Commercial Vastu

Chapter - 1

Introduction

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Every professional field should be equipped by a discipline. No man or women can achieve success in career prospects if he/she does not limit life in a discipline. Discipline is not a small item, it is difficult to define discipline as it is better understood when practical done. To discipline one’s life, it is necessary to follow principles. These principles are laid down by the followers of a particular discipline. Every individual field can be achieved by following a discipline and every discipline has different principles. Similarly, the discipline called Vaastu Shastra and Interior Designing are based upon certain principles. So as to imply Vaastu & Designing in your plans it is important to follow the principles firmly and rigidly.

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As per Vaastu, the working area of plan is divided into 8 directions. It is a common knowledge to us that the sun rises in the East and sets in the West. The 2 directions within East & West are North & South moving in a clockwise direction. The corners where two directions meet are Northeast, South-east, South-west and North-west corners.

The 3 corners hold a strong significance as they combine the energies of two base directions. Each direction has a particular quality as it is headed by a Lord or Deity. This make it appropriate for certain life activities. Applying the qualities shall highlight the energy level of different directions. Let us examine their importance : West

Children, creativity, name, fame and joy

2.

North

Source of Career & Course of life

3.

East

Ambition, realizing dreams, health and Religion.

South

Source of Wealth, Fortunate blessing, crops & happiness

North West

Course of business, friendship, responsibility, leadership & enmity.

North East

Knowledge, progeny, spiritual contemplation, Health, wealth and prosperity.

7.

South East

Source of health and wealth.

8.

South West

Relationships, marriage, family, behaviour, longevity and death.

9.

Centre

All round growth for residents.

5.

6.

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All eight directions are associated with an element of Vaastu. All elements of Vaastu are linked with the human expression called Interior Designing in form of 5 main elements of Interior Designing – Lines, Shapes, Colours, Textures and Theme. The elements of Vaastu have a relationship with the directions which the interior designer

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must try to achieve to maintain an overall harmony within the building.

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The North North direction of the building or plan is associated with the element water. Northern part of the building should possess water, colours, shapes, designs, symbols and object.

The colours of water element are blue and black, but to avoid over emotional aspect in family, it would be better to add green or space aspect to that area. To give and provide an additional support gold, silver or white of air element will help the water aspect. All over water symbols in North direction shall not work effective by as the supporting colours would maintain a balance of energies required to create a harmony and give strength to the aspect of career and course of life.

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The South South direction is related to the element fire, therefore this direction is linked to colours red and orange. A balanced proportion of red and orange in South direction shall stimulate source of wealth, fortune and happiness but the fire colours should be supported by earth element of brown & yellow colours. The overpower of red & orange colour shall make atmosphere aggressive rather than passionate.

Therefore, a balance and supporting element should be used in addition to seek stability.

The West and North-west West and North-west direction is associated with the air element, therefore the sympathetic colours for these direction are gold, silver and white. To provide support and stability for children, business, leadership, friendship, creativity, fame etc., the element air may be supported by the element earth meaning colours in yellow and brown. So as to mellow the aspect of rigidity of element air, black & blue of water element could be added.

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The East and South-east East and South-east is associated with element space therefore its supporting colour being green. The green colour will emphasis growth and development helping fulfillment of ambitions and dreams. Religious enlightenment shall grow along with material wealth. The intuitive qualities will be supported by addition of water element colours of black & blue. All other elements should be used only in proportionate quantity to maintain the balance.

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The South-west and North-east The two directions are related to element earth and therefore the suitable colours are brown and yellow. To generate good cordial relationship amongst family members the South-west an North-east must be highlighted by earth colours. But the sensibility aspect if over stressed may make the mood and atmosphere monotonous and boring. So as to bring enthusiasm within the members of family the passionate fire colour and symbols would add a magic.

Centre The Centre of the building or site area is important for all the inhabitants and members associated to the building. Centre is the source of energy. It is associated with Earth element therefore linked to brown and yellow colour. The energies at centre stimulate emotional, physical and spiritual health. Centre is the heart of the building.

The clever positioning & placement in centre shall add to an aristocratic life patterns for the members of house or building. The centre should be kept clear and no heavy objects’ placement should be encouraged for proper flow of energy towards eight direction.

All eight directions hold equal and appropriate importance. No direction can be ignored or overemphasized by a designer to achieve desirable results of oneself and audience.

An interior designer when composes a design or works on a plan follows certain principles. If the work of interior

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designer lacks upon these principles laid down by artists and illustrators then a design lacks power of attraction, imagination and fulfilment. An interior designer therefore has to consider technical aspect as an important tool to creation. Similarly when an interior designer combines his imagination, innovation with practical aspect of technique and science then his potential output needs more attention and care. We must understand and realize that art and technique alone can’t go alone but soon requires a supporting hand from ancient science called Vaastu which is again supported by philosophy and principles. Talking from aspect of an Interior Designer there are certain principles which effect and encourage good designing skills and ‘now on’ are supported by natural well being & human welfare.

Let us examine the Principles ;

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1. Centre of Aim Every design must possess a focal point. Focal point is the point or area in a design where our eyes focus on in first glance. When an interior designer starts to design the given area or surface, the point of attraction must be set up so as to highlight +ve factors which a designer is wanting to encourage. In a given room or space the centre of aim could be a light arrangement, a bonded wall, an exclusive chair etc. Centre of aim can also be created by using contrast scheme, striking colours or by using complex designs and shapes etc.

Whenever an Interior Designer creates a focal point on a given area or surface, a designer must create centre of aim using Vaastu principles. An interior designer must use the symbols and objects that are pleasing to eyes. Images which make no sense at all must not be set at focal points. Interior Designer in his briefing session must discuss about the area of concern and achieving goals and ambitions of his/ her client. An office or commercial place could set a water feature or water fall as a focal point in the site plan. The water element would help generation of wealth and boost good luck and fortune. The direction where water element

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is being highlighted should be in an appropriate direction as discussed earlier, otherwise by use of over water element, stress could lead to a drowned enthusiasm and energy. The water feature should not be stagnant and should always be clean.

Vaastu & Feng shui suggests pleasing sites, pictures and symbols which produce pleasing effects. Therefore images like crying women, poverty images, dark clouds vultures, foxes, etc., should totally be abandoned. The lighting focus should not be too dim, or too harsh.

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2. Balance Balance is second important principle of Interior Designing, which suggests and lays equal emphasis on all parts of a design and plan. The balance in design can be created directly or indirectly. Direct balance can be created by producing a mirror view of an image while indirect balance is one where an overall balanced look is created by not stressing any one of the sides in a design or on a site.

Grouping number of objects just on one side of a surface shall disturb the balance principle. This can be understood by looking at the relationship graph of elements given : Directions Element

Supported by

Overpowers

Destroyed by

Weakened by

East & S. East

Space

(Wood)

Water

Earth

Air

Fire

South

Fire

Space

Air

Water Earth

S.W & N.E.

Earth

Fire

Water

Space

Air

West & N.W.

Air (Metal)

Earth

Space

Fire

Water

North

Water

Air

Fire

Earth

Space

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An interior designer must use this graph to visualize his idea of plans, sites and design. Let us examine a wall hanging designed in coordination to Vaastu principles.

In the wall hanging which has been designed keeping in mind the South direction, highlights arrows for fires, own element. The rectangles emphasise space element which support fire element. But not to create an atmosphere of aggressive argument and softly but firmly persuade the goals of life, the addition of earth element in form of cotton material fabric on which the design is laid creating a balance form of proportion in Interior Designing.

3. Contrast Contrast is an important principle of Interior Designing as contrast instantly makes a comparison ground for a

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viewer and attracts his/her attention. Contrast can be created using lines, shapes, colours, textures or theme.

The contrast scheme makes images, pictures, objects and planning interesting and exciting. The easiest way to create contrast is by use of colours and size. Too much use of contrast colours can create confusion in a design. Therefore, contrast should also be used with balance in a design.

Colour is an efficient and most popular element used by an Interior Designer. And every colour has its own attributes and characteristics. The qualities of colours should be used as per psychological and Vaastu impact on humans. Let us study in detail the characteristic and association of colours with elements of Vaastu and kind of impact colours have on people physically, emotionally and psychologically.

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Fire (Red and Orange) These colours symbolize summer season. It reflects fire and heat. If fire colour are used positively they can generate light, arise warmth and happiness. It can explode, erupt like volcano and destroy with great intensity. If used +vely it brings honour and symbol of fairness but negatively it stands for war and aggression.

According to Astrology every human being has a ‘Tatwa’ in other words an element. People with Fire ‘Tatwa’ are born leaders and are known for action. They inspire people to follow without considering the consequences as they believe in setting their own rules. If the rules are not followed they exploit others and rarely think about feelings of others.

Fire element people are innovative, have a harsh sense of humour and are very passionate.

Earth (Brown and Yellow) These colours symbolize life, nurturing and growth from where all living things emanate from and return to.

These colours show tolerance, wisdom and motherly touch.

The two colours are very supportive and interact with other elements. But their negative aspect is that these colours in association with the element represent nervous anticipation

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of certain problems.

According to ‘Tatwa’ associated with Astrology, the humans born with earth element are very tolerant, supportive and loyal. Earth element people are practical and down to earth in their approach. They are tower of strength in crisis, loyal, dependable and patient. But people with this element can sometimes be obsessed as they give too much time for problem solving solutions.

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Air (White, Silver and Gold) These colours are linked with autumn season. The three colours reflect strength and solidity. These colours have the ability to absorb and contain and still pose strong against all forces. These colours reflect intelligence, justice and purity.

The negative aspect of these colours is that they may reflect sadness, cold appearance and may spread destruction.

The air may seem pleasant and nourishing only till the time it is calm, smooth and sweet while wind if turns into storm can lead to disaster and destruction.

The people born with Air ‘Tatwa’ are ambitious but they follow ambitions too rigidly. They are good organizers, independent and lovers. They are inflexible and rely upon their abilities alone. They are strong, dedicated and intuitive people with strong will power.

Water (Blue & Black) These colours symbolize winter season. These colours reflect art and beauty. They reflect peace and sometimes an unusual calmness and quietness. They nurture and support while understanding. These colours reflect strong emotional courage with bent towards sympathy.

The people with ‘Tatwa’ water are good communicators.

They are helpful to others and cooperate with a helping hand.

The people with water ‘Tatwa’ are flexible and change with circumstances. Overall such people are artistic, sociable and sympathetic. Negative point about this element is that people with such attributes are fickle minded and over sensitive. They soon change their opinions.

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Space (Green) This colour symbolizes spring season. This colour is directly linked to plant life and vegetation. This colour can be very subtle at times but also very sturdy at other points. This colour believes in generation and reproduction.

Therefore, this colour has strength to boost energy levels but too strong an impact this colour can seem darkened and reflect danger.

The people with Space ‘Tatwa’ are very energetic and high spirited. Such people have an ideal approach in life which makes them popular. They visualize very well but at times may divert from plans. This tatwa sometimes generates impatience which makes them leave the task unfinished and undone.

Here we have studied ‘Tatwa’ of individuals, so as to understand the characters and qualities of different elements more clearly.

Movement is the principle of design where the eye of person sweeps through the design. This movement of eye can be in any of the directions, but a designer can control the movement of eyes in accordance to the movement of design.

The Interior designer can control this movement by using perspective or by grouping objects in particular part or by using overlapping phenomena in a design. This movements can also be set in a particular direction by use of colour. The more the movement, the more effective is the designing skill and presentation of a designer.

Movement has a bigger role to play in career of interior designer seen from content of Vaastu. The movement and flow of electromagnetic energy has a major role in our interior set up. Electromagnetic energy flows passes through every individual and every aspect of physical in universe. This energy can have both positive and negative influence over our mind and body depending upon how well or how unwell the electromagnetic energy flows through our body and things surrounding us. Its effects cannot be seen but can be felt on an instinctive level. Whereever and whenever the electromagnetic energy flows smoothly we can

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feel the balance and calm in the atmosphere surrounding us but tension grips us and makes body feel heavier where the electromagnetic energy flow is unbalanced. This can be easily understood by imagining ourselves walking in open natural and pleasant environment of hill station. The peace and calm our mind and body feels, indicates a smooth and organized healthy flow of energy. On the other hand imagine yourself walking on a busy heavy traffic road of metro city this thought makes our mind and body feel heavier and stressful.

Similarly, an Interior Designer can create this calm and peace by judging manipulating the flow of energy in our houses and offices. The energy of electromagnetic sphere is naturally generated by combining all 5 basic elements i.e Space, Fire, Earth, Air and Water. Therefore, it is very important that the combined energy for elements flows in a harmonious balance and a set direction so as to generate calm and peace in designed set up. Let us examine as to how an Interior Designer can use and mould the flow of energy in his favour in a designed plan.

1. POWER OF BLACK AND WHITE The movement and flow of electromagnetic energy can be used by Interior Designer to create a desired atmosphere through a design plan. The black is symbolic to dark, dull, relaxing, quiets, inner guidance and develops extra sensory awareness and awakening. Therefore the use of lesser bright effects in the area where a designer is wanting to create a relaxing atmosphere is effective because the energy stimulation level with black is low. While white is symbolic to brightness, activity, stimulation day and ambition fulfilment. The use of bright colour shall add ambition but over emphasis would lead to stress, tension and overload phenomena. Therefore the black and white energy must be used in a proportion which when and as required generate a balanced proportion of attainable requisite.

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2. POWER OF LIGHT AND HEAVY

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Too heavy demonstration of work of art by a designer causes stress and pressure on electromagnetic energy level of individual and surrounding objects. Whereas too light demonstrations may not at all stimulate the energy level of onlooker or inhabitant. In creating a design the movement of energy should be such that it flows smoothly without creating too much clutter and haphazard creations in a design or plan. It would be easy to understand that too heavy and too many heavy items in living room area may conflict with the flow. The energy should be allowed to flow in proportion where too heavy objects may disrupt the flow while too light object may not hold the energy whereby using the properties to individuals’ favour. The proportionately balance bedroom with neither too light nor too heavy furniture shall best enhance the swift and calm flow of magnetic energy.

3. THE POWER OF MOBILITY

Movement stimulates beneficial electromagnetic energy and helps breaking up of harmful energy. At the

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stagnant corners the items which move can be used to give movement to more relaxed energy. In case a corner of house is empty which stimulates source of wealth then object with movement or life can be installed so as to give power of mobility to that particular direction. Plants, Clocks, Pets, Computer or Television shall encourage the stimulation of that area. Similarly a painting or work of art which represent movement and life shall generate beneficial results.

4. RHYTHM

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Rhythm refers to the visual pace or beat in a design.

The pace or beat in a design can be created by repeating a similar motive or element in a design. Rhythm in a design can be created by repeating the order at regular intervals or at random proportions. It is not necessary that the elements which are repeated should be similar in nature.

The placement of object in rhythmic manner makes the eye movement move in a particular direction and move a rhythmic move.

Looking from aspect of Vaastu, all five elements while working independently or jointly must move with a visual pace and beat. Too heavy flow of a single energy may flush away the positive energy produced by the associating element. For example, heavy energy aspect of Water element over Fire element may make the beat too drowned and washed off.

Any design created for a purpose should have a unified appeal. It should not be unbalanced, should not pertain too much contrast, should have a very well placed centre of aim and should travel in a good rhythm. It is important that an Interior designer must not only keep the principles of design into account while building up a plan or design but also must be mature to judge its end use and applicability. It is important that the technical and natural science approach of Interior Designer must match with requirements and attainments of his client and audience.

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BUILDING MATERIALS

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Construction and designing is done from many different materials. The knowledge of building materials is important to Interior Designer for varied reasons. Interior Designer must be aware of varieties and properties of materials so as to make projects’ cost effective, decorative and advisable to clients while working in association with an Architect or otherwise. An Interior Designer with his knowledge of building materials’ can monitor control over the quality work of the site under construction. The building materials knowledge makes the scope for experimentation more probable and defined. The power to convince his audience proves his ability as an interior designer more versatile and accessible. In this chapter we shall also study the Vaastu’s aspect of determining the building materials as appropriate and effective, Let us examine the building materials.

BRICKS

Bricks are the main core of any building constructions works. It is important that the bricks should be strong enough to retain the harsh strokes of time’s uncertain.

Bricks are used in construction of base bonding, walls and designing certain objects like fire place inside the buildings.

Different kinds of wall decoration & designing can be done by brick bonding.

Bricks are made from clay. The clay is processed at very high temperatures to add to its strength to form a brick. Brick is moist clay hardened by heat. The brick making involves four major steps in its construction. Firstly, the clay is given shape of a brick. Secondly, the shaped clay is put into the moulds. Thirdly, the clay with its mould is dried. Finally, the dried clay is processed at very high temperatures. Bricks are generally available in two different sizes – 9”x4½”x3 and 10”x5”x3”. Both sizes of bricks can be used in relation with requirement of design and its strength.

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PROPERTIES OF BRICKS • It is important that the surface of bricks should be rough and not too smooth. The rough texture of brick shall hold mortar more firmly and result in strong building.

• Mortar-It is a building material (as a mixture of cement, lime or gypsum with sand and water ) used in masonry or plastering.

• A metallic spark must form when two bricks are struck together or hit with hammer.

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• Brick should be hard so as to retain scratches and marks from harsh objects.

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• The good brick must not break easily when stuck against stones & bricks.

To increase the binding strength of bricks it is important that they are soaked in water one hour before using them for construction.

Vaastu Shastra instructs that care should be taken while using bricks. They should pertain regular shape, should possess red colour and should not be porous. Vaastu also instructs that when the bricks are soaked in water before use they should not be dry when taken out.

CEMENT Cement is the main ingredient in building construction material. Cement has multifold uses in construction. It not only serves as a binding source along with bricks, stones & mortar but many objects can directly be constructed from cement. Cement is used for plastering of walls, for binding in foundation, flooring and roofs and is used for construction of various items like hedges, rails and stair poles etc.

Cement is powder of alumina, silica, lime, iron oxide and magnesia which are burned together in a kiln and finely pulverized. Cement then formed is used as ingredient with

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mortar and concrete. Let us study the varieties of cements available to us –

1. Quick set cement This variety of cement involves use of small percentage of aluminum, sulphate and gypsum. It is very finely grinded and starts to harden a few minutes after the water is added to it. The early set procedure of this cement helps works which need to be finished fast and at places where there is constant flow of running water.

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2. Fast hardening Cement The fast hardening cement has high strength. The high strength ability is accessed due to high lime content. This cement is also burned at very high temperature and then grinded finally. This variety of cement is useful at places where the linter is to be opened fast, cold eather conditions to protect from low temperature effects. This cement is economical at places of high strength works.

3. Pozzolana Cement It is finely divided siliceous or siliceous and aluminous material that reacts chemically with slaked lime at ordinary temperature and in the presence of moisture to form a strong slow hardening cement. It is used for marine structures, sewage works and underwater works. It is mainly used in construction of thermal plants.

4. White Cement This cement type is like ordinary cement but the colour difference being white. It is white as it does not contain iron oxide. It is costly cement and mainly used for flooring and other decorative objects. Its strength is as good as that of ordinary cement.

5. Ordinary Cement / Portland Cement This is most commonly used cement variety. Its strength is good enough to hold strong constructions. It is also most

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widely used and cost efficient cement type.

TIMBER Timber is a large squared or dressed piece of wood for use or forming part of a structure. It is that part of wood of a tree which is of sufficient size and can be used for building, carpentry & various construction purposes. Much variety of timber wood is available but with different price structure and durability span. Some of popular timber variety names are Teak (Sagwan), Tall, Babul, Deodar, Sal, Walnut, Arjun, Shesham, Ashok & Kadamb.

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PROPERTIES OF GOOD QUALITY WOOD

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• A heavy timber type is known to be good quality wood. The heavy aspect associates to its strength.

• The timber should appear bound, stout, uniform, hard and compact.

• The colour of timber should be dark, finely fibered and pertain a lustre appearance, should produce good sound effects.

Good wood should be treated for water and termite. A good quality wood must also be resistant to surface wear, dry heat, cracking, scratching, colour change and stream etc.

Vaastu prescribes that wood work done by using Maple, Teak, Tall, Arujun, Shesham, Ashok and Kadamb trees bring happiness and prosperity. It is good to use only one variety of wood in construction of whole building. More than two types of wood usage hamper the success of inmates.

Timber of mango tree, teak tree and neem tree give beneficial results while timber from tamarind, palm, banyan, peepal tree etc., harms the growth prospects of habitants.

i. Plywood Plywood is sheets of wood glued or cemented together

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with the grains of adjacent layers arranged at right angles or at a wide angle. Plywood is scientifically prepared to suite the required shape, appearance, size and strength. Plywood is available in various colours, patterns and combinations.

It is used for interior partitions, doors and paneling.

ii. Fiber Board It is a form of board prepared by compressing fibers from wood into stiff sheets. They are available in various sizes and thicknesses. They are mainly used for wall paneling, ceiling and partitions.

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iii. Block board It is a board made up from strips of wood glued or joined together to form a slab which is again glued between two or more outer vaneers. These block boards can be used for commercial as well decorative purposes. It is mainly used for furniture, paneling and partitions.

STONES

The variety of choice option to us in relation to stones is large. Stones cover an interesting role in Interior designing schemes and plans because they are used not only for basis foundation construction but also covers walls, roofing and flooring. This can very well be used for interior Designing buildings. Let us examine the various kinds :

1. Sand Stone It is extracted from a sedimentary rock consisting usually of quality sand which is united by some form of cement (as silica or calcium carbonate). It is an easy stone type to work with. It is used for general construction works and ornamental carvings.

2. Lime Stone This stone type is chiefly formed by accumulation of organic remains (as shells or coral), which consists mainly

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of calcium carbonate and releases lime when burned.

Therefore lime is also manufactured from it. The slabs of lime stone are used for flooring, roofing and paving.

3. Slate It is a fine grained metamorphic rock produced by compression of various sediments like clay or shale so as to develop a characteristic cleavage. Slate is used as construction material for roofing, siding, flooring, staircase steps making and damp proofing.

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4. Marble It is a limestone that is more or less crystallized by metamorphism, which ranges from granular to compact texture. It is also capable of taking high polish. It is used for superior building works like flooring, ornamentation and decoration.

5. Granite It is a very hard natural igneous rock. It forms a formation of visibly crystalline texture formed essentially of quartz and orthoclase. Being hard in nature it can be used for floorings, bridge abutments etc. But it is not suitable for carvings.

Vaastu recommends that stones should be hard, tough, compact grained, uniform in texture and colour, flawless and without grooves.

Tiles is an industrial product made out of clay. They can be flat or curved pieces of fireclay or stone. The industrial tiles can also be made from cork, linoleum or rubber. But the popularly used variety as building materials are classified into two :

Encaustic tiles These tiles are processed and mainly used for decorative and ornamental works for interiors.

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Common tiles These tiles may be made from stones, cork or clay. They are mainly used for roofing, paving and draining.

Let us examine tiles in relation to their end usage –

Flooring tiles The tiles to be used for flooring must be uniform in size, shape and should not possess irregularities like cracks & roughness.

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The commonly used square sized tiles are available in sizes as given – 15x15 cms – thickness 18 mm.

20x20 cms – thickness 20mm.

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Roofing tiles The interlocking roof tiles are manufactured by many companies. Roofing tiles are mainly square in design.

Quarry tiles These are shaped tiles which are very strong in nature and possess a good wear resisting property. This tiling is used for heavy wear or chemical resistance floorings.

Earthenware tiles The upper side of this tile type is glazed and lower side is without glaze and rough in surface. This type of tile mainly used for bathroom and kitchen flooring and walling. These tiles are easy to maintain and clean.

Terracotta tiles These are glazed or unglazed fired clay tiles used specially for roofing, facing and relief ornamentation.

Tiles made out of natural stone slabs and tiles made out of marble, granite and other clay products are cheap, are of good quality, fire and taint resistant and very much Vaastu friendly.

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PAINTS

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Paints are form of a coloured fluid liquid materials applied as a final decorative finish on surfaces like walls, ceilings, wood works, metal works and elevations etc. The paint work of these surfaces is necessary to increase the beauty, strength and longevity. Paints which lack shine are called matt paints while paints which pertain shine are called low lustre finish paints.

A good paint must possess good spreading and covering strength and must dry within few hours. The process of application must be easy and good paints are one which are not only durable but also cost effective for the end users.

Let us study the types of paints available to us and their end uses.

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1. Cement paints Cement paint is a water proof paint. It has strength, hardness, durability and decorative nature. The life of cement paint is long lasting. It is used for cemented walls, stone masonry and concrete impressions.

2. Enamel paints It is a variety of washable paint. After enamel paints are applied, they dry slowly but gives a perfect finish. It is not effected by water therefore it is easily washable. As it is water proof paint it can be used in interiors and exterior of a building.

3. Emulsion paints These paints are smooth in finish, have longevity and dry fast. It can be worked on all kinds of surfaces.

4. Plastic paints As the name suggests, plastic is the base product used in formation of these paints. It is quick in drying, has a smooth finish and a glossy appearance. They can be used for both commercial and residential purposes.

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5. Oil paints These paints also give an attractive finish. They can be used for many kind of works like wood work, metal work and routine wall and ceiling works.

6. Aluminium finish They are silver in colour. These paints have a long life and are not affected by water. Therefore they can be used for poles and machine painting works.

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7. Distempers The colour variety in distemper are fast in nature. They are not only economical but also durable and easy to apply.

They can be put on all kinds of surfaces.

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8. Texture paints Texture paints are the most modern and designed readymade stuff for walls. Texture paints are available almost in all colours with different textures of plain and upheavals. Earlier texture was done with the help of cement and then painted but now easy designing options are available even with choice of ‘murals’.

An appropriate colour should be chosen for painting the walls which are friendly in nature and are cordial with the direction of the surface to be painted.

GLASS Glass is a transparent or translucent object which consists of mixture of silicates & borates formed by fusion of oxides with a flux which stabilizes into a mass that cools to a rigid condition without crystallization.

The end uses of glass are many fold. It is used for doors and windows. Glass strips are used to provide body to cemented flooring by formation of blockades. Glass is used on surface area to create an illusion for given space by making the space look larger. Glass has a touch of elegance, looking glass and kitchen glass ware are of great importance

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for interior designer as they are symbols of self expression and beauty.

Different types of glass varieties are available which are used for different purposes. Some of the types are listed below –

Fibre glass It is mainly used for artificial roofing’s and moulded seating furniture items.

Flint glass It is used for electrical purpose like bulbs making and making delicate crockery items.

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Pyrex glass It is used in making of laboratory apparatus and light temperature cooking utensils.

Wired glass This glass variety is used in making doors, windows with fire resistant.

Block glass This glass type is used in construction of artificial partitions, skylights and insulations.

Tinted Glass Commonly used glass for doors, decoration and light arrangements.

Plane glass It is used for display cabinets, looking glasses. The delicacy of glass not only enhances projection but is also an effective medium to generate beauty, attraction and a device to handle flow of electromagnetic energy when used as mirrors, crockery ware etc.

Mirrors are great source of enhancement. They double the good qualities of images which they reflect. Therefore,

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it is important that they reflect the pleasant scenes or favourship objects that surround us.

The reflection of food and flowers is in fact a pleasant sight for mirror view. Secondly, they also encourage natural light thereby stimulating the energy flow in the building.

The broken or cracked glass or mirror images are not good as they reflect broken images of objects.

As per Vaastu tenets looking mirror make an extension on the wall they are fixed. So, mirror should be used on Eastern, North-Eastern or Northern walls only.

Crystal glassware and crockery is excellent medium to energise through the flow of energy to individuals throughout the meals.

ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING

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Lighting our homes and offices is an important part of Interior Designing. Lighting is as important as is decoration of the given space. A beautiful crystal statue or traditionally adored painting may go unnoticed without impressive light effects. Whereas too much light pressure on an unwanted dark corner may create a depressing mood.

Lighting is generated inside a complex or residential building through artificial lighting or natural lighting.

Natural light if peeps through every room shall enhance the beauty and freshness but may sometimes be depressing when relaxation of sleep needs are to be fulfilled. In such a case, option of double lined curtains should be encouraged.

Similarly, Indian climatic conditions may always not encourage pleasing and soothing sunlight inflow in summer season. Therefore option of double lined curtains for blinds are handy to monitor the coolness & warmth inside the rooms without use of artificial conditioning systems.

The main idea with lights should be such that light fittings are compatible to style of the room and that every individual light must position in accordance to its relation

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with other lighting sources. Lighting arrangements must highlight not only style but also create an atmosphere with relation to moods, enhance a dark corner, focus a plant, painting or ornament and is suitable to budget allocations.

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Various varieties of decorative and casual lighting options are available to us. Vaastu has a deep relationship with lighting sources. At the places where bright light arrangement is used, the sense of electromagnetic energy produces an illusion of over active environment, where work energy level rises and human ambitions are more likely to be focused by human minds. The atmosphere in lobby of 5 star hotels or a busy working area of a multi giant company can easily symbolize our over active and ambitious approach towards work and target achievement graphs of an organization. The phenomenal growth of two world’s famous Industrial Giants near Mumbai can be partly attributed to the day like illumination of the entire plant. Comparing this with a dull small town shop of a cloth merchant shows his lack of enthusiasm, in rising high and touching bigger horizons. He may have ambitions but these ambitions lack lighting support.

Similarly too bright lighting scheme in a residential lobby may constantly encourage enthusiasm, where as this corner of house requires lesser bright light arrangement as all work and no rest may tire human mind and body to an extent of depression due to over workload. Therefore, it is important that light arrangement should be used according to our mental & physical requirements. The place of rest, relaxation and peace e.g. lobby, garden, sometimes dining room and bedrooms may require a change over lighting arrangement.

Background lights, task lights and Decorative light can also be selected according to their relationship with 5 elements of Vaastu. For example a round small globe base for shade is associated with element Air can be placed

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in North-west direction or West direction to enhance creativity, name, fame, relationships in business, family and Leadership. Brown and yellow colours shall support Air element as the two colours belong to element Earth.

Similarly, different shades with varied design, colours and materials wood care, paper etc. can be used in relation of 5 elements of energy and their helpful direction to bring beauty along with human aspirations fulfilment therefore, keeping the light balance and proportion of its usage and effects in mind.

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