Hope and Peace for Jubilee Year 2025
On the first day of January, we begin the New Year by celebrating the Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God. Itis indeed ajoy and privilege for us to begin the New Year with Mother Mary. If Mother Mary accompanies us each day of the year, we will be safeinher handsor under her mantle for she is always withherSonwhowillprotect usand fill us with his graces and blessings. I wish you a very happy and peaceful New Year 2025 which we will be celebrating asthe Holy Year orJubileeYeartocommemorate the 2025th anniversary of the birth of Our Lord Jesus Christ. Let us spend theHolyYearasPilgrims ofHopeas Pope Francis hasexhorted usto do.
On 1st of January the Church also celebrates World Day of Peace. Every year the Pope sends a message for the World Day of Peace.Thethemeforthe58th World Dayof Peaceon1st January2025 is: “Forgiveusourtrespasses:grantus yourpeace.”
TheHoly Father begins hismessage by greeting every man and woman withheartfeltgood wishesofpeace, “especially for those who feel downtrodden, burdened by their past mistakes, oppressed by the judgment of others and incapable of perceiving even a glimmer of hope fortheirownlives”.
Explaining the origin of Jubilee as found in Leviticus Ch. 25 Pope Francis reminds us that it is an occasion for us to restore God’s justice in every aspect oflife: use of the land, possession of goods, relationships with others, above all thepoor and thedispossessed.
“In our day too, the Jubilee is an event that inspires us to seek to
establish the liberating justice of God inourworld”, hesays.
Pope Francis reminds us that the “goods of the earth are meant not for a privileged few, but for everyone”. He mentions that “certain governments and private financial institutions of the richer countries unscrupulously and indiscriminately exploit the human and natural resources of poorer countries”.
The Pope urges the international community toforgiveforeign debts: “In the spirit of this jubilee year, I urgetheinternationalcommunityto work towards forgiving foreign debt inrecognition oftheecological debt existing between theNorth and the Southofthisworld. Thisisanappeal for solidarity, but above all for justice”.
The Holy father makes three proposals “capable of restoring
dignity tothelivesofentire peoples and enabling them to set them out anewon thejourney ofhope”.
Proposal No.1: “I renew the appeal launched by Saint John Paul II on the occasion of the Great Jubilee of theYear2000toconsider“reducing substantially, if not cancelling outright, the international debt which seriously threatens the future ofmany nations”.
Proposal No. 2: “Ialsoaskforafirm commitment to respect for the dignity of human life from conception tonaturaldeath, sothat each person can cherish his or her own lifeand allmay look with hope to a future of prosperity and happiness for themselves and for their children.”
Proposal No.3: “In this time marked by wars, let us use at least a fixed percentage of the money earmarked for armaments to establish aglobal Fund to eradicate hunger and facilitate in the poorer countries educational activities aimed at promoting sustainable development and combating climate change”.
TheHolyFatherassures: “Thosewho take uptheseproposals andsetout on the journey of hope will surely glimpse the dawn of the greatly desired goal ofpeace”
Pope Francis hopes, wishes and prays that 2025 be a year in which peaceflourishes. Whileproposals 1 and 3 are mainly for international communities, heads of nations and governments, we all can and must follow the 2nd proposal to respect the dignity of human life from conception to natural death. Besides, Pope Francis suggests something that all of us can do to bring peace, harmony and brotherhood among ourselves and inour neighborhood.
He says:“At times, something quite simple will do, such as “a smile, a small gesture of friendship, a kind look, aready ear,agood deed”. Let
us do these simple things. Let us forgive our trespassers just as God forgives usour trespassesandletus remain always reconciled and at peacewith God andone another.
I wish you a very Happy and Peaceful New Year. May the Jubilee Year bring us an abundance of hope. God bless you.
†Gerald JohnMathias Bishop ofLucknow
A Heritage Catholic Rally
C
atholicsof the Diocese of Mangalore for decades now observe a tradition of a special expression of Hallowed honour, faith and devotion to Christ represented in the Holy Eucharist, with a mega procession with all the parishes of the Mangalore diocese represented on the first Sunday of eachyear. This year accordingly on January 5, 2025, afternoon, the tradition was organised : A solemn Epiphany Mass was celebrated led by Bishop of Mangalore, Rev Dr. Peter Paul Saldanha and many priests of different orders of Mangalore diocese. Itwas indeed a swelling up of faithand hope with thousands of Catholics of all ages and orientations from all corners of the Diocese taking part. After the unique Holy Mass at Milagres Church,theorderly prayerful stream of devout Catholics wended its way from Milagres, passing by Wenlock Hospital, Hampankatta, Clock Tower, Mini Vidhana Soudha, A J Shetty Circle, Fiza Mall and arrived at Rosario Cathedral after about 75
minutes. TherallyingofCatholics at theCathedral Grounds wasgigantic, the good arrangements and neat rows of seats presented a tranquil and devout atmosphere; adoration, sermon and blessing followed the exhortation of the Church was grasped byallwhoattended aspart ofthespecial HOLYYEAR 2025.
AtthemassatMilagresinhishomily the Bishop highlighted the deep symbolism of the journey of the Three Kings, emphasizing its relevanceinspirituallivesofpeople. "TheMagi’s journey insearchofthe truth marks the beginning of our journey ofhope, hope that finds its fulfillment in Jesus, the true light of the world," he said. The Magi’s unwavering faith and humility must motivate the faithful to seek Christ as the ultimate truth and allow His
light toguide theirlives. The Bishop alsounderscored thesignificanceof sharing this light with others, asthe Magi did upon returning to their lands, making the Feast not only a celebration of revelation but also a call to integrity and mission. The Eucharistic procession began after
the mass, virtually a visual and spiritual journey. The Blessed Sacrament was carried on a beautifully adorned vehicle, At the Rosario Cathedral Grounds,
the faithful gathered for adoration and reflection on the Word of God.
Rev. Fr Victor D’Mello, Parish Priest of Paneer Church, in a inspiring sermon on thetheme oftheYearof Jubilee 2025: “Hope Does Not Disappoint Us.” Emphasising the sustaining power of the Eucharist and the Scriptures, he said, “Amid
life’s hardships, failures, and sickness, we are called to find the sourcesofhope intheEucharistand the Word of God. Let us be bearers of hope, uplifting those in despair.” The final adoration at Rosario Cathedral was coordinated by Rev. Fr Vijay Machado, Director
of Mangala Jyothi Liturgical Centre along with Rev. Dr Praveen Leo
Lasrado, Secretary of the Catholic Board of Education. Bishop Rev Peter Paul Saldanha extended heartfelt gratitude to all the participants, organisers, and volunteers for their dedication, which contributed to thesuccess of theevent.
As the world marks the end of the first quarter of thismodern century,
it augurs well to refresh our minds ofthehistory andfactualmilestones of Catholic existence and growth in Mangalore vis a vis Mangalore Diocese. These general factsare
oftenforgotten andrefreshingthem from time to time isdesirable anda dutyforusproud folksofthelegacy that is passed down and for the awarenessofthosenowandsoonto come: Recap&Review:
From 1568 over 450 years now; Christianity has been ever growing in Kanara. This year 2025 is declared as the Holy Year by thePope. It issignificant in Mangaluru and Udupi in particular, officially Christianity has been part of the culture as per records, from earlier than 1568 AD - This year 2025 accounts for 450 plus years. The influence wielded by various entitieshassurely influencedvisibly, early clergy even in the 1900s was
predominantly European - Italian and German, and their introduction of education provided the winds of change. Mangaluru has been a cradle of education for the last 150 years ormore.
Early times 1568 AD on: Christianity first came to India within 20 years of Jesus Christ's death at the age of 33 years, so to sayin about 52. AD; thusit cameto the Indian sub-continent even before it was known in many western countries. It was Christ's closeapostle, oneofthefirsttwelve, St.Thomas, theSyriancameover the Arabian sea, and landed in the extreme south of the West coast of India, whatisnow Kerala.
Centurieslater,thePortuguese eyed Mangalore in 1530s, it took much effort to finally land on Mangaluru soil on January5, 1568, in atrading pact with Tuluva rulers who gave space on the banks of river Nethravathi in the area now known as 'Halaya Kote' in Bolar. Records indicate, Portuguese garrison consisted of about 200 men, the then Portuguese fort was named 'Sao Sabastiao'
(St.Sebastian). Reluctant converts toChristianity 'Sarasvats'ofKonkani origins fromGoa,originally fromthe banks of the extinct river "Saraswathi”, were brought here to work in the spice mills and agricultural lands. They were the early Christian population here who were later joined by mainlyKonkani migrants who had reached Farangipete independently decades earlier. Within the fort was a settlement andsmall chapel, 'Nossa Senora de Rosario', (Mother of the Rosary) that served the garrison. By the time of Pietro Della Valle’s visit in1623, two moreprimitive chapels, served by Franciscan padres came up beyond the fort he notes. The first 'Rosario' came to be known as the’poyadaingreji’ (Tulu) or‘church on the sands', and ’factory church’ of the Portuguese. The memory of the Portuguese fort, however, lives on in the name given to the area ‘haleye kote,’(old fort) used even today. Much development has no doubt resulted in the small original Mangaluru town that once lay between "Sharavu Ganapati" Temple just inside Kodialbail and "Mangaladevi" Temple in Bolar; the deity here has given this place its
name "Mangala-uru", so Mangalore. The projection that the present Rosario Cathedral is the original spotwhere theearly church ofMangalore waswrong.
Konkani Catholics 1800-1915
AD: The RomanCatholic faithin its present form took root in Mangalore from emigrant Konkani folk in the Portuguese settlement around the commodity factories set up around the spot of the Portuguese fort of St. Sebastian. The Konkani Catholics faced many trials and were grossly reduced in numbers by the advent of the 'Captivity' under Tipu Sultan which ended in 1799; the faith stabilizedinthe1800sandspreadin all directions with many churches established and parishes formedKanara Vicariate was established by in December 1845 under Bishop Bernadine as Vicar Apostolic. Pope Leo XIII initiated a decree to set up a hierarchy in India and Mangalore became an independent Catholic diocese on January 25, 1887. The times 1800 to 1915, was a time of struggle andstrifewithwars, plague and economic poverty yet the Catholic Community rose up like an albatross from the ashes.
The Now - 1915-2018: The Diocese of Mangalore is a dynamic and well-organized integral part of the Universal Roman Catholic Church; Rosario Cathedral is its 'Mother Parish and Church'. In July 2012, the large active Mangalore diocese was bifurcated to form Udupi diocese, with the Kallianpur church declared as its Cathedral. MangaloreDiocese: Atpresentitis spread over anareaof5,924 sq.kms (2287 sq miles). with the Catholic population being 2.7 lakhs that is near 9 per cent of the total population in 116 parishes. The clergy/priests within its ambit are estimated tobemore than300 plus. Religious women/nuns now touch the 2000 plus mark in various dispensations. Further numbers of priests and nuns can be found serving other parts of the country andoverseas. Theentire region has benefited from this singular entity thatstands inthenameofGod. The Diocese of Mangalore since 1887 for 138 years now gone by, has shown a remarkable upward trajectory inallspheres. TheRosario Church located at its current spot
was restored in the year 1813 in its present spot after captivity and raised to the status of a ‘Cathedral’ in 1850, in 1915 the present edifice wascompleted andopened. Latera good number of Catholic churches and institutions flourished in Mangalore; The origins and development of the greater Mangalore Diocese(of whichUdupi was part before 2012) and birth of many parishes stems from Rosario Cathedral. Pope John Paul II, set foot on the soil of Mangalore diocese on February 6, 1986 - the only time aPopehasvisited here.
Rosario Cathedral: The inscription seen above the main entrance pillars and portico reads “1568 – Queen of the Rosary Bless India – 1915”. Basically, this indicates, thefirsteverchurchofthe area was established in 1568; the Cathedral is the mother church of the Diocese and seat of the Bishop. The present edifice was blessed in 1915. In 2008, its inside look and surroundings were given an aesthetic face lift. The Catholic Church and particularly the local faithful certainly have good reason to look upon this land as hallowed,
glorifying and holy. Some peripheral achievements, in the form of institutions located here are: St. Ann’s Convent, Apostolic Carmel (AC) Founding Institution1870, St. Ursula Convent and Foundation House of the Mangalore Ursuline Sisters UFS1887. Rosario Education Institutions - 1868. and so on. Two great Catholic saints who lived in Rosario that Mangaluru has this good fortune to see two of its former religious residents to be declared saints in 2015 are St. Joseph Vaz and St. Mariam Baourdy. The first Mangalorean on the path to sainthood since 2008, whose causeisnowintheVaticanis the founder of Bendur and the Bethany nuns is Servant of God Raymond F CMascarenhas.
Relics of Old Rosario -The Miracle Statue: The statue of Mother Mary of the RosaryRosario, which is said to havebeen on the altar of the early Rosario Church within the fort, 'Sao Sebastiao', according to a prominent researcher mentioned in his major book, is said to be the one
presently in St Aloysius College Museum. Tradition notes a statue was found floating on the sea off Mangalore. Statues have been known to have been found in other places alongIndia’s coastline of the sub-continent. This statue would have come from one of the numerous Portuguese ships that sailed along the coast. It could be the same statue that is said to be hidden when Tipu’s army attacked the churches just before the captivity in 1784. Experts commented on the statue, “It is quite a beautiful image, very detailed, with lovely expression and in very good state. "I would date it from the late-16th century or 1st half of 17th (not truly Baroque) and by the parallel folds in the Lady's dress it looks asofCeylon origin, or by a Sinhalese sculptor in Portuguese Goa.
Portuguese stone Monuments: At the Rosary Cathedral in Mangaluru, there aretwo ancient stones, one stone is weather worn with a faint coat of armsofthe Portuguese King JoaoV pertaining to around 1712, Another
stone, larger and with more visible details lies at the far unseen right entrance of Rosario Cathedral. The stone proclaims the Portuguese presence at the old site at 'Halaya Kote - Bolar', near the river edge opposite the confluence of the two rivers and the Arabian Sea; discovered in March 2009, and narrated by media as an ancient European relic. Decoding the inscriptions withthehelpofexperts; the stone turned out to be the tombstone ofDomingos deMourao Coutinho, the captain of the Portuguese fort of Mangalore, who died on April 30, 1629. It is an existing relic of the first church and fort which since1568 formed apart of Mangalore’s Rosario church history and brings it to perspective. An expert assessment ofthisstone isthat"Itisabout 1.8x 0.7 mts and bears the coat of arms of the Mourão Coutinho family, prominent nobles of the 17th century ofNorthern Portugal. It isa tombstone etched with “Here lies Domingos de Mourão Coutinho, Captain ofFort Mangalore. He died on April 30, 1629.” Laterthis 1629 tomb stone was brought to the Cathedral premises, with a view to
preserving it. So, there it lies now and hopefully this Holy Year, 2025 AD, will bring some light to the ancient relics of Rosario. The highlights of this section of the history of the Catholic Church in Mangaluru are noteworthy. From this history in part, stems the establishment and development of Konkani Catholic Christians of Mangaluru. May this year lead us
By:IvanSaldanha-Shet.
Shining Souls
Good people shine like streetlights bright, Guiding our steps through the darkest night. Though they can’t shorten the path we tread, They light our way, where hope is spread.
A gentle glow, a steady flame, Easing burdens, never seeking fame. They make the journey less steep and long, With kindness pure and hearts so strong.
In their light, our spirits soar, A blessing we cherish forever more.
By: Stany Jovin Menezes – Muscat / Pangla
The controversy over Rama'sbirthdate
Dinkarray Mandaliya
DDM 2025-1-9
According to Hindu belief, Rama and Krishna were incarnations of God Vishnu. During the Vedas Period, nature, such as the Sun, Rain,andair,wasworshipped. Later, they changed to the three Gods, Brahma, Shiva, and Vishnu. Brahmins considered the Vedas a God-inspired scripture. Buddha rejected the Vedas as inspired scripture, animal sacrifice, yagna, and worship of Gods. Instead, he advised cultivating a mind free from anger, lust, and delusion. He said that this is to be achieved by individuals, and worship will not help. After that
period, Hindus reduced animal sacrifice and increased their focus on Karma Yoga. Buddha did not comment on Ramayana and Mahabharat because these epics were written down two centuries afterhisdeath. Therewasnowritten script during hislifetime. Thecontroversy startedbecausethe Ramayana and Mahabharat describe the birthdays ofRama and Krishna according to the planetary positions at the time of birth. According to present calculations, these dates fall during the Stone AgeinIndiaandbeforeIndia'sVeda period and theBronze Age.
Development of Script in India: The earliest script for writing was
developed around 300 BC. This script was Brahmi Script. The Devanagari script was created and written around 1000 CE. The Indus Valley civilization (the Bronze Age) used a script that could not be deciphered because of its limited use theaveragelength ofonlyfive signs. No Rosettastone wasfound. Civilization periods in India: The Bronze Age began in India around 3300 BCE during the Indus Valley civilization, which matured from 2600 BCE to 1900 BCE. The Bronze Age continued in the Rigvedic period. Itwassucceeded bytheIron Age, which began in India around 1200 BCE.
InformationfromArchaeology:
(a) Other parts of the world:
Pyramids in Egypt (2500 BC), Abu Simbel in Egypt (1000 BC), Great Wall in China (700 BC), Acropolis of Athens (560 BCE), Persepolis ofIran (518 BCE), Petra in Jordan (500 BC), Terracotta Army in China (200 BC), Pyramids of Teotihuacan in Mexico (about 100 CE), The Colosseum in Italy (100 CE), Angkor Wat in Cambodia (1200 CE), Machu Picchu inPeru (1400 CE).
(b) InIndia: Stupa of Sarnath (249 BCE),Asetofedictswritten inGreek andPrakrit inKandahar(presently in Afghanistan) (260 BCE), Edicts on large rocks, pillars, cave walls (over 30) written in Prakrit language and Brahmi script 240 BCE), Ajanta Caves (200 BCto 600 CE), IronPillar of Delhi (400 CE), Ellora Caves and other caves(700 CE),.
(c) Excavations at sitesrelated to Ramayana and Mahabharat: Dwarka, Vrindavan, Mathura, Banaras, Gokul, Govardhan, Ayodhya, Rameshwaram, Dandakaranya, Chitrakoot. Items from1900 BCEwerefoundinSinauli in Uttar Pradesh. Dwarika underwater excavation shows it could have been a port during the Indus Valley civilization, like Lothal nearBhavnagar. Dwarkacouldhave been a city during the Krishna period, but no direct clue has been found till now. There are fake underwater pictures of Dwarka in circulation. Excavations by ASI are going on at all places of interest in India.
Information from the story: The attempt is to filter out apparent
mythology from theepic Ramayana and make it suitable for historical facts. Hindu mythology makes the story long and interesting. Some important eventsareselected which describe facilities, arms, ammunition, and transportation in theepic Ramayana:
- According to the Kevat episode in the Ramayana, Rama, Sita and Laxman used the boat of a person named Kevat to cross the Ganga River. So, boats were used for transportation.
- King Janak of Mithila arranges SwayamVaraforthemarriage ofhis daughter Sita. He invited kings of India, and among those who arrived, Sita was to select the one sheliked asherhusband. There isa mythological story about the Pinka bow King Janak had. Per the conditions he puts in place, the candidate shouldbeabletousethis Pinka bow. King Ravana could not, but Rama could do it. The story of PinkaBow isvery long. Weconsider It made of heavy and unbreakable material. Transportation using horses andboats wascommon.
- King Dasharatha performs an Ashvamedha Yagna (horse sacrifice).
Ravana, the king of Lanka, could fly afterabducting Sita using“Pushpak Vimana.” Good-quality chariots, boats, and horses were used for transportation. Ravana abducted Sita from the hut when Rama and Laxman went out to collect food and water. The golden deer story is not used.
- Hanuman is of mythological origin. As per the story, he is Chiranjivi (immortal), Mahabala (having great strength), Bhakta (devotee of Rama), and many other attributes given to him by writer Valmiki. Allthese attributes areOK, but Valmiki attached a tail to him and described him as half monkey and half human to make the story interesting. It can be considered thathewasabraveandstrong army chief supporting King Sugriva of South India.
Ravanaisdescribed asadevotee of God Shiva with great power. There isamythological accountabouthim and his brothers Vibhishana and Kumbhkarna. It can be considered
Ravana, a King of Lanka with great power.
Pointstoconsiderfromthestory:
The Ramayana's story is very long, but the above information canhelp place it during the period of civilization.
Arranging a “Swayam Vara” for the marriage of a daughter. Several kingdoms existed during that time. Communicating withthemfor the marriage of Sita and the arrival of kings on a date fixed from as far as Lanka. Arranging this type of SwayamVara isnoteasyeveninthe present time and could not have happened during the Stone Age. It can be during the mature Vedic period. Thatisafter1000 BCE.
Regarding Krishna, the story of KrishnainMahabharatandBhagwat Puran is more complex. The birth date of Krishna can be after 1000 BCE.
Date as per Writers of Epics: Valmiki described the planetary position for Rama's birthday. The latest calculation by Research on Vedas, using planetarium software, is thatthe birth date falls during 5114 BC. 5114 BC corresponds to
the Stone Age in India. That is 5114+2024 = 7138 years from the presenttime. Valmikiwrotetheepic Ramayana 5000 years after the Rama’s birth, during the “Epic period” from 400 BCE to 400 CE or during the “Puranic period” starting from 300 CE.Before that, nowritten script was developed. So, how can he write the real story after 5000 years? He can write mythological stories from his imagination, which ismore likely.
Take the case of King Ashoka, 260 BCE. We now know he was a powerful emperor who spread his kingdom throughout India, including present-day Afghanistan. Butdoyouknow thathewasalmost forgotten? Europeanscholarsinthe 19th century deciphered ancient inscriptions written inBhrami script, revealing the identity of "Devanampria” and “Priyadasi", the Pali honorific epithets, as Ashoka, the great Mauryan king, which revealed his existence and detailed hisreignasapowerfulemperor who embraced Buddhism after a brutal conquest of Kalinga. These
inscriptions, carved on pillars and rocks, were key tohis legacy.
HowcanthestoryofRama,whowas ofthesmall kingdom ofAyodhya in India and did not leave any inscriptions engraved on stones as there wasno written script then, be remembered after 5000 years? Pundits must consider the story mythology or shift the birth date during or after the mature Veda period around 1000 BCE.
Pundits cannot rewrite the Ramayana, so they want to rewrite the history of civilization and upgrade the Stone Age in India. Some people, like Raj Vedam, are working onthis. They think they are doing great work but areultimately dragging Rama's birthdate and the history ofcivilizations inIndia intoa falsehood.
The Birth Centenary of Fr. Vasco do Rego, sj
(08.01.1925 – 08.01. 2025)
If Fr. Vasco do Rego was alive, he would have celebrated his centenaryofbirthtoday. HowshallI describe the personality of this genius? He was a member of the Society of Jesus (Jesuits), teacher, rector, retreat director, novice master,counselor, lyricist, composer ofmusic,musician,writer, translator, poet, original thinker, theologian, friend of all, especially of the 3L (least, last, lost), founder of Ishaprema- Vinamra- Sevika (Humble Servants of God’s Love) in 1961, polyglot (onewhoknew many
languages, Konknni, Portuguese, French,English, Latin,Spanish,Latin, Greek, Italian, and Marathi), preacher, orator, editor,
administrator, in short man for all seasons andreasons.
purchase a copy of Sôd: Thomas Stephens Konknni Kendr (TSKK) Research Bulletin 24 which I edited in 2022. It is available at TSKK, Porvorim.
In the Konknni hymnal Gionancho Jhelo there are 511 Konknni hymns.
Out of these Fr. Vasco has written the lyrics for 332 hymns (64.97%). Out of his 332 hymns for 52 he has composed themusic.Hehaswritten lyrics for 537 hymns and poems in Konknni, English, and Portuguese. Out of these for 63 he composed music.
For the Konknni liturgy, Konknni Missal, Konknni Lectionary, Konknni Bible, liturgy of the sacraments, he hasalion’sshare.
Inthisbriefnote,itisnotpossible to enumerate his contribution. Those who are interested to know more about Fr. Vasco do Rego, can
He was the hero who restored the sanctity of Bom Jesus Campus, by clearing all the commercial shops. Hestarted to organize theNovenas
andFeast ofSt. Francis Xavier inthe open airpandal withwell-organized liturgy. He meticulously planned andexecuted the expositions ofthe relic ofSFX.
Great men continue to live through their contribution. Though Fr. Vasco left this planet on 17th February 2021, he continues to live in the hearts of his dear and near ones, friends, andcountless admirers.
his
fields. PratapanandaNaiksj 8thJanuary2025
Colonial History in a Nutshell
PhilomenaLawrence GilbertLawrence
Authors:InsightsintoColonialGoa(5th Edition)
Published byAmazon/ Kindle
For details about the book and authors see: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0DQPYSL1F?ref_=pe_93986420_774957520
During the 20th Century, GEM diaspora blossomed both internally (in India) and externally (in Africa, Mideast, and SE Asia), in the LusoN-Anglo spheres. The diaspora status ipso facto made the individual, family, and group upwardly mobile and competitive. Their daily life bridged the barriers of race, ethnicity, nationality, religion, culture, class, and language. Invariably,theyadopted a post-modern, hybrid identity. Old
boundaries were blurred and new identities established. GEMs were the first Asians to be ‘global’ long before the term Global Asianwas coined. They harmoniously blended Asian conservatism with an international consumer outlook to life. They have a strong sense of individualism at work; at home and in social situations, native values and cultural norms reign supreme. Sociologists have raised the issue that the diaspora are akin to exiles
or suffer from attachment to two places. It must be noted that the diaspora generally lives within cultural boundaries of societies and religions; remittances to their families in “the old country” changed their norms, generated progressive ideas, bringing about a change in local stereotypes and caste stratification. Interestingly for GoaandIndia,emigration wasinfull bloom post-independence, especially since the citizens were now school andcollege educated. The external pressures and internal decay in Portugal -- at the palace and in the economy together with the financial boom and the expansion of the native mindset contributed to what Orlando Ribeiro (deputized by Salazar)observed in1956: “Goa was the least Portuguese in its cultural expression among all African and South American colonies.” GEMs whoreceived theirformaleducation in English realized that the lucrative present and future job markets would be intheAnglosphere, which was replacing the Lusosphere in EE. Truth be told, the Lusitanos themselves lost faith in their ruling junta and its ability to foster
prosperity. Forexample,in1942, the colonial government’s response was to make British India’s rupee illegal tender in Goa. Ironically, that currency supplemented the Goan colonial escudo, which was in short supply, and remittances of Indian rupees had easedthe trade deficit.
On October 5, 1910, the revolution in Lisbon resulted in the First Republic finally replacing the monarchy. The world dramatically changed after the two World Wars. Portugal not being a belligerent in the wars was not impacted neither her EE. However, Europe lost much of the colonial wealth in the many internecine wars over the centuries. In 1947, Britain began ending its colonialism in Asia. Lisbon did not anticipate the turning point, yet time and history marched on! The beginning of the end of Lusitanian colonialism was not far behind. Portugal was the first and last bastion of colonial imperialism and her rule over its first colony in Goa ended on December 19th , 1961 the forerunner of the ultimate end of Portugal’s colonialism. Theendof the Raj and Portugal’s grip on Goa heralded the demise of London’s and Lisbon’s colonial rule in other
parts of the world. Newitt vividly described these events as “A great iceberg that had broken up into fragments, that each sailed its own way.” In both colonized and colonized societies, everyone had anopinion toexpress.
Goansocietal changessuggest a decline in Hindu-Brahmin and Catholic-Fidalgo domination and influenceinthepost-colonial era.In its place, a mercantile bourgeoisie (Hindu-N-Christian, Goan-N-NonGoan) rooted in myriad aspects of tourism and commerce has emerged. Lisbon moved onwiththe Carnation Revolution in 1974 and joinedtheEU.Yet,someinGoahave stillnotwoken uptooracceptedthe changes that occurred in 1961 and 1974. Six decades later, many literati are still stuck on the colonial demographic landscape, while astute politicians have moved with times. Most Indians want India to celebrate its Indian heritage without being hostile toward the other faiths and cultures that have flourished in the country. The fact that minority groups have made India their home isitself asign they have accepted the majority Indian culture and way of life within a
pluralistic society. In fact, for most citizens, that is the only way of life they have known.
Evidencethatacommunitycan have multiple religions, yet share a similar culture is seen in several Indianstateslike Punjab andKerala, as well as in Europe, the Americas, and Australia. Andalucía is a welldefined geographical region with eight provinces in southern Spain. The area has a 700-year history of Moorish North African colonialism and the influx of Jewish migrants, who subjugated the Catholic peasants. This well-studied community of Andalucía has succeeded in fostering unity amid diversity. Despite colonialism, conversions, and the inquisition, Andalusia is the most popular tourist destination in Iberia, partly because of its conflict-filled history. Residents cherish and promote architectural, dietary, cultural, and religious diversity along with their unique music,attire, anddance. The co-existence of three religions within one community in Southern Portugal and Spain is not merely external;thefootprints arealsoseen in gene studies implying joint ancestry of asignificant segment of
the population. It is likely that future generations of GEMs of all faithswillshow thesameexemplary pattern of behavior in India and among the diaspora, notwithstanding what current pundits tellus,some whoareclearly trying to sow divisions. Today’s GEMs inIndia andabroad would be well advised to ignore the negative, destructive, anddistorted anecdotal stories about the colonizers. The secret of success is for the native and diaspora communities to get together, ignore these pundits, and build on each other’s skills and centuries-old traditions to strengthen pathways for the decades ahead.
InSummary: The king received ship loads of spices after the first ship to India returned in 1498, as wellaswitheachsubsequent annual Carreira convoy comprising 20to25 ships. Forthenext50years,theking conveniently forgot about “Saving Souls.” Instead, the 40+ forts Portugal established along the coast of the IO became what were described as a “pearl necklace.” Portugal, itsking, andtheEEwereat the peak of their socio-economic
glory fortwo centuries. But therival European colonization of Asia and Africa ended Iberian stronghold of the trade to Europe. Even after Lisbon’s decline in the mid-18th century, the residents in the EE continued to receive a postRenaissance-type education intheir own villages – the first of its kind in Asia. In addition, the colonized developed an international perspective tolife andhad doors of opportunities opened, allowing them to become a worldwide diaspora in Lusitania and its EE as well asin English-speaking EE.Over time, the Diasporas were firmly established acrossthe globe. Asthe saying goes, “Before an upsurge thereisalwaysadepression” andso it was for the GEMs. Both Lusitanians and GEMs are scattered worldwide as Diasporas beyond colonial territory and both groups were forced into twice-migration. Southern New England in the US has a large community of Portuguese-Cape Verdeans and Azoreans, who continue their ship building, seafaring andother waterrelated trades and skills as do the Lusitanos and GEMs in Brazil and other South American countries.
Prominent members of the Indian diaspora have succeeded in becoming Prime Ministers in Portugal, Ireland,andmorerecently, the UK. In days gone by, GEMs and Asians smiled all the way to the bank due to the sale of their spices and other products. In today’s world, theirexceptional servicesand skills are also appreciated worldwide.
We hope this essay provides thereaderswithavitalframework of the GEM diaspora’s historical journey. As Shashi Tharoor wisely stated, “If you do not know where you have been, how do you know where you seek to go? History belongs to the past, but understanding it is the duty of the present.”
We hope you enjoyed reading this aspect of history, which includes plenty of “food for thought.” Please forward these articles to your relatives, friends, peers, aswell as
Extracted from “Insights into Colonial Goa”
Philomena Lawrence and Gilbert Lawrence
Authors: Insights into Colonial Goa Published by Amazon in paperback and e-book.
For details about the book and authors click Insights into Colonial Goa.
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0DQP YSL1F?ref_=pe_93986420_774957 520
The e-book is available in India and can be purchased with Rupees.
In the West, the book is also available in paperback. The Fifth Edition with an emphasis on the Diaspora is now available https://www.amazon.es/Insightsinto-Colonial-PhilomenaLawrence/dp/B0C5GP1SHP
include the essays on Indian and Iberian chat sites. Sharing history shares our cultural heritage. Thank you for allowing us to share this information with you.
Addressing Forced Labor Risks in Healthcare Supply Chains: Harold D’Souza Inspires
Change at Northwell Health Summit
New York, January 9, 2025 – On January 8, 2025, Northwell Health hosted the Healthcare Leadership Summit and Technical Workshop to address the pressing issue of forced labor risks within healthcare supply chains. Held at Northwell Health in New York, the event brought together a distinguished group of executives, lived experience experts, Group Purchasing Organizations (GPOs), and supply chain leaders from healthcare providers. This critical discussion aimed to shed light on forced labor risks and explore actionable solutions for a more ethical and transparent supply chain.
The summit began with opening remarks by Katherine Chon, Director of the Officeon Trafficking in Persons (OTIP) at the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Chon highlighted the
federal government’s commitment to addressing forced labor and human trafficking, emphasizing the healthcare sector’s unique role in fostering systemic change. Dr. Debbie Salas-Lopez, MD, MPH, SeniorVicePresident ofCommunity Wellness and Population Health at Northwell Health, followed with a compelling message on the need for healthcare leaders to champion integrity, transparency, and human dignity within theirsupply chains.
January marks National Human Trafficking Prevention Month, an annual campaign since 2010 that raises awareness about human trafficking and educates the public on identifying and preventing this global crime. The healthcare sector, with its complex supply chains, remains uniquely vulnerable to the risks of forced labor. As such, the
summit provided a timely platform for meaningful dialogue and transformative action.
Harold D’Souza: A Beacon of ResilienceandChange
Globally recognized and respected human rights advocate Harold D’Souza delivered a powerful keynote address at the summit. Drawing on his personal journey andprofessional expertise, D’Souza highlighted key red flags, challenges, solutions, andresources related to labor trafficking. His inspirational journey—from painto pleasure, hurt to happiness, slavery to success, and fear to freedom left delegates deeply moved.
D’Souza’s presentation emphasized the importance of collaboration among healthcare leaders, GPOs,
andsupplychainexpertstomitigate risks and ensure ethical practices. Delegates were profoundly impacted by his practical insights and personal resilience, noting that his words ignited a renewed sense ofurgency andhope foraddressing labor trafficking in healthcare supply chains.
A Visit to The Brahma Kumaris: EnlightenmentandInspiration
Aheadofthe summit, on January 7, 2025, Harold D’Souza visited The Brahma Kumaris in New York, where he was warmly welcomed by Sister Anjani. Describing the visit as “enlightening, awakening, and inspiring,” D’Souza shared that it strengthened his resolve to continue his mission to combat labortrafficking.
unwavering commitment, stating: “Harold has unshakable faith in his purpose and trust in himself. He does not allow doubts to enter his mind, and therefore, he reaches his goals.”
This spiritual interlude reinforced Harold’s dedication to his work, setting the tone for his impactful participation inthesummit.
A National and Global Call to Action
Sister Anjani praised Harold’s
In his address, Harold D’Souza reiterated the importance of National Human Trafficking Prevention Month and the
healthcare sector’s responsibility to lead by example in eradicating forced labor. By prioritizing transparency, due diligence, and survivor-centric approaches, healthcareleaderscancreateasafer, fairer supply chain that aligns with humanrights principles. Northwell Health’s efforts to convenesuchanesteemedgroupof stakeholders reflect their commitment to addressing this critical issue. The event provided a collaborative platform to exchange ideas, forge partnerships, and advance solutions that safeguard human dignity within the supply chain.
LeadershipLegacy
Harold D’Souza’s unwavering dedication to human rights has earnedhim international acclaim.In
2023, he received the prestigious United Nations Human RightsHero Award at the U.N.Headquarters inNewYork.This accolade recognizes his tireless efforts to combat modern-day slavery and his transformative impact on the global human rights landscape.
As the summit concluded, Harold D’Souza lefttheaudience withacall to action: “Together, we can dismantle the systems that enable forced labor and create a world where freedom and dignity are fundamental rights forall.”
For more information on Harold D’Souza and his advocacy work, visit Eyes Open International or contact Northwell Health fordetails on the Healthcare Leadership Summit.
FishcurryRecipes
Here's a delicious Fish Curry recipe you can try: Ingredients: For the Curry: 500g fish fillets (e.g., mackerel, cod, or salmon) 2 tbsp oil (coconut oil or vegetable oil) 1 onion, finely chopped 2-3 garlic cloves, minced 1-inch piece of ginger, grated 2 medium tomatoes, chopped or pureed 1-2 green chilies, slit (adjust to taste) 1 cup coconut milk (or yogurt, for a tangy flavor) 1 cup water Salt, to taste Spices: 1 tsp mustard seeds 1 tsp turmeric powder 1 tsp cumin powder 1 tsp coriander powder 1 tsp red chili powder (optional) 1/2 tsp garam masala A handful of fresh curry leaves (optional) Fresh cilantro (coriander) leaves for garnish Instructions: 1. Prepare the Fish: Clean the fish and pat it dry. Marinate with a pinch of turmeric.
Diocese of Shimoga blessed with a new Church at Holalkere, Chitradurga.
Chitradurga, January 6, 2025: It was a memorable day in the history of the Diocese of Shimoga on January 4th, whenBishop FrancisSerrao S.J.,
Bishop of the Diocese of Shimoga blessed the new church dedicated to DivineMercy atHolalkere.
The program began at 10:30 AM with the attendance of 25 priests,
230 Catholics, andother guests. The family of donors was also present.
Fr. Richard Quadros SVD cut the ribbon, unveiling the beautiful new church. Bishop Francis Serrao S.J. blessed thechurch,altar,ambo, and
tabernacle during theHoly Mass.
Following the Mass, there was a felicitation program honoring the donors, architect, contractor, mission superior, and others who contributed significantly to the
church's construction. Bishop Francis Serrao S.J. was recognized for his vision for the new mission. The service of all priests who worked onthemission, including Fr. Roman Pinto, Fr. Ronald D'Cunha, andothers, wasacknowledged.
Fr. Nelson D'Souza,Fr. Venil D'Silva, Fr. RoshanPinto, andthe sisters did an excellent job with the organization. Fr. Stany Mariappa, Mission Director of the Divine Mercy Church, received special recognition. Amealwasservedtoall inattendance. ============
An enlightening session to raise awarenessonchild labour, human trafficking, perils of drug abuse and welfare schemes for the backward classe
An enlightening session to raise awareness on some of the most pressing societal issues like child labour, human trafficking, perils of drug abuse and welfareschemes forthe backward classes was held at St Agnes PU College in the auditorium. The session featured distinguished speakers who shared their expertiseonthesecriticaltopicsequipping students with valuable insights.
Mr B R Kumar, Labour Officer, Subdivision -1, Mangaluru shed light on the prevalence of Child Labour and Young Workers’ Prohibition and Regulation Amendment Act. He emphasized the amendments made to prohibit the employment of children in hazardous occupations and the importance of education in eradicating child labour. He urgedstudentstoadvocatefortherightsof children and report instances of exploitation.
Mr Suresh Adiga, Assistant Director, Social Welfare Department, Mangaluru spoke extensively about various government schemes designed to support backwardclasses.He outlinedscholarship programmes and financial assistance opportunities encouraging students to make use of these resources.
Mr Umesh Aiyappa, Sub Inspector, Kadri Police Station, Mangaluru delivered an impactful talk on the dangers of drug abuse. He highlighted the psychological and social impact of substance abuse and underscored the importanceof awareness counselling and early intervention to
combat this issue effectively. He also explainedtherisksassociatedwithmobile tracking and the dangers of clicking on unknownlinks.Heurgedstudentstoadopt safe online practices such as avoiding suspiciouswebsitesand securingpersonal data to protect them from cyber threats.
Mr ShukarajS Kottary, Defense Counsel, District Legal Services Authority, Mangaluru addressed the alarming issue of human trafficking, focusing on the methods used by traffickersand the ways to prevent such crimes. He stressed the importance of vigilance and collective action in combating trafficking, urging students to become informed and proactive citizens.
Mr Virendra Kumar, Senior Labour Inspector, Mangaluru, Mr Srinivas, the Project Director, Mangaluru, Sr Norine Dsouza, The Principal,Sr Janet Sequeira, The Vice Principal and Dr Tressie Menezes, The Convenor were the other dignitaries on the dais.
Mrs Shailaja, Department of Kannada eloquently anchored the session ensuring a seamless flow of the programme. Mrs Chrystle, Department of Statistics extendedawarmwelcometothespeakers, faculty and students.
Dr Tressie Menezes, Convenor delivered the vote of thanks. Leona and group invokedGod’s blessingswiththeirsoulful singing. The session proved to be highly informative equipping students with knowledge and tools to address societal
issues and protect themselves in the digital age.
Bondel Fiesta 2025 –
TheSt. Lawrence Church andShrine is pleased to host Bondel Fiesta 2025, ahighlyanticipatedeventthat promises to be an unforgettable experience for everyone in the family. Prepare yourself for an exciting andlively celebration.
This amazing event, which isset for January 25 and 26, 2025, on the grounds of St. Lawrence Church, is more than just a celebration; it is a
Celebrating Diversity!
fundraiser for the church's ongoing projects.
Enjoytwo amazingdaysthatarefull of fun, a celebration of cultural diversity, and a strong sense of community. Don't miss out this wonderful opportunity to come together, have fun, and support a worthwhile cause!
EventHighlights:
Get ready to indulge in an extraordinary lineup of events and activities:
A variety of veg
and non-veg dishes, refreshing juices, and flavorful mojitos to satisfyyour cravings.
Musical Extravaganza: Live Singing | Song Dedications | Spectacular BailaSession
Get ready to groove and feel the beats! Join us for an electrifying session where DJSuman, DJJeevan, and DJ Chayan will set thestage on firewith their sensational mixes.
HighlightsoftheEvent:
Live Singing: Soulful performances thattouch your heart.
•SongDedications: Dedicate your
favorite tracks to your loved ones.
•BailaSession:Danceyourheartout to thoseirresistible beats!
RequestYourTracks:
Your favorite songs will be played ondemand whether it’sapersonal favorite or a track that gets everyone moving. Just drop your request and watch the magic unfold!
ThrillingCompetitions:
Crawling Baby Competition for the cutestlittle participants.
3-a-Side Mini Football for sports enthusiasts.
Solo Fancy Dress Competition to showcase your unique talent.
Entertainment Galore:
Inter-Parish Variety Entertainment with exciting performances. PetShow for animallovers.
Mind-blogging housie games and TeamGamesto challengeyour wits. Unique game counters for endless fun.
FacePainting andCarnivalItems for thewhole family.
ShoppingandMore: Explore the vibrant Flea Market andenjoy the
MegaAttractions:
3 Mega Housies for unforgettable experiences.
Mega Lucky Draw with exciting prizes. Get readyto turnuptheheatwhere beats collide, and DJs take center stage! Feel the energy as live music electrifies the atmosphere, with your favorite tracks played on demand. Request your songs and let the DJs spin on personal favoritestokeepthepartyalive.This isyour momenttovibe, groove, and make thenight unforgettable!
Date&Venue:
•25th January:2:00PMto10:00PM
•26thJanuary:8:00AMto10:00PM
Location: St. Lawrence Church & Shrine Compound, Bondel
This event is open to all, so gather your family, friends, and neighbors for a day filled with fun, laughter, andunforgettable memories.
For more details, contact 0824 2481974.
Come celebrate with us at the Bondel Fiesta 2025, a gathering of happiness and community! Enjoy countless hours of entertainment and make treasured memories. We look forward to seeing you!
- MeenaSerraoBarboza
St. Aloysius (Deemed to be UNIVERSITY), Mangaluru to
Host a 24-Hour National Level Hackathon
Mangaluru, India - St. Aloysius (Deemed to be University), in collaboration with the School of Information Science and Technology, is excited to announce its upcoming "CodeSprint 2025" - a 24-hour national-level hackathon event. The event will take place on January 10th, 2025, at the Maffei
Block of the University.
Challenge and Inspiration
CodeSprint 2025 aimstoinspire and challenge developers, designers, and tech enthusiasts from across India.Participantswillformteamsto tackle innovative projects, solve
real-world problems, and create cutting-edge technology.
What to Expect
Mentorship: Participants will benefit from mentorship from industry experts.
Networking: Opportunities to connect with fellow tech enthusiasts.
Exciting Prizes: Awards will be given for the top three teams, including cash prizes and potential patent support.
Eligibility and Team Formation
The event is open to all students. Teams must consist of 2 to 4 members from the same college. Teamformation mustbecompleted before the event begins, and changes are not allowed once the hackathon starts.
ST ALOYSIUS
(DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY) MANGALURU 575003-INDIA
Press Release
Members Present for thePress Meet:
• Rev. Dr Praveen Martis, SJ, Vice Chancellor
• Dr Sajimon, Conference Chairperson
• Dr Loveena Lobo, Conference Convenor
• Dr Shalini Aiyappa, Conference Convenor
• Mrs Chandrakala, PRO
Greetings from St Aloysius (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru.
9/1/2025
The School of Arts and Humanities at St. Aloysius (Deemed to be University) is hosting a three-day International Conference on "Sustainable Development Goals: Confluence of Local, National, and Global Actions" from January 15-17, 2025, in L F Rasquinha Hall, LCRI Block of the campus. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, adopted by all United Nations Member States in 2015, is the need of the hour to promote peace and prosperity for people and the planet. This conference is an attempt in this direction and aims to bring together the stakeholders from diverse sectors to discuss strategies, share best practices, and form partnerships to advance the SDGs. Carrying forward the mantle of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which are an urgent call for action by all countriesdeveloped and developing - in a global partnership, we aim to explore how local, national, and global actions can be harmonized for greater impact. The discussions willfocus onintegrating local contextsinto nationalstrategies and aligning themwith global frameworks, enhancing coordination for the implementation of SDGs wholeheartedly.
TheConference ishosted by StAloysius (Deemed To be University), SchoolofArts & Humanities and sponsored by Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR)
New Delhi, supported by our academic Partners from Sophia University, Japan, SUNY, Cortland, USA & Catholica University, Valencia, Spain.
The purpose of the conference is to bring the global community of academicians, researchers, industry experts, NGO’s and those interested in working towards shaping a just and sustainable society on a common platform to collectively deliberate, explore and share the complexities and innovative strategies needed to achieve the SDGs.
The esteemed chief guest for this three-day conference is Mr Vignesh Hebbar, Founder& CEO, ThinkLeap Technology Labs Pvt Ltd. (iLeap). Prof Ketei Matsui, Dept of Global Citizenship Studies, Seisen University, Tokyo, JAPAN, will be delivering thekeynoteaddress. The Technical Session-Iwill becurated by DrShobha Reddy, Environment Specialist & State Leader Karnataka Inclusive Livelihood Program PRADAN, followed by Technical Session II and III by Prof A R Vasavi, Social Anthropologist and Prof Alexandru Balas Clark, Center for Global Engagement SUNY Cortland, USA, respectively. The conference will also host a panel discussion with esteemed panelists Dr Upendra Bhojani Former Director, Institute of PublicHealth, Bengaluru and Dr Jeremy Jimenez Dept of Foundations& Social Advocacy SUNY, Corltand, USA.
As a part of the pre-conference, the Department of Psychology, Department of Political Science, Department of Social Work, and Department of Journalism will be having workshops on Monday, January 13, 2025, on the following topics: Breaking Patterns & Creating Change, Conflict, Reconciliation & Peace Building, Suicide Prevention Gatekeeper Training, and Role of Media in Preserving Local Cultures forsustainability, respectively.
Rev. Dr Praveen Martis, SJ Vice Chancellor
PRERANA 2025: A Milestone Medical
Health Exhibition by Father Muller
Homoeopathic Medical College,
Deralakatte,January10th &11th,2025
Celebrating 40yearsofexcellencein healing, education, and service in the field of Homoeopathy, Father Muller Homoeopathic Medical College & Hospital, Deralakatte, marked its Ruby Jubilee by organizing PRERANA 2025 – A Medical Health Exhibition on
January10th and11th, 2025.
The event was inaugurated by Dr Udaya Kumar, Medical Superintendent, Father Muller Medical College Hospital, Kankanady. The program was presided over by Rev. Fr. Richard AloysiusCoelho, Director, Father
Muller Charitable Institutions (FMCI).
Rev. Fr. Faustine L. Lobo, Designate Director of FMCI and Administrator of Father Muller Homoeopathic Medical College, welcomed the gathering and introduced the dignitaries. He
underscored the institution’s enduring commitment toadvancing healthcare and education in his address. He urged the students to make use of the opportunity learn and gain the knowledge from the exhibition.
In the inaugural speech Dr Udaya Kumar commended the institution for its pivotal role in promoting health and Homoeopathy. He stressed on rise of cardiovascular diseases in youngsters and how to prevent them by correcting the lifestyle andfood habits.
Rev. Fr. Richard A Coelho in his presidential address mentioned that Prerana is to inspire. Students who wish to become doctors, engineers or to excel in any field need to get inspired first. Thats what this exhibition is about. Students were asked to go to each stall and learn from there, think innovatively on what,whyandhowourbody system works.
Distinguished guests on the dais included Rev Fr Nelson D Pais, Administrator, Father Muller Homoeopathic Pharmaceutical Division, Dr E. S. J. Prabhu Kiran, Principal, FMHMC, Dr Vilma M.
Dsouza, Vice Principal, FMHMC, Dr Girish Navada, Medical Superintendent FMHMC&H, Dr Mini I.V., Coordinator, Dr Sebastian P. A., Co-coordinator and Dr Deepa Pais, Convener ofPRERANA 2025.
DrAdlinR.Gonsalves concluded the ceremony with vote of thanks and hosted the event.
The exhibition witnessed overwhelming participation, with over 4,500 students from 34 schools and pre-university colleges across Mangalore attending the event. PRERANA 2025 showcased advancementsinhealthcareandthe vitalroleofHomoeopathy inholistic healing, leaving an indelible mark onattendees.
