U.S. South Pulpwood Supplies and Echoes of the Great Recession BY BROOKS MENDELL AND SHAWN BAKER
Part of understanding the current Figure 1. Age 16-20 Pine Plantation Acres and market situation and then taking a poPlanted Acres 18 Years Earlier sition on how things could turn out in the future depends on evaluating history and how we got here in the first place. Dr. Shawn Baker, Forisk’s vice president of research, recently evaluated the current high pulpwood prices in the U.S. South within the context of forest supplies since the Great Recession 14 years ago. While forest rotations last decades, the effects of that major economic downturn can be seen in the forest and felt in the market to this day. While it may seem arbitrary to reflect on the Great Recession today, we revisit this timeframe because, according to our most recent southern silviculture survey, 14 years is the average age of a first thinning on intensively managed southern pine plantations. This begs the question of how echoes of the Data sources: Forisk; USDA Forest Service FIA; Tree Planter’s Notes; A Statistical History of Tree Planting in the Recession may reverberate today across South 1928 to 2012, G. Hernandez and R Harper, USDA Forest Service. pulpwood markets. Though having ended over a decade ago, the Great RecesReduced sawtimber harvests during and following the Great sion continues to affect the forest industry. Direct impacts on Recession led to fewer replanted acres. Data and analysis from wood demand translated into indirect impacts on timber supply, Forisk and the USDA Forest Service suggest that the acres of pine first through a surplus of sawtimber and now declining pulpwood. plantations available for first thinnings and the associated pulp- Pulpwood harvesting, inventories and planting have evolved during wood supplies could be reduced for a decade or more (Figure 1). this time to help create a current situation that can be seen in prices While measures of forest inventory are backward looking, plant- for pulpwood and residuals. ed acres over the past decade do represent our future pulpwood and, eventually, sawtimber supplies. Overlaying acres planted in the Author: Brooks Mendell & Shawn Baker South on acres of 16- to 20- year-old planted pine reveals that acres Forisk Consulting LLC 770-725-8477 peaked in 2014 and are on track to trend lower through 2028 before bmendell@forisk.com exhibiting a steady recovery. In our research, we often focus on the Great Recession’s slowdown in sawtimber harvest and resulting accumulation of forest supplies in the South to better understand the situation “on the ground.” Meanwhile, timberland investors care about the associated years of flat sawtimber prices over the past decade, despite the surge in southern lumber production.
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