAUATAN https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9886-9964 wilfredcabauatan@yahoo.com Saint Louis College Philippines

This descriptive-normative study assessed the graduate studentsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; extent of ethical decision-making practices along the various ethical decision-making frameworks namely: Charity Principle which focuses on technical and moral support of school administrators to their personnel; Stewardship Principle which highlights transparency and accountability; Social Responsiveness Theory which stresses on corporate or school social responsibility; Social Performance Theory which points on to school identity; Ethical Language Theory which talks about professionalism; and Ethics of Care Theory which discusses human relations. The respondents of this study were the Doctor of Education and Master of Arts in Education majoring in Educational Management students enrolled in Saint Louis College, City of San Fernando, La Union, a total of 58 respondents. A validated researcher-made questionnaire was the main tool. The data were treated using weighted mean ranking, and frequency. The study revealed that the graduate students do highly practice the various ethical decision-making frameworks and they considered ethical decision-making frameworks along charity principle, ethical language theory and stewardship principle as a problem. The researchers concluded that the graduate students possess the necessary knowledge and understanding in the practice of their ethical duties and responsibilities along the various ethical decision-making frameworks. The proposed Capability-Building Program when realized can effectively improve the extent of ethical decision-making practices of the graduate students.

Keywords: Ethical decision-making practices, ethical decision-making frameworks, graduate students, capability-building program, descriptive-normative design, Philippines

Impact of Financial Literacy on Level of Stress among Business Education Students RODOLFO C. MORENO https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6786-3041 rcmoreno3@yahoo.com North Luzon Philippines State College Philippines

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This study determined the impact of financial literacy on the level of stress among business education students. The descriptive-comparative-correlational method of research was utilized to analyze the data gathered from 326 respondents. The subject of this study were the BSBA and BSOA of the College of Business Education in North Luzon Philippines State College during the second semester, Academic Year 2017-2018. Stratified random sampling was used in the selection of sample respondents. A five-point Likert scale questionnaire was utilized in the gathering of data. Findings of the study revealed a high level of financial literacy; and average stress level of the respondents. There is no significant difference in the level of financial literacy between the BSBA and BSOA students. There is a significant difference in the level of stress between the BSBA and BSOA students. A positive correlation existed between the age and overall financial literacy of the students; and the course is directly related to the stress level of the students. There is a positive correlation between the age and overall financial literacy; course significantly related with stress level of the respondents; and financial records literacy level positively related with stress level among the respondents. Data reveals that the regression model is Stress = 2.404 + (-.347 x Cash Management) + (.285 x Financial Records) + (.175 x Savings Plan).

Keywords: Financial literacy, level of stress, business education students, descriptive-correlational design, regression model, Philippines

PCMR 2019 â&#x20AC;˘ April 27-29, 2019

The Impact of Poong Nazareno on the Way of Life of Devotees DAN LHERY S. GREGORIOUS https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7332-057X danlherygregorious@gmail.com Metro Manila College Philippines Annually, millions of devotee congregate at the Quiapo Church to anticipate the “Pista ng Itim na Nazareno” (Feast of the Black Nazarene) An everyday scenario in the Church are the faithful believers who kneel and pray their intentions to the said patron. This phenomenological research explored the lived experiences of twenty-five (25) devotees and assures that they were willing to share their authentic stories of devotion with the best of their ability. Through their stories, it was found out that it is a deep-rooted tradition in their family and in their community, inheriting the tradition until they grow up. The Black Nazarene became the center of their life as they continue to seek Him for guidance and became their refuge. It became part of their daily activities as a guide of the devotees to be as simple as the Poong Nazareno. The researcher recommended that the Catholic Church should continue and exert its utmost effort in “catechizing” about these beliefs and practices of the devotees consistent with the teachings of the Church.

Keywords: Popular religiosity, Poong Nazareno, devotee, lived experiences, Catholic Church, Phenomenological research, Philippines

Two Faces of a Mom: Lived Experiences of Student Mothers in a State University KAREN PARANADA-ANDRES https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6777-9491 kpandres29@gmail.com President Ramon Magsaysay State University Philippines

This phenomenological study explored the lived experiences, challenges, and complicated life of 12 mothers who are pursuing their collegiate degree in a state university while rearing and taking care of their children. Participants met the inclusion criteria of a student mother which includes (1) a bona fide student of President Ramon Magsaysay State University; (2) a biological mother; (3) living with her child/children; and (4) willing to participate in the study. Three major themes emerged in the participants’ lived experiences which include (1) hustles and bustles of student mothers’ life; (2) driving factors of student mothers; and (3) coping mechanisms of twofaced mothers. The findings revealed that the participants faced adversities and struggles as a mother and as a student and yet remained more steadfast and more resilient in fulfilling their dreams to finish their collegiate degree and receive a university diploma. The lived experiences of the student mothers have established implications to the creation of day care centers inside the campus for the children of student mothers as well as the conduct of psychosocial debriefing and stress reduction programs by the Gender and Development (GAD) office for the student mothers.

Keywords: Action research, Student mother, lived experiences, phenomenology, two faces of mother, Zambales, Philippines

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