Shilpa O Shilpi by Bengal Foundation

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Ag„Zv †kiwMj 1930

Ag„Zvi Rb¥K_v g¨vwi Avb‡Zvwq‡bZ †g‡q Ag„Zvi R‡b¥i K_v wj‡L‡Qb : `vwbqye b`xi Zx‡i nv‡½wii ivRavbx ey`v‡c‡÷ Pvik eQ‡ii cyi‡bv †gvnbxq I g‡bvig kni ey`vi AuvKveuvKv ewY©j iv¯—v¸‡jv nuvUz ch©š— ei‡d XvKv c‡o Av‡Q| 30 Rvbyqvwi 1913 kx‡Zi D¾¡j †iveev‡ii GK ZzlviSiv mKvj| RgvUeuvav `vwbqye †_‡K I‡V Avmv AuvK‡o aiv kxZj evZvm Zx¶è wkm evwR‡q e‡q Pj‡Q, mv`v is a‡i‡Q ZzlviXvKv Rvbvjv, dzj wKsev myPv‡jv ZviKvi RwUj Qwe †KD †hb Rv`yKix nv‡Z Rvbvjvi Kv‡Pi Ici Gu‡K †i‡L †M‡Q| Rvbvjvi †fZi †_‡K ZvKv‡j †`Lv hvq, evB‡i D¾¡j †PvL-Sjmv‡bv mv`v eidXvKv ey`vi cvnvo †hb GK cwii ivR¨| GgbB GKw`‡b Ag„Zv GB c„w _ex‡Z †b‡g G‡jv| Avwg Avgv‡`i cvwievwiK ey‡ov Wv³v‡ii `qv`ª© wew¯§Z KÉ ïb‡Z cvB Ñ ÔGUv GKUv †g‡qwkï! `vi“Y wgwó| Ck¦i Zvi †ndvRZ Ki“b|Õ K‡qK wgwbU ciB bvm© big ZzjZz‡j †j‡c XvKv GKwU †QvU cyuUzwj G‡b Avgv‡K w`‡jv... GB my›`i `„k¨wU †`‡L Avgvi Aš—i ¯úw›`Z n‡jv, GKUv gvs‡mi `jv †hb Avgvi Mjv i“× K‡i w`‡jv, Avgvi †Vuv‡Ui Kv‡Q

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K‡bi mvR 1937

wZb evwjKv 1933

cvnvwo igYx 1935

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Ag„Zvi evev-gv evev I gv‡K wb‡q Ag„Zv wjL‡Qb : Avgvi evev mi`vi IgivI wms †kiwMj cvÄv‡ei GKwU m¤£vš— cwievi †_‡K D‡V G‡m‡Qb| cwieviwU c‡i BDwc‡Z emwZ ¯’vcb K‡i| evev‡K cwiwPZ Kwi‡q †èvi cÖ‡qvRb Av‡Q e‡j Avwg g‡b Kwi bv, hwÌ wKQyUv AmvgvwRK cÖK…wZi gvbyl| wZwb `vk©wbK wn‡m‡e, Zzjbvg~jK ag©Z‡Ë¡i wk¶v_x© wn‡m‡e, mvgvwRK gyw³i, we‡kl K‡i bvixgyw³i AMÖ`~Z wn‡m‡e h‡_ó cwiwPZ wQ‡jb| wZwb AZ¨š— wkígbv GK nv‡½wiqvb bvix Ñ Avgvi gv‡K we‡q K‡iwQ‡jb| Avgvi †h mvdj¨ Zvi Rb¨ FYx Avgvi gvÕi Kv‡Q Ñ ˆkke †_‡KB wZwb Avgv‡K Drmvn w`‡q G‡m‡Qb, Avgvi wkí-weKv‡ki msMÖv‡g mvnv‡hï nvZ

†hŠbm¤úK© ¯’vc‡bi †hme Amyweavi K_v Zzwg e‡jQ, Avwg Zvi m‡½ m¤ú~Y© GKgZ Avi Avgvi †h †hŠb Pvwn`v †Kv‡bvfv‡e kvixwiK cÖwµqvq Zv †gUv‡bv ìKvi| KviY Avwg wek¦vm Kwi, GKR‡bi †hŠbevmbv‡K cy‡ivcywi wk‡í iƒcvš—i Kiv m¤¢e bq; mvivRxeb GB wkí‡K Av`k© †g‡b †hŠbcÖkvwš— jv‡fi wPš—v †h †Kej Pcj gw¯—‡®‹i wb‡e©va Kzms¯‹vi, Zv Avwg Rvwb| Kv‡RB Avwg †f‡ewQ, my‡hvM G‡j †Kv‡bv bvixi m‡½ Avwg †miKg m¤úK© M‡o Zzje| †Lvjv‡gjvfv‡e ej‡Z †M‡j gvb‡ZB n‡e, AvwgI †f‡ewQjvg g¨vwi jyB GKB ai‡bi A¯^vfvweK Kvgbvi GKRb bvix| Avm‡j g¨vwi jyB GKRb ¯^vfvweK bvix, Zvi PgrKvi AvKl©Yxq I AvMÖ‡nvÏxcK A¯^vfvweK QjvKjv †`LvB h‡_ó| wKš‘ †Kv‡bvfv‡eB †m †jmweqvb bq| †m A™¢Z y ai‡bi GKRb gvbyl| Zvi †hŠbRxeb †Kgb †m aviYv Avgvi G‡Kev‡iB †bB| G welqwU memgqB †m Gwo‡q P‡j‡Q wKsev Avgvi cÖkœ D‡c¶v K‡i‡Q| ms‡¶‡c ej‡Z †M‡j Avgv‡ì g‡a¨ KL‡bv †Kv‡bv ai‡bi †hŠbm¤úK© ¯’vwcZ nqwb Avi G‡Z Avwg GKmgq GB Dcmsnvi Uvwb †h, Zvi †Kv‡bv ai‡bi †hŠbRxeb †bB| Z‡e Avwg g‡b Kwi, Zvi g‡a¨ GK ai‡bi ZvwË¡K evwZKMÖ¯—Zv Ges cÖ`k©bwcÖqZv KvR KiZ Avi GUv ZzwgI †`‡LQ Rbmg‡¶ †m Avgvi nvZ a‡i ivLZ, A™¢yZ `„wó‡Z Avgvi w`‡K ZvKvZ, cuvP wgwbU cici Avgv‡K g‡b Kwi‡q w`Z Avwg KZ my›ì Ges Zvi Ici Avgvi Kx cÖfve| wKš‘ hLb Avgiv †Kej `yRb Avi †KD †bB, †m `ª“Z wb‡R‡K e`‡j †djZ Ñ †hb †m wfbœ GK gvbyl| †Zvgv‡K Avgvi GUzKBz ejvi wQj| DU 1940

evwo‡q‡Qb| Avgvi †QvU †evb I Avgvi Rb¥ nv‡½wii ey`v‡c‡÷; (cÖ_g) gnvhy× †kl bv nIqv ch©š— Avgiv †mLv‡b _vK‡Z eva¨ nB| Ag„Zv wK †jmweqvb? c¨vwim Rxe‡b GKwU ÷zwWI A¨vcvU©‡g‡›U Ag„Zv cÖxZg I g¨vwi jyB k¨v‡m‡b fvMvfvwM K‡i _vK‡Zb| `yR‡bi g‡a¨ †jmweqvb †hŠbm¤ú‡K©i †ek iUbv nq| Zvi gv wPwš—Z n‡q c‡ob| wKš‘ gv‡K †jLv GKwU wPwV‡Z (†deª“qvwi, 1934) wZwb G m¤ú‡K©i K_v A¯^xKvi K‡ib : g¨vwi jyBi m‡½ Avgvi KL‡bv wKQy N‡Uwb| fwel¨‡ZI wKQy NUvi m¤¢vebv †bB| Zzwg Avgv‡K wek¦vm Ki‡Z cvi| Avwg Rvwb, Zzwg KZUv e¯‘wbô Ges eyw×gZx, †Zvgv‡K ZvB †Lvjv‡gjvfv‡e ejwQ| Avgv‡K GUv ¯^xKvi Ki‡ZB n‡e †h, cyi“l gvby‡li m‡½

†f‡O hvIqv evM`vb †jmweqvb m¤ú‡K©i w`‡K Ag„Zvi GB Szu‡K covi `vq A‡bKUvB Zuvi gv‡qi| wZwb hy³cÖ‡`‡ki ivRv beve Avjxi cyÎ c¨vwimevmx my`k©b BDmyd Avjx Lvb‡K evowZ cÖkqÖ w`‡q Ag„Zvi KvQvKvwQ wb‡q G‡m‡Qb| Ag„Zv Zuv‡K we‡q Ki‡Z m¤§Z nb Ges evM`vbI m¤úbœ nq| wKš‘ m¤ú~Y© wfbœ i“wPi `ywU gvby‡li ˆbKU¨ eis †ewk ¶wZi KviY n‡q ùvovq| Ag„Zv †Quvqv‡P †hŠb‡iv‡M Avµvš— nb Ges gvgv‡Zv fvB wf±i GMv‡bi kiYvcbœ n‡q †ivMgyw³i Ilya MÖnY Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| mgqUv wQj cÖej gvbwmK hš¿Yvi Ñ wZwb †QvU †evb Bw›ìv‡K wj‡L‡Qb, Ôgv GLb Avgv‡K ewji cuvVv evbv‡Z Pvb|Õ GKch©v‡q wb‡Ri Rxeb I we‡qi `vwqZ¡ wbR nv‡Z wb‡q †bb| gv‡K †j‡Lb : BDmyd‡K †Kv‡bvfv‡eB wek¦vm Kiv hvq bv| †Kej wf±‡ii †evb evev‡KB †h †cÖg wb‡e`b K‡i †eov‡”Q, Zv-B bq, iv¯—vq my`k©b hZ †g‡q mvg‡b c‡o Zvi †PvL Zv‡ì mKj‡K AbymiY K‡i †eovq| ZvQvov gymjgvwb avivi we‡q‡Z mZK© nIqvi cÖ‡qvRbI i‡q‡Q| ... aiv hvK, BDmyd eû bvix‡Z Avm³ Ges ¯¿xi cÖwZ wek¦¯— _vK‡Z Amg_©; †m hw` Avevi we‡q Ki‡Z Pvq, Avwg wKQyB Ki‡Z cvie bv, KviY AvBb Avgv‡K i¶v Ki‡e bv| ... Avwg Zv‡K we‡q Ki‡Z hvw”Q bv wK †m wm×vš— AvwgB wb‡Z hvw”Q| A‡±ve‡ii g‡a¨ P~ovš— nuv wKsev bv AvwgB Rvwb‡q †è| (25 AvM÷ 1931, gv‡K †jLv Ag„Zvi wPwV †_‡K|) c¨vwi‡mi ¯‹z‡j c¨vwi‡m Qwei ¯‹z‡j Ag„Zvi K¬vm‡gU ewim Zvmwjrw¯‹ wb‡RI cieZx©Kv‡j weL¨vZ wkíx wn‡m‡e cÖwZwôZ| `yR‡bi Nwbô

m¤úK© wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kg nqwb| Ag„Zvi weL¨vZ Qwe ÔBqsg¨vb DB_ A¨vcj‡mÕi (1932) hyeKwU ewimB, Ab¨ †KD bb| n¨vÛmvg hyeK ewim Mv‡q mv`v kvU©, nv‡Z wZbwU jvj Av‡cj, 1930-Gi `k‡K c¨vwi‡mi cÖ`k©bx‡Z Ab¨Zg AvKl©‡Y cwiYZ nq| ewim Ag„Zv‡K fv‡jvevmvi K_v AKc‡U Rvwb‡q †M‡Qb : Zvi m‡½ Avgvi †`Lv 1930-G, Avwg ey¨ AvU©‡mi wk¶v_x©| hLb Ag„Zv XyKj Pviw`‡K AwZKvq bxieZv, KviY Zvi Dcw¯’wZB wekvj| Avgvi eqm ZLb Dwbk Avi Ag„Zvi m¤¢eZ m‡Z‡iv| GZ Kg eq‡m †m GZ fv‡jv Qwe AuvK‡Q †h, Avgv‡K wew¯§Z n‡Z nq| Avwg Zvi †cÖ‡g c‡o hvB| GUvB GKgvÎ wkí wk¶vjq, †hLvb †Q‡j‡g‡q cvkvcvwk em‡Z cv‡i, Ab¨ wZbwU‡Z emvi eë¯’v Avjv`v| wKQyKvj ci Avwg GLvb †_‡K P‡j hvB b`x †cwi‡q jy¨‡f| GB mg‡q Ag„Zv Avgvi wZbwU †cv‡Uª©U K‡i‡Q, Avi Avgvi gv‡qi GKwU| Avgv‡K †cv‡Uª©U¸‡jv wewµ K‡i †dj‡Z nq| AvwgI Ag„Zvi `y-wZbwU †cv‡Uª©U Kwi| Ag„Zv Avgv‡ì evwo‡Z AvmZ| hLb QywU KvUv‡Z †hZ, Zvi †dv‡bvMÖvg Avi †iKW©¸‡jv Avgvi Kv‡Q †i‡L †hZ| Zvi gv wQj msMxZwkíx Ges Av‡av-nv‡½wiqvb| Zv‡ì evwo‡Z cÖvqB Mv‡bi Avmi emZ| Avwg Lye Mwie wQjvg Avi †m Kvi‡YB (Zvi gv) GKevi Avgv‡K mZK© K‡i w`‡qwQj, I‡K ¯úk© Ki‡e bv| ewim e‡j‡Qb, Ag„Zv gvby‡li RxebvPiY wb‡q AZ¨š— AvMÖnx wQj| wPÎKjv I msMx‡Zi m‡½ Zvi Av‡eMgq m¤ú„³Zv| Zvi gv A‡bKUv Abjelx© e¨w³Z¡, evev‡K K`vwPr †`Lv †M‡Q Avi †evbwUi g‡a¨ eÇ jy‡KvPzwi| ÔAvwg Zvi †cÖ‡g Wy‡ewQjvg, wKQyUv mgq Zvi KvQ †_‡K GKB iKg mvov †c‡qwQ, Zvici GKw`b Avgv‡K ejj nv‡½wi‡Z Zvi GK KvwR‡bi m‡½ Zvi †cÖ‡gi m¤úK© i‡q‡Q| Zv‡K †m we‡q Ki‡e| Zvi bvg fv‡qvjv|Õ c¨vwi‡m Ag„Zvi †kl eQi 1934 `yR‡bi g‡a¨ gv‡Sg‡a¨ †`Lv n‡q †hZ| wbiv‡eM Awfev`‡b ci¯úi‡K ¯^vMZ Rvbv‡Zb| Z‡Zvw`‡b ewimI ivRbxwZi m‡½ Mfxifv‡e Rwo‡q c‡o‡Qb| wØZxq gnvhy× PjvKv‡j KwgDwb÷ wkíx ewim †MÖdZvi nb| bvrwm ev‡LbIqvÛ ew›`wkwe‡i AvU‡K ivLv nq| GLv‡bB Zuvi gv‡K nZ¨v Kiv nq| 1946 mv‡j gy³ ewim cve‡jv wcKv‡mv I Ab¨vb¨ wkíxi m‡½ ÔcÖwZev‡ì Rb¨ wkíÕ kxl©K cÖ`k©bx K‡ib| wZwb ivR‰bwZKfv‡e ¸i“Z¡cY~ © e¨w³Z¡ n‡q I‡Vb| ewi‡mi eqm hLb beŸB eQi, Ag„Zvi Rxebx-MÖšK ’ vi h‡kvaviv Wvjwgqv Zuvi m‡½ c¨vwi‡mi ÷zwWI‡Z †`Lv K‡ib| wZwb †jLK‡K e‡jb : GKmgq Avgv‡ì †`Lv n‡j Ô¸W gwb©sÕ wKsev Ô¸W BfwbsÕ wewbgq K‡iwQ, wKš‘ †mB DòZv Avi wQj bv| c¨vwim †Q‡o hvevi ci Zvi m‡½ Avgvi Avi †`Lv nqwb| 1984 mv‡j †dw÷f¨vj Ae BwÛqv Bb c¨vwi‡mÕ eo GK wPÎcÖ`k©bx‡Z K¨vUvj‡Mi cÖ”Q‡` Ag„Zvi Qwe †`‡L Avwg cyi‡bv †mB w`b¸‡jv‡Z wd‡i hvB| Zvi Qwei †hme wi‡cÖvWvKkb †`Ljvg Zv †m mgqKvi Qwei †P‡q A‡bK †ewk e`‡j †M‡Q| †m¸‡jv wQj mij, Zv‡Z _vKZ mvgvwRK †KŠZ‚n‡ji cÖKvk| c¨vwi‡m _vKvKvjxb Ag„Zv

c¨vwi‡m Ag„Zv

mvaviYZ by¨W Ges †cv‡Uª©UB AuvKZ Avi Zvi meB c¨vwi‡mi cÖfv‡e| wKš‘ c‡ii †hme Qwe †`Ljvg Zv wfbœ cÖfv‡ei, Zv‡Z gvby‡li Rxeb wea„Z| fvi‡Zi Uv‡b Ag„Zv fvi‡Z wdi‡Z PvB‡jb| wb‡Ri wkí‡ev‡ai Afy¨`q wb‡q wZwb wjL‡jb, Ô1933-Gi †klw`K †_‡K fvi‡Z wd‡i hvevi Zxeª B‡”Q Avgv‡K Zvwo‡q †eov‡Z ïi“ Kij, AeY©bxq GK Abyf‚wZ Avgv‡K Rvwb‡q w`j wPÎwkíx wn‡m‡e Avgvi wbqwZ fvi‡ZB wbw`©ó| ... Avgvi AuvKv Qwe‡Z i‡Oi Hk¦h©cY~ © e¨envi †`‡L Avgvi Aa¨vcK cÖvqB ej‡Zb, cwð‡gi gwjb ÷zwWI‡Z Avgvi †h avZ Zvi weKvk NU‡Q bv, cÖv‡P¨i is I Av‡jvi mwZ¨Kvi cwi‡e‡k Avgvi ˆkwíK e¨w³‡Z¡i weKvk NU‡e|Õ fvi‡Zi Rb¨ cÖej AvKzwZ m‡Ë¡I wZwb ¯^xKvi K‡i‡Qb, c¨vwimB Zuv‡K bZzb K‡i wk‡íi `x¶v w`‡q‡Q| wZwb wj‡L‡Qb, ÔAvaywbK wPÎKjvB Avgv‡K fviZxq †cBw›Us

eªþPvix 1937

I fv¯‹h© Abyaveb I g~j¨vq‡b mg_© K‡i Zz‡j‡Q| GUv Avgvi g‡b n‡ZB cv‡i, wKš‘ GZUv c_ †cwi‡q BD‡ivc bv G‡j Avwg KL‡bv AbyavebB Ki‡Z cviZvg bv †h ARš—v ¸nvi †`qvjwPÎ Avi wM‡g Rv`yN‡ii †QvU fv¯‹h© †h †MvUv †i‡bmuvi †P‡qI †ewk ¸i“Z¡c~Y©|Õ VvKz‡ii WªBs Ag„Zvi c¨vwimevm Zuv‡K †cBw›Us‡qi cvkvcvwk †d«m‡Kv †UKwbK, fv¯‹h© Ges Kcvi Gb‡MÖwfsI wkwL‡q‡Q| evwl©K †cv‡U©ªU I w÷j jvBd cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq wZwb Uvbv wZb eQi cyi¯‹…Z n‡q‡Qb| IgivI wms †g‡qi K_v wjL‡Qb : m¨v‡jvb AvU©m ÷z‡W›Um mv‡K©j Ae I‡g‡bi cÖ`k©bx‡Z Ag„Zvi Qwe †`L‡Z Avgiv w_‡qUvi wcMv‡j‡Z †Mjvg| †mLv‡b wM‡q †`wL, GKB fe‡b cv‡ki GKwU K‡¶ iex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii AvaywbK auv‡Pi WªBs cÖ`k©bx Pj‡Q| Avgiv Zv †`L‡Z †Mjvg| AvaywbK wkíxiv †h A™¢yZ weK…Z ˆkjx e¨envi K‡i Auv‡Kb, hvi bwRi Avgiv cv‡ki K¶¸‡jv‡Z †`‡LwQ, iex›`ªbv‡_i QweI †miKgB| Avi VvKz‡ii KvR wb‡q Ag„Zv gš—e¨ Kij, ÔZuvi WªBs¸‡jv Avgvi Kv‡Q Zuvi KweZvi †P‡qI †ewk cQ‡›`i|Õ

†cÖwgK I ¯^vgx wf±i wf±i GMvb‡K †jLv wPwV †_‡K : Ag„Zv ZLb c¨vwi‡m, wf±i nv‡½wi‡Z| wf±i‡K 1938 mv‡j we‡q K‡ib| wf±i‡K †jLv wPwV¸‡jv‡Z wk‡íi Rb¨ Zuvi msMÖvg, wb‡Ri m‡½ Ø›Ø, wf±‡ii Rb¨ fv‡jvevmv, wb‡Ri e¨w³‡Z¡i msKUmn Ae¨³ GK Ag„Zv cÖxZg D‡V G‡m‡Qb| wZwb wj‡L‡Qb : KL‡bv KL‡bv Ggb nq Avwg Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ Xy‡K cwo| ZLb w`bivZ Aweivg KvR K‡i hvB| wKsev Avwg Ab¨ gvbyl‡K Rq Ki‡Z cvwi wKš‘ wb‡R‡K Rq Ki‡Z cvwi bv Ñ G GK we`Ny‡U Ae¯’v| †MŠie wKsev m¤¢eZ Avgvi AnsKvi‡K Avwg civ¯— Ki‡Z cvwi bv| Avgvi `yej© Zv ¯^xKvi K‡i mvnvh¨ PvIqvi e`‡j Avwg eis aŸsm n‡q hve| K‡qKwU wPwVi bgybv gvP© 1931 Zzwg GKRb mr gvbyl Ges web‡qi †Kv‡bv fwYZv bv K‡i Avwg ejwQ, Avwg †Zvgvi †hvM¨ bB| Avwg wkíx wn‡m‡e †hvM¨ GUv cÖgvY Kivi g‡Zv Avgvi A‡bK my‡hvM wQj| wKš‘ gvbyl

wn‡m‡e wb‡R‡K A‡hvM¨ g‡b nq| Avgvi A‡bK Î“wU-wePz¨wZ, wKsev Avwg nq‡Zv GZUzKzB Rvwb †h, Avgvi Pwi‡Îi A‡bK `ye©j w`K i‡q‡Q| GKwU D‡jL‡hvM¨ welq Ñ Avgvi †h `ye©jZv Av‡Q, †m m¤ú‡K© Avwg m‡PZb| 1931 (gvm D‡jL †bB) evev I gv Avgvi m¤ú‡K© †hme K_v e‡j _v‡Kb ZviciI †KD Avgv‡K GZUv fv‡jvev‡m †h Avgv‡K wew¯§Z n‡Z nq| gv‡S gv‡S Avwg wb‡R‡K Lye RNb¨ fve‡Z ïi“ Kwi Ñ m¤¢eZ ZuvivB wVK Avi Avwg m¤ú~Y© wew”Qbœ GKRb gvbyl| Avwg AevK nB Ges wek¦vm Ki‡Z cvwi bv †h, †KD Avgv‡K G‡ZvUv fv‡jvev‡m| KL‡bv KL‡bv g‡b nq Zuviv hv ej‡Qb Zv mwZ¨, eKvSKv Avgvi cÖvc¨ Ges Avgvi m¤ú‡K© Zuv‡ì fwel¨ØvYx dj‡Z hv‡”Q (e¨vcviUv KZ fqven †f‡e †`‡Lv!)| we‡ØlcivqY A½ywj DuwP‡q Avgv‡K †`wL‡q ej‡e, ÔAvgiv ewjwb N„Y¨ Pwi‡Îi Rb¨ Ag„Zvi we‡qUv ïi“‡ZB †f‡O hv‡e?Õ Avgvi mKj cÖ‡Póvi ciI Avgv‡K wb‡q †hme K_vevZ©v Zvi wei“‡× jovB K‡i Avwg cÖgvY Ki‡Z mg_© bvI n‡Z cvwi †h, Avwg †bvsiv, D×Z, AK…ZÁ gvbyl bB| Avwg B›`y (†evb Bw›ìv) I Zvi eÜz‡K AuvKwQ, Ab¨ cÖv‡š— GKRb g‡Wj‡K AuvKwQ Ñ †m GKUv wKQy cwi®‹vi Ki‡Q| wPwVi m‡½ Gi GKwU Qwe cvwV‡q w`w”Q| †`L‡ZB cv”Q, Qwei †g‡qwU welYœ| Avgvi Qwe‡Z GB welYœZv‡K Zz‡j aiwQ| g‡W‡ji kix‡ii mv`v is Ñ Zvi wecix‡Z Zvi“Y¨, kw³, ev`vwg Pzj, jvj Mvj, jvj †cvkvK| GB eo w_‡gi wPš—vwU Avgv‡K DÏxwcZ Ki‡Q| ... Avwg Avgvi †mŠ›`h©‡K Dc‡fvM Kie, KviY †mŠ›`h© eo msw¶ß mg‡qi Rb¨ Avgv‡K †Ìqv n‡q‡Q; †mŠ›`h© eo ¯^íRxex GKwU welq| hvK‡M, Ck¦i‡K A‡bK abëv` Ñ wZwb Avgv‡K †mŠ›`h© Qvov Av‡iv wKQy w`‡q‡Qb|

Qv‡` e‡m bvix 1935

Rvbyqvwi 1932 †h c_ Avgv‡K Avgvi j‡¶ï w`‡K wb‡q hv‡e Avwg †m c‡_B GwM‡q hve Ñ Zv n‡”Q †cBw›Us, hv Avgvi mËv‡K fwi‡q †`q| Av‡iv A‡bK wbðqZvi m‡½ Avwg Avgvi WvK ïb‡Z cvB Ñ m¤¢eZ Avgvi GKgvÎ WvK| AcÖwZ‡iva¨ kw³ w`‡q Avwg Abyfe Kwi, we‡q Avgvi Rb¨ bq, Avwg Rb¥MÖnY K‡iwQ wk‡íi Rb¨| MZKvj w¯’i-Rxeb cÖwZ‡hvwMZv AbywôZ n‡q‡Q, Avwg wØZxq cyi¯‹vi †c‡qwQ| †g 1933 Avwg m¨v‡jv‡bi G·Uªv-AwW©bvwi m`m¨ wbe©vwPZ n‡qwQ| Aek¨ Zv‡ì †h Avwg Lye eo g‡b Kwi Zv bq, Zviv †ek D×Z Ñ Z‡e Gi mywe‡a n‡jv Rywi‡ì wePvi cÖwµqvi ga¨ w`‡q bv wM‡q Avg„Zz¨ cÖwZeQi Avgvi `y‡Uv K‡i Qwe cÖ`k©‡bi my‡hvM cve| Avwg Zv‡ZB Lywk Ñ Avwg Dchy³ g‡b Kwi Ggb QweB †e‡Q wb‡Z cvie, m¨v‡jv‡bi Aby‡gv`b Abyhvqx bq| Avwg AvMvgx eQ‡ii Rb¨ `y‡Uv eo K‡¤úvwRk‡bi cwiKíbv K‡iwQ Ñ G‡Z A‡bK gvbyl _vK‡e, Avi Qwe¸‡jv n‡e GKwU wkíkvjv wb‡q| GK †Kv‡Y _vK‡e GK`j gvbyl Avi _vKe Avwg QÙ‡ek wb‡q Ñ Ab¨ GKRb e¨w³ wn‡m‡e|

AvM÷ 1933 ... Avwg wbwðZ, Avwg Av‡Mi †P‡q fv‡jv Qwe AuvKwQ| Avgvi wb‡Ri m¤ú‡K© Ges KvR m¤ú‡K© Avwg Av‡Mi †P‡q wbwðZ †h Avgvi KvR Avi Avgvi g‡bi Ae¯’vi Ici wbf©ikxj bq| wKš‘ GKUv cÖkœ Avgv‡K cvMj K‡i †Zv‡j : kvš— †_‡K wK mwZ¨Kv‡ii wkí m„wó Kiv hvq? ... 10 A‡±vei 1933 Zzwg wj‡LQ, Zzwg P¶z mvR©b n‡Z hv”Q bv| wVKB K‡iQ| †Zvgvi hv Ki‡Z B‡”Q K‡i memgq †Kej Zv-B Ki‡e| AvwgI Avkv Kie, Avgvi †hb memgq †mB kw³ _v‡K, hv Avgv‡K

wKQy Avgv‡K k¦vmi“× K‡i PjwQj, Avwg mvb‡›` KvR Ki‡Z cvwiwb| †f‡iv‡m (nv‡½wi) KvUv‡bv `y-wZb gvm mgq Qvov a~mi †auvqv I Mfxi a~mi ¯’vcbv I cwi‡ek Avgv‡K A‡bK fywM‡q‡Q| †mLvb †_‡K gy³ n‡q Avwg GLb ewY©j †cvkv‡Ki Ici `„wó w`‡Z cviwQ, we‡kl K‡i Avgvi `„wómxgvq †cBw›Usm Avi †cB›Uvi †bB| Avwg GLb wbtk¦vm wb‡Z cvwi, Avwg Pj‡Z cvwi, Avwg AuvK‡Z cvwi|

hyeZx 1932

w`‡q B‡”Qi m‡½ msMwZ †i‡L KvR Kwi‡q †b‡e| Zzwg hw` B‡”Qi evB‡i Ab¨ wKQy K‡iv Zzwg memgqB DwØMœ n‡q _vK‡e, wb‡R‡K wb‡q †Zvgvi AZ…wß †_‡K hv‡e| mvivRxeb †Zvgv‡K wb‡Ri Kv‡Q mr n‡Z n‡e| G‡Z mdj bv n‡j e¨vcviUv fqvbK n‡q DV‡e| mvd‡jï Rb¨ cQ›Ùv †Zvgv‡KB Ki‡Z n‡e| bZzev †µv‡ai Abyfw‚ Z †Zvgv‡K †c‡q em‡e, Amnvq †µva Ñ A‡bïv †Zvgv‡K hv Ki‡Z ej‡Q, Zzwg Zv-B K‡i hv”Q| wmgjv, †deª“qvwi 1935 Avwg myLx, KviY Avwg A‡bK¸‡jv KvR K‡iwQ| GLv‡b wd‡i Avmvi ci Avgvi A‡bKUv DbœwZ n‡q‡Q| Avwg wfbœfv‡e wfbœ ˆkjx‡Z ¯^vfvweKfv‡e Gu‡K †h‡Z cvwi| mewKQy Lye mnRfv‡e Av‡m| c¨vwi‡m i‡q †M‡j Avwg GUv AR©b Ki‡Z cviZvg bv Ñ ˆkjxi Rb¨ †mLv‡b Avwg †h KmiZ KiwQjvg Zv ¯^vfvweK wQj bv Avi †Rvi K‡i Zv Pvcv‡bvUv‡K Avwg N„Yv K‡iwQ| wKš‘ GKUv

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†gkvb Ges Zv‡Z bZzb K‡i Kvwnwb wbg©vY K‡ib| wffv‡bi Av‡Mi Kiv wPÎKjvwUB †hb d‡UvMÖvwdK gš—v‡R KZ wfbœ iƒc wb‡q wbj| Zey mvaviYfv‡e IgivI wms‡qi Qwe¸‡jv wQj cvwievwiK d‡UvMÖvd, AmsL¨ Qwe, hvi †fZi cÖwZfvgqx Kb¨v Ag„Zv †kiwM‡ji I wb‡Ri Iwi‡q›Uvj Dcw¯’ wZ‡Z AvZ¥cÖwZK…wZ¸‡jv wWwRUvj Dcv‡q n‡q I‡V inm¨gq, we‡qvMvš— bvUK, K¨vbvB‡Wv‡¯‹vwcK cybwb©g©vY, wcZv I Kb¨vi m¤úK©, Zuv‡ì †hŠbZv I Zuv‡ì m„wókxjZv I Dcw¯’wZ wN‡i Av‡iv KZ bvUK nq, hv Abyf~wZ I ZxeªZvq Abb¨ n‡q I‡V Avš—b †PK‡fi bvU‡Ki g‡ZvB| mv`v-Kv‡jvi ZxeªZv GB wWwRUvj d‡Uv gš—vR¸‡jv‡K Ggb GK iƒcKí w`‡q‡Q, hv GKB m‡½ AwfRvZ I bk¦i| KL‡bv g‡b nq, †Kv‡bv `~i AZx‡Zi Puv`bx iv‡Z bvix-cyi“‡li GB bvUK¸‡jv n‡q P‡j‡Q| D¾¡jZv I g„Zzï †fZi Aw¯—‡Z¡i KZ †h Uvbvc‡ob, GKiƒcZv †mLv‡b µgvMZ wgwj‡q hvq Ges ZvB bvbv Abyf‡e, cwiPqwP‡ý dz‡U I‡V| IgivI wms †kiwM‡ji cyi‡bv d‡UvMÖvd‡K GB †h bZzbfv‡e AwaKvi Kiv Ges bZzb wkíxi mv‡c‡¶ mvwR‡q †Zvjv Zv‡K Avgiv DËivaywbK Dcvq e‡jI fve‡Z cvwi| d‡j wffvb my›ìg& Qwe AuvKvi w`K †_‡K wkíx †hv‡Mb †PŠayix, ¸jvg †kL cÖg‡y Li mgmvgwqK n‡qI cieZx©Kv‡j bvbv gva¨‡g AK¬vš— cÖqv‡mi Rb¨ DËivaywbK cÖe³vI n‡q I‡Vb| wffvb fviZxq wk‡í be¨cš’x Av‡›`vj‡bi cy‡ivav wbtm‡›`‡n| wffvb Ggb d‡UvMÖvd‡K wWwRUvjfv‡e wgwj‡q w`‡”Qb, hv wfbœ wfbœ mg‡q, wfbœ wfbœ Abyf‡e †Zvjv| G‡Z HwZnvwmK †h

mgqKvj Zv‡K A¯^xKvi Kiv n‡”Q, wKš‘ Zv AvR‡Ki GKRb wkíxi wµqvq Kvwe¨K wbg©vY n‡q ùvovq| AZx‡Zi mgqKvj I `„k¨Kí wg‡j †h †Lqvj i‡mi iPbv, Zv Abyfe K‡i Avgv‡ì D”Q¡wmZ n‡ZB nq| GBfv‡e AvaywbK Ag„Zv †kiwMj‡KI DËivaywbK Ae¯’v‡b G‡b †d‡jb wWwRUvj d‡Uv gš—v‡Ri mvnv‡h¨ wffvb my›ìg&| GB d‡Uv gš—vR¸‡jvi Av‡iKwU êwkó¨ n‡jv, cwðwg ms¯‹…wZi m‡½ cÖvP¨‡`kxq ms¯‹…wZi †hvMv‡hvM wbg©vY Kiv| cÖvqB Ag„Zv I Zuvi †evb Bw›ìv KL‡bv cwð‡gi, KL‡bv cÖv‡Pï †cvkv‡K Dcw¯’Z nq| eis IgivI wms Zuvi j¤^v `vwo‡Z, cvMwo‡Z Ges †KŠcx‡b cÖvP¨ Dcw¯’wZ n‡q I‡Vb Ges Ag„Zv‡ì nv‡½wiqvb gv †KejB cwðwg †_‡K hvb MvD‡b, wcqv‡bv evRv‡bvq| wffv‡bi GB d‡Uv gš— vR¸‡jv‡Z wdMvi¸‡jvi Dcw¯’wZ, Ae¯’vbI bvbv Bkvivq wPwýZ| GB d‡Uv gš—vR¸‡jvi ci wffvb my›ìg& Av‡iKwU D‡jL‡hvM¨ KvR K‡i‡Qb wkíx Ag„Zv †kiwMj‡K wb‡q| Zv n‡jv, Ag„Zv †kiwM‡ji wPwV I †jLv `yB L‡Êi eB‡Z cÖKvk Kiv| wbtm‡›`‡n ejv hvq, Ggb D”Pgv‡bi m¤úv`bv I cÖKvkbv fviZxq eB‡qi †¶‡Î weij| wPwV¸‡jvi †fZi w`‡q †h Ag„Zv D‡V Av‡m, Zvi mvs¯‹…wZK gvb, i“wP‡eva, A½xKvi Ges AmnvqZvI GZ Zxeª I D”Pgv‡bi †h Avðh© n‡q †h‡Z nq| mvayev` w`‡ZB nq wffvb my›ìg&‡K GZ my›ìfv‡e eBUv m¤úv`bv Kivi Rb¨| eBUvi bvg n‡jv Amrita Sher-gil a self-Portrait in letters and writing| eBUv ZzwjKv cÖKvkb w`wj †_‡K 2010 mv‡j cÖKvwkZ nq| 

euv †_‡K Ñ gvwi Auv‡ZvB‡bZ, cÖKvkg& Ag„Zv, wms gvwRw_qv, IgivI wms, †hvwM›`i wms I Ab¨vb¨, wmgjv, 1935

`y¨wZgq D™¢vm Ges g„Zz¨ wf fv b my ›` i g&  Abyev` : Kv ‡e ix e my

Z¥gMœv K‡qKRb Zi“Yx| mK‡ji `„wó `c©‡Y| †K‡›`ª GK BD‡ivcxq bvix Ñ gvwi Auv‡ZvB‡bZ| ci‡b RgKv‡jv cÖvP¨-†cvkvK| kix‡i Mf©mÂv‡ii j¶Y cwiùzU| Mf©¯’ wkïwU Ñ c‡i Zvi bvg n‡e Ag„Zv| gvwii Wvbcv‡k GLb Ag„Zv Ñ mvevwjKv| bv, GKRb bq, `yRb Ag„Zv Ñ GKRb fviZxq, Ab¨Rb nv‡½ixq Ñ `yR‡bB ¯úó `„k¨gvb `c©‡Y| wWwRUvj †K¬vwbs‡qi KvwiKzwi‡Z AvZ¥cwiP‡qi Abb¨Zv Avi isevnvwi mv‡R wbwe©Kvi kixix Dcw¯’wZ euvav coj wecixZ Q‡›`| Ag„Zvi evev-gvi wfb-RvZxqZvi wgwkÖZ m~PK Zuvi mvRm¾vq| w¯’iwP‡Îi †mB GKB web¨v‡m `c©‡Yi †Niv‡Uv‡c IgivI wms Ges gvwi Auv‡ZvB‡b‡Zi wØZxqv Kb¨v Ñ wb‡Ri gy‡LvgywL| Dwb Avgvi gv Ñ Bw›`iv| Avqbvi cÖwZdj‡b AvwgI nvwRi Ñ e‡m AvwQ `v`vgkv‡qi †Kv‡j| w¯’iwP‡Îi GB Ô†gjv‡bv-†gkv‡bvÕi cwiKíbvq ej‡Z †M‡j wZwb Avgv‡K †KejB Dm‡K w`‡”Qb| Avgvi cwiKíbvi g~j wPÎMÖvnK wZwb| Zuvi †Zvjv

GB Qwe¸‡jvi Aa©kZvãx c‡i wWwRUvj Rv`yhš—i wb‡q Avm‡i †b‡gwQ Avwg| GKRb wPÎwkíxi K¨v‡givq ew›` w¯’iwP‡Îi `ywbqvq GKUv †fvqvMj¨vÛvi (Voigtlander) K¨v‡giv nv‡Z mgq Ly‡u o P‡j‡Q GK Ae©vPxb †QvKiv| Aek¨ DmKvwb †èvi g‡ZvB m¤úK© Avgv‡ì| Av‡M †Zv ZviB ms‡KZ w`jvg| wb‡Ri cvwievwiK w¯’iwP‡Îi fuvovi Kv‡R jvwM‡q Ôfwel¨‡ZÕi †Kv‡bv GK wkí-m„Rb Ñ G KvRUvB Ki‡Z PvB‡Q Ñ GKRb wkíx : G wK eskMwZi avivevwnK †KŠkj! Kx Zvi PwiÎ? mg‡qi DjUcyiv‡Y weï× AvZ¥‡cÖ‡gi G †Kgb cybive„wË? wKš‘ GKwU KvíwbK Pjw”PÎ Ñ ÔAg„ZvÕ Ñ wWwRUvj gš—vR †hLv‡b ¯^vaxb iƒcKvi Ñ Zxeª NvZcÖwZNv‡Z PwiÎ e`‡j n‡q I‡V AvL¨v‡bi K_K Ñ †mB QvqvQwei w¯’iwPÎ¸wj Ñ Zv‡ì wbQK web¨v‡mB †Zv mvRv‡bv †hZ GB Qwei wgwQj| wPÎKi Ag„Zv †kiwM‡ji Rxeb wb‡q GKwU KvwnwbwPÎ wbg©v‡Yi cÖ¯—ve w`‡qwQ‡jb Kzgvi kvnbx| Dwb †P‡qwQ‡jb, wPÎbvU¨ iPbvq AvwgI †hvM w`B|

Avgiv DwR‡q †Mjvg ey`v‡c÷ Ñ Ag„Zvi Rb¥¯’vb : Zvici Zuvi †hŠebKvj Avi wPÎv¼‡bi wk¶vbwewki kni c¨vwim| Gici Gjvg wmgjv Avi mvivqv‡Z Ñ Zuvi ˆcZ…K evwo Avi Kv‡Ri RvqMvq| me‡k‡l jv‡nvi Ñ †mLv‡b Zuvi M‡f© mš—vb Av‡m Ges wZwb gviv hvb| mg¯— NUbv Ges Z‡_ï †gvoK GKUz GKUz K‡i Lyj‡j M‡o I‡V GKUv M‡íi bKkv Ñ GKUv AvL¨vb Ñ wVK wecixZ mvs¯‹„wZK cwigÊ‡j M‡o IVv GKUv ey‡R©vqv cwiev‡ii Mí Ñ Zxeª ˆbKU¨ Avi R¡jš— AvKv•¶vi GKwU Kvwnwb| d‡Uv-¯^c-œ †cÖg-bvUK ïi“ nq ÔAb¨Õ A‡b‡Ki mv¶vrKvi c‡e© Ñ ÔAb¨Õiv gv‡b Zuvi hviv fv‡jvevmvi gvbyl| IgivI wms KweZv wjL‡Zb, QweI Zzj‡Zb| Avi Gme KvRK‡g© †PvL auvwa‡q w`‡jb GK nv‡½ixq igYxi| 1910 mv‡j jv‡nv‡i Zuvi m‡½ GB bvixi †`Lv n‡qwQj| cÖvq GK `kK Av‡M wZwb wb‡Ri GKUv Qwe Zz‡jwQ‡jb Ñ bMœ ey‡Ki QvwZ, `xN© Pz‡ji ivk †b‡g‡Q Ñ m`¨ øvb‡k‡l Mwe©Z AvZ¥‡NvlYv| mvnm K‡i Av‡iv GKUz G‡Mvjvg Ñ Ibv‡K ewm‡q w`jvg cÖvP¨ Kvq`vq mvRv‡bv emvi N‡i Ñ cv‡k Zuvi Zi“Yx ea~i Gwj‡q cov Aembœ kixi Ñ Zuv‡ì `yiš— `v¤úZ¨‡cÖ‡gi mvs‡KwZK cÖKvk| me KwU Qwei g~‡j Ñ cÖvY‡K‡›`ª GK ai‡bi cÖ‡ivPbvi Bw½Z Ñ Aš—Z †`‡L Avgvi †ZgbB g‡b n‡q‡Q| IgivI wms‡qi †Zvjv Zuvi Ges †mBm‡½ Zuvi Kb¨v Ag„Zvi Qwe¸‡jv Ñ cÖwZwUi g‡a¨ cÖ”Qbœ wPÎMÖvn‡Ki cÖPÊ Av‡eM| Zuvi GB cÖej Avmw³ gvLv‡bv gyn~Z©¸‡jv‡Z Avevi cÖvY cÖwZôvi B”Qv n‡jv| B”Qvc~iY Kij GB wWwRUvj hš—iwU| AvZ¥cÖwZô An‡gi m¤ú~Y© cybtm„wRZ GB bvU¨ †hb G‡Kev‡i ev¯—e, eZ©gv‡b NUgvb| c¨vwi‡m Zuv‡ì †h d¬¨vU, Zvi Aciƒc emvi NiwUi `vi“Y me d‡UvMÖv‡d †`Lv hvq PgrKvi mvRv‡bv GKUv gÂ Ñ †mLv‡b Dcw¯’Z †mB mg‡qi A‡bK Awf‡bZv-Awf‡bÎx| IgivI wms‡qi ci‡b ïaygvÎ †jswU Avi Ag„Zv c‡i‡Qb cvwU©‡Z hvevi †cvkvK, m‡½ Avi GKR‡bi D¾¡j Dcw¯’wZ Ñ ewim ZvmwjUSw¯‹, Ag„Zvi mncvVx Ges †cÖwgK| †`qv‡j Ag„Zvi AuvKv Qwe Ñ †mB Qwe †`Lvi Dcj‡¶B mKj‡K GKm‡½ GLv‡b Avbv| wWwRUvj d‡Uvgš—v‡Ri KvwiKzwi‡Z †Mvcb iBj GB evwb‡q †Zvjv mw¤§jb Ñ cÖ”Qbœ n‡jv cÖKU Ñ Zxeª †hŠb AvKv•¶vi Drmvi Avi ZviB Mfxi Z‡j wbôzi cwinvm| IgivI wms‡qi †Zvjv mg¯— AvZ¥cwÖ ZK…wZ Zuvi PvwiwÎK êwk‡óï AwfgyL : wb‡Ri ewjô kix‡ii GKvš— Abyfe, †eŠw×K cÖmbœZv, welYœ gynZ ~ ,© wbtm½ cÖvwš—K Ae¯’vb| Zuvi K¨v‡givq ew›` Zuvi †g‡q Ag„Zvi cÖwZwU Qwe Ñ †mLv‡b cÖwZdwjZ †g‡qwUi Avkv-DÏxcbv| µgk wkíx n‡q DV‡Q †m A_P ZviB m‡½ Rwo‡q Av‡Q wb‡R‡K †`Lv‡bvi Zxeª Kvgbv| Zuvi evevi K¨v‡givi †d«‡g Avðh© cÖmbœZvq euvav c‡o‡Q GB wØPvix Mgb| Avm‡i †b‡g‡Q Gevi Aaybvi GK ÔcwiPvjKÕ| K¨v‡givi mvg‡b bvbvb gyn‡~ Z© ¯^wba©vwiZ Zuvi we‡kl f~wgKv Ñ jxjvwqZ wef½, we‡klfv‡e mvRv‡bv `„k¨cU Ñ G‡ìB Avwg Kzkjx `¶Zvq mvRvjvg| ÔZi“YxivÕ (1932) Qwei g‡Wj‡ì m‡½ Ag„Zv Ñ GB `„k¨ cwiKíbvq †hb Ag„ZviB nv‡Zi †Quvqv Ñ †ek Kvq`v K‡iB `„k¨wU evbv‡bv| ev¯—weK wkíx Avi Zuvi g‡Wj Ñ G‡ì cvi¯úwiK m¤ú‡K©i wel‡q wewea e¨vL¨vi wgwkÖZ Awfe¨w³ Ñ G Avgvi ms‡hvRb| Qwe AuvKvi mgq ev Qwe †kl nevi wVK c‡iB †mB we‡kl QwewUi mvg‡b wkíxiv bvbvb fw½‡Z K¨v‡givi gy‡LvgywL nb Ñ

gvwi Auv‡ZvB‡bZ Ges IgivI wms 1930

LyeB cwiwPZ Ô†cvRÕ Gme| wKš‘ Ag„Zv‡K w`‡q Avwg c‡iv‡¶ GB wkíxi Pwi‡Î ÔAwfbqÕ Kwi‡q wbjvg Ñ GKUz Ab¨fv‡e Ñ bvbvb Awfgy‡L| Kw¤úDUv‡ii A¨v‡Wve d‡Uvk‡ci kiYvcbœ njvg| Ag„Zvi AuvKv Qwe¸‡jvi mvg‡b Zuvi cyi‡bv Av‡jvKwPÎ bvbvfv‡e †i‡L bZzb K‡qKUv Qwe Zzjjvg| cÖhwy ³i †KivgwZ‡Z wkíx †egvjyg P‡j G‡jv ZuviB AuvKv Qwei †fZ‡i Ñ cðvrc‡U| wkíx wb‡R Ges Zuvi g‡Wjiv †hgb mwZ¨ i³gvs‡mi Ñ †Zgwb mwZ¨ n‡q DVj Qwe‡Z AuvKv gvbyl¸‡jv| Ab¨w`‡K Pjw”P‡Îi ¯^cœ`‡„ k¨i g‡Zv wPÎMÖvn‡Ki Ôg‡WjÕ Ag„Zv Ges Zuvi AuvKv kixix wef½ wg‡jwg‡k GKvKvi n‡q †Mj| GB bvU‡Ki †h AskUzKz †kiwMj cwiev‡i N‡U †mLv‡bB Aš—`„k© ¨c‡Ui `vcU| ÔAg„Zvi cybtm„RbÕ bvU‡Ki wØZxq ce©wU 2002 mv‡j mvRv‡bv| †mLv‡b cvwievwiK Kvwnwb‡Z bZzb w`Ke`j Ñ Avi GKwU bZzb PwiÎ, m¤ú~Y© wfbœ †cÖ¶vc‡U nvwRi| †`kwU nv‡½wi Ñ †mLv‡b Ag„Zvi gvgvi evwo| gv‡qi m¤ú‡K© Zz‡Zv-fvB wf±i GMvb‡K we‡q Ki‡jb Ag„Zv| Zuvi ev‡ci evwoi wb`vi“Y wb`vNZvc †_‡K †ewi‡q cv ivL‡jb G‡Kev‡i Ab¨iKg GK `ywbqvq| GB bZzb c‡e© wf±i Ges beweevwnZ `¤úwZi AvZ¥xq¯^R‡bi

me©‡kl Amgvß wPÎKg©, 1941

†Zvjv Qwe¸‡jv Kv‡R jvMvjvg Avwg| †ewkifvMB AvPgKv †Zvjv| IgivI wms‡qi mvRv‡bv-†MvQv‡bv d‡UvMÖvd cÖ`k©bxi Zzjbvq G¸‡jv †bnvZB wbqgKvby‡bi avi-bv-gvbv, G‡jv‡g‡jv| G‡Kev‡i †Lvjv AvKv‡ki wb‡P Avgvi Gev‡ii d‡UvMÖvwdK gš—vR| GKvav‡i ˆbKU¨ Ges `~iZ¡ Ñ be`¤úwZi †Pv‡Li PvDwb‡Z wgj‡bi kixix AvKv•¶v Avi AbwZµg¨ eëav‡bi hyMjew›`| BD‡ivcxq ms¯‹…wZi D`vi‰bwZK Pwi‡Îi Kvi‡Y me©mg‡¶ Aa©bMœZv Aby‡gvw`Z| †`nR Kvgbvi GB bvUKwU wPÎvq‡Y Ag„Zvi wZbwU Qwe Avwg †e‡Q wb‡qwQjvg| cÖ_gwU Ag„Zvi KvgbvRR©i bvix‡`n Ñ kvwqZ Ñ Av‡av Ny‡g Av‡av RvMi‡Y Ñ Ici †_‡K †Kv‡bv GK cyi“l (wf±i) `y‡PvL f‡i Zuv‡K †`L‡Q| Ag„Zvi †cQ‡b `~‡i GKUv nvIqvKj Ñ †hb AwZKvq GK DwÌZ wj½| wØZxqwU‡Z ï‡q Av‡Qb wèv¯^‡cœ gMœ Ag„Zv Ñ †`L‡Qb GK mymw¾Zv bvix‡K (†m bvixI Ag„Zv)| †mB bvixi Aembœ kixi GKwU †bŠKvi Mv‡q cÖvq Gwj‡q c‡o‡Q| igYxi †hŠbZvi Nbmse× iƒc GB Qwe‡Z| Z…Zxq Qwe‡Z Ggbfv‡e Dcyo n‡q Av‡Q Ag„Zvi kixi †hb Do‡Q Ñ Aev‡a Ñ Do‡Q Zuvi Iobv `vgvj nvIqvq Ñ AvKv‡k D‡o P‡j‡Qb GK Aáiv| myw¯’Z Ae¯’v‡bi wecix‡Z ewni½‡bi GB Qwe¸‡jv‡Z fiv †hŠe‡bi D`MÖ Kvgbvq Awfmvix hvÎvc‡_i Zxeª msNv‡Z cy‡ivcywi BD‡ivcxq Nivbvq Ag„Zv Dcw¯’Z| Zuvi wØZxqevi fvi‡Z wd‡i Avmvi jMœ Avmbœ| GB fwel¨r c‡e© `ª“Z cwiYZ n‡e Ag„Zvi wbtm½ gbb| Mfxi ˆbwZKZvq Av”Qbœ Ag„Zv µgvš^qx cwikxj‡b n‡q DV‡eb GKRb Aš—`©kx© wPÎKi| mË‡ivaŸ© eq‡mi GKwU AvZ¥cÖwZK…wZ‡Z IgivI wms wekvj GKwU Rvbjvi gy‡LvgywL| †mB Rvbjvi PviMwÊ‡Z ew›` Kv‡jv ivwÎ| ZviB †cÖ¶vc‡U D™¢vwmZ GKwU `~iex¶Y hš¿ Avi Zuvi ZR©bxi AMÖfvM (iujv ev_© e‡jwQ‡jb, Zvi †PvL bq GB ZR©bxB Avm‡j wPÎMÖvn‡Ki ÔA½Õ) Avgvi d‡Uvgš—v‡R Ag„Zv GKvav‡i `k©K Ges Qwei Askwe‡kl| †R¨vrøvq †avqv Zuvi gyL, Mfxi †Pv‡Li GKvMÖ `„wó †hb AvKv‡ki k~b¨Zv Rwic Ki‡Q| A‡bK¸‡jv ci¯úi‡Q`x AwfgyL GLv‡b Dcw¯’Z : ˆRe Aw¶cU, Roe¯‘, †hŠbZv Avi Awawe`¨v| wbqwZi A‡gvN cwiYwZ wel‡q mg¨K AewnZ GKRb wcZv Ges GKRb Kb¨v Ñ m¤ú~Y© wecixZ `ywU RxebhvÎv †hb AÜKv‡i GK Awfmvix we›`y‡Z ci¯úi‡K ¯úk© K‡i‡Q| welYœZvi ciZ QvovI Ag„Zvi Kv‡R Av‡eMgq ZijZv Avi cÖvwZôvwbK k„•Ljvi j¶Y ¯úó Ñ wPÎv¼‡bi AvaywbK fvlvq Øvw›ØK êcixZ¨| wKDweRg-cieZx© Aeqeev` Z‡Ë¡i m‡½ mgmvgwqK wPÎv¼bixwZi †gjeÜb Zuvi Qwe‡Z| Av‡jvq Sjgj GB d‡UvMÖvdwU : Ag„Zvi ÷zwWI| Gi bKkv Dwb wb‡RB K‡i‡Qb| Avmev‡e AjsK…Z wk‡íi †Quvqv Avi GKwU Kv‡c©U Ñ wVK ga¨we›`y‡Z GKUv Kv‡Pi cvÎ Ñ ÔgnvRvMwZKÕ we¯§‡qi mg¯— cÖwZdjb aiv c‡o‡Q Zvi k~b¨Zvq| GB ¯^Mx©q e¯‘wUi wVK †cQ‡b GKUv Uz‡j Ag„Zv‡K em‡Z ejjvg| ÔAg„Zvi cybwP©ÎvqYÕ c‡e©i welq GUvB Ñ `y¨wZgq D™¢vm Avi g„Z¨z | cvÄv‡ei GKRb †MvôxcwZi †R¨ô cyÎ IgivI wms‡qi Rb¥ 1870 mv‡j| mg¯— Rxeb wZwb Áv‡bi A‡š^l‡Y KvwU‡q‡Qb| ms¯‹Z … Avi dviwm Ñ `yB fvlv‡ZB cwÊZ GB gvbylwU ag©Z‡Ë¡i bvbvb `vk©wbK wRÁvmvi DËi mÜv‡b gMœ wQ‡jb| Uj÷‡qi mvgvwRK g~j¨‡eva Avi cvwÊZ¨gq fvlv Zuv‡K Mfxifv‡e cÖfvweZ

evevi m‡½

K‡iwQj| Uj÷‡qi m‡½ wbweo AvZ¥xqZv Abyfe Ki‡Zb wZwb| GgbwK GB i“k †jL‡Ki †cvkv‡Ki ai‡b wb‡Ri †cvkv‡Ki bKkvI K‡iwQ‡jb| Ks‡MÖm cvwU© Ges MvÜx I RInijvj †bni“ Ñ ivR‰bwZKfv‡e wZwb Gu‡`i mnggx© wQ‡jb| †RvwZwe©Ávb Ges †hvMwe`¨v †_‡K ïi“ K‡i n¯—wjwcwe`¨v, Qy‡Zv‡ii KvR Avi d‡UvMÖvwd Ñ Zuvi AvMÖ‡ni welq wQj wewPÎ, eûgyLx| 1892 †_‡K ïi“ n‡jv wb‡Ri K¨v‡givq wb‡R‡K ew›` Kiv| lvU eQi a‡i AvwkwUiI †ewk AvZ¥cÖwZK…wZ Ñ mwZ¨B AmvaviY| mg¯— Qwe‡ZB †mB wewkó gvbylwUi ¯^xK…wZ ¯úó| Zuvi †Zvjv Qwei †ewkifv‡MB †kiwMj cwievi Ñ Aek¨ gvwi Auv‡ZvB‡bZ‡K we‡q Kivi c‡i Ñ Gn evn¨! Zuvi cÖ_gv ¯¿x gviv hvevi K‡qK eQi c‡i 1910 mv‡j GKRb nv‡½ixq A‡civ MvwqKvi m‡½ jv‡nv‡i Zuvi †`Lv n‡jv| gnvivRv iwÄZ wms‡ni bvZwb ivRKzgvix e¤^vi mnhvwÎbx wn‡m‡e jÛb †_‡K GB MvwqKv G‡m‡Qb| Zuvi bvg gvwi Auv‡ZvB‡bZ †MÖUmg¨vb|

wf±‡ii m‡½ Ag„Zv, nv‡½wi, 1934

1912 mv‡ji †deª“qvwi gv‡m jv‡nv‡i weevneÜ‡b Ave× n‡jb IgivI wms Ges gvwi Auv‡ZvB‡bZ| Gici `¤úwZ †M‡jb ey`v‡c÷| †Kbbv gvwii Zxeª B”Qv Zuvi cÖ_g mš—vb †hb †mLv‡bB cÖ_g c„w_exi Av‡jv †`‡L| 30 Rvbyqvwi 1913 Ag„Zvi Rb¥ n‡jv| Avi Zuv‡ì wØZxqv Kb¨v Bw›ìv Rb¥MnÖ Y Kij 1914 mv‡ji 28 gvP©| ZLb ïi“ n‡q‡Q cÖ_g wek¦hy×| †`‡k wdi‡Z cvi‡jb bv Zuviv| ey`v‡c‡÷B i‡q †M‡jb AvU eQi| ev”Pviv K_v ej‡Z wkLj, co‡Z wkLj g~jZ nv‡½wii fvlvq| 1920 mv‡j †`‡k wd‡i wmgjvq msmvi cvZ‡jb Zuviv| Avevi †M‡jb we‡`‡k Ñ 1929 mv‡j| wPÎv¼‡b Ag„Zvi mnRvZ `¶Zv‡K mwVK cÖ_vgvwdK PP©vq Av‡iv DbœZ Ki‡Z Gevi †M‡jb c¨vwim| B‡Kv‡j †`¨ e Av‡Z© fwZ© n‡jb Ag„Zv| c¨vwi‡m mvsermwiK wPÎvewji (RxweZ wPÎKi‡ì) weivU cÖ`k©bx Ñ ÔMÖu muv‡jvÕ Ñ Ag„Zvi AuvKv ÔZi“YxivÕ †mLv‡b ¯^Yc© `K †cj| Zuvi AmvaviY `¶Zvi cÖ_g ¯^xK…wZ| ZLb Zuvi eqm gvÎ Kzwo| Bw›ìv fwZ© n‡jb me©mvavi‡Yi msMxZ we`¨vj‡q Ñ wcqv‡bv evRv‡bv wkL‡Z jvM‡jb| IgivI wms Zuvi †eŠw×K Rxeb h_vixwZ wbR¯^ †gRv‡RB KvUv‡Z jvM‡jb|

gv‡Sg‡a¨B Zuvi WvK coZ mieb wek¦we`¨vj‡q| e³„Zv w`‡Z n‡e Ñ welq Ñ fviZxq `k©b| müv Gwj‡mi wVK c‡ii iv¯—v i“¨ evmv‡bv| †mLv‡b Zuv‡ì wejvmeûj d¬¨vU| Ggb GK cÖv‡Yv”Qj cwi‡ek M‡o Zz‡jwQ‡jb gvwi Auv‡ZvB‡bZ †h Zuvi Uv‡b mgvRZvwË¡K, †jLK Avi msMxZ‡Ái `j cÖvqkB wfo Rgv‡Zb| wVK GB mgqKv‡j IgivI wms Zuvi wb‡Ri me‡P‡q wek` wbweógbv Qwe¸‡jv K¨v‡givew›` K‡iwQ‡jb| LyeB Nwbô gyn‡~ Z©i Qwe G¸‡jv| Jcwb‡ewkK g~j¨‡ev‡a Av”Qbœ GK fviZxq cÖRv µgk e`‡j n‡q DVj e¨w³¯^vZš¿ëv`x GK ey‡R©vqv cwievi| d‡UvMÖvwdi bZzb ixwZ-c×wZ †h Zuvi A‡MvPi wQj bv ZviB cÖgvY †g‡j GK WRb ¯^ZteY©vwj (Autochrome) Qwe‡Z (Kv‡Pi Ici Kvjvi †b‡MwUf Ñ jywg‡qi fv‡q‡ì D™¢veb)| Gi mvgvb¨ K‡qKUv i‡q‡Q fvi‡Z| 1930 mv‡j wb‡Ri †÷‡iv‡¯‹vwcK K¨v‡givi mvnv‡h¨ †ek K‡qKwU wÎgvwÎK (3-D) QweI Zz‡jwQ‡jb IgivI wms| AvaywbK fviZxq d‡UvMÖvwdi Ab¨Zg cw_K…r wn‡m‡e Avwg IgivI wms‡qi bvg D‡jL Ki‡Z PvB| fvi‡Z wd‡i Avmvi wm×vš— Ag„Zvi wb‡Ri| 1934 mv‡ji wW‡m¤î gv‡m evev-gvi m‡½ †`‡k wdi‡jb wZwb| wmgjvq wb‡Ri ÷zwWI ˆZwi Ki‡jb| AwP‡iB AvaywbK fviZxq wkí wbg©v‡Yi Ab¨Zg GK Askx`vi wn‡m‡e wb‡R‡K wZwb cÖwZwôZ Ki‡jb| RvZxqZvev`x cÖ¯—vebvq DÏxß Ag„Zv ïi“ Ki‡jb Zuvi Zx_©hvÎv ÔfviZ-Avwe®‹viÕ| ARš—v Zuv‡K wenŸj K‡i w`‡jv| cÖwZwU m~²vwZm~² Zzwji Uvb LyuwU‡q Lywu U‡q †`L‡jb wZwb| wkí HwZnvwmK Kvj© LvÛvjvfvjvi m‡½ fviZxq wkí wel‡q bvbvb AvjvcPvwiZvq mg„× n‡jb| GB mgqKv‡j cuvPwU kn‡i Zuvi Qwei cÖ`k©bx n‡jv| w`wji cÖ`k©bx †kl nevi ci 1937 mv‡j RInijvj †bni“i m‡½ †`Lv Ki‡jb| c‡ii eQi 1938 mv‡j w¯’i Ki‡jb nv‡½wi hv‡eb Ñ †mLv‡b we‡q Ki‡eb Zz‡Zv-fvB wf±i GMvb‡K| wf±i ZLb Wv³vi nevi wk¶vbwewk Ki‡Qb| be`¤úwZ fvi‡Z wdi‡jb 1939 mv‡j| mvivqvq (†MviLcy‡ii Kv‡Q) gvw`ªw_qv cvwievwiK Rwg`vwi‡Z msmvi cvZ‡jb Zuviv| bvixwelqK ZvwË¡K fvebvq we‡kwlZ Zuvi K‡qKwU wewkó KvR GLv‡bB Kiv| 1941 mv‡ji †m‡Þ¤î gv‡m `¤úwZ P‡j G‡jb jv‡nv‡i| †mLv‡b Wv³vi wn‡m‡e wf±‡ii cmvi Rg‡e GB Avkv| †m eQ‡ii wW‡m¤^‡i wb‡Ri Qwei GK wekvj cÖ`k©bxi cwiKíbv K‡i †dj‡jb Ag„Zv| cÖ`k©bxi wVK K‡qKw`b Av‡M Ag„Zvi mvgvb¨ GKUz Amy¯’Zv Wv³vi ¯^vgxi wPwKrmvq gvivZ¥K n‡q DVj| cwiYwZ gg©vwš—K Ñ 5 wW‡m¤î 1941 †kl wbtk¦vm †dj‡jb Ag„Zv| wf±i Avi Ag„Zvi †Kv‡bv mš—vb wQj bv| gvwi Auv‡ZvB‡bZ Kb¨vi g„Z¨z ‡Z G‡Kev‡i †f‡O co‡jb| `yÕ`yevi AvZ¥nZ¨vi †Póv Ki‡jb wZwb| †kl ch©š— IgivI wms‡qi e›`yK w`‡q wb‡Ri nv‡Z wb‡R‡K †kl K‡i w`‡jb gvwi| wmgjvq wb‡Ri covi N‡i gviv †M‡jb wZwb Ñ 1948 mv‡ji 31 RyjvB m‡Ü¨ mvZUvq| 1937 mv‡jB Bw›ìv we‡q K‡iwQ‡jb †K †K my›ìg&‡K| fviZxq wmwfj mvwf©‡mi GKRb m`m¨ wn‡m‡e my›ìg& ZLb wmgjvq Kg©iZ| wffv‡bi Rb¥ 1943 mv‡j Avi Zvi †evb bexbv Ñ †m Rb¥vq 1945 mv‡j| IgivI wms †QvU †g‡q Bw›ìvi m‡½B Avg„Zz¨ wQ‡jb Ñ cÖ_‡g wmgjvq, c‡i w`wj‡Z| 1954 mv‡j 84 eQi eq‡m Zuvi g„Z¨z nq| Bw›ìv gviv hvb †KŠkvwj‡Z 1975 mv‡j Avi †K †K my›ìg& w`wj‡Z 1993 mv‡j †kl wbtk¦vm †d‡jb| 

M‡Yk cvBb : Aw¯— I bvw¯—i ˆØZZv Av ey j g b my i

wðge‡½i L¨vwZgvb wPÎKi M‡Yk cvBb cÖqvZ n‡q‡Qb| ïay cwðge‡½i Aek¨ wZwb wQ‡jb bv, mviv fvi‡Zi `„k¨KjvRM‡ZB wZwb L¨vwZ I m¤§v‡bi cvÎ wQ‡jb| Zuvi cÖ¯’vb AvaywbK fviZxq wPÎKjvi GKwU wewkó avivi †bZ…¯’vbxq wkíxwUi Ae¯’vwU‡K k~b¨ K‡i w`‡q‡Q| M‡Yk cvB‡bi g„Zz¨i ¶wZ ZLbB h_vh_ Dcjä n‡e, hLb Avgiv Zuvi ¯^KxqZv‡K cwic~ Y© gvÎvq Abya veb Ki‡Z cvie| Ab¨Zi Aek¨ wZwb Ggwb‡ZB wQ‡jb LvwbKUv| †fvMev`x we‡k¦ hLb wPÎ-fv¯‹h©I cY¨ webv Ab¨ wKQz bq, ZLb wZwb wkíevRv‡ii Bu`yi‡`Šo Avi cv`cÖ`x‡ci Av‡jv †_‡K wb‡R‡K mwi‡q †i‡LwQ‡jb| Z_vKw_Z AvU© K¨v¤ú ev IqvK©k‡ci Wvgv‡Wv‡jI wZwb Lye AskMÖnY Ki‡Zb e‡j Rvbv †bB| wkíxi e¨w³MZ Rxeb hZUv h‡_”Q I wbqgiwnZ nq e‡j cÖPwjZ aviYv, Zuvi ˆ`bw›`b w`bhvcb †eva nq wQj Zvi G‡Kev‡iB wecixZ| †hŠ_ cwiev‡ii HwZwn¨K wbqgvbyewZ©Zvi g‡a¨B †K‡U‡Q Zuvi cÖvq mvivwU Rxeb| e¨w³MZfv‡e †_‡K‡Qb Aby”P, wbf„ZPvix, wbR©bZvi cwigÊj-cÖZ¨vkx| Ab¨ A‡bK m„Rbkxj mªªóvi g‡Zv Zuvi wkíI nq‡Zv A‡bKUvB AvZ¥‰RewbK wKsev AvZ¥vbymÜv‡bi bvbvb ¯—i| Avayw bK fviZwk‡íi ïi“Uv †Kv_vq? †m Kx Aebx›`ªbv‡_ bv Kx MM‡b›`ªbv‡_, bv Kx †m b›`jv‡j, A_ev Av‡iv c‡i iex›`ªbv‡_? nq‡Zv Gu‡`i cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki LÊ LÊ Ae`v‡bB wbwg©Z n‡q‡Q Gi c~Y©v½ Aeqe| Z‡e Aebx›`ªbv‡_i GKwU aviv ˆZwi n‡qwQj Z_vKw_Z Ô†e½j ¯‹z‡jÕi gva¨‡g, kvwš—w b‡KZbPvix b›`jv‡ji wKQy Abymvixi m~Pbv †`Lv hvq we‡bv`wenvixivgwK¼‡i| iex›`ªbv_ I MM‡b›`ªbv‡_i †Kv‡bv Abymvix ˆZwi nqwb| †m we‡ePbvq Aebx›`ªb v_ Jcwb‡ewkK fvi‡Zi

M‡Yk cvBb

evwoUv K¨vbfv‡m †U‡¤úiv, 2003

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cwð‡gi AvaywbKZv‡KB cÖavb Aej¤^b wn‡m‡e †e‡Q wb‡jb (†hgbwU N‡UwQj mgmvgwqK c~e© cvwK¯—v‡bi wkíavivqI)| Zuv‡ì Aby‡cÖiYvi cÖa vb Avw½KMZ KvVv‡gv n‡jv ÔKz ¨weRgÕ, hwÌ Kz¨weR‡gi m~Pbv Av‡iv cÖvq Pwjk eQi Av‡M wesk kZ‡Ki cÖ _g `k‡K| Gi m‡½ wKQy fviZxq Dcv`vb wgwk‡q Pjj AvaywbK fviZwk‡íi Aeqe wbg©v‡Yi KvR| GLv‡b M‡Yk cvBb wb‡Ri Rb¨ wfbœ c‡_i AbymÜvb K‡i‡Qb| g~jZ lv‡Ui `k‡K Avwef©~Z wkíx Zuvi wkíRMr‡KI mgmvgwqK wkí-mZx_©‡ì †_‡K †ek cwi®‹vifv‡e Avjv`v K‡i †bb, Kx iPb‰kjx‡Z, Kx gva¨‡gi eënv‡i| Kz¨weR‡gi ewjô R¨vwgwZKZv I iƒ‡ci bvbvb AwZkvq‡bi my‡hvM Zuv‡KI AvKwl©Z K‡i‡Q Ges bvbv cwieZ© bgqZvi ga¨ w`‡q hvIqv

wbkvPi K¨vbfv‡m †U‡¤úiv, 2003

Awf‡lK K¨vbfv‡m †U‡¤úiv, 1992

Zuvi wPÎgvjvq †kl ch©š—I Kz¨weR‡gi QvqvcvZ i‡q hvq| wKš‘ GKB m‡½ cÖe j Aebx›`ª- Abxnvi Kv‡j Aebx›`ª bv‡_i wPÎavivi GK GKwbô AbyivMx wn‡m‡eI †`Lv hvq Zuv‡K| ZvB Kz¨weR‡gi cvkvcvwk cÖvq Ae¨vnZfv‡e Aebx›`ªb v‡_i gvqvex Av‡jvAuvavwii RMrI nvbv †`q Zuvi wPÎK‡g©| iex›`ªbv_‡KI wK bZzb K‡i Avwe®‹vi K‡ib M‡Yk cvBb? Zuvi AvjyjvwqZ bvixi Aeq‡e ivexw›`ªK bvixwPÎ‡Yi inm¨gqZvi cÖwZfvm †hb cÖRb¥vš—‡i cyb iwc †`Lv †`q| M‡Yk cvBb wbe©¯‘KZvi `~ihvqx †jv‡K †hgb wb‡R‡K ¯’vcb K‡ib bv Avevi mgmvgwqKZvi `ytmn ZvcI Zuvi wP‡Îi Aeq‡e AkÖ“-Nvgmn Dcw¯’Z bq| wZwb _v‡Kb gvSvgvwS, GK ¯^í -AvfvwmZ H›`ª RvwjK inm¨v‡jv‡Ki cwim‡i| Zuvi RMr Rxeb-Aay¨wlZ, Z‡e gvbyl I cïi Av`j‡K wZwb wewbg©vY K‡ib Awfe¨w³ I Av‡eM‡K Acm„Z K‡i Av‡jv I Auvav‡ii cÖ‡nwjKvgq cUf~‡g| K¼vj, K‡ivwU, ùvZ I †`nvw¯’i AwZkvqb wPÎcURy‡o wbg©vY K‡i nZvkv, wbR©bZv, welv` I g„Zz¨-AvfvwmZ Abyf~wZi GK ARvbv †e`bv| Zuvi AvZ¥m„ó GK ai‡bi GKvwK‡Z¡i †evaI m¤¢eZ Zuv‡K wbiš—i PvwjZ K‡i‡Q Rxe‡bi welv`gqZvi cÖw Z| GB giwg inm¨v‡jv‡Ki †fZi w`‡q ¯’vb I Kvj‡K Ae‡jvK‡bi gva¨‡g wkíx †h evZ©vwU Rvbvb †`b Zvi eë‡”Q` mnR bq| wkíxi Pvicv‡k engvb RMrcÖev‡ni mÂjb Zuv‡K †Zv Av‡›`vwjZ K‡iB, Zvi evB‡i g„Z¨z i Aek¨¤¢vweZv ¯^vfvweKfv‡eB wkíxi ms‡e`‡K ZvwoZ K‡i P‡j| Gi evB‡i Rxe‡bi mvwe©K Zvrch© wel‡q e¨vKzjZv Zuv‡K †U‡b wb‡q hvq ¯^cœgqZv I welv`‡PZbvi Av‡jv-Auvavwii GK Øvw›ØKZvq| Rxe‡bi mxgvwPwýZ A‡gvNZvi wecix‡Z Avb›` I my›`‡ii wbi_©KZv Zuv‡K Av”Qbœ K‡i, wKš‘ m‡½ GB Avk¦vmwUI nq‡Zv aviY Ki‡Z Pvb †h Rxe‡bi wecyjZvi g‡a¨ Zvi PwiZv_©Zvi mÜvbB gvb‡ei AwfhvÎv| GwU Zuvi AvZ¥vbymÜv‡biI Ask êwK| Zuvi mvg‡b Av‡iv wQj Kvj I ¯’v‡bi m‡½ wb‡Ri wkíKg©‡K m¤ú„³ Kievi msMÖvg, hv‡K Ab¨ K_vq ej‡Z cvwi AvZ¥vbymÜvb ev mgKvjxb hyMwkíx n‡q IVvi wbix¶v| PwjkcÂv‡ki cwðggy Lx AvaywbKZvi cÖeYZv lv‡U wKQyUv K‡g G‡m Gi m‡½ †`kxq Dcv`vb Ryoevi cÖqvm †`Lv hvq, hv‡Z g~jZ

†jvKvqZ ˆkjx ev agx©q wPý I cÖZx‡Ki Dc¯’vcb cÖa vb n‡q I‡V| M‡Yk cvBb Gm‡ei evB‡i Luy ‡R †c‡jb Zuvi Aby‡cÖiYv¯’j, g~jZ Aebx›`ªbv‡_, wKQzUv ev iex›`ªbv‡_| Zuvi Qwe‡Z †igeªv‡›Ui †cÖiYvi K_v ejv n‡jI †mwU †Zgb ev¯—em¤§Z g‡b n‡jv bv, eis wKQzUv wK b›`jvj, Avi wKQzUv we‡bv`wenvix? Z‡e M‡Yk cvB‡bi †miv m„wó¸‡jv AwZ Aek¨B Gu‡ì Kv‡iv wkíavivi weewZ©Z AvaywbKvqb bq| mgKvjxb Zgmv-cwiKxY© Rxe‡bi we¶Z cwiYvgnxb bvw¯—i wei“‡× Rxe‡bi A_©gqZvi Aw¯—evPK cÖZ¨vkvi †h Ø›Ø wbiš—i i³v³ Ki‡Q GB wPÎwkíxi m„RbRMr‡K Av‡Mi wkíx‡ì Abyf‡ei ej‡q G msKUwU AZUv cÖej wQj bv| d‡j M‡Yk cvBb ev Zuvi mgKvjxb ms‡e`bkxj Ab¨vb¨ wPÎwkíxi Kv‡R mg‡qi †h AwfNvZ †mwU c~e©eZx© cÖR‡b¥i m‡½ †m A‡_© Zzjbxq bq| Z‡e †hgbwU Av‡M ejv n‡q‡Q, M‡Yk cvB‡bi wPÎKg© Zuvi mgKv‡ji Ab¨‡ì †P‡q †ek j¶Yxqfv‡e wfbœZi| g‡b nq ¯’vwbK wkí-HwZ‡nï m‡½ KvwjK mgq‡PZbvi mgš^q NwU‡q GKwU kw³gvb wPÎfvlv wbg©v‡Yi †¶‡Î ïay evsjvq bq, mgMÖ fviZe‡l©B wZwb GKv‡ji Ab¨Zg ¸i“Z¡c~Y© wkíx| Zuvi Qwe GKw`‡K e¨w³MZ wbR©bZv I wew”QbœZv‡ev‡ai GK Kíiƒc, Ab¨w`‡K welv`‡eva ebvg ¯^ cœPvwiZvi, Av‡jv ebvg AÜKv‡ii GK ˆØZZvi Øvw›ØK wKš‘ a¨vbgMœ wPÎiƒc| ejv evûj¨, M‡Yk cvB‡bi Qwe `~ieZx© †jvKvqZ Rxe‡bi wPý-ms‡KZ-cÖZxK I iƒc‡Ki m‡½ AvR‡Ki cwiPq-Awbw`©ó gvbe I RxeRM‡Zi mgš^q Avi K‚‡nwjKvgq Av‡jv-Auvavwii †h KíiƒcvZ¥K †cÖ¶vcU Dc¯’vcb K‡i Zv‡K my wbw`©ó A_©gqZvi MwÊ‡Z e¨³ Kiv m¤¢e bq| †Kv‡bv †kÖô m„RbKg©B mnR eë‡”Q‡ì AeKvk iv‡L bv| M‡Yk cvB‡bi wPÎKg© Rxe‡bi mv_©KZv I Awbevh© wbi_©KZvi ga¨Lv‡bi ˆØZZv‡K aviY K‡i GK giwg cÖ‡nwjKvgq Av‡jv-Auvavwii wbR¯^ fvl¨ iPbvi gva¨‡g| Zuvi wkí `k©K‡KI †U‡b wb‡q hvq Awbw`©ó wKš‘ Awbevh© †mB †ev‡ai RM‡Z| GB ms‡e`-m~² RM‡Zi mªóv whwb Zuvi cÖ¯’vb †Zv Aek¨B †e`bvi, Z‡e Zuvi ¯’vb †Zv wbw`©ó n‡q †M‡Q wPivq‡Zi Avm‡b|

kir K¨vbfv‡m †U‡¤úiv, 1971

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cyZzj K¨vbfv‡m †U‡¤úiv, 2001

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bvix I mvc K¨vbfv‡m †U‡¤úiv, 1975

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e›`i I RvnvR K¨vbfv‡m †U‡¤úiv, 2008

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i‡_i mvg‡b †U‡¤úiv, 1978

`yB‡q wg‡j Kx N‡U Zv bv eyS‡j KjKvZvi wkíPP©v Abyaveb Kiv hvq bv| Avgvi g‡b nq, e¨w³g‡bi ms¶zäRvZ †h wkíAwfe¨w³ i‡q‡Q Zv G-AÂ‡j cÖKvk †c‡Z wKQyUv wejw¤^Z n‡q‡Q| Gi eo GKUv KviY AZxZPvwiZv I cyivYgywLbZv| GK_v A‡bK ZvwË¡KB cÖgvY Ki‡Z †Póv K‡i‡Qb| hy×, `v½v, `ywf©¶, Jcwb‡ewkK Pµvš— I cxo‡bi P~ovš— AvNvZ, wece, †`kfvM, ¯^cœ, ¯^cœfMœZvi D_vwj-cv_vwjKv‡j Lvwe †L‡q wkíxmËv eyS‡Z cvij, †h gvbyl Avgvi cwiwPZ †m gvbyl Avi mZ¨ bq| mZ¨ eûgvwÎK, m‡Z¨i eûZj, bvbv †KŠwYK Av‡jv †d‡j Zv AskZ Rvbv hvq Ñ AskZ Abygvb Ki‡Z nq| wKš‘ c~e©eZx©Kv‡ji g~wZ©, fv¯‹h©, B‡gR wbix¶‡Y †h AwfÁZv nq Zv †Zv Avi D‡c¶v Kiv P‡j bv, eis Zv‡KB wbf©i K‡i wb‡R‡K DwR‡q w`‡Z nq A_ev Zvi †cQ‡bB we‡kl wbq‡gi Avovj

g¯—K I Kv‡jv Puv` K¨vbfv‡m †U‡¤úiv, 1990

c`wPý K¨vbfv‡m †U‡¤úiv, 1973

LyuR‡Z nq| `ytmn eZ©gvb wPwÎZ Kivi D¾¡j Av‡qvRb KjKvZvq ïi“ nq Pwj‡ki `k‡K| wKš‘ wece I †`kfvM mydj bv wb‡q G‡j ZLb Kx nq g‡bi Ae¯’v! kÎ“ hw` wPwýZ _v‡K, Zv‡K AvµgY Kiv hvq| wKš‘ kÎ“ hLb `yóKvj, Avi G-Kv‡ji Kzkxjeiv hLb †fvj cvj‡U †d‡j wecexi j¶¨ åó K‡i w`‡q m`‡c© `vwc‡q †eovq Avi wecewew”Qbœ n‡q gvbyl GKv n‡q hvq, ZLb Kx wkí iPbv K‡i Aw¯—‡Z¡i Rvbvb †`b wkíxiv Zv bv eyS‡j KjKvZvi mgKv‡ji wkí cvV Kiv hvq bv| MZ kZ‡Ki Pwj‡ki `kK †cwi‡q cÂv‡ki ïi“‡Z †evanq IB e¨w³g‡bi w`‡knviv †e`bvZ© wbtm½ Ae¯’v †_‡K bZzb wkí Rb¥ wb‡Z ïi“ K‡i| Avwg G-mgq †_‡K ïi“ nIqv KvjLÊ‡KB mgKvjxb fviZwkí ejwQ| K¨vjKvUv MÖ“c Avi †ev‡¤^i †cÖv‡MÖwmf MÖ“‡ci K_v ¯§i‡Y †i‡LI ej‡Z PvB †h, Avm‡j cÂv‡ki I lv‡Ui `k‡KB e¨w³gvb‡mi RwUj AveZ©F× bZzb wkífvlvi Rb¥ wb‡q‡Q| G-mg‡qi Zvc nq‡Zv GKRb iexb gÊj ev Avi †KD

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gvbyl I KzwUi Rjis, 1983

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g‡Zv| B‡gR‡K IiKg GKUv wbmM©iv‡R¨ ¯’vcb Kivq wkïi nl© Avi gv‡qi Avb‡›ì AbvwejZv cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q| WvwKbx-cwi‡ek iPbv M‡Yk cvB‡bi Av‡iv GKwU Awš^ó| Ô†èxÕ, ÔivbxÕ, ÔevwNbxÕ bv‡g wZwb †h Qwe¸‡jv Gu‡K‡Qb Zv‡Z Avgiv Abyfe Kwi cÖKw… Zjxb Akixix, fqsKiZv‡K wZwb kixi w`‡q‡Qb| Zuvi Qwe‡Z AwZcÖvK…‡Zi †`¨vZK m„wó nq wPÎMZ K‡qKwU cwigvR©bvq| †iLvi RUv I Rvj, Nb I nvjKv eY©c`©vi †hvMmvRk, gvÎvwZwi³ wØgvwÎKZvi R¨vwgwZ, †Pv‡Li gwY gv‡e©‡ji g‡Zv †Mvj R¡jR¡‡j A_ev †Pv‡L gwY †bB, †PvL AÜKvi Avi PZzw`©‡K †Luvoj, †duvciv, c‡j¯—vivLmv, †f‡Ocov `vjvb Mwj‡q Av‡jv-AÜKvi Gm‡ei Av‡qvR‡b gb †mB Rv`yKix Av‡e‡k AvU‡K _v‡K| Qwe Avm‡j cwiYv‡g is I i‡Oi c`©v Avi †iLv I †iLvi R¨vwgwZ| G `ywU Dcv`v‡bi cÖ‡qv‡M Ggb wbôvevb wkíx Lye KgB Av‡Qb| †iLvi AwekÖvg wewPÎ cÖ‡qv‡M B‡gRMov Avi eY©Z‡ji GZ iƒcI Avgiv Aebx›`ªbv_ †_‡K ïi“ K‡i Avi †Kv‡bv wkíxi Kv‡R Ggb gvnv‡Z¥¨ †hvwRZ n‡Z †`wLwb| GB eY©Z‡ji wewPÎ ms¯’vc‡bi Kvi‡YB wZwb DcwiZ‡ji XvKbvUv Ly‡j Ae‡PZ‡bi ivR¨ AevwiZ K‡i †`b| Avi ZLbB Avgv‡ì ïfKí I AïfKí B‡gR¸‡jv ¯^qsPv‡j †f‡m Av‡m A_ev gvwU Lyu‡o cyivZvwË¡K †hgb †c‡q hvb A‡bK Av‡Mi b¶ÎKv‡j g‡i hvIqv †Kv‡bv mf¨Zvi aŸsmve‡k‡li g‡a¨ gvbylx cÖwZgv, nvwZqvi, ˆZRmcÎ †Zgb B‡gR Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB wkíxi Rwg‡b| Avgvi g‡b nq, †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv wkíxi KvR †Pv‡Li cv‡V ev nv‡Zi ¯ú‡k©B ïay Abyfe Kiv hvq bv| KL‡bv eywS wPÎwkí cv‡Vi Rb¨ NÖv‡Yw›`ª‡qiI cÖ‡qvRb nq| nq‡Zv kÖe‡Yw›`ª‡qiI mnvqZv jv‡M| M‡Yk cvB‡bi Qwe †`L‡j g‡b nq, Gme gvbylx cÖwZgv I Ab¨vb¨ welq †hb cyivZvwË¡‡Kiv m`¨ c„w_ex Lyu‡o D×vi K‡i‡Qb| Zv‡ì Mv‡q GL‡bv emyÜivi M‡f©i i³ †j‡M Av‡Q| cÖZœMÜv M‡Yk cvB‡bi Qwe †`L‡Z †M‡j ZvB NÖv‡Yw›`ªq mPj n‡q I‡V| NÖv‡Yw›`ªq wK KL‡bv †Pv‡Li †P‡qI †ewk ms‡e`x n‡q I‡V bv? †mB `~i mg‡qi wgk‡ii ivbx †hb Kwdb †f‡O D‡V e‡m‡Qb GB gvÎ Ñ GiKg A‡jŠwKK ˆkwíK Rv`yKix Pvj Av‡Q M‡Yk cvB‡bi wk‡í| Ae‡PZ‡bi imvqb‡kvwaZ Zuvi Qwe AwZcÖvK…Z, bvwK civev¯—e, Zv bv Rvb‡jI G-wkíxi Qwei w`‡K A‡bK¶Y ZvwK‡q _vK‡Z nq| Zv nq‡Zv KL‡bv Avgv‡ì iƒcK_v cvV Kivq, KL‡bv Zv my›`‡ii m‡½ fq †hvM K‡i Uª¨v‡RwWi‡m Z…ß K‡i †`q| wKš‘ M‡Yk cvB‡bi Qwe‡Z g„Zz¨ Av‡Q| Zuvi Qwe g„Zz¨MÜx| †mB MÜ Avgiv `~ivZxZ Kvj †_‡K †c‡q AvmwQ| Avgv‡ì i‡³i ex‡RB g„Zzï evZ©v| A‡bK Av‡M g‡i hvIqv g„Z‡ì cv‡k AvwgI bexb †Pv‡L I NÖvYkw³‡Z mg‡qi g‡a¨ g„Zzï Qvqv †`LwQ| NÖvY cvw”Q| M‡Yk cvB‡bi weL¨vZ Qwe ÔAvZZvqxÕ‡K †`‡L gb †h f‡q wew¯§Z n‡q _v‡K Zvi KviY AvZZvqxi gyL bq, Lvc †_‡K AskZ †ewi‡q Avmv Z‡jvqviI bq, eis GB `yB welq wN‡i †h †U·Pvi I UzK‡iv-UvKiv Mob i‡q‡Q Zvi g‡a¨B cÖKvk cv‡”Q mš¿vm, mš¿¯— gyn~Z©, AvZZvqxi wnsmªZv| Zuvi Qwei µ‚iZvi cyivZ‡Ë¡ gvby‡li BwZnvm cvV Ñ A‡bK QweB Zuvi G mZ¨ Rvbv‡Z Pvq| 

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gvQaiv Rvj-1 K¨vbfv‡m A¨vwµwjK, 2010

cvjb Ki‡Qb| wkíx gvngy`y j n‡Ki Ôwe`¨gvbZvi cybwb© g©vYÕ (Re-Enacting Actuality) wk‡ivbv‡gi cÖ`k©bxwU‡Z †e½j M¨vjvwi Ae& dvBb AvU©m&- G 8 †deª“qvwi †_‡K 21 †deª“qvwi ch© š— P‡j‡Q| `y B wkíx gvngy `y j n‡Ki weg~ Z© ev¯— e Zvi †ivgvw›UwmR‡gi g~ Z©Zvi êmv`„k ¨c~Y © Mí e‡jb wkíx dwi`v Rvgvb| MZ 13 Rvbyqvwi †_‡K 26 Rvbyqvwi ch© š— GKB M¨vjvwi‡Z Ôwbiš—i gvwUi Uv‡bÕ (Bound to the soil) wk‡ivbv‡g GKK cÖ` k©b x‡Z GB wkíx‡K Av‡iv mg„ × Dcv‡q `k©K †`‡L‡Q| dwi`v Rvgv‡bi wkíKg© cÖK…Z A‡_©B ¯^KxqZv AR©b K‡i‡Q| `xN© w`b a‡i wZwb b`x, Rvj, gvQ, cvwL, weovjmn MÖ vgxY Rxebavivi Qwe Au vK‡Qb| evsjv‡`‡ki wPivqZ Kvwe¨K ¸Yvewji cÖKvk N‡U‡Q dwi`v Rvgv‡bi wP‡Î| Rjis gva¨‡gi †KŠk‡j is‡K ¯^vaxbfv‡e Qwo‡q †Ìqvi gva¨‡g †¯úm wefvRb wb‡q †Ljv ïi“ K‡ib wZwb| g~j PwiÎ ev †dvKvm †K‡›`ª cwiYZ nIqv dwi`v Rvgv‡bi Qwei GKwU êwkó¨| †iLv¸‡jv Q›`gq jxjvwqZ fv‡ei WªBs wbf© iZv ˆZwi K‡i‡Q| Zuvi m„ó Aeqe¸‡jv (gvbyl wKsev cïcvwL) IRbnxb nvIqvq fvmgvb GK `„ k¨vbyf~w Z m„w ó K‡i| wZwb `xN©w `b a‡i ÔmywdqvÕ wmwiR wb‡q KvR K‡i‡Qb| Ômyw dqvÕ wbæeMx©q bvixi AvL¨vb| evOvwj bvixi Mvn©¯’ ¨ Rxe‡bi m‡½ †cvlv weovj, cvwLi Dcw¯’ wZ mZ¨ GK ev¯—e Zv wbg©vY K‡i| Dò i‡Oi eënvi (jvj, njy`, Kgjv BZ¨vw`) mywdqvi Rxe‡bi myL , `ytL, ¯^cœ, ¯^cœf‡½i DòZv m„wó K‡i‡Q| ZvB Pvwg©s my wdqv Qwe‡Z evZv‡m Do‡Q my wdqvi Pz j, kvwoi AuvPj, my wdqv ¯^ ‡cœi Awfe¨w³gq Av‡e‡k ZvKv‡bv, †cQ‡b Kvke‡b evZv‡mi PjvPj| A¨vwµwjK gva¨‡gi GB QwewU 2009-G Au vKv| gvc 90 x 90 †mw›UwgUvi| weov‡ji Mjvi A¯^vfvweK j¤^v I Av‡qwkcbvi †cQ‡b gvQ aivi Rvj mn‡RB `„k¨Kí ˆZwi K‡i weov‡ji gvQ‡cÖg| †cÖ g nq b`x‡Z I Rv‡j| dwi`v Rvgvb †gNbv I WvKvwZqv b`x jv‡Mvqv †Rjv Puv`cy‡ ii †g‡q| b`x, Rj, Rvj Zu vi Qwe‡Z ZvB ¯§„ wZi †ivgš’ ‡b bZzb Avw½‡K G‡m‡Q| is †jc‡b Avav weg~Z©vqb N‡U‡Q wkíxi wbR¯^ X‡O| K¨vbfv‡mi wPÎZ‡j cÖvqB e„ ËvKvi W‡Ui eënvi Avwèvmx‡ì m‡PZb ex¶Y‡K mshy ³ K‡i‡Q| dwi`v Rvgvb 1953-†Z Rb¥MÖ nY K‡ib| 1974 mv‡j weGdG K‡ib XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Pvi“Kjv Aby l` †_‡K| 1978-G fvi‡Zi gnvivRv LvqvwRivI wek¦ we`¨vjq, e‡iv`v †_‡K GgGdG K‡ib| 1995-G wcGBPwW K‡ib wek¦f viZx kvwš—wb‡KZb, fviZ †_‡K| mvZwU GKKmn eû `je× cÖ`k© bx‡Z Ask wb‡”Qb m`v Kg©P Âj GB

Rjvf~wg-5 K¨vbfv‡m A¨vwµwjK, 2012

wkwki fÆvPvh© ¨

wkíx| Pvi“Kjv Aby l ‡` `xN© w`b wk¶KZv K‡i‡Qb| mgmvgwqK `yR b wkíx gvngy `yj nK I dwi`v Rvgvb Ges mgmvgwqK ev¯—e Zvq †_‡KI `„ k¨wk‡íi fvlvq K¨vbfv‡mi wØgvwÎK m¤¢ vebvgq G‡Kev‡i wecixZagx© êwkó¨¸Y| ˆjw½K êcixZÏ GKfv‡eB wkíx‡ì gvbwmK AwfÁZvi wPÎvqY NUvq wkíKg© m„wó‡Z| Ges GKwesk kZvãxi Î‡qv`k eQ‡i G‡m wPÎwkíÁv‡bi GB weweaZv Av‡iv wewPÎ I kw³kvjx Dcv‡q wbix¶vi ga¨ w`‡q m`v weKvkgvb cÖM wZkxjZvi w`‡K| wZb wkwki fÆvPv‡h© ï WªBs wb‡q GKK cÖ`k©bx Ô`vM-ZvgvkvÕ n‡q †Mj XvKv AvU© †m›Uv‡i| GKRb D”P KíbvcÖeY m„ Rbkxj gvby ‡li fvlvi †KŠkjMZ `¶Zvi mgwš^ Z Dc¯’vcb GB Ô`vM

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n‡q hvIqv weov‡ji gv_v †`Lv hvq Ii †c‡U| GB wewPÎ ms‡hvM, iƒcvš— i I †iLvi †MvjKau v av G mgv‡RiB Dc¯’vcb| wkwki fÆvPvh©¨ weL¨vZ GKRb KvUz© wb÷ wn‡m‡e| †`k, ivRbxwZ, A_©b xwZ wKsev Avš—R© vwZK A½‡bi mewKQy wkwki cvV K‡ib e‡jB wZwb wbg© vY K‡ib wb‡Ri kãgvjv| wkwk‡ii Qwei AmsL¨ PwiÎ GKwU GKwU ¸wQ‡q kã mvRv‡j KweZv nq| m`v Pjgvb wPÎc‡U i‡q‡Q †QvUM‡íi ¸Y-ˆewkó¨, †hb †Kv‡bv †kl †bB| GKB m‡½ cÖw Zev`, †cÖ g, hš¿Y v, nvwmi †LvivK we`¨gvb| G mg‡qi GKRb mvgwMÖK gvby‡ li Rxe‡bi wewfbœ ch© v‡qi DÌvb-cZb, mskq-wbf©q iPbv K‡i‡Qb wkwki m‡PZbfv‡eB| Zuvi wØgvwÎK Z‡ji Wª Bs¸‡jv wÎgvwÎKZv †c‡q‡Q Nb I fvwi kw³kvjx †iLvq| wkwki fÆvPv‡h©¨i wPÎfvlv m‡e© vcwi

ev¯— eZvi m‡½ †h m¤úK© ¯’vcb Ki‡Q Zv A‡bKUvB mgv‡jvPbvg~j K iƒc D`& NvUb K‡i| ¯^ q swµqfv‡e Ôg¨vwRK wiqvwjR‡gÕi m‡½I NwbôZv ˆZwi n‡q‡Q| myZivs wkíxi A‡bK K_v ejvi cÖe YZv kã-evK¨wenxb Av‡iKwU fvlv gva¨‡g wM‡q eûgvwÎK Pwi‡Îi Øvi D‡b¥vPb K‡i‡Q, mewKQy wgwj‡q Ô`vM-ZvgvkvÕ‡K mvgvwRK ev¯— e Zvi DcKiY ejv †h‡Z cv‡i| KviY †fvMev`x GB mg‡qi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z wkwki fÆvPv‡h©¨i mgvb j‡qi WªBs¸‡jv gvby‡ li PP©vi †fZi †_‡K µgvš^ ‡q nvwi‡q hvIqv wKš‘ mvejxj ¯^vfvweK mvgwMÖ K DbœZ Rxe‡bi cÖ wZ Zvgvkvi iƒcB D`&NvUb Ki‡Q| wkwki fÆvPvh© ¨ 1960 mv‡j VvKz iMu vI‡q Rb¥MÖn Y K‡ib| eZ© gv‡b XvKv wek¦w e`¨vj‡qi Pvi“Kjv Aby l‡` wk¶K wn‡m‡e Kg©iZ| cÖ `k©b xwU P‡j 14 †_‡K 24 gvP© ch© š—| 

wcKv‡mvi m‡½ wKQy¶Y Av ey j †gv ‡g b

Z eQi RyjvB gv‡m w`bK‡q‡Ki R‡b¨ wM‡qwQjvg KvbvWv| hy³ivóª I KvbvWv `yw`K †_‡K bvqvMÖv RjcÖcv‡Zi Af‚Zc~e© me `„k¨ hZUv m¤¢e Dc‡fvM K‡i †cuŠ‡Q hvB Ui‡›Uv kn‡i Ñ †m‡`‡k evOvwj‡ì me‡P‡q eo NuvwU| Avgv‡ì `‡j †`‡ki L¨vwZgvb elx©qvb wkíx KvBqyg †PŠayix wQ‡jb, wQ‡jb Zuvi ¯¿x Zv‡niv Lvbg, Avi †e½j AvU© M¨vjvwii KvÊvwi myexi †PŠayix| d‡j AvU© M¨vjvwi †`Lvi Drmvn Avgv‡ì Av‡iv †e‡o †Mj| †mŠfvMëkZ ZLb Ui‡›Uvi me‡P‡q eo M¨vjvwi AGO ev AvU© M¨vjvwi Ae A›UvwiI‡Z PjwQj cve‡jv wcKv‡mvi GK e¨wZµgx wiUªm‡cw±f| A¨v‡Mv Ges c¨vwi‡mi gy¨wR b¨vkbvj wcKv‡mvi †hŠ_ D‡`¨v‡M Av‡qvwRZ G-cÖ`k©bxi wk‡ivbvg Ñ wcKv‡mv : gv÷viwc‡mR d«g `¨ gy¨wR b¨vkbvj wcKv‡mv, c¨vwim| cÖ`k©bx P‡j‡Q MZ eQi 1 †g †_‡K AvM‡÷i 26 ZvwiL ch©š|— Avgiv cÖ`k©bx †`wL 13 RyjvB| `yB wcKv‡mv wb‡R iwmKZv K‡i ej‡Zb Ñ AvwgB njvg mvivwe‡k¦ wcKv‡mvi wkíK‡g©i me‡P‡q eo msMÖvnK| mvZ eQi eqm †_‡K Qwe AuvKv ïi“ K‡iwQ‡jb| †m wnmv‡e `xN© cuPvwk eQi a‡i KvR K‡i‡Qb| wKš‘ cÖPzi AuvK‡jI wcKv‡mv Qwe wewµ Ki‡Zb Kg, eÜz‡ì we‡jv‡ZI K…cYZv wQj, Avi cÖ`k©bxi R‡b¨ avi †Ìqv wQj Zuvi AcQ‡›ì KvR| g„Z¨z i c‡i †`Lv †Mj, Zuvi wewfbœ ÷zwWI‡Z cÖvq mËi nvRvi KvR Av‡Q| Zuvi A‡bK¸‡jv

Rvbvjvi av‡i e‡m Av‡Q, 1937

Amgvß, †ek wKQy wQj eo Kv‡Ri bvbv As‡ki Lmov| wZwb gviv hvb 1973 mv‡j weivbeŸB eQi eq‡m| 1978 mv‡j Zuvi DËivwaKvixiv wcKv‡mvi e¨w³MZ msMÖnkvjv †_‡K `yB jvL msMÖn iv‡óªi nv‡Z Zz‡j †`b fv‡jvfv‡e msi¶‡Yi Avkvq| G‡Z Zuvi wPwVc‡Îi wek nvRvi cvÊywjwc, GMv‡iv nvRvi cwÎKv KvwUs, c‡b‡iv nvRv‡ii †ewk Av‡jvKwPÎ wQj| 1986 mv‡j R¨vKzwjb wcKv‡mvi g„Zzï c‡i Zuvi Kb¨v Av‡iv cÖPzi wkíKg© `vb K‡ib G msMÖ‡n| 1985 mv‡j ZLb ch©š— cÖvß msMÖn †_‡K evQvB K‡i divwm miKvi c¨vwi‡mi weL¨vZ †nv‡Uj mv‡j‡Z M‡o †Zv‡jb gy¨wR wcKv‡mv| eZ©gv‡b G-Rv`yN‡i i‡q‡Q wcKv‡mvi cuvP nvRvi D‡jL‡hvM¨ KvR| GQvov wcKv‡mvi msMÖ‡n _vKv Ab¨ eo wkíx‡ì KvR Av‡Q bqki g‡Zv| Gme wkíxi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Qb K‡iv, Kzi‡e, fzBqv`©, †`Mv, †mRvb, myïvU, †i‡bvqv, gvwZm, eªvK cÖgy‡Li g‡Zv weL¨vZ me c~e©m~wi I mgKvjxb wkíx| A¨v‡Mv‡Z Avgv‡ì †`Lv cÖ`k©bx mvRv‡bv n‡q‡Q GK‡kv cÂvkwU wkíKg© wb‡q| Zv‡Z wQj wPÎKjv, fv¯‹h© I wiwjd, wcÖ›U I Wªwqs Ges GQvov wQj ev‡ivwU AjsK…Z eB Ges weivwkwU Av‡jvKwPÎ, hvi g‡a¨ PzqvwjkwU wcKv‡mvi †Zvjv Ges Ab¨vb¨ Av‡jvKwPÎxi g‡a¨ Pjw”PÎKvi-bvU¨Kvi Ruv KK‡Zv I wcKv‡mvi civev¯—eev`x evÜex †Wviv gv‡ii bvg we‡klfv‡e D‡jL Ki‡Z nq| wZb

†m‡jw÷bv K¨vbfv‡m ˆZjwPÎ, 1904

d«uv‡mvqv wR‡jv Zuvi jvBd DB_ wcKv‡mv eB‡Z wcKv‡mvi eivZ w`‡q wj‡L‡Qb Ñ ÔwKQy gvbyl †hfv‡e AvZ¥Rxebx †j‡L, Avwg †mfv‡eB Qwe AuvwK| AuvKv †kl †nvK ev Amgvß _vKzK, Qwe¸‡jv Avgvi Wv‡qwii cvZv, Avi ZvB G¸‡jvi êaZv wb‡q cÖkœ †bB|Õ K_v †kLvi Av‡M AuvK‡Z wk‡L‡Qb wZwb, †bnv‡qZ evj¨ eq‡m ixwZg‡Zv `¶ wkíxi ˆbcy‡Y¨ Qwe Gu‡K‡Qb| Avi wZwik eQ‡i †cuŠQy‡Z †cuŠQy‡Z wek¦ wkíKjvi ivRavbx c¨vwi‡m mvov †d‡j †`b| †Kvb Qwe wU‡K _vK‡e †m fvi wcKv‡mv AbvMZKv‡ji wkíiwmK‡ì Ici †Q‡o w`‡q‡Qb| wKQyB †dj‡Z Pvbwb, weL¨vZ Qwei cÖv_wgK Lmov, eo Kv‡Ri Askwe‡k‡li Lmov, gvSc‡_ †Q‡o †Ìqv KvR, Amgvß KvR wKQyB †hb d¨vjbv bq| wb‡Ri cÖwZ †hgb †Zgwb wb‡Ri Kv‡Ri cÖwZ Avmw³ wQj Aek¨B, AvZ¥wek¦vmI wQj cÖej, Avi nq‡Zv ZvB wkíiwmK‡ì Ici wePv‡ii fvi meUv †Q‡o w`‡Z †c‡i‡Qb Abvqv‡m| me iKg cÖfve AvZ¥mvr K‡i‡Qb mn‡RB, G‡Ki ci GK w`Mš— D‡b¥vPb K‡i Ggb bZzb me ˆkjx m„wó K‡i‡Qb, hv AvaywbK wk‡íi MwZc_ cvj‡U w`‡q‡Q| AvZ¥m‡PZb cÖwZfvevb wkíx gn‡Ë¡i c‡_ wb‡Ri c_ wb‡RB †K‡U‡Qb| wcKv‡mv kvixwiK-gvbwmK Dfq w`K †_‡KB wQ‡jb ewjô gvbyl, A_©vr Zuvi g‡a¨ wbwnZ `ye©jZvi Drm †`Lv hvq bv| Avcb †Lqv‡j Avcb MwZ‡Z P‡j‡Qb wZwb| Zv‡Z A‡bK mgq cv‡ki gvbyl, wbKURb D‡cw¶Z n‡q‡Qb, Ab¨vh¨ K‡Vvi AvPi‡Yi wkKvi n‡q‡Qb| RxebiwmK m„wókxj gvbylwUi †Kv‡bv c~e©ms¯‹vi wKsev AÜwek¦vm wQj bv| Zuvi gw¯—®‹ I nƒ`q eivei

†i‡L‡Qb, Avwd«Kvi Avw`g wk‡íi mvij¨ I kw³ cQ›` K‡i‡Qb, AvB‡ewiqvb fv¯‹‡h©i AvK©vBK dg© †_‡K wb‡q‡Qb| BZvwji GUªy¯‹vb †iLwPÎ‰kjx‡Z gMœ n‡q‡Qb| wKš‘ wcKv‡mvi ¶gZv GZ wecyj, `¶Zv GZ wbcyY Ges Kíbvi MwZwewa GZ wewPÎMvgx †h AvnƒZ me mÂqB Zuvi ¯^Kxq êwk‡ó¨ gwÊZ n‡q cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| m„wói KZ ce© Zuvi Ñ bxj, †Mvjvwc, wKDweRg, Zvi Avevi iKg‡di, †KvjvR fv¯‹h©m`„k Aeq‡e Aaybv-aª“c`x ixwZ, Awfe¨w³ev`x bvbv iƒcvš—i-DËiY †_‡K †cuŠ‡Q hvb gvbeRxeb I mgKvjxb we‡k¦i RwUj Ave‡Z©| `ytmvnmx bvweK †hb Rxe‡bi †dwbj N~Y©ve‡Z© cvwo Rwg‡q‡Qb Ñ Gi msMÖvg Ges msMÖv‡gi wbh©vm mZ¨ Ges D‡š§l †mŠ›`h©‡K Luy‡R †ei Kivi eªZ wb‡q| bv, wcKv‡mvi Kv‡Q wPÎKjv †Kv‡bv bv›`wbK AwfhvÎv bq| eis G n‡jv GB A™¢zZ, weiƒc c„w_exi m‡½ ga¨¯’Zvi gva¨‡g AwR©Z AwfÁZvi Rv`yKix cÖKvk| Zuvi Qwe‡Z bvUKxqZv I msMÖv‡gi Qvc †ewk, jvwjZ¨ ev †gvnbxq iƒ‡ci wø»Zv Kg| Avi RxebmsMÖv‡gi bvUKxqZvq wb‡Ri f‚wgKv memgqB G‡m hvq, ZvB wcKv‡mvi fvÊv‡i wd‡i wd‡i R‡g‡Q bvbv eq‡mi bvbv X‡Oi bvbvb Zvrc‡h©i AvZ¥cÖwZK…wZ Ges RxebmsMÖv‡gi Askx`vi Zuvi bvix‡ì cÖwZK…wZ| Pvi A¨v‡Mvi wØZxq Zjvi mvZwU K‡¶ cÖ`k©bxwU mvRv‡bv n‡q‡Q| GQvov A¨v‡Mvi wbR¯^ msMÖ‡ni Av‡iv wKQy Avbylw½K KvR cÖ_g Zjvi bvbv K‡¶ Qov‡bv wQj| GLv‡b cÖ`wk©Z n‡”Q g~jZ g„Zzï c‡i Zuvi evwo‡Z I ÷zwWI‡Z cvIqv Amgvß KvR, eo I weL¨vZ Qwei cÖ_g LmovB †ewk| cÖ_g K‡¶ wQj 19001905-G AuvKv Qwe, wk‡ivbvg : Ô†¯úb †_‡K c¨vwimÕ| Dwbk eQi eq‡m wek¦R‡qi AvKv•¶v wb‡q wek¦wk‡íi ivRavbx c¨vwi‡m nvwRi n‡qwQ‡jb wn¯úvwb wPÎwkíx-wcZvi mš—vb cve‡jv i“BR wcKv‡mv (1881-1973)| GLv‡b G‡m B‡¤úÖkwbRg, †cv÷-B‡¤úÖkwbRg Ges wm¤^wjRg Nivbvi †PŠKm me Qwe †`‡L Zi“‡Yi †PvL Ly‡j hvq, AbycÖvwYZ nb Pvi“wk‡íi P¨v‡jÄ MÖnY Kivi R‡b¨| G mgq ev‡m©‡jvbvc¨vwi‡m †hgb †QvUvQywU Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q, †Zgwb Qwei g‡bvgZ ˆkjxi †Luv‡RI Zrci _vK‡Z n‡q‡Q Zuv‡K| †kl ch©š— 1904 mv‡j c¨vwi‡m w_Zz n‡Z n‡Z Zuvi weL¨vZ bxj c‡e©i m~Pbv I mgvwß N‡U| AvaywbK gnvbMixi cÖvwš—K gvby‡li wNwÄ Rxeb Avi DÃe„wËi AwfÁZv Zuvi ˆK‡kv‡ii †Lvjv-cÖvš—‡ii ¯§„wZi cvZvq a~mi-bxj i‡O K‡ói Awfe¨w³ n‡q dz‡U DV‡Z †P‡q‡Q| G mg‡q cwZZv, M„nnxb, `wi`ª kÖgRxex‡ì Gu‡K‡Qb wZwb| GB K‡¶ gb Kvovi g‡Zv Qwe wQj 1904 mv‡j K¨vbfv‡m †Zji‡O AuvKv †m‡jw÷bv ev GKP¶z igYx| mgv‡Ri mvaviY D‡cw¶Zv bvixi e¨w³Z¡gqx Dc¯’vcbv wcKv‡mvi RbgyLx g‡bi cwiPq Zz‡j a‡i| 1904-Gi c‡i wcKv‡mvi Qwe‡Z welYœ Aven KvU‡Z _v‡K| mvK©vm Avi w_‡qUv‡ii ms¯ú‡k© G‡m Zuvi g‡bvRM‡Z J¾¡‡jï QUv jv‡M| †Mvjvwc Avi †g‡Vv L‡qwi i‡Oi cÖfve evo‡Q GLb| Zuvi †Mvjvwc ce© ïi“ nq G mgq| wØZxq K¶wU‡Z 1906-1909-G AuvKv Qwe wQj, †hLv‡b

†envjv-wbg©vY : fuvR Kiv avZe cvZ I is Kiv Zvi, 1915

mPj, bZzbZ¡ I cwieZ©bgyLx wQj| Rxe‡b Ges m„R‡b wZwb bvUKxqZv, MwZkxjZv, euvK cwieZ©b Dc‡fvM Ki‡Zb| Zv‡Z evievi bZzb m¤ú‡K© Rwo‡q‡Qb, cwievi †f‡O †M‡Q, mš—vbivI D‡c¶v-eÂbvi cvÎ n‡q‡Q| me©kw³ wZwb wewb‡qvM K‡i‡Qb Qwei Kv‡R| wZwb e‡j‡Qb, Qwei R‡b¨ Avwg evwK mewKQy wemR©b w`‡Z cvwi, GgbwK wb‡R‡KI| mËi eQ‡ii wmwiqvm wkíx-Rxe‡b wcKv‡mv cÖvq mv‡o wZb nvRvi K¨vbfv‡m Qwe Gu‡K‡Qb| Avgiv Rvwb, wcZ…f‚wg wn¯úvwb c~em© ~wi‡`i cÖwZ Zuvi Mfxi AbyivM wQj, Gi evB‡i divwm wkíx cj †mRvb‡K Zuvi wb‡Ri Abb¨ ¸i“i m¤§vb w`‡q‡Qb, e‡j‡Qb Ñ He was my only, my unique master. f¨vb M‡Ni Zzwji AuvP‡oi cÖwZ j¶

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Mv‡Qi wb‡P wZbRb ˆZjwPÎ, 1907-08

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wcKv‡mvi luvo GKB m‡½ kw³ I f½yiZvi cÖZxK| G mg‡q Kiv Zuvi weL¨vZ †eªvÄ fv¯‹h© †fovi mv‡_ gvbyl gvby‡li cÖvYkw³ I f½yiZvi †gv¶g cÖZxK| mßg K‡¶ Av‡Q 1950 †_‡K 1972 ch©š— †kl `yB `k‡Ki KvR| G mgq wZwb _v‡Kb †iŠ`ªøvZ D¾¡j `w¶Y d«v‡Ý| eÜz Auwi gvwZ‡mi cÖfv‡e †hb wZwbI Qwe‡Z iwOb I Avb‡›`v¾¡j n‡q DV‡jb| mgKvjxb wkíx‡`i g‡a¨ GKgvÎ gvwZm‡KB wcKv‡mv wb‡Ri mgK¶ g‡b Ki‡Zb| G mg‡q Avevi wKDweR‡g wd‡i‡Qb| Zuvi ¯^‡`wk ¸i“ †`jv‡µvqv, †fjvR‡Kv‡qR Ges divwm gv‡bi Øviv AbycÖvwYZ n‡q Zuv‡`i Kv‡Ri Ab¨Zi iƒc Gu‡K wZwb †hb kÖ×v Rvbv‡bvi cvkvcvwk wPÎKi wn‡m‡e BwZnv‡m wb‡Ri Ae¯’vb wbwðZ I cvKv‡cv³ K‡i wb‡jb| G K‡¶ 1969 mv‡j AuvKv Pz¤^b Avi 1956 mv‡ji K¨vwjdwb©i ÷zwWI wk‡ivbv‡gi †Zji‡Oi Qwe `ywU A‡bK¶Y

luv‡oi jovB Kv‡Vi UzK‡ivq ˆZjwPÎ, 1933

†`L‡Z nq| Pz¤^b Qwe‡Z wekvj `ywU gyL Ñ `vwo I †U‡Kv gv_vi Avoó gyLUvq cÖej Avm³ Pz¤^‡b bvixi Mfxi Z…wßi cÖKvk `k©K‡K Avevi Ges evievi †`L‡Z I fvev‡Z eva¨ K‡i| mvZwU K¶ Ny‡i hv‡ì Z…òv Av‡iv evo‡e Zv‡ì R‡b¨ A¨v‡Mv KZ…©c¶ wb‡R‡ì msMÖ‡ni Qwe I WKz‡g›U w`‡q mvwR‡q‡Qb wcKv‡mv hvÎv| †j‡fj-1-G wewfbœ K‡¶ G¸‡jv kbv³ Kiv Av‡Q| GLv‡b Zuvi cÖ_g Rxe‡bi QwU wcÖ›U I Wªwqs w`‡q hvÎv ïi“ Ki“b| Zvici bxj c‡e©i Ô†mjvBiZ bvixÕ, Ôdvb©v‡›ì cÖwZK…wZÕ, wb‡Ri I IjMv Ges Zuv‡ì mš—vb cvI‡jv‡K wb‡q wÎg~wZ© BZ¨vwì m‡½ Av‡Q Avwd«Kv I cÖkvš— gnvmvMixq Øx‡ci †hme wkímvgMÖx wcKv‡mv‡K AbycÖvwYZ K‡iwQj †mm‡ei wKQy bgybv| Zuvi m„wói Zzjbvq G cÖ`k©bx mvgvb¨B| wKš‘ wcKv‡mvi

QvMj †eªvÄ, 1950

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A‡š^lY I wbg©v‡Yi wbiš—i cvV †mŠ wg K b ›`x g Ry g `v i

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†gjv 1956

cÙ Avi MvQ-2 2011

Ki‡jb Ñ GK Awfbe AvZ¥Rxebx| wbg©vY I wewbg©v‡Yi †KŠk‡j wkíx DwV‡q Avb‡jb A‡bK m~Î, †g‡j ai‡jb bvbvb gva¨g, cÖKiY I ˆkjx msewjZ wewPÎ GK wekvj K¨vbfvm| c~e©vci cÖ`k©bxi GKUv eo mywe‡a GB †h, wkíx‡K cvIqv hvq Zuvi hvÎvc‡_| Zv‡K †`L‡Z cvIqv hvq †mB hvÎvc‡_i wewfbœ euv‡K I †PŠiv¯—vq| GKwbô †mB wkíx‡K ZLb aiv hvq Zuvi wkíxRxe‡bi K‡qKwU ¸i“Z¡c~ Y © wm×v‡š—i gy n~ ‡Z© , w`M&cvjUv‡bv msK‡U, Zuvi Aw¯’iZvq I Zuvi GKvMÖ AbymÜv‡b Ñ †Kej mdjZviB wkL‡i bq| wkíx-gvby l‡K GBfv‡e †`L‡Z cvIqvi my‡hvMB n‡jv GB cÖ`k©bxi me‡P‡q eo cÖvwß| ch©vqµ‡g Zuvi Rxe‡bi bvbvb avc Ñ †hgb c~e© evsjvq (Aaybv evsjv‡`k) dwi`cyi †Rjvi Xnicvov MÖv‡g 1939 mv‡j Rb¥MÖnY I Rxe‡bi cÖ_g AvU eQi AwZevwnZ K‡i 1947-Gi †`kfv‡Mi av°vq wQbœg~j n‡q KjKvZvi K‡jvwb‡Z AvKv‡ji w`bhvcb; AvU© K‡j‡R cÖ‡ek I wkí-ms¯‹…wZi GK wekvj w`Mš— D‡b¥vPb; mgmvgwqK mvgvwRK I ivR‰bwZK Aw¯’iZvi

cvZv 1955

¯^‡cœi ¯§„wZ-5 1969

wRwg †nbwWªK&m jÛb, 1968

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welv` I †KŠZzK wgwkÖZ GK Mvpn¯— †PZbvi Aš—jx©b cÖKvk, ZZUvB †hb fviZxq AvaywbK wPÎfvlvi GK Aš—gy©Lx Lbb| wkíxi GB Awfgy‡Li K_v e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z wM‡q wkímgv‡jvPK Ai“Y †mb †j‡Lb, Ôwkíx †hv‡Mb †PŠayixi g‡b †h K_vUv G mg‡q Lye †Rviv‡jv n‡q †`Lv w`j, Zv n‡”Q; G‡`‡ki gvbyl †hfv‡e e‡m, `uvovq, ï‡q _v‡K, Zv †Zv Ab¨ †`‡ki g‡Zv bq KL‡bvB| BD‡ivcxqiv UvbUvb K‡i e‡m, Avgv‡`i †`‡ki emvi g‡a¨ _v‡K wkw_jZv| ... Gi ga¨ †_‡KB Mo‡bi GKUv ¯^vZš¿¨ I wbw`©óZv m¤ú‡K© aviYvi Rb¥ nq| Avjv`v Mob,

cyZzj †Ljv 1958

Avjv`v PwiÎ|Õ GB AbymwÜrmvi djvdj Ñ e‡µvw³, †kl, Pwi‡Îi ˆelg¨ I kvixwiK AmvgÄm¨ Ñ cÖvwZôvwbK wk¶vq cÖvß Ôev¯—em¤§ZÕ iƒcvq‡Yi fvlvi wecixZ †gi“‡Z †cuŠQ‡jb wkíx| cÖwZôv‡bi cÖwZ¯úax© GB fvlv Avm‡j †h Avµg‡Yi †KŠkj bq, ev¯—‡ei ms‡e‡` nvZ †i‡L cÖvwZôvwbK †Niv‡Uvc AwZµ‡gi fvlv, Zvi wkKo †h Pvwi‡q _v‡K nvZ-gb-†PvL GB wZb ms‡hv‡Mi wbiš—i †hvMv‡hv‡Mi PP©vq, KewRi Dr‡Kw›`ªK Avùvj‡b bq Ñ GB evZ©v wk¶v_x©‡`i Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q †`q GB cÖ`k©bx| KjKvZvi Mfb© ‡g›U AvU© K‡j‡Ri `vwqZ¡kxj

bvix 1961

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bvixi cÖwZK…wZ 2006

†Nvovi gv_v 2001

Kwe kw³ P‡Ævcva¨vq 1964

†hv‡Mb †PŠayixi Qwe‡Z Kvwj-Kjg I KvUvKzwUi g‡Zv ms‡e`bkxj †iLvq gvbeRxe‡bi †h wPÎY, Kv‡jv c‡Ui †h ˆbe©¨w³K AvwacZ¨, ˆbivk¨ I gvay‡h©i †h Af~Zc~e© Øvw›ØK mnve¯’vb, ev¯—‡ei †PZbvq ¯^cœ I Ae‡PZ‡bi †h ˆbk nvbv, ¯§„wZ †g`yiZvi m‡½ cÖLi mgKvjxbZvi †h mgš^q, AvaywbK ms‡e`‡bi m‡½ cyivKv‡ji Qwei †h Bw›`ªqRvZ m¤úK© Ñ GB cÖ‡ Z¨KwU ˆewkó¨B wkíxi `xN© hvÎvc‡_ AvüZ, AwR©Z cyi¯‹vi| Av‡jvwPZ cÖ`k©bx‡Z wkíxRxe‡bi cÖwZwU avcB †hb G‡KKwU m¤cÖmviY| cÖwZwU ch©v‡qi g‡a¨ j¶ Kiv hvq cieZx© ch© v‡qi, A_ev Av‡iv A‡bK eQi c‡ii †Kv‡bv Dcjä ˆkwíK †PZbvi j¶Y| cÖ`k©bx‡Z Qwe¸‡jv A‡bKUvB µgch©vq Abymv‡i mvRv‡bv _vK‡jI Kvjvbyµ‡gi AvwacZ¨ Kg, eis KL‡bv KL‡bv GKB ai‡bi ev GKB wel‡qi Aš—fy©³ Qwe KvQvKvwQ _vKvi d‡j

wkíxi cÖeYZvi eûgyLx iƒc ¯úó n‡q I‡V| `k©‡Ki c‡¶I myweav nq, Av‡M-c‡ii Qwe Ny‡iwd‡i †`Lvi| K‡jRRxe‡bi †k‡li w`‡K Kiv wkqvj`v †÷k‡b `wi`ª DØv¯‘‡`i Qwe Ges Zvi wVK cieZx©Kv‡j wewfbœ gva¨‡g Avi ˆkjx‡Z AuvKv bRiKvov cÖw ZK… wZ¸‡jvi g‡a¨ †Ui cvIqv hvq cÖvwZôvwbK Wªwqs‡qi mxgve×Zv j•Nb Kivi cÖ‡Póv| †hv‡Mb †PŠayixi K_vq, ÔAvgvi A¨vKv‡WwgK PP©vi g‡a¨B wQj Zvi †_‡K †ewi‡q Avmvi cÖeYZv| wb‡Ri †cv‡Uª©U Ki‡Z wM‡q †`‡LwQ †h †cb †cbwmj Zzwji e¨enviB e`‡j hv‡”Q Awfe¨w³ dzw U‡q Zzj‡Z wM‡q| Pvcv DrKÉv, †Ubkb, UvbUvb `„wó, GmeB NU‡Q Wªwqs wb‡q cix¶v-wbix¶vi d‡j, Avevi Ab¨w`K †_‡K fve‡j Av_©- mvgvwRK Ae¯’vi c‡iv¶ Qvc wM‡q co‡Q †mB gyL¸‡jv‡Z|Õ Zuvi weL¨vZ KvUvKzwUi ey‡bvU ev µm-n¨vwPs †h nVvr K‡i m„ó †Kv‡bv †UKwbK bq, ZvI cÖgvwYZ nq c~e©eZx©

Avgvi eDw`i cÖwZK…wZ 1958

¯^‡cœi ¯§„wZ 1969

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W. GwiK DBwjqvgm

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wm÷vMW

`„‡kï GKwU †Zvjv n‡q‡Q dzUcvZ †_‡K| cvk w`‡q †nu‡U-hvIqv c_Pvixiv †d«‡gi g‡a¨ Avm‡Q Avi K¨v‡givi w`‡K ZvKv‡”Q Ñ A‡bKUv eyb‡y q‡ji Qwei ¯^wcœj †Kv‡bv `„‡kï gZb| RvZxq Pjw”P‡Î, i‡Oi eënviI mgvb ¸i“Z¡cY~ |© †Rv‡q‡ej A¨vÛ Av‡gwiKv Qwe‡Z, cwiPvjK jvf‡jm MvQcvjv-dzjjZvcvZvi bvbv i‡Oi mcÖwZf eënv‡ii gva¨‡g GKiKg Av”QbœAv‡ek ˆZwi K‡ib| ØxcwU Avm‡jB KZUv my›ì, `k©K G-Qwe‡Z KLbB Zv fy‡j _vK‡Z cv‡i bv| wgw÷K g¨vmyï Qwei `„k¨c‡U wÎwb`v‡ì cÖvK…wZK Aven‡K Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q : K¨v‡givi †d«g †_‡K-†_‡KB f‡i I‡V MvQcvjv, euvkSvo, cvgMvQ Avi Av‡Li †L‡Zi g‡bvig mey‡R| BqvI iv‡gmvi 1996 mv‡j ÔK¨vwiexqKiY : mvs¯‹…wZK Avek¨KxqZv Ges Pjw”PÎ ˆZwi‡Z cÖhyw³Õ wk‡ivbv‡gi GKwU wbeÜ †j‡Lb| G wbe‡Ü wZwb e‡jb, Pjw”P‡Îi cÖhyw³i D™¢veb n‡q‡Q cwðgv †`k¸‡jvi mvs¯‹…wZK Ave‡n, ZvB we‡`wk GB cÖhyw³‡Z K¨vwiexq Pjw”PÎKvi‡ì †`kxq †Quvqv Avb‡Z n‡e|21 Zuvi e³e¨‡K cÖwZwôZ Ki‡Z iv‡gmvi hyw³ †`Lvb †h, Pjw”P‡Îi cÖ_g w`KKvi cÖhyw³i gva¨‡g Kv‡jv gvbyl‡ì Pvgovi is‡K K¨v‡givq wVKfv‡e aiv †hZ bv, GgbwK DògÊjxq AvenvIqvq IB cÖhyw³ fv‡jvfv‡e KvRB KiZ bv| GRb¨, wZwb Dc‡`k †`b, Pjw”PÎ-wbg©vZv‡ì cÖhyw³MZ mxgve×Zv †_‡K †ewi‡q Avm‡Z n‡e, Avi cÖvK…wZK Av‡jvi eënvi‡K Av‡iv †ewk ¸i“Z¡ w`‡Z n‡e| †jLvwUi †k‡l, wZwb Avkvev` e¨³ K‡ib, K¨vwiexq PwiÎ I Aven‡K dzwU‡q †Zvjvi Dc‡hvMx cÖhyw³ fwel¨‡Z M‡o DV‡e| wbeÜwU‡Z wÎwb`v‡ì GB Pjw”PÎ-wbg©vZvi gb-gvbm I bv›`wbK-fvebv PgrKvi dz‡U D‡V‡Q| Avi iv‡gmv‡ii wm÷vMW Qwe‡Z GBme a¨vbaviYvi ev¯—e cÖ‡qvM †`L‡Z cvB Avgiv| G-Qwe‡Z K…wÎg Av‡jvi eënvi †bB ej‡jB P‡j| QwewUi AmvaviY GK `„k¨ : gvwii Ôf‚ZÕ Zvov‡bv n‡q‡Q, †m my¯’ n‡q DV‡Q, Avi IB mg‡q Ôf‚‡Z-cvIqvÕ †g‡qwUi gyL †_‡K Av‡jv wVK‡i †ei n‡”Q| GB `„‡kï iƒcvq‡Y, Avðh©RbKfv‡e, wmwRAvB ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv ÔnvB‡UKÕ cÖhyw³i mvnvh¨ †bIqv nqwb| iv‡gmvi †g‡qwUi gy‡L ïay avZe GKUv gy`ªv †i‡L w`‡qwQ‡jb, Avi A‡c¶v K‡i wQ‡jb, KLb †mB gy`ªvi Ici m~‡h©i Av‡jv G‡m co‡e| weZi‡Yi mgm¨vi †gvKvwejv : fwel¨‡Zi Avkv m¤cÖwZ wÎwb`v` I †Uvev‡Mvi Pjw”PÎwk‡í cÖv‡Yi bZzb †Rvqvi G‡m‡Q| Gi †cQ‡b i‡q‡Q wÎwb`v` I †Uvev‡Mv wdj¥ †Kv¤úvwb (wUwUGd‡Kv) bv‡gi cÖwZôvbwUi Avwef©ve| GB cÖwZôvbwUB wm÷vMW Avi †Rv‡q‡ej A¨vÛ Av‡gwiKv Qwe `ywU wbg©v‡Y A_© mvnvh¨ w`‡q‡Q| wUwUGd‡Kv GKwU RvZxq ms¯’v; Pjw”PÎwk‡íi Dbœq‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨B G-ms¯’vwU 1996 mv‡j cÖwZôv Kiv nq| ms¯’vwUi `vwqZ¡ : we‡`wk Qwei wbg©v‡Y KvwiMwi I Ab¨vb¨ mvnvh¨ †Ìqv Avi GKB m‡½ ¯’vbxq Pjw”PÎ-wbg©vY‡K bvbvfv‡e Drmvn †RvMv‡bv I mvnvh¨ Kiv| Pjw”P‡Îi weZiYeë¯’v‡K DbœZ K‡i †Zvjvi bZzb-bZzb m¤¢vebvI †`Lv hv‡”Q| 2010 mv‡ji †g gv‡m, K¨vwiweqvb †Ujm Iqvì©I qvBW wWw÷ªweDkb (wmwUWvweD wW) bv‡g Pjw”PÎ-weZi‡Yi Avš—R©vwZK GK †Kv¤úvwb MVb Kiv nq|

Bs‡iwRfvlx K¨vwiexq AÂ‡j, K¨vwiexq wel‡qi Ici wbwg©Z Pjw”PÎ weZi‡Yi Rb¨, Ggb cÖwZôvb G-B cÖ_g| GB †Kv¤úvwbi cÖwZôvZv Ñ wÎwb`v‡ì Pjw”PÎKvi d«v‡Ým m‡jvgb| wÎbev‡Mvbxq Pjw”P‡Îi ÔWvqvm‡cvivÕi Ask wZwb : KvR ïi“ K‡iwQ‡jb cÖ_‡g weª‡U‡b; Avi GLb KvR Ki‡Qb KvbvWvq| Z‡e eZ©gv‡b, wmwUWweDwW wew”Qbœfv‡e Qwei weZiY bv-K‡i ms¯’vwfwËK weZi‡Yi m‡½ RwoZ| d‡j wÎwb`v‡ì mvaviY `k©K‡ì Rb¨ Gme Qwe †`Lv wKQyUv `ytmva¨ n‡q c‡o‡Q| weZi‡Yi mbvZbx cš’vi cwie‡Z©, †Uwjwfk‡b m¤cÖÖPv‡ii gva¨‡g ¯’vbxqfv‡e wbwg©Z Qwe¸‡jv mvaviY `k©‡Ki Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q †Ìqv hvq| †Uwjwfk‡bi Rb¨ wbwg©Z Qwe †Rv‡q‡ej A¨vÛ Av‡gwiKv Zvi fv‡jv D`vniY|  Z_¨wb‡`©k [wbe‡Üi g~j UxKvi cvkvcvwk, GLv‡b, evowZ wKQy UxKv Ges g~j UxKvi m‡½ evowZ wKQy Ask hy³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| g~j UxKvi m‡½ mshy³ evowZ Ask Ges AwZwi³ UxKv¸wj Z…Zxq eÜbxi g‡a¨ †Ìqv n‡jv| Ñ Abyev`K] 1. [CARICOM]; K¨vwiK‡gi m`m¨ †`k¸‡jv n‡”Q : A¨vw›U¸qv I evieyWv, evnvgv ØxccyÄ, eve©v‡Wvm, †ewjR †WvwgwbKv, †MÖbvWv, Mvqvbv, nvBwZ, R¨vgvBKv, g›U‡mivU, †m›U jywmqv, †m›U wKUm I †bwfm, †m›U wfb‡m›U I †MÖbvwWb ØxccyÄ, mywibvg, wÎwb`v` I †Uvev‡Mv| GQvov mn‡hvMx m`m¨ : A¨v‡½vjv, evigyWv, weªwUk fvwR©b Øxcgvjv, †Kg¨vb ØxccyÄ, UvK©m I KvB‡Kvm| 2. Susan L. McFarlene-Alvarez, ‘Imaging and the National Imagining : Theorizing Visual Sovereignty in Trinidad and Tobago Moving Image Media through Analysis of Television Advertising.’ Georgia State University, 2006. p. 5

3. [Gme wbg©vZv †`‡ki evB‡i, DbœZwe‡k¦i †Kv‡bv-bv-†Kv‡bv †`‡k, emevm K‡ib|] 4. [the natural] 5. [naturalistic] 6. [realistic] 7. [neo-realistic] 8. Mbye B. Cham (Ed), Ex-Iles: Essays on Caribbean Cinema. Trenton, N.J : Africa Worldpress, 1992. p. 43. 9. [‘Cédula de Populacion’] 10. D. E. Williams, Forged From the Love of Liberty, (ed) D. P. K. Sutton. 1981, Trinidad : Longman Caribbean. p. 225. 11. [rainbow nation] 12. [Shouter Baptist Day] 13. [a country ‘coolie’] 14. [‘nazzo se’] 15. [‘to rid her of her demons’] 16. D. E. Williams, Forged From the Love of Liberty, c~‡e© DwjwLZ, p. 316 17. IB, p. vii 18. IB, p. 203 19. [bright boy] 20. [bright girl] 21. Yao Ramesar, ‘Caribbeing : Cultural Imperatives and the Technology of Motion Picture Production.’ Caribbean Quarterly, vol. 42 no. 4, 1.

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AvdUvi‡c cwiPvjbv : †KŠkj IRv (fviZ)

K‡›UBbvi cwiPvjbv : Avey kv‡n` Bgb (evsjv‡`k)

Zvi emevm, †mB kÖwgK‡K wekvj K‡›UBbvimn GKwU jwi‡Z Zz‡j wb‡q hvevi K‡qKwU wgwbU G-Qwe‡Z Avgiv †`wL| GKiKg msjvcnxb G-Qwei †k‡l kÖwgKwU hLb K‡›UBbvi Ly‡j †ewi‡q mgy‡`ªi w`‡K ZvKvq, AvgivI Zvi †PvL w`‡q †hb mgy‡`ªi Icv‡ii AvKvkUv‡K †`wL| Ôgy³ Pjw”PÎ, gy³ cÖKvkÕ Ñ G †¯vMvb wb‡q Av‡qvwRZ Gev‡ii Drm‡e wÎkwU †`‡ki cÖvq `ykwU ¯^í‰`N©¨ Qwe cÖ`wk©Z nq| memg‡qi g‡Zv cvewjK jvB‡eªwi I RvZxq Rv`yN‡i cÖ`k©‡bi cvkvcvwk Gevi cÖ_gev‡ii g‡Zv Qwe cÖ`wk©Z nq evsjv‡`k wkíKjv GKv‡Wgx‡Z| GLv‡bB 15 wW‡m¤î 2012 Zvwi‡L AbywôZ nq Drm‡ei cÖavb Av‡jvPbv-Abyôvb ÔAvjgMxi Kwei ¯§viK e³„ZvÕ| 1989 mv‡j moK `yNU© bvq AvjgMxi Kwei wbnZ nIqvi ci †_‡K cÖwZwU Drm‡e G we‡kl e³„Zv AbywôZ n‡q Avm‡Q| Ab¨vb¨ eQ‡i GLv‡b e³„Zv w`‡q‡Qb wµ÷d Rvbywm, Kzgvi mvnvbx, g„Yvj †mb, AcY©v †mb ev Muv¯— †iv‡e‡R©i g‡Zv Pjw”PÎwe‡ìv| Gevi e³v wn‡m‡e wQ‡jb wdwjcvB‡b MZ GK `k‡K ¯^vaxb avivi Pjw”PÎ wbg©v‡Y Ôwm‡b gvjvqvÕ Av‡›`vj‡bi RbK †b÷i RvwW©b| ¯^í ev‡R‡U wWwRUvj-gva¨‡g Kxfv‡e Zi“Y‡ì Drmvn RywM‡q weKí GK Pjw”PÎ-aviv wm‡b gvjvqv dvD‡Ûkb M‡o Zz‡j‡Q Zv RvwW©b we¯—vwiZ Zz‡j a‡ib Zuvi e³„Zvq| Drm‡ei RvZxq †mwgbviwU AbywôZ nq †Mvj‡Uwej êVK AvKv‡i 17 wW‡m¤î 2012| G‡Z Av‡jvP¨ welq wQj Ñ Kx K‡i GKwU h_v‡hvM¨ RvZxq Pjw”PÎ-bxwZ cÖYqb Kiv hvq| gvbRv‡invmxb gyiv` cÖ¯—vweZ cÖe‡Üi Ici wfwË K‡i G êV‡K

mvB‡Kj cwiPvjbv : mygb ¸n (evsjv‡`k)

Z_¨gš¿x nvmvbyj nK Bby, GdwWwmi e¨e¯’vcbv cwiPvjK, Pjw”PÎKvi Zvbfxi †gvKv‡¤§j, †gvi‡k`yj Bmjvg, K¨v_wib gvmy`mn Pjw”PÎ-mswkó A‡b‡K Ask †bb| Z_¨gš¿x GKwU h_v‡hvM¨ Pjw”PÎ-bxwZ megn‡ji gZvgZ wb‡q cÖYq‡bi cÖwµqv wkMwMiB ïi“ n‡e e‡j gZ †`b| 2011-i AvM‡÷ GK AvKw¯§K `yN©Ubvq cÖqvZ Pjw”PÎKvi Zv‡iK gvmy` I Pjw”PÎ-MÖvnK wgïK gybx‡ii cÖwZ G Drme DrmM© Kiv nq| Zv‡iK I wgïK Drm‡ei ïi“i w`b¸‡jv †_‡K MZ `yB hyM Rwo‡q wQ‡jb G Drm‡ei m‡½| Gev‡ii Drm‡e Zuviv cvewjK jvB‡eªwi PZ¡‡i nvwRi n‡q‡Qb †d«g-Kiv Qwei AvKv‡i Ñ Zv‡`i eÜz-mZx_©-Aby‡Riv G mZ¨ †Kv‡bvfv‡e gvb‡Z cviwQ‡jb bv| Zv‡iK-wgïK‡K ¯§i‡Yi cvkvcvwk G Drme kÖ×vN©¨ wb‡e`b K‡i m`¨cÖqvZ PviRb Pjw”PÎKv‡ii cÖwZ| Zuviv n‡jb Ñ divwm wbg©vZv wµm gvK©vi I GwiK †ivn&gvi, wMÖK Pjw”PÎ-mªóv (w_I) G‡Ä‡jv †cv‡ivm I fviZxq beZi‡½i Ab¨Zg cÖeZ©K gwb KvDj| GB PviR‡bi wbwg©Z Qwe wb‡q GK ev GKvwaK Pjw”PÎ Awa‡ekb Av‡qvwRZ nq Gev‡ii Drm‡e| divwm `~Zvev‡mi mnvqZvq GB cÖ_g XvKvq cÖ`wk©Z n‡jv m„Rbkxj cÖvgvY¨wP‡Îi wkíx wµm gvK©v‡ii AvUwU Qwe| Drm‡ei g~j wefvM Ôwm‡bgv Ae `¨ Iqvì©Õ I cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi me‡P‡q †ewk Qwe cÖ`wk©Z nq| GLv‡b mv¤cÖwZK wek¦-Pjw”P‡Î ¯^í‰`N©¨ Qwei †h MwZ-cÖK…wZ Zvi GKUv Qvc cvIqv hvq| we‡klZ Pjw”PÎ-fvlv wb‡q we‡k¦i bvbv †`‡k †h bZzb bZzb

G.Gj.AvB.wm.B. cwiPvjbv : WvDb I‡q÷‡jK (BDGmG)

wµm gviKvi

wPš—vfvebv I wbix¶v Pj‡Q Zvi bgybv cvIqv †M‡Q| ejv hvq †µv‡qwkqvi Qwe †`b AvB wm ZvbRvi K_v| Amy¯’ gv‡qi Rb¨ GKwU ciPzjv wK‡b w`‡Z wK‡kvi †Q‡ji e¨vKzj †Póv I Zvi bvUKxq mgvwß G Qwei DcRxe¨| †ZwÎk wgwb‡Ui G kU© wdKkbwU wbwg©Z n‡q‡Q KZ¸‡jv w÷j Qwei mgvnv‡i! `¨ K‡›UBbvimn Av‡iv Qwe‡K nvwi‡q w`‡q G QwewU wR‡Z †bq †miv ¯^í‰`N©¨ KvwnwbwP‡Îi cyi¯‹vi| cÖvgvY¨wP‡Îi eo GK fvÊvi cÖ`wk©Z nq Gev‡ii Drm‡e| †bcv‡ji Ôwdj¥ mvD_ GwkqvÕ I KjKvZvi ÔWK GRÕ DrmecÖwZ‡hvwMZvi wbe©vwPZ m¤¢vi GLv‡b `k©K‡ì Rb¨ cÖ`wk©Z nq| evsjv‡`‡ki wbg©vZv‡ì g‡a¨ Zv‡iK gvmy‡ì gyw³i Mvb I gyw³i K_v, Zvbfxi †gvKv‡¤§‡ji mv‡o wZb NÈv `xN© Qwe 1971 QvovI Zi“Y wbg©vZv mvBdzj Iqv`y` †njv‡ji Aciv‡Rq evsjv I Avn‡g` Avwe‡ì wWªwgs †fÛim `k©K‡ì cÖksmv Kzovq| Z‡e cÖvgvY¨wP‡Îi cyi¯‹vi wR‡Z †bq †Wbgv‡K©i Qwe dzUej BR MW| Drm‡e Kvwnwb I cÖvgvY¨-Qwe QvovI fv‡jvmsL¨K A¨vwb‡gkb I wbix¶vagx© Qwe ¯’vb cvq| evsjv‡`‡ki Zi“Y

wbg©vZv MvD‡ki wcRvwmb A¨vwb‡gkb gva¨‡g GKwU fv‡jv cÖqvm wn‡m‡e wPwýZ nq| ivRbxwZwe`‡ì e¨½ K‡i eygm Ae cwjwUwkqvb K¬vwmK A¨vwb‡gkb wn‡m‡e `k©K‡ì g‡b _vK‡e A‡bKw`b| wbix¶vagx© Qwei avivq evsjv‡`‡ki Zi“Y wbg©vZv BkwZqvK wR‡Kvi 720 wWwMÖ QwewUi K_v ej‡ZB nq| K¨v‡giv Zvi A‡¶i Ici `yevi cÖ`w¶Y K‡i GKwU mgy`ª ˆmKZeZx© GjvKv‡K| 360 wWwMÖ K‡i G `yB cÖ`w¶‡Yi Mí 720 wWwMÖ| G `yB cÖ`w¶YB aviY Kiv n‡q‡Q GKwU js †U‡K| `yev‡ii GB N~Y‡© b Avgiv †`wL ˆmK‡Z µxoviZ KwU KuvKov I K‡qKRb gvbyl‡K| cÖ_g †`Lvq hv‡ì g‡b n‡q‡Q kvwš—c~Y,© c‡iievi Zv‡ì Avgiv †`wL bvbv we‡iv‡a-msNv‡Z wjß| QwewU †`Lvi ci cÖkœ Rv‡M QwewUi welq Kx Zv wb‡q| Zv‡iK kvnwiqv‡ii †e÷ BbwW‡cb‡W›U kU© cyi¯‹vi wR‡Z-†bIqv G Qwe GK msk‡qi †eva RvwM‡q †Zv‡j| wbQK fv‡jv jvMv, g›` jvMv bq, wewPÎ avivi ¯^í‰`N©¨ Qwei RMr Avgv‡ì †h wew¯§Z I DrKwÉZ K‡i †Zv‡j †m Rb¨B Avgiv cieZx© ¯^í‰`N©¨ Pjw”PÎ Drm‡ei A‡c¶vq _vKe| 

wd«Wg Ae k¨v‡Wv cwiPvjbv : kvnwiqvi kvIb (evsjv‡`k)

†Mv‡ìb g¨vs‡Mv (fviZ)

IwKbvIqv Pjw”PÎ Drme g b Ry i“ j n K

gy`ªZx‡ii Db¥y³ PZ¡‡i emv‡bv GK‡kv mËi wgUvi `xN© †iW Kv‡c©‡U ZviKv Avi AwZw_‡`i bvbviKg mvRm¾vq nv‡m¨v¾¡jfv‡e †nu‡U hvIqvi ga¨ w`‡q gv‡P©i 22 Zvwi‡L hvÎv ïi“ Kiv cÂg IwKbvIqv Avš—R©vwZK Pjw”PÎ Drme wewfbœ wefv‡Mi weRqx‡`i bvg †NvlYvi ga¨ w`‡q 30 gvP© Gi mgvwß †U‡b‡Q| AvUw`‡bi GB Pjw”PÎ Drm‡ei Gev‡ii Av‡qvRb wQj bvbv w`K †_‡KB e¨wZµgx| wePviKgÊjx‡Z Gevi cÖ_gev‡ii g‡Zv hy ³ †_‡K‡Qb Avš—R©vwZK L¨vwZm¤úbœ K‡qKRb Pjw”PÎ e¨w³Z¡| GQvov IwKbvIqvi ¯’vbxq miKvi Gevi Pjw”PÎ Drm‡ei m‡½

Av‡iv Mfxifv‡e mshy ³ †_‡K Drme‡K mwZ¨Kvi A‡_© IwKbvIqv †Rjvi wbR¯^ GK Avš—R©vwZK mgv‡ek n‡q DV‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i‡Q| Rvcv‡bi me©`w¶‡Yi GB Øxc‡Rjv weMZ K‡qK `kK a‡i bvbviKg mgm¨vi Kvi‡Y msev`gva¨‡gi `„wó AvKl©Y Ki‡Q| gvwK©b mvgwiK NuvwUi hÎZÎ Dcw¯’wZ Ges †mBm‡½ GjvKvi A_©bxwZ Rvcv‡bi Ab¨ AÂj¸‡jvi †P‡q Zzjbvg~jK wcwQ‡q _vKvi Av‡jv‡K mvwe©K A‡_© †bwZevPK †mBme msev` IwKbvIqvevmx‡K †gvKvwejv Ki‡Z nIqv KwVb ev¯—eZvi cÖwZdjb Zz‡j a‡i| †miKg Ae¯’vq wb‡f©Rvj Avb›`

Dc‡fv‡Mi my ‡hvM Zv‡ì Rb¨ K‡i w`‡q QvqvQwei ga¨ w`‡q IwKbvIqv‡K Gwkqvi cÖavb GKwU AvKl©Yxq we‡bv`b‡K‡›`ª iƒcvš—wiZ K‡i †bIqvi j‡¶¨ Rvcv‡bi ImvKvwfwËK we‡bv`b cÖwZôvb B‡qvwk‡gv‡Zv †KvIwMI 2009 mv‡j cÖ_gev‡ii g‡Zv IwKbvIqv Avš—R©vwZK Pjw”PÎ Drm‡ei Av‡qvRb K‡iwQj| m¤ú~Y ©fv‡e †emiKvwi D‡`¨v‡M Av‡qvwRZ †mB Pjw”PÎ Drme cÖ_gev‡ii Av‡qvRb mdj cÖgvwYZ nIqvi ci IwKbvIqvi wM‡bvIqvb kn‡ii ¯’vbxq cÖk vmb cieZx© mg‡q Gi m‡½ mshy³ nq Ges Pjw”PÎ Drme‡K Rvcv‡bi †mB `~ieZx© AÂ‡ji cÖa vb GKwU mvs¯‹…w ZK Av‡qvR‡b iƒcvš—wiZ K‡i wb‡Z bvbviKg mn‡hvwMZvi `yqvi Av‡qvRK‡ì Rb¨ Ly‡j †`q| GQvov †ek wKQy evwYwR¨K cÖwZôvbI cieZx© mg‡q Drm‡ei Av‡qvR‡b wb‡R‡ì hy³ K‡i wb‡j eo ai‡bi cÖwZeÜKZv QvovB IwKbvIqv Avš—R©vwZK Pjw”PÎ Drme wbqwgZ GK evwl©K Av‡qvRb n‡q I‡V| Gev‡ii GB cÂg Av‡qvRb D‡`¨v³v‡ì g‡bvej e„w×‡Z mnvqK n‡jI meiKg cÖw ZeÜKZv †h B‡Zvg‡a¨ `~i n‡q †M‡Q Zv Aek¨ Av‡qvRKiv GL‡bv g‡b K‡ib bv| Drme PjvKv‡j GB cÖ wZ‡e`K‡K †Ìqv GKvš— mv¶vrKv‡i IwKbvIqv Avš—R©vwZK Pjw”PÎ Drme KwgwUi mfvcwZ I Rvcv‡bi e„nËg we‡bv`b †Kv¤úvwb BIwk‡gv‡Zv †KvIwMIi cÖavb wbe©vnx wn‡ivwk ImvwK †hgb e‡j‡Qb, RbM‡Yi AskMÖ nY I Drmvn-DÏxcbv e¨vcKfv‡e j¶ Kiv †M‡jI Pjw”PÎ Drm‡ei

IwKbvIqv Pjw”PÎ Drme KwgwUi mfvcwZ wn‡ivwk ImvwK

wePviKgÊjxi mfvcwZ, nwjD‡Wi L¨vwZgvb cwiPvjK †Rv‡qj ïgvLvi

†`exi Pwi‡Î AwfbqKvix ZvBIqv‡bi Awf‡bÎx †RBW †PvI

g‡Zv e¨qeûj Av‡qvRb wbqwgZfv‡e K‡i †h‡Z n‡j Avw_©K m”QjZvi wbqwgZ Drm wba©viY K‡i †bIqv ìKvi| ¯’vbxq miKvimg~‡ni AskMÖnY mg‡qvwPZ Ges A_©en nIqv m‡Ë¡I mivmwi A_© †RvMv‡bv Zv‡ì c‡¶ ZZUv m¤¢e bq Ges †mUv wVK Kvw•¶Z bq e‡jI wn‡ivwk ImvwK AwfgZ e¨³ K‡i‡Qb| Avi ZvB cÖvq cy‡ ivcywi †emiKvwi D‡`¨v‡M Av‡qvwRZ IwKbvIqv Pjw”PÎ Drm‡ei †ejvq Gi fwel¨r wb‡q kw¼Z nIqvi KviY bv †_‡K †M‡jI Avw_©K w`K †_‡K eëmvwqK m¤¢vebv we‡ePbvq ivLv G‡Kev‡i A‡hŠw³K bq e‡j wZwb g‡b K‡ib Ges G Kvi‡YB Gev‡ii Drm‡ei Kg©m~wP‡Z Gwkqvi K‡›U›U evRv‡ii Ici †mwgbvi I cÖ`k©b xi Ici we‡kl †Rvi †Ìqv nq e‡j wg. ImvwK Rvbvb| †h-†Kv‡bv Pjw”PÎ Drme‡KB ïay we‡bv`b KvVv‡gvi evB‡i QvqvQwei eëmvwqK w`K¸‡jvi Ici G Kvi‡Y bRi w`‡Z nq †h, cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi evRv‡i wU‡K _vK‡Z n‡j Pjw”PÎwkí‡KI Aek¨B n‡Z nq †KŠkjx I bZzb c‡_i mÜvbx| K‡›U›U evRvi †mB w`K¸‡jvi Ici Av‡jvKcvZ K‡i Askx`vwi‡Z¡i c_ ˆZwi K‡i †Ìqvi my‡hvM, we‡kl K‡i Gwkqvi m¤cÖmvigvY Pjw”PÎ Lv‡Zi Rb¨ K‡i w`‡Z cv‡i e‡j wg. ImvwKi aviYv| Drm‡ei Rb¨ Rgv †Ìqv QvqvQwei msL¨v Ges `k©K

Dcw¯’wZ, Dfq w`K †_‡KB Gev‡ii Drme wQj Av‡Mi PviwU Drm‡ei †P‡q A‡bKvs‡k we¯—…Z| †fŠ‡MvwjK we¯—…wZi w`K †_‡K Gev‡i †hgb cÖ_gev‡ii g‡Zv Zzi¯‹, myB‡Wb I A‡÷ªwjqv IwKbvIqv Pjw”PÎ Drm‡e †hvM †`q| GQvov `k©K Dcw¯’wZi w`K †_‡KI Gev‡ii GB cÂg Av‡qvRb Av‡Mi me KwU Drme‡K Qvwo‡q †M‡Q| AvUw`b a‡i Pjv Pjw”PÎ Drm‡ei wewfbœ Abyôv‡b `k©K mgvM‡gi †gvU msL¨v wQj Pvi jvL evBk nvRvi, PZz_© Pjw”PÎ Drm‡ei †P‡q †h msL¨v n‡”Q ev‡iv nvRvi †ewk| d‡j aviYv Kiv hvq, Drm‡ei mvdj¨ m¤ú‡K© Av‡qvRKiv GLb Av‡Mi †P‡q A‡bK †ewk Avkvev`x g‡bvfve †cvlY Ki‡Z mg_© n‡eb| IwKbvIqv Pjw”PÎ Drm‡ei Av‡iKwU e¨wZµgx êwkó¨ n‡”Q Qwe †`Lvi Rb¨ wUwKU †Kbvi eë¯’v bv _vKv| A_©vr †Kv‡bviKg cÖ ‡ekg~j¨ QvovB `k©K Drme PjvKvjxb Qwe †`L‡Z cvi‡e| ïay Zv-B bq, GgbwK webv Li‡P Drm‡ei RvqMvq hvIqv-Avmvi eë¯’v mvaviY `k©K‡ì Rb¨ K‡i w`‡Z IwKbvIqvi cÖa vb kni bvnv †_‡K Drm‡ei RvqMv wM‡bvIqvb kn‡ii Avš—R© vwZK m‡¤§jb †K‡›`ª GKvwaK kvUj evm PjvP‡ji eë¯’vI Drme KwgwU K‡i w`‡qwQj| Ônvwm I kvwš—Õ Ñ gvbeRxe‡b myL I mg„w× G‡b †Ìqvi

Avek¨Kxq GB ˆØZ †gŠwjK c~e©kZ©‡K w_g ev gg©evYx wn‡m‡e a‡i †bIqv IwKbvIqv Avš—R©vwZK Pjw”PÎ Drm‡ei g~j cÖwZ‡hvwMZvI †miKg `ywU fv‡M wef³| nvwm I kvwš—, Dfq wefv‡M cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi Rb¨ g‡bvbxZ Qwe¸‡jv †_‡K GKwU K‡i Qwe‡K `k©K Ges †mBm‡½ mviv Rvcvb †_‡K †e‡Q †bIqv Pjw”PÎ AbyivMx‡ì †fv‡U †kÖô Qwei cyi¯‹vi †Ìqv nq| Gi evB‡i Dfq wefv‡Mi me KwU Qwe †_‡K GKwU Qwe‡K Pvi m`‡mï wePviKgÊjx †miv Qwei cyi¯‹vi Ô†Mv‡ìb wkkvÕi Rb¨ †e‡Q †bb| Gev‡ii Drm‡e wePviKgÊjxi mfvcwZ wQ‡jb nwjD‡Wi L¨vwZgvb Pjw”PÎ cwiPvjK †Rv‡qj ïgvLvi| IwKbvIqv Pjw”PÎ Drm‡e ¯’vbxq RbM‡Yi ¯^Ztù‚Z© AskMÖn‡Y gy» GB nwjDW e¨w³Z¡ we‡`wk mvsevw`K‡ì m‡½ †Lvjv‡gjv GK AvjvcPvwiZvq Drm‡ei GB w`KwUi f~qmx cÖksmv K‡i e‡j‡Qb, IwKbvIqvi GB w`KwU †_‡K mvivwe‡k¦i Pjw”PÎ Drm‡ei Av‡qvRK‡ì A‡bK wKQy wk‡L †bIqvi Av‡Q| nvwm I kvwš— Ñ GB `yB wefv‡M cyi¯‹v‡ii Rb¨ wbe©vwPZ Qwei msL¨v Gev‡i wQj h_vµ‡g bq I GMv‡ivwU| nvwmi wefv‡M †kÖô Qwei cy i¯‹vi †c‡q‡Q nsKs‡qi cwiPvjK R¨vwK Pv‡bi mvm‡cÝwfwËK K‡gwW PvBwbR †RvwWqvK| Px‡bi Dwbk kZ‡Ki wPs ivRes‡ki nviv‡bv GK m¤ú` D×v‡i Pvjv‡bv `ytmvnmx cÖ‡Póvq D×viKvix `j‡K wewPÎ †hme AwfÁZvi gy‡Lvgyw L n‡Z nq, ZviB GK †KŠZzKc~Y© Dc¯’vcbv n‡”Q `k©K‡ì g‡bviÄ‡bi †LvivK †RvMv‡bv GB Qwe| Ab¨w`‡K kvwš— wefv‡M †miv cyi¯‹v‡i f~wlZ ZvBIqv‡bi gwnjv Pjw”PÎ cwiPvjK wZ‡qb Bqy-dzi Qwe †èxi myLx Rxeb n‡”Q A‡bK †ewk ev¯—eagx© GK QvqvQwe, ZvBIqv‡bi cjx AÂ‡j emevmKvix cyi“l‡ì we‡q K‡i Nimsmvi Ki‡Z Avmv `w¶Y-c~e© Gwkqvi K‡qKwU †`‡ki igYx‡ì †gvKvwejv Ki‡Z nIqv mgm¨v n‡”Q †h Qwei g~j welq| Z‡e cwiPvjK Aek¨ MZvbyM wZK KvVv‡gv‡Z Qwe‡K Ave× bv †i‡L P‡j †M‡Qb gvbeRxe‡bi myL-`yt‡Li Av‡iv A‡bK Mfx‡i, hv wK bv QwewU‡K K‡i Zz‡j‡Q `k©K‡ì g‡b mn‡RB `vM KvUvi g‡Zv A‡_© A‡bK †ewk ü`q¯úkx©| Avi G Kvi‡YB cÖ`k©bx K¶ †_‡K wd‡i Avmvi gy‡L ZvBIqv‡bi mvsevw`K †Rv Avgvi Kv‡Q Rvb‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb †PvL Avgvi wf‡R wM‡qwQj wK bv| Qwei bvwqKv †èx n‡”Q B‡›`v‡bwkqv †_‡K Avmv GK ea~, hvi eq¯‹ ¯^vgx †eKvi I g`¨c| NUbv Aek¨ µgk AvewZ©Z nq cwiev‡ii cyÎmš—vb‡K wN‡i, Mv‡qi is I †Pnviv wfbœ nIqvq †h cy Î‡K ¯‹z‡j mncvVx‡ì nvwmVvÆv Avi wbcxo‡bi wkKvi n‡Z nq| †mB cyÎ‡K wb‡q †èxi Rxe‡bi Av‡iKwU Aa¨vq m¤ú‡K© Avgiv Rvb‡Z cvwi Av‡iv †ek wKQy c‡i, B‡›`v‡bwkqvi GK Kwd †µZv hLb Kwd †Kbvi Rb¨ Dcw¯’Z nb ZvBIqv‡bi Kwd Pv‡li †mB AÂjwU‡Z| †èxi ¯^vgx g`¨c I gviKz ‡U nIqv m‡Ë¡I cy‡Îi m‡½ wcZvi †h m¤úK© `xN© mg‡qi eëav‡b M‡o D‡V‡Q, †mUvB Qwe‡K K‡i Zz ‡j‡Q A‡bK †ewk cÖvYeš—, gvbweK Avi Av‡eMgq| wcZv †mLv‡b mwZ¨Kvi A‡_© Rb¥`vZv wcZv wK bv, wcZv I cyÎ `yR‡bi Kv‡QB †mUv Avi bZz b K‡i hvPvB K‡i †`Lvi welq n‡q †bB| Avi †mB m‡½ †èxi Pwi‡Î Abe`¨ Awfbq K‡i‡Qb ZvBIqvwb Awf‡bÎx †RBW †PvI| mewKQy wgwj‡q †èxi myL x Rxeb n‡q D‡V‡Q GiKg GK Qwe, hv wK bv `k©K g‡b mn‡RB

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ïaygvÎ gwnjv‡ì Øviv cwiPvwjZ I AwfbxZ evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g gwnjv w_‡qUvi `j ÔivgevMvb wd‡gj Kvjx w_‡qUviÕ| cwiPvjK wn‡m‡e eva¨ n‡q eënvi Kiv n‡qwQj `vbxeveyi wkl¨ †hvMx›`ªbv_ miKv‡ii bvg| †Kbbv ivgevMv‡bi †g‡q‡ì Kv‡iv bvg _vK‡j eëmvq Amywe‡ai m¤¢vebv wQj cÖej| Aek¨ ivRevjvi †mB wd‡gj Kvjx w_‡qUv‡i †hvMx›`ªbv_ gnjv I wb‡`©kbvi Kv‡RI mvnvh¨ Ki‡Zb| †g‡q‡ì †mB `‡ji †kv‡Z wUwK‡Ui nvi wQj GKk eQi Av‡M `k, AvU, Qq, cuvP, `yB I GK UvKv| Aek¨ e¨vjKwb‡Z ïaygvÎ †g‡q‡ì wUwKU| `vg `yB UvKv I GK UvKv| ivRevjvi †mB `jwU †gvU ev‡ivwU bvUK mvd‡jï m‡½ cici gÂ¯’ K‡iwQj| †hgb Ñ wej¦g½j, nx‡ii dzj, Lvm `Lj, bi‡ga hÁ, ei“Yv, cwjb, nx‡igvwjbx, KzÄ ìRx, Avwjevev, †ikgx i“gvj, ci‡`kx I P›`ª¸ß| wd‡gj Kvjx w_‡qUvi `j D‡V hvevi ci 1924 mv‡j Awf‡bÎx ivRevjv ÔgWvb© w_‡qUvi bvU¨ m¤cÖ`vqÕ cwiPvwjZ bexbP›`ª †m‡bi îeZK bvU‡K 20 AvM÷ cÖ_g AeZxY© nb bvwqKv my‡jvPbvi f~wgKvq| Gj‡d«W i½g‡Â †mB bvUK cÖ_g AwfbxZ n‡qwQj e‡j Rvwb‡qwQ‡jb ivRevjv| 1935 mv‡j ivRevjv ivZKvbv bv‡g GKwU Pjw”P‡Î †g‡q B›`yevjvi m‡½ gv‡qi f~wgKvq cÖ_g Awfbq K‡ib| QwewU wQj Wej fvm©v‡bi, A_©vr evsjv I wnw›`‡Z| ivZKvbv gyw³ †c‡qwQj 3 AvM÷ 1935 Zvwi‡L KjKvZvq iƒcevYx †cÖ¶vM„‡n| cwiPvjbv I d‡UvMÖvwd wQj hZxb `v‡mi| †ce¨vK A_©vr KÉ`vb K‡iwQ‡jb iwÄZ ivq I `ywbqvevjv| B÷ BwÛqvb wd‡j¥i G QwewUi KvwnwbKvi wQ‡jb wbg©jwke e‡›`¨vcva¨vq| †g‡q B›`yevjvi m‡½ Gici wZwb Avi †Kv‡bv Qwe‡Z Awfbq K‡ibwb| Avgvq ej‡Zb, †g‡qi Avgvi ZLb Mv‡b, w_‡qUv‡i I Qwe‡Z KZ mybvg| Avwg wK Avi wb‡Ri †g‡qi m‡½ cvjv w`‡Z cvwi? ZvQvov cÎ-cwÎKvq Av‡jvPbvi mgq †mKv‡j ZLb cÖvqB †jLv n‡Zv Ñ †`Lv hvK, Gevi gv nv‡i Kx †g‡q nv‡i! †`‡L A¯^w¯— n‡Zv fvB! weivwk eQi eq‡m ivRevjv †g‡q B›`yevjvi 21 bs †hv‡Mb `Ë †j‡bi ivgevMv‡bi †mB †`vZjv evwo‡ZB †m‡Þ¤î 1968-†Z (27 fv`ª 1375) †klwbtk¦vm Z¨vM K‡iwQ‡jb| Zvi ciB gv-Aš—cÖvY B›`yevjv g‡bi w`K †_‡K µgk mwZ¨B wbtm½ n‡q c‡ob| ivRevjvi cÖqv‡Yi ci †_‡K †hb weMZ `ywU kZvãxi mvs¯‹…wZK †hvMv‡hvM cÖKZ … A‡_© wQbœ n‡q †Mj| wbgZjv Nv‡U `vnKv‡h© AvwgI Dcw¯’Z wQjvg| ZLb gv‡qi Zzjbvq †g‡q B›`yevjvi L¨vwZ I cÖwZôv wQj wbtm‡›`‡n AvKvkPz¤^x| we‡ki `kK †_‡K cuv‡Pi `kK ch©š— wZwb m¤§vb I h‡ki mgy‡`ª øvb K‡i †M‡Qb| eû A_© wZwb †m mgq †ivRMvi K‡iwQ‡jb| Q‡qi `kK ch©š— A_©vr 1968 mvj ch©š— wZwb AvKvkevYx‡Z wbqwgZ msMxZ cwi‡ekb Ki‡Zb| ZLb Aek¨ wZwb †d‡j G‡m‡Qb Zuvi †hŠeb I RbwcÖqZvi D¾¡j †mvbvwj w`b| wKš‘ ZL‡bv MvbB wQj Zuvi me©mg‡qi m½x| MvbB wQj B›`yevjvi cÖvY| †mKv‡j msMx‡Z wZwb wQ‡jb wKse`wš— cÖwZfv| we‡qi ci evev gwZjvj gvÎ eQiwZ‡bK c‡i hLb ivRevjv I †g‡q B›`yevjv‡K †Q‡o P‡j hvb 1901 mv‡j B›`yevjvi eqm ZLb gvÎ AvovB eQi| d‡j gv‡qi Kv‡QB Mv‡b Zuvi nv‡ZLwo| m‡Z‡iv eQi eq‡m cÖ_g

MÖv‡gv‡dv‡b Zu vi †iKW© †e‡ivj (1916)| MÖv‡gv‡dvb †Kv¤úvwbi g¨v‡bRvi fMeZx fÆvPvh© Avi gbx›`ª †Nv‡li (†gv³vevey) Aby‡iv‡a cÖ_g Kiv B›`yevjvi †iK‡W© wQj `ywU Mvb Ñ 1. I‡i gvwS Zix †n_v (P4390) Ges 2. Zzwg G‡mv †n| †iKW© Ki‡Z G‡m cwiPq nq cÖ_g KvRx bRi“j, Rgxi“wÏb Luv, Kgj `vk¸ß, myej `vk¸ß, wMwiY PµeZx©‡ì m‡½| Zuvi Mv‡b gy» bRi“j Zuv‡K w`‡q c‡i cÖvq AvUvbœwU bRi“‡ji Mvb †iKW© Kivb| †iK‡W© wZwb cÖ_g wnw›`‡Z †iKW© Kievi AbygwZ Av`vq K‡iwQ‡jb| d‡j Zuvi Mjvq †iK‡W© †kvbv wM‡qwQj wnw›` fvlvq MvIqv †Lqvj, ivMvwkÖZ Mvb, MRj BZ¨vw`| Zuvi MvIqv evsjvq bRi“jmsMxZ (AvUvbœwU), k¨vgvmsMxZ (GMv‡ivwU), †ewmK evsjv Mv‡bi msL¨v cuqlwÆwU I nvwmi Mvb `ywUmn †gvU GK‡kv †PŠwÎkwU Mvb| cvkvcvwk GQvov wQj D`©y I wnw›`‡Z MvIqv GK‡kv bqwU Mv‡bi †iKW© Ges `ywU cvÄvwe Mvb, `ywU Iwoqv Mvbmn `ywU ˆPZx Mvb (Sample record)| ïay ZvB bq, wm‡bgvq Zuvi MvIqv Mv‡bi msL¨v D`©y I wnw›`‡Z GKwÎkwU Ges evsjvq wd‡j¥ MvIqv Av‡iv PviwU Mvb wQj ZuviB Mjvq †iK‡W© wea„Z| d‡j msMxZmgªvÁx B›`yevjvi gvÎ wÎk eQ‡i †iK‡W© MvIqv Mv‡bi msL¨v ùvwo‡qwQj me©‡gvU `yk Pzivwk A_©vr cÖvq wZbki KvQvKvwQ| A_©vr cÖwZeQ‡i M‡o AvUwU K‡i Mv‡bi †iKW©, hv Av‡Rv cÖvq fvevB hvq bv! cvkvcvwk cÖvq ev‡ivwU i½g‡Â B›`yevjv AwfbxZ AmsL¨ iRbxmg„× evsjv bvU‡Ki msL¨v †gvU cÂvbœ| Gi g‡a¨ me©vwaK AwfbxZ B›`yevjvi bvUK wQj wej¦g½j, hv Pvik iRbx AwZµvš— n‡qwQj| Zuvi AwfbxZ †kl bvUK wQj c„_¡xivR (23 wW‡m¤î 1950)| Pjw”P‡Îi †¶‡ÎI B›`yevjv wQ‡jb h‡_ó RbwcÖq MvwqKv I Awf‡bÎx| †gvU cÂvkwU Qwe‡Z wZwb Awfbq K‡iwQ‡jb| Qwe¸‡jv wQj evsjv, wnw›`, D`©y, Zvwgj I cvÄvwe fvlvq †Zvjv| A_P cÖwZfvgqx B›`yevjv gvÎ †lv‡jv eQ‡i (1931-46) GZ¸‡jv Qwe‡Z Awfbq I Mvb †M‡q mviv fviZ Rq K‡iwQ‡jb| Avevi GiB cvkvcvwk B›`yevjv Ômw¤§wjZ bvix mwgwZÕ, cwðge‡½i mfv‡bÎx wQ‡jb| Zuvi †bZ…‡Z¡ 1958 mv‡j W. cÖZvcP›`ª P‡›`ªi mfvcwZ‡Z¡ cwðge½e¨vcx ÔmgvR D‡cw¶Zv cwZZv bvix‡ì m‡¤§jbÕ ga¨ KjKvZvq mvd‡jï m‡½ AbywôZ n‡qwQj| cÖKvk¨ mfvq mfvcwZZ¡ K‡iwQ‡jb †K›`ªxq AvBbgš¿x kÖx A‡kvK †mb (28 RyjvB 1958)| mgvRewnf©~Zv cwZZv bvix‡ì RxebhvÎvi DbœqbK‡í AvRxeb GB cÖwZfvgqx wb‡R mvg‡b ùvwo‡q †bZ…Z¡ `vb K‡i wM‡q‡Qb| Zuvi DÏxß wee„wZ I e³…Zv †mKv‡j cÎ-cwÎKvq ¸i“Z¡ w`‡q cÖKvk Kiv n‡Zv| cÖvq `yB `kK, Avwg Zuvi Kv‡Q wbqwgZ hvZvqvZ K‡iwQjvg| GKmgq †`vZjvi NiwU bRi“j Bmjvgmn weL¨vZ MvqK-MvwqKv‡ì Dcw¯’wZ‡Z msMx‡Zi Rv`y‡Z I g~Q©bvq cwic~Y© _vKZ| †mB N‡i e‡mB Zuvi gy‡L Avwg ïbZvg ZLbKvi ARmª weij gyn~‡Z©i ¯§„wZPviYv| Avi ZviB duv‡K duv‡K ïbZvg †mB me †gnwd‡ji ¯§„wZ Rov‡bv Mv‡bi Kwj| wZwb †`Lv‡Zb Rxe‡bi †kÖô †mB me †g‡Wj, cvwi‡ZvwlK, Dcnvi Zuvi GKvwaK Avjgvwi †_‡K| †`LZvg HMV MÖv‡gv‡dvb †Kv¤úvwbi KvQ †_‡K Dcnvi¯îƒc cvIqv `vwg †mKv‡ji we‡`wk wi‡Wi †¯‹j †PÄvi wekvj nvi‡gvwbqvg, †`‡k-we‡`‡k cvIqv ARmª ¯^Y© I †iŠc¨ c`K m¤¢vi, wewfbœ †eZvi‡K›`ª †_‡K

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wb jv ‡g i L e i wµw÷Õm

†mv`weÕm

Gj Gbd¨v›U Gb‡`viwg (1908)

R¨vR

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†iW †jwbb

mycvig¨vb d«g wg_m

jv MÖ¨vÛ ey‡K (1978)

118

wkíx : Kb÷vbwUb eªvbKzwm †eªvÄ fv¯‹h© AvbygvwbK `vg : 3,00,0005,00,000 cvDÛ wewµ n‡q‡Q : 6 jvL 68 nvRvi 450 cvD‡Û wbjv‡gi ZvwiL : 6 †deª“qvwi, 2013, jÛb

wkíx : gvK© kvMvj K¨vbfv‡m †Zjis AvbygvwbK `vg : 4,50,000-6,50,000 cvDÛ wewµ n‡q‡Q : 6 jvL 1 nvRvi 250 cvD‡Û wbjv‡gi ZvwiL : 6 †deª“qvwi, 2013, jÛb wkíx : gvK© kvMvj K¨vbfv‡m KvM‡Ri Ici †Mvqvk, Rjis, eªvk I Kvwj AvbygvwbK `vg : 2,20,000-2,80,000 cvDÛ wewµ n‡q‡Q : 4 jvL 93 nvRvi 250 cvD‡Û wbjv‡gi ZvwiL : 6 †deª“qvwi, 2013, jÛb wkíx : cve‡jv wcKv‡mv KvM‡R Kjg I Kvwj, †Mvqvk I Kv‡jv †µqb AvbygvwbK `vg : 2,00,0003,00,000 cvDÛ wewµ n‡q‡Q : 4 jvL 81 nvRvi 250 cvD‡Û wbjv‡gi ZvwiL : 6 †deª“qvwi, 2013, jÛb

gM‡Ri mvR‡MvR G‡jv‡g‡jv K‡i †`Iqv Bwjqv‡mi †Luvqvwi wc qv m g wR `

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