Kali O Kalam january 2017

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A by ev ` K we Zv 73 I³vweI cv‡mi KweZv : AšÍ‡ii e„ÿ l weKvk MY †PŠayix A by ev ` M í 80 KzgKzg fv‡jv Av‡Q l g~j : Rvwn`v wnbv/ Abyev` : eyjeyj Avn‡g` wP Î K jv 89 wk‡íi g‡nvrme l †gvevwk¦i Avjg gRyg`vi 99 †iv‡Kqv myjZvbvi A`„k¨ kni l g~j : Aw`wZ Mvbxf mvsIqvb Abyev` : Av`bvb g‡bvqvi ûmvBb 102 XvKvq fvi‡Zi `yB ZiæY wPÎKi l Rvwn` gy¯Ívdv gY å 104 jsKvcyixi w`bivwÎ l bIkv` Rvwgj kÖ ×v Ä wj 111 dv`vi `¨wZ‡qb : evsjv M‡`¨ Abb¨ SsKvi l K…òv †mb 115 dv`vi `¨wZ‡qb : evsjv M‡`¨i ig¨`~Z l myiÄb wg‡Ï av iv ev wn K D c b¨v m 122 ¯§„wZi QvqvcvZ l kvnxb AvLZvi 128 wKm&mv e‡jb †kn&iRv‡` l iweksKi ej eBcÎ 131-136 Zcb evMPx/ nvmvb †di‡`Šm/ gywnZ nvmvb

†jLv cvVvevi I †hvMv‡hv‡Mi wVKvbv : m¤úv`K, Kvwj I Kjg, †e½j †m›Uvi, cøU-2, wmwfj Gwf‡qkb, wbD Gqvi‡cvU© †ivW, wLj‡¶Z, XvKv-1229, evsjv‡`k| †dvb : 09666773311, 09606773311| Kvwj I Kj‡g cvVv‡bv iPbvi m‡½ wVKvbv I †Uwj‡dvb b¤^i †`Iqvi Rb¨ Aby‡iva Kiv †Mj| AvBm wgwWqv wjwg‡U‡Wi c‡¶ Aveyj Lv‡qi KZ…©K Kzkj †m›Uvi, cø­U 29, †m±i 3, DËiv Av/G, XvKv-1230 †_‡K cÖKvwkZ Ges Gg †K wcÖ›Uvm© A¨vÛ c¨v‡KwRs, 189/G †ZRMuvI wk/G, XvKv-1208 †_‡K gyw`ªZ| m¤úv`Kxq I evwYwR¨K Kvh©vjq : †e½j †m›Uvi, cøU 2, wmwfj Gwf‡qkb, wbD Gqvi‡cvU© †ivW, wLj‡¶Z, XvKv-1229| 2 †dvb : + [880 2] 09666773311, 09606773311 B-†gBj : mail@kaliokalam.com| I‡qe : www.kaliokalam.com

cÖKvkK Aveyj Lv‡qi m¤úv`KgÐjxi mfvcwZ Avwbmy¾vgvb m¤úv`K Aveyj nvmbvZ m¤úv`KgÐjx myeªZ eo–qv iæex ingvb jyfv bvwn` †PŠayix

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·qv`k el© : Øv`k msL¨v l gvN 1423 : Rvbyqvwi 2017

5 †mŠwgÎ P‡Ævcva¨vq †Kej Awfbq K‡ib bv, bvUK wb‡q, Pjw”PÎ wb‡q, Awfbq wb‡q †j‡Lb Ñ mvivRxebB wj‡L G‡m‡Qb Ges †m¸‡jv Lye g~j¨evb iPbv| GB cÖe‡Ü †`‡ek ivq e‡j‡Qb Ggb K_v| †mBm‡½ †mŠwg‡Îi †cÖiYvq wb‡RB wj‡L‡Qb evsjv Pjw”P‡Îi cÖ_g hyM m¤ú‡K© hLb cÖg‡_k eo–qv I Kvbb †`ex wQ‡jb evOvwj `k©K‡`i AvBWj| Av‡iv GwM‡q wZwb jÿ K‡i‡Qb, mywPÎv †mb-DËgKzgvi-AwfbxZ RbwcÖq aviv Ges c‡_i cuvPvjxi wewkóZvi avivi g‡a¨ muv‡Kv n‡q †M‡Qb †mŠwgÎ Ñ evsjv wm‡bgvi cÖ_g AšÍgy©Lx bvqK|

/kaliokalam

11 Avcbvi ¯§vU©‡dv‡b wKDAvi †KvW e¨envi Ki‡Z PvB‡j cÖ_‡gB ¸Mj †cø‡÷vi A_ev A¨vcj †÷vi †_‡K webvg~‡j¨i wKDAvi mdUIq¨vi (†hgb : I-NIGMA BARCODE SCANNER) Bb÷j Kiæb| Gici mdUIq¨viwU Pvjy Kiæb Ges Avcbvi †gvevBj †dv‡bi K¨v‡giv Ab K‡i wKDAvi †Kv‡Wi Ici a‡i _vKzb| Gi d‡j wKQy¶‡Yi g‡a¨ Avcwb Kvwj I Kjg A¨vc WvDb‡jv‡Wi wVKvbvq †cuŠ‡Q hv‡eb|

mbrKzgvi mvnv iex›`ªbv‡_i Ôkv-RvnvbÕ KweZv cybtcvV K‡i‡Qb| Zv‡Z Kwei ÔQweÕ KweZvwUi Ges wKU&‡mi ÔIW Ab G wMÖwmqvb Avb©Õ KweZvi K_v D‡V G‡m‡Q Zzjbvq| kvnRvnvb Ges Acivci gymwjg kvm‡Ki wbwg©Z Ab¨vb¨ mgvwa‡mŠ‡ai K_v G‡m‡Q, G‡m‡Q BwZnv‡m Zuv‡`i ¯’v‡bi K_v| GB KweZvq wkí I wkíxi m¤^Üwbiƒc‡Yi cÖkœwUI ¸iæ‡Z¡i m‡½ we‡ePbv K‡i‡Qb cÖeÜKvi|

15 gnv‡k¦Zv †`exi wZ‡ivav‡b Zuvi m„wóm¤¢v‡ii cÖwZ Avgv‡`i `„wó AvK…ó n‡q‡Q bZzb K‡i| e`iæb bvnvi we‡klfv‡e Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb Kwe e›`¨NUx MvwTi Rxeb I g„Zz¨ wb‡q, wKš‘ `„wó‡Z †i‡L‡Qb Avw`evmx RbRxeb‡K wb‡q †jLv Zuvi Ab¨vb¨ Dcb¨vm‡KI| †mBm‡½ Zvivk¼i e‡›`¨vcva¨v‡qi Kwe, AwfwRr †m‡bi iû PÐv‡ji nvo I †mwjbv †nv‡m‡bi bxj gq~‡ii †hŠeb Dcb¨vm¸wji Av‡jvPbvI AšÍfz©³ n‡q‡Q| 3

†mŠwgÎ ch©šÍ wKQy K_v : †mŠwg‡Îi m‡½ †`‡ek ivq

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15 wLªó-c~e©v‡ã Av‡_‡Ýi wmwU Wv‡qvwbwmqvi Uª¨v‡RwW cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq bvU¨Kvi BDwiwc‡`m †hvM w`‡qwQ‡jb Zuvi Uª‡qi †g‡qiv bvUKwU wb‡q| 20,000 `k©K Zuv‡K nvwi‡q w`‡jb| wRZ‡jb Ñ †R‡bv‡K¬m bv‡g GK bvU¨Kvi| gRv n‡jv Ñ GB †R‡bv‡K¬‡mi †Kv‡bv bvU‡Ki GKwU jvBbI Avi cvIqv hvq wb| Ggb wK, †Kv‡bv †jLvq Zuvi bvgwUI †KD K‡i wb, ev Zuvi †Kv‡bv bvUK †_‡K †Kv‡bv D×…wZI †KD †Kv_vI †`q wb| wKš‘ BDwiwc‡`‡mi Uª‡qi †g‡qiv bvUKwUi GL‡bv bZzb-bZzb Abyev` †ei‡”Q, †mB bvUK wb‡q wMÖKwe`&‡`i wfZi cÖvqB Av‡jvPbv n‡”Q| †Kb Ggb N‡UwQj? KviYUv Lye †mvRv| Av‡_Ý ZLb mvgªvR¨we¯Ívix hy×gvZvj| BDwiwc‡`m wQ‡jb hy×we‡ivax| Uª‡qi hy‡×i Kvwnwb wb‡q †jLv bvUKwU‡Z hy‡×i weiæ‡× ej‡jb| ï‡b, Av‡_‡Ýi `k©Kiv Zuv‡K nvwi‡q w`‡Z †Kv_vKvi GK †R‡bv‡K¬m‡K wRwZ‡q w`‡jv| Avm‡j BDwiwc‡`m‡K nvwi‡q w`j| Avm‡j, hy×we‡ivwaZv‡K nvwi‡q w`‡jv| KjKvZvi Bb‡Wvi †÷wWqv‡g nvRvi K‡É iex›`ªmsMxZ MvIqv n‡”Q| †÷wWqv‡g nvRvi-nvRvi `k©‡Ki emvi e¨e¯’v Av‡Q, wKQy evowZ e¨e¯’vI Kiv n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ nvRvi MvqK‡K emvevi M¨vjvwi evbv‡Z n‡q‡Q| Zuv‡`i MvBevi g‡Zv cwimi w`‡Z n‡q‡Q| KZ Mvb nvRvi K‡Éi mg‡eZ aŸwb‡Z bZzb n‡q DV‡Q| ÔAvb›`aviv ewn‡Q fze‡bÕ MvIqv n‡jv ¯^iweZvb gyw`ªZ my‡i| KwYKv e‡›`¨vcva¨v‡qi MvIqv cÖPwjZ my‡i bv| `k©K-†kÖvZviv Af¨vm KvwU‡q DV‡Z bv-DV‡ZB MvIqv †kl|

†KvbUv Zv n‡j wVK †kvbv n‡e Ñ eûkÖæZ my‡ii MvbwU, bvwK weijkÖæZ ¯^iwjwcfz³ MvbwU? †kvbvi A‡f¨mI †Zv msMx‡Zi MÖvn¨ nIqvi GKwU kZ©| FwZ¡K NU‡Ki myeY©‡iLv cÖ_g †`Lv‡bv n‡”Q fevbxcy‡i GKwU n‡j| mܨvi †kv‡ZB †Zgb wfo nq wb| Avi iv‡Zi †kv cÖvq RbnxbB ejv hvq| Avgiv `yB eÜz †`LwQjvg| `k©K †h K-Rb wQ‡jb, ZuvivI A‡b‡K wKQyÿ‡Yi g‡a¨ †ewi‡q †M‡jb| ZZÿ‡Y msjvc, `„k¨ Avi ivbI‡qi Kvjx Avgv‡`i `yB eÜz‡K week K‡i w`‡q‡Q| weiwZ‡Z jwe‡Z wM‡q wmMv‡iU dzu‡K `g wb‡q Gjvg| `yB eÜzi g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv K_v n‡jv bv| †eva nq n‡jiB †KD G‡m mms‡KvP wRM&‡Mm K‡iwQ‡jb, ÔAvcbviv wK Avi †`L‡eb?Õ `x‡c‡bi (`x‡c›`ªbv_ e‡›`¨vcva¨vq) GKUv fw½ wQj Ñ `uvwo‡q `yB nvZ gv_vi †cQ‡b †`qv| Avwg RvbZvg IUv Ii Mfxi gbtms‡hv‡Mi fw½| †mB fw½‡Z I wRÁvmy‡K Lye gwjb †n‡m ejj, GB wbiæcvq gwjb nvwmUvI Avgvi eo †Pbv Ñ ÔKvj †Zv Avi †`Lv‡eb bv, AvRB †`wL‡q w`b|Õ f`ª‡jvKI GKUz †n‡mB, ÔZv n‡j emyb, Pvwj‡q w`Õ, e‡j P‡j †M‡jb| Zvici KZ w`b, ivZ, eQi †Mj, myeY©‡iLv †`Lv Avi †kl n‡jv bv| GB NUbv¸wj, cÖvq AvovB nvRvi eQ‡i Qov‡bv gvÎ wZbwU NUbv‡K, Avjv`v K‡i wb‡j A‡bK cÖkœB ˆZwi Kiv hvq| wKš‘ Avwg gvÎ GKwU cÖkœ ˆZwi Ki‡Z PvBwQ| †mUv LyeB wbKU eZ©gv‡bi GKwU wkíwRÁvmv| wRÁvmwU n‡”Q Ñ †h-me wkíiƒc Awbevh©ZB GKm‡½ A‡bK `k©K-†kÖvZv wbf©i, †hgb †÷wWqvgmsMxZ I wm‡bgv, †m¸wji bv›`wbK wePvi wK cÖPwjZ-cyi‡bvwPiKvjxb AwfÁZv ev Af¨v‡mi m‡½ wgwj‡q ev wbwi‡L, ev wewa-Dcwewa w`‡q Kiv hvq| bvwK †m¸wji Rb¨ bZzb bv›`wbK

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aviYv ˆZwi Kiv `iKvi? mÄq gy‡Lvcva¨vq Zuvi mv¤úªwZK GKwU cÖe‡Ü Ñ Ô†mvbvwj ch©Ub : QvqvQweÕ (kvi`xq KvjvšÍi, 1420) Ñ K_vwU Zz‡j‡Qb| ZvwË¡K-`vk©wbK GKwU Rvb©v‡j cÖKvwkZ Ggb †jLvwU‡Z wewfbœ †Ljvi R¨všÍ †UwjKv÷ ev Awjw¤úK †Ljvi m¤úvw`Z †UwjKv÷‡KI aiv n‡qwQj GB hyw³‡Z †h, IB †UwjKv÷¸wji cÖv_wgK D‡Ïk¨ Ô†LjvÕ bq, Ô†LjvÕ‡K Dcjÿ K‡i GK bv›`wbK AwfÁZvq `k©K‡K a‡i ivLv| Ggb wPšÍvi †gŠwjKZv I hyw³i †Rvi A¯^xKvi Kiv hvq bv| Avwg †mB DÌvwcZ cÖkœwUi m‡½ w_‡qUviUvI Ry‡o wbjvg mgm¨vi RwUjZv evov‡Z Avi Avgv‡`i GB KjKvZv kn‡ii `y‡Uv AwfÁZv Ry‡o wbjvg mgm¨vi ˆbKU¨ eyS‡Z| g~j †mB †jLvwU‡Z w_‡qUvi‡K cÖvPxb Avw½K g‡b K‡i ev` †`Iqv n‡qwQj| †h-wbwi‡L †÷wWqvg-msMxZ ev wm‡bgv‡K evQv n‡q‡Q, Avgvi g‡b nj, cÖvPxb wMÖ‡mi w_‡qUv‡iI †mB mgm¨v wQj| w_‡qUvi‡K ai‡j mgm¨vUv Avi G‡Kev‡i AvaywbK Kv‡ji bv›`wbK mgm¨v _v‡K bv, wPiKvjxb GKwU mgm¨vB n‡q `uvovq| A‡bK †jvK ev e¨w³-e¨wZ‡iKx mgv‡ek, wK `„k¨wk‡íi bv›`wbKZv A‡bK mgqB wba©viY K‡i? †mB wba©viY ÿgZv wK †mB mgv‡e‡ki mgvRZË¡ w`‡qI A‡bKUv wbqwš¿Z n‡Z cv‡i? hy‡×vb¥v` Av‡_Ý †hgb BDwiwc‡`m‡K cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡iwQj| KjKvZvi wm‡bgv-`k©KI †hgb FwZ¡K NUK‡K cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡iwQj| `k©K ev MÖvnK mgv‡e‡ki mgvRZË¡ hw` cÖZ¨vL¨v‡b mwµq _v‡K, Zv n‡j †mB mgvRZË¡ †Zv MÖn‡YI mwµq _vKvi K_v|

PviæjZv Pjw”P‡Î gvaex gyLvwR©i m‡½ †mŠwgÎ P‡Ævcva¨vq

6

wZwi‡ki `kK †_‡K Kvbbevjvi I cÂv‡ki `kK †_‡K mywPÎv-DËg RywUi Ggb Rb‡gvnbxqZv wK wm‡bgvi Mí, wPÎbvU¨, K¨v‡giv, Awfbq Ñ GBm‡ei Ici wbf©ikxj wQj, bvwK, Ime wQj A‡bKUvB mnvqK Dcv`vb? Kvbbevjv‡Z I mywPÎv-Dˇg, IB mgqKvi wm‡bgvi `k©K IB mg‡qi wfZi wbwnZ Zvi AvKv•ÿvi cÖKvk †`‡LwQ‡jb?

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Gme wb‡q K_vevZ©v ejvi AwaKvi Av‡Q, Ggb †Kv‡bv fzj AvZ¥wek¦vm Avgvi †bB e‡jB †Zv aviYv wQj| †mŠwgÎ P‡Ævcva¨v‡qi wKQy †jLv c‡o Ggb AvZ¥wek¦vm NUj| Avgv‡`i Awfbq RM‡Z, Avgv‡`i gv‡b fvi‡Zi Awfbq RM‡Z, †mŠwgÎ P‡Ævcva¨vq G‡Kev‡i Avjv`v| wZwb †Zv mvivRxeb AwfbqB K‡i‡Qb Ñ bvU‡K I wm‡bgvq| Zuvi gZ bv n‡jI, cÖvq Zuvi gZB, A‡b‡KB †mUv K‡i‡Qb| wKš‘ †mŠwgÎ GB GKUv wel‡q Avi mevi †_‡K Avjv`v †h, wZwb bvUK wb‡q, wm‡bgv wb‡q, Awfbq wb‡q mvivRxebB wj‡L †M‡Qb, GB K_v cÖgvY Ki‡Z Awfbq Zuvi ¯^wbe©vwPZ e„wË, ZvB †mB e„wËi wfZiKvi mgm¨v I DËiY †Pbv I ejvi `vq ZuviB| wZwb Qvov Avi-†KDB †Zv Ggb †jLv †Kv‡bv Kv‡jB †j‡Lb wb| cyi‡bv I mgKvjxb Awfbqwkíx‡`i wb‡q Zuvi †QvU-eo bvbv e¨vL¨v-we‡kølY Avgv‡`i bZzb K‡i wm‡bgv-w_‡qUvi †`L‡Z DrmvwnZ K‡i I bvUK-wdj¥ wb‡q fve‡ZI| Ggb †Kb Av‡iv mevB †j‡Lb bv? hw` wjL‡Zb, Zv n‡j evsjv bvU¨vwfbq I wm‡bgvi BwZnvm

fvevi I †jLvi KvRUv A‡bKUvB mv‡a¨i g‡a¨ AvmZ| evsjv wm‡bgv m¤ú‡K© K‡qKRb wbf©i‡hvM¨ Av‡jvPK wb‡R‡`i ˆZwi K‡i Zz‡j‡Qb evB‡i †_‡K| †h‡nZz evB‡i †_‡K, ZvB Zuv‡`i †jLv¸wj A‡bKUv ZvwË¡K we‡klÁZvq Avgv‡`i mvnvh¨ K‡i| †MŠiv½ cÖmv` †Nvl G‡Kev‡i GKv evsjv wm‡bgvi †h-Z_¨ msMÖn K‡i †M‡Qb Zv GL‡bv e¨envi KivB nq wb| †mŠwgÎ P‡Ævcva¨vq Z‡Ë¡i av‡iKv‡QI †Nu‡lb bv, A_P Zuvi cÖvq cÖwZwU †jLv‡ZB wbwðZ †evSv hvq †mB ZË¡¸wj Zuvi Kv‡Q GKgvÎ cÖ‡qv‡MB wm× n‡Z cv‡i| ZvB Zuvi †jLv¸wj‡Z Zuvi I Ab¨‡`i Awfb‡qi K_vB ïay Av‡m| d‡j, Zuvi GB †jLv¸wj‡Z Avgv‡`i g‡Zv Avbvwo‡`i Rb¨I †ek `iRv †Lvjv _v‡K| Zuvi K_v¸wj †_‡K bZzb K_v Rv‡M| AvgivI †Zv wm‡bgv-w_‡qUvi †`‡LwQ| Zv n‡j AvgivI †Zv G wb‡q `y-GK K_v ej‡Z cvwi| †mB me K_vq †mŠwgÎI D‡ËwRZ n‡q Av‡iv wKQy Ggb †jLv wjL‡Z cv‡ib| Zv‡Z Avgv‡`i jvf| Ggb AvZ¥wkÿv‡_©B GB Av‡jvPbv KiwQ ej‡j AšÍZ Aa©wg_¨v ejv n‡e| Zvi cvc bv Kx cy‡iv wg‡_¨ ejvi PvB‡Z †ewk| †Zgb wg‡_¨ ejvi Rb¨B hywawô‡ii biK`k©b N‡UwQj| †mŠwgÎ Zuvi GB Av‡jvPbv¸wj Awf‡bZv-Awf‡bÎx‡`i g‡a¨B AvU‡K †i‡L‡Qb| wm‡bgv-w_‡qUv‡ii `k©Kiv Kx K‡i Zuv‡`i cÖwZwµqv w`‡q GKwU wdj¥ MÖnY K‡ib, GKwU bvUK ˆZwi K‡ib, GKRb Awf‡bZv‡K ÷vi evwb‡q †d‡jb †mB cÖwµqvwU wb‡q K_v †Zv‡jb wb| e¨vcviwU fve‡j wKš‘ GKUz A™¢zZB jv‡M| bvUK I wm‡bgvi cÖavbZg `ywðšÍv `k©K †b‡e Kx bv, wbj Kx bv| †m evwYwR¨K w_‡qUviB †nvK Avi MÖæc w_‡qUviB †nvK| bvUK ev wm‡bgv bv-ai‡j mg¯Í fvebvwPšÍv cwikÖg e„_v n‡q hvq| Avi aij Kx aij bv Zv ey‡S IVvi Rb¨ mgq _v‡K gvÎ `y-PviwU Awfbq ev `y-Pvi w`‡bi †kv| †KvwU-†KvwU UvKvi wewb‡qvM `k©K-MÖvnK wb‡jb Kx wb‡jb bv, Zv wba©vwiZ n‡q hvq cÖ_g Pvi-cuvP w`‡bB| †mB wm‡bgvwU ev bvUKwU wdwi‡q wb‡q `k©KMÖvn‡Ki cÖZ¨vL¨v‡bi KviY Av›`vR K‡i I †mB Av›`vR Abyhvqx GKUz A`je`j K‡i Avevi g‡Â ev c`©vq wdwi‡q Avbvi K_v †KD KíbvI Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv| Ggb AwbðqZvi g‡a¨ Ggb wk‡íi PP©v Zey Kx K‡i nq? †Kb nq? Gi GKUv DËi Ñ †h-wkíx wm‡bgv ev w_‡qUvi‡K Zuvi AvZ¥cÖKv‡ki GKgvÎ gva¨g wn‡m‡e Rvb‡Z †c‡i †M‡Qb I †mB AvZ¥cÖKv‡ki Rb¨ wb‡R‡K ˆZwi K‡i‡Qb, Zuvi †Zv †Kv‡bv cwiÎvY †bB| wZwb evievi e¨_© n‡Z cv‡ib, Zey, †mB e¨_©Zvq gv_v †Luvov Qvov Zuvi wKQy Kivi _v‡K bv| Ggb `y‰`©e ïay wm‡bgv, w_‡qUvi, M¨vjvwi-msMxZ BZ¨vw` wkícÖKi‡YB NU‡Z cv‡i, †h‡nZz, GB cÖKiY¸wji mvdj¨ wbf©i K‡i eû `k©K-MÖvn‡Ki Aby‡gv`‡bi Ici, Avi †m Aby‡gv`b¸wj eva¨Z NU‡Z nq GK mßv‡ni Kg mg‡q, wZb-PviwU gvÎ Awfb‡q| Ggb wkícÖKiY¸wj †eu‡P _v‡K wKš‘ Ggb cwiPvjK I Awf‡bZv‡`i IciB wbf©i K‡i, huviv wb‡RivI Rv‡bb †h, Zuviv cÖwZfvai bb, A_P huviv `k©K-MÖvn‡Ki Awbw`©ó †h-mgvR, ZviB ARvbv †Kv‡bv cÖZ¨vkv‡K ev myß †Kv‡bv B”Qv‡K c~iY K‡ib, ev cÖvq c~iY K‡ib, ev RvwM‡q †Zv‡jb| ZLb GB `k©K-MÖvnK mgvR †mB cwiPvjK-Awf‡bZv‡K GKk ¸Y mg_©b †`q| GKRb `k©K `k-wekevi GKB wm‡bgv ev w_‡qUvi †`L‡Z wd‡i-wd‡i Av‡mb| †jv‡Ki gy‡L-gy‡L †m-K_v i‡U hvq| evB‡i †_‡K `k©Kiv `y-GK w`‡bi Rb¨ P‡j Av‡mb †mLv‡b, †hLv‡b wm‡bgvwU †`L‡bv n‡”Q ev bvUKwU AwfbxZ n‡”Q|

†djy`v Pwi‡Î †mŠwgÎ P‡Ævcva¨vq wm‡bgv-w_‡qUvi †hgb cwiPvjK-Awf‡bZv‡K †Wvev‡Z cv‡i, †Zgwb, Avevi wmsnvm‡b emv‡ZI cv‡i Ñ IB cuvP-mvZw`‡bi K‡qKwU †kv Avi wZb-PviwU Awfb‡qi mxgvi g‡a¨B| †Kv‡bv GKRb wkíxi gvnvZ¥¨ ev wbðqZv, †Kv‡bv GKwU Mí ˆZwii †KŠkj, wm‡bgv‡UvMÖvwdi †Kv‡bv AwfbeZ¡ Ñ †Kv‡bv wKQyB GUv wbwðZ Ki‡Z cv‡i bv †h, `k©K-MÖvnK IB wm‡bgwU‡K ev bvUKwU‡K Ô†b‡eÕ| ZvB †mB `k©K-MÖvnK mgv‡Ri B‡”Q‡K wbqš¿‡Yi †PóvI wK Kg nq? GKRb Awf‡bZvi RbwcÖqZvi KviY Luy‡R †ei K‡i, †mB ˆewkó¨‡KB cÖavb K‡i Mí evQv, GBfv‡e Ô÷viÕ ˆZwi Kiv| †Kv‡bv Awf‡bÎxi Mjvq †Kv‡bv MvwqKvi Kɯ^‡ii Mvb emv‡bv, µvBg-w_ªjvi, wW‡UKwUf Mí, wK‡kvi-wK‡kvixi †cÖ‡gi Mí, ey‡oveywoi †cÖ‡gi Mí| Ggb Awewk¨ me wkícÖKi‡YB n‡Z cv‡i| GgbwK KweZv‡ZI| wKš‘ wm‡bgv-w_‡qUv‡ii g‡Zv Avi-†Kv‡bv wkícÖKi‡Y †Zv Nv‡oi Ici Ggb Luvov †Sv‡j bv Ñ gvÎv K‡qKwU †kv I K‡qKwU gvÎ Awfbq| GiB wfZi ÷vi ˆZwi nIqv, GiB wfZi GKRb `k©‡Ki evievi wd‡i Avmv, GiB wfZi †Kv‡bv ¯^cœ Luy‡R cvIqv, GiB wfZi †Kv‡bv ¯^‡cœ †R‡M IVv|

wZb

Kvbbevjv evsjv wm‡bgvi cÖ_g mycvi-÷vi| wm‡bgv, cy‡ivcywi wm‡bgv ZL‡bv Rb¥vqB wb| Qwe Pjv‡div K‡i GB gvÎ| Zvici GKUz-AvaUz K_v ejj| ZL‡bv cvÎcvÎxi Mjvq Mvb †kvbv wb‡q SÅvU Kv‡U wb| wKQy cyi‡bv Rvbv Mí w`‡q †h wm‡bgv ïiæ n‡qwQj Zvi mg¯Í UvbUvB wQj GB we¯§q : Qwe P‡j I K_v e‡j| †Zgb Am¤ú~Y© Av‡qvR‡bi g‡a¨ cÖg‡_k eo–qv we‡jZ †_‡K wKQy AvaywbKZv

7

wb‡q G‡jb| wZwi‡ki `k‡Ki †mB gvSvgvwS mg‡q KjKvZvq nwjD‡Wi Qwe G‡m †M‡Q| nwjD‡Wi QweI Am¤ú~Y© I K…r‡KŠk‡j `ye©j wKš‘ KjKvZvq ˆZwi evsjv Qwei PvB‡Z eû¸‡Y DbœZ| evOvwj `k©K nwjD‡Wi wm‡bgvq bZzb †Pv‡L bvix kix‡ii `„k¨Zv Avwe®‹vi Ki‡jb| wek kZ‡Ki ga¨wZwi‡ki KjKvZvq †ggmv‡ne Lye wKQy `yjf © `„k¨ wQj bv| A¨vs‡jv-BbwWqvb mgv‡Ri †g‡q‡`i †cvkvK-AvkvK Pjv‡divI KjKvZvi evOvwj mgv‡Ri †Pbv I †`Lv| wKš‘ evOvwj Ôf`ªÕ ev ÔM„n¯’Õ N‡ii †g‡qiv ZLb, ZL‡bv, Ni †_‡K †e‡ivb wb| Ggb wK gw›`i-Uw›`‡i cy‡Rv w`‡ZI Zuviv †e‡iv‡Zb bv| Zvi cÖgvY AvR‡Ki KjKvZv‡ZI †`Lv hvq| †eŠevRvi w÷ªU‡K hw` Dwbk kZ‡Ki KjKvZvi evOvwj cwjøi `wÿY mxgv e‡j a‡i †bIqv hvq Ñ evMevRv‡ii M½vcvo †_‡K, Zv n‡j GB A‡jB GL‡bv †`Lv hv‡e emZevwoi msjMœ AmsL¨ gw›`i| Av‡iv Dˇii KjKvZv‡Z †Zv cÖvq evwo‡Z-evwo‡ZB Agb gw›`i| ew¯Í GjvKv‡ZI, Ggb wbR¯^ gw›`i bv _vK‡jI, Ggb †Kv‡bv †QvU MwjI cvIqv hv‡e bv †hLv‡b GKUv gw›`i, cÖvq evwoi gw›`‡ii g‡ZvB, †bB| GB gw›`i¸wj ˆZwi K‡i w`‡Zb ew¯Íi gvwjK wn›`y eo‡jvKiv| GB eo‡jvKiv AwaKvskB wQ‡jb wbgœe‡Y©i wn›`y| gw›`i ˆZwi K‡i †`IqvUv wQj Zuv‡`i bvMwiK AvwfRvZ¨ I wn›`y D”PeY©fzw³i Aej¤^b| DËi KjKvZvi GB ev¯‘ I c_-gw›`i¸wji cÖwZôvZv‡`i gve©j-†jLv¸wj hw` †`Lv hvq, Zv n‡jB GUv †evSv hv‡e| wKš‘ KjKvZvq evOvwj †g‡q‡`i G‡Kev‡i †`Lv †hZ bv, ZvI bv| Zuviv wQ‡jb kÖgRxwebx †g‡qiv I †`nRxwebx †g‡qiv| KjKvZvi evOvwj cwjø‡Z me‡P‡q †ewk evRvi I †ek¨vcwjø wQj| †m¸‡jvi gvwjKI wQ‡jb m¤úbœ wn›`y eo‡jv‡Kiv| GB `„k¨-AwfÁZvq jvwjZ evOvwj `k©‡Ki Kv‡Q cÖg‡_k eo–qv wKQyUv DbœZ ai‡bi K¨v‡giv I †iKwW©s‡qi Ici wbf©i K‡i `„k¨-ci¤úiv, msjvc-ci¤úiv I msMxZ-ci¤úiv ˆZwi Ki‡jb| GB ci¤úiv¸wj wew”Qbœ, UzK‡iv-UzK‡iv, GKwU AciwUi m‡½ euvav bq, wKš‘ AveQv GKUv ms‡hvM Zey M‡íi g‡Zv K‡i †h _vKZ, cÖg‡_k eo–qvi wm‡bgvi Mí ˆZwi K‡i †Zvjvi aviYv I ÿgZvi Afv‡e †m-MíI †Kv‡bv MwZ †cZ bv| GZUvB ¯’vYy wQj †mB wm‡bgvi Mí †h †`e`v‡mi g‡Zv RbwcÖq I RbcwiwPZ Kvwnwb I wm‡bgv‡Z ejv n‡”Q Ggb K‡i †hb KZK¸wj w÷j d‡UvMÖvwdi †d«g cici P‡j hv‡”Q| G¸wj cy‡ivcywi ÔUwKÕI bq| KviY `„‡k¨i w÷j †d«g Dcb¨v‡mi K_v¸wj‡K †Qu‡U w`‡Z eva¨ Ki‡Q| †`e`v‡m K_v ejv I nuvUvPjv Qwe †_‡K, †Kv‡bv wm‡bgv ˆZwi Kij bv Avevi †Kv‡bv †Pbv MíI †`Lv ev †kvbv †Mj bv| wKš‘ wm‡bgvi msµgY-ÿgZv cÖgvwYZ n‡jv nq‡Zv, hw` †`e`v‡mB eo–qv-Kjvi cvÄvwe cÖg‡_k cÖ_g c‡i _v‡Kb| wm‡bgvi †mB msµgY-ÿgZv evOvwj `k©K‡K G‡Kev‡i ch©y`¯Í K‡i w`j gyw³ wm‡bgvq I †mUv NUj ïayB Kvbbevjvi Awfbq ÿgZvi Af‚Zc~e© †gŠwjK `vc‡U| ÔAf‚Zc~e©Õ I Ô†gŠwjKÕ kã `ywU Lye †e‡QB e¨envi K‡iwQ| gyw³i Av‡M evsjv wm‡bgvq Awf‡bZv-Awf‡bÎxiv wQ‡jb ¯’vYy| Abo GK RvqMvq `uvwo‡q Zuv‡`i cvU© e‡j †h‡Zb| Zvi d‡j, Awfb‡qi mg¯Í †RviUvB coZ Kɯ^‡ii Ici| †Zgb †Rvi covq Zuv‡`i ¯^i wQj D”PMÖv‡g, wef½ mg„×, ¯úó I K_v-ejvi Zv‡c Rov‡bv| Lye fvj kÖæwZ bvU‡Ki gZ| Kvbbevjv †Zgb ¯^‡ii m‡½ †hvM K‡i w`‡jb MwZ| ÔMwZÕ ev ÔPjbÕB wm‡bgv-w_‡qUv‡ii me‡P‡q eo ¸Y| K¨v‡giv, Av‡jv I ÷zwW‡qvi †mU w_‡qUv‡ii MwZi Ici KZK¸wj AbwZµg¨ evav ˆZwi K‡iwQj Ñ nwjD‡WI, GLv‡bI| g‡Âi Lye fvj Awf‡bZviv wm‡bgv Ki‡Z PvB‡Zb bv

8

IB MwZ cwim‡ii my‡hv‡Mi Afv‡e| gyw³‡Z Kvbbevjv Gme †f‡O w`‡q wm‡bgv-Awfb‡qi GK eb¨v eB‡q w`‡jb Zuvi msjv‡c, †mB msjv‡ci ¯^i‡ÿc‡Y MwZ G‡b, msjv‡ci mgq ev Mvb MvBevi mgq Pj‡b MwZ G‡b I my‡ii MwZ Avi Zuvi kix‡ii MwZi g‡a¨ GK msMwZ ˆZwi K‡i| wm‡bgvi GB msMwZ cÖwZ gyn~‡Z© †f‡O hvq I cÖwZ gyn~‡Z© bZzb K‡i ˆZwi nq| †mUvB wm‡bgvq cÖengvb MwZ m„wó K‡i| b„‡Z¨i m‡½ Gi wgj Av‡Q| b„‡Z¨ cÖ‡Z¨KwU gy`ªv ev fw½ gyn~Z© ¯’vqx I Zvi evB‡ii †Kv‡bv avivevwnKZv _v‡K bv| †mB avivevwnKZv ˆZwi nq `k©‡Ki g‡b| wm‡bgv‡Z GKUv †d«g cieZx© †d«‡gi A‡cÿvi Rb¨ Aw¯’iZv ˆZwi K‡i| †mB †d«g hLb Awf‡bZvAwf‡bÎxi kixi ev gyL‡K a‡i, ZLb †mB †d«g †f‡O covi GKUv MwZI mÂvwiZ nq| evsjv wm‡bgvq, ev nq‡Zv fviZxq wm‡bgv‡ZB, KvbbevjvB cÖ_g wkíx whwb wm‡bgvi Awfb‡qi GB bZzb `„k¨Zv ˆZwi Ki‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb, Avi, m¤¢eZ gyw³‡ZB| G-`„k¨Zv bvU‡Ki Awfb‡qi `„k¨Zv †_‡K m¤ú~Y© Avjv`v| evsjv wm‡bgv‡Z KvbbevjvB GB bZzb `„k¨Zv Avb‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb| Avi cÖvq mevB-B wm‡bgvi Awfbq‡K w_‡qUv‡ii Awfbq fve‡Zb| wkwki fv`yoxI| Kvbbevjvi c‡ÿI GUv m¤¢e n‡qwQj nq‡Zv A‡bK¸wj Kvi‡Y| wKš‘ cÖg‡_k eo–qvi Kvi‡Y bq| cÖg‡_k eo–qv hw` GB Awfbq Kiv‡Z cvi‡Zb, Zv n‡j, †`e`v‡mB cvi‡Zb| ev wZwb wb‡RI Ki‡Z cvi‡Zb| cÖg‡_k wm‡bgvi Awf‡bZv wn‡m‡e Lye m‡PZbZvi cÖgvY iv‡Lb wb| GLv‡b †evanq wkíPP©vi inm¨ Avgiv GKUz †ewk †mvRv K‡i wb‡q fvwe| we‡kl K‡i AvaywbK me wkíPP©vi inm¨| †h‡nZz †mB wkíPP©v Avgiv wk‡LwQjvg mv‡ne‡`i KvQ †_‡K, ZvB Ggb GKUv aviYv GL‡bv Avgv‡`i wfZ‡i wkKo †M‡o Av‡Q †h, †jLvcov bv-Rvb‡j (gv‡b, Bs‡iwR bv Rvb‡j), wk‡í mvdj¨ Av‡m bv| †Pv‡Li mvg‡b †PvL Sj‡m †`Iqv me D`vniY †`‡LI Avgv‡`i G fzj fv‡O bv Ñ hvwgbx ivq, b›`jvj emy, ivgwK¼i, Zvivk¼i, wef‚wZf‚lY, gvwbK e‡›`¨vcva¨vq, Avwj AvKei Luv, wejv‡qr Luv, iwek¼i, Z…wß wgÎ, Zzjmx PµeZx©, Ñ Av‡iv KZR‡biB †Zv bvg Kiv hvq huviv wek¦gh©v`vi wkíx wKš‘ eyw×Rxex bb| Avgvi eis aviYv Abyf‡ei †h A¯úóZvi wfZi w`‡q wkíxi Awbevh© AšÍihvÎv ï× gbbPP©vq GKUz e¨vnZB nq| wk‡íi m‡½ Ae¨ewnZ †h-gbb, Zv †Zv K‡g©i gbb| Zvi m‡½ eyw×RxweZvi †Kv‡bv m¤úK© †bB| wb‡Ri K‡g©i `iKv‡i wkíx‡K †Zv cÖwZ gyn~‡Z© KZ mgm¨vi mgvavb Ki‡Z nq| ZLb †m-mgvavb gbb †_‡K Av‡m bv, Av‡m Kg© †_‡K wb®‹vwkZ Ávb †_‡K| Abyf‡ei †mB hvÎvq wkíx‡K †Zv A‡Üi g‡Zv cv‡qi nv‡Zi Av›`v‡R c_ nvZov‡Z nq| †mLv‡b Zvi GKgvÎ fimv Ñ wbijm †iIqvR, Abykxjb †_‡K mwÂZ K‡g©i AwfÁZv| wkíxi †h-KvR Zvi cwiYZZg KvR e‡j Avgiv c‡i wP‡b wb‡Z cvwi, †mUvI Zuvi Abykxj‡biB AšÍM©Z| Avgv‡`i †`‡k, cov‡kvbv, Bs‡iwRcov, Ggb GKUv mvgvwRK ÿgZv †`q †h, Ggb GKUv weåvšÍ †PZbv ˆZwi n‡qB _v‡K †h-wkíPP©v, we‡kl K‡i AvaywbK wkíPP©v, Bs‡iwR wkÿvwbf©i| GgbwK AwfbqI| Avgv‡`i †`‡k Bs‡iwR-Rvbv wkíx A‡bK mgq wk‡íi mgm¨v †gUv‡Z gv_vi Ici wbf©i K‡i †d‡jb| Zv‡Z KZ-†h me©bvk nq| cÖg‡_k eo–qvi †ejv‡Z †ZgbB N‡UwQj| we‡`k †_‡K wm‡bgvi wKQy K…r‡KŠkj wk‡L G‡mwQ‡jb, we‡`wk wm‡bgv †`Lvi AwfÁZvI wQj, mvwnZ¨‡evaI nq‡Zv wQj, ZvB gyw³i g‡Zv GKwU Mí evQ‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb| Avm‡j, †m-M‡íi †Kv‡bv gv_vgyÐz wQj bv| evsjv wm‡bgvi †mB åƒYKv‡j Ggb GKwU Mí evQvi †cQ‡b

Awfhvb Pjw”P‡Î iægv ¸nVvKziZvi m‡½ KvR K‡i GK weåvšÍ †PZbv : wm‡bgvUv n‡Z n‡e, mv‡neiv hv‡K wm‡bgv e‡jb, †Zgb| GUvB wQj †mB åƒYKv‡ji aviYv| hZB fw½g~jK ev agx©q M‡íi Qwe †nvK| †m¸wjI mv‡ne‡`i g‡Zv fvev wm‡bgv| †g‡q‡`i †Nvovq Pov, bvqK-bvwqKvi Avwj½b I Pz¤^b Gme wek kZ‡Ki we‡ki `k‡KB evsjvi wm‡bgvq G‡m †M‡Q| mv‡ne‡`i gZ wm‡bgv evbv‡bvi Rb¨ AevOvwj Awf‡bÎx ev A¨vs‡jv-BwÛqvb Awf‡bÎx‡`i w`‡q Awfbq Kiv‡bv nZ|

Pvi

gyw³‡Z Kvbbevjv †Kv‡bv †eLvàv AwZwi³ mvnm †`Lvb wb| R‡j nuvm †hgb †b‡g hvq, GKUzI cv bv no‡K, †hb nuv‡mi kix‡i gvwU Avi R‡ji †Kv‡bv cv_©K¨B †bB, †mB m”QjZvq wZwb ZLbKvi K¨v‡giv‡K eva¨ Ki‡jb Zuv‡K AbymiY Ki‡Z, wZwb K¨v‡giv‡K AbymiY Ki‡jb bv Ñ whwb K¨v‡giv Ki‡Qb wZwbI euvavaiv M‡Zi evB‡i †h‡Z mvnm †c‡jb| Kvbbevjv ZLbKvi kãMÖvnK hš¿‡KI eva¨ Ki‡jb Zuvi AšÍivjeZx© ¯^i‡K Dcw¯’Z Ki‡Z Ñ wZwb hš¿‡K AbymiY Ki‡jb bv Ñ whwb kã †iKW© Ki‡Qb wZwbI euvavaiv M‡Zi evB‡i †h‡Z mvnm †c‡jb| ¯^‡ii AåvšÍ Mg‡K Kvbbevjv Zuvi A`„k¨ Dcw¯’wZ ¯úó K‡i w`‡jb| Zuvi ¯^i‡ÿcYI GKUz DuPz‡Z nZ| Zuvi ¯^i D”P I wbgœ `yB MÖv‡gB Ggb ¯^vfvweK wQj †h, Zuvi ¯^ivšÍi¸wj Zuvi m‡½B gvwb‡q †hZ| G GK Ggb ¯^vfvweKZv hv‡K Avgiv fMeÏI e‡j _vwK| ¯^vfvweK ev fMeÏI hvB †nvK, e¨envi †Zv Ki‡Qb huvi ¯^i wZwbB| Kvbbevjv Zuvi wb‡R‡K e¨env‡i Zuvi cwiPvjK I Ab¨vb¨ wb‡`©kK‡K Qvwc‡q †h‡Zb| Zuv‡K `k©‡Ki †Kv_vI A‡Pbv †VKZ bv| Avevi †mB †Pbvi g‡a¨B ¯^‡ii my‡i `k©K A‡Pbv‡KI ïb‡Zb I †`L‡Zb| Kvbbevjv Zuvi Awfb‡q A‡Pbv n‡q DV‡Zb, A‡Pbvi †ivg¨vÝ Zuv‡K wN‡i `k©‡Ki g‡b †R‡M

DVZ Avi `k©K, evsjv wm‡bgvi `k©K †mB cÖ_g GKUv evsjv wm‡bgvq Zuvi †Pbv Mjvi ¯^‡i, Zuvi †`Lv wKQy fw½‡Z A‡Pbvq eyu` n‡q †M‡jb| hLb Kvbbevjv wb‡Ri Mjvq Mvb †M‡q DV‡Qb Ñ ÔAvR mevi i‡O...Õ ZLb †mB Mv‡bi kvixwiK D™¢vmb NU‡Q Zuvi Mjvi wkivq I †cwk‡Z, Zuvi †Kvgj gy‡L Qwo‡q co‡Q Mvb MvBevi GK wefv, jq-Zvj ivLvi m‡PZbZvq GKUz AvZ¥gMœZvI G‡m hv‡”Q †Pbv gyLwU‡Z, Avi GKRb Awf‡bÎxi m¤ú~Y© bZzb gva¨‡gi Awfb‡q ˆZwi n‡”Q wm‡bgvi fvlv| GLb Avgiv wm‡bgv m¤ú‡K© A‡bK wKQy †R‡bwQ, RvbwQ| †mB Rvbv¸wj w`‡q hw` Avgiv cÖvK&-mZ¨wRr evsjv wm‡bgv‡K wePvi Kwi, Zv n‡j ïay GUzKzB cÖgvY n‡e †h, mZ¨wRr Ges g„Yvj-FwZ¡K I ZviI c‡ii A‡bK A‡bK m‡PZb, `ÿ cwiPvjK I Awf‡bZv m‡Ë¡I Avgiv GL‡bv wm‡bgv Kv‡K e‡j †m-m¤ú‡K© cwi®‹vi I ¯^”Q aviYvq Af¨¯Í n‡q DV‡Z cvwi wb| GLbKvi A‡bK cwiPvjK AZ¨šÍ Mfx‡i Rv‡bb Ñ wm‡bgv cwiPvj‡Ki m„wó| GI Rv‡bb Ñ wm‡bgv Awf‡bZvi ev wm‡bgv‡UvMÖvdv‡ii m„wó bq| Zuviv me mgqB cÖ‡qvRbxq Dcv`vb| cwiPvjKB Zuvi M‡íi Awf‡bZv I wm‡bgv‡UvMÖvdvi †e‡Q †bb| wKš‘, GB wbwðZ Rvbvi m‡½-m‡½ Zuviv GB mZ¨wUI Rv‡bb Ñ wm‡bgv GgbB GKwU wkíKiY, `k©KI hvi Acwinvh© mªóv| Zuviv GI Rv‡bb Ñ GKUv wm‡bgv ˆZwi Ki‡Z cwiPvj‡Ki jvM‡Z cv‡i, Ggb wK, cuvP eQiI, ZviciI †mUv †`Lv‡bv bv n‡Z cv‡i, Avi GKUv wm‡bgv MÖnY-eR©b Ki‡Z `k©‡Ki jv‡M Lye †ewk n‡j mvZ w`b, Lye Kg n‡j GK w`b| Av‡iv Kg n‡j, Ggb wK, GKwU gvÎ †kv| FwZ¡K NU‡Ki †Zgb `yf©vM¨I N‡U‡Q| wm‡bgv Ggb GKwU wkícÖKiY hvi †Kv‡bv cwiPvj‡Ki g„Zz¨i c‡i †Kv‡bv cybRx©eb †bB| GB eva¨Zv †g‡b wb‡qB GLbKvi Pjw”PÎKviiv wm‡bgv ˆZwi K‡ib| GB wec¾bK I †Pvivevwji ev¯Í ‡ eI FZz c Y© ,

9

AcY©v †mb, †MŠZg †Nvl ¯§iYxq me wdj¥ Ki‡Z cvi‡Qb G GK evsjvi we¯§qKi m„wóÿgZvi †Rv‡iB m¤¢e| Avi, Zuv‡`i GB me †Póv †_‡KB evsjv wm‡bgvq `k©K‡`i m„wókxj f‚wgKv ¯úó n‡”Q| P¨v‡bj¸wji wmwiqvj¸wji d‡j evsjv wm‡bgvi `k©K evQvB n‡q hv‡”Q| evQvBUv w`‡b w`‡b Av‡iv evo‡e| n‡j huviv wm‡bgv †`L‡Z hv‡eb Zuviv wm‡bgv‡Z wmwiqv‡ji g‡Zv Mí †`Lvi cÖZ¨vkv wb‡q n‡j hv‡eb bv| d‡j Ñ cwiPvjK `k©‡Ki wm‡bgv ˆZwii cwim‡ii †hŠ_Zvi f‚wgKv w`‡b w`‡b ¯úó n‡e| NUbvUv Ggb bq †h, wmwiqv‡ji `k©K I Ôfv‡jvÕ wm‡bgvi `k©K Avjv`v| GKB `k©K `y‡UvB †`‡Lb| †mB `yB-†`Lvi RvqMvUv hw` Avjv`v n‡q hvq Zv n‡j `yB iK‡gi †`LvB _vK‡e| G‡Kev‡i mv¤úªwZK A‡bK wm‡bgv‡ZB wKš‘ GB cÖwµqvi Kvh©KvwiZv jÿ Kiv hv‡”Q| GLbKvi cwiPvjKiv Rv‡bb wm‡bgv Kx I Zuvi Avi `k©‡Ki f‚wgKv Kx| Zuviv mÁvb m‡PZbZvq cwiPvjK `k©‡Ki mgxKiY LuR y ‡Qb| cÖvK&-mZ¨wRr evsjv wm‡bgvi cwiPvjK‡`i GB m‡PZbZv wQjB bv| wm‡bgvi `„k¨Zv, `„k¨Zvi msen‡bi MwZ, †K¬vR-wgwWqvg-js k‡Ui A_©‰ewPΨ, Awf‡bZv‡`i K_v ejvi aib, ¯^vfvweK Av‡jv I K…wÎg Av‡jvi A_©všÍi, wm‡bgvi †mU I bvU‡Ki g‡Âi cv_©K¨, Av‡jvi iKg‡di, Awfb‡q A_© ˆZwi‡Z †PvL-†VuvU-Kcvj GB wZb mÂvjbÿg A‡½i e¨envi I nuvUvPjv, Nvo †Nviv‡bv I ¯^vfvweK, ˆ`wbK I †Pbv A½fw½‡Z A‡bK A_© ˆZwi Kiv I A_©všÍi NUv‡bv Ñ wm‡bgvi wbR¯^ wbg©v‡Yi GB AšÍi½ Dcv`vb-inm¨ cÖvK&-mZ¨wRr evsjv wm‡bgvq, wm‡bgvUv huviv ˆZwi Ki‡Qb Zuv‡`i, Kv‡iv Rvbv wQj, Ggb †Kv‡bv cÖgvY †bB| wKš‘ GLv‡bI, GB mg‡qB, Avevi GK Awf‡bÎx wm‡bgv wbg©v‡Yi mg¯Í c×wZi Ic‡i wb‡R‡K cÖwZôv Ki‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb| †mB cÖwµqvi †K‡›`ª wQ‡jb †mB Awf‡bÎx, mywPÎv †mb| AZ¨šÍ Kg mg‡qi g‡a¨ mywPÎv †mb I DËgKzgvi GK RywU n‡q DV‡jb I evsjv wm‡bgvq bZzb aviv ˆZwi K‡i †dj‡jb| Avgvi hw` mb-Zvwi‡Li Lye GKUv eo †Mvjgvj bv N‡U _v‡K, Zvn‡j wK Ggb GKUv K_v ejv hvq †h 1954‡Z AwMœcixÿvq DËg-mywPÎv RywU I 1955‡Z c‡_i cuvPvjx evsjv wm‡bgvi mgvšÍivj A_P cwic~iK aviv ˆZwi K‡i w`‡jv? c‡_i cuvPvjx `ywbqvi Pjw”P‡ÎB cÖv³b Dcwb‡e‡ki ev¯Íe‡K AvaywbK wkícÖKi‡Yi welq K‡i Zzjj| wKš‘ †h‡nZz evsjv fvlvi wm‡bgv, evsjv M‡íi wm‡bgv, evOvwj Awf‡bZv-Awf‡bÎx‡`i wb‡q †Zvjv wm‡bgv Ñ ZvB evsjv wm‡bgvi Ici c‡_i cuvPvjxi I mZ¨wRr iv‡qi cÖfve G‡Kev‡i cÖZ¨ÿ| mywPÎv-DËg RywUi †ejvq Zuv‡`i AwfbxZ wm‡bgv¸wj G‡Kev‡i n‡q DVj evsjviB wbR¯^| GgbUv m¤¢e n‡qwQj †Kb| Kvbbevjv nwjD‡Wi Qwe-†`Lv kû‡i ga¨weË `k©K †_‡K ïiæ K‡i mviv evsjvq Qov‡bv AwkwÿZ mvaviY gvby‡li Kv‡Q Zuv‡`i wbR¯^ bvwqKv n‡q D‡VwQ‡jb| Zuvi †ekevm, †Kkweb¨vm, evKfw½, Pjv‡div ga¨weË evOvwj †g‡q‡`i N‡ii evB‡i †U‡b Avbj| Zuviv Kvbb‡K †`L‡Z wm‡bgv n‡j Avm‡Z ïiæ K‡iwQ‡jb| †g‡q‡`i Ggb evwoi evB‡i Avmvq cyiælZ‡š¿i Lye GKUv wb‡laI wQj bv, KviY, Kvbb Zuv‡`i wcÖq wQ‡jb Avi †mB wcÖqZvi †cQ‡b Lye GKUv AmvgvwRKZv wQj bv| d‡j Kvbb evOvwji N‡ii wfZi G‡m c‡owQ‡jb| †hLv‡b wm‡bgv †cuŠ‡Q‡Q †mLv‡bB evOvwj †g‡qiv Kvb‡bi g‡Zv mvR‡Zb| †hLv‡b wm‡bgv †cuŠQq wb, †mLvbKvi †g‡qivI Ab¨‡`i †`‡L mvR‡Zb| ¯^vaxbZvi ci I cÖ_g cÂevwl©K cwiKíbvi mgq Ry‡o †`‡ki bMiRxe‡bi mgvRwPšÍvq I cvwievwiKwPšÍvq bZzb e`j N‡U hvw”Qj| †g‡q‡`i Rxebhvc‡bi GKwU KvMR †e‡ivj Ñ

10

†dweŸbv| Ôj¨vKwgÕ †Kv¤úvwb Zuv‡`i weÁvc‡b †g‡q‡`iB wbR¯^ RxebPh©vi GKUv AvenvIqv ˆZwi Ki‡jb I †g‡q‡`i mvR‡Mv‡Ri we‡kl-we‡kl `ªe¨ gd¯^‡ji †`vKvb¸wj‡ZI †cuŠ‡Q †Mj| Lye e¨vcK bv n‡jI evOvwj †g‡q‡`i g‡a¨ wjcw÷‡Ki e¨enviI ïiæ nj| †g‡q‡`i AšÍev© m we‡kl K‡i weÁvwcZ nZ I †mme e¨env‡ii c×wZI weÁvc‡bB cÖPvwiZ nZ| Ggb GKUv cwi‡ek wKQyUv A‡MvP‡i ˆZwi nw”Qj, †h-cwi‡e‡k †g‡q‡`i kvwo-civi aib, eøvD‡Ri QuvU, †Kkweb¨vmI GKUz GKUz e`‡j hvw”Qj| †g‡q‡`i wb‡R‡`i wfZi GB m‡PZbZv A‡bK †ewk mRxe wQj| GuivB wQ‡jb mywPÎv †m‡bi cÖv_wgK `k©K| `k©K, mywPÎvi wfZi wb‡Ri Qwe †`L‡Z PvBj| DËgKzgvi I mywPÎv RywU †mB B”Qvi Avavi n‡q DVj GK cvwievwiK mvgvwRKZvq| `yR‡bi †Pnvivq cwic~iKZv wQj, `yR‡bi kvixwiK gy`vª ‡ZI GKUv cwic~iKZv `k©K Kíbv K‡i wb‡Z cvi‡Zb| `yR‡b hLb wm‡bgvq K_v ej‡Zb ev wm‡bgvi M‡íi ïiæi w`‡K ci¯ú‡ii we‡ivwaZv Ki‡Zb, †mB we‡ivwaZvi g‡a¨I GKUv †h cwic~iKZvi Avfvm ˆZwi n‡Zv, Zv wPÎbv‡U¨i AšÍMZ © bq Ñ `k©‡Ki cÖZ¨vkvi AšÍMZ © I `k©‡Ki GB cÖZ¨vkv m¤ú‡K© DËg-mywPÎvi c~e© Abygv‡bi AšÍMZ © | d‡j, wm‡bgvi c`©vq †h wm‡bgvi Mí ˆZwi nZ, c`©vi mvg‡b wm‡bgv n‡ji AÜKv‡iI GKUv wm‡bgv ˆZwi n‡Z _ vKZ| `k©K I wm‡bgv ci¯úi‡K iPbv K‡i ZzjZ| Avgiv GB †jLvwUi G‡Kev‡i ïiæ‡Z M¨vjvwi-msMxZ, wm‡bgv I w_‡qUv‡ii `k©K-†kÖvZvi m‡½ ms‡hv‡Mi †h bv›`wbK mgm¨vi K_v e‡jwQjvg, evsjv wm‡bgvq Zvi GKUv gxgvsmv N‡UwQj mywPÎv-DËg RywU‡Z| evsjv wm‡bgvq Avi GKwU eo NUbvq Ñ mywPÎv-Dˇgi RbwcÖq aviv I c‡_i cuvPvjxi wewkóZvi avivi g‡a¨ GK muv‡Kv n‡q †M‡jb †mŠwgÎ P‡Ævcva¨vq Ñ mZ¨wRr iv‡qi bvqK| †mŠwgÎ wb‡RB GKwU †jLvq e¨vL¨v K‡i‡Qb Ñ Acyi msmv‡ii Acy Zuv‡`i mg‡qiB cÖwZwbwa g‡b n‡qwQj Zuvi| nq‡Zv wKQyUv wVK| wØZxq cÂevwl©K cwiKíbvq Avgv‡`i bvMwiK Rxeb Lye ZvovZvwo e`‡j hvw”Qj| aywZ D‡V wM‡q c¨v›U civ ïiæ n‡jv gvÎ `y-wZb eQ‡i| wP‡bi AvµgY, cvwK¯Ív‡bi m‡½ hy×, KwgDwb÷‡`i †`k‡`ªvnx e‡j †R‡j †cviv Ñ GB me wgwj‡q Avgv‡`i †PvLUv wb‡R‡`i wfZi w`‡K Ny‡i †Mj| evsjv wm‡bgvq AšÍgL©y x bvqK ev Awf‡bZv cÖvq †bB ej‡jB nq| GUv †evanq Avgv‡`i wm‡bgv-Awf‡bZv‡`i mxgve×Zv| wn‡iv, K¨v‡i±vi A¨vKwUs, wf‡jBb, mve-K¨v‡i±vi, K‡gwWqvb Ñ GB me wefvR‡bi g‡a¨ Pwi‡Îi ewngyw© LZvB cÖavb| Avgvi †Zv g‡bB c‡o bv Ñ Zzjmx PµeZx© Qvov †Kv‡bv AšÍgLy© x eo Awf‡bZv wQ‡jb| Zzjmx PµeZx© GK Avðh© Awf‡bZv whwb, Zuvi Awfb‡q, Abycw¯’Z Avi GK ev¯ÍeZv‡K, hv Zuvi g‡b Av‡Q, ¯úk©MvÖ n¨ K‡i Zzj‡Z cvi‡Zb| †mŠwgÎ evsjv wm‡bgvi †mB cÖ_g AšÍgL©y x bvqK| wZwb mZ¨wRr iv‡qi aviv †_‡K RbwcÖq ewng©Ly x avivq G‡m, Dfq avivi g‡a¨ HwZnvwmK ms‡hvMwU NwU‡q w`‡jb, †h-ms‡hvM A‡MvP‡i `k©K‡`i AwfÁZvq N‡U wM‡qwQj Av‡MB| DËg-mywPÎv, DËg-†mŠwgÎ wb‡q A‡bK K_v n‡q‡Q I n‡e| †mŠwgÎ GKwU †jLvq Ñ Dˇgi Awfbq-ˆewkó¨ I Zuvi m‡½ Dˇgi cv_©K¨, AvšÍwiK mijZvq I mZZvq e¨vL¨v K‡i‡Qb| BwZnvm †Kv‡bv-†Kv‡bv mgq GKUz wbVzi `iw`| mywPÎv-DËg RywUi mywPÎvi bvqK wn‡m‡e, Dˇgi wecixZ ai‡bi Awf‡bZv †mŠwgÎ, hLb mvZ cv‡K euvav‡Z Awfbq Ki‡jb, ZLbB evsjv wm‡bgvi ewngyL© x avivi Aemvb n‡q †Mj I RywUi wgjb wPiKv‡ji Rb¨ †f‡O †Mj| `yR‡b Avjv`v n‡q †M‡jb Ñ †mŠwgÎ Zuvi Av‡iv AÁvZ AšÍg‡©y L I mywPÎvI Zuvi cÖ_g AšÍg‡©y L| r

Ôkv-RvnvbÕ Avi-GKevi mbrKzgvi mvnv

A

bygvb, mvaviY wePv‡i Ôkv-RvnvbÕ iex›`ªbv‡_i †miv KweZvi GKwU| Av‡Rv Gi L¨vwZ Agwjb| evievi c‡oI cyi‡bv nq bv| evYxi MfxiZv I Mv¤¢xh© †Kv_vI-†Kv_vI cÖev`Zzj¨| gvayh© I e¨Äbv †PZbvi eûZ‡j GKm‡½ Nv †`q| mvov RvMvq| †XD‡qi ci †XD Zv‡`i ïiæ †_‡K †kl ch©šÍ mgvbZv‡j engvb| Avgiv Avweó n‡q cwo| mgvwß Zvi †ik †i‡L hvq| Kv‡ji avivq †g‡k| ÿq nq bv| K_v¸‡jv bZzb bq| A‡b‡K A‡bK RvqMvq bvbv cÖm‡½ e‡j‡Qb| cybive„wË Ab_©K| wKš‘ Kvj †Zv wb‡R †fvj cvjUvq| gvby‡li †`Lvi †PvLI e`‡j hvq| g‡bi ZvwM`I| †mBm‡½ e`‡j †h‡Z cv‡i KweZvi fveiƒcI| Kwei Afxó jÿ¨ †_‡K Zv m‡i †h‡Z cv‡i A‡bK `~i| hw`I cÖZ¨‡ÿ iƒc Zvi AwePj _v‡K| GLv‡b Kv‡iv wKQy Kivi _v‡K bv Ñ Avcb-Avcb `„wó‡KvY †_‡K IB KweZv‡K Abyf‡e aivi †Póv Kiv Qvov| †mLv‡b AvR Avevi Ôkv-RvnvbÕ c‡o Kv‡iv g‡bi cÖwZwµqv hv-n‡e, Zv cÖ_g cÖKv‡ki ci GB KweZv cvVK-†PZbvq †h AwfNvZ m„wó K‡iwQj, Zvi m‡½ Lv‡c-Lv‡c wg‡j hv‡e, GgbwU ejv hvq bv| GgbwK Kwei `~iZg fvebv‡KI Zv j•Nb Ki‡Z cv‡i| A_ev n‡Z cv‡i, Kwe-†PZbvi Mfx‡i myß †_‡K Ggb wKQy IB m„wó‡Z †Mvcb cÖv‡Yi m¤¢vebv jywK‡q †i‡L‡Q, hv Kwei RvMÖZ g‡bi A‡MvP‡i †_‡K †M‡Q, A_ev wZwb wb‡RB †Kv‡bv Avov‡j Av¯’v †i‡L‡Qb, Kvj hvi mvR-evR me NywP‡q w`‡q‡Q| Zvic‡iI IB m„wói AvKl©Y †h AÿzYœ _vK‡Z cv‡i bv,

Zv bq, Z‡e IB AvKl©‡Yi AwfgyL I MwZc_ GKB _vK‡e, G-K_v ejvi ev wek¦vm Kivi †Kv‡bv wfwË Lyu‡R cvB bv| hw` GK _v‡K, Zvic‡iI †`Lvq wfbœZv Av‡m| ev¯Í‡ei cvÎ-cvÎx Avcbv †_‡K e`‡j hvq| G-K_v Aek¨ Kwe wb‡RI †e`bvi m‡½ Dcjwä K‡i‡Qb| G-KweZv‡ZI Zv fvebvi Drmgy‡L Zuvi cÖZ¨qf‚wg‡Z wg‡k wM‡q Zuv‡K m„wóKjvq PvwjZ K‡i‡Q| ZvB AvR Avevi Ôkv-RvnvbÕ wb‡q K_v ej‡j Zv †h bZzb †evZ‡j cyi‡bv g` n‡e, A_ev cyi‡bv †evZ‡jB cyi‡bv g`, G-Awf‡hvM Av‡M †_‡K †KD gv_vq †Mu‡_ ivL‡j, mweb‡q ewj, wePvi †evanq h_v_© n‡e bv| Aek¨ Avwg cov‡kvbv Lye †ewk Kwiwb| Avi †KD Av‡M †_‡K Avgvi K_v e‡j _vK‡Z cv‡ib, Avwg Rvwb bv, †Zgb n‡j Avcbv †_‡K G-†jLv LvwiR n‡q hv‡e| `yB KweZvi c¨viv‡d«R ev ¯ÍeK web¨v‡m avivevwnK mij M‡`¨ Zvi A_© AbymiY Zv‡K †evSvi GK cÖv_wgK cÖqvm| Aek¨B h‡_ó bq| Z‡e m¤¢vebvi Bw½Z nq‡Zv wKQy †g‡j| Gfv‡e Ôkv-Rvnv‡bÕ cici cvB ÿY¯’vqx ÔRxeb †hŠeb abgv‡biÕ K_v †R‡bI wcÖq cZœx ggZv‡Ri g„Zz¨i ci Zuvi ¯§„wZ BnRM‡Z Aÿq K‡i ivLvi evmbvq ÔGK we›`y bq‡bi Rj Kv‡ji K‡cvjZ‡j ïåmgy¾¡j ... ZvRgnjÕ wbg©v‡Y mgªv‡Ui mdj `yivKv•ÿv, wKš‘ `yivKv•ÿvi KZ©vi gZ©¨Rxe‡b ÿY¯’vwqZ¡ : Ô†Zvgvi mÂq, w`bv‡šÍ wbkv‡šÍ ïay c_cÖv‡šÍ †d‡j †h‡Z nq| bvB bvB bvB †h mgq|Õ Zv‡K

11

AwZµg Ki‡ZB †hb ÔAkvšÍ µ›`‡b wPi‡gŠbRvj w`‡q †eu‡a w`‡j KwVb e܇b|... †mŠ›`‡h©i cy®úcy‡Ä cÖkvšÍ cvlv‡Y|Õ GB †mŠ›`h©`~Z †hb hyM-hyM a‡i Kv‡ji cÖniv Gwo‡q evK¨nviv GB evZ©vB ïay ïwb‡q P‡j‡Q, Ôfzwj bvB, fzwj bvB, fzwj bvB wcÖqv|Õ GLv‡b Kwe GK wecixZ ¯^i †hvM K‡i‡Qb| cÖkœ Zz‡j‡Qb, kv-Rvnvb wb‡RI hLb P‡j hvb Ges GB P‡j hvIqv Awbevh©; KviY, ÔRxe‡b‡i †K ivwL‡Z cv‡i! AvKv‡ki cÖwZ Zviv WvwK‡Q Zvnv‡i| Zvi wbgš¿Y †jv‡K †jv‡K be be c~e©vP‡j Av‡jv‡K Av‡jv‡K| ¯§i‡Yi MÖwš’ Uz‡U †m †h hvq Qy‡U wek¦c‡_ eÜbwenxb|Õ me †k‡l ¯^qs ZvRgnj †hb Zvi nvnvKvi †kvbvq Ñ ÔhZ`~i PvB bvB bvB †m cw_K bvB|... ZvB ¯§„wZfv‡i Avwg c‡o AvwQ fvigy³ †m GLv‡b bvB|Õ GB bv _vKv c~Y©Zvi c‡_ AwfhvÎv| Zv‡ZB kv-Rvnv‡bi gwngv| Avgvi g‡b nq, G‡Z Zzjbvq wKš‘ ZvRgnj wKQyUv gøvb nq| †m hw` kv-Rvnv‡bi AvKzwZi cÖwZwbwa nq, Avi Kvj‡K civ¯Í K‡i Rvwb‡q P‡j, Ôfzwj bvB, fzwj bvB, fzwj bvB wcÖqvÕ, Z‡e GB evYxi e܇b kv-RvnvbI AvU‡K c‡o| hw` Zv bv nq, Z‡e ZvRgnj ïay GK ¯§viKwPý gvÎ _v‡K| Gi †ewk wKQy bq| Zvi Av‡e`b †h hyM-hyM a‡i gvby‡li Av‡eM‡K Av‡›`vwjZ K‡i P‡j‡Q, Zv gh©v`v nvivq| ¯§viK wn‡m‡e Zvi mv_©KZv KweZvq D™¢vwmZ nIqvi my‡hvM _vK‡jI Kwe wKš‘ Zv Gwo‡q †M‡Qb| cÖm½wU AvcvZZ gyjZwe ivwL| c‡i my‡hvM †c‡j †f‡e †`Lv hv‡e| mÂwqZv huviv m¤úv`bv K‡i‡Qb, Zuviv iex›`ªbv_‡K mvÿx †g‡bB GB KweZvi fvev`k© I cwiYwZi GK msMZ e¨vL¨v nvwRi K‡i‡Qb| cwiwk‡ó ÔMÖšc ’ wiPqÕ As‡k GB KweZvi wb‡`©k m~Î wn‡m‡e Zuviv Rvbv‡”Qb, Ôiex›`ªbv‡_i GB fve I wPšÍvaviv KZ my`i~ cÖmvix Zvnvi wb`k©b-¯^iƒc 1292 mv‡ji evjK cÎ (c„ 427-30) nB‡Z Kwei GKwU iPbvi wKq`sk msKwjZ nBj|Õ Ñ RM‡Zi g‡a¨ Avgv‡`i Ggb ÔGKÕ bvB hvnv Avgv‡`i wPiw`‡bi Aej¤^bxq| cÖK…wZ µgvMZB Avgvw`M‡K ÔGKÕ nB‡Z GKvšÍ‡i jBqv hvB‡Z‡Q Ñ GK Kvwoqv Avi-GK w`‡Z‡Q| Avgv‡`i ˆkk‡ei ÔGKÕ †hŠe‡bi ÔGKÕ b‡n, †hŠe‡bi ÔGKÕ eva©‡K¨i ÔGKÕ b‡n, BnR‡b¥i ÔGKÕ ciR‡b¥i ÔGKÕ b‡n| GBiƒc kZmnmª G‡Ki ga¨ w`qv cÖK…wZ Avgv‡`i †mB GK gnr ÔG‡KiÕ w`‡K jBqv hvB‡Z‡Q| †mB w`‡KB Avgvw`M‡K AMÖmi nB‡Z nB‡e, c‡_i g‡a¨ e× nBqv _vwK‡Z Avwm bvB... Avwg ˆeivM¨ wkLvB‡ZwQ| AbyivM eÜ Kwiqv bv ivwL‡j Zvnv‡KB ˆeivM¨ e‡j, A_©vr e„nr AbyivM‡KB ˆeivM¨ e‡j|... †cÖg Rvýexi b¨vq cÖevwnZ nBevi Rb¨ nBqv‡Q| Zvnvi cÖengvb †mªv‡Zi Dc‡i mxj-†gvn‡ii Qvc gvwiqv ÔAvgviÕ ewjqv †Kn awiqv ivwL‡Z cv‡i bv| †m Rb¥ nB‡Z Rb¥všÍ‡i cÖevwnZ nB‡e|... we¯§„wZi ga¨ w`qv ˆewPΨ I ˆewP‡Î¨i ga¨ w`qv Amxg G‡Ki w`‡K µgvMZ avegvb nB‡Z nB‡e, Ab¨ c_ †`wL bv| Zuviv iex›`ªbv‡_i wewPÎ cÖeÜMÖ‡š’ Ôiæ×M„nÕ I Ôc_cÖv‡šÍÕ cÖeÜ `y‡Uv †`L‡Z e‡j‡Qb| Avgvi webxZ wb‡e`b, GB KuvPv `vk©wbKZvi Ici wbf©i bv K‡iI Ôkv-RvnvbÕ cov hvq Ges Zv‡Z †Kv‡bv NvUwZ _v‡K bv| eis AZ…wß I Ac~Y©Zvi †eva KweZv‡K gwngvwš^Z K‡i| iex›`ªbv_ wb‡RI mvivRxeb GB bxwZ †g‡b KweZv †j‡Lbwb| Ab¨ m„wókxj wkíKg©I GB g~j¨gv‡b evav w`‡q iv‡Lbwb| Ôkv-RvnvbÕ KweZv covi mgq mevB †Lqvj Kwi wK bv Rvwb

12

bv, 1321 e½v‡ãi KvwZ©K gv‡m GMv‡iv w`‡bi e¨eav‡b Ñ †Zmiv KvwZ©K I †PvÏB KvwZ©K Ñ GKB RvqMv Gjvnvev‡` e‡m wZwb `y‡Uv KweZv †j‡Lb| cÖ_gwU ÔQweÕ; c‡iiwU Ôkv-RvnvbÕ| fve-gvb‡m `y‡Uvq †hb GKB f‚wgi Bw½Z| cÖ_ gwU GK bvixi Qwe nVvr †`Lvq Zuvi g‡b †h †XD Rv‡M, ZviB Mfxi gg©¯úkx© wKš‘ wkwíZ mZ¨wkó cÖwZwµqv| GB bvix wQ‡jb ev‡j¨, cÖ_g †hŠe‡b Zuvi †cÖiYvi Drm, †Ljvi mvw_, wKš‘ w`e¨ cÖwZgv| Rxe‡bi †kl cÖv‡šÍ G‡mI wZwb e‡j‡Qb, ÔZuvi gyL, Zuvi Pvnwb Avwg fzj‡Z cvwi bv| †Kvb bvix-gyL AuvK‡Z †M‡j Avcwb Zviv Zzwji WMvq P‡j Av‡m|Õ AvKvk cÖ`x‡c, 1345 e½v‡ãI Zuv‡K wb‡q †j‡Lb Agi cO&w³gvjv Ôea~Õ, Ôk¨vgvÕ, ÔKuvPv AvgÕ| GZUzKz evwb‡q ejv g‡b nq bv; wZjgvÎ gvwjb¨I aiv c‡o bv| GB bvix wKš‘, Kvi Ici Awfgv‡b †K Rv‡b, Aí eq‡m AvZ¥NvZx n‡q‡Qb| Zvi Av‡Mi NUbvcÖevnB Kwei g‡b Pjw”P‡Î Muv_v n‡q Av‡Q| hw`I GUv wVK, wZwb †mLv‡bB †_‡g _v‡Kb bv| Zuvi †PZbvq IB bvix †hb bxi‡e A½ywj Zz‡j †`Lvb, Av‡iv Av‡Q Zuvi †cQ‡b mgMÖ wek¦PivPi| Kvi PiYaŸwb †hb †mLv‡b ev‡R| Kwe‡K Db¥yL K‡i| Zvn‡j Ôkv-RvnvbÕ KweZvq Ôbe be c~e©vP‡j Av‡jv‡K Av‡jv‡KÕ Qy‡U Pjv‡ZB †h Rxe‡bi c~Y©Zvi w`‡K Awfhvb G-K_v GKK Mwigvq †Rvi w`‡q ejv hvq bv|

Ôkv-RvnvbÕ KweZv covi mgq mevB †Lqvj Kwi wK bv Rvwb bv, 1321 e½v‡ãi KvwZ©K gv‡m GMv‡iv w`‡bi e¨eav‡b Ñ †Zmiv KvwZ©K I †PŠÏB KvwZ©K Ñ GKB RvqMv Gjvnvev‡` e‡m wZwb `y‡Uv KweZv †j‡Lb| cÖ_gwU ÔQweÕ; c‡iiwU Ôkv-RvnvbÕ| fve-gvb‡m `y‡Uvq †hb GKB f‚wgi Bw½Z| Z‡e ïay GUzKz ejvi R‡b¨ ÔQweÕ KweZv †U‡b Avbv bq| Ôkv-Rvnv‡bÕ †`‡LwQ ZvRgnj‡K AwZµg K‡i ¯§i‡Yi MÖwš’ Uz‡U wek¦c‡_ eÜbwenxb GwM‡q hvIqv‡ZB, †hb IB mgªv‡Ui mv_©KZvi w`‡K hvÎv| Avi Zuvi AkvšÍ µ›`b wPi‡gŠbRvj w`‡q KwVb e܇b euvav ZvRgnj GKB RvqMvq w¯’i| Kv‡ji ¯^vÿi, Avevi IB ¯^vÿ‡iB wPiKvj euvav| ÔQweÕ‡Z cvi¯úwiK f‚wgKv †hb Dj‡U hvq| Qwe‡ZB N‡U wPiKv‡ji cÖwZdjb, wek¦cÖK…wZi mg¯ÍUvq Zvi Aeva we¯Ívi| KweB Kv‡ji mxgvq euvav| wek¦PivP‡i Qwei gyw³ Zuv‡K †cÖiYv †RvMvq| Kv‡Q-`~‡i, R‡j-¯’‡j-AšÍix‡ÿ wZwb IB Qwei bvixi cÖwZdjb †`‡Lb| Gfv‡e wZwbI gyw³i ¯^v` cvb| QweB KZ©v; Kwe ¯^qs Avcb m„wó‡Z Zvi †`Lv‡bv c‡_ P‡jb| Avgiv cwo : Zzwg Qwe! b‡n b‡n, bI ïay Qwe| †K e‡j, i‡qQ w¯’i †iLvi e܇b wb¯Íä µ›`‡b| gwi gwi, †m Avb›` †_‡g †hZ hw` GB b`x nvivZ Zi½‡eM, GB †gN eywSqv †dwjZ Zvi †mvbvi wjLb|...

Avi, GB AskUzKzZ n‡q †M‡Q wPiKv‡ji me©Rbxb evYx Ñ bqbm¤§y‡L Zzwg bvB, bq‡bi gvSLv‡b wb‡qQ †h VuvB; AvwR ZvB k¨vg‡j k¨vgj Zzwg, bxwjgvq bxj| Avgvi wbwLj †Zvgv‡Z †c‡q‡Q Zvi AšÍ‡ii wgj| bvwn Rvwb, †Kn bvwn Rv‡b Ze myi ev‡R †gvi Mv‡b; Kwei AšÍ‡i Zzwg Kwe Ñ bI Qwe, bI Qwe, bI ïay Qwe| Avm‡j GKB cÖviw¤¢K we›`y †_‡K KweZv `y‡Uv wecÖZxc fvebvwPÎ Auv‡K, hw`I P‚ovšÍ wm×v‡šÍ Øvw›ØKZv _v‡K bv| †evSv hvq, ˆPZ‡b¨i GKB f‚wg‡Z G‡`i dz‡U IVv, hw`I kãmgv‡iv‡n I Zi½f‡½ Ôkv-RvnvbÕ ivRwmK I `~ivwfmvix, †hLv‡b ÔQweÕ N‡ivqv I e¨w³MZ| Z‡e KweZvi mv_©KZv `y‡Uv‡ZB wkLi¯úkx©| Avgvi `ye©jZv Aek¨ ÔQweÕ‡K AMÖvwaKvi †`q| KxU&‡mi Ode on a Grecian Urn I kv-Rvnvb, GB KweZv `y‡Uv Avgvi g‡b n‡q‡Q GKB †Mv‡Îi, hw`I G‡`i `„wóc_ wfbœ| cÖvPxb wMÖKcvÎ, f¯§vavi wn‡m‡e hvi Pj, KxU&‡mi Abyf‡e mvov RvMvq| mvov RvMvq Zvi Mv-Ry‡o †h-AjsKiY, †h-wPÎgvjvi mgv‡ek, AkÖæZ ivwMYx‡Z I ¯^cœKíbvq Zv‡`i mRxeZv, mwµqZv I †mŠ›`‡h©i Ôwecyj my`~i wecyjÕ gwngv, Gme w`‡q| GB Abyfe‡K KxU&m Agi K‡i †i‡L‡Qb Zuvi Kv‡jvËxY© KweZvwU‡Z| Ges GB myev‡` w`‡q‡Qb Ñ A_ev Lyu‡R †c‡q‡Qb Ñ wk‡íi Agi‡Z¡i mÜvb| cÖvPxb wMÖK f¯§vav‡i AuvKv †hb AZx‡ZvrmvwiZ mZ¨ I my›`‡ii wPiKv‡ji Qwe, hv wk‡íi GKgvÎ Awš^ó| g‡š¿i gZ wZwb D”PviY K‡ib, ÔHeard melodies are sweet, but those unheard are sweeterÕ; Avi wMÖKcv‡Îi Mv‡q †h-cvBc we¯§„Z hy‡Mi †`eZvi D‡Ï‡k †e‡R P‡j, Zv †hb wb¯ÍäZvi Kv‡b-Kv‡b GKBfv‡e myi †Zv‡j| Zvi †kl †bB| cv‡kB †`‡Lb : Fair youth, beneath the trees, thou canst not leave The song, nor ever can-those trees be bare; Bold lover, never, never canst thou kiss, Thought winning near the goal Ñ yet, do not grieve; She cannot fade, though thou hast not thy bliss For ever wilt thou love, and she be fair!

GKB iKg cv_‡i AuvKv Ôgvj‡Âi PÂj AÂjÕ fiv Ôem‡šÍi gvaexgÄwiÕ, cwiZ…ß bexb fvjevmv, gvby‡li n‡iK evmbv, hÁ‡ew`, kn‡ii wbR©b c_, ebf‚wg, PviYf‚wgI, Ñ w¯’iwP‡Î meB cÖvYgq, me wPiKv‡ji| Ges my›`i! Kwe mgvwß Uv‡bb Zuvi ARi Aÿq evYx w`‡q : ÔBeauty is truth, truth beauty, Ñ that is all/ Ye know on earth, and all ye need to know.Õ Ô_vwgj Kv‡ji wPiPÂj MwZÕ bq, wPiPÂj MwZi gyn~‡Z©i c~Y©Zv| †h-†Kv‡bv wk‡í cÖv‡Yk¦ix cÖwZgv| ZvRgnj wb‡q iex›`ªbv‡_i fvebv wKš‘ G‡K Qyu‡q wfbœgyLx

nq| wZwb Kíbv K‡ib, kv-Rvnv‡bi Ôkw¼Z ü`q †P‡qwQj Kwiev‡i mg‡qi ü`qniY †mŠ›`‡h© fzjv‡q|Õ ZviB cwiYvg ZvRgnj, hv‡Z dz‡U DVj Ô†cÖ‡gi KiæY †KvgjZv... †mŠ›`‡h©i cy®úcy‡Ä cÖkvšÍ cvlv‡Y|Õ Zv‡Z wg‡k Av‡Q weiwnYx wcÖqv ggZvR ÔcÖfv‡Zi AiæY Avfv‡m, K¬všÍmܨv w`M‡šÍi KiæY wbtk¦v‡m, c~wY©gvq †`nnxb Pv‡gjxi jveY¨wejv‡m, fvlvi AZxZ Zx‡i KvOvj bqb †h_v Øvi n‡Z Av‡m wd‡i wd‡i|Õ KxU&m‡K Qvwo‡q Av‡iv GKavc GwM‡q wZwb wk‡íi my›`i‡K Kíbv Ki‡jb, Ôiƒcnxb gi‡Yi g„Zz¨nxb Aciƒc mv‡R|Õ Zv Ô¯§i‡Yi Avei‡Y gi‡Y‡i h‡Zœ iv‡L XvwK|Õ GLv‡b Ab‡cÖÿfv‡e bv›`wbKZvi GK †gŠjf‚wgi †hb Bw½Z cvB| wkí, Zv †m RxebNwbô, ev Rxebwi³ hvB †nvK bv †Kb, `uvovq wKš‘ k~b¨Zvi Ic‡iB| wkíxi fvem¤ú`, hv‡Z Zuvi ˆPZ‡b¨i mg¯Í `yqvi †Lvjv, Zuvi hyw³wmw×i A_ev ˆbivwR¨K wbi_©KZvi Av‡e‡MiI, ZviB cwiKwíZ mgš^q, A_ev mgš^qnxbZv w`‡q IB k~b¨Zv‡K (GLv‡b co–b ÔgiYÕ‡K) wZwb fivU Kivi Zcm¨vq e‡mb| cÖwZfv hw` cÖZ¨vwkZ ev cÖZ¨vkvi AwZwi³ mvhyR¨ NUvq, Z‡e Zv wkí nq| KxU&‡mi mZ¨ I my›`‡ii Aej¤^b hv, †mB wMÖKcvÎI k~b¨ †_‡K M‡o IVv| Zuvi KweZvwUI Zuvi ˆPZ‡b¨i dmj| Aej¤^b hv-B †nvK, RvMiY Zvi k~b¨‡ZB| wKš‘ GLvb †_‡KB iex›`ªbv‡_i wPšÍv wfbœgyLx nj| wk‡íi †P‡q wkíx eo, G Zuvi mvaviY e³e¨ bq| kv-Rvnvb †h Zuvi KxwZ©i †P‡q gnr, Zv GB Kvi‡Y †h, Avcb m„wó‡K †cQ‡b †d‡j wZwb ÔARvwb‡Zi †mªv‡ZÕ wfbœ‡jv‡K hvÎv K‡i‡Qb| GUv wKš‘ kv-Rvnv‡bi AwR©Z †Kv‡bv cyY¨dj bq| we‡kl †Kv‡bv cÖwZfvi cÖKvkI GUv bq| RxeRM‡Z meB giYkxj| kv-Rvnvb †Kv‡bv e¨wZµg bb| Zuvi g„Z~ËxY© AbšÍ hvÎvq (†mUv Kx, †Kgb, †Kv_vq, Zv †KD Rv‡b bv) †Kv‡bv evnv`ywi †bB| GLv‡b †Rvi w`‡q ivRwmK GB KweZv †kl ch©šÍ wK Z‡e fvimvg¨ nvivj? ÔQweÕ KweZvwU‡Z wKš‘ Ggb nq bv| Aek¨ †KD ej‡Z cv‡ib, Kwe mve©‡fŠg| Zuv‡K †g‡b wb‡qB cov DwPZ Zuvi KweZv| †Zgb n‡j Ôkv-RvnvbÕ-G KwecÖwZfvi wecyj ùziY I weij wmw× Avgv‡`i †PZbvq †h cÖejfv‡e AvQ‡o c‡o Zv‡K mcv‡U ekxf‚Z K‡i, G-K_v A¯^xKvi Kiv hvq bv| Z‡e KweZv wek¦cÖK…wZi weav‡b ¯^vwaKvicÖgË g~j¨ Av‡ivc Ki‡e bv, GUv Avkv KivI †evanq AmgxPxb bq| Ôkv-RvnvbÕ KweZvi Dcv`vb wKš‘ BwZnvm-AvwkÖZ| †mLv‡b BwZnv‡mi Kv‡Q `vq GKUv _v‡K eB wK! G cÖkœI AevšÍi bq, cZœx-¯§„wZ‡Z mgvwa‡mŠa wbg©vY kv-Rvnv‡bi wK e¨wZµgx KxwZ©? bvwK †gvMj Nivbvq IB mg‡q IUv wQj GK mvaviY e¨vcvi? Gfv‡e K_v †Zvjv Ôkv-RvnvbÕ KweZv covq AevšÍi| Z‡e †cÖÿvcU ¯úóZi n‡j Avgv‡`i Av‡e‡Mi mvq †gjvq ev bv-†gjvq Zv BÜb †RvMv‡Z cv‡i| Gw`‡K ZvB GKUz `„wó w`B| Aek¨ ÔGKUzÕB| GLv‡b BwZnvmPP©v Avgvi KvR bq| KweZvi `uvov‡bvi RvqMvUv ïay †evSvi †Póv Kiv| KweZv cov I Zv Dc‡fv‡Mi m‡½ Gi †Kv‡bv m¤úK© †bB|

wZb

ZvRgnj wbtm‡›`‡n GK AZzjbxq KxwZ©| eRªmyKwVb †gvMj ivRkw³ mwZ¨-mwZ¨B Ômܨvi³ivMmg Z›`ªvZ‡jÕ jxb n‡q †M‡Q| wKš‘ ZvRgn‡ji ¯’vcZ¨-†mŠ›`h© GL‡bv gvbyl‡K Awff‚Z K‡i| †cQ‡bi †cÖgK_v †`k-we‡`‡ki AMwYZ åvg¨gvY

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`k©K‡K hyM-hyM a‡i cÖwZw`b Gi w`‡K Uv‡b| wKš‘ G ïayB ÔKv‡ji K‡cvjZ‡j ïåmgy¾¡jÕ ÔGK we›`y bq‡bi RjÕ bq| Ônxivgy³vgvwY‡K¨i QUvÕI Gi †kvfv‡K h_vh_ mvgÄm¨ eRvq †i‡L evwo‡q †`q| KZUzKz Zvi Ae‡kl Av‡Q Rvwb bv| wKš‘ mgvwa‡mŠ‡ai †MŠie evov‡Z Zv‡`i e¨env‡i †Kv‡bv Kvc©Y¨ wQj bv| ivR‡Kv‡li DØ„Ë mÂq Kv‡R jv‡M| mgªv‡Ui gwngv D¾¡jZi nq| hw`I wfbœ cÖm‡½ ejv, Zey ew¼‡gi GB K_v¸‡jv †U‡b Avwb : Ô... Avgiv †gvM‡ji AwaK m¤ú` †`wLqv gy» nBqv †gvM‡ji Rq MvBqv _vwK, wKš‘ †gvMjB Avgv‡`i kÎæ, cvVvb Avgv‡`i wgÎ|... †hw`b nB‡Z w`wjøi †gvM‡ji mvgªv‡R¨ fz³ nBqv ev½vjv `yie¯’vcÖvß nBj †mB w`b nB‡Z ev½vjvi ab Avi ev½vjvq iwnj bv, w`jøxi ev AvMÖvi e¨q wbe©vnv_© †cÖwiZ nB‡Z jvwMj| hLb Avgiv AvMÖvi ZvRgn‡ji Avðh©¨ igYxqZv †`wLqv Avn¬v`mvM‡i fvwm, ZLb wK †Kvb ev½vjxi g‡b nq †h, †h mKj iv‡R¨i i³‡kvlY Kwiqv GB iZœ-gw›`i wbw¤§©Z nBqv‡Q, ev½vjv Zvnvi AMÖMY¨? Z³ZvD‡mi K_v cwoqv hLb †gvM‡ji cÖksmv Kwi, ZLb wK g‡b nq, ev½vjvi KZ ab Zvnv‡Z jvwMqv‡Q?...Õ (Ôev½vjvi BwZnvmÕ wewea cÖeÜ, wØZxq LÐ, 1892) ew¼‡gi Awf‡hvM GK‡c‡k g‡b n‡Z cv‡i (Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZv-msMÖvgI wK Z‡e GK‡c‡k?) wKš‘ hv A¯^xKvi Kiv hvq bv, Zv nj ZvRgnj wbg©v‡Y D`vin‡¯Í †KvlvMv‡ii e¨envi| GgbwU bv n‡j ïay mgªv‡Ui AvKv•ÿv c~i‡Y ZvRgnj ev¯Íe iƒc †cZ bv| Ges mgªv‡Ui AvKv•ÿv KZUv AvZ¥Zzwói Avi KZUv mZ¨ †cÖ‡gi, G-cÖkœI DV‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e h_v_© DËi cvIqv gykwKjB| Avi GKUv welq GLv‡b †f‡e †`Lvi Zz‡K©v-cviwmK-†gvMj Bmjvwg HwZ‡n¨ gvbe AvKvi ewR©Z `yM© ev ¯§viK wbg©vY ÿgZvi I AvwfRv‡Z¨i cÖZxK| Zvi Pj wQj Av‡M †_‡KB| ·qv`k kZ‡Ki †Mvovq w`wjøi myjZvb BjZzZ&wgk (1211-1235) m¤úbœ K‡ib Zuvi c~e©m~wi I `vm-ivR Aa¨v‡qi cÖ_g cyiæl KzZze&DwÏb AvB‡e‡Ki (1206-1211) bv‡g weL¨vZ KzZze wgbvi| AvRI Zvi Mwigv AUzU| AvKe‡ii Avg‡j (1556-1605) d‡Zcyi wmwµ‡Z `i‡ek †kL †mwjg wPw¯Íi ¯§i‡Y Mov n‡qwQj GK †k¦Zcv_‡ii mgvwafeb| Z‡e Zv wQj wbivfiY| kv-RvnvbB (1627-1658) ¯’vcZ¨Kjvq bZzb gvÎv †hvM Kiv‡Z Drmvn †`Lv‡jb| ïay ZvRgnj bq, cÖwZwU D‡jøL‡hvM¨ †gvMj-kvwmZ A‡j wZwb e¨qeûj, `„wób›`b, mvjsKiv †mŠa wbg©v‡Y D‡`¨vMx nIqvi KxwZ© iPbv Ki‡jb| ZvRgn‡jB wZwb GKwbô wQ‡jb, G-K_v ejv hv‡e bv| c‡i AvIi½‡Re (1658-1707), whwb †Muvov mywbœ †gŠjev`x bxwZ cÖ‡qv‡Mi Rb¨ wewkó, wZwbI Zuvi me‡P‡q wcÖq cZœx iv‡eqv `yiivbxi Ke‡ii Ici `„wób›`b mgvwa‡mŠa wbg©v‡Yi ûKzg †`b| wKš‘ Aweivg hy×weMÖ‡n ivR‡Kv‡l µgvMZ Uvb covq Zv †Kv‡bviK‡g Ava‡LuPovfv‡e †kl nq| †`qv‡ji wKQyUv gvÎ †k¦Zcv_‡ii, evwKUv †e‡jcv_‡ii| wgbvi¸‡jv mvaviY BU w`‡q Muv_v| Zv‡`i Ici PzbKvg Kiv| GKUv welq †Lqvj Kwi| ggZvR †eMg ¯^ívqy wQ‡jb| hÏ~i g‡b c‡o, Zuvi Rxebvemvb 1630-G| Zvici Av‡iv AvUvk eQi kv-Rvnvb †eu‡PwQ‡jb| ggZv‡Ri g„Zz¨‡Z †gvMj †n‡i‡gi †Pnviv e`‡j hvqwb| kv-Rvnv‡bi †n‡ig-AvKl©‡YI †Kv‡bv e¨wZµg Av‡mwb| Av‡M-c‡i †gvMj mvgªv‡R¨i DËivwaKvi wba©viY P‡j‡Q GKB ixwZ‡Z| Aek¨ evei, ûgvqyb I AvKe‡ii

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†ejvq cwiw¯’wZ wQj wfbœ| we‡`ªvn Kivq Rvnv½xi eo †Q‡j Lym‡iv‡K AÜ K‡i †`b| AwZwi³ gv`Kvmw³ Rvnv½xi‡K cÖavb gwnlx b~iRvnv‡bi nv‡Zi cyZz‡j cwiYZ K‡i| b~iRvnvb Rvnv½x‡ii Ab¨ †Q‡j kvnwiqv‡ii c‡ÿ NyuwU Pvjv‡”Qb, GUv †R‡b Lyiig, whwb ZLb kv-Rvnvb †LZv‡e f‚wlZ, ¸Riv‡Ui kvmbKZ©vi c‡` †_‡K cÖKvÐ GK †mbvevwnbx M‡o w`wjø `L‡j AMÖmi nb| hy‡× †n‡i wZwb cÖ_‡g `vwÿYv‡Z¨i †Mvj‡KvÐvq I c‡i †mLvb †_‡K †Mvc‡b evsjvq cvwj‡q G‡m Avevi ˆmb¨-mvgšÍ †RvMvo K‡i w`wjøi c‡_ AMÖmi nb| Gev‡iI Zvi nvi nq; wKš‘ Rvnv½xi Zuv‡K eo †Kv‡bv mvRv bv w`‡q `vwÿYv‡Z¨i GK †Kv‡Y †QvU GK RvqwM‡ii fvi Zuvi Ici Pvwc‡q Zuv‡K `~‡i mwi‡q †`b| kv-Rvnvb †mLv‡b Zx‡_©i Kv‡Ki gZ A‡cÿvq _vK‡jb; 1627-G Rvnv½x‡ii g„Zz¨msev` †c‡q GK gyn~Z© †`wi bv K‡i w`wjø G‡m Mw` `Lj Ki‡jb Ges Kv‡Q-`~‡i †h-†KD `vwe`vi g‡b n‡j mevB‡K KZj Kivi e¨e¯’v Ki‡jb| Zvici AvIi½‡Re Kxfv‡e me m‡nv`i‡K wbwðý Ki‡jb Ges cy‡Îi nv‡Z kv-Rvnv‡bi †kl w`b¸‡jv ew›``kvq †Kgb †K‡UwQj, G †Zv mevi Rvbv| Avm‡j ZzK©-†gvMj Rxebavivq GB iKgB N‡U G‡m‡Q eivei| †gvsMj exi †Pw½m Lvb (g„ 1227; Gi eskaiiv c‡i Bmjvg ag©vej¤^x nb) ev ZzwK© m`©vi ˆZgyi js (1340-1404; Bwb wb‡R‡K †Pw½m Lv‡bi DËim~wi e‡j `vwe K‡ib)-Gi Abymvix‡`i †ejvq GgbwU A¯^vfvweKI bq| wkí I wkíxi m¤^Ü wbiƒc‡Y ¸iæZ¡ †Kv_vq †`e, G-wb‡qI GKUv cÖkœ DV‡Z cv‡i| cÖvq mgmvgwqK Kvjc‡e© †qv‡iv‡c N‡U P‡j BZvjxq †i‡bmuvm (Kwe `v‡šÍi cÖavb KvR †Pv‡Ïv kZ‡K, c‡b‡iv I †lv‡jv kZ‡Ki †fZ‡i gnvb wPÎKi I fv¯‹i‡`i Avwef©ve, †hgb, wjIbv‡`©v `¨ wfwÂ, ewZ‡Pwjø, ivdv‡qj, wZkvb, wg‡Ljv‡Ä‡jv)| wk‡íi cwiPq huviv eivZ w`‡q‡Qb, †hgb wecyj abm¤úwËi gvwjK †gw`wP cwievi, ev c„ô‡cvlK wMR©v cÖkvmb, Gu‡`i Kv‡iv bv‡g bq, Zv huviv Kíbv I Kg©cÖwZfvq IB m„wó¸‡jv Agi K‡i †i‡L †M‡Qb, Zuv‡`i bv‡g| ZvRgn‡ji †ejvq Avgiv wKš‘ Rvb‡Z cvwi bv, †Kvb `ÿ ¯’cwZi fvebvq I wbcyY KviæKv‡R Zuvi IB A‡jvKmvgvb¨ iƒc| Zvi R¨vwgwZK mylgv, †iLvi †kvfbZv, cÖK…wZi Av‡jv-Qvqvi m‡½ mvgÄm¨ weavb I wkwíZ AjsKiY, GmeB Zzjbvnxb| wKš‘ Avgiv Rvb‡Z cvwi bv, †K ev Kviv Gi iƒcKvi| †kvbv hvq cvim¨, ga¨Gwkqv, GgbwK w`wjø-AvMÖvi ev¯‘wkíxivI GB KxwZ©i m‡½ hy³ wQ‡jb| GUv nq‡Zv wKse`wšÍi †LvivK †RvMvq, nq‡Zv kv-Rvnvb ¯^qs Ô†Zvgvi KxwZ©i †P‡q Zzwg †h gnrÕ Ñ GB m¤§v‡b f‚wlZ nb, wKš‘ cÖK…Z KjvK…wZ huvi ev huv‡`i Zuviv wPiKvj Avov‡j †_‡K hvb| cÖkœUv ïay ZvRgnj wb‡q bq, Dcgnv‡`‡ki HwZn¨B Ggb| ARšÍv-B‡jviv, †KvbviK-LvRyiv‡nv, mvibv_, cyix, Gme RvqMvi cÖvPxb wb`k©b¸‡jvI †Kv‡bv wkíxi cwiPq †i‡L hvq bv| Avgiv †Kej wk‡íi mvg‡b we¯§‡q bZRvby nB| GKB iKg N‡U †gvMj, ivRcyZ ev gayebx wPÎKjvi †ejv‡ZI| †i‡bmuvm wPÎKjv †_‡K Zviv Aek¨B wfbœ, wKš‘ we›`ygvÎ b~¨b bq| inm¨gqZv eis Av‡iv †ewk| Avgiv hw`I Zv‡`i Agi‡Z¡i `vwe wb‡q D`vmxb| GB K_v¸‡jv e‡j Ôkv-RvnvbÕ KweZvi Hk¦h© wKš‘ we›`ygvÎ Lv‡Uv KiwQ bv| Zvi AvwObvq †m Abb¨, GUv ¯^xKvi K‡i hve memgq| r

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sjv mvwn‡Z¨ gnv‡k¦Zv †`ex‡K e¨wZµgx †jLK wn‡m‡e wPwýZ Kiv n‡q _v‡K, †h-†ÿÎwUi Rb¨ Zuv‡K G-AvL¨v †`Iqv n‡q _v‡K, Zv n‡jv Zuvi Avw`evmx Rxeb‡Kw›`ªK Dcb¨vm iPbv| cÂv‡ki `k‡K wjL‡Z ïiæ K‡ib wZwb| lv‡Ui `k‡Ki gvSvgvwS Ges cieZx© `kK¸‡jv‡Z cÖvwšÍKRb-AvwkÖZ Dcb¨vm iPbvq e¨vß †_‡K‡Qb gnv‡k¦Zv| m¤¢eZ me©vwaK Avw`evmx Rxeb‡Kw›`ªK Dcb¨vm wZwbB iPbv K‡i‡Qb| G-avivi me Dcb¨vmB †h mgvb ¸iæZ¡c~Y© n‡q D‡V‡Q Zv ejv hv‡e bv| Z‡e me Dcb¨v‡miB wKQy wewkóZv i‡q‡Q| me‡P‡q eo welq, evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ Zuvi g‡Zv K‡i cÖvwšÍK Rb‡Mvôxi Rxebe„Ë wb‡q mvwnZ¨ iPbvq gMœ Avi †KD _v‡Kbwb| wZwb GB g~j †mªv‡Zi evB‡ii Rxeb‡K Dcb¨v‡mi AvL¨v‡b wb‡q G‡m wb‡Ri mvwnZ¨ m„wó‡ZI cwieZ©b NwU‡q‡Qb| G-cÖm‡½ mywgZv PµeZx©i GKwU we‡kølY ¯§iY KiwQ Ñ evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ GB gyn~‡Z© hZRb mvwnwZ¨K Av‡Qb Zuv‡`i g‡a¨ mg‡ik emy P‡j hvevi ci, gnv‡k¦Zv m¤¢eZ †mB Jcb¨vwmK whwb evievi c‡e© c‡e© wb‡R‡K †f‡½ Avevi M‡o‡Qb| c_ Pj‡Z Pj‡Z wb‡R‡K e`‡j‡Qb, e`‡j‡Qb wb‡Ri wkíiƒc| †Kv‡bv evB‡ii Pv‡c bq, †Kv‡bv cÖwZôv‡bi Pv‡c bq, m¤ú~Y© wb‡Ri ü`‡qi Zv‡c wb‡Ri m‡PZb B”Qvq Ges mg¯Í m„wó cÖevnwUB †i‡L‡Qb AvZ¥wbqš¿‡Y|... wZwb wj‡L hvb D‡Ïk¨g~jKfv‡e,

`vq‡eva †_‡K, hZ cv‡ib Qwo‡q w`‡Z 1 Pvb Zuvi †jLv¸‡jv‡K| bZzb ¯^v‡`i Dcb¨vm wn‡m‡e cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ nq Kwe e›`¨NUx MvwTi Rxeb I g„Zz¨| ejv hvq, GB Dcb¨v‡mi gva¨‡gB gnv‡k¦Zv †`exi AvL¨v‡bi †K›`ªxq Ae¯’v‡b P‡j Av‡m Avw`evmx Rbgvbyl| G-Dcb¨vm iPbvi †ÿ‡Î Zuvi BwZnv‡mi cÖwZ AvMÖ‡ni RvqMvUv †evSv hvq| we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbvq welqwU ¯úó n‡e| cieZx©Kv‡j wZwb Avw`evmx RbRxeb‡K †e‡Q wb‡qwQ‡jb, †m-Dcb¨vm¸‡jv cÖavbZ `ywU avivq cÖevwnZ n‡Z †`Lv hvq| cÖ_gZ, BwZnvm-AvwkÖZ ex‡ii wewbg©vY; wØZxqZ, ¯^vaxb fvi‡Zi ivóªh‡š¿i m‡½ mswkøó gvbylR‡bi Øviv Avw`evmx‡`i kvwmZ I ewÂZ nIqvi cwi‡cÖw¶Zm‡gZ Avw`evmx mgv‡Ri PvjwPÎ wbg©vY| `ywU avivi Dcb¨vm iPbvq †jLK †h-welqwU‡K ¸iæZ¡ w`‡q‡Qb Zv n‡jv †kÖwYmsMÖvg| DwjøwLZ `ywU avivi evB‡i Ab¨ GK Ae¯’vb †_‡K wbwg©Z Kwe e›`¨NUx MvwTi Rxeb I g„Zz¨ Dcb¨vm| Z‡e †jLK gnv‡k¦Zvi g~j AbymÜv‡bi `ywU welqB G-Dcb¨v‡m eZ©gvb, Zv n‡jv, BwZnvm‡K AvkÖq K‡i †cÖ¶vcU wbg©vY Ges †kÖwYmsMÖvg| G-Dcb¨v‡m †kÖwYmsMÖvg G‡m‡Q BwZnv‡mi eY©vwkÖZ a‡g©i wefvRb‡K mvg‡b †i‡L| hLb a‡g©i †kÖwYweb¨v‡mi †K›`ªwU bvbv iKg cÖwZK‚j Ges wecixZ †mªv‡Zi av°vq †`v`yj¨gvb, agx©q eY©ev`xiv kw¼Z, †mB mgqwU‡Z ag©‡K e¨e‡”Q` K‡i ˆZwi Kiv n‡q‡Q †kÖwY‰el‡g¨i msÁv_©| †mB iƒc eY©vkÖg ag©‡K AvkÖq K‡i ivp evsjvi †gw`bxf‚‡gi mgvRe¨e¯’v

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M‡o D‡VwQj, Avi †mB mgv‡RB gnv‡k¦Zv †`ex `wjZ mgv‡Ri GK AiY¨ †Pvqvo hyeK‡K Kwe L¨vwZ‡Z ¯’vc‡b D‡`¨vMx n‡q I‡Vb Kwe e›`¨NUx MvwTi Rxeb I g„Zz¨ Dcb¨v‡m| G-AvL¨v‡b Kwei Rxeb I g„Zz¨‡K Abb¨ GK wk‡íi Rb¥ Avi g„Zz¨i Av‡jv‡K Dc¯’vcb †jL‡Ki wkíwbg©v‡Yi D”PgvMx©q `ÿZv| †mB wkwíZ Dc¯’vc‡b wZwb Zuvi Kwei KiæY cwiYwZ mf¨mgv‡Ri Kv‡Q Zz‡j Av‡bb| Dcb¨vm cv‡V †h-welq ¯úó n‡q I‡V Zv n‡jv, †lvok kZ‡Ki Kve¨mvwn‡Z¨i welq, wek` eY©bv I fvlvi ˆewP‡Î¨ wew¯§Z I AbycÖvwYZ wQ‡jb gnv‡k¦Zv| †mB cÖvPxb wek¦v‡mi gy»Zv Avi ga¨hy‡Mi Kv‡e¨i eûgvwÎKZv‡K aviY K‡i Dcb¨v‡m wZwb Kwe‡K wewbg©vY K‡i‡Qb| Kwe gyKz›`iv‡gi K_v gv_vq †i‡LwQ‡jb, gnv‡k¦Zv †`ex wb‡RB e‡j‡Qb †h, †lvok kZ‡Ki ivp evsjvi BwZnvm Zuv‡K AvK…ó K‡iwQj| wZwb G-K_vI D‡jøL K‡ib, †gw`bxcy‡ii Aew¯’wZ Kwj½ mxgv‡šÍ nIqvi `iæb, ˆPZb¨ cÖfv‡e †mLvbKvi wbgœe‡M©i RvwZi g‡a¨ gvbyl wn‡m‡e wb‡R‡K Rvbvi I Rvbv‡bvi GKwU cÖqvm wbðq †`Lv w`‡qwQj| GB †PZbvi cÖgvY Kve¨, cvÂvwj, Mv_v, MxwZ, †cv‡Uv bv‡Pi †fZi w`‡q Avgv‡`i Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q‡Q| Kwe e›`¨NUx MvwTi Rxeb I g„Zz¨ Dcb¨v‡mi f‚wgKvs‡k Zv D‡jøL¨| AZGe †`Lv hv‡”Q, †mB wecyj ˆewP‡Îi †fZi †_‡K gnv‡k¦Zv cÖ_g gvbyl nIqvi AwaKviKvw•ÿZ GK Kwei mÜvb w`‡Z †P‡q‡Qb cvVK‡K| ga¨hy‡Mi †h-cUf‚wg‡Z Dcb¨vmwU iwPZ n‡q‡Q, Zv GK wewkó mg‡qi| evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i wewfbœ c‡e© cwiågY K‡i †jLK AšÍ¨R †kÖwYi K_v wj‡L‡Qb G-Dcb¨v‡m| evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i Avw` AvL¨vbixwZ‡K m‡½ wb‡q BD‡ivcxq Dcb¨vm mvwnZ¨aviv‡K cvk KvwU‡q †jLK Dcb¨vmwU wj‡L‡Qb e‡jB Gi wewkóZv we‡klfv‡e †Pv‡L c‡o| gnv‡k¦Zvi me Avw`evmx Rxeb‡Kw›`ªK Dcb¨v‡mi g‡a¨ G-Dcb¨vm e¨wZµgx wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i, †Kbbv G-Dcb¨v‡m ïay euvPvi Rb¨, ÿzavi Rb¨, AwaKvi Av`v‡qi msMÖvg bq| Rxe‡bi b~¨bZg Pvwn`v Avi Avw`evmx Aw¯ÍZ¡ iÿvi Kvwnwb GUv bq, GLv‡b Rxe‡bi †P‡q wk‡íi `vg A‡bK †ewk| GLv‡b e¨w³mËvi AwaKvi, gvbyl nIqvi ¯^vaxbZvi welqwU A‡bK †ewk ¸iæZ¡c~Y© n‡q I‡V| gnv‡k¦Zv †`exi Dcb¨vm Kwe e›`¨NUx MvwTi Rxeb I g„Zz¨‡K Abyaveb Ki‡Z mvwn‡Z¨i hyMwe‡kølY‡K gv_vq ivL‡Z n‡e| mvwn‡Z¨i hyM wefvR‡b I ga¨hyM bvbv w`K †_‡K wewkó| G-cÖm‡½ myü`Kzgvi †fŠwg‡Ki Avw`evmx‡`i fvlv I evOjv MÖ‡š’i D×…wZ D‡jøL¨ Ñ mvwn‡Z¨i hyM-wefvR‡b ga¨hyM ch©šÍ evsjv mvwnZ¨ we‡kl Q‡›`ve܇b M‡o-IVv c`¨‡K wfwË K‡i weKwkZ n‡q‡Q| mvwnZ¨ †hgb Rxe‡bi cÖwZ”Qwe, †Zgwb Kve¨Q‡›`i wbg©vYI wbf©i K‡i gvby‡li ¯^vfvweK D”PviYfw½i Ici| Avi evsjv fvlvi D”PviYfw½ G‡m‡Q Aw÷ªK fvlv‡Mvôxi muvIZvj, gyÐv, †nv-†`i KvQ †_‡K| evOvwji D”PviY Ams¯‹…Z ZvB evsjv Q›` gyw³ †c‡q‡Q ms¯‹…Z Q›` bq muvIZvj Q‡›`i Nivbvq| Avi evOvwji D”PviY Ams¯‹…Z ZvB evOvwj fvecÖKvkfw½ ev evK¨ †hŠeb`xß m‡ZR nq ms¯‹…Z e¨vKi‡Yi wefw³ Kvi‡Ki †cvkvK c‡i bq, 2 muvIZvj e¨vKi‡Yi Lvwj cv‡q Pjvi Zv‡j| GB we‡køl‡Y evsjv-fvlv mvwn‡Z¨ Gme `wjZ †kÖwYi Ae¯’v‡bi ¯^xK…wZ †g‡j, hv nq‡Zv Dcb¨vmwU iPbvi c~‡e©B †jL‡Ki gb‡b †Mu‡_wQj| Ab¨w`‡K gnv‡k¦Zv †`ex Dcb¨vm m¤ú‡K© D‡jøL 3 K‡ib †h, ÔKv‡e¨i eqm M‡`¨i †P‡q A‡bK cÖvPxbÕ | wZwb GK_v

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†j‡Lb Zv Kv‡e¨i eq‡mi †P‡qI A‡bK c‡i, †cv÷-K‡jvwbqvj mg‡q G‡m| ga¨hy‡Mi Kve¨vwkÖZ AvL¨vb‡K wfwË K‡i iwPZ Kwe e›`¨NUx MvwTi Rxeb I g„Zz¨ Dcb¨vmwU DËivaywbK ejv †h‡Z cv‡i, hv mveAjUvb© fveavivq Dc¯’vwcZ| hw`I †jLK Zuvi Kwe‡K AvaywbK e‡j‡Qb, welqwU D‡jøL¨ Ñ KweK¼Y m¤ú‡K© cÖ_g †KŠZ‚n‡ji m~Pbv iex›`ªbv_ m¤úvw`Z AvaywbK evsjv KweZvi m¼jb cv‡V ïiæ| ÔMÖ‡š’vrcwËi weeiYÕ Zv‡Z wQj| gyKz›`iv‡gi `vwgb¨v Z¨v‡Mi KviY †Zv bqv kvm‡Ki Ryjyg Rei`w¯Í| wKš‘ †`k †Q‡o Aviovq wM‡q wZwb euvKzov iv‡qi mfvq KweL¨vwZ cvb| GB Kwe n‡q IVvi KvwnbxB Avwg ÔKwe e›`¨NUx MvwTi Rxeb I g„Zz¨Õ-‡Z wj‡LwQ| Avgvi Kwe AvaywbK| †Kbbv †m AiY¨Rxeb Z¨vM K‡iwQj| fxgv`j bMix‡Z KweL¨vwZ AR©b K‡iwQj| g„Zz¨i c‡i bq, RxebKv‡jB Zuvi Rb¥všÍi N‡UwQj| Avi Ôe›`¨NUx MvwTÕ A_ev e‡›`¨vcva¨vq c`weavix eªvþY wn‡m‡e †m B‡”Q K‡iB wg_¨v cwiPq †`q| †Kbbv AviY¨Pzqv‡oi we`¨vR©b †mw`‡bi mgvR ¶gv KiZ bv| †m mg‡q ˆPZ‡b¨i cÖej cÖfv‡e wbh©vwZZ RvwZ¸wj ˆeòe n‡q eªvþY¨kvm‡bi wb‡`©wkZ mxgv‡iLv gvb‡Q bv, G‡ZI ivRb¨Kzj Ges D”PeYx©qiv A¯^w¯Í‡Z wQ‡jb| Kwe Rb¥m~‡Î-jä Rxeb Z¨vM K‡i GK bZzb Rxeb AR©b Ki‡Z Pvb| cwiYv‡g `ywU RxebB Zuv‡K 4 Z¨vM K‡i| †jLK Zuvi Kwe‡K AvaywbK e‡j †h-e¨vL¨v Dc¯’vcb Ki‡jb, Zv wfbœfv‡e e¨vL¨vi `vwe iv‡L, †m-cÖm‡½ hvIqvi Av‡M AvaywbKZv welqUv ¯úó nIqv Riæwi| AvaywbKZv cÖm‡½ mywegj wgkÖ e‡jb Ñ ÔcÖK…Z AvaywbKZv wkí-m¤§Z fvlvq aŸsmmvab K‡i Ges wkí‡K Z_vKw_Z gvbweKZv †_‡K gy³ K‡i e‡j 5 Avgvi wek¦vm|Õ A_©vr GB AvaywbKZv e¨w³‡PZbvi D‡b¥l NUvq| AvaywbK gZev`UvB Avgv‡`i gv‡S G‡b‡Q BD‡ivc| evsjv Dcb¨vm mvwn‡Z¨ †h-AvaywbKZv ew¼gP‡›`ªi nvZ a‡i cÖwZôv cvq, Zv wQj BD‡ivcxq fvev”Qvw`Z| G cÖm‡½ †`‡ek iv‡qi `„wó‡KvY D‡jøL¨, wZwb AvaywbKZvi ˆewk¦K PwiÎ we‡kølY K‡i‡Qb Ñ ÔBD‡iv‡ciB cÖ‡qvR‡b mgMÖ we‡k¦ ÔAvaywbKZvÕ bvgK aviYvwU wbg©vY K‡i‡Q BD‡ivc wb‡RB| Avi BD‡ivcm„ó GB wek¦ex¶v ev gvb`Ð w`‡q Jcwb‡ewkK evsjv Dcb¨v‡mi 6 Rb¥exR|Õ wKš‘ cÖvPxb AvL¨vbKve¨‡K AvwkÖZ K‡i gnv‡k¦Zvi Kwe e›`¨NUx MvwTi Rxeb I g„Zz¨ Dcb¨vmwU‡Z AšÍ¨R †kÖwYi Kwe n‡q-IVvi †cQ‡bi hš¿Yv Ges Zuvi KiæY cwiYwZ-msewjZ Dcb¨vm, hv cÖK…Zc‡¶ AvaywbK bq, DËivaywbK mvwnZ¨Kg© n‡q I‡V e‡jB cvVK wn‡m‡e Avgvi aviYv| hw`I wb‡R Zuvi Kwe‡K AvaywbK e‡j D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb| wKš‘ mvwn‡Z¨i ZË¡ we‡kølY‡K gv_vq †i‡LB Avgiv GB Dcb¨vm‡K DËivaywbK c‡e©i mve-AjUvb© avivi Ask wn‡m‡e we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvwi| AiY¨Rxeb †_‡K mf¨ RM‡Z G‡m Kwe nIqv‡K gnv‡k¦Zv †`ex AvaywbK ej‡ZB cv‡ib, wKš‘ wZwb hLb AšÍ¨R †kÖwY †_‡K Zuvi Kwe‡K wewbg©vY K‡ib, wØZxq Rb¥ †`b, ZLb Zv Avi AvaywbKZvi g‡a¨ mxgve× _v‡Kwb, Zv n‡q D‡V‡Q DËivaywbK| AvaywbKZv hLb Jcwb‡ewkK †kÖwYfz³ n‡q gvbegyw³i c‡_ Dj‡Uv `g‡bi †KŠkj n‡q c‡o ZLbB N‡U wewbg©vY, m„wó nq DËivaywbK cÖwµqv| gnv‡k¦Zv Zuvi ÔKwe e›`¨NUx MvwTÕ‡K wewbg©vY K‡i‡Qb, Zv gyKz›`iv‡gi Qvqvq| G cÖm‡½ gjq ivq‡PŠayixi DËi-Jcwb‡ewkKZv cÖe‡Üi

e¨vL¨vsk ¯§iY Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i Ñ Ô†cv÷gWvwb©Rg ev AvayybvwšÍKZv, AvaywbKZvi gnvbZvq wek¦vm K‡i bv, †Kbbv AvaywbKZv g~jZ D˜MZ n‡qwQj mvgªvR¨ev`x BD‡iv‡c... Kvj wefvR‡bi w`K †_‡K 1947-cieZx© mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZ‡K 7 fveyKiv ej‡Qb †cv÷K‡jvwbqvj ev DËi-Jcwb‡ewkK|Õ Avgv‡`i Dcb¨vm mvwnZ¨ BD‡ivcxq nvZ †Q‡o hLb †_‡K G‡`kxq n‡q D‡V‡Q, Zvivk¼i e‡›`¨vcva¨vq (1898-1971), mZxbv_ fv`yox (1906-65), gvwbK e‡›`¨vcva¨vq (1908-56), gnv‡k¦Zv †`ex (1926-2016) Ges †`‡ek ivq (1936), †mB †`kxq n‡q-IVv Dcb¨v‡mi Ab¨Zg wbg©vZv| gnv‡k¦Zv †`kxq Dcb¨v‡mi iPbvi †¶‡Î †h-f‚wgKv †i‡L‡Qb, Zvi g‡a¨ Kwe e›`¨NUx MvwTi Rxeb I g„Zz¨ Dcb¨vmwU D‡jøL¨, †Kbbv GLv‡b wZwb †jvKevsjvi AvL¨vbixwZi AeZviYv K‡i‡Qb| Avgv‡`i cÖvPxb mvwn‡Z¨i AvL¨vbixwZ g~jZ weeiYg~jK| †hLv‡b ¸iæ‡Z¡i m‡½ Dc¯’vcb Kiv nq ¯’vb, Kvj, NUbv, cÖK…wZ I Pwi·K| AvL¨vbKve¨, g½jKve¨ cÖf…wZ avivq GB welq¸‡jv j¶Yxq| †Zgwb ¸iæZ¡c~Y© n‡q Dc¯’vwcZ nq AvL¨v‡bi ¯’vbcU, Pwi‡Îi AvKvi-cÖK…wZ-Lv`¨vf¨vm-cwi”Q`, †jvKvPvi cÖf…wZ| Kwe e›`¨NUx MvwTi Rxeb I g„Zz¨ Dcb¨vmwU cvVv‡šÍ AvL¨vbweb¨v‡m Gme ˆewkó¨ cwi`„ó nq| wewfbœ hyM bvbv m¤cÖ`v‡qi AvPvi-AvPiY, ms¯‹vi-ms¯‹…wZ I ag©wek¦v‡mi Ici cÖwZwôZ n‡q I‡V| Ggwb evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i ga¨hy‡Mi †PZbvq hLb Kwe gyKz›`ivg PµeZx©i Rxeb I Kv‡e¨i cÖwZ Abyi³ gnv‡k¦Zv, †mB Kwe‡K gv_vq †i‡L Zuvi Kwe‡K wewbg©vY K‡ib, ZLb Zv †hb cÖvšÍeZx© mgvRRxe‡bi e„Ëvq‡b wPwÎZ n‡q I‡V| gnv‡k¦Zv †`ex-iwPZ KwePwiÎwU GK eÜzi c_ AwZµg K‡i Kwe L¨vwZ cvq; wKš‘ †kl ch©šÍ Jcb¨vwmK Kwe‡K wbg©g cwiYwZi †fZ‡i wb‡q hvb| ¯^-RvwZ †Q‡o Avmv Kwe Kjg aivi Aciv‡a eY©kvwmZ mgv‡Ri Kv‡Q kvw¯ÍcÖvß| Ab¨w`‡K Kwe wb‡Ri ¯^-RvwZi Wv‡K mvov w`‡q wd‡i †h‡Z Pvb bv, Pzqvo‡`i ivRv nIqvi AvnŸvb cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡ib| Kwe eb‡`ex Afqvi e›`bvMxZ iPbv K‡ib, †h Afqv ¯^‡cœ Zuv‡K wb‡q cvÂvjx wjL‡Z ejj, †mB Afqvi Kv‡QI Zuvi †kl AvkÖq †g‡j bv| 8 Kwe i³v³ n‡q AvKzwZ Rvbvq Ôgv‡qi jvoxi g‡a¨ hveÕ e‡j Ñ wKš‘ AvkÖq †g‡j bv| d‡j hš¿Yvi gvS w`‡q wbwg©Z Kwei Rxeb Avevi i³v³ cwiYwZi w`‡K †Mj| Avi NUbvi Ggb cwi‡cÖwÿZ Dcb¨v‡m cÖvšÍR‡bi ¯^‡ii Giƒc Dc¯’vcbv cvVK‡K wfbœ ¯^v‡` Av”Qbœ K‡i, hv‡K DËivaywbK avivi mvwnZ¨ wn‡m‡e wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvwi| GB avivq `wjZ †kÖwYi KÉ Giƒc wbg©vY‡K mve-AjUvb© ejv †h‡Z cv‡i| †jLK KweK¼Y gyKz›`ivg PµeZx©i g‡Zv D”Pe‡Y©i Kwei Qvqvq Zuvi Kwe‡K wb‡q Av‡mb, cÖvwšÍK Rb‡Mvôxi †_‡K Kwe Z_v wkíx mËv wbg©v‡Y cÖ_vMZ †_‡K evB‡ii Dcb¨vm m„wó‡Z e¨vß n‡q I‡Vb, †Zgwb cÖvwšÍK Kɯ^i‡K Zz‡j G‡b‡Qb g~j †mªv‡Zi gvby‡li mvwn‡Z¨, hv wb‡Pi w`K †_‡K BwZnvm‡K †`Lvi Bw½Z enb K‡i| Ic‡ii w`K †_‡K bq, hv mve-AjUvb© ÷vwW‡Ri Ask n‡q †`Lv †`q| Avi mve-AjUvb© DËivaywbKZviB GK ÷vwWR| †m‡¶‡Î ejv hvq, †cv÷-gWvwb©R‡gi †¶‡Î mve-AjUvb© Avmvi Av‡M †_‡KB gnv‡k¦Zv Zuvi wb‡Ri g‡Zv K‡i mve-AjUvb© PP©v K‡i‡Qb| KviY mve-AjUvb© ÷vwWR msKjb cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ nq Ô1982Õ 9 mv‡j | G ch©v‡q DËi-AvaywbKZvev` cÖm‡½ ZiæY Av‡jvPK ingvb RwR©i e³e¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Ñ Avaywb‡Ki c¶cvZ i‡q‡Q BwZnv‡mi gnveqvb Ges

Áv‡bi ALÐZvi Ici| Gi wek¦vm i‡q‡Q wg_ I mvgvwRK-mvs¯‹…wZK HK¨ Ges weÁvb I cÖhyw³i AMÖMwZi Ici| Ab¨w`‡K, DËivaywbKZv Gme‡K m‡›`n K‡i, cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i| gnveqvb‡K †m irony-i gva¨‡g Awewbg©vY K‡i, mvgvwRK I mvs¯‹…wZK eû‡Z¡ wek¦vm K‡i, 10 cÖhyw³i mskq †`Lvq| Avgiv gnv‡k¦Zv †`exi Kwe e›`¨NUx MvwTi Rxeb I g„Zz¨ Dcb¨v‡mi we‡køl‡Y Giƒc cÖZ¨vL¨vb Avi m‡›`‡ni gv‡S eû ms¯‹…wZi mgvM‡g Kvwnwbi we¯Ívi Ges irony-K fv‡e Kwei wewbg©vY †`L‡Z cvB| ZvB G-Dcb¨vm‡K AvaywbK bv e‡j DËivaywbK ejv †kÖq g‡b KiwQ| welqwU Dcb¨v‡mi we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g Av‡iv ¯úó n‡q DV‡e| gnv‡k¦Zv †`ex Avw`evmx Rxe‡bi cÖwZ †h-`vqe×Zvi RvqMv †_‡K DrmvwiZ n‡q iPbv K‡i‡Qb Ai‡Y¨i AwaKvi, †PvwÆ gyÐv Ges Zvi Zxi, †U‡ivW¨vKwUj, c~iYmnvq I wci_v, myiR MvMivB, ¶zav cÖf„wZ Dcb¨vm| Kwe e›`¨NUx MvwTi Rxeb I g„Zz¨ Dcb¨vmwU †mfv‡e ev †mB gvb‡m iwPZ n‡q‡Q ejv hv‡e bv; wKš‘ G-Dcb¨v‡mi †¶‡ÎI †jL‡Ki BwZnvm-†PZbv me©`v RvMÖZ wQj, hv c~‡e©B D‡jøL K‡iwQ| BwZnv‡mi cÖ”Qvqvq I NUbvcÖevn Aej¤^b K‡i †jL‡Ki g‡bvRMrm„ó AvL¨vb| G-cÖm‡½ †jLK wb‡RB f‚wgKvq e‡j‡Qb Ñ mewKQyi c‡i ewj, BwZnvm G M‡íi cUf‚wgKv, wKš‘ Avm‡j Kwei Rb¥ I g„Zz¨i i³v³ BwZnvm G‡Kev‡iB †jL‡Ki gvbmvwkÖZ|... †kl ch©šÍ †h‡nZz MíB ej‡Z †P‡qwQ †m‡nZz G Kvwnwb‡Z huviv BwZnvm LuyR‡eb Ges 11 LyuR‡eb bv Zuv‡`i Kv‡iv Kv‡QB Avgvi ejevi wKQy †bB| †jL‡Ki GB gšÍe¨ ZvwË¡K Ges AvÿwiK A‡_© mZ¨| †Kbbv Dcb¨vm †Kv‡bv BwZnv‡mi eB bq, BwZnvm wjL‡Z n‡j NUbvi mvwe©K Dc¯’vcb †hgb Riæwi, †Zgwb BwZnvm‡K mZ¨ n‡Z nq; wKš‘ Dcb¨v‡mi †ÿ‡Î †m-`vq †bB ej‡jB P‡j| †m hZB BwZnvm-AvwkÖZ Dcb¨vm †nvK bv †Kb, Zv †jL‡Ki Kíbvi wgkÖ‡Y m„ó| wdKkb ej‡Z Avgiv GUv‡K eywS| wKš‘ hLb gnv‡k¦Zv †`ex wb‡RB Avevi e‡jb, ÔgyKz›`iv‡gi `vwgb¨v Z¨v‡Mi KviY †Zv bqv kvm‡Ki Ryjyg Rei`w¯Í| wKš‘ †`k †Q‡o Aviovq wM‡q wZwb euvKzov iv‡qi mfvq KweL¨vwZ cvb| GB Kwe n‡q IVvi KvwnwbB Avwg ÔKwe e›`¨NUx MvwTi 12 Rxeb I g„Zz¨Õ-†Z wj‡LwQ|Õ Avm‡j †jL‡Ki fvebvq †h-Abyfe cÖwZôv cvq, m„wóK‡g©i †mB fvewU memgq †jLK e¨vL¨v K‡ib bv ev Zv RiæwiI bq| KweK¼Y gyKz›`iv‡gi GB Kwe n‡q IVvi KvwnwbB wZwb Kwe e›`¨NUx MvwTi Rxeb I g„Zz¨‡Z wj‡L‡Qb, ZvB G-Dcb¨vm‡K HwZnvwmK Dcb¨vm ej‡Z cvwi| Z‡e †m‡ÿ‡Î GB mZ¨ †Zv we`¨gvbB _v‡K †h, Zv HwZnvwmK Dcb¨vm gvÎ, BwZnvm bq| mgvRweÁv‡bi we‡køl‡Y M‡elKiv A‡bK wel‡qB BwZnvm I Mí-Dcb¨vm‡K gv_vq †i‡L Z_¨ AbymÜvb Pvwj‡q mvgvwRK PwiÎ we‡kølY K‡ib, Avi GB we‡kølY c×wZ GLb ch©šÍ MÖnY‡hvM¨Zvi †ÿ‡Î †kÖq Ae¯’v‡b i‡q‡Q| KweK¼Y gyKz›`iv‡gi GB Kwe n‡q-IVvi KvwnwbB wZwb Kwe e›`¨NUx MvwTi Rxeb I g„Zz¨‡Z wj‡L‡Qb, †jLK wb‡R e‡j‡Qb e‡jB bq; eis Dcb¨vmwU cv‡Vi gva¨‡g ga¨hy‡Mi I †cŠivwYK AvL¨v‡bi †fZi w`‡q †ivgvw›UK Dcb¨v‡mi kixi wbg©v‡Y Avgiv Zv †`L‡Z cvB, hv HwZnvwmK Uª¨v‡RwW| wZwb Dcb¨v‡m ga¨hy‡Mi fvlv e¨envi K‡i‡Qb, †hgb Ñ AvBqZ, †Xgmv, jvPvox, ˆjKv Giƒc k‡ãi †LuvR †g‡j Dcb¨vm Ry‡o|

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Dcb¨vm †k‡l GB Dcb¨v‡m e¨eüZ †`kR kãvewji GKUv ZvwjKvI wZwb D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb| wZwb Afqvg½j iPbvi wbwg‡Ë †h-c`¸‡jv e¨envi K‡i‡Qb, Zv g½jKv‡e¨i Av`‡j wbwg©Z n‡q ev¯ÍeZvi ¯^iƒc n‡q I‡V| Dcb¨vm †_‡K we‡klfv‡e D‡jøL¨ Ñ Av †Mv e‡bi nsm Avgvi cÎ ˆjqv hvI| PÂz‡Z ˆjqv hvI PÂz‡Z ˆjqv hvI PÂz‡Z ˆjqv hvI! GB AvKvk Avgvi ZzjU KvMR, cÎ ˆjqv hvI! GB bjeb Avgvi †jLbx, cÎ ˆjqv hvI! 13 GB iƒcbvivqY Avgvi gmxcvÎ, ˆjqv hvI \ g½jKv‡e¨i ci‡Z-ci‡Z Giƒc Kve¨gqZv Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB| Kve¨im †_‡K MVb cÖwµqvq gnv‡k¦Zvi GB wbg©v‡Y mv`„k¨ we`¨gvb| D`vniY D‡jøL¨ Lye Riæwi bq, Zey ejv hvq, gbmvg½j Kv‡e¨ Awbiæ× I Elv AwMœKz‡Ð Suvc w`‡q AvZ¥Z¨vM Ki‡j, ZLb Ñ †mvbvi cyZzwj `ywU QvB nTv †Mj| 14 ågi-ågix `ywU Dwo‡Z jvwMj \ Ñ (weòz cvj) (evsjv g½jKv‡e¨i BwZnvm, c„ 123) Ab¨w`‡K W. AwmZKzgvi e‡›`¨vcva¨v‡qi evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i m¤ú~Y© BwZe„Ë MÖš’wU †_‡K Avgiv †h-Z_¨ cvB, Zv gnv‡k¦Zv †`exi Dcb¨vm Av‡jvPbvi Rb¨ ¯§iY‡hvM¨ Ñ Zuvi Kve¨ mvaviYZ Afqvg½j bv‡g cwiwPZ|...

AvZ¥cwiP‡q †`Lv hv‡”Q gyNj-cvVv‡bi we‡iv‡ai mgq cwiYZ eq‡m wZwb Ni †Q‡owQ‡jb|... mcwiev‡i eû Kó †fvM K‡i wZwb †gw`bxcy‡ii eªvþYf‚wgi Rwg`vi euvKzov iv‡qi AvkÖq †c‡jb| BwZc~‡e© GKw`b †`ex PwÐKv Kwe‡K, ¯^‡cœ Avwef‚©Z n‡q, Zuvi gwngvwelqK Kve¨ wjL‡Z wb‡`©k w`‡qwQ‡jb|... Zuvi QvÎ Rwg`vi n‡q Zuv‡K PÐxKve¨ wjwLevi Rb¨ Aby‡iva Ki‡Z jvM‡jb| GB mgq †MŠoe‡½ gyNj myev`vi gvbwms‡ni mykvm‡b kvwšÍ wd‡i AvmwQj| ZLb AvZ¥xq-eÜz Ges Qv‡Îi Aby‡iv‡a Ges †`exi c~e©¯^cœv‡`k ¯§iY K‡i gyKz›`ivg Afqvg½j ev PÐxg½j Kve¨ iPbvq cÖ¯‘Z n‡jb| GB AvZ¥K_vmsµvšÍ e„ËvšÍwU ev¯Íe Rxebi‡m ficyi, HwZnvwmK Zvrc‡h© A_©en Ges 15 Kve¨¸‡Y AwZkq cÖksmbxq| Kwe e›`¨NUx MvwTi Rxeb I g„Zz¨ Dcb¨v‡m Kwe e›`¨NUx MvwT‡K †`Lv hvq †`exi ¯^cœv‡`k †c‡q Afqvg½j iPbv Ki‡Z Ges hvi gva¨‡g wZwb KweL¨vwZ AR©b K‡ib| Dcb¨v‡mi bvwqKv dzjøiv bvgwU g½jKve¨ †_‡K †bIqv fvevB †h‡Z cv‡i| gyKz›`ivg PµeZx©i Kvj‡KZz DcvL¨v‡b Avgiv dzjøiv bv‡gi Pwi‡Îi Dcw¯’wZ †`‡LwQ| G cÖm‡½ iex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii ÔHwZnvwmK Dcb¨vmÕ cÖeÜ †_‡K Ñ Ôi‡mi m„RbUvB D‡Ïk¨, AZGe †mRb¨ HwZnvwmK DcKiY †h cwigv‡Y hZUzKz mvnvh¨ 16 K‡i †m cwigv‡Y ZZUzKz jB‡Z Kwe KzwÉZ nb bv|Õ iex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii D‡jøL¨ e³e¨‡K mvg‡b †i‡L wewRZ Kzgvi `Ë GKwU e¨vL¨v †`b| Zv n‡”Q Ñ Jcb¨vwmK‡K HwZnvwmK we‡e‡Ki cÖwZ wek¦¯Í n‡Z n‡e GUv wVK| wKš‘ Zuvi HwZnvwmK we‡eK Ñ cvÎcvÎx wbe©vP‡b, NUbv wbg©v‡Y, Av‡eM-Abyf‚wZi cÖKv‡k, PwiÎwP·Y wkíx mËv‡K ¸iæZ¡ w`‡Z n‡e| Z‡eB iex›`ªbv‡_i Kw_Z HwZnvwmK i‡mi ¯^iƒc Dcjwä n‡e, 17 AZxZ RxešÍ n‡q DV‡e| Kwe e›`¨NUx MvwTi Rxeb I g„Zz¨ Dcb¨vmwUI ga¨hy‡Mi g½jKve¨ I ZrKvjxb mgq‡K wb‡q wjwLZ| gnv‡k¦Zv †`ex Dcb¨v‡mi PwiÎ-wPÎY Ges mvgvwRK †cÖ¶vcU wbg©v‡Y †mB

18

mgq‡K Zvrch©c~Y© K‡i Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb Dcb¨vmwU‡Z| †jLK wb‡RB Dcb¨v‡m BwZnv‡mi e¨envi cÖm‡½ e‡jb Ñ BwZnv‡mi gyL¨ KvRB n‡”Q gvby‡li AšÍgy©Lx cyiælv_©‡K evB‡ii †Mvjgvj, msMÖvg I mgv‡iv‡ni AveR©bv Ges aŸsm¯Í‚c mwi‡q mwi‡q A‡š^lY Kiv, A_© I Zvrch© †`Iqv| Avi ZLbB GB wfZicv‡b †PvL‡gjvi `iæbB Awbevh©fv‡e †ewi‡q Av‡m mgvRbxwZ I A_©bxwZ; †ewi‡q Avm‡Z eva¨|... GB mgvRbxwZ I A_©bxwZi gv‡b nj 18 †jvKvPvi, †jvK ms¯‹…wZ, †jŠwKK Rxebe¨e¯’v| 19 wZwb Zuvi GB Dcb¨vm‡K c~‡e© DwjøwLZ Ô†jL‡Ki gvbmvwkÖZÕ e‡j D‡jøL Ki‡jI Avgiv Dcb¨v‡mi cU wbg©v‡Y BwZnv‡mi im Lyu‡R cvB, Ges †jLK †ek fv‡jvfv‡eB Dcb¨vmwU‡Z ga¨hy‡Mi gvbyl, gvbweKZv Ges mgvRwP·K Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| Z‡e Zv BwZnv‡mi †ivgvÝmg„× fv‡e| hw`I †jLK e‡jb, 20 ÔBwZnv‡mi †ivgvÝ Avgv‡K Avi AvK…ó KiwQj bvÕ| Zey GB Dcb¨v‡m BwZnv‡mi m‡½ †ivgvÝ †hgb Luy‡R cvIqv hvq, †Zgwb †jL‡Ki g‡bvRMr-m„ó Dcb¨vm n‡jI †lvok kZ‡Ki evsjviB wkwíZ AvL¨vb Kwe e›`¨NUx MvwTi Rxeb I g„Zz¨ Dcb¨vmwU| HwZnvwmK mgq‡K †K›`ª K‡i ev †mB †cÖ¶vcU‡K Dcb¨v‡m wb‡q Avmvi welqwU evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ c~‡e©I wQj| ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævc¨va¨vq (1838-94) Giƒc BwZnv‡m †ivgvÝ I Kíbv wgwk‡q Dcb¨vm iPbv K‡i‡Qb| †m¸‡jv weï× HwZnvwmK Dcb¨vm wn‡m‡e mgv‡jvP‡Ki we‡iva _vK‡jI wkíe¯‘ wn‡m‡e †mme Dcb¨vm me hy‡MB ¯^xK…Z| Zuvi `y‡M©kbw›`bx (1865), KcvjKzÐjvq (1866) Giƒc †ivgv‡Ýi †`Lv †g‡j| BwZnvm‡K bZzb `„wó‡KvY †_‡K mvaviY gvby‡li wPšÍv-†PZbvq Awfwl³ n‡q HwZnvwmK Dcb¨vm iPbvi avivwU m¤¢eZ ïiæ K‡ib cÖg_bv_ wekx (1901-85) I bvivqY M‡½vcva¨vq (1918-70)| cÖg_bv_ wekxi †Rvov`xwNi †PŠayix cwievi (1938) Ges bvivqY M‡½vcva¨v‡qi wZb L‡Ði Dcb¨vm Dcwb‡ek (1944) G cÖm‡½ D‡jøL¨| Z‡e f‚‡`e gy‡Lvcva¨v‡qi (1827-94) 1857 mv‡j cÖKvwkZ Dcb¨vm A½yixI wewbgq I mdj ¯^cœ‡K GB avivi cÖ_g Dcb¨vm wn‡m‡e aiv n‡q _v‡K| Zvivk¼i e‡›`¨vcva¨v‡qi (1898-1971) ivav I Mbœv †eMg| cieZx©Kv‡j G-avivq †jLv Dcb¨v‡mi g‡a¨ Awgqf‚lY gRyg`v‡ii (1918-2001) Puv`‡e‡b (1993 mv‡j MÖš’vKv‡i cÖKvk), kIKZ Imgv‡bi (1917-98) µxZ`v‡mi nvwm (1962) I ivRv DcvL¨vb (1971), ˆmq` kvgmyj n‡Ki (1935-2016) Avqbvwewei cvjv, m‡Z¨b †m‡bi Awfkß bMix (1968), we‡`ªvnx ˆKeZ© (1969) cÖf„wZ D‡jøL‡hvM¨| †mwjbv †nv‡m‡bi bxj gq~‡ii †hŠeb (1982), Puv`‡e‡b (1984), Kvj‡KZz I dzjøiv (1992) cÖf…wZ D‡jøL¨| evsjv Dcb¨v‡m HwZnvwmK mgqKvj‡K Dcb¨v‡mi NUbvKvj wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv K‡i Dcb¨vm †jLvi wel‡q eû Jcb¨vwm‡Ki Dcb¨v‡mi mÜvb evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ cvIqv hv‡e| huviv BwZnvm †_‡K wg_ I HwZn¨‡K A‡š^lY K‡i Dcb¨vm iPbv K‡i‡Qb, KL‡bv-ev †mB Dcb¨v‡mi PwiÎiv eZ©gvb mgv‡Ri cÖwZwbwaI e‡U| gnv‡k¦Zv †`ex wb‡RB BwZnvm AvkÖq K‡i eû Dcb¨vm wj‡L‡Qb| wKš‘ wZwb BwZnvm‡K †`‡L‡Qb wfbœ `„wófw½‡Z, d‡j Zuvi Dcb¨v‡m wZwb ivR-ivRov‡`i BwZnvm‡K †K›`ª K‡i AvL¨vb wbg©v‡Y e¨vß bv n‡q, `wjZ †kÖwY‡K BwZnv‡mi Av‡jv‡K Zz‡j G‡b‡Qb, hv‡K AšÍ¨R ¯^i ejv †h‡Z cv‡i| G cÖm‡½ MvqÎx PµeZx© e‡j‡Qb, Ôvoice 21 from the marginÕ| `wjZiv wK K_v ej‡Z cv‡i? ev MÖvgwk hLb e‡jb, K…l‡Ki c‡ÿ Kjg ai‡eb †Kv‡bv eyw×RxexB, ZLb Avgiv GB Dcb¨v‡mi wPÎwU Avevi †f‡e †`L‡Z cvwi| gnv‡k¦Zv

†`exi Kwe e›`¨NUx MvwTi Rxeb I g„Zz¨ Dcb¨vwU‡ZI BwZnvm-AvwkÖZ †ivgv‡Ýi †mB cÖvwšÍK Rb‡Mvôxi Kɯ^iB ¯úó n‡q I‡V| G-cÖm‡½ cv_©cÖwZg e‡›`¨vcva¨v‡qi e³e¨ cÖwYavb‡hvM¨ Ñ g‡b co‡Q, gnv‡k¦Zv †`ex, Zuvi GB Dcb¨vmwU‡K †ivgvw›UK e‡jwQ‡jb| Ô†ivgvw›UKÕ kãwU gnv‡k¦Zvi mgMÖ Dcb¨vm RMr m¤ú‡K© Zvrch©c~Y©| `ytmn ev¯Í‡ei Qwe AuvKvi AšÍiv‡j GKUv †ivgvw›UK cÖwZev`, GKUv †ivgvw›UK ¯^cœ gnv‡k¦Zvi Dcb¨v‡m Rwo‡q _v‡K, ZvB Zuvi AmvaviY I mvaviY bvqK-bvwqKviv AvcvZ civR‡qi g‡a¨I Ab¨ gvÎvq Kv‡jvˇii m½x nq| K_vUv †evanq Ruv cj mv‡Î© e‡jwQ‡jb, †mvk¨vwj÷ wiq¨vwjRg bq, `iKvi †mvk¨vwj÷ †ivgvw›UwmRg| gnv‡k¦Zvi Dcb¨v‡m, †mUvB cvB Ñ ev¯Íe I ¯^‡cœi, BwZnv‡m, mg~‡ni mZ¨ I e¨w³, Dcb¨v‡mi ˆkwíK Ø›Øgq wbg©vY wµqvq Zuvi Zvrch©c~Y© Dcb¨vm¸wj †hb GK †ivgvw›UK RvMiY| Kwe e›`¨NUx 22 ZviB GK cÖZœ-cÖwZgv| Kwe e›`¨NUx MvwTi Rxeb I g„Zz¨ Dcb¨vwU‡ZI BwZnvm-AvwkÖZ †ivgv‡Ýi †`LvB ïay †g‡j bv, Avw` AiY¨evmx mgv‡Ri wg_, U¨vey Avi †Uv‡Ug wg‡j iƒcK n‡q I‡V mgMÖ Dcb¨v‡m| GLv‡b gnv‡k¦Zv AvL¨vb iPbv K‡ib weeiYg~jK fw½‡Z; wKš‘ NUbv ci¤úiv myweb¨¯Í bq| Kvwnwbi avivevwnKZv GLv‡b †`Lv hvq bv| Kvwnwb cÖwZwbqZ eZ©gvb I AZx‡Zi g‡a¨ Wz‡e hvq| Dcb¨v‡mi ïiæ nq fxgv`j iv‡R¨i GK ïuwoLvbvi gvwj‡Ki K_KZvq| †MvjKïuwo bvgK ïuwoLvbvi †jvKwU Avi Zvi gvZ½x †h-gnv`y‡h©v‡Mi K_v e‡j, Zvi gva¨‡g cvVK Rvb‡Z cv‡ib cÖvPxb evwYR¨bMixi †jvKe„‡Ëi BwZnvm| Kwe e›`¨NUx MvwTi Rxeb I g„Zz¨ ZLb BwZnv‡mi Mí n‡q wd‡i Av‡m| †jLK Avgv‡`i †h-mgq Avi bMixi K_v e‡jb Zv †lvok kZvãxi| AvKei ev`kvi ivRZ¡Kv‡j w`wjøi QΔQvqvq evsjv GgbwK mviv fvi‡Z Qwo‡q-wQwU‡q _vKv Ki` mvgšÍiv‡R¨i K_v| eZ©gv‡b hv‡K †gw`bxcyi †Rjv ejv nq, ga¨hy‡M mvgšÍZvwš¿K †iIqv‡R †mLv‡b cuvP-QqwU ivR¨ wQj| Dcb¨v‡m DwjøwLZ ivRv MM© ejø‡fi fxgv`j ivR¨wU wQj Dwol¨vi mxgvšÍeZx© GjvKv| †hLv‡b fxgv`j I Dwol¨vi †evjvw½i A‡ji ga¨eZx©‡Z i‡q‡Q weivU wb`qv AiY¨| eb¨cï Avi AšÍ¨R Pzqvo RvwZ Qvov †KD †mLv‡b evm Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| Gme AiY¨evmx Pzqvo‡`i Avw`cyiæl nvwZ‡`i i¶vKZ©v GK gywbi mšÍvb| Zviv AiY¨ †Q‡o Av‡m bv, hw` †KD AiY¨ Qvo‡Z Pvq Z‡e †m nvwZi cv‡q wcó n‡q gviv hvq| GBme AiY¨ Pzqvo fxgv`j iv‡R¨i ivRvi n‡q hy× Ki‡Z Av‡m Ges hyׇk‡l Avevi Ai‡Y¨ wd‡i hvq| Zviv Ai‡Y¨ ¯^vaxbfv‡e evm K‡i| Lye mgm¨vq bv co‡j ivRvi Kv‡Q Av‡m bv| GLv‡b †jLK evwYR¨bMixi wkívwqZ Rxe‡bi m‡½ Ai‡Y¨i Awaevmx Avw`g †Mvôxi AvL¨vb Zz‡j Av‡bb| ¶z`ª n‡jI fxgv`j ivR¨ iƒcbvivqY b`xe›`i GKwU AvšÍR©vwZK evwYR¨‡K›`ª nIqvi d‡j GLv‡bi Rb‡Mvôx abx I cÖfvekvjx| Avi GB mg„w×i AvIZvq Av‡m ivRvi AbyMÖnfvRb D”Pe‡M©i gvbylRb| †mB mgv‡R ivRv nIqv hZUv mnR, eªvþY nIqv ZZUv mnR bq| †mLv‡b ivRv M‡M©i w¯’i wek¦vm, eY©vkÖg a‡g©i boPo n‡j Zvi wmsnvmb _vK‡e bv| Gfv‡eB NUbv mg„× K‡i gnv‡k¦Zv †`ex Kwe e›`¨NUx MvwTi Rxeb I g„Zz¨ evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i ga¨hy‡Mi AvL¨vb Dcb¨v‡m wb‡q Av‡mb, hv evsjv Dcb¨v‡mi avivq A‡c¶vK…Z bZzb ms‡hvRb| Dcb¨v‡mi G-avivwU m¤ú‡K© †`‡ek iv‡qi Dcb¨v‡m bZzb ai‡bi †Luv‡Ri GKwU we‡kølY D‡jøL¨ Ñ

eªZK_v, cuvPvwj, K_KZv, KxZ©‡b Avgv‡`i GKUv Kvwnbxi aib †Zv wQj| G¸‡jvi QK wQj euvavQK wKš‘ cÖ‡Z¨Kevi cÖ‡Z¨K eªZK_v ev cuvPvwjKvi ev K_KVvKzi ev KxZ©wbqvq ejvi m‡½-m‡½ GB Kvwnbx¸wj A™¢yZfv‡e e`‡j †hZ| GB Kvwnbx wfbœ K_‡Ki Mjvq-fvlvq wfbœ wfbœ Kvwnbx n‡q †hZ| GKB euvav Q‡Ki Kvwnbx GgbB Ae¨_©Zvq KvwnbxKv‡ii e¨w³‡Z¡i Quv‡P Av‡iv GKevi XvjvB n‡q 23 †hZ| gnv‡k¦Zvi GB Dcb¨v‡m †Zgwb KvwnwbKv‡ii e¨w³‡Z¡i bZzb QuvP cvV‡Ki gv‡S cwi`„ó n‡e| Dcb¨vmZvwË¡K wgLvBj evLwZb Dcb¨v‡mi fvlvi †LuvR K‡i‡Qb eû¯^vwiKZvi gva¨‡g eû Pwi‡Îi eû ai‡bi fvlv-msjvc †jL‡Ki wbR¯^ weei‡Yi mgš^‡q| G-cÖm½wU‡K AbymiY K‡i †`‡ek ivq e¨³ K‡i‡Qb, eû ¯^i I eû gvby‡li gnvmgvMg NwU‡qB Dcb¨v‡mi Av‡qvRb; wZwb e‡jb Ñ ÔGKB mgv‡Ri eû¯Í‡ii ev¯ÍeZv‡K KL‡bv Avfv‡m, KL‡bv ¯úóZvq, KL‡bv Bw½‡Z, KL‡bv msjv‡c, KL‡bv weei‡Y ¯úó K‡i Zzj‡ZB Dcb¨v‡mi we‡kl d‡g©i cÖ‡qvRb n‡qwQj| Dcb¨vm KL‡bv GK ¯Íi wb‡q m¤ú~Y© nq bv, Dcb¨v‡m g~j NUbv ïay g~j 24 NUbvq AvU‡K _vK‡Z cv‡i bv|Õ †`‡ek iv‡qi Dcb¨vmwelqK GB e¨vL¨vi m‡½ gnv‡k¦Zvi Kwe e›`¨NUx MvwTi Rxeb I g„Zz¨ Dcb¨vmwUi NUbvweb¨vm I cU wbg©v‡Y mv`„k¨ j¶Yxq| gnv‡k¦Zv g~jZ g½jKv‡e¨i cÖwZwôZ †cŠivwYK Kvwnwb, Zv‡`i †jvKvPvi Avi wg_‡K wbR¯^ fw½gvq Dc¯’vcb K‡i Dcb¨v‡m bZzb gvÎv mshy³ K‡i‡Qb| †jLK mgMÖ Dcb¨v‡mi kixi Ry‡o †h †jŠwKK wek¦v‡mi e¨env‡i †cÖ¶vcU ˆZwi K‡ib| Zvi wKQy bgybv Zz‡j aiv hvK Ñ 1. K”Qc WvOvq I‡V, I Ggb S‡o k¥kv‡bi ag©VvKz‡ii †cÖZmnPiiv gy‡L Av¸b wb‡q `vcv`vwc K‡i| Ggb So cÖK…wZi iv‡R¨ hLb AvKw¯§K wKQy N‡U, mvaviYZ A‡bK Av‡M †_‡K Zvi †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv ms‡KZ †Kv_vI †Kv_vI _v‡K| †hgb, †h-eQi my`~i beØx‡c ïf †`vjc~wY©gvq †MvivPuv` Rb¥v‡eb, †m-ermi fxgv`j bMixi †MvjKïuwoi wcZvgn GK Avðh© `„k¨ †`‡LwQj| †m GKkZ Pvi ermi Av‡Mi K_v| GLb c‡b‡iv kZ GMv‡iv kKvã, ZLb †PŠÏkÕ mvZ kKvã| †MvjKïuwo Zvi ïuwoLvbvq e‡m GLbI Mí KÕ‡i _v‡K ÔKZ©v`v`v ˆgl`j n‡Z nuvUvc‡_ Avm‡Z Avm‡Z ¯úó †`‡LwQj, ... jxjebœ Kgj †hb `ÕRy‡o dz‡U iuB‡Q| †`‡LB wZwb †m‡_v‡`i ej‡j †jvbv`‡n jxjKgj, Buevi Rvbwe †fve‡b †`eZv D`q nuB‡Q|... G-K_v e‡j †MvjK mM‡e© Pviw`‡K Pvq I e‡j, ÔwZbgvm †h‡Z bv 25 †h‡Z †MvivPuv` Rb¥ wj¨‡jb|Õ 2. G ÔmgyÏy‡iÕ So‡K fxgv`‡ji gvbyl e‡ovB fq cvq|... Ggb So Zzdv‡b Puv`m`vM‡ii mßwWOv imvZ‡j hvq| b`xZx‡ii RvjyK cwj­ wb‡g‡l weRyeb nq| R‡ji Kvg‡o evwbqvRvwZi me©bvk| †e‡b †bŠKv cÖvq †d‡i bv I †e‡beD †fviiv‡Z Kz¯^cœ †`‡L Rvb‡Z cv‡i Zvi AvBqZ 26 Avi †bB| 3. AiY¨i¶wqÎx †`exi mPj cÖnix Zviv, AiY¨evmx Avw`g Pzqvo RvwZ Qvov †KD n¯Íxwe`¨v Rv‡b bv| Pzqvoiv nvwZ I 27 bvM c~Rv K‡i, ZvB Zviv wbf©‡q Ai‡Y¨ evm K‡i| 4. ÔZLb mZ¨hyM wQj MÕ, †`eZvi gvnvZ¥¨ wQj KZÕfxgv`‡ji †jvK e‡j| GLb bvwK †Nvi Kwj| Iw`‡K kÖx‰PZb¨, Gw`‡K AvKei ev`kv‡ni cÖfv‡e ab¨

19

Bmjvg, `yB ag©B mKj ARvZ‡K †Kvj w`‡q †i‡L‡Q, ZvB eªþvY¨a‡g©i cÖZvc wKQy ¶zYœ| GLb Puvovj, kei, mK‡jB B‡”Q n‡jB gv_v gywo‡q ˆeòe n‡Z cv‡i, bq‡Zv Kjgv c‡o gymjgvb, fxgv`‡ji †jvK e‡j ÔG †Nvi Kwj hw` bv 28 n‡e Z‡e Avi Kv‡K Kwj ey‡j¨ MÕ| Jcb¨vwmK Dcb¨v‡mi fxgv`‡ji gvby‡li wek¦vm, †jvKvPvi Ges agx©q `„wófw½i wewbg©v‡Yi gva¨‡g cvVK‡K iƒcbvivqY b‡`i ZxieZx© †jvKe„‡Ëi gv‡S †U‡b wb‡q hvb| †mBm‡½ Zuvi Kwei Rb¥ ev Zuvi Kwei Avwef©v‡ei c~e© AvenvIqv ˆZwi K‡ib, hv g~jZ Kwe e›`¨NUx MvwTi Rxeb I g„Zz¨i A‡bK c‡i, cyi‡bv †jvKK_v n‡q wd‡i Av‡m| gnv‡k¦Zv †`ex GB AvL¨vb wbg©v‡Y †h-†jŠwKK Kvwnwb ïuwoLvbvi g‡a¨ w`‡q wb‡q Av‡mb †mLv‡b _v‡K Puv`ewY‡Ki AvL¨vb, eY©vwkÖZ a‡g©i wecix‡Z ˆeòe ag© I Bmjvg a‡g©i gva¨‡g †h-agx©q †Muvovwgi cÖwZ AvNvZ, †mme K_v †hgb ¯úó; †Zgwb dz‡U I‡V AiY¨evmx Pzqvo m¤úª`v‡qi Ae¯’vb I ag©wek¦v‡mi wg_| evwYR¨bMix fxgv`‡ji †jv‡Ki Kv‡Q iƒcbvivqY b‡`i fqsKi iƒcwU †hfv‡e †`Lv †`q AiY¨evmx Avw`evmx mgv‡Ri Kv‡Q Zv wfbœ AvL¨vb n‡q †`Lv †`q| Dcb¨vm †_‡KB Zv D‡jøL Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i Ñ kei I Ab¨vb¨ AšÍ¨R RvZ, hviv Ai‡Y¨ _v‡K, wkKvi Avw` AviY¨ e„wË K‡i euv‡P, Zviv gvZ…Kvc~Rvi iv‡Z †`e‡`ex, b`b`x, cvnvo ce©‡Zi we‡q, fve, fvjevmv, cÖYq, cÖwZwnsmv wb‡q Mí K‡i, Mvb Mvq| Zv‡`i Kv‡Q, GKgvÎ Zv‡`i Kv‡Q, wkjveZx b`x I iƒcbvivqY b` cÖYq 29 I cÖwZwnsmvi µxZ`vm RxešÍ cyiæl igYx| iƒcbvivq‡Yi Zx‡i fxgv`j iv‡R¨i Ggwb bvbv wewPÎ †jvKK_vi gva¨‡g Dcb¨v‡mi cU wbwg©Z| wg‡_i e¨envi, a‡g©i cÖKU Dcw¯’wZ, Av_©-mvgvwRK wPÎ, PwiÎ-wP·Y wewkóZvq fxgv`‡ji †jvKe„‡Ëi K_KZvq wewPÎ mgš^q Ges †mB m‡½ ZrKvjxb bvixmgv‡Ri Ae¯’vb wewkó n‡q I‡V| wg‡_i I †jŠwKKZv wb‡q b„-weÁvbx †Rgm RR© †d«Rvi MÖš’ iPbv K‡i bZzb w`K D‡b¥vPb K‡ib, Avw`evmx mgv‡Ri GB wg_ Ges †jŠwKKZv wb‡q Gi AwZK_v, †jvKK_v, †jvKvPvim¤úwK©Z Z_¨ I Kvwnwb msKjb `¨ †Mv‡ìb evI eBwU‡Z| GwU cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ nq 1890 wLªóv‡ã| wg_ Avi g¨vwR‡Ki myMfxi mgvR-gvbm-m¤¢yZ e¨vL¨v A‡bK ms¯‹v‡ii gb¯ÍvwË¡K w`KwUi `iRv Ly‡j w`‡q‡Q| gvbePwi‡Îi g‡bi in‡m¨i Av‡iv eûZi w`K †hb Av‡jvq P‡j Gj Zvi d‡j| Kwe e›`¨NUx MvwTi Rxeb I g„Zz¨ Dcb¨v‡mi f‚wgKvq †jLK D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb †h wZwb Ñ ivpevsjvi †gw`bxf‚‡gi mvaviY gvby‡li Rxe‡bi GB wecyj eY©vX¨Zv Avgv‡K AvK…ó K‡iwQj| Ab¨w`‡K, eY©kvwmZ mgv‡Ri evB‡i †h-AiY¨evmx Avw`evmx mgvR †gw`bxcy‡i AbšÍKvj a‡i evm Ki‡Q, hviv fvi‡Zi Avw`gZg Awaevmx Zv‡`i m¤ú~Y© c„_K Aw¯ÍZ¡, †`‡evcvmbv, Zv‡`i totem I taboo, wek¦vm-cÖ_v-e¨envi, Pv›`ªermi MYbv, 30 gvZ…Kv Avivabv, Zv‡`i K_v Avgvi g‡b wQj| Dcb¨vmmvwn‡Z¨ wg_ GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq| KviY wg_ g~jZ GKUv mgv‡Ri ev m¤cÖ`v‡qi `xN©w`‡bi wg‡k _vKv †jvKvPvi ev Rxeb‡ev‡ai Øviv m„ó DcK_v, Avi Dcb¨v‡m mvgvwRKfv‡eB e¨w³mËv‡K Dc¯’vcb Kiv nq| G-cÖm‡½ †Rv‡md K¨v¤ú‡e‡ji wg_welqK wKQy K_v D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Ñ wg‡_i g~j wPšÍv GKB, Ges memgq Zv GKB wQj| Avcwb hw` wb‡Ri wg_ZË¡ Rvb‡Z Pvb Zvn‡j cÖ_‡g Rvb‡Z n‡e Avcwb †Kvb mgv‡Ri †jvK| cÖ‡Z¨K wg_ we‡kl

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Rb‡Mvôxi †eov †`Iqv †¶‡Z R‡b¥‡Q| Gici eo n‡q Zviv Ab¨ wg‡_i m‡½ wgk‡Z _v‡K, m¤úK© nq, wg‡kI 31 hvq, Ges †k‡l RwUjZi GK wg‡_i Rb¥ nq| wZwb wg_ m¤ú‡K© BD‡iv‡ci wg‡_i †h-K_v e‡jb Zv GLv‡b ¯§iY‡hvM¨ Ñ Awfavb Lyj‡j †`L‡eb †jLv Av‡Q wg_ n‡jv †`e‡`exi Mí|... †`eZv n‡jv gvbeRxe‡bi Z_v eªþv‡Ði GK Pwjòzkw³ ev ˆbwZK g~j¨‡eva| Avcbvi wb‡Ri kixi Ges cÖK…wZi wbR¯^ kw³| gvby‡li Rxe‡b wg_ n‡jv Ava¨vwZ¥K kw³i iƒcK cÖKvk| Avgv‡`i Rxeb‡K †h-kw³ cÖvY †`q, †mB GKB kw³ cÖvY `vb K‡i we‡k¦i Rxe‡bI| Aek¨ we‡kl we‡kl Rb‡Mvôxi we‡kl we‡kl wg_ Av‡Q, Av‡Q wbw`©ó msL¨K Dc‡`óv †`e‡`exI| Ab¨ K_vq, BwZnv‡m `y‡Uv m¤ú~Y© wecixZ avivi wg_Z‡Ë¡i cwiPq †g‡j| GKw`‡K Av‡Q †mB cyivY hv Avcbv‡K Avcbvi cÖK…wZ Ges Avcwb hvi Ask †mB cÖvK…wZK RM‡Zi m‡½ m¤úwK©Z K‡i, Ab¨w`‡K †mB cyivY hv G‡Kev‡i KvV‡LvÆviKg mgvRZvwË¡K, hv †Kv‡bv we‡kl mgv‡Ri m‡½ Avcbv‡K m¤ú„³ K‡i| Avcwb †h ïay cÖvK…wZK GKRb gvbyl Zv †Zv bb, Avcwb GK we‡kl m¤cÖ`v‡qiI| GB `yB avivi 32 †hvMv‡hvM j¶¨ Ki‡Z cv‡ib BD‡iv‡ci wg_Z‡Ë¡| AZGe wg_ †h‡nZz agx©q I mgvR m¤cÖ`v‡q cÖvK…wZKfv‡e msiw¶Z n‡q m„wó n‡q _v‡K, ZvB ga¨hy‡Mi ag©-AvwkÖZ AvL¨vb g½jKve¨ I mvgvwRK †jvKvPvi wb‡q gnv‡k¦Zvi Dcb¨v‡m DwjøwLZ AvL¨vb¸‡jv‡K ga¨hy‡Mi wg_ wn‡m‡eB a‡i wbw”Q| Dcb¨v‡m gnv‡k¦Zv †`ex †h †Uv‡Ug Ges U¨veyi †fZi w`‡q Avgv‡`i wb‡q hvb| †Zgwb wKQy wg‡_i K_v we‡klfv‡e D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Ñ 1. GB Pzqvoiv GKj‡e¨i ¯^RvZxq, eskci¤úivq avbywK| abyK Zv‡`i GKgvÎ A¯¿ Avi GL‡bv G‡`i `jcwZ nv‡Zi ey‡ov AvOyj †K‡U †d‡j| hviv Kv‡U bv ZvivI Zxi †Quvoevi mg‡q Wvbnv‡Zi Ab¨ Pvi AvOyj gvÎ e¨envi 33 K‡i| 2. †mB cvjKvc¨ gywbi K_v, whwb nvwZ‡`i m‡½ _vK‡Z _vK‡Z nvwZ‡`i GKRb n‡q wM‡qwQ‡jb| G‡Kev‡i cÖ_‡g nvwZiv eywS Zuv‡K Kv‡Q Avm‡Z w`Z bv, gvby‡li M܇K fq †cZ, †Nbœv KiZ| cvjKvc¨ gywb me© A‡½ nvwZi gj †g‡L _vK‡Zb, Zvi †_‡K Zuvi MÜ Avi nvwZi MÜ GK n‡q †Mj| Zuvi MÜ Avi nvwZi MÜ GK n‡q †Mj, nvwZiv Zuv‡K µ‡g me †`L‡Z w`j| Zv‡`i wg_yb, Zv‡`i kveK Rb¥`vb, Zv‡`i hy×, Zv‡`i g„Zz¨| 3. GK mg‡q wQj, me wQj| gvby‡li bL, `uvZ, ejkvjx evû, AwZKvq kixi| eywS-ev, †h Avw`g gywbcyÎ nvwZ‡`i i¶vKZ©v, Zuvi AvK…wZI †miKgB wQj| wngevn I mvM‡ii ga¨eZx© f‚-L‡Ð wZwb nvwZ‡`i m‡½ evm Ki‡Zb| nvwZiv Zuv‡K VvKzi e‡j RvbZ Ges wbR fvlvq ÔAvgv‡`i †Q‡o †hI bvÕ e‡j Zuvi A‡½ ïuo eywj‡q KZB wgbwZ RvbvZ| ZLb nvwZ‡Z gvby‡l †cÖg n‡Zv, cÖYq n‡Zv, mšÍvb n‡Zv| µ‡g, mf¨ nevi cÖ‡qvR‡b gvbyl Zvi bL, `uvZ, nvZ, †jvg, wms‡ni g‡Zv gv_v, me wemR©b w`‡q eZ©gv‡b †hgbwU †`Lv hvq †Zgwb AvK…wZ †P‡q wbj| ebevïjx Zv‡K me w`‡jb, ïay ej‡jb ÔGLb n‡Z †Zv‡Z Zvi cï‡Z fve-fvjevmv 34 iB‡e bv| D gvi‡e, Zz giwe| Zz gviwe, D gi‡e|Õ 4. nvwZ‡`i m‡½ Zv‡`i eûw`‡bi †gjeÜb| †mBR‡b¨ G

iv‡R¨ wbqg, Pzqvo`j hLwb AiY¨ †Z¨‡R Avm‡e, ivRv MM©ej­f‡K Zv‡`i Awf‡hvM ïb‡Z n‡e| Pzqvo`j NÈv, cÖni, mgq, myweav wKQyB we‡ePbv K‡i bv| Avi GK K_v Av‡Q| Pzqvo`‡ji †KD hw` RvZ †Z¨‡R AiY¨ †Q‡o 35 Av‡m, Zvi giY †Kv‡bv-bv-†Kv‡bvfv‡e nvwZi nv‡Z| gnv‡k¦Zv †`exi Avw`evmx Rxeb‡Kw›`ªK Dcb¨v‡m wg_ memgqB ¸iæZ¡c~Y©fv‡e e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q| Kwe e›`¨NUx MvwTi Rxeb I g„Zz¨ Dcb¨vmwUi †¶‡ÎI GB wg‡_i gva¨‡g AvL¨v‡bi eqvb, †h-wg‡_ nvwZi e¨envi †_‡K mgvRZvwË¡K BwZnvm wePv‡i Zv GB f‚-LÐ †_‡K DrmvwiZ wg_| ag© I cÖK…wZi e¨env‡i G †jvKms¯‹…wZi cÖKvkB ¯úó| evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i BwZnv‡m MxwZfw½i ev cuvPvjx wbg©vY A‡bK cÖvPxb Avgj †_‡KB P‡j Avm‡Q, hv mvgvwRK AvL¨v‡bi gva¨‡g wbwg©Z n‡jI cÖPzi wg_-wgwkÖZ n‡q I‡V †mB AvL¨vbmg~‡n| Zvivk¼i e‡›`¨vcva¨vq Kwe Dcb¨v‡m AšÍ¨R †bZvBPi‡Yi K‡É exYvi SsKvi †`wL‡q‡Qb, †mLv‡bI †cŠivwYK wg‡_i e¨envi n‡q‡Q| AvLZviæ¾vgvb Bwjqv‡mi †Lvqvebvgv Dcb¨v‡m Kvrjvnvi we‡ji gyÝx eqZzjøvi wg_‡K Kvwe¨K X‡O Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| AwfwRr †m‡bi iû PÐv‡ji nvo Dcb¨v‡m evwRKi‡Mvôxi RxweKvwbf©i Mv‡b †jŠwKKZv Avi wg‡_i e¨envi cwijw¶Z n‡q‡Q| †`‡ek iv‡qi wkívq‡bi cÖwZ‡e`b Dcb¨v‡mi ïiæ‡ZB Avgiv wg‡_i mÜvb cvB| GBme AšÍ¨R †kÖwYi AvL¨vb| Ab¨w`‡K gnv‡k¦Zv †`exi nvRvi Pzivwki gv wKsev N‡i †divmn eû Dcb¨v‡m wg‡_i Giƒc e¨envi cwi`„ó bq| GBme ivR‰bwZK Dcb¨v‡mi †_‡K AšÍ¨R RbRxeb iPbvi †ÿ‡Î gnv‡k¦Zv A‡bK †ewk wg_ Ges MxZfw½gvq AvL¨vb‡K wb‡q wM‡q‡Qb| Zvivk¼i e‡›`¨vcva¨vq iwPZ Kwe Dcb¨v‡m Avgiv GK wbPz RvwZi †Wvg †_‡K Kwe n‡q-IVvi Kvwnwb cvB| †mLv‡b cyiv‡Yi K_v D‡jøL Kiv nq, Zv wbgœiƒc Ñ ïay `¯‘igZ GKUv we¯§qKi NUbvB bq, ixwZg‡Zv GK msNUb| †Pvi WvKvZ es‡ki †Q‡j nVvr Kwe nBqv †Mj| bwRi Aek¨ Av‡Q e‡U, Ñ ˆ`Z¨Kz‡j cÖn¬v`| wKš‘ †mUv fMer Ñ jxjvi A½| g~K‡K whwb evPv‡j cwiYZ K‡ib, c½y huvnvi B”Qvq wMwi j•Nb Kwi‡Z cv‡i, †mB cigvb›` gva‡ei B”Qvq ˆ`Z¨Kz‡j cÖn¬v‡`i Rb¥ m¤¢eci nBqvwQj; ivgvq‡Yi Kwe evj¥xwK WvKvZ wQ‡jb e‡U, Z‡e wZwb wQ‡jb eªvþ‡Yi †Q‡j| †mI fMer-jxjv| wKš‘ KzL¨vZ AcivacÖeY †WvgeskRvZ mšÍv‡bi AK¯§vr Kweiƒ‡c AvZ¥cÖKvk‡K fMer-jxjv ejv hvq wK bv| †m-wel‡q 36 †Kv‡bv kv¯¿xq bwRi bvB| AwfwRr †m‡bi iû PÐv‡ji nvo Dcb¨v‡m Amg hy‡× civf‚Z muvIZvj evwRKi‡`i Avw` cyiæl ÔiûÕ| hvi civR‡qi Møvwb †_‡K wg‡_i Rb¥, hv hvhvei evwRKi‡Mvôxi AvZ¥wek¦vm‡K `„p K‡i Ñ iûi ¶Z †_‡K Rj¯Í‡¤¢i g‡Zv D”Q„Z n‡Z jvM‡jv i³ Ges †mB i‡³ cÖej eb¨vq b`x DVj †du‡c| †mB i‡³i b`x ewnivMZ‡`i bMix, `jZ¨vMx‡`i f‚LÐ me MÖvm K‡i aŸsm Ki‡jv| †Kej iûi AbyMvgxiv Zvi †`n‡K AvkÖq K‡i †f‡m †h‡Z _v‡K `~i-`~iv‡šÍ| Zviv iûi †`‡ni Aw¯’ 37 KqLvwb AvkÖq K‡i bZzb c‡_ cv evovq| Zvivk¼i e‡›`¨vcva¨vq-iwPZ Kwe, AwfwRr †m‡bi iû PÐv‡ji nvo Ges †`‡ek iv‡qi wkívq‡bi cÖwZ‡e`‡b wg‡_i Dcw¯’wZ Avgiv †c‡qwQ| Z‡e Zv †jL‡Ki fvlvq ewY©Z GB mKj wg_‡K †K›`ª K‡iB mgMÖ Dcb¨vm AvewZ©Z nqwb| wKš‘ gnv‡k¦Zv †`exi

Kwe e›`¨NUx MvwTi Rxeb I g„Zz¨ Dcb¨vmwU Ry‡o wg‡_i Dcw¯’wZ Øviv AvL¨vb cwiPvwjZ n‡q‡Q| ivp evsjvi wg‡_i ˆewPΨ m¤ú‡K© Avgiv BwZnvmwfwËK M‡elYv †_‡KI Rvb‡Z cvwi IB A‡ji ag©-ms¯‹…wZi ˆewPΨ m¤ú‡K©| M‡elK †mvgv gy‡Lvcva¨v‡qi MÖš’ ivpe‡½i †jvKgvZ…Kv †_‡K D‡jøL Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i Ñ ivp evsjvi gvwU, gvbyl I ms¯‹…wZi m‡½ Rwo‡q Av‡Q gvZ…Kv Dcvmbv|... Zuv‡`i mvaviYfv‡e wZbwU fv‡M wef³ Kiv hvq| (1) De©iZv I cÖRbb kw³i AwaôvÎx †`ex (2) wnsmª eb¨ Rš‘i AwaôvÎx †`ex I (3) †ivMwbeviYKvix †`ex| GB wefv‡Mi evB‡iI i‡q‡Q Ggb A‡bK †`ex, huviv MÖv‡gi i¶vKÎx©i f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i _v‡Kb A_ev Ggb wKQy AwZcÖvK…Z kw³i AwaKvix huv‡`i wVKgZ Zzó bv Ki‡Z cvi‡j ev Zuviv iæó n‡j aŸsm Awbevh©| Avevi A‡bK mgq GUvI j¶¨ Kiv †M‡Q †h, GKRb †`ex‡K GKvav‡i De©iZv, cÖRbb I †ivM wbevi‡Yi Rb¨ cy‡Rv Kiv n‡”Q| cÖZœgvby‡li m„wRZ GB †`ex‡`i wb‡q ev‡iv gv‡m †Z‡iv cve©‡Y gv‡Z iv‡pi gvbyl|... iv‡pi me©v‡c¶v 38 RbwcÖq †jŠwKK †`ex gbmv| ivpe‡½i †jvKgvZ…Kvq M‡elYvjä GBme eY©v‡X¨i AvZ¥¯’Ki‡Yi GKUv cÖwZdjb gnv‡k¦Zv †`exi Kwe e›`¨NUx MvwTi Rxeb I g„Zz¨ Dcb¨vmRy‡o; wKš‘ Zv Jcb¨vwm‡Ki wkí-`ÿZvq Ggb RxebgyLx AvL¨vb n‡q I‡V †h, NUbv cvVK‡K ZvrÿwYK eZ©gvb wn‡m‡e Pz¤^‡Ki g‡Zv †U‡b wb‡q hv‡e ïiæ †_‡K †kl Aewa| †h-Kvi‡YI Dcb¨vmwU e¨wZµgx m„wó| wZwb ga¨hy‡Mi †mB mvaviY gvby‡li eY©vX¨ Rxeb, †mB m‡½ eY©kvwmZ mgv‡Ri evB‡i _vKv AiY¨evmx Avw`evmxi m¤ú~Y© c„_K Aw¯ÍZ¡, †`‡evcvmbv, Zv‡`i †Uv‡Ug I U¨vey, wek¦vm-cÖ_v-e¨envi, Pv›`ªermi MYbv, gvZ…Kv Avivabv, GKB f‚L‡Ð c„_K a¨vbaviYvi RMr‡K †R‡b gnv‡k¦Zv gy» n‡qwQ‡jb Aóg kZ‡Ki gvZ…kw³i kv¯¿xq c~Rvi Avmb cvIqvi NUbvq| Z‡e Zv ga¨hy‡Mi Kve¨ Z_v g½jKv‡e¨i weeiYg~jK ˆewk‡ó¨i Øviv Avweó n‡q AšÍ¨R †kÖwY I G‡`kxq eY©kvwmZ mgv‡Ri †jvKgvby‡li Kvwnwb wZwb wjL‡jb| G-cÖm‡½ †jL‡Ki e³e¨ Ñ BwZnv‡mi mgq I mgvR cybwb©wg©wZ‡Z Avwg mnR I ¯^”Q›` †eva Kwi| evsjvi BwZnv‡mi wewfbœ mgq wb‡q KZB †Zv wjLjvg| Ph©vc‡`i Kvj wb‡q wjwLwb, wKš‘ Aóg kZK †_‡K Ebwesk kZ‡Ki mgvR I gvbyl‡K wb‡q A‡bK Mí, wKQy Dcb¨vm †Zv wjLjvg| †jvKe„‡ËB Avgvi 39 AvMÖn g~jZ †Kw›`ªZ _v‡K| G-K_v wVK †h, wZwb GB Dcb¨v‡m †jvKe„ˇK fvjg‡ZvB Dc¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb| wg_ Avi †jŠwKKZvi mgš^‡q Zuvi PwiÎ wbwg©Z| Dcb¨v‡m ivp evsjvi wg‡_i Dcw¯’wZi ¯^Zš¿Zvq c~‡e© DwjøwLZ Dcb¨v‡m e¨eüZ wg‡_i D`vni‡Yi Av‡jv‡K evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ gnv‡k¦Zv †`exi wg‡_i e¨env‡i wewkóZv wPwýZ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| U¨vey n‡”Q GKai‡bi A‡jŠwKK wb‡lavÁv, hv j•Nb Ki‡j kvw¯Í wn‡m‡e g„Zz¨`Ð ev †KŠg Rxeb †_‡K wbe©©vmb †`Iqv n‡Zv| †Uv‡Ug Avi U¨vey A‡bK mgq GKm‡½ RwoZ _v‡K| DËi Av‡gwiKvi Avw`evmx‡`i †Uv‡Ug n‡”Q †bK‡o| Pzqvo‡`i †Uv‡Ug GK A‡_© mvc I nvwZ| GQvov g½jKv‡e¨ IB A‡ji Av‡iv agx©q †`e-†`exi ˆewPΨ Dc¯’vc‡bi mÜvb †g‡j| †hgb gbmvi wg_, GKj‡e¨i wg_‡K gnv‡k¦Zv e¨envi K‡i‡Qb GB Dcb¨v‡m| GB `ywU wg_B †cŠivwYK wg_| myaxiP›`ª miKvi-msKwjZ †cŠivwYK Awfav‡b Gi mÜvb †g‡j| †hgb Ñ

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ÔGKje¨ cÖdzjøgy‡L AKvZ‡i D³ A½yjx (`w¶Y n‡¯Íi e„×v½yjx) †Q`b K‡i †`ªvY‡K Dcnvi †`b|... ARy©b Zuvi e¨w³MZ ¯^v‡_©i Rb¨ Ges †`ªvYvPvh© Avh©-†kÖô‡Z¡i Av`k© A¶zYœ ivLvi Rb¨ Abvh© 40 GKj‡e¨i cÖwZfvi webvkmvab K‡iwQ‡jb|Õ Dcb¨v‡m DwjøwLZ Pzqvo‡`i ivRv‡K GL‡bv `w¶Y n‡¯Íi e„×v½yjx †Q`b Ki‡Z nq| AiY¨evmx Avw`evmxi m¤ú~Y© c„_K Aw¯ÍZ¡, †`‡evcvmbv, Zv‡`i †Uv‡Ug I U¨vey, wek¦vm-cÖ_ve¨envi, Pv›`ªermi MYbv, gvZ…Kv Avivabv, GKB f~L‡Ð c„_K a¨vb-aviYvi RMr‡K †R‡b gnv‡k¦Zv Dcb¨v‡m h_v_© e¨envi K‡i‡Qb| Avgiv †¶Î¸‡ßi †jvKm„wói b›`bZË¡ eBwU‡Z †`L‡Z cvB, wZwb †jŠwKK-A‡jŠwKK A‡_© cÖvPxb wg_ Avi †jvKm„wói mgš^‡qi K_v e‡jb Ñ ‍‍‍‍‍†jvKm„wói AvkÖq †h welq¸wj Zvi g‡a¨ cÖvPxb wg_, ms¯‹…Z cyivYMZ HwZn¨, †jŠwKK cyivY A_©vr g½jKve¨ we‡kl ¯’vb K‡i wb‡q‡Q| †jvKDrm †hgb ga¨hy‡Mi wkó mvwnZ¨-wkí‡K cyó K‡i‡Q, †Zgwb wjwLZ †mB mvwnZ¨ †_‡K †jvKm„wó MÖnYI K‡i‡Q cÖPzi|... wewfbœ eªZ I Ab¨vb¨ mvgvwRK AvPv‡ii m‡½ Rwo‡q †jvKm„wói wewPÎ iƒc Avgiv j¶¨ K‡iwQ| †m¸wj cÖvPxb cÖ_v, Rv`y, †Uv‡Ug, 41 wek¦vm cÖf„wZi Ae‡kl| AZGe †mB ga¨hy‡Mi †cÖ¶vc‡U †Uv‡Ug Avi U¨veyi gva¨‡g iwPZ gnv‡k¦Zv †`exi Dcb¨vmwUi cÖavb PwiÎ Kwe e›`¨NUx MvwT, hvi Ab¨ cwiPq Kj&nY| GQvov †ek wKQy ¸iæZ¡c~Y© PwiÎ Avgiv Dcb¨vmwU‡Z †`L‡Z cvB, Giv n‡jv Ñ †MvjKïuwo, ivRv MM©ejøf, gš¿x myab¨ `Ë Ii‡d nwik ivqv, mfvcwÐZ gvaevPvh© I dzjøiv| GQvov †ekwKQy AcÖavb n‡jI ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Pwi‡Îi g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg gvaevPv‡h©i DccZœx ¸Yv, Afqvg½jL¨vZ myjfv PwiÎwU cÖK…wZ †`ex Avi †cÖwgKv dzjøivi Qvqvq wbwg©Z n‡q †ek ˆewPΨgwÐZ| GQvov Dcb¨v‡m fxgv`jevmx bv‡g mvgwMÖK mvgvwRK Pwi‡Î¨i mie Dcw¯’wZ i‡q‡Q| gnv‡k¦Zv Kwe e›`¨NUx MvwT Rxeb I g„Zz¨ Dcb¨v‡m wg_ Ges †jŠwKKZvi DcvL¨vb Zz‡j Av‡bb Pwi‡Îi †fZi w`‡q msjv‡ci gva¨‡g, M‡íi Q‡j| d‡j Zv wfbœgvÎvq †jvKvPv‡ii AveZ©‡b wbwg©Z n‡Z †`Lv hvq, hv cÖK…Z A‡_© †jvKe„‡Ëi K_v| †hLv‡b Dcb¨v‡m mvaviY gvby‡li gy‡LB †j‡M _v‡K iwmKZvi ¯^i, Dcb¨vm †_‡K D`vniY †`Iqv †h‡Z cv‡i Ñ Ôhviv eq‡m ZiæY I ¯^fv‡e bKzj, Zviv †PuwP‡q ej‡Q, Ôgvwm gvRv †nwjI bv M, †g‡mv jvB, we_v nÕ‡j 42 †K gvwjm K‡e¨?Õ ïiæ †_‡K †kl ch©šÍ Avgiv hvi M‡íi gva¨‡g †ivgvÂKi AvL¨v‡b Wz‡e hvB, †m n‡”Q †MvjKïuwo| †m Zvi ïuwoLvbvq †h-gnv`y‡h©v‡Mi NbNUvq g`¨c bMievmx‡K GKk Pvi ermi Av‡Mi K_v ej‡Z _v‡Kb, Zv †jŠwKKZv Avi wg‡_i cÖvPzh©Zvq ewY©Z n‡q I‡V, †mBm‡½ Avgiv fxgv`j iv‡R¨i GKwU A_©‰bwZK †cÖ¶vc‡UiI Qwe †c‡q hvB| evwYR¨bMix fxgv`‡j ïuwoLvbvi e¨emv Ges ewbZv‡`i Dcw¯’wZ A_©‰bwZK mg„w×i Bw½Z enb K‡i| †hLv‡b †Mvj‡Ki †Q‡j eviewbZvi N‡ii AvwObvq cÖYq cÖwZØ›Øxi nv‡Z cÖvY nvivq| mvgvwRK e¨e¯’vcbv †ek wek„•LwjZ| †MvjKïuwo wb‡RI gvZ½x wb‡q evm K‡ib| Zvi e¨emvi cÖmv‡ii Rb¨ eviewbZv‡K e¨envi K‡i mg„w× evovb| g` LvB‡q e¨emvqx‡`i †Mu‡Ri Kwo †ei K‡i †Mvj‡Ki wcZvgn A‡bK ab mÂq K‡iwQj| hvi Ae¯’vi m‡½-m‡½ fxgv`‡ji bMixi kÖxe„w× †c‡qwQj, †mB wcZvg‡ni wk¶vq cÖwkw¶Z wQj †MvjK| †Mvj‡Ki Pwi‡Îi wKQy w`K m¤ú‡K© D‡jøL¨ Ñ ‍B‡”Q K‡i Zv‡`i GLv‡b wb‡q Av‡m, g` LvB‡q week

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fvlvq Zuvi GB Ae¯’vbwU‡K †hfv‡e Zz‡j aiv nq Zv we‡klfv‡e D‡jøL¨ Ñ Ô`ywf©‡¶i KzKzi †hgb giv †L‡q †gvUv nq, gvaeI †Zgwb ¶gZv-cÖwZcwËi gv`K cvb K‡i ùxZ 46 n‡Z _vK‡jb|Õ cvcx‡K kvw¯Í w`‡Z wZwb ivRv I nwik ivqvi †P‡qI Zrci wQ‡jb| †m-cÖ‡qvR‡b wb‡Ri †g‡qi nZ¨vKvixI n‡Z cv‡ib| gnv‡k¦Zv Dcb¨v‡mi PwiÎ-ci¤úivq †h-†cÖÿvcU wbg©vY K‡ib, Zv NUbvi NbNUvq cwic~Y© nq Pwi·`i gva¨‡g| Avi †mB we¯Í…wZgq AvL¨v‡bi eyK Ry‡o wg_ Avi †jvKK_vi eyb‡b G‡Kev‡iB wfbœZi AvL¨vb n‡q I‡V| Dcb¨v‡mi bvqK Z_v Dcb¨v‡m hv‡K wb‡q NUbvi mg¯Í we¯Ívi, †mB Kwe e›`¨NUxi PwiÎwU bvbvfv‡e dzwU‡q †Zv‡jb gnv‡k¦Zv †`ex| evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ Kwei AvL¨vb wb‡q A‡bK Dcb¨vm iwPZ n‡q‡Q| G¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Zvivk¼i e‡›`¨vcva¨v‡qi Kwe (1944), nygvq~b Avn‡g‡`i Kwe (1996) Ges ûgvqyb AvRv‡`i Kwe wKsev `wÐZ Acyiæl (1999)| Kwe Dcb¨vm iPbv cÖm‡½ ûgvqyb AvRv` e‡jb, Ôevsjv mvwn‡Z¨ cÖK…Z Kwe‡`i wb‡q Dcb¨vm ïay AvwgB wj‡LwQ, Ab¨iv wj‡L‡Q Kweqvj‡K wb‡q|Õ Dcb¨v‡m Kwe cÖm‡½ we¯ÍvwiZ Ges Zzjbvg~jK Av‡jvPbv cieZx©Kv‡j wek`fv‡e Kivi Av‡Q, Zv nqZ GB Dcb¨vm Av‡jvPbvq m¤¢e bq| Z‡e ûgvqyb AvRv‡`i GB e³‡e¨i LvwbKUv mwZ¨ e‡j D‡jøL Kiv hvq| †hgb Zvivk¼‡ii Kwe wbZvB PiY Ges gnv‡k¦Zvi Kwe e›`¨NUx MvwT `yRb‡KB Kweqvj ej‡j fzj n‡e bv| Ab¨w`‡K nygvq~b Avn‡g‡`i Kwei Kwe-¯^xK…wZ JcbvwmK wb‡RB cÖwZwôZ K‡ibwb| Z‡e nygvq~b Avn‡g‡`i ÔKweÕ I ûgvqyb AvRv‡`i ÔKweÕ `yRbB BwZnvm †_‡K DrmvwiZ bq, eZ©gvb mg‡qi Kwei Qvqv Zv‡`i g‡a¨ cÖKU| Giv ga¨weË Rb‡Mvôxi gvbyl Ges kû‡i| Ab¨w`‡K Avgiv AšÍ¨R †kÖwYi Kwe nIqvi Kvwnwb †`L‡Z cvB Zvivk¼‡ii Kwe Dcb¨v‡m| †mwjbv †nv‡m‡bi bxj gq~‡ii †hŠeb Dcb¨v‡m Ph©vMxwZKvi Kwe‡`i Zz‡j Avb‡Z †`Lv hvq| Aóg †_‡K `kg kZvãxi g‡a¨ Ph©vMxwZKvi cUf‚wg‡Z wbwg©Z bxj gq~‡ii †hŠeb Dcb¨v‡m AšÍ¨R †kÖwYi Kwe Kvýycv` ¯^cœ †`LZ ¯^vaxb f‚L‡Ði, †hLv‡b eªvþY‡`i cÖej wbcxob _vK‡e bv, Zvi gy‡Li fvlv n‡e ivR`iev‡ii fvlv| †m AZ¨vPv‡ii weiæ‡× cÖwZev`x nq, d‡j Zvi `ynvZ †K‡U †bIqv nq| †cÖwgKv †Wvw¤^‡K duvwm‡Z Szwj‡q ivLv nq| Zv‡`i cwjø‡Z Av¸b jvMv‡bv nq| mevB cvnv‡oi cv`‡`‡k cvwj‡q hvq| †hLv‡b Dcb¨v‡mi †k‡l †mwjbv †nv‡mb Kwe Kvýycv‡`i ¯^cœ‡K Zz‡j a‡ib wbgœiƒ‡c Ñ

Kvýycv` `g wb‡q Avevi e‡j, GKUv †QvÆ f‚LÐ Avgv‡`i `iKvi| †m-f‚LÐUzKz meyR, k¨vgj Avi cwjgvwU fiv n‡jB nq| †m-f‚L‡Ði `w¶‡Y _vK‡e GKUv my›`i weivU eb Avi Zvi cvk w`‡q e‡q hv‡e mvMi| Kvýycv` _vg‡ZB †`kvL †PuwP‡q I‡V, Avn& Kvby`v †Kgb K‡i †h g‡bi K_v e‡jv| Zzwg bv _vK‡j Avgiv ¯^cœ †`L‡ZB cvwi bv| ZLywb Pvgov-†cvov MÜUv evZv‡mi cÖej SvcUvq I‡`i mevi bv‡Kgy‡L MjMwj‡q †Xv‡K| †mMÜ cÖvYf‡i ey‡K †U‡b †nv †nv K‡i †n‡m I‡V fzmyK, Kvwýjv †i AvwR 47 fzmyK e½vjx fBjx| †mwjbv †nv‡m‡bi Kwe Ges gnv‡k¦Zvi Kwe `yB Kwe-PwiÎ m„wói †ÿ‡Î g½jKve¨ I †cŠivwYK Kvwnwbi e¨envi †`L‡Z cvIqv hvq| Ab¨w`‡K Zvivk¼‡ii Kwe Dcb¨v‡m Kwe wbZvBPiY †Wvg †kÖwY †_‡K D‡V G‡m Kweqvj nIqvi ¯^cœ †`‡L Ges NUbvP‡µ †m Kwe I Kweqvj n‡q hvq| wbZvB‡qi eskMZ †Pvi-WvKv‡Zi †ckv‡K †m MÖnY K‡i bv, d‡j Zv‡K Zvi mgvR †Q‡o Avm‡Z nq| Kwe wbZvB PviY Kwe n‡q-IVvi m‡½-m‡½ †cÖwgKI n‡q hvq| Zuvi cÖ_g †cÖg VvKziwS †h Zvi KweZvi cO&w³i Drm`vÎxI e‡U, wKš‘ VvKziwS A‡b¨i eD weavq wbZvB Zv‡K Kv‡Q Uvb‡Z cv‡i bv| wei‡ni mgq †m hy³ nq Szgyi `‡ji m‡½| †mLv‡b emšÍ bv‡gi ewbZvi m‡½ Zuvi †cÖg nq| †mBm‡½ evo‡Z _v‡K KweL¨vwZ| wKš‘ wbZvBPiY Kwe n‡qI †cÖ‡gi Kv‡Q civwRZ GK cyiæl n‡q †`Lv †`q| Kwe Dcb¨v‡mi †k‡l ZvB Kwe wbZvBPi‡Yi K‡É Avgiv ïb‡Z cvB †mB Mvb Ñ GB †L` Avgvi g‡b Ñ fvj‡e‡m wgUj bv mva, Kzjvj bv G Rxe‡b! nvq Ñ Rxeb GZ †QvU †K‡b?

48 G fye‡b? †mwjbv †nv‡m‡bi bxj gq~‡ii †hŠeb Dcb¨v‡mi KweI eY©vkÖg a‡g©i Øviv wbh©vwZZ, wbR¯^ fvlv i¶v I f‚L‡Ði Rb¨ cÖwZev`x n‡q KiæY cwiYwZ jvf K‡i| Jcb¨vwmK GLv‡b Kwe Kvýycv` I fzmyKzi g‡a¨ KweL¨vwZi †P‡qI †`k-RvwZi cÖwZ Av‡eM †ewk cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb| Kwe AvL¨v‡bi gva¨‡g †mwjbv †nv‡mb evsjv‡`‡ki f‚L‡Ði wPÎ Auv‡Kb, fvlv Avi f‚wgi AwaKv‡ii ¯^‡ii †fZi w`‡q| Ab¨w`‡K Zvivk¼‡ii AšÍ¨R †kÖwYi wbZvBPiY KweL¨vwZ †c‡qI wbR f‚L‡Ð wd‡i Av‡m †cÖ‡gi Uv‡b| Zvi Rxeb‡ev‡a dz‡U I‡V gvby‡li Rxe‡bi ¶Y¯’vwq‡Z¡i

cvcx‡K kvw¯Í w`‡Z wZwb ivRv I nwik ivqvi †P‡qI Zrci wQ‡jb| †m-cÖ‡qvR‡b wb‡Ri †g‡qi nZ¨vKvixI n‡Z cv‡ib| gnv‡k¦Zv Dcb¨v‡mi PwiÎci¤úivq †h-†cÖÿvcU wbg©vY K‡ib, Zv NUbvi NbNUvq cwic~Y© nq Pwi·`i gva¨‡g| 23

Av‡¶c, Z‡e Zv KweL¨vwZ AR©‡bi Rb¨ bq, †cÖwgKv nviv‡bvi †e`bvq| gnv‡k¦Zv Zuvi Kwe‡K Zz‡j Avb‡jb ¯^RvwZ, ¯^f‚wg Z¨vM K‡i Kwe n‡Z G‡m‡Q Ges †m wb‡RB ¯^‡NvwlZfv‡e wØZxq Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| G‡ÿ‡Î Zvivk¼‡ii Kwei m‡½ gnv‡k¦Zvi Kwei wkívKv•ÿvi wgj A‡bK †ewk| Ges GB `yB KweB Kwe nIqvi Aciv‡a ¯^RvwZi Kv‡Q Acivax wn‡m‡e wPwýZ| Zviv D”PvKv•ÿxI e‡U| †mwjbv †nv‡mb, Zvivk¼i I gnv‡k¦Zv Ñ wZb KweB †mB AšÍ¨R †kÖwYi †_‡K Kwe n‡q-IVvi msMÖv‡g e¨vß †_‡K‡Q Ges Zv‡`i KiæY cwiYwZ N‡U| gnv‡k¦Zv †`exi Kwe e›`¨NUxi g‡a¨ ewjô Kɯ^i †hgb dz‡U I‡V, †Zgwb D”P-AvKv•¶vi m‡½ dz‡U I‡V Kwe I †cÖwgK mËv| Ab¨w`‡K Zuvi-iwPZ Kwe AiY¨Pvix G‡Kev‡iB cÖvwšÍK gvbyl| †h e›`¨NUx MvwT GK `y‡h©v‡Mi iv‡Z ¯^cœ`ªó n‡q cvÂvjx iP‡Z nuvU‡Z-nuvU‡Z fxgv`‡j Av‡m| †h-Kwe Rvbvq mi¯^Zxi c~Rv‡Z †Kv‡bv m¤ú` jv‡M bv, ZvB †m `xb`wi`ª Kwe e›`¨NUx MvwT wn‡m‡e wb‡Ri cwiPq †`q| Ges †m Rvbvq, IB bv‡g Zv‡K cvÂvjx iPbv Ki‡Z n‡e| gnv‡k¦Zv †`ex GLv‡b AšÍ¨R Pyqvo hyeK †_‡K G‡Kev‡iB wkíx wbg©v‡Yi j‡¶¨ Zuvi Kwe‡K Dc¯’vcb K‡ib| hvi gv‡S †jLK †mB mgv‡Ri †kÖwY‰elg¨‡K wPwÎZ K‡ib, Dcb¨v‡mi Kwei fvlvq msjv‡c Zv dz‡U I‡V Ñ ÔhyeK e‡jwQj ÔRb¥Kv‡j m‡fi gZ AvwgI i‡³i `jv gvÎ wQjvg| †m Ae¯’vq bvg Av‡m bv| bvg Av‡m c‡i| Ck¦i gvbyl wmR©vq, gvbyl bvg wmR©vq| bvg e‡¯¿i gZ, AvfiY Aj¼v‡ii gZ †n, A‡½ Zzj‡j Z‡e I‡V| Aag G bvg †m fv‡e wb‡q‡Q, 49 gnvRb †n, Aeavb Ki|Õ ivRv Zv‡K ivRKwe e‡j gvbm¤§vb †`‡eb| KZ f‚wg, KZ †mvbv, KZ MvBej`, Kwei me©v‡½ †mvbvi Mnbv| myLmg„w×i Avkv GgbB KznwKbx n‡q Kwei A‡½ bvPb Zzj‡jI gnv‡k¦Zv Zuvi †fZ‡ii Kwei An¼viI mgfv‡e Zz‡j a‡ib| ZvB †Zv Kwei †cÖwgKvi gy‡L †kvbv K_v Ñ ÔwjL‡eb wZwb, ARmª cyuw_ wjL‡eb! `vgyb¨vi gyKz›`iv‡gi Kx Avi ¶gZv! K…ò`vm Kweiv‡Ri Kx ev L¨vwZ! PÐx`vm †cÖ‡gi K_v Kx wjL‡Z cv‡i| Kwe e›`¨NUx MvwT Zv‡`i †P‡q, Zv‡`i mK‡ji †P‡q 50 e‡ov n‡eb|Õ Kwe hLb Zvi ¯^‡cœ KvQvKvwQ KznKv”Qbœ ZLbB N‡U webv †g‡N eRªvNvZ| GK`j AiY¨evmx, AšÍ¨R Pzqvo mfvq G‡m Kwe‡K wb‡R‡`i †jvK e‡j `vwe K‡i| Pzqvo‡`i ivRv gviv †M‡Q, Kwei Avmj bvg n‡”Q Kjnb| †m Pzqvo‡`i †kÖô cyiæl, Zviv Zv‡K ivRv evbv‡Z wdwi‡q wb‡Z G‡m‡Q| Ab¨w`‡K fxgv`j iv‡R¨ ïiæ nq Kwei GB AvZ¥cwiPq †Mvcb K‡i KweL¨vwZ cvIqvi wel‡q †Zvjcvo| k~`ª n‡q Kjg nv‡Z †bIqvi Rb¨ Kwei g„Zz¨`Ð w¯’i nq| Gw`‡K ivRv bv n‡j Pzqvoiv Kwe‡K nvwZi cv‡qi Zjvq wcó K‡i gvi‡Z Pvq; Ab¨w`‡K wg_¨v eªvþY nIqvq Rb¨ ivR`iev‡i duvwmi Av‡`k| Zvivk¼‡ii Kwe Dcb¨v‡m Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB †hw`b wbZvBPiY cÖ_g Kweqvj n‡q I‡V, †mw`bI wbZvB‡qi †Wvgcvovi †fZi w`‡q hvIqvi mgq wb‡Ri N‡ii w`‡K ZvwK‡q hLb Av¯Ívbvi D‡Ï‡k cv evwo‡qwQj, ¯^RvwZi †µv‡ai gy‡L co‡Z nq Zv‡K| †mLvbKvi eZ©gvb KzjvwacwZ wbZvB‡qi gvgv †h ˆbkvwfhv‡bi `jcwZ, †m AZwK©‡Z G‡m wbZvB‡qi UuzwU †P‡c a‡iwQj| welqwU D‡jøL¨ Ñ †Zvi evev‡K `v`v‡K Mvj LvIqvwj, LvIqvwj Ñ Avgvi evev‡K `v`v‡K Mvj-LvIqvwj K¨v‡b Avm‡ii g‡a¨Lv‡b? ï‡qv‡ii ev”Pv ïqvi!... wKš‘ †m KweMvb Kwi‡jI gvgviB fvwM‡bq, IB eskiB mšÍvb| †`‡n kw³ ZvnviI Kg bq| Zvi Ici cÖ_g †Rvqvb eqm| †m `yB nvZ w`qv gvgvi nvZ

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Lvbv Uvwbqv awij| cigyn~‡Z© ivRb AvMvBqv Avwmj Ñ †Qv‡ov Ñ! Avgvi nZ¨v Kwievi msKí wQj bv| B”Qv wQj kvm‡bi| ZvB wbZvB‡qi Mjv Qvwoqv w`qv K_v ewjj Ñ hvt! Avi G-cvovi c_ gvovwe bv| gnv‡`e Kweqvj IB GKUv K_v wVK e‡j‡Q| Auv¯ÍvKz‡oi Au‡Uv (Gu‡Uv) cvZvi ¯^M‡M hvevi Avkv †Mv! Ñ ewjqv †m †hgb AZwK©‡Z 51 AvwmqvwQj, †ZgwbB PwK‡Z Qvwoqv w`qv Pwjqv †Mj| wKš‘ gnv‡k¦Zvi Kwe e›`¨NUx eY©vwkÖZ ag© kvm‡bi Øviv cwi‡ewóZ mgv‡R wb‡R‡K Kwe wn‡m‡e cÖwZôv K‡i‡Q| Zvi cwiYwZ fqsKi nIqviB K_v| KviY ivRvi g‡b fq, mfvm‡`i g‡b fq GB †h, AšÍ¨R †kÖwY ZLb Avi eªvþY‡`i gvb‡e bv, wb‡R‡`i Aw¯Í‡Z¡i f‡qi Kvi‡YI Zviv Kwe‡K kvw¯Í w`‡Z D‡`¨vMx n‡q I‡Vb| Jcb¨vwmK †hfv‡e welqwU Dc¯’vcb nq Ñ ÔBZi †RZ gv_vq Po‡e, AagRvZ †evj‡e Avgv‡`i mgv‡Ri gvbyl hw` cuyw_ cvÂvjx wj‡L Zvn‡j Avgv‡`i †P‡q †Zvgiv eo wK‡m? B †_‡K me©bvk n‡e nwik ivqv, cÖRv Z¨vLb ivRv PvB‡e| wZIi †KIU †eemv Ki‡Z hv‡e, nvoxgywP cvÂvjx wjL‡Z hv‡e, mgv‡Ri †m 52 gnvme©bvk n‡e †n!Õ GBme Awf‡hvM Avi AwePv‡ii weiæ‡× gnv‡k¦Zv `uvo Kivb Zuvi bvqK‡K| Kwe e›`¨NUxi wØZxq Rb¥‡K Jcb¨vwmK gvby‡li gvbweKZv Ges †kÖwYKi‡Yi weiæ‡× D”PvwiZ K‡i †Zv‡jb| Pzqvo mgvR †_‡K Kwe e›`¨NUx MvwT nIqvi R‡b¨ Zuv‡K A‡bK c_ nuvU‡Z n‡q‡Q| †MvôxcwZi fvB‡cv Kjnb‡K KZ ew¼g, wcQj c_ †nu‡U Avm‡Z n‡q‡Q| ewÎk bvwoi euvab Lyj‡Z KZ Kó Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q, Zv‡K †KD Rv‡b bv| Gme Kó †cwi‡qB †m Kwe e›`¨NUx MvwT n‡qwQj; wKš‘ Zvi †m-hy‡×i †kl nq bv| Ggb Kwe‡`i hy×, ew¼g c_ †mwjbv †nv‡mb bxj gq~‡ii †hŠeb Dcb¨v‡m †`wL‡qwQ‡jb, Kvýycv` Avi fymyKzi gv‡S| Ô¯^RvwZi Pvgov-†cvov MÜ cÖvYf‡i ey‡K †U‡b †nv †nv K‡i †n‡m I‡V 53 fymyK, Kvwýjv GI AvwR fymyKz ev½vjx fBjx|Õ GgbwK wLªóxq †lvok kZvãx‡Z wjwLZ gyKz›`ivg PµeZx©i PÐxg½j Kv‡e¨ e¨va Kvj‡KZz wb‡Ri m¤^‡Ü GB cÖKvi cwiPq w`‡qwQj Ñ AwZ bxP Kz‡j Rb¥ RvwZ‡Z †Pvqvo| 54 †Kn bv cik K‡i †jv‡K e‡j ivp| wKš‘ gnv‡k¦Zvi Kwe e›`¨NUx ¯^RvwZ‡K Z¨vM K‡i, bZzb Rb¥ †bq| ZvB ivR`iev‡ii GKRb Kwei AvZ¥c¶ we‡kølY n‡q I‡V Gfv‡eB Ñ nu¨v, GKw`b Avwg I‡`i Kj&nb wQjvg| fze‡b Avgvi ¯’vb LuyR‡Z hvB †ev‡j P‡j G‡mwQjvg| wKš‘ Avwg gvby‡li mgv‡R †Kvb †`v‡l †`vlx njvg †mBwU †evj gnvivR|... †Zvgiv hZ ïav‡j bvg †evj, avg †evj, wcwËcyiæ‡li cwiPq †evj, Avwg †evwj bvB G bv‡g Avgv‡K Afqv cvÂvjx iP‡Z n‡e, Zv we‡b Avgvi gyw³ bvB?... wg_¨v Avwg †evwj bvB †n ivRv| Avwg Rb¥m~‡Î eªvþY bB †ev‡j †`ex wg_¨v? ¯^cœv‡`k wg_¨v? Avgvi Afqvg½j wg_¨v?...

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GB g‡bvfw½ Ae©vPxb bq| †h-mgv‡R ¯^vgx‡`i DccZœx ivLvi e¨e¯’v Av‡Q, †mB mgv‡R bvixiv ¯^vgx‡K N‡i ivL‡Z Zš¿g‡š¿i AvkÖq †bq| gvaevPv‡h©i g‡Zv ¶gZvai †jv‡Ki ¯¿x‡K DccZœx ¸Yv‡K fq †c‡Z †`Lv hvq, Avevi †mB dzjøivi gv‡K ej‡Z †kvbv hvq Ñ †Q‡jiv †ev‡j gv! `yó Miæ Avi `yó eD GKB K_v| Zvwo‡q bv w`‡j kvwšÍ bvB| Avwg ejjvg evev mKj! Iwk Qvo‡Z †`‡LQ, Gevi iwk Uvb‡Z `vI| Zv‡ZI hw` bv ïaivq Z‡e Svo– †g‡i we‡`q Ki¨ evc mKj|... Pzj bv ev܇j gviZvg, †Q‡j Kuv`v‡j gviZvg, evm‡b Rj _vK‡j gviZvg! †g‡i †g‡i e¾v‡Zi RvZ‡K gy‡Vvq G‡bwQ †evb! GLb †`L †h‡q¨? iv‡Ü, †Q‡j †`‡L, avb fv‡b, Ni wb‡Kvq, ewo †`q, Nuy‡U †Mvei K‡i... Avgvi N‡i †evb! wZb wZbUv †gq¨v! we‡q¨ Kwi‡qwQ, RvgvB †bq bv| Zviv Avgvi Mjv‡ZB _v‡K! wKš‘ N‡ii KzUv Zv‡`i cv w`‡q 59 jvo‡Z w`B bv †evb| eD _vK‡Z wS LvU‡e †Kbx †evj? †hB mgv‡R bvixivB bvix‡`i wbh©vZb K‡i, mgvR bvixi Rxeb‡K †h-MwÐi g‡a¨ Ave× K‡i Zv mvgvwRK Rxe‡bi A½ n‡q hvq| †mB mgv‡R ¸Yv eywoi Ae¯’vb †_‡K Kwei c‡¶ hvIqv m¤¢e bq| mgvRcwZ ev mgv‡Ri gv_v †Zv †mB cyiælB, bvix‡K ¯^RvwZ mnvbyfeZvi evB‡i ivL‡Z cvi‡j †mB cyiæ‡liB Rq wbwðZ nq| Avi †mB Ave„‡ËB Dcb¨v‡m g~jZ ms¯‹v‡ii Rq nq ejv hvq| gnv‡k¦Zv †`ex Kwe e›`¨NUx‡K ivRKwe Ges eªvþY K‡i Zzj‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb| wZwb ga¨hy‡Mi Kv‡e¨i Øviv cÖfvweZ n‡q KwemËvi ¯^iƒc Zz‡j ai‡Z †P‡q‡Qb| ga¨hy‡Mi PÐxg½‡ji GK Kvwnwb‡Z †`ex e¨va Kvj‡KZz‡K ivRwmsnvmb w`‡q‡Qb| Jcb¨vwm‡Ki wPšÍvi †LvivK †h g½jKve¨ †_‡K G‡m‡Q, Zv c~‡e©B DwjøwLZ| Avgiv KvwnwbwP‡ÎI hvi Qvqv Lyu‡R G-ch©šÍ G‡mwQ| ga¨hy‡Mi Kv‡e¨i cÖfv‡e bvix-cyiæ‡li †cÖ‡gi ˆewPΨ wP·Y gnv‡k¦Zv †`ex Zrci nb GB Dcb¨vmwU‡Z| Kwe dzjøiv‡K wPšÍv K‡i Afqvg½‡j myjfv PwiÎ wbg©vY K‡ib| myjfv‡K ˆZwi K‡i‡Qb dzjøivi Qvqvq| gvbmKb¨v Avi †cÖwgKv GKvKvi n‡q hvq Kwe e›`¨NUx MvwTi Kv‡Q| Zvivk¼i e‡›`¨vcva¨vq Zuvi Kwe MÖ‡š’ Kwe wbZvBPiY‡K VvKziwSi Qvqvq c` iPbv Kwi‡q‡Qb| Kwe‡`i †cÖg Avi m„wói m‡½ †hb GK A`„k¨ †mZz Dcb¨v‡m evievi wd‡i Av‡m| †hgb fxlY `yt¯^cœ †`‡L Kwe e›`¨NUx dzjøivi Kv‡Q Qy‡U hvb, †Zgwb bxj gq~‡ii †hŠeb Dcb¨v‡m Kvýycv` ivR`ievi †_‡K AcgvwbZ n‡q Qy‡U hvb †cÖwgKv †Wvw¤^i Kv‡Q| wbZvBPiY Qy‡U hvb VvKziwSi Kv‡Q, em‡šÍi Kv‡Q| GLv‡b Jcb¨vwmK‡K Kwei †PvL‡K wkwíZ K‡i †cÖwgKvi iƒc eY©bv ev †cÖ‡gi Db¥ËZv wPwÎZ Ki‡Z †`Lv hvq| gnv‡k¦Zv †`ex †hfv‡e wkwíZ K‡i Kwei †Pv‡L dzjøivi PwiÎ Dc¯’vcb K‡ib Ñ †`qv‡ji Mv‡q †njvb w`‡q dzjøiv †`egw›`‡i B‡Ui Mv‡q †Lvw`Z †Kv‡bv wKbœix-g~wZ©i g‡Zv `uvwo‡qwQj| Zvi cv‡q wZbjniv b~cyi, ci‡bi kvwo Mvp jvj, i‡³i g‡Zv, †hb Kvgbvi cÖùzU Kzmyg, †h Kzmyg emšÍ mgvM‡g wbj©¾ cÖmva‡bi ågi‡`i AvnŸvb K‡i| Zvi Mv‡q KuvPzwj, ci‡b iZœvj¼vi| cÖevj, gy³v I giKZgwYi AwZ wewPÎ Aj¼vi, Zvi Dci GKQov Revdz‡ji gvjv| cÖwZwU Aj¼v‡ii ga¨gwY‡Z GK mKzÐjx bvM-LwPZ| dzjøiv‡K †`‡L Kwei

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g‡b nj †gvnbx‡e‡k ¯^qs gbmv G-iv‡Î gvaevPv‡h©i N‡i Dcw¯’Z, †hb †Kv‡bv mva‡Ki a¨v‡b Zzó n‡q ei`v‡bi 60 B”Qvq `uvwo‡q| GLv‡b †jLK Zuvi Kwei †PvL‡K wkwíZ Ki‡Z wM‡q AvL¨vb †_‡K m‡i hvbwb, eis †cÖ¶vcU‡K Av‡iv ¯úó K‡i †Zv‡jb Dcgv e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g| dzjøivi iƒ‡ci eY©bvq wKbœix-g~wZ© I gbmvi m‡½ Zzjbxq K‡i gnv‡k¦Zv ZrKvjxb †`e-†`exi wek¦v‡mi ev¯ÍeZv Zz‡j Av‡bb, †Zgwb Kwei ˆewk‡ó¨ wewkó n‡q †`Lv †`q Kwe e›`¨NUxi gvbmRMr| †hgb Ñ Avgiv Kwe myKvšÍ fÆvPv‡h©i (1926-47) K‡É Puv`‡K Kve¨ n‡q DV‡Z †`wL Sjmv‡bv iæwU n‡q, †mB Kwei Kwe‡Z¡ Kwe e›`¨NUxi gv‡SI dzjøivi iƒ‡ci eY©bvq web¨¯Í n‡q I‡V| wKš‘ gnv‡k¦Zv †`exi dzjøiv †kl ch©šÍ Kwe e›`¨NUxi gvbmKb¨v myjfv n‡q DV‡Z cv‡i bv| G-cÖm‡½ my‡`òv PµeZx©i cÖeÜ †_‡K we‡klfv‡e D‡jøL¨ Ñ †lvok kZvãxi evsjv Kve¨RM‡Z wfbœ eM© I e‡Y©i bvix- cyiæ‡li g‡a¨ †cÖg, Aby‡jvg ev cÖwZ‡jvg wgjb weij wQj bv| ˆeòe c`vejxi iPwqZv PÐx`vm I Zuvi m¤^‡Ü bvbv wKse`wšÍi cÖm½ Dcb¨v‡m GKvwaKevi †`Lv w`‡q‡Q| ivRwKbx ivgxi m‡½ Kwei †cÖg, Kwei g„Zz¨`Ð| Gw`K †_‡K wZwb e›`¨NUxi m‡½ Zzjbxq| ˆggbwms MxwZKvq †`wL, Rwg`v‡ii †Q‡j b‡`i Puv` Avi †e‡`bx gûqv, ivRcyÎ Avi †avcvi †g‡q KvÂbgvjv, (iRwKbx ivgxi gZ) Rwg`vicyÎ k¨vg ivq Avi †Wvgbx, ivRKb¨v iƒcgZx Avi ivRevwoi GK f„Z¨, Avi GK ivRKb¨v Avi Auvav euay, AÜ MvqK| Gme Kvwnwbi cwiYwZ gg©vwšÍK, 61 wKš‘ †cÖ‡gi gh©v`v ¶zYœ nqwb| Kve¨ Avi ev¯ÍeNwbô n‡q IVv Dcb¨v‡mi cv_©K¨ †hb GUv| dzjøiv †kl ch©šÍ myjfv n‡q Kwe‡K mvov w`‡Z cv‡iwb| hw`I †m Kwe‡K mwZ¨ fv‡jv‡e‡mwQj, †ivgvw›UK ¯^‡cœ Av”Qbœ n‡qwQj| GgbwK Kwei wePviKvh© Pjvi mgqI †m †Mvc‡b nwik ivqvi m‡½ †`Lv K‡i‡Q Kwei gyw³i Rb¨| wKš‘ Avqiwb n‡jI mwZ¨ †h, †kl ch©šÍ Kwe hLb cvwj‡q dzjøivi Kv‡Q Qy‡U G‡jv ZLb †cÖ‡gi †P‡q eªvþYKb¨vi ms¯‹vi eo n‡q I‡V| wb`viæY wbôzi fw½‡Z, K‡Vvi fvlvq wZwb Kwe‡K cÖZ¨vL¨vb Ki‡jb, Ô†RZ 62 fuvwo‡q G‡mwQwj, Pzqvo|Õ fqsKi †mB D”Pvi‡Y †cÖ‡gi †P‡q ms¯‹vi Rqx n‡q hvq| wKš‘ GLv‡bB dzjøivi meUzKz ¯^iƒc D‡b¥vPb K‡ib bv gnv‡k¦Zv †`ex| ci¶‡YB dzjøiv, Ôgv †Muv wK ejjvg, e‡j †g‡S‡Z g~Q©v 63 hvq|Õ Zvi gv‡b AbyZß GK ¯^i Jcb¨vwmK dzwU‡q †Zv‡jb| G‡¶‡Î Avgv‡`i iex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii (1861-1941) weL¨vZ †QvUMí Ôiweev‡iÕi (Avwk¦b, 1343) K_v Zzjbxq n‡q I‡V| Ôiweev‡iÕi AfxK Avi wefvi †cÖ‡gi †fZ‡ii cÖavb †`qvjwUB wQj GB ms¯‹vi| AfxK bvw¯ÍK, wKš‘ AfxK we‡jZ hvIqvi Av‡M †h-wPwV w`‡q hvq wefv‡K, Zv cvV K‡i wefvi g‡bI Ggb AbyZß fv‡ei cÖKvk NwU‡qwQ‡jb iex›`ªbv_| Bw½Z wQj AfxK wd‡i G‡j Zv‡K †g‡b †bIqvi| wKš‘ gnv‡k¦Zvi Dcb¨v‡m GB ms¯‹viv”Qbœ K_vwU nv‡Zi Zx‡ii g‡Zv Kwei ey‡K wM‡q jv‡M| hw`I dzjøiv myjfv n‡q DV‡jI Kwei fvM¨ cwieZ©b n‡Zv bv ejv hvq, KviY mgvRe¨e¯’vi Kv‡Q Kwei civRq n‡Zv| Kwe Afqvi R½‡j Qy‡U wM‡qI AvkÖq cvbwb †`ex Afqvi Kv‡Q|

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wKš‘ Zey dzjøiv hw` myjfv n‡q DVZ Z‡e Dcb¨v‡m †cÖ‡gi Rq †`Lv‡bv †hZ, hw`I Zv QvovB GB Kvwnwb fxgv`‡j wKse`wšÍ‡Z iƒc †bq, Kwe Avi dzjøvi †cÖg, hw` GUv mwZ¨ †h Kwe Zvi gvbm †cÖg Avi wkím„ó †cÖ‡gi †`ex Kv‡iv Kv‡QB AvkÖq cvqwb| ZvB nq †Zv †MvjKïuwo AvR †m-AvL¨vb ej‡Z _v‡K, Zv‡Z GB †cÖg †ek ¸iæ‡Z¡i m‡½ Dc¯’vwcZ nq| AcÖvwß kw³ cÖvwßi †P‡q cÖKU, †cÖ‡g G-K_vi Rq mvwn‡Z¨ mvivwe‡k¦B mZ¨ n‡q Av‡Q| †mBfv‡e Kwei m‡½ dzjøivi †cÖg Agi n‡q fxgv`‡j Kw_Z Av‡Q GL‡bv| gnv‡k¦Zv †`ex Kwe e›`¨NUx MvwTi Rxeb I g„Zz¨ Dcb¨vmwU e¨wZµgxfv‡e dzwU‡q †Zv‡jb Pwi·K ev¯ÍeZvi gy‡LvgywL `uvo Kwi‡q| †hLv‡b dzjøivi iƒ‡ci eY©bvi cv‡k Dc¯’vcb K‡ib KzrwmZ ¸Yvi iƒc‡K k¥kv‡bi †cÖwZbxi g‡Zv fqsKi iƒ‡c| Dcb¨v‡m †jwLKv D‡Ïk¨g~jKfv‡e Kwei wØZxq Rb¥‡K cÖkœwe× Ki‡Z ev d¨v›Uvwmi RM‡Zi m‡½ cvkvcvwk ev¯ÍeZvi `„k¨Kí wbwg©Z K‡i AvL¨vb‡KB †mLv‡b e¨wZµgx K‡i †Zv‡jb| Dcb¨v‡mi fvlvq Ñ 1. G Kwj‡Z gvby‡li Avi †`ex‡Z wek¦vm †bB, †cÖwgKiv †`n-¯ú‡k©B †m bZzb ej cvq| gvbyl GLb µ‡gB †`eZv †Q‡o, AbvqË A‡jŠwKK †Q‡o gvwUi w`‡K avq, gvwUi 64 w`‡K hvq| 2. g‡bi †Pv‡L cvjKvc¨ gywb Avi c„w_exi †mB Avw`g nvwZi `j‡K †`L‡Z Kwe Avi Zuvi i³gvsm †Ku‡c †Ku‡c I‡V| I‡`i K_v wZwb wj‡Lb wb, A_P I‡`i K_vB †jLv 65 DwPZ wQj| f‚wgeZx© wPšÍvq AvewZ©Z K‡ib Dcb¨v‡mi AvL¨vb‡K, AvL¨vbm„ó Kwe‡K| GK wfbœ e¨vL¨vq Dcw¯’Z nq Kwe, †h-Kwe wØZxq Rb¥ wb‡Z ¯^-RvwZ †Q‡o G‡m‡Q| †h-Kwei fvlvq gnv‡k¦Zv Zz‡j w`‡q‡Qb †hb A‡gvN GK mZ¨evYx ÔKz_vI ¶gv bvBÕ, Kwe wbõj †¶v‡f ej‡jb| bM‡i Zvi ¶gv nqwb, wZwb Ô†hvM¨Zv hvi c„w_ex 66 ZviÕ GB g‡b K‡i bZzb Rxeb LuyR‡Z wM‡qwQ‡jb|Õ gnv‡k¦Zv †`exi Dcb¨vmm„ó Kwei gv‡S GB ˆØZmËvi RvMiY cvVK‡K bZzb fvebvi †LvivK †RvMvq| †hLv‡b M‡M©i g‡Zv ÔKsm ivRvÕ, nwik ivqvi g‡Zv wbg©g wb`©q gvbylI e‡j, ¶gZv _vK‡j bv †g‡i R½‡j †L`v Ki‡Zb| ivRv wb‡R wbôzi wePvi Ki‡jI ivRvi weKí wPšÍvi AeKvk NwU‡q‡Qb gnv‡k¦Zv †`ex| Dcb¨v‡mi fvlvq Ñ ÔAvZ©K‡É ej‡jb Ôhw` k~`ª n‡q gmxRxex n‡Z B‡”Q n‡qwQj Z‡e †evóg n‡j bv †Kb, Zv‡`i 67 mgvR †f`v‡f` bvB|Õ ivRvi K‡É Aby‡kvPbv wQj|Õ †hLv‡b fxgv`‡ji †jvKRb Kwe‡K cÖZ¨vL¨vb Ki‡Q, †mLv‡b wb`©q ivRv-gš¿xi g‡a¨ gnv‡k¦Zv †`ex GB †mœncÖeYZvi Avfvm w`‡q Kx †evSv‡Z †P‡q‡Qb, welqwU ZZUv ¯úó bq| Avgv‡`i G‡¶‡Î Aa¨vcK `v‡gv`i ag©`vm †Kvmvw¤^i (1907-66) wg_ A¨vÛ wiqvwjwU : ÷vwWR Bb w` di‡gkb Ad BwÛqvb KvjPvi MÖ‡š’ GKwU cÖm½ we‡klfv‡e ¯§Z©e¨ Ñ MxZv Ggb GK cvÐzwjwc hvi mnvqZvq †Kv‡bv wnsmv bv Qwo‡q eªvþY¨ e¨e¯’v AweK…Z ivLv hvq| kvmK †kÖwYi cQ›` n‡e bv Ggb wKQy mvgvwRK cybM©V‡bi D‡`¨vM, Aby‡cÖiYv I hv_v_©¨ GB MÖš’ †_‡K msMÖn Kiv hvq| MxZvq K…‡òi gyL w`‡qB eY©vkÖ‡gi c‡¶ mIqvj Kiv n‡q‡Q| K…ò e‡j‡Qb, Ôhviv Avgvi Kv‡Q AvkÖq cÖv_©bv K‡i, Zviv bvix, ˆek¨ I k~`ª‡`i gZ cvcx n‡jI... BZ¨vw` BZ¨vw`|Õ

huviv mgv‡R kÖg`vb K‡i m¤ú` ˆZwi K‡ib, Rb¥m~‡ÎB 68 Zuv‡`i AeÁvZ †NvlYv Kiv n‡q‡Q| gnvfviZ I cyivY Dfq cvÐzwjwcB evievi cwiewZ©Z n‡q‡Q eªvþY¨ev` i¶vi LvwZ‡i Ges Zv †Kvb-†Kvb Avg‡j N‡U Ñ †Kvmvw¤^ Z_¨mg„×fv‡e Zv Dc¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb| ga¨hy‡Mi †`e-†`ex-AvwkÖZ DcvL¨vb Ges eY©vkÖg a‡g©i †cÖ¶vc‡U gnv‡k¦Zv †`exi Kwei fvM¨ wba©viY †h GgbB mvgvwRK AvL¨vq †cŠivwYK wePvi n‡q I‡V, Zv Avgiv Abyaveb Ki‡Z cvwi †Kvmvw¤^i K_v ¯§iY K‡i| Zey Gme wKQyi g‡a¨ w`‡q gnv‡k¦Zv †`ex Kwe‡K cybR©b¥ w`‡q‡Qb ejv hvq| Z‡e Zuvi Kwe wbg©v‡Yi †¶‡Î †kÖwY‰elg¨‡Kw›`ªK mvgvwRK e„‡Ë Avw`evmx‡K †hgb †MvÎnxb K‡iB wPwýZ K‡i‡Qb, †Zgwb wZwb GKai‡bi †kÖwYKiYI K‡i‡Qb Dcb¨v‡mi PwiÎ wbe©vP‡bi †¶‡Î| †mB †MvÎnxb mgv‡Ri bvqK Kjnb‡K wZwb wb‡q‡Qb †mB †MvÎnxb, AiY¨evmx Avw`evmx Pzqvo‡`i ga¨ †_‡K n‡jI Zv‡`i †kÖô cyiælwUB wQj GB Kwe! Zvivk¼‡ii Kwe wbg©v‡Yi †¶‡ÎI Avgiv j¶ Kwi, wbkvPi evwnbxi cÖav‡bi fv‡Mœ, A_©vr †Wvg mgv‡Ri ¶gZvevb Ni †_‡KB wZwb Kwe wbZvBPiY‡K wbe©vPb K‡i‡Qb| †Zgwb gnv‡k¦Zv †`exi Kwe e›`¨NUx MvwTI Zv‡`i †MvÎnxb mgv‡Ri D”PeMx©q e¨w³ Kjnb‡K wba©viY K‡i‡Qb Kwe wbg©v‡Yi Rb¨| Dcb¨vm †_‡K D`vniY †`Iqv †h‡Z cv‡i Ñ ÔDi Zzj¨ 69 cyiæl mgv‡R jvB, DwU‡K `vI Avgiv ivRv Kie|Õ GB †¶‡Î Jcb¨vwmK gnv‡k¦Zv †`ex Avw`evmx mgv‡Ri N‡ii †jvK n‡jI Dcb¨v‡mi PwiÎ wbe©vP‡bi †¶‡Î †nwRgwb †kÖwYi gvbwmKZvi Qvc †i‡LB MÖš’ iPbv K‡i‡Qb ejv hvq; Ges †MvÎnxb RvwZi D”Pe‡M©i gvbyl Kjnb‡K Kwe wewbg©vY K‡ib †jLK Ges Avgv‡`i eY©vkÖg mgv‡Ri gvby‡li Kv‡Q Zv‡K wKse`wšÍi bvqK evbv‡Z mg_© nb| Dcb¨v‡m fxgv`‡ji gvby‡li g‡a¨ GB wek¦vm R‡b¥ †h, Kwe I dzjøivi gvqvi RM‡Z wgjb n‡q‡Q| Dcb¨v‡mi MíK_K †MvjKïuwoi Kv‡QB Kwe e›`¨NUx `yB iƒ‡c Dcw¯’Z nq| Dcb¨v‡mi fvlvq welqwU Dc¯’vwcZ n‡j Zv mn‡RB Zzjbxq n‡q DV‡e Ñ GK el© n‡Z hvq wKQy Kvj nq, GgbB GK el©vi mg‡q, †MvjKïuwoLvbvi m¤§yL ev‡U G‡m GK `wi`ª, c_Pvix hyeK G‡m Ôfxgv`‡j AbœmÎ bvB?Õ wRÁvmv K‡iwQj| hye‡Ki ïK‡bv gyL †`‡L †Mvj‡Ki `qv n‡qwQj| †m wb‡R Wve †K‡U G‡b †`q I bvi‡KjLÐ, evZvmv †c‡q †m hyeK †MvMÖv‡m †L‡qwQj| hye‡Ki †Pnviv ewjô, wKš‘ iæ¶ Pzj¸wj †Kvb kvwbZ A‡¯¿I mvnv‡h¨ †Q`b Kiv, ZvB Amgvb †`Lvq| hye‡Ki cv‡qi †Mvovwj‡Z GKwU e‡ov ¶Z wQj| †MvjK †m `~e©vNvm †Qu‡P i‡mi cÖ‡jc w`‡qwQj| ZLb Zvi mšÍvb m‡e g‡i‡Q, ZvB eq‡mi †Q‡j 70 †`L‡j Zvi ggZv n‡Zv| GB n‡”Q fxgv`‡j AvMš‘K Kwe e›`¨NUxi cÖ_g `k©‡b †Mvj‡Ki fvebvq Jcb¨vwm‡Ki PwiÎ Dc¯’vcb ¶zavZ©, weaŸ¯Í GK hyeK wn‡m‡e, GLv‡b Kwei Dc¯’vcb N‡U‡Q| wKš‘ GZw`b ev‡` S‡oi iv‡Z KznK n‡q †Mvj‡Ki ïuwoLvbvq GKUv jvwVi †Luv‡R Dcw¯’Z nIqv Kwei eY©bv †hb wKse`wšÍi †Kv‡bv bvqK| GB cÖm‡½ †jLK †hfv‡e Kwe‡K Dc¯’vcb K‡ib Zv Ñ ÔAvwg Kwe ewU †n, Kwe e›`¨NUxÕ... hye‡Ki KÉ ïK‡bv, iæ¶, M¤¢xi ÔAvwg eo Kz-¯^cœ †`Ljvg|Õ ej‡Z ej‡Z hyeK Ab¨gb¯‹ n‡jb| DbœZ kixi| hZ `xNj ZZ †`Lvq

bv, †Kbbv wZwb wmsn¯‹Ü, Kwe AwZwi³ PIov| ZiæY kvjMv‡Qi g‡Zv mej I m‡ZR †Pnviv| Nb Kv‡jv, mvgvb¨ †XD-†Ljv‡bv Pzj Kuv‡a Qov‡bv| †jvKkÖæwZ, †MŠiv½ beØxcjxjvi †ZgbB Pzj ivL‡Zb I hyeK gv‡ÎB †mfv‡e Pzj cÖmvab K‡i| Kv‡b †mvbvi Kz›`j, Mjvq †mvbvi KwÉ| Mjv, nvZ, Kuv‡ai †cwk †`L‡j g‡b nq hyeK GKmgq wZivf¨vm K‡i‡Qb| ci‡bi eûg~j¨ PIov cvo weòzcix aywZ I Kuv‡a KvÂxcyig †ik‡gi DËixq †_‡K Rj Mwo‡q c‡o †Mvj‡Ki N‡ii †g‡S K`©gv³ n‡Z jvMj|... †MvjK GLb f‡q M‡Z©i †Ku‡Pv, cv`yKvi bx‡P wcó wcuc‡o, †Kbbv Zvi mvg‡b GLb Kwe eܨNUx MvwT `uvwo‡q| bMiKwe, ivRKwe, gvaevP‡h©i †g‡q dzjøivi evM&`Ë cÖYqx, ivRv 71 MM©ejø‡fi cig cÖxwZcvÎ Kwe| †MvjKïuwo hLb S‡oi iv‡Î bvbv Kvwnwb †kvbv‡Z e¨¯Í, ZLb Kwei GB Dcw¯’wZ GK wKse`wšÍi bvqKiƒ‡c| GB N‡U hvIqv Uª¨v‡RwWi bvq‡Ki Avwef©v‡ei †fZi w`‡q gnv‡k¦Zv †hgb Zuvi Dcb¨v‡mi g~j AvL¨v‡b P‡j hvb, †mB AvL¨vb ïiæB K‡ib Kwe‡K gvby‡li g‡b wØZxq R‡b¥i bvqK iƒcvq‡Yi gva¨‡g| m‡e©vcwi GKwU Kv‡ji AvL¨v‡b Kwe cÖZxK n‡q D‡V‡Q †hgb, †Zgwb Dcb¨vmwU †c‡q‡Q e¨wZµgx Dcvav| gnv‡k¦Zv †`exi fvlv¸‡Y Dcb¨v‡mi PwiÎiv A‡bKUvB RxešÍ| HwZnvwmK Dcb¨v‡mi †¶‡Î †cÖ¶vcU ˆZwi Kivi †h-mgm¨v, Zvi g‡a¨ fvlv Ab¨Zg| gnv‡k¦Zv †`ex bv cy‡iv G-hy‡Mi fvlv, bv cy‡iv AZx‡Zi GKwU wgkÖY fvlvi gva¨‡g Dcb¨vmwU wbwg©Z K‡i †ek ˆewP‡Î¨i Qvc †d‡j‡Qb| Zv‡Z cvV‡Ki eyS‡ZI Amyweav n‡jv bv, Avevi AvL¨v‡bi Av‡g‡R †f‡m _vKj ga¨hy‡Mi AvenvIqv| fvlv, wg_ I BwZnv‡mi gva¨‡g †jŠwKK Rxebe„‡Ëi wPÎ wewbg©v‡Y e„nr mvgvwRK I †KŠg Rxe‡bi wP‡Îi mgvMg| †hŠbZv wgwkÖZ eviewbZv‡`i Dcw¯’wZ, `ywf©¶, Rxe‡bi Uvbvc‡o‡b gg©vwšÍK cwiYwZi ga¨ w`‡q Dcb¨v‡mi †kl nq| †mLv‡bB †hb Jcb¨vwm‡Ki mdjZv| G-K_v mZ¨, †`kxq AvL¨v‡bi †cÖ¶vcU‡K wewPÎZvi gva¨‡gB Zz‡j Avbv nj Kwei Rxeb‡Kw›`ªK NUbve„‡Ë| Dcb¨v‡mi welqe¯‘ n‡q †mB e„Ëe× Rxe‡bi DcvL¨vb iwPZ nj GK bZzb evZ©ve‡n, hv evsjv Dcb¨vm mvwn‡Z¨ AšÍ¨R †kÖwYi wkímËvi cÖKv‡ki gva¨‡g †kÖwYi Pwi‡Îi iƒc‡K Ab¨ GK Av‡jvq Dc¯’vwcZ n‡Z †`Lv †Mj, †hB Dcjwä †Kej fvZ-Kvc‡o †eu‡P _vKvi msMÖv‡gi bq, †h-msMÖvgB gnv‡k¦Zv †`ex Zuvi Avw`evmx Rxeb‡Kw›`ªK †ewkifvM Dcb¨v‡m gyL¨ K‡i †Zv‡jb, †mB Ae¯’v‡bi evB‡ii ¯^v‡` wbwg©Z G-AvL¨vb| Kwe e›`¨NUx MvwTi Rxeb I g„Zz¨ Dcb¨vmwU ZvB wk‡íi bZzb ¯^v`hy³ Dcb¨v‡mi j¶¨ enb Ki‡Q|

Z_¨m~Î

1. k¤úv miKvi, ÔDj¸jv‡bi †kl bvB, weimvi giY bvBÕ, givj, Dcb¨vm cÖm½ msL¨v (m¤úv`bv : †nv‡mbDÏxb †nv‡mb), wØZxq el©, wØZxq msL¨v, AvM÷ 2009, XvKv, c„ 89| 2. myü`Kzgvi †fŠwgK, Avw`evmx‡`i fvlv I evOjv, gvivseyiæ †cÖm, KjKvZv, 1999, c„ 39| 3. gnv‡k¦Zv †`ex, Ô†jL‡Ki K_vÕ, Kwe e›`¨NUx MvwTi Rxeb I g„Zz¨, gnv‡k¦Zv †`exi iPbvmgMÖ, lô LÐ (m¤úv`bv : ARq ¸ß), †`ÕR cvewjwks, KjKvZv, b‡f¤^i 2002|

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4. cÖv¸³, c„ 490| 5. mywegj wgkÖ, myweg‡ji weiæ‡× mywegj Ges D¯‹vwbg~jK A‡bKwKQzB, AvcvZfv‡e, evYxwkí, wW‡m¤^i 1988, c„ 79| 6. mygb mv¾v`, ÔDcb¨v‡mi ÔDbœqbÕ †`‡ek iv‡qi Dcb¨vmÕ cÖK…wZ, cÖvwšÍKZv I RvwZmËvi mvwnZ¨, Avengvb cÖKvkbx, 2011, c„ 43| 7. gjq ivq‡PŠayix, ÔDËi Jcwb‡ewkKZv ZË¡Õ, †cv÷K‡jvwbqvwjRg : DËi Jcwb‡ewkKZv (m¤úv`bv : mgxi ivq‡PŠayix), Kj¨vYx wcÖ›Uvm©, KjKvZv, 1996, c„ 20-58| 8. gnv‡k¦Zv †`ex, Kwe e›`¨NUx MvwTi Rxeb I g„Z¨z , c„ 103| 9. gvgyb Avi ikx`, ÔwbgœeM© wb‡q cÖv_wgK K_v, fviZxq mvwn‡Z¨ wbgœeM©Õ, evsjv Dcb¨v‡m wbgœeM©, ïׯ^i, XvKv, 2010, c„ 16| 10. ingvb RwR, ÔDËi AvaywbKZvev`Õ, wµwUK¨vj ZË¡wPšÍv, (m¤úv`bv : gvmD` Bgivb), gIjv eªv`vm©, XvKv, 2010, c„ 271| 11. gnv‡k¦Zv †`ex, Ô†jL‡Ki K_vÕ, Kwe e›`¨NUx MvwTi Rxeb I g„Zz¨, c„ 22| 12. cÖv¸³, c„ 490| 13. cÖv¸³, c„ 55| 14. AwmZKzgvi e‡›`¨vcva¨vq, evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i m¤ú~Y© BwZe„Ë, gWvb© eyK G‡RwÝ cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW, KjKvZv, 1998-99, c„ 73-74| 15. iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi, ÔHwZnvwmK Dcb¨vmÕ, iex›`ª iPbvejx, PZz_© LÐ, myjf ms¯‹iY, wek¦fviZx, KjKvZv, cybgy`ª©Y 1406, c„ 687| 16. wewRZKzgvi `Ë, evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ HwZnvwmK Dcb¨vm, KjKvZv, 1393, c„ 8-9| 17. gnv‡k¦Zv †`ex, Ô†jL‡Ki K_vÕ, Kwe e›`¨NUx MvwTi Rxeb I g„Zz¨| 18. cÖv¸³, c„ 22| 19. cÖv¸³, Ô†jL‡Ki K_vÕ| 20. Z‡cvaxi fÆvPvh©, ÔJcwb‡ewkK g~j¨‡eva : GKwU cÖ¯ÍvebvÕ, †cv÷K‡jvwbqvwjRg : DËi Jcwb‡ewkKZv, (m¤úv`bv : mgxi ivq‡PŠayix) Kj¨vYx wcÖ›Uvm©, KjKvZv, 1996, c„ 99| 21. gnv‡k¦Zv †`ex, ÔMÖš’cÖm½Õ, Kwe e›`¨NUx MvwTi Rxeb I g„Zz¨, c„ 491| 22. †`‡ek ivq, ÔDcb¨v‡mi bZzb ai‡bi †Luv‡RÕ, Dcb¨v‡mi bZzb ai‡bi †Luv‡R, cÖ_g ewa©Z †`ÕR ms¯‹iY, †`ÕR cvewjwks, KjKvZv, c„ 16| 23. cÖv¸³, c„ 33| 24. gnv‡k¦Zv †`ex, Kwe e›`¨NUx MvwTi Rxeb I g„Zz¨| 25. cÖv¸³, c„ 24| 26. cÖv¸³, c„ 24| 27. cÖv¸³, c„ 2| 28. cÖv¸³, c„ 2| 29. cÖv¸³| 30. †Rv‡md K¨v¤ú‡ej, wg‡_i kw³, wej gqv‡m©i m‡½ K‡_vcK_b, (Abyev` : LvwjKz¾vgvb Bwjqvm), evsjv GKv‡Wwg, XvKv, 1995, c„ 27| 31. cÖv¸³, c„ 28| 32. gnv‡k¦Zv †`ex, Kwe e›`¨NUx MvwTi Rxeb I g„Z¨z , c„ 67| 33. cÖv¸³, c„ 67| 34. cÖv¸³, c„ 38|

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35. cÖv¸³, c„ 38| 36. Zvivk¼i e‡›`¨vcva¨vq, Kwe, bvBg eyKm B›Uvib¨vkbvj, XvKv, 2008, c„ 7| 37. AwfwRr †mb, iû PÐv‡ji nvo, myeY©‡iLv, KjKvZv, Z…Zxq ms¯‹iY, 1407, c„ 71| 38. †mvgv gy‡Lvcva¨vq, ivpe‡½i †jvKgvZ…Kv, †jvKms¯‹…wZ I Avw`evmx ms¯‹…wZ †K›`ª, Z_¨ I ms¯‹…wZ wefvM, cwðge½ miKvi, 2004, c„ 22-23| 39. gnv‡k¦Zv †`ex, ÔMÖš’cÖm½Õ, Kwe e›`¨NUx MvwTi Rxeb I g„Zz¨, c„ 494| 40. †cŠivwYK Awfavb, myaxiP›`ª miKvi-msKwjZ, Gg. wm. miKvi A¨vÛ mÝ cÖv. wj., KjKvZv, lô ms¯‹iY, 1404, c„ 76| 41. †¶Î ¸ß, ÔØv`k bqb : †jŠwKK-A‡jŠwKKÕ, †jvKm„wói b›`bZË¡, †jvKms¯‹…wZ M‡elYv cwil`, cwðge½, KjKvZv, 2002, c„ 88-89| 42. gnv‡k¦Zv †`ex, Kwe e›`¨NUx MvwTi Rxeb I g„Zz¨, c„ 65| 43. cÖv¸³, c„ 26-27| 44. cÖv¸³, c„ 32| 45. cÖv¸³, c„ 86-87| 46. cÖv¸³, c„ 45| 47. †mwjbv †nv‡mb, bxj gq~‡ii †hŠeb, HwZn¨ cÖKvk, XvKv, 2000, c„ 144| 48. Zvivk¼i e‡›`¨vcva¨vq, Kwe, c„ 112| 49. gnv‡k¦Zv †`ex, Kwe e›`¨NUx MvwTi Rxeb I g„Zz¨, c„ 36| 50. cÖv¸³, c„ 57| 51. Zvivk¼i e‡›`¨vcva¨vq, Kwe, c„ 20| 52. gnv‡k¦Zv †`ex, Kwe e›`¨NUx MvwTi Rxeb I g„Zz¨, c„ 74| 53. †mwjbv †nv‡mb, bxj gq~‡ii †hŠeb, c„ 144| 54. cïcwZ gvnv‡Zv, ÔgyÐv MYmsMÖvgÕ, evsjvi `wjZ Av‡›`vj‡bi BwZe„Ë, (m¤úv`bv : wPË gÐj I cÖ_gv ivqgÐj) Abœc~Y©v cÖKvkbx, KjKvZv, 2003, c„ 91| 55. gnv‡k¦Zv †`ex, Kwe e›`¨NUx MvwTi Rxeb I g„Zz¨, c„ 73-74| 56. cÖv¸³, c„ 45| 57. cÖv¸³, c„ 77| 58. cÖv¸³, c„ 80| 59. cÖv¸³, c„ 63| 60. cÖv¸³, c„ 46| 61. cÖv¸³, c„ 499| 62. cÖv¸³, c„ 91| 63. cÖv¸³, c„ 91| 64. cÖv¸³, c„ 46| 65. cÖv¸³, c„ 85| 66. cÖv¸³, c„ 102| 67. cÖv¸³, c„ 75| 68. k¨vgj PµeZx©, Ôwg_ A¨vÛ wiqvwjwU Ñ †Kvmvw¤^I mZK©evZ©vÕ, cwiPq, mgv‡jvPbv msL¨v, 1416, KjKvZv, c„ 34-35| 69. gnv‡k¦Zv †`ex, Kwe e›`¨NUx MvwTi Rxeb I g„Zz¨, c„ 69| 70. cÖv¸³, c„ 34| 71. cÖv¸³, c„ 31-32| r

gÄy miKv‡ii Dcb¨vm : mgvRKvVv‡gvi iƒc‡iLv kvgxg mvC`

mv

wnwZ¨K wK mgvRZvwË¡K? m¤¢eZ Zuvi mgvRexÿv mgvRZvwË¡K A‡cÿvI AwaK MfxiZi n‡Z cv‡i| mgvRZË¡ ÔweÁvbÕ n‡q DV‡Z Pvq weavq mgvRZvwË¡‡Ki `„wófw½ wKQy MwÐe× _v‡K, mvwnwZ¨‡Ki Zv _v‡K bv| mvwnZ¨iPwqZvi _v‡K GKRb g~j¨‡eva wehy³ mgvRweÁvbx A‡cÿvI Mfxi g‡bvwb‡ek mPj-mgvRmËvi AšÍi †`‡k| Zey, hw`I, †klvewa GKRb mgvRZvwË¡KI Zuvi M‡elYvq g~j¨‡eva wehy³ _vK‡Z cv‡ib bv| †mLv‡b †jL‡Ki g~j¨‡eva mshy³ mgvR-gvbyl cv‡Vi `„wófw½, AbymÜvb I Zuvi AwfÁZvi eqvb GKRb mgvRweÁvbx A‡cÿv †kÖqZi MY¨ n‡Z cv‡i| GB k‡Z©B mvwnZ¨‡K, we‡klZ K_vmvwnZ¨‡K, mgvRcv‡Vi Z_v mgvRZ‡Ë¡i †gŠj Drm-f‚wg wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv hvq, wØavgy³ hyw³c‡_| GLv‡b D`vniY‡hvM¨ bgybv n‡jv K_vmvwnwZ¨K gÄy miKv‡ii Dcb¨vm Avevmf‚wg| †jL‡Ki mgvRm‡PZbZv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv wbZvšÍ evûj¨ cÖm½B, †Kbbv, mvwe©K mgvR-ivwóªK m‡PZbZv Qvov †jLK mvwnZ¨ iPbv Ki‡eb Avi Zv cvVKbw›`Z mvwnZ¨ n‡e, Zv fvevB hvq bv| Kx Dcv‡q †jLK †mB AwfÁZv I m‡PZbZv AR©b K‡ib GB cÖ‡kœi gxgvsmv bv-B ev n‡jv, Zey, Zuv‡K (†jLK) Zv AR©b Ki‡ZB nq| GB Av‡jvPbvq Dcb¨v‡mi wk‡ívrKl© wePv‡h© AvmwQ bv, eis mvgwMÖK mgvRvbyf‚wZ KZUv we‡kølYgyLx n‡q †jL‡Ki AwfÁZvq ev•gq Zv-B †`Lvi| mvwn‡Z¨i wkí-b›`bMZ Dc‡hvwMZv QvovI Gi ÁvbZvwË¡K, AwfÁZvZvwË¡K I mgv‰RwZnvwmK Z‡_¨i Drm wn‡m‡e †h-Dc‡hvwMZv Zv‡KB eo K‡i †`Lv hvq| Ges mwZ¨B Kjv‰Kej¨ev` Avi GKKfv‡e

mvwn‡Z¨i P‚ovšÍ Dc‡hvwMZvi gvb`Ð n‡q _vK‡Q bv, Ges †Kej GB k‡Z©B me cvV‡Ki Kv‡Q Dr‡i hv‡”Q bv| myZivs mvwnZ¨‡K Ab¨weafv‡eI Dc‡hvMx n‡q DV‡Z nq I n‡”Q| Avi GLv‡b wØZxq ai‡bi †h Dc‡hvwMZvi K_v D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q, †mB Dc‡hvwMZvi wfwˇZ mvwnZ¨‡K ÔKv‡Ri mvwnZ¨Õ wn‡m‡eI wPwýZ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i Ges cÿvšÍ‡i Kjv‰Kej¨ev`x †Kej wkíb›`‡b DrKwl©Z mvwnZ¨ wbZvšÍ ÔAKv‡Ri mvwnZ¨Õ wKsev Ôh‡_ó Kv‡Ri bqÕ wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ n‡Z cv‡i| d‡j, Kv‡Ri mvwnZ¨ wePv‡iB gÄy miKv‡ii Dcb¨vm Avevmf‚wgi mdjZv we‡eP¨ n‡Z cv‡i| GwU GKwU hyMvšÍ‡ii `wjj| Kv‡ji mvÿxI| Dcb¨vmc‡U ewY©Z NUbvKv‡ji c~e© I c‡ii mgvR-ivR‰bwZK ¯§„wZi m‡½ cwieZ©bkxj c‡_ mvhyR¨c~Y© Kvh©KviYwm× AwfÁZvi Abym„wZ I d‡ji iƒc‡iLv GB Dcb¨vm| Avevmf‚wg evsjv‡`‡ki AZxZ‡K g‡b Kwi‡q †`q Avi evsjv‡`‡ki fwel¨‡Zi w`‡K `„wó †divq ivR‰bwZK-mgvRZvwË¡‡Ki wKsev ms¯‹…wZwe`‡`i| evsjv‡`‡ki mgvRKvVv‡gv e`‡ji GK `xN© c_‡iLv c~e©vci wPý, wb`k©b cvIqv hvq Dcb¨vm Avevmf‚wg‡Z| †mw`KwU‡Z Avgv‡`i AbymÜvbx `„wó wbe× Kiv evÃbxq bq wK? ÔmgvRÕ GKwU m¤úK©m~PK mËvi gvbemsnwZg~jK aviYv| ÔmgvRÕ gvby‡li hvc‡bi GKwU ˆewkó¨g~jK mËv¯^iƒc| AwaKvsk mgvRZvwË¡K g‡b K‡i _v‡Kb, msnZ n‡q GK‡Î `je× n‡q emevm Kiv gvby‡li ¯^fveR cÖeYZv| wKš‘ mgvR-msµvšÍ GB aviYvwU ¯^Ztwm× wKbv wbwðZ K‡i ejv gykwKj, †Kbbv, mgvRmËv hLb RwUjmgMÖ, ZLb Gi †fZ‡iB †h‡nZz GB AvcvZ aviYvK… Z ¯^ f veRmsnwZ‡K fvOvi Rb¨

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cÖ‡qvRbxq me kZ© ˆZwi n‡q hvq, ZLb Avi G-aviYvi ¯^Ztwmw×i wbðqZv _v‡K bv| d‡j, g‡b Kiv LyeB †hŠw³K n‡Z cv‡i †h, msnZ n‡q emevm KivUvI gvby‡li Rb¨ kZ©mv‡cÿ AvPiY| myZivs mgvRmËv kZ©mv‡cÿ, ¯^fveR bq; Ggb hyw³wm×v‡šÍ gb Suz‡K hvq| ¯^qs RwUj mgvRmËvB GB aviYv‡K eû Kvh©Kvi‡Y cÖwZwôZ Ki‡Z cÖ¯‘Z| Avi mgvRmËvi †eva hv hyw³‡Z a„Z nq Zv Avm‡j kZ©mv‡cÿ bvbvgvwÎK m¤ú‡K© hy³ gvbe‡kÖwY| mgv‡Ri aibwU †hgbB †nvK †mLv‡b gvby‡l gvby‡l m¤ú‡K©i Aw¯ÍZ¡I Aek¨¤¢vex| mgv‡Ri †kÖwY, msMVb, cÖwZôvb¸‡jv gvbyl‡`i AvšÍtRvwjK m¤ú‡K© hy³ K‡i iv‡L, G-B g~jZ mgvRmsMVb ev mgvRKvVv‡gv| mgvRKvVv‡gv iƒcvq‡Yi kZ©¸‡jvi †fZ‡i †Kv‡bv AmvgÄm¨ †`Lv w`‡j ev e¨Z¨q n‡j †mLv‡b bvbvgyLx mvgvwRK msKU †`Lv †`q| GB msKU †gvKv‡ejvq gvbyl Avevi msnZ n‡Z m‡Pó| GB mgvR Øvw›ØKZvq gvby‡li msK‡Ui Aw¯ÍZ¡ cÖvq Acwinvh©, †Kbbv, gvbyl bvbvgyLx msK‡U RxebiÿvKvix msMÖv‡gi wbwg‡Ë GB cvi¯úwiK m¤ú‡K© hy³ n‡q‡Q, kw³ I msnwZi ZvwM‡`| myZivs †m-msKU¸‡jv mvgvwRK-cÖvK…wZK cÖwZK‚jZvi| d‡j gvby‡liv m¤ú‡K©i wfwˇZ ci¯ú‡i msnZ n‡q cÖwZK‚jZvi weiæ‡× jovB Ki‡Z mgvRe× nq Ñ G-B gvby‡li mgvRe×Zvi kZ©| wKš‘ hLb gvby‡li GB m¤ú‡K©i wfZ‡i AmyL †`Lv †`q, ZLb, ejv †h‡ZB cv‡i †h, gvby‡liv wecbœZvi g‡a¨ Av‡Q, wecbœcÖvq mgvRRxeb hvcb Ki‡Q; Zviv †h-†Kv‡bv cÖwZK‚jZv, wec‡`i †gvKv‡ejvq bvRyK cwiw¯’wZ‡Z emevm Ki‡Q| Ggb DrKwÉZ cwiw¯’wZ‡Z hw` cÖkœ Av‡m Ñ evsjv‡`‡ki mgvRKvVv‡gvi Z‡e Kx nvj? ZLb Dcb¨vm Avevmf‚wg k¼vevPK †ek wKQy AbymÜvbx Reve wb‡q nvwRi nq| Avevmf‚wg Ñ hvi eq‡b I eqv‡b evsjv‡`‡ki gvby‡li mgvRm¤ú‡K©i msK‡Ui Kv‡jvwPý AuvKv Av‡Q, hv evsjv‡`‡ki mgvRev¯ÍeZvi c~e©vci iƒcvšÍi cÖwµqvi w`‡KI Bw½Z K‡i| Dcb¨v‡m ewY©Z mgvR-Kvjev¯ÍeZv wbwðZfv‡e AZx‡Zi GK `xN© mgvR-iƒcvšÍ‡ii dj, d‡j GB Kv‡j gvby‡li msK‡Ui cÖK…Z ¯^iƒc eyS‡Z mgvRwPšÍK‡`i `„wó‡K AZx‡Zi mgvR-iƒcvšÍi cÖwµqvi w`‡K †U‡b wb‡q hvq GB Dcb¨v‡mi ev¯ÍeZv| mgv‡jvPK, M‡elK, cvVK wbwe©‡k‡l mevB‡K BwZnvmgyLxb Ki‡Z gb‡b GK `yg©i AbymwÜrmvi Zvobv m„wó K‡i GB Dcb¨vm| Ges Dcb¨v‡m †h-msKUwU wPwýZ Zvi hw` h_vh_ ïkÖƒlv bv nq Z‡e GB gvby‡liv I fwel¨‡Zi gvby‡liv ev Zv‡`i fvex-cÖRb¥ †KgbZi msK‡Ui †fZi cwZZ n‡Z hv‡”Q, Zv Kvh©KviYm~‡Î Abygvb Kiv hvq; gvby‡li mvgvwRK, ivwóªK fwel¨rwelqK wKQy Abywm×v‡šÍ †cuŠQv‡bv hvq| Dcb¨vm Avevmf‚wg‡Z Mfxi ÿZhy³ evsjv‡`‡k gvby‡li m¤ú‡K©i AmyLwU wPwýZ| †Kv‡bv GKwU mgv‡Ri, †`‡ki gvby‡liv KZUzKz my¯’ Zv †evSv hvq †mB gvbyl‡`i mvgvwRK m¤ú‡K©i ¯^iƒc †`‡L| †h-mgv‡R Amy¯’ mvgvwRK m¤úK© weivR Ki‡Q †m-¯’v‡bi gvbyl‡`i my¯’Zv G‡Kev‡iB AcÖZ¨vwkZ e¨vcvi| GB Amy¯’Zv kvixwiK I gvbwmK Dfqwea| Amy¯’ mgvRm¤ú‡K©i wfwˇZ †Kv_vI †Kv‡bv my¯’ I msnZ ivóªe¨e¯’v M‡o DV‡Z cv‡i, Ggb aviYv Kiv Kómva¨| mgvRweÁv‡bi `„wó‡Z GB m¤ú‡K©i msKU‡KB mgvRKvVv‡gvi msKUiƒ‡c wPwýZ Kiv nq| †Kv‡bv mgv‡Ri KvVv‡gvwU iƒcvwqZ nq †mB mgvR¯’ gvby‡li m¤ú‡K©i wfwˇZ, d‡j m¤ú‡K©i msKUwU we‡kl D‡ØM RvMÖZ K‡i| gvby‡li m¤ú‡K©i †h-AvšÍtRvj, c~‡e©B hv‡K e‡jwQ mgvRmsMVb ev mgvRKvVv‡gv, †mB mgvRKvVv‡gvi Av‡jv‡P¨ mgvRKvVv‡gv

wel‡q mgvRZ‡Ë¡ †hme msÁvqb `„ó nq, ¯^Zš¿ †mme ZvwË¡‡Ki msÁvq‡b gvby‡li m¤úK©wUB cÖavb I Acwinvh© Abyl½ wn‡m‡e D‡V Av‡m| e¨w³‡Z e¨w³‡Z m¤úK© ewj, †kÖwYm¤úK© ewj, ÁvwZ-†Mvôx-`j-m¤úª`vqMZ b„ZvwË¡K m¤úK© ewj wKsev mvgvwRK cÖwZôvb wba©vwiZ mvgvwRK Ae¯’vbMZ, e¨w³i f‚wgKvwfwËK m¤úK©B ewj Ñ mevB GKwU mvgvwRK KvVv‡gv iƒcvq‡Yi cÖwµqvc_ I iƒcvwqZ mgvRKvVv‡gvi ¯^iƒc wba©viY K‡i †`q| Avevmf‚wg Dcb¨vmwU evsjv‡`‡ki ev¯Íe mgvRwP‡Î †ZgbB GK mgvRKvVv‡gvi iƒcwPÎY K‡i‡Q Ges †mLv‡b mgvRKvVv‡gvi AšÍ¯’ AmyL wKsev msKU ev evsjv‡`‡ki gvbyl‡`i m¤ú‡K©i msKUwU wPwýZ K‡i w`‡q‡Q| evsjv‡`‡ki gvby‡li m¤ú‡K©i msKUwU ZK©vZxZfv‡e ms¯‹…wZMZ, c‡i ivR‰bwZK| GKUv mg‡q mvgwMÖK mgvR-ms¯‹…wZ I IB mgv‡R weivRgvb ivR‰bwZK ms¯‹…wZ G‡K A‡b¨i cÖfveK n‡q `uvovq| A‡gvN mwZ¨ †h, mgvR weeZ©‡b mgvR-ms¯‹…wZ‡K AvkÖq K‡iB ivR‰bwZK ms¯‹…wZ weKwkZ n‡q‡Q| ivR‰bwZK ms¯‹…wZ AvswkKfv‡e MYmvavi‡Yi ms¯‹…wZ‡K cÖfvweZ Ki‡Z cvi‡jI Zv MYmvavi‡Yi ms¯‹…wZ Øviv wbw`©ó ¯’vb-Kv‡j Avg~j cÖfvweZ n‡q‡Q, n‡q _v‡K| cÿvšÍ‡i GKwU †`‡ki ivR‰bwZK ms¯‹…wZ †m-†`‡ki me RbM‡Yi ms¯‹…wZ n‡q I‡V bv wKsev MYgvby‡li ms¯‹…wZ‡K e¨vcKfv‡e cÖfvweZ K‡i bv| wKš‘ †Kv‡bv †`‡ki wKsev †h-†Kv‡bv mgv‡Ri A_©e¨e¯’vi m‡½ ivRbxwZi GKwU cwic~iK m¤úK© _v‡K, Avi A_©e¨e¯’v mvgwMÖK ms¯‹…wZ‡K cÖfvweZ Ki‡Z cv‡i| d‡j ivRbxwZ I A_©bxwZi cvi¯úwiK cÖfvevcbœZvi k‡Z© e¨vcK mvgvwRK ms¯‹…wZi Ic‡iI iƒcvšÍigyLx cÖfve c‡o| myZivs A_©bxwZ‡K evnK Kiv n‡j ivRbxwZ ms¯‹…wZi Ic‡i D‡jøL‡hvM¨ cÖfve †d‡j| evsjv‡`‡ki gvby‡li fv‡M¨vbœqb wKsev wech©q Zvi mvs¯‹…wZK (AšÍiv‡j A_©e¨e¯’v) cwieZ©‡bi ØvivB wbqwš¿Z n‡q‡Q, n‡”Q| Avevmf‚wg‡Z ewY©Z mgvRwP‡Î evsjv‡`‡ki mvgvwRK, Av_©-ivR‰bwZK cUcwieZ©‡bi GKwU MwZgyL I AwØZxq MwZc_ wPwýZ n‡q Av‡Q| Dcb¨v‡m ÔwbwPšÍvcyiÕ MÖvgwUB †hb mgMÖ evsjv‡`k n‡q wea„Z n‡q Av‡Q| Avi Gi wVKzwR wbY©‡qi Kvj‡iLvwUI my¯úó Aw¼Z n‡q Av‡Q evOvwji `xN© mvs¯‹…wZK BwZnv‡mi cwim‡i| evsjv‡`k GKwU Kvw•ÿZ mvs¯‹„wZK jwÿZ c‡_ G‡Mv‡Z †P‡qwQj| ms¯‹…wZ‡K evnb K‡iB GKwU ivóª ¯^vaxb n‡qwQj| G‡`‡ki gvby‡li gb‡b D`vi‰bwZK gvbweK ms¯‹…wZ‡PZbvi GKwU cÖevn ZLb wµqvkxj wQj| wKš‘ GKwU RvwZ‡K Lye mvejxjfv‡e gv½wjK-gvbweK gvb‡m my`~i fwel¨‡Z e‡q †bIqvi Rb¨ GB mvs¯‹…wZK evnbwU KZUzKz k³‡cv³ wQj? GB cÖkœwU GKv‡j G‡m RvM‡Q| wKš‘, cÖkœwU GKv‡j RvM‡jI Gi DËivbymÜvb Ki‡Z nq AZx‡Z wM‡q| ZrKv‡ji evOvwji †h-ms¯‹…wZ wQj, hv‡Z mIqvi n‡q evOvwj G‡Mv‡Z †P‡qwQj, ms¯‹…wZi †h-†PnvivwU ZLb wQj, †h-MVbwU wQj Zvi †fZ‡iB wQj evOvwji ¯^cœhvÎvq †nuvPU LvIqvi KviY| GB mvs¯‹…wZKevnbwU‡K weKj Kivi Rb¨ †mB ms¯‹…wZi †fZ‡iB wQj wecixZgyLx ÿqKvix kw³| d‡j, evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxb nIqvi wKQyKvj c‡iB cÖZ¨vwkZ mvs¯‹…wZK evnbwU Avi mvejxjfv‡e AMÖMvgx n‡Z cv‡iwb| Avevmf‚wgi wbwPšÍvcy‡ii Avigvb Avjx, †h wQj agx©q mv¤úª`vwqK †PZbv jvjbKvix, ¯^vaxbZvKvgx gvby‡li cÖZ¨vwkZ Av`k©vwqZ ms¯‹…wZ‡PZbvi wecixZ Ges ¯^vaxbZvwe‡ivax, Zv‡K hLb ÿgZvKvVv‡gvq wbqš¿‡Ki Avmb `Lj Ki‡Z †`Lv hvq ZLb ey w S †h, ¯^ ‡ cœ Ny Y wQj| Avey j

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Kvjv‡gi †hŠe‡bi mvg¨ev`x Av`‡k©i ivRbxwZ gvi †L‡q‡Q, gyw³‡hv×v Aveyj Kvjv‡gi ¯^cœ`„wó‡Z †Nvi †j‡M‡Q Avigvb Avjxi AvNv‡Z| GB ؇›Ø G‡`‡ki gvby‡li m¤ú‡K©i †fZ‡i †h dvUj iwPZ nq Zv cÖvq ïkÖƒlvnxb| AvcvZ`„wó‡Z wbwPšÍvcy‡i mv¤úª`vwqKZvi ¯úóZ †Kv‡bv Avfvm †bB, wKš‘ Avigvb Avjxi Aw¯ÍZ¡B cieZx©Kv‡j Ici`„wó‡K (Surface vision) fzj cÖgvY K‡i‡Q| Avgv‡`i eZ©gvb mgvR-ivR‰bwZK cwiw¯’wZB wbwPšÍvcyi‡K eyS‡Z Avgv‡`i my`~i AZxZgyLx Ki‡Q GLb| wek^mf¨Zvi HwZnvwmKKv‡j nvRvi eQ‡i mvgªvR¨ we¯ÍvigyLx mf¨Zvi MwZgy‡L gvbyl Zvi wPivqZ m¤úª`vq-†PZbvi m‡½ ag©¸‡jv‡K Ggb AvZ¥NvZx K‡i wgwk‡q‡Q †h, Zvi bvMcvkgy³ nIqv †hb Avi gvby‡li mva¨ bq| †hLv‡b gvbyl ÁvbPP©vq agx©q mv¤úª`vwqKZv †_‡K gy³ n‡q‡Q, †mLv‡b Zviv RvwZMZ mv¤úª`vwqKZvq I AÂjwfwËK mv¤úª`vwqKZvq AvZ¥NvZx n‡q‡Q, n‡”Q| wbwPšÍvcy‡ii ev¯ÍeZvi †fZi w`‡q ÔevOvwjÕ RvwZi fvM¨‡iLv eyS‡Z n‡j BwZnv‡m †PvL †div‡Z n‡e wbðqB, †Kbbv, †mB mgqcwim‡iB Av‡Q evOvwji ms¯‹…wZMZ hZ AmyL-wemy‡Li wb`k©b| wKš‘ AvcvZZ evOvwj I evsjv‡`‡ki Kzwô MYbvi Rb¨ AZ`~‡i bv †M‡jI Pj‡e| GKv‡ji A`~‡iB G-RvwZi Aw¯’iZvi GKwU m~Pbvwe›`y cvIqv hvq| Bs‡iR Dcwb‡e‡ki wkKo| Gi Av‡Mi Avh© wKsev †gvMj Dcwb‡ek cÖm½ K_vhyw³i cwimi Kgv‡ZB Gov‡bv DwPZ, g‡b KiwQ| wKš‘ wbKU AZx‡Z †h‡ZB n‡e, KviY wbwPšÍvcy‡ii ev¯ÍeZv †cwi‡q, AvR, evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvi `vwei †h Av`wk©K wfwË wQj, ms¯‹…wZRvZ RvwZZ¡ aviYvi ÔevOvwjÕ cÖZ¨qwU †mwUB GLb cÖkœwe×| Avi G-mskqwU ˆZwi n‡qwQj Avm‡j c~‡e©B, evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv-DËiKv‡jB| mskqhy³ GKwU cÖkœ Ñ evOvwji An¼vi Avm‡j wK‡m? wn›`y‡Z,¡ bvwK gymjgvwb‡Z¡? †hLv‡b evOvwj ïayB evOvwj bv n‡q evOvwj wn›`y ev evOvwj gymjgvb cwiP‡q AvZ¥cÖwZôv Ki‡Z †P‡q‡Q Ges GB cÖ‡kœ msL¨vMwiô evOvwj gymjgvbiv msL¨vjNy wn›`y‡`i m‡½ ؇›Ø wjß n‡q‡Q| d‡j GLv‡b mvs¯‹…wZK msnwZ n‡q‡Q my`~icivnZ| GB cwiw¯’wZB evOvwj‡K me©cÖ_g w¯’iZvnxb K‡i| GB ZK©wU Zvi mvs¯‹…wZK gvb‡m †cÖvw_Z n‡qwQj, †m-gvbm wb‡qB D‡V G‡mwQj Avigvb Avjx, †hLv‡b civwRZ Aveyj Kvjvg Avi ms¯‹…wZRvZ ÔevOvwjZ¡Õ| evsjv‡`‡ki gvby‡li m¤úK©cv‡V G-welqwU‡K GZ eo K‡i †`Lvi †h-KviY Zv n‡jv, gvby‡li m¤ú‡K©i wbqvgK Av‡iv Ab¨ †h-KviY¸‡jv Av‡Q †m¸‡jvI evsjv‡`‡ki gvby‡li m¤úK©KvVv‡gv e`‡j cÖfveK e‡U, Z‡e mvs¯‹…wZK Av`‡k©I wefvRK, mv¤úª`vwqKZvi g‡Zv e¨vcK, AvZ¥weaŸsmx I cÖvq cÖwZKvinxb Ab¨ †Kv‡bv¸‡jvB bq| GgbwK, AvÂwjK †h-mv¤úª`vwqK gvbwmKZv evsjv‡`‡ki gvby‡li g‡a¨ Av‡Q ZvI AZ gvivZ¥K bq| bMivqY, AeKvVv‡gvMZ cwieZ©b, wkíweKvkMZ †hme A_©‰bwZK cÖfveK mgvRKvVv‡gvi ¯^iƒc e`‡j †h-f‚wgKv iv‡L Zvi d‡j mgv‡R eû †kÖwYi Rb¥ nq e‡U, Avi Zv eis mgvR‡K eûgyLx ˆewP‡Î¨ mymsnZB K‡i| †mLv‡bI †kÖwY-msNvZ we`¨gvb _v‡K e‡U; wKš‘ agx©q mv¤úÖ`vwqKZvi d‡j gvby‡li g‡a¨ mgvR-ivR‰bwZK †h-†giæKiY N‡U, †mLv‡b eû‰ewP‡Î¨i †kÖwY¸‡jvI AvcvZ jxb n‡Z _v‡K, n‡q hvq; Avi mgvR weKv‡ki ¯^vfvweK Øvw›ØKZvi †h-wµqvKviY Zv e¨vnZ nq| d‡j Ab¨ KviY¸‡jv‡K A‡cÿvK…Z †MŠY K‡iB †`LwQ, Z_vwc †m¸‡jv‡K cieZx©Kv‡j h_vcÖm‡½ Av‡jv‡P¨ Avbvi A‡cÿv _vKj| mvgvwRK m¤ú‡K©iI †giæKiY, Avi †mLv‡b †Kej `ywUB

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†giæ, wecixZ cÖv‡šÍ| GB †giæKiY cÖwµqv P‚ovšÍfv‡e gvbyl‡K wefvwRZ Ki‡Z †c‡iwQj e‡jB f‚‡Mv‡ji bZzb mxgvwPý AuvKv n‡qwQj| †mB cwi‡cÖwÿ‡ZB hZ ANUb-NUb, Avi Zvici †Kej d‡j Avi cÖwZwµqvi gÂvqb| GB cÖeYZv‡ZB e½f‡½i m¤¢vebv cwiw¯’wZ‡K Gov‡bv hvqwb| GiB AbyeZ© †hb 1946-47-Gi `v½v, 1956 I Õ62 mv‡ji cvwK¯Ív‡b msweav‡bi wewa¸‡jvq Zv fxlY †Pnvivq D™¢vwmZ nq| Awef³ ¯^vaxb fvi‡Zi BwZnvmI Gi e¨wZµg bq, †Kbbv, evsjv‡`‡ki mvs¯‹…wZK DËivwaKvi †mLvb †_‡KB G‡m‡Q| wek^mgvR I ms¯‹…wZI GB Aw¯’iZv †_‡K wew”Qbœ _vK‡Z cv‡iwb| evsjv‡`‡ki mvs¯‹…wZK BwZnv‡m 1971 GKwU c`‡ÿc| GB Aw¯’iZvq wKQyUv w¯’wZ Avbq‡bi wbwg‡Ë| GUv mdj nIqvi m¤¢vebv wQj hw` ˆewk^K Aw¯’iZvi n¯Í‡ÿc Gov‡bv †hZ, wKš‘ ZvI Am¤¢eB wQj ejv hvq| d‡j Õ71 AskZ mdj n‡qI e„n`vs‡k NyY cy‡l mvg‡b GwM‡q‡Q| †`kfv‡Mi †h-Aw¯’iZv Zvi †XD ¯^vaxbZv-cieZx© evsjv‡`‡ki wbwPšÍvcy‡iI w¯’i nq bv| ¯^vaxbZv-cieZx© evsjv‡`‡k 1946-47-Gi `v½vi A_©bxwZ I ivRbxwZ bZzb †Pnvqvi weKwkZ n‡Z ïiæ K‡i| d‡j, gyw³‡hv×v Aveyj Kvjvg e¨_© nb, Abvqvm mdj nq ivRvKvi Avigvb| eûw`b a‡iB evsjv‡`‡k P‡j‡Q `v½vi A_©bxwZ Z_v mv¤úª`vwqK A_©bxwZi Kjv‡KŠkj| P‡j‡Q †`‡ki me©v‡½B| ejv †h‡Z cv‡i †h, Õ71-Gi gyw³hy‡×i cÖavbZg cÖeYZv wQj mv¤úª`vwqKZvi weiæ‡× hy×, wKš‘ ms¯‹…wZi kÎæi weiæ‡× †Kej e›`y‡Ki gva¨‡g weRq jvf nq bv, cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q| ejv hvq, GB hy‡× evsjv‡`‡ki gvby‡li ivR‰bwZK gyw³ G‡mwQj, †fŠ‡MvwjK ¯^vaxbZv G‡mwQj, hrwKwÂr A_©‰bwZK gyw³I G‡mwQj †Kej; mvs¯‹…wZK jovB‡q weRqwU Av‡mwb, †mwU †m-mg‡qB cÖKvwkZ nqwb, aiv c‡o‡Q c‡i| †m-mg‡q hy× Rq n‡jI Zv evsjv‡`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡i bZzbZi Aw¯’iZvi Rb¥ w`‡qwQj, †kl iÿv nqwb| Zvi c‡i G‡m evsjv‡`‡ki BwZnv‡m 1975 mvj wewkó n‡qwQj| ZLb evsjv‡`k f‚-ivR‰bwZK I †fŠ‡MvwjK mxgv wba©vi‡Yi wfwˇZ m¦vaxb wQj e‡U, wKš‘ mvgvwRK I A_©‰bwZK ¯^vaxbZvi jovB ïiæ n‡qwQj m‡egvÎ| Avi A_©bxwZ GKwU wbqwZc_ hv mswkøó ms¯‹…wZi Kx nvj Zvi avi bv-†a‡iB G‡Mvq wbR¯^ MwZgy‡L| myZivs †mme msKU wb‡q A_©bxwZ G‡Mvw”Qj| d‡j mvs¯‹…wZK NyY †_‡KB GwM‡q PjwQj `ye©„ËvwqZ A_©bxwZ| Ggb msK‡U ms¯‹…wZwfwËK ÔevOvwjÕ RvwZ‡Z¡i cÖZ¨qcÖ‡YZv, RvwZi RbKI wUK‡Z cv‡ibwb| evOvwj‡Z¡i AnsKvi wb‡q AMÖhvÎvi †bZv‡K nZ¨v Kiv n‡qwQj| mvs¯‹…wZK wecøeUv n‡q I‡Vwb| myZivs GB †cÖÿvcU †_‡KB wbwPšÍvcyi‡K eyS‡j, wbwPšÍvcy‡ii ÿgZvKvVv‡gv‡K eyS‡j Avigv‡bi DÌv‡bi KviYwU †evSv hv‡e, evsjv‡`‡ki fwel¨r c_‡iLv‡K †`Lv m¤¢e n‡e| Avi GUv m¤¢eZ †evSvi †Póv Kiv nqwb| evsjv‡`‡ki mgvR-ivR‰bwZK cwiw¯’wZi c~e©vci we‡køl‡Y †h-mgqKvjwU me©vwaK ¸iæZ¡c~Y©, †mB KvjwUB Dcb¨vm Avevmf‚wgi c‡U RxešÍ n‡q Av‡Q| evsjv‡`‡ki gvby‡li ¯^cœ-AvKv•ÿvi AwfgyLc‡_ Lvj †K‡U Kzwgi Pv‡li Kvj n‡jv †mBKvj| Dcb¨v‡m wPwÎZ Aby‡gq †mB KvjwU evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv-cieZx© mˇii `k‡Ki †klva© †_‡K beŸB‡qi `k‡Ki cÖvq cÖ_gva© ch©šÍ wek eQivwaK Kvjcwim‡i we¯Í…Z| 1952 mv‡ji fvlv-Av‡›`vj‡bi gva¨‡g mvs¯‹…wZK wecø‡ei †h-cÖ‡Póv ïiæ n‡qwQj evOvwj‡`i, Zvi c~Y© ewntcÖKvk N‡U Õ71-G G‡m| wKš‘ mdjZvwU ivR‰bwZK gyw³i g‡a¨B mxgve× †_‡K wM‡qwQj Avi mvs¯‹…wZK ms¯‹viwU c~Y©gvÎvq mdj n‡Z cv‡iwb weavq

AZx‡Zi `xN© mvs¯‹…wZK ci¤úivi AšÍ‡ii NyY evsjv‡`‡ki cÖK…Z ¯^vaxbZv AR©‡bi msMÖvg‡K e¨vnZ Ki‡Z †Póv K‡i‡Q evievi| Dcb¨vm Avevmf‚wgi wbwPšÍvcy‡ii mgvRwPÎ I gvby‡li m¤ú‡K©i msK‡Ui ¯^iƒc we‡køl‡Y ms¯‹…wZi AšÍNy©YbRwbZ d‡j aibwU we‡kl ¸iæZ¡c~Y© we‡ewPZ| ivRvKvi Avigv‡bi mvgvwRK Ae¯’vb cwieZ©b (mobility), Zvi ÿgZvKvVv‡gvq `„p Ae¯’v‡b cybe©vmb wbwPšÍvcyi wKsev evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¨ GKwU Av_©-mvs¯‹…wZK-ivR‰bwZK m¤ú‡K©i msKU ˆZwi K‡i| gyw³‡hv×v Aveyj Kvjvg wKsev wbwPšÍvcy‡ii Z_v evsjv‡`‡ki AMwYZ gvby‡li AvKv•ÿvf‡½i m~Pbvwe›`y wbðq †hb GLv‡bB wbwnZ Av‡Q| Avevmf‚wgi Av‡jL¨ cÖm‡½ mv¤úª`vwqKZv‡K GZ †Rvi w`‡q †U‡b Avbvi cÖvmw½KZv Gov‡bv Aek¨ AbywPZ weavq evievi Uvbv n‡”Q, LyeB AcÖvmw½Kfv‡e| Ges Avev‡iv ej‡Z PvB †h, welqwU Zwj‡q †`Lvi, KviY GB cÖvmw½KZvi Awbevh©Zv Av‡Q| evOvwji `xN© mnmª eQ‡ii †h Amv¤úª`vwqK mnve¯’vb wQj, Zv Avm‡j fvO‡Z ïiæ K‡iwQj agx©q, RvZxq I AÂjwfwËK mv¤úª`vwqKZvi ivRbxwZKxKi‡Yi d‡j| Amv¤úª`vwqK m¤úªxwZ wkw_j n‡qwQj A‡bK Av‡MB| 1905 mv‡ji e½f‡½i m¤¢vebvI ZviB dj| Gi d‡j `yB evsjvq e¨vcKfv‡e gvby‡li mvgvwRK ¯’vbvšÍiY (Social Migration/ Transition) ïiæ nq| mvgvwRK m¤ú‡K©i GB AšÍiwePy¨wZ‡K Av‡iv evo‡Z †`Iqv †iva Ki‡Z mvs¯‹…wZK †KŠkj Riæwi wQj| †Zgb cÖ‡PóvB n‡qwQj Õ52 †_‡K 71-G| wKš‘ cÖPwjZ mvs¯‹…wZK †mªv‡Zi †fZ‡i gvby‡li mvgvwRK m¤ú‡K©i Awek^vmRwbZ wew”QbœZvi cÖeYZvwU ZZw`‡b A‡bK †ewk kw³kvjx I †eMgq| mvgvwRK gvby‡li ¯’vbvšÍiY (social transition/ migration) mvgvwRK cÖwµqvq GKwU wbqZ ¯^vfvweK NUbv| Gi ga¨ w`‡qB gvbyl bZzb ¯’v‡b bZzb m¤ú‡K© cÖ‡ek K‡i Ges ms¯‹…wZKiY (acculturation), AvZ¥xKiY (assimilation), Dc‡hvRb (adaptation) cÖwµqvi ga¨ w`‡q mvgvwRK MwZkxjZvi cÖwµqv‡K mPj iv‡L| GB MwZkxjZvi (dynamics) †fZ‡ii KviY hLb mgvRcÖMwZi cÖwZK‚j nq ZLb GB MwZkxjZv n‡q I‡V cðvrgyLx| AvcvZ‡Pv‡L mvgvwRK ¯’vbvšÍi‡Yi KviY¸‡jv‡K mgv‡Ri A_©‰bwZK cwi‡cÖwÿZB g‡b nq, wKš‘ Mfx‡i †M‡j †`Lv hv‡e †h, GB A_©‰bwZK wKsev ivR‰bwZK cwi‡cÖwÿZwUI mv¤úª`vwqKZvRwbZ| weªwUk Dcwb‡e‡k I Gi c‡iI fviZxq mgv‡R mvgvwRK

¯’vbvšÍi‡Y mv¤úª`vwqK gb¯‹ZvRwbZ m¤ú‡K©i `~iZ¡ e¨vcK cÖfve †d‡j‡Q| hw`I mf¨Zvi my`~icÖmvix AZxZ †_‡K GUvB Rvbv hvq †h, gvby‡li I mf¨Zvi ¯’vbvšÍiY I weKv‡ki g~‡j i‡q‡Q Zv‡`i bZzb RxweKvi AbymÜvb| wKš‘ Zvi cieZx© BwZnv‡m GB RxweKvi Zvobvq gvby‡li †`ŠowUi ¯’vb `Lj K‡i AvMÖvmx, `Lj`vwiZ¡ g‡bvfv‡ei mvgªvR¨we¯Ívix cÖeYZv| fviZ, evsjv‡`k I cvwK¯Ív‡bi f‚-ivR‰bwZK ZrciZvq mv¤úª`vwqKZv‡K Lye Kvh©Ki nvwZqvi wn‡m‡e e¨envi Kiv †M‡Q| myZivs GB A‡ji gvby‡li mvgvwRK ¯’vbvšÍiY mv¤úª`vwqKZvi ivRbxwZKxKiY GKwU PgrKvi wjfvi (liver) wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i‡Q| evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv-cieZx©Kv‡jI GB ¯’vbvšÍi‡Yi MwZ w¯ÍwgZ nqwb Ges Av‡iv c‡i wkíweKv‡k I cyuwRi m¤úªmvi‡Yi m‡½I gvby‡li mv¤úª`vwqK-gb¯‹Zv cwic~iK f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i‡Q I K‡i P‡j‡Q| myZivs `yB evsjvq †h-RbcÖev‡ni m~Pbv n‡qwQj Zvi KviYwU wQj ivR‰bwZK K…wÎgZv| GK`v `yB evsjvq gvby‡li DfqgyLx cÖev‡ni Kvi‡Y Dfq evsjvi f‚‡Mv‡j RbwgwZi cybwe©b¨vm cÖ‡qvRb c‡owQj| Avi ¯^vaxbZv-cieZx© evsjv‡`‡ki Af¨šÍixY f‚‡Mv‡j †mB RbwgwZK cybwe©b¨vm cÖwµqvwUB mPj _v‡K| RbwgwZK cybwe©b¨vmRwbZ mvgvwRK ¯’vbvšÍiY cÖwµqvwU cÖKUfv‡e wPwýZ n‡q Av‡Q Avevmf‚wg‡Z| G-Dcb¨v‡m gvby‡li ¯’vbvšÍi‡Yi KviYwU A_©‰bwZK cÖavbZ, GUv Ici`„wó‡Z g‡b nq; wKš‘, AZx‡Zi mvgwMÖK RbwgwZK cybwe©b¨vm cÖwµqvi c‡ivÿ cÖfve GLv‡b wQj| †Kbbv, IB cwiw¯’wZ evsjv‡`‡ki A_©bxwZ I ivRbxwZB e`‡j w`‡qwQj| d‡j gvby‡li ¯’vbvšÍiRwbZ m¤ú‡K©i †h-msKU ZvI Avevmf‚wg‡Z cÖKUfv‡eB wPwýZ| GB cÖwµqvq cvi¯úwiK AvZ¥xKiY (assimilation) bv n‡j gvby‡li µg-m¤ú‡K©i msKUwU e¨w³i wKsev †Mvôxi wew”QbœZv‡eva‡K (alienation) Dm‡K w`‡Z cv‡i| Ggb wew”QbœZv‡eva e¨vcKZi n‡j mvgvwRK I ivwóªK ˆbivR¨RbK cwiw¯’wZ ˆZwi n‡Z cv‡i| Ges GUv wbwðZ K‡i ejv hvq †h, eZ©gvb evsjv‡`‡ki mgvR I ivóªe¨e¯’vi g‡a¨ †h ˆbivR¨RbK cwiw¯’wZ weivR Ki‡Q Zv Avevmf‚wg‡Z †h mgvRiƒcvšÍi cÖwµqv wPwýZ, †Zgb cÖwµqvi ga¨ w`‡qB G‡m‡Q| myZivs Avevmf‚wgi †mB wPýwU‡K evsjv‡`‡ki mgvR-iƒcvšÍ‡ii (Social Change) KvjwPý ejv hvq| Avevmf‚wgi wbwPšÍvcy‡ii mgvRe¨e¯’vi bvbvgyLx cwieZ©b †mLvbKvi mgvRKvVv‡gv‡Z cÖ Z ¨ÿ AwfNvZ nv‡b| Avey j Kvjvg

GK`v `yB evsjvq gvby‡li DfqgyLx cÖev‡ni Kvi‡Y Dfq evsjvi f‚‡Mv‡j RbwgwZi cybwe©b¨vm cÖ‡qvRb c‡owQj| Avi ¯^vaxbZv-cieZx© evsjv‡`‡ki Af¨šÍixY f‚‡Mv‡j †mB RbwgwZK cybwe©b¨vm cÖwµqvwUB mPj _v‡K| 33

†mB cwiw¯’wZ‡Z wbwPšÍvcy‡i cÖ‡ek K‡ib| Aveyj Kvjv‡gi ¯’vbvšÍiY nq evsjv‡`‡ki DËiv‡j GKwU †Rjv †_‡K ivRavbx XvKvq Ges †mLvb †_‡K XvKvi cv‡ki bvivqYM‡Äi wWGbwW euvavf¨šÍ‡i Rjve× wbwPšÍvcy‡i| ZLb evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv-cieZx© A_©bxwZi bqv euvK, †mBm‡½ ivRbxwZi `ye©„Ëvqb m¤ú‡K©i msK‡Ui Av¸‡b wN Xv‡j| wbwPšÍvcy‡i †jvK Av‡m †bvqvLvjx, ewikvj, Kzwgjøv †_‡K, hviv RxweKvi Rb¨ XvKvq cvwo Rgv‡bv †jvK; wKš‘ XvKvi A_©‰bwZK Rxe‡b Lvc LvIqv‡Z mg_© bq| wKš‘ Zviv hLb wbwPšÍvcy‡i, wbwPšÍvcy‡ii gvby‡li Kv‡Q ZvivB Ôˆe‡`k¨v gvbylÕ| wRÁvmv n‡Z cv‡i, Ggb cwiw¯’wZ‡K Kxfv‡e mv¤úª`vwqKZvi m‡½ †gjv‡bv hvq? Avwg ewj Ñ †Kb bq? GB †Zv AÂjMZ mv¤úª`vwqKZvi P‚ovšÍ cÖKvk| wbwPšÍvcy‡ii gvbyl †hgb, †ZgbB ewikvj, †bvqvLvjx, Kzwgjøvi †jvK¸‡jv Zv‡`i Rb¥MÖvg ev A‡ji cÖwZ Zv‡`i AšÍi¯’ fzj‡Z cv‡i bv| d‡j Zviv wbwPšÍvcy‡i emevm K‡iI ewikvj wKsev †bvqvLvjxB Zv‡`i Ô†`kÕ| f‚wgwfwËK RvZxqZv †PZbvi g~j i‡q‡Q GB Rb¥v‡ji cÖwZ AvZ¥w¯’Z Mfxi ms‡hvM †ev‡ai †fZi| m¤¢eZ, Ggb †PZbv‡eva †_‡KB G‡mwQj Ôevsjv‡`k RvZxqZvÕ‡eva I Ôevsjv‡`wk bvMwiKZvÕi †eva| wKš‘ BwZnvm mvÿx, evsjv‡`‡ki D‡b¥l n‡qwQj ms¯‹…wZwfwËK RvZxqZv‡ev‡a| myZivs GB ¯’vwbK RvZxqZvi †fZi †h eû¯’vwbK RvZxqZvi we`¨gvbZv Zv RvZxq I mvgvwRK msnwZ‡K e¨vnZ Ki‡Z f‚wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡i| ms¯‹…wZwfwËK RvZxqZv w`‡q Ggb msnwZi msKU Ac‡bvw`Z Kiv m¤¢e wQj| Rb¥¯’v‡bi cÖwZ AvZ¥mgvwnZ AbyfewU mvs¯‹…wZK wewbgq wKsev mvs¯‹…wZK AvZ¥xKi‡Yi AšÍivq n‡q‡Q, nq-B| GB mgm¨vwU †h †Kej bMi‡Kw›`ªK gvby‡li m‡PZbZvi Ask Zv bq, GUv ZZw`‡b evsjvi MÖv‡g MÖv‡g, cÖZ¨šÍ †Kv‡Y we¯Ívi jvf K‡i‡Q| d‡j, evsjv‡`kRy‡oB gvby‡li m¤ú‡K©i msnwZ msK‡U c‡o‡Q| Dcb¨vm Avevmf‚wg †mw`‡K mgvRZvwË¡‡Ki `„wó †divq| ¯’vbvšÍiYRwbZ m¤ú‡K©i mgm¨vwUi m‡½ hLb ag©wek^vmwfwËK I ivR‰bwZK gZv`k©MZ †giæKiY N‡U, ZLb Gi ïkÖƒlv nIqvi m¤¢vebv ÿxY n‡Z _v‡K, Ab¨_vq GwU mvgvwRK MwZkxjZvi (social dynamics) m‡½ mvhyR¨c~Y© cwiw¯’wZB| GLb hw` wbwPšÍvcy‡ii K_v Av‡jv‡P¨ Avbv hvq Z‡e Kx †`Le? †mLvbKvi cwiw¯’wZUv Kx, Aby‡gq? wbwPšÍvcy‡ii gvbyl‡`i cvi¯úwiK mvs¯‹…wZK AvZ¥xKi‡Y AivR‰bwZK cÖwZwµqvwU cÖwZeÜK wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i‡Q| wbwðZfv‡eB †mLv‡b GLb †mB ivR‰bwZK wefvRbwUB cÖKU, hv GLb mgMÖ evsjv‡`‡ki gvby‡liB m¤ú‡K©i iƒcveqe Rvwb‡q w`‡”Q| Õ71-Gi ¯^vaxbZvwe‡ivax Avigvb ¯^vaxbZvi c‡i ÿgZv KvVv‡gvq `„p nq, hw`I ZLbB Zvi ivR‰bwZK gZv`‡k©i cÖKvkwU †m K‡i bv, wKš‘ beŸB-cieZx© mg‡q evsjv‡`‡k ax‡i-ax‡i †h agx©q DMÖZv e„w× †c‡q‡Q Zvi †cQ‡b Avigvb‡`i cÖZ¨ÿ f‚wgKv Avgv‡`i †PvL Govq bv| evsjv‡`‡ki gvby‡li mvgvwRK m¤ú‡K©i †h-KviY¸‡jv cÖavbiƒ‡c wPwýZ Zvi g‡a¨ †hgb mv¤úª`vwqK †PZbvi (agx©q I AvÂwjK ev f‚wgwfwËK) cÖfve, A_©bxwZi bqv †gvo Z_v wkívqb I cyuwRi weKv‡ki c‡_ bMivq‡Yi cÖfve I MÖvg¸‡jviI bMigvbm MVb hv g~jZ mgvR weKv‡ki avivq ¯^vfvweK cÖeYZvB e‡U| ¯^vfvweK cÖeYZvq mgvR weKwkZ n‡j †h-†Kv‡bv cwieZ©‡bi aviv‡ZB cwiewZ©Z mgvRKvVv‡gv ev mvgvwRK m¤úK©wU GKwU wbw`©ó aib (c¨vUvb©) †c‡q hvq| †Kbbv, †mLv‡b mvs¯‹…wZK GKwU cÖKiY ˆZwi nq| wKš‘ evsjv‡`‡k GB wØwea KviY wµqvkxj _vKvq mgvRKvVv‡gvi GKwU mywbw`©ó aib ¯’vqx n‡Z cv‡iwb Ges cvi‡Q

34

bv| GLv‡b ivR‰bwZK I mv¤úª`vwqK m¤ú‡K©i `ywU †giæ‡Z gvby‡liv hLb wefvwRZ ZLb mgvRK…Z Ab¨vb¨ m¤úK©m~ÎI ÿz`ª-ÿz`ª cwim‡i wµqvkxj i‡q‡Q (A_©‰bwZK m¤úK©¸‡jv we‡kl D‡jøL¨), d‡j m¤ú‡K©i †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó cÖKiY w¯’iK…Z n‡”Q bv|m¤ú‡K©i †fZ‡ii Av¯’vi msKUwU gvbyl‡K GKv K‡i w`‡”Q mvgvwRK wew”QbœZv †ev‡a| cÖwZwôZ mvgvwRK g~j¨‡eva¸‡jv hLb gvby‡li m¤ú‡K©i Av¯’vi wfwË n‡Z cvi‡Q bv, ZLb agx©q g~j¨‡eva¸‡jv Zvi Av¯’vi ¯’vbwU †_‡K wePz¨Z n‡”Q| d‡j mvs¯‹…wZK Uvbvc‡obwU gvby‡li m¤ú‡K©i AmyLiƒ‡c cÖKwUZ n‡q Av‡Q| Avevmf‚wg GgbB GKwU Avfvmwea„Z K¨vbfvm| mgvR cwieZ©‡bi ¯^vfvweK avivwU Kxfv‡e wbwPšÍvcy‡ii gvby‡li Z_v evsjv‡`‡ki gvby‡li m¤ú‡K©i msKUwU‡K wRB‡q †i‡L‡Q †`Le| †`Le mvs¯‹…wZK Uvbvc‡o‡bi ¯^iƒcwUI| wbwPšÍvcy‡ii gvby‡li m‡½ ¯’vbvšÍwiZ gvbyl¸‡jvi (Kvjvgmn A‡b‡KB) m¤úK© eû eQ‡iI Kv‡Qi n‡Z cv‡i bv| m¤ú‡K©i GB msK‡Ui †cQ‡b ivR‰bwZK KviY¸‡jv Mfx‡i KvR K‡i‡Q e‡U, wKš‘ cÖZ¨‡ÿ †_‡K‡Q mgvR-A_©‰bwZK wbivcËvi Afve| ¯^vaxbZv-cieZx© `ywf©ÿ †hgb gvbyl‡`i Aw¯’i K‡i‡Q, Zv‡`i DrcvwUZ K‡i‡Q Rb¥f‚wgg~j †_‡K, †ZgbB wbwPšÍvcy‡ii gvbyl‡`i Kv‡Q ewnivMZiv mgvR ¯^v”Q‡›`¨i cÖwZ‡hvMx wn‡m‡e mve¨¯Í n‡q‡Q| d‡j Zviv Kv‡Qi n‡Z cv‡iwb| cvi¯úwiK Awek^v‡mi cÖeYZvq Zv nIqv Lye mnRI wQj bv, †Kbbv, †mLv‡b e¨w³, mvgvwRK I ivR‰bwZK ¯^v_©MZ bZzb mgxKiY, bZzb A_©bxwZi MwZgyL ˆZwi K‡i‡Q| Avi GB cvi¯úwiK Awek^vm wRB‡q ivLv Kv‡iv-Kv‡iv Rb¨ jvfRbK n‡q‡Q, hv ¯’vwbK ÿgZvKvVv‡gvi †K›`ª `L‡jI wjfvi wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i‡Q| GKw`‡K †hgb XvKvi wbgœwe‡Ëi gvbyl msMÖv‡g civ¯Í n‡q wbwPšÍvcy‡i hvq Avevi wbwPšÍvcy‡ii gvbyl‡KI msMÖv‡gi c‡_ XvKvgyLx n‡Z nq| †mLvbKvi gvbyl¸‡jvi ga¨Kvi e‡bw` hvcbg~jK A_©‰bwZK-†ckvwfwËK m¤úK©¸‡jvI †f‡O hvq| wWGbwW euva †mLv‡b ¯’vqx Rjve×Zvi gva¨‡g wbwPšÍvcy‡ii K…wl-KvVv‡gv‡KI webó K‡i| d‡j, K…wl-Drcv`bnxb gvbyl¸‡jv RxweKvi Rb¨ knigyLx n‡j, †mLv‡b Zviv gy‡LvgywL nq wewPÎ kVZvi| G‡`i ga¨ †_‡KB †ewi‡q Av‡m GK`j my‡hvMmÜvbx, `vjvj †kÖwYi gvbyl hviv ¯’vbxq ÿgZvKvVv‡gvi wbqš¿Y wb‡Z m‡Pó| GB my‡hvMUvI Av‡m A_©‰bwZK cwieZ©bkxjZvi ga¨ w`‡q| XvKv‡K m¤úªmvi‡Yi m¤¢vebv, wbwPšÍvcy‡ii Dckni n‡q-IVvi cÖZ¨vkv Ges †mLvbKvi K…wlf‚wgi wbõjv nIqv †mLvbKvi f‚wg-e¨e¯’vcbvq bZzb †gvo `vb K‡i| K…wl-Drcv`‡b f‚wgi †Kv‡bv cÖ‡qvRbxqZv bv _vK‡j cwZZ f‚wgi DrK…ó Dc‡hvM ˆZwi nq bqv emwZi Rb¨, kni m¤úªmvi‡Yi I wkívq‡bi ¯’vb msKzjvb Ki‡Z| d‡j Rwgi `vg ev‡o û-û K‡i| GB cÖeYZvq `vjvj †kÖwYi nv‡Z †hgb bZzb AvMZ †jv‡Kiv V‡K, †Zgwb Zv‡`i eû eQ‡ii cÖwZ‡ekx‡KI Zviv VKv‡Z wcQcv nq bv| d‡j m¤ú‡K©i †fZ‡ii Awek^vmwU AZ¨šÍ Mfx‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i| m¤ú‡K©i m‡½ fv‡O †mLvbKvi mgv‡R cÖPwjZ cvi¯úwiK kÖ×v I g~j¨‡ev‡ai mvgvwRK wbivcËv †eóbx| g~j¨‡ev‡ai m‡½-m‡½ wbwPšÍvcy‡ii gvby‡li ˆbwZK‡eva I Acivci gvbweK‡eva¸‡jvI wZ‡ivwnZ n‡Z _v‡K| AvZ¥¯^v_©ZvwoZ wbwPšÍvcy‡ii gvbyl †h-Kvi‡Y avb‡ÿ‡Zi †fZi †Kv‡bv wec`MÖ¯Í, wecbœ gvbyl‡K †d‡j w`e¨ P‡j †h‡Z cv‡i Kv‡Ri mÜv‡b| mymsnZ mgvRKvVv‡gv mvgvwRK wbivcËvi c~e©kZ© wbðqB| wKš‘ AvšÍtm¤úK©nxb GB gvbyl¸‡jv †Kgb Awbivc` n‡q I‡V! Zviv †hgb iv¯Ívq, †Zgwb evmvevwo‡ZI Awbivc` I GKv| d‡j Ggb cwiw¯’ w Z‡Z

mvgvwRK wbqš¿‡Yi (social control) †Kv‡bv DcKiYB Avi Kvh©Ki _v‡K bv| wbwPšÍvcyi MÖv‡g mgvR-ivR‰bwZK `ye©„Ëvq‡bi m‡½ Avg`vwb nq mš¿v‡mi g‡Zv Mfxi mvgvwRK Amy‡Li| mvgvwRK msnwZi Zxeª msK‡U P‚ovšÍ wew”QbœZv‡ev‡ai wkKvi nq wbwPšÍvcy‡ii gvbyl, †Kej bqv emwZi Aveyj Kvjv‡givB bq, ¯’vbxq Lv‡jK gvZei, mvjy I RvgvjivI| fvmgvb kÖgRxex gvbyl hviv mKv‡j kn‡i hvq I mܨvq wd‡i Av‡m Zv‡`i evB‡iI K…wl‡ckvi e„n`sk gvbyl K…wl fz‡j bZzb †ckvi m‡½ Dc‡hvwRZ nq, D™¢e nq e¨emvmn wewPÎ †ckvi I †kÖwYi gvbyl| GB Dc‡hvRbI wbwPšÍvcy‡ii mgvRm¤ú‡K©i Ic‡i cÖZ¨ÿ cÖfve †d‡j, †mLv‡bI kVZvi gva¨‡g AwaK myweav‡fv‡Mi cÖeYZv jÿYxq| d‡j wbwPšÍvcyi Z_v evsjv‡`‡ki gvby‡li e‡bw` K…wlwfwËK m¤úK©KvVv‡gv Z_v mgvRKvVv‡gv †f‡O hvq Avi bZzbZi wkíweKv‡kvb¥yL mgv‡R bZzb m¤úK©KvVv‡gvwUI ¯’vqxiƒc wb‡Z cv‡i bv| wbwPšÍvcyi †hgb, †Zgwb cy‡iv evsjv‡`kB eûgyLx `ybx©wZi Avavi n‡q I‡V| 1975 mvj-cieZx© evsjv‡`‡k mgvR-mvs¯‹…wZK I ivóªxq Rxe‡b GK Dj‡Uv i‡_i hvÎv ïiæ nq| wbwðZfv‡eB Zv evsjv‡`‡ki gvby‡li eûw`‡bi jvwjZ Kvw•ÿZ mgvRMV‡bi wecixZ hvÎv| evsjv‡`‡ki gvby‡li `xN© ¯^vaxbZv-msMÖv‡gi i³ÿqx Ae`vb‡K GB ÔwecixZ cÖevnÕ e¨_©Zvi ¯§viK wn‡m‡e BwZnv‡m Gu‡K †`Iqvi GK Mfxi lohš¿g~jK cÖ‡Póv| mgvR-ms¯‹…wZi cwieZ©b cÖwµqv GKwU ¯^Ztù‚Z© cÖwµqv| wKš‘ evsjv‡`‡ki mgvR cwieZ©‡bi †ÿ‡Î †Ljv n‡q‡Q GKwU cwiKwíZ ivR‰bwZK †Ljv| ¯^vfvweKZvq mgv‡Ri Af¨šÍixY cÖwZôvb¸‡jvi wµqvkxjZvi Kvh©KviY m~‡ÎB Zv wbqZ cwieZ©‡bi ga¨ w`‡q cÖMwZkxj _v‡K| Ges Zv `xN© Kvjcwiµgvi e¨vcvi| wKš‘ hLb †Kv‡bv mgv‡Ri ms¯‹…wZ‡K nVvr D‡Ïk¨cÖ‡Yvw`Zfv‡e, cwiKwíZfv‡e e`‡j †`Iqvi cÖ‡Póv P‡j ZLb Zv †h `yiwfmwÜg~jK wbwðZfv‡eB ejv hvq| evsjv‡`‡k GB NUbv¸‡jv evsjv‡`‡ki, evOvwji GKwU mywbw`©ó cÖKiY ˆZwi n‡Z †`q bv| evOvwj‡`i mvs¯‹…wZK avivwU‡K iÿv Ki‡Z †h `xN© cÖ‡Póv, Zv Õ52 †_‡K Õ71-Gi Kvje¨vw߇Z cÖKv‡k¨ ivR‰bwZKfv‡eB Kiv n‡Z _v‡K Ges Õ71-Gi ivR‰bwZK I †fŠ‡MvwjK ¯^vaxbZv jv‡fi c‡i Zv Av‡iv mnR nIqvi K_v wQj; wKš‘ Zv n‡Z cv‡iwb| GLv‡b mgvR cwieZ©‡bi wØgyLx ivRbxwZ wµqvkxj †_‡K‡Q| Dcb¨vm Avevmf‚wg †h-Kvje¨vw߇K wPwÎZ K‡i‡Q †mB mgqL‡Ð evsjv‡`‡ki ZrKv‡ji kvmbcÖavb wRqvDi ingvb evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^bvgab¨ eyw×Rxex I ms¯‹…wZKgx©‡`i †W‡K wb‡q e‡jwQ‡jb Ñ Ô Avmyb, Avgiv Avgv‡`i ms¯‹…wZ ˆZwi KwiÕ (m~Î : Iqvwn`yj n‡Ki cÖeÜ msKjb †PZbv avivq G‡mv)| GwU wK fxlY A™¢zZ I `yiwfmwÜg~jK cÖ¯Íve bq? GwU wbtmsk‡q Õ71 mv‡ji i³ÿqx msMÖv‡gi cwicš’x cÖeYZv I cÖ‡Póv| Gi `xN© mgqKv‡ji †cÖÿvcU c~‡e©B Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| G mgqKv‡ji ivR‰bwZK NUbvcÖevn mv¤úª`vwqK ex‡Ri D˜MZ e„‡ÿi kvLv-cÖkvLv I djkÖæwZ| wbwPšÍvcy‡ii AvigvbI †hb GB cwi‡cÖwÿ‡ZB ﮋPz‡j †Zj †c‡Z ZvRv n‡q D‡V‡Q| evOvwji wKsev evsjv‡`‡ki gvby‡li †h bZzb ms¯‹…wZ ˆZwii cÖ¯Íve †`Iqv n‡jv, Zv‡Z cÖkœ GB †h, evsjv‡`‡ki gvbyl wK Z‡e ms¯‹…wZnxb wQj GZw`b?

GZw`‡bi ¯^xK…Z evOvwj ms¯‹…wZi Z‡e Kx n‡jv? cÖK…Z mZ¨ n‡jv †h, mnmªvwaK eQi c~e©Kvj †_‡K wewfbœ bv‡gi Avei‡Y evsjv‡`k bv‡gi GB f‚L‡Ði gvby‡li wbR¯^ AvZ¥cwiP‡qi ms¯‹…wZ wbwg©Z n‡q‡Q, cÖwZwôZ n‡q‡Q Zv‡`i ms¯‹…wZwfwËK AvZ¥cwiPq ÔevOvwjÕ| d‡j †mB cÖ¯ÍvewU †h GKwU RvwZi Rb¨

wbwPšÍvcyiB evsjv‡`‡ki iƒcK n‡q I‡V| †Kbbv, wbwPšÍvcy‡ii mgvRivR‰bwZK ÿgZvKvVv‡gvi †h bZzb mgxKiY ˆZwi nq Zv GB lohš¿cÖm~ZB| †mLv‡b †`wL 1971 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡ki gvby‡li gyw³ msMÖv‡gi we‡ivwaZvKvix gvbeZvwe‡ivax ivóª cvwK¯Ív‡bi †`vmi ÔivRvKviÕL¨vZ Avigvb ÿgZvKvVv‡gv‡Z m`‡c© cÖwZwôZ n‡”Q, wKš‘ wecix‡Z MYgvby‡li gyw³Kvgx, mvg¨ev`x ivRbxwZi PP©vKvix gyw³‡hv×v Aveyj Kvjvg †mB ivRvKv‡ii Kv‡Q Ac`¯’ n‡”Q| Kx Mfxi lohš¿g~jK Zv cÖvq AKíbxq, Z_vwc Zv evsjv‡`‡kiB mgvR-ivR‰bwZK ev¯ÍeZv| GB kÎæwUI cÖK…Zc‡ÿ A‡bK Av‡MB wPwýZ n‡qwQj e‡jB `xN© GK msMÖv‡gi c_ cvwo w`‡Z n‡q‡Q| Avi wbwPšÍvcy‡ii mgvRKvVv‡gvI †mB Mfxi loh‡š¿i evB‡i _vKv m¤¢e wQj bv| d‡j, wbwPšÍvcyiB evsjv‡`‡ki iƒcK n‡q I‡V| †Kbbv, wbwPšÍvcy‡ii mgvR-ivR‰bwZK ÿgZvKvVv‡gvi †h bZzb mgxKiY ˆZwi nq Zv GB lohš¿cÖm~ZB| †mLv‡b †`wL 1971 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡ki gvby‡li gyw³ msMÖv‡gi we‡ivwaZvKvix gvbeZvwe‡ivax ivóª cvwK¯Ív‡bi †`vmi ÔivRvKviÕL¨vZ Avigvb ÿgZvKvVv‡gv‡Z m`‡c© cÖwZwôZ n‡”Q, wKš‘ wecix‡Z MYgvby‡li gyw³Kvgx, mvg¨ev`x ivRbxwZi PP©vKvix gyw³‡hv×v Aveyj Kvjvg †mB ivRvKv‡ii Kv‡Q Ac`¯’ n‡”Q| Ab¨w`‡K Avigvb wbwPšÍvcy‡ii mgvR-ivR‰bwZK ÿgZvi cÖavb wbqš¿YKvix n‡q I‡V, n‡q I‡V mš¿v‡mi c„ô‡cvlK| Gme wµqvKv‡Ði Avov‡j AvšÍR©vwZK I †`kxq mv¤úª`vwqK, mvgªvR¨we¯Ívix ivR‰bwZK kw³ †h wµqvkxj wQj ZvI Rvbv n‡q‡Q| cybiæ‡jøL¨, weªwUk kvmbvgj †_‡K GB Dcgnv‡`kxq A‡j cyuwRev`x A_©bxwZi weKv‡ki ci cvwK¯Ívb †_‡K Avjv`v n‡q ZLb m‡egvÎ evsjv‡`kI cyuwRev`x A_©bxwZi weKv‡kvb¥yL GKwU ivóª| ivóª ¯^qs cyuwRi weKv‡k mnvqK f‚wgKv cvjb Ki‡Q| GwU ¯^Ztwm× †h, cyuwRe¨e¯’vi cÖavb I GKgvÎ b¨vqbxwZ ev e¨emvwqK ˆbwZKZvi g~j K_v n‡jv ÔgybvdvÕ| myZivs XvKvi wkícwZ Zvi cyuwRi myiÿvq I gybvdvi cÖwµqv‡K wbwðZ Ki‡Z wbwPšÍvcy‡ii mš¿vmx‡`i Ic‡iB wbf©i K‡i, †`vmi K‡i ivRvKvi Avigvb‡K| Gfv‡eB cyuwR †Kej gybvdv‡K g~jbxwZ K‡i ivóªxq I mvgvwRK g~j¨‡eva, Av`k© I bxwZ¸‡jv‡K RjvÄwj w`‡Z cv‡i| mvgvwRK, ivR‰bwZK †giæKi‡Y GLv‡b ms¯‹…wZMZ Av`k©‡K Kv‡R jvMv‡bv nqwb, eis Kv‡R jvMv‡bv n‡q‡Q ag© I cÖwZ‡ekx iv‡óªi m‡½ ivR‰bwZK m¤úK©RwbZ Abyfw‚ Z‡K| mvgvwRK wefvRb (mgvR m¤ú‡K©iI wbðqB) ˆZwi‡Z †h nvwZqvi¸‡jv‡K Kv‡R jvMv‡bv n‡qwQj Zvi g‡a¨ ag© Ab¨Zg cÖavb wQj| †mwU wQj RvwZi m‡½

35

GK KzrwmZZg cÖZviYv, ivóªxq ÿgZvi Avavi †_‡KB| cywu Rev`x A_©bxwZ‡Z cywu Ri gvwjK Av‡iv †ewk abevb n‡e Avi Aci c‡ÿ AwaKvsk RbMY n‡e m¤ú`nxb, Pig `wi`ª, me©nviv, mvgvwRK DØv¯‘, GUvB `¯‘i| wKš‘ GB `yeË„© iv †Kej cywu R bq, iv‡óªi kvmbÿgZv KzwÿMZ Ki‡Z Pig cÖZviYvi AvkÖq MÖnY K‡i| fv‡O gvby‡li mvgvwRK-mvs¯‹w… ZK m¤ú‡K©i, cvi¯úwiK wek^v‡mi wfZ-eÜbI| hw`I ivRbxwZi cÖ‡kœ evsjv‡`‡ki gvbyl‡`i msnZ n‡Z †`Lv †M‡Q †ek K‡qKeviB| wKš‘ Zv‡Z mvgvwRK m¤ú‡K©i Amy‡L †Kv‡bv ïkÖƒlv nqwb| eis mvgvwRK wefvRb bZzb †gvo wb‡q‡Q| gvby‡liv cwiwPZ n‡q‡Q ivR‰bwZK `‡ji cwiP‡q| †mLv‡b A_©‰bwZK Kvi‡Y wKsev hvcbRwbZ Kvi‡Y cvi¯úwiK mn‡hvwMZvi wfwˇZ mvgvwRK msnwZ Avi ˆZwi nqwb| gvby‡li ivR‰bwZK cwiPq n‡q‡Q Zvi hveZxq myweav AR©b I Amyweav †fv‡Mi wbqvgK| d‡j m¤ú‡K©i msKUwUB evsjv‡`‡ki mgvRKvVv‡gv‡Z cÖavbZg msKU wn‡m‡e GL‡bv wPwýZ n‡q Av‡Q| evsjv‡`‡ki gvby‡li m¤ú‡K©i msK‡Ui Av‡iKwU KviY¯^iƒc n‡jv gvby‡li f‚wgwePz¨Z nIqv, wkKowenxb Rbmgwói mvgvwRK Ae¯’vb I mgvRev¯ÍeZv| GB ev¯ÍeZv mvs¯‹w… ZK cybwe©b¨vm cÖwµqv‡KI wec‡` †d‡j †`q| mvs¯‹w… ZK cybwe©b¨vm cÖwµqvq ms¯‹w… ZKiY (acculturation) I mvs¯‹w… ZK mswgkÖ‡Y (assimilation) kZ eQi wKsev nvRvi eQ‡ii ch©vq cvwo w`‡Z nq, Zv gvbeeskci¤úivq nq| †mLv‡b mZZ ¯’vbvšÍwiZ, Db¥~j gvby‡li mvs¯‹w… ZK mswgkÖYwU Kxfv‡e n‡e! eo‡Rvi Zviv ms¯‹w… ZMZfv‡e Dc‡hvwRZ n‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘, mvs¯‹w… ZK Dc‡hvRb (adaptation) cÖwµqvwU A‡cÿvK…Z ¯^íKvwjK Ges g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e Dc‡hvRb cÖwµqvwU Aek¨B ¯^Ztù‚Z© bq| hLb †KD †Kv‡bv ¯’vb-Kv‡ji mgvR I ms¯‹w… Zi m‡½ Dc‡hvwRZ n‡Z Pvq, ZLb †m Aek¨B eva¨ n‡q GB c`‡ÿc †bq| KL‡bv GB eva¨evaKZv Av‡m Aci Kv‡iv KvQ †_‡K, n‡Z cv‡i Zv kvmK †Mvôxi cÿ †_‡K, mgv‡Ri wKsev cÖwZôvb¸‡jvi KZ…c © ‡ÿi KvQ †_‡K wKsev †Kv‡bv cÖfvekvjx e¨w³e‡M©i Kv‡Q †_‡K| myZivs ejvB hvq †h, Dc‡hvRb cÖwµqvq `gb-cxo‡bi (coercion) GKwU e¨vcvi Aek¨B _v‡K| GwU mvgvwRK cÖwµqvi GKwU Acm„wZ| wKš‘ cÖvK…wZK Kvi‡YI Dc‡hvwRZ n‡Z eva¨ n‡Z cv‡i gvbyl| wKš‘ ZvI ZvrÿwYK cÖwZwµqvq bq| wbwPšÍvcy‡i †Kv‡bvUvB NUv mnR wQj bv, †Kbbv, GB cÖwµqv¸‡jvq gvby‡li m‡½ gvby‡li m¤úK© ¯’vwcZ n‡Z nq cÖ_gZ| e¨w³‡Z e¨w³‡Z wKsev †Mvôx‡Z †Mvôx‡Z Av`vb-cÖ`vb n‡Z nq| GB Av`vb-cÖ`v‡b bvbvgvwÎK cÖwZeÜKZv weivR KiwQj †mLv‡b| ïay †h wbwPšÍvcy‡iB Ggb n‡qwQj Zv bq, eis ¯^vaxbZv-DËi evsjv‡`‡ki cÖZ¨šÍ A‡jB GB cwiw¯’wZ weivR K‡i‡Q| Ges eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡ki mgv‡R †hme mgm¨v mvgvwRK msKU wn‡m‡e gvby‡li I mgvRwPšÍKM‡Yi gv_ve¨_vi KviY e‡j MY¨, Zv me GB cwiw¯’wZ †_‡KB D™¢Z ‚ ejv hvq| GB cÖwµqvq A_©‰bwZK cwieZ©bMZ cwiw¯’wZ GKwU eo AbyNUK| Avevi evsjv‡`‡ki mgvRKvVv‡gvi beiƒcvq‡Yi †ÿ‡Î A_©‰bwZK wbqš¿Yev`g~jK (m¤úª`vqMZ Av`‡k©i ivRbxwZi cÖfve Gwo‡q Zv †gv‡UI bq) (economic determinism) e¨vL¨vI Lye mn‡RB †L‡U hvq| `ªæZ cwieZ©bkxj A_©‰bwZK cwiw¯’wZ‡Z ivR‰bwZK Aw¯’wZkxjZv I `yeË„© vqb gvby‡li m¤ú‡K©i wewbg©vY cÖwµqv‡K evavMÖ¯Í K‡i‡Q cÖfZ ‚ fv‡e| GB A_©‰bwZK cwiw¯’wZ mviv †`‡kB mvgvwRK ¯’vbvšÍiY (social migration) cÖeYZv evwo‡q w`‡qwQj,

36

hv bZzbZi f‚wge¨e¯’vcbvi m¤§yLxb K‡i kvmK †Mvôx‡K| DËiv‡ji g½v, †bvqvLvjxi `ywf©ÿ, cvnvwo Rbc‡`i gvbyl‡`i RbwgwZK-ivR‰bwZK Kg©Kv‡Ði cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z kvm‡Ki f‚wgKv I Zvi d‡j †`‡ki e„nËi Rb‡Mvôxi m‡½ Zv‡`i msK‡Ui K_v we‡klfv‡e D‡jøL¨| cÖ‡Z¨K †ÿ‡ÎB mgm¨vi KviY¸‡jvi AvcvZ wfbœZv †Pv‡L co‡jI G¸‡jvi cÖ‡Z¨KwUi g‡a¨ AvšÍtm¤úK©gj ~ K mvhyR¨ Av‡Q| cÖ‡Z¨KwU ¯’v‡bB f‚wgi gvwjKvbv, f‚wgi ˆewkó¨ wKsev f‚wgi Abyrcv`bkxjZv KviY wn‡m‡e †`Lv †`q, G¸‡jv Awbevh©B gvby‡li ¯’vbvšÍiKi‡Yi Ab¨Zg gyL¨ KviY wn‡m‡e wPwýZ nIqv evÃbxq| wKš‘ Avev‡iv ejwQ, GB mgm¨v¸‡jvi g‡a¨ †_‡KI gvby‡li mvgvwRK m¤ú‡K©i mvs¯‹w… ZK mngwg©Zv M‡o IVv ¯^vfvweK wQj, evÃbxq wQj| wKš‘ Zv nqwb| m‡½ ÿgZvKvVv‡gv‡Kw›`ªK A_©‰bwZK, ivR‰bwZK cÖwZwµqv gvbyl‡`i Db¥~j K‡i‡Q e¨vcKfv‡e| cvnvwo gvbyl‡`i DcRvZxq wKsev Avw`evmx mv¤úª`vwqK Abyfw‚ Zi Abymw„ Z‡K cÖwZ‡iva Ki‡Z kvm‡Ki f‚wgKvq †`‡k e¨vcKfv‡eB gvby‡li ¯’vbvšÍiY N‡UwQj cvnv‡o| Ggb eûwea KviY wbwnZ GLv‡b| ¯’vbvšÍiY ivR‰bwZK Kvi‡Y I A_©‰bwZK Kvi‡YI| GB ¯’vbvšÍiY †Kej kni-MÖv‡gi Uvbvc‡ob bq †gv‡UB, Zv AvÂwjKZviI| GB Uvbvc‡ob wbwPšÍvcy‡iI `„ó n‡q‡Q| wbwPšÍvcy‡ii ÿgZvKvVv‡gvi cvjve`j, ivRbxwZi M‡Yk DjUv‡bv, ¯^vaxbZvwe‡ivax‡`i ivRbxwZ‡Z cybe©vmb mevB gvbyl‡`i Rb¨ gv½wjK, msnwZc~Y© mvs¯‹w… ZK cÖKiY ˆZwi‡Z cÖwZeÜK n‡q‡Q| ¯’vqx Rjve×Zvi Kvi‡Y K…wl A_©bxwZ †f‡O cov I f‚wg‡Kw›`ªK, f‚wge¨emvwfwËK bqv A_©bxwZ fxlYfv‡e Db¥~j K‡i‡Q wbwPšÍvcy‡ii gvbyl‡`i I †mLv‡b ¯’vbvšÍwiZ n‡q Avmv gvbyl‡`i| Rjve× f‚wg mgm¨v †Kej wbwPšÍvcy‡ii bq, evsjv‡`‡ki f‚wg‰ewP‡Î¨ Ggb Rjve× f‚wgi eû Ges wecyj Aw¯ÍZ¡ i‡q‡Q hvi cÖZ¨ÿ cÖfve i‡q‡Q evsjv‡`‡ki mgvR cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z| Ggb †cÖwÿ‡Z hviv wbwPšÍvcy‡ii Avw` evwm›`v Zviv †hgb bZzb K‡i Db¥~j n‡q‡Q, †ZgbB hviv evB‡i †_‡K wM‡q †mLv‡b emwZ ¯’vcb K‡i‡Q Zv‡`iI wkKo eoB AMfxi, Ges eis ejvB fv‡jv †h, Zviv cÖKZ … c‡ÿ ZL‡bv g~jnxbB †_‡K †M‡Q| †Kbbv, wbwPšÍvcy‡ii Avw` emevmKvix‡`i m‡½ Zv‡`i AvšÍtms‡hvM wKsev AšÍims‡hvM †Kv‡bvwUB n‡q I‡Vwb| GB cÖwZeÜKZv cvi¯úwiK| GB cwiw¯’wZi Aemvb nIqv m¤¢e wQj, wKš‘ mvs¯‹w… ZK I ivR‰bwZK cwieZ©‡bi wecixZ ˆeix kw³, Dj‡Uv †mªvZ wµqvkxj _vKvq Lye `ªæZB me cwiw¯’wZi e`j n‡Z _v‡K, e`j n‡q‡Q, d‡j m¤ú‡K©i msKUwU Kv‡Uwb Avi| Avi evsjv‡`‡ki mgvRKvVv‡gviI GKwU mywbw`©ó cÖKiY (pattern) GLb ch©šÍ ˆZwi nqwb| Avi mv¤úª`vwqK mgxKi‡Y I ivR‰bwZK †giæKi‡Y gvby‡li m¤ú‡K©i †h-†giæKiY nq ZvI †Kv‡bv mgv‡Ri ¯^vfvweK KvVv‡gv `vb Ki‡Z cv‡i bv, †Kbbv, mgvR Ggb mij †giæKi‡Y _v‡K bv KL‡bv| mgvR eû‰ewPΨgq GK RwUj mËv| GLv‡b eû‡kÖwYi Aw¯ÍZ¡ we`¨gvb| gvK©mxq `yB †kÖwYi (kvmK I kvwmZ wKsev cÖ‡jZvwi‡qZ I gvwjKcÿ) †giæK…Z mgvRKvVv‡gvi cÖKíwUI me©Rb¯^xK…Z n‡Z cv‡iwb| ˆewPΨgq ¯^v‡_©i eû‡kÖwYwefvwRZ mgvRB n‡jv mgvRweKv‡ki ¯^vfvweK Ae¯’v| mv¤úª`vwqK I ivR‰bwZK †giæKiY mgvR m¤ú‡K©i ˆewPΨ‡K jxb Ki‡Z cv‡i bv †kl ch©š,Í wKš‘ ˆewPΨgq m¤úK©¸‡jvi †fZ‡i wek^v‡mi, Av¯’vi †h-eÜbwU _vK‡Z nq, ivR‰bwZK-mv¤úª`vwqKZvi AvZ¥NvZx msNvZ¸‡jv †mB eÜbwU‡K webó K‡i| evsjv‡`‡kI ZvB n‡q‡Q, n‡”Q Ges Zv `ªæZB iƒcvšÍikxjZvi †fZi w`‡q G‡Mv‡”Q weavq evsjv‡`‡ki mgvRKvVv‡gvi ¯^iƒcwU wbY©q Kiv mnR bq| r

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‡K ejv nq evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i cÖvPxb I ga¨hyM, †mLv‡b wkï‡`i Rb¨ iwPZ Qov, Mí, auvav, iƒcK_v, †jvKMv_v, †jvKMxwZKv BZ¨vw` wQj wVKB, wKš‘ Zv wQj †gŠwLK Ges kÖæwZevwnZ| ZLb wkï‡K †fvjv‡bvi Rb¨ iwPZ n‡q‡Q Qov I Mvb| †QvUiv, we‡kl K‡i, evjK-evwjKviv N‡i I evB‡i †Ljv Kivi mgq GK ai‡bi †Ljvi Qov M‡o D‡V‡Q gy‡L-gy‡L| Gfv‡e †h wkïwK‡kvi mvwn‡Z¨i m„wó Zv hLb gy`ª‡Yi hy‡M G‡m †cuŠQj ZLb †m¸‡jv gyw`ªZ n‡jv wewfbœR‡bi †Póvq| PZz`©k-cÂ`k kZvãxi BD‡ivcxq mvwn‡Z¨ hv wKQy gyw`ªZ n‡q‡Q meB eo‡`i Rb¨| †QvU‡`i Rb¨I †h Avjv`v K‡i wKQy †jLvi cÖ‡qvRb Av‡Q Ñ GZ g~j¨ †`qwb †QvU‡`i| cÖvßeq‡¯‹i c„w_ex‡Z wkï‡`i Rb¨ ¯^Zš¿fv‡e g‡bv‡hvM †`Iqvi †PZbv ˆZwi nqwb| BD‡iv‡c mß`k kZvãxi wØZxqv‡a© cÖ_g wbI-K¬vwmK¨vj hy‡Mi `k©bwe`iv †QvU‡`i K_v GKUz fve‡Z ïiæ K‡ib| GB hy‡MB cÖ_g †QvU‡`i Rb¨ ¯^Zš¿ wkÿv I Avb‡›`i e¨e¯’v Kiv DwPZ, GB fvebv †`Lv w`‡jv| Bs‡iR `k©bwe` Rb jK (John Locke, 1632-1704) 1690 wLªóv‡ã cÖKvk Ki‡jb Zuvi eB A¨vb G‡m Kbmvwb©s wnDg¨vb AvÛvi÷¨vwÛs| GB MÖ‡š’B Av‡Q Zuvi ZË¡ ÔU¨veyjv ivmvÕ A_©vr k~b¨ cvZv (eø¨vsK †møU)|

wZwb ej‡jb, R‡b¥i ciB gvbyl A_©vr wkï‡`i gb _v‡K mv`v cvZvi g‡Zv| AwffveK‡`i KZ©e¨ n‡jv †mB cvZvq h_v_© aviYv¸‡jv‡K DrKxY© K‡i †`Iqv, hv‡Z Zv‡`i fwel¨r fv‡jv nq| wZwb wj‡LwQ‡jb †mB A‡gvN evK¨ Ñ †QvU‡`i †kLv‡Z n‡e †Rvi bv K‡i, Avb‡›`i ga¨ w`‡q Ñ ÔChildren may be cozened into a knowledge of the letters; be taught to read, without perceiving it to be anything but a sport, and play themselves into that which others are whipped for.Õ1

Av‡iv Avðh© †h, wZwb †QvU‡`i Rb¨ Qwemn eB ˆZwi Kivi civgk© w`‡qwQ‡jb| †QvU‡`i eB‡qi m‡½ Qwei aviYvi †mB †evanq m~ÎcvZ| Dwbk kZ‡Ki ga¨fvM †_‡K BD‡iv‡c ïiæ nq wkïmvwn‡Z¨i ¯^Y©hyM| Zvi cÖavb KviY cÖK…Zc‡ÿB wkï‡`i ¯^Zš¿ e¨w³iƒ‡c Abyfe Kivi gvbwmKZv †`Lv †`q GB mg‡q| †mBm‡½ ga¨weË †kÖwYi D™¢e, me©wkÿvi cÖmvi, KvMR Ges gy`ªYe¨e¯’vi DbœwZ, Qwei m‡½ is e¨envi Kivi cÖhyw³ BZ¨vw` cwiw¯’wZI wQj| GB avivevwnKZvq GK Avðh© ms‡hvRb nj wjDBm& K¨vi‡ji (Lewis Carroll; cÖK…Z bvg Charles Lutwidge Dodgson, 1832-98) A¨vwj‡mi Kvwnwb| eBwUi cÖKvk Bsj¨v‡Û 1885†Z| BZvjxq †jLK Kv‡j©v Kv‡jvw` (Carlo Callodi, cÖK…Z

37

bvg Carlo Loresurize, 1826-90)-iwPZ d¨v›Uvwm-Dcb¨vm w` A¨vW‡fÂvi Ae wc‡bvw°I cÖKvwkZ nq 1883-†Z| ivWBqvW© wKcwjs (1885-1936) Zuvi R½j eyK cÖKvk K‡ib 1894-†Z Ges †Rgm e¨vwii (James Barrie, 1860-1937) †jLv wcUvi A¨vÛ I‡qbwW cÖKvwkZ nq 1911 wLªóv‡ã| Qwe †`Iqv n‡Zv GB eB¸‡jvi m‡½ cÖvqB| wkïg‡bi Dc‡hvMx †jLv I Qwe-msewjZ GB eB¸‡jvi gva¨‡gB mg„× wkïmvwn‡Z¨i cÖKvk NU‡Z _v‡K| Dwbk kZ‡Ki ga¨fvM †_‡K wkïmvwnZ¨ AZ¨šÍ mg„× n‡q I‡V| evsjv mvwn‡Z¨I Dwbk kZK †_‡KB wKQy c„_K g‡bv‡hvM w`‡Z †`Lv hvq wkïmvwn‡Z¨i †ÿ‡Î| Zvi D¾¡j cÖKvk ZrKvjxb wkï-wK‡kvi cwÎKv¸‡jv| †QvU‡`i Rb¨ cÖKvwkZ cwÎKv¸‡jv‡Z Qov, †QvUMí, Mvb, Qwe, auvav GgbwK `y-GKwU wbeÜI cÖKvwkZ n‡Z ïiæ Kij| Z‡e D‡jøL¨, †mLv‡b bvUK wQj bv ej‡jB P‡j| Ebwesk kZvãxi wØZxqva© †_‡K wkïmvwn‡Z¨i w`‡K evOvwj gbxlx‡`i m‡PZbZvi cÖgvY cvIqv hvq †QvU‡`i Rb¨ cÖKvwkZ cwÎKv cwiKíbv †_‡K| G cÖm‡½ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ cwÎKv¸‡jv Ñ 1. cÖg`vPiY †mb-m¤úvw`Z mLv (cÖ_g cÖKvk Rvbyqvwi, 1883) 2. fzeb‡gvnb ivq-m¤úvw`Z mv_x (cÖ_g cÖKvk gvP©, 1893) 3. wkebv_ kv¯¿x-m¤úvw`Z gyKzj (cÖ_g cÖKvk Avlvp, 1302 e½vã, 1894 wLªóvã) 4. Ávb`vbw›`bx †`ex-m¤úvw`Z evjK (cÖ_g cÖKvk gvP©, 1885) Dwbk kZ‡Ki wkï-wK‡kvi‡`i Rb¨ cÖKvwkZ cwÎKv¸‡jvi aviv hLb wek kZ‡KI cÖevwnZ n‡q‡Q ZLb mevB †QvU‡`i D‡Ï‡k iwPZ wewfbœ †kÖwYi †jLv m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb †_‡K‡Qb| wKš‘ bvUK †mLv‡b wQj bv ej‡jB P‡j| Zvi KviY mn‡RB †evSv hvq, bvUK iƒce‡Üi c~Y©Zv g cÖ‡qvMmv‡c‡ÿ| †QvU‡`i Rb¨ †jLv hZ mnR Zv‡`i Rb¨ bvU‡Ki Av‡qvRb Kiv †mB Zzjbvq `yiƒn| †mRb¨B evsjv wkï-bvU‡Ki cÖK…Z D™¢e N‡UwQj LvwbK c‡i| G-KvRI cÖ_g K‡i †M‡Qb iex›`ªbv_, Av‡iv A‡bK wKQyi g‡ZvB| evsjvq cÖ_g wkï-bvUK cÖKvwkZ nq evjK cwÎKvi c„ôvq| bvUKwU gyKzU| gyKzU AwfbxZ n‡qwQj †Rvovmuv‡Kv VvKzievwo‡Z| †Rvovmuv‡Kv VvKzievwo evsjv mvs¯‹…wZK BwZnv‡m m~Pbv K‡iwQj ce©všÍi| wkï‡`i Rb¨ bvUK gÂvq‡bi †ÿ‡ÎI VvKzievwoi cwigÐj I iex›`ªbv‡_i AMÖYx f‚wgKv ¯§iY‡hvM¨| †QvU‡`i Rb¨ †jLv iex›`ªbv‡_i bvUK¸‡jvi Av‡jvPbvi Av‡M Avgiv wkï-bvU‡Ki ˆewk󨸇jv ey‡S wb‡Z PvB| GK-K_vq wkï-bvUK nj wkï‡`i g‡bvweKv‡ki mnvqK bvUK| wkï-bvUK m¤ú~Y© Avjv`v GKwU wkí, hv wbR a‡g©i Kvi‡YB Ab¨vb¨ bvU‡Ki †_‡K ¯^Zš¿| †WwfW D‡Wi w_‡qUvi di wPj‡Wªb MÖ‡š’ G-m¤ú‡K© wb‡`©k Av‡Q Ñ Theatre for children is a separate art form with qualities that make it quite distinct from adult theatre.

It is not simplified adult theatre; it has its own dynamics and its own rewards. Quality theatre for children is valuable in that it opens the door for children to a new world of excitement and imagination.3

IB MÖ‡š’ wZwb wkï‡`i bv‡U¨i K‡qKwU ˆewk‡ó¨i cÖwZI

38

Av‡jvKcvZ K‡i‡Qb| †hgb wkïbv‡U¨ Avb›`B gyL¨ welq| m‡½ _vK‡e gRvi Dcv`vb| wkïiv Kíbvi RM‡Z wePiY Ki‡Z fv‡jvev‡m| wkïgvÎB KíbvcÖeY| bvU‡Ki welq I PwiÎiv †hb Zvi KvíwbK we‡k¦ Wvbv †gj‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| wkïi mnRvZ Pvwn`v, NUbvi nVvr cwieZ©b| wkï-bvU‡K cwiwgZ fq ev D‡ËRbvi cwi‡ek _vK‡ZB cv‡i| Zv‡Z bvUKwU †`‡L ev c‡o wkï †ivgvwÂZ n‡Z cv‡i| wg_ ev †cŠivwYK Kvwnwb‡K bZzbfv‡e Dc¯’vwcZ K‡i wkï-bvUK †jLv n‡j wkï‡`i Kv‡Q Zv mn‡RB MÖnYxq n‡Z cv‡i| wkï Pvq, KvK, cyZzj, KzKzi, †eovj, cvwL, †cuPv, nuvm, wmsn, †kqvj, nwiY BZ¨vw` RxeRš‘ Zvi m‡½ K_v ejyK| ivg, iveY, Rv¤^yevb, nbygvb mevB Zv‡`i g‡Zv AvPvi-AvPiY KiæK| G‡ÿ‡Î †Q‡j‡ejvi iƒcK_v ev e¨½gv-e¨½wgi Mí ejvi aibwU g‡b Av‡m| wkï-bvU‡K b¨vq-Ab¨vq, mr-Am‡Zi ؇›Øi welqwUI ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| NUbvi AvKw¯§KZv, Bw½Zawg©Zv I msjv‡ci e¨Äbawg©Zvi cÖ‡qvM GB bvU‡K _vKv Pj‡e bv| D™¢U PwiÎ, D‡ËRbvq cwi‡ek f‚Z-†cÖZ, ivÿm-†Lv°m BZ¨vw` GB bvU‡K †ewk K‡i †`Lv‡j fv‡jv nq| wkï-bvU‡K wkïg‡bi Dc‡hvMx weZK© _vK‡ZB cv‡i| A_©vr †QvU‡`i Rb¨ †jLv bvU‡Ki Avjv`v GKUv iƒc‡iLv Av‡Q| Avi GKwU K_v, †QvU‡`i bvU‡Ki g~j jÿ¨ we‡bv`b ev Avb›``vb n‡jI wkïi me©v½xY weKv‡ki Rb¨ wZ‡jvËgv wkí-bv‡U¨i ÿgZv Acwimxg| wkï-wkÿvi †ÿ‡ÎI wkï-bvU‡Ki ¸iæZ¡ I cÖ‡qvRbxqZv AZzjbxq| e¯‘Z wkï-wkÿvi m‡½ wkï-bvU‡Ki m¤úK© A½vw½fv‡e RwoZ, iex›`ªbv_ AšÍZ ZvB g‡b Ki‡Zb| Rb jK& †evanq Zuvi MÖ‡š’ G-K_vB ej‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb| †QvU‡`i mvwnZ¨PP©vi Rb¨ †Rvovmuv‡Kv VvKzievwo‡Z AvZ¥cÖKvk K‡i evjK cwÎKv (ˆekvL, 1292 e½vã, 1885 wLªóvã)| mvwnZ¨-ms¯‹…wZi RM‡Z VvKzievwoi A‡bK †ÿ‡ÎB Awfbe I AMÖeZx© c`‡ÿc i‡q‡Q| G‡ÿ‡ÎI †Rvovmuv‡Kv VvKzievwoi †QvU‡`i Rb¨ g~jZ GB KvM‡Ri cÖKvk-cwiKíbv| †m-m¤ú‡K© iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi Rxeb¯§„wZ‡Z wjL‡Qb Ñ ÔevjK‡`i cvV¨ GKwU mwPÎ KvMR evwni Kwievi Rb¨ †gR‡eŠVvKzivwbi we‡kl AvMÖn Rwb¥qvwQj| Zuvnvi B”Qv wQj myax›`ª, e‡j›`ª cÖf…wZ Avgv‡`i evwoi evjKMY GB KvM‡R Avcb Avcb iPbv cÖKvk K‡i|Õ2

wkï-bvU‡K b¨vq-Ab¨vq, mr-Am‡Zi ؇›Øi welqwUI ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| NUbvi AvKw¯§KZv, Bw½Zawg©Zv I msjv‡ci e¨Äbawg©Zvi cÖ‡qvM GB bvU‡K _vKv Pj‡e bv| D™¢U PwiÎ, D‡ËRbvq cwi‡ek f‚Z-†cÖZ, ivÿm-†Lv°m BZ¨vw` GB bvU‡K †ewk K‡i †`Lv‡j fv‡jv nq| wkï-bvU‡K wkïg‡bi Dc‡hvMx weZK© _vK‡ZB cv‡i|

GB gvwmK cwÎKvwU m¤úv`‡bi `vwq‡Z¡ wQ‡jb iex›`ªbv‡_i †eŠw`w` Ávb`vbw›`bx †`ex| evjK cwÎKvq PweŸk eQ‡ii ZiæY iex›`ªbv_ †QvU‡`i Awfb‡qvc‡hvMx bvUK †jLv ïiæ Ki‡jb| evjK cwÎKvi wØZxq msL¨v †_‡K iex›`ªbv‡_i †QvU‡`i Rb¨ †jLv bvUK¸‡jv cÖKvwkZ n‡Z _v‡K| †hgb Ñ †iv‡Mi wPwKrmv (ˆR¨ô), †c‡U I wc‡V (Avlvp), Qv‡Îi cixÿv (kÖveY), Af¨_©bv (fv`ª), wPšÍvkxj (Avwk¦b I KvwZ©K), fve I Afve (AMÖnvqY), †ivMxi eÜz (†cŠl), L¨vwZi weo¤^bv (gvN), Avh© I Abvh© ˆPÎ)| fviZx cwÎKvq cÖKvwkZ nq m~²wePvi (ˆekvL, 1293), AvkÖgcxov (KvwZ©K), cyiæevK¨ (ˆPÎ), GKvbœeZx© (ˆekvL, 1294 e½vã)| GB bvUK¸‡jv cieZx©Kv‡j nvm¨‡KŠZzK bv‡g MÖš’vKv‡i cÖKvwkZ nq 1907 mv‡j| A‡šÍ¨wó mrKvi I iwmK bvUK `ywU nvm¨‡KŠZz‡K ms‡hvwRZ nq| VvKzievwoi †QvU-†QvU †Q‡j‡g‡q evwo‡Z Zv‡`i g‡Zv K‡i bvUK g¯’ KiZ| g~jZ Zv‡`i Awfb‡qi Rb¨ Ges †QvU‡`i Pvwn`v †gUv‡bvi Rb¨B iex›`ªbv_ GB ÿz`ª bvUK¸‡jv iPbv K‡iwQ‡jb| hw`I iex›`ªbv_ G¸‡jv‡K †nuqvwj bvU¨ ejvi cÿcvZx wQ‡jb| G-cÖm‡½ wZwb Avgv‡`i Rvwb‡q‡Qb, GB ÿz`ª †KŠZzKbvU¨¸wj †nuqvwjbvU¨ bvg awiqv ÔevjKÕ I ÔfviZxÕ‡Z evwni nBqvwQj| qy‡iv‡c kvivW (Charade) bvgK GKcÖKvi bvU¨‡Ljv cÖPwjZ Av‡Q, KZKUv ZvnviB AbyKi‡Y G¸wj †jLv nq|... GB †nuqvwjbv‡U¨i K‡qKwU we‡klfv‡e evjKw`M‡KB Avb›` w`evi Rb¨ wjwLZ nBqvwQj|8 ÔkvivWÕ K_vwUi DrcwË d«v‡Ý| Ôkviv‡WÕi AwfavbMZ msÁv n‡jv Ñ 1. a word represented in riddling verse or by

picture, tableau, or dramatic action.5 2. a game in which some of the players try to guess a word or phrase from the actions of another player who is not allowed to speak.6

GLv‡b iex›`ªbv‡_i e³‡e¨i cÖwZaŸwbB †kvbv hvq| AvaywbK w_‡qUv‡i wkï‡K w_‡qUvigyLx Kivi Rb¨ bvbv ai‡bi w_‡qUvi-†cø ev bvU¨‡Ljvi K_v ejv n‡q _v‡K| wbtm‡›`‡n iex›`ªbv_ †mLv‡b cw_K…r| iex›`ªbv_ Zuvi †Pv‡ÏvwU †KŠZzK-bvU‡Ki ga¨ w`‡q e¨w³gvby‡li ÿq, cZb, weK…wZ‡K wee„Z K‡i‡Qb| Qv‡Îi cixÿv bvU‡K †KŠZz‡Ki RviKi‡m RvwiZ n‡q‡Q wkÿvi AmviZv, ¸iæ-wk‡l¨i K…wÎg m¤ú‡K©i wbõjZv| iex›`ªbv_ wPiKvjB †eZ nv‡Z wkÿv`vbc×wZi we‡ivax wQ‡jb| wZwb g‡bcÖv‡Y wek¦vm Ki‡Zb †h, mvgwiK k„•Ljvi ga¨ w`‡q KL‡bv cÖK…Z wkÿv nq bv| Avb›``v‡bi gva¨‡gB wkÿv_x©‡K mwVKfv‡e wkwÿZ K‡i †Zvjv hvq| †Zgwb wkÿK KvjvPuv`evey, QvÎ gaym~`b I AwffveK Ñ GB wZbwU Pwi‡Îi ga¨ w`‡q cÖvYnxb wkÿve¨e¯’vi cÖwZ KUvÿ Kiv n‡q‡Q| ÔwmivR‡ÏŠjv‡K †K †K‡U‡Q?Õ Ñ KvjvPuv`eveyi GB cÖ‡kœi Dˇi †g‡avi mnR DËi Ô†cvKvqÕ| ÔDw™¢` Kv‡K e‡j?Õ cÖ‡kœi Dˇi †m Rvbvq Ñ Ôhv gvwU dzu‡o D‡V|Õ D`vniY wn‡m‡e e‡j Ô†Ku‡Pv|Õ Gfv‡e †m gRvi DËi w`‡q KvjvPuv`eveyi †eÎvNv‡Zi cÖwZ‡kva Zzj‡Z †P‡q‡Q| KvjvPuv`evey ˆah©Pz¨Z n‡q †g‡avi DËi ï‡b Av‡iv cÖnvi K‡i‡Qb| †evSv hvq, wZwb cÖK…Z wkÿv`v‡b AcviM| QvÎ †g‡avi eyw×i Zvwid Ki‡Z

wZwb cv‡ibwb| Zv Qvov wkÿK‡K Rã Kivi g‡a¨ Qv‡Îi †h wPiKvjxb Avb›` ZvB GLv‡b dz‡U D‡V‡Q| †iv‡Mi wPwKrmv bvU‡Ki †K‡›`ª Av‡Q †g‡avi g‡Zv Avi GKwU wK‡kvi-PwiÎ nvivab| mv‡ne Wv³v‡ii evwo †_‡K nvivab †ivR nuv‡mi wWg Pzwi Kivi †ncv Gov‡Z nuvmUv‡KB Pzwi K‡i e‡m| nuvm‡K †c‡Ui g‡a¨ jywK‡q evev‡K Rvbvq, †c‡Ui e¨v‡gvi d‡j Zvi †cU dz‡j †M‡Q| evev e¨vcviwU eyS‡Z †c‡i Zv‡K bxwZwkÿv †`Iqvi D‡Ï‡k¨ nvmcvZv‡j wb‡q hvq| G-e¨vcv‡i Zv‡K mvnvh¨ K‡i mv‡ne Wv³vi| wZwb †ivMxi e¨v‡gv eyS‡Z †c‡i nviva‡bi †cU KvU‡Z D`¨Z nb| f‡q nvivab †cU dz‡j hvIqv Ges Ku¨vKKu¨vK kã Kivi inm¨ duvm K‡i| nviva‡bi ïf †ev‡av`‡qi ga¨ w`‡q bvUK †kl nq| gaym~`b, nviva‡bi g‡Zv Avi GK wK‡kvi wZbKwoi †`Lv cvB Ñ †c‡U I wc‡V bvU‡K| †cUzK I PZzi wZbKwo †QvÆ ebgvjx‡K †evev evwb‡q m‡›`k †K‡o †L‡q‡Q| Dciš‘ wc‡V P‡cUvNvZ K‡i ebgvjx‡K wkwL‡q‡Q Ô†c‡U †L‡j wc‡V mqÕ| bvU‡Ki †k‡l †mB wZbKwo ebgvjxi evevi Kv‡Q bvbv Mí¸Re K‡i †MvMÖv‡m wc‡V †L‡q‡Q| Zvici kh¨vMZ n‡j wcwmgvi wKj nRg K‡i †m wk‡L‡Q Ñ Ôwc‡V †L‡j †c‡U mq bv|Õ G-bvU‡KI gRv Av‡Q, Av‡Q Avb›`| gaym~`b, nvivab, wZbKwo wZbRbB †h cybð Kve¨MÖ‡š’i Ô†Q‡jUvÕ KweZvi Av`‡j m„ó n‡q‡Q| IB KweZvq iex›`ªbv_ Aw¤^‡K gv÷v‡ii gyL w`‡q e‡jwQ‡jb Ñ †Q‡jUvi g‡bi K_v wVK-wVK K‡i wZwb wjL‡Z cv‡ibwb| A_P bvUK¸‡jv‡Z †mB †Q‡jivB bvqK n‡q D‡V‡Q| Zvi KviY wZwb wkïi g‡bi g‡a¨ evmv euva‡Z †P‡q‡Qb Ñ Ô†LvKvi g‡bi wVK gvSLvbwU‡Z/ Avwg hw` cvwi evmv wb‡Z|Õ wkïi fvebv, wkïi Kíbv, wkïi ¯^cœ, wkïi AvKv•ÿv Zuvi gb‡K evievi bvov w`‡q‡Q| d‡j Zuvi KweZv, wPwVcÎ, Mvb, Mí, bvUK cÖnmb cÖwZwU †ÿ‡ÎB wkïiv G‡m‡Q Ny‡i-wd‡iB| wZwb g‡b-cÖv‡Y †P‡qwQ‡jb, bvUK †hb wkï-wkÿvi A½ n‡q I‡V| ZvB kvwšÍwb‡KZ‡b †cŠl‡gjvq ev emšÍ-Drm‡e wZwb wkï‡`i wb‡q bvUK Ki‡Zb| Zuvi mg‡q Zuvi g‡Zv K‡iB wZwb wkïbv‡U¨i K_v †f‡ewQ‡jb| †mB fvebvi g‡a¨ ˆeÁvwbK wPšÍv-fvebvi cÖfve wQj| Zuvi nvm¨-†KŠZzK¸‡jv wkïi mnR, mij, m‡ZR gb‡K D¾xweZ K‡i| iex›`ªbv_ wkï-bvUK iPbvi †h-c_ Avwe®‹vi K‡ib, †mB c_ a‡iB nuvUv ïiæ Ki‡jb cieZx© wkï-bvU¨Kviiv| GB ZvwjKvq cÖ_‡gB i‡q‡Qb Aebx›`ªbv_ VvKzi| wZwb wkï‡`i Rb¨ g~jZ cvjvagx© bvwUKv iPbv K‡ib| Zuvi AšÍ‡i GK wkï †Ljv KiZ| ZvB Zuvi mvwnZ¨m„wó‡Z HwZnvwmK cvwÐZ¨ †bB, i‡q‡Q cÖv‡Yi m‡½ gvbweK I gvbwmK †mZzeÜ| AvU-`k eQi Qwe AuvKv ev` w`‡q g‡R †M‡jb bZzb GK †Ljvq| †m-†Ljv bvUK †jLv, bvUK wb‡q cixÿv-wbixÿv Kiv| bvU‡Ki m‡½ Ry‡o w`‡q‡Qb ÔcvjvÕ kãwU, †hgb Ñ D‡ovbPÐxi cvjv, gDi Qv‡ji cvjv, †Nvov nv‡Zi cvjv BZ¨vw`| Aeb VvKz‡ii GB bvUK¸‡jv‡Z wZwb Avb›``v‡bi gva¨‡g wkï‡`i bxwZK_v †hgb ïwb‡q‡Qb, †Zgwb PwjZfvlvi gva¨‡g e¨½-we`ªƒc-iwmKZv m„wó K‡i‡Qb| VvKzievwoi †gRea~ m‡Z›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii ¯¿x Ávb`vbw›`bx †`ex `ywU wkï-bvUK wj‡L‡Qb| ZuviB m¤úvw`Z evjK cwÎKvq mvZfvB P¤úv (6 Ryb, 1910) I UvK WzgvWzg& Wzg (20 †m‡Þ¤^i, 1910) bvUK `ywU| GKwU DcK_v Aej¤^‡b iwPZ, AciwU bvwcZ I †kqv‡ji M‡íi bvU¨iƒc| gRv`vi msjvc I fvlv cÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g wZwb wkïg‡bi Dc‡hvMx bvUKB iPbv K‡i‡Qb|

39

VvKzievwoi c‡iB †h-cwievi wkï-mvwnZ¨ Z_v wkï-bvUK‡K GwM‡q wb‡q †h‡Z AMÖYx f‚wgKv wb‡q‡Q †mwU n‡jv gïqvi ivq‡PŠayix cwievi| G-cÖm‡½ D‡jøL¨ bvg, myKzgvi ivq| wKš‘ Zuvi GB cÖqv‡m whwb im` RywM‡qwQ‡jb wZwb n‡jb D‡c›`ªwK‡kvi ivq‡PŠayix, Zuvi wcZv, whwb ¯^gwngvq wkï g‡bviv‡R¨ weivR K‡iwQ‡jb| fzeb‡gvnb ivq-m¤úvw`Z mv_x cwÎKvq D‡c›`ªwK‡kv‡ii †ePvivg-†Kbvivg bv‡g GKwU mwPÎ bvwUKv cÖKvwkZ nq (1833 wLªóv‡ã)| ZuviB Aby‡cÖiYvq wkï-mvwn‡Z¨i RM‡Z cv †i‡LwQ‡jb myKzgvi ivq| †QvU‡`i bvU¨RM‡Z Av‡jvob-m„wóKvix GK bvg| cÖ_g bvUK ivgabea iwPZ nq 1905 mv‡j| e½f‡½i Avg‡j †jLv bvUK| †hLv‡b fviZwe‡Ølx GK Bs‡iR mv‡ne Kxfv‡e cvovi †Q‡j‡`i Kv‡Q Rã nj ZvB ejv n‡q‡Q| Gi c‡ii NUbv †Zv Avgv‡`i meviB Rvbv| cieZx© wkï-bvUK¸‡jv nj Svjvcvjv (1909), j²‡Yi kw³‡kj (1909), AevK Rjcvb (1921) BZ¨vw`| myKzgvi iv‡qi bvUK bb‡mÝ mvwnZ¨iƒ‡c mvaviYZ cwiwPZ| wZwb wb‡RB e‡j‡Qb Ñ Ôeje hv †gvi wP‡Ë jv‡M/ bvB ev Zvi A_© †nvK/ bvB ev eySzK †eevK †jvK|Õ wKš‘ Zuvi me iPbvB †h wbZvšÍ A_©nxb ev ÔAv‡evjZv‡evjÕ Zv wKš‘ bq| Zuvi mvwn‡Z¨i g~j j²Y wKš‘ mgvRgywLZv| Zuvi bvU¨mvwnZ¨ m¤ú‡K©I G-K_v mZ¨| bvU¨mvwn‡Z¨ jxjv gRyg`vi GK Awe¯§iYxq bvg| wkïbv‡U¨i MwZ‡K Zuvi bvUK Av‡iv †eMevb K‡i Zz‡jwQj| jxjv gRyg`v‡ii j¼v `nb cvjv, eKea cvjv, evjx myMÖxe K_b wkï-bvUK wn‡m‡e P‚ovšÍfv‡e mdj| ¯^vaxbZv-cieZx©Kv‡j 1963 mv‡j cwðge‡½i `ywU wkï-bvUK AvKv‡`wg cyi¯‹vi jvf K‡i| Zvi g‡a¨ GKwU jxjv gRyg`v‡ii eKea cvjv| Ab¨wU ˆk‡jb †Nv‡li AiæY-eiæY-wKiYgvjv|6 evsjv wkï I wK‡kvi bvU¨ mvwn‡Z¨i RM‡Z †h-c_ †`wL‡qwQ‡jb iex›`ªbv_, †mB c_‡KB Aebx›`ªbv_ VvKzi, Ávb`vbw›`bx †`ex, gïqvi ivq‡PŠayix cwiev‡ii D‡c›`ªwK‡kvi ivq‡PŠayix, myKzgvi ivq, jxjv gRyg`vi cÖgyL QvovI my›`i K‡i M‡o Zz‡jwQ‡jb Ggb K‡qKRb mvwnwZ¨K cÖwZgyn~‡Z© ¯§iY‡hvM¨| wb‡gœ wKQy bvU‡Ki GKwU mswÿß I wbe©vwPZ ZvwjKv D‡jøL Kivi †Póv n‡jv| we‡klfv‡e D‡jøL‡hvM¨ wbe©vwPZ bvU¨Kvi I bvUK¸‡jv Ñ bvU¨Kvi gb¥v_ ivq eyׇ`e emy mywbg©j emy myKvšÍ fÆvPvh© wkeivg PµeZx© wegj †Nvl bvivqY M‡½vcva¨vq bx‡i›`ª ¸ß †gvwnZ P‡Ævcva¨vq ˆk‡jb †Nvl mybxj Rvbv ¯^cb ey‡ov wbg©‡j›`y †MŠZg g‡bvR wgÎ ï‡f›`y gvBwZ

40

wkï-bvUK giv nvwZ jvL UvKv av‡i wewµ †bB Avb›`bvWz Awfhvb cwÐZ we`vq hviv gvbyl bq fvov‡U PvB †Q‡j‡ejv f‚Z wcjwcwj mv‡n‡ei Uzwc ney Meyi cvjv ˆekvLx c~wY©gv †mB eBwU ivRvi †c‡U cÖRvi wc‡V hv`yi Zzwj

e‡ib M‡½vcva¨vq iæ`ªcÖmv` PµeZx© nijvj ea©b mgxi P‡Ævcva¨vq weRq †`e weavqK fÆvPvh© Abœ`vk¼i ivq nx‡ib P‡Ævcva¨vq Abycg `Ë AvwkmKzgvi gy‡Lvcva¨vq AwRZK…ò emy †mŠwgÎ emy wcbvKx ¸n

wns wUs QU cÖwgw_Dm e›`x n‡jb cyZz‡ji we‡q A¼gvjvi †`‡k wmsn I †gl kveK gnvc~Rv Rbie cyZzj †mvbvi †Luv‡R R‡ji Zjvq nvwmi jovB †nvwgIc¨vw_ njai †Xvi gyowKi nuvwo fv‡jv Kv‡Ri cvjv

wkï-bvUK wkï-wkÿvi Ab¨Zg gva¨g| ZvB ïay cwðge½ bq, c„w_exi me©Î wkï-bvUK wb‡q KvR n‡”Q Ges GKvwaK wkï-bvUK iwPZ n‡”Q| Zv wb‡q Pj‡Q cixÿv-wbixÿv, GgbwK bvU‡K wkï-wkÿvi welqwUi ¸iæZ¡ Abyfe K‡i wkï-bvUK‡K Avewk¨K cvV¨ welq Kivi `vwe D‡V‡Q| evsjv‡`k I c„w_exi K‡qKwU †`‡ki bvU‡Ki GKwU wbe©vwPZ I mswÿß ZvwjKv GLv‡b D‡jøL Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i Ñ

†jL‡Ki bvg

bvU‡Ki bvg

†`k

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Ab¨ MÖ‡ni gvwYK †Rvo

(Abyev`)

AvjKvZivi cyZj (Abyev`)

Qvqv I Kvqv (Abyev`) wkïiv hv‡Z bvU‡Ki ga¨ w`‡q wkÿvjvf Ki‡Z cv‡i †m-e¨vcv‡i

evsjv wkï-bvU‡Ki †jLKiv cÖvq me©Î bRi w`‡q‡Qb| wel‡qi Rb¨ Zuviv Øvi¯’ n‡q‡Qb KL‡bv †jvKK_v, KL‡bv DcK_v, KL‡bv iƒcK_vi Kv‡Q| mvgvwRK AmsMwZ‡KI Zuviv †`‡L‡Qb Ges †`Lv‡Z †P‡q‡Qb wkï‡`i| Kíbv I ev¯Í‡ei RMrwU‡K †QvU‡`i mvg‡b Ly‡j †`Iqvi Rb¨ bvU‡Ki welq KL‡bv-KL‡bv eo‡`i †eŠw×KZvi avi †Nu‡l †M‡Q| wkï-bvUK¸‡jv‡K we‡kølY Ki‡jB †`Lv hv‡e mg‡qi m‡½-m‡½ wkï-bvU‡Ki welq cvj‡U †h‡Z _v‡K| A‡bK wkï bvU¨KviB g‡b Ki‡Z _v‡Kb, AvR‡Ki wkïB AvMvgx w`‡bi fwel¨r| †QvU‡ejv †_‡K hw` Zv‡`i mgmvgwqK cwi‡ek I mgvR-m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb K‡i †Zvjv hvq, wkï-bvU‡Ki gva¨‡g Zv‡`i gb I gbb M‡o †Zvjv hvq Zv n‡j Zviv mgv‡Ri kÎæ-wgÎ, b¨vq-Ab¨vq‡K mn‡RB ey‡S DV‡Z cvi‡e| †mB Kvi‡YB nq‡Zv wek kZ‡Ki m~PbvjMœ †_‡KB cÖvqk wkï-bvU‡Ki ÿgZv DˇivËi e„w× †c‡q P‡j‡Q| wKš‘ cwieviZvwš¿KZv, †mBm‡½ ivR‰bwZK bvMcv‡ki dYvwqZ `skb wkï-bvU‡K wkï‡`i weKv‡ki cÖavb nvwZqvi n‡Z evav `vb Ki‡jI †kl ch©šÍ Zv †mB bvMcvk †_‡K gy³ n‡Z †Póv K‡i‡Q, Ki‡Q| †m‡ÿ‡Î nq‡Zv ïay wkï-wK‡kvi bq, Zv‡`i AwffveK‡`iI g‡bviÄb Ki‡Z †P‡q‡Qb bvU¨Kvi-cÖ‡hvRKiv| ZvB wkï-bvUK GLb Uª¨vwWkb n‡q D‡V‡Q| Uª¨vwWkbB †nvK ev `vqe×ZvB †nvK eZ©gv‡b GKvwaK w_‡qUvi `jI wkï-bvUK g¯’ Kivi wel‡q BwZevPK c`‡ÿc wb‡”Q| d‡j wkï-bvUK iPbvi †ÿ‡Î ïiæ‡ZB Zv‡K g¯’ Kivi †h AšÍiv‡qi K_v D‡jøL K‡iwQjvg, Zv‡K GLb KvwU‡q †Zvjv hv‡”Q| ïay d¨vkb ev ÷¨vUvm KLbB †h fv‡jv wk‡íi gvcKvwV n‡Z cv‡i bv, G-m‡PZbZvq †h-†`vjv †j‡M‡Q Zvi cÖgvY wn‡m‡e Avgiv wkï-wK‡kvi bvU‡Ki DrKl©mva‡b cwðge‡½i eZ©gvb wkï-bvU¨PP©vKvix `j¸‡jvi K_v †Zv D‡jøL Ki‡ZB cvwi| ¯^vaxbZvc~e© hy‡M wkï-bvU‡Ki †h-wkLvwU cÖR¡wjZ n‡qwQj, †mB wkLv †_‡K nvRvi-nvRvi `xc R¡‡j D‡VwQj ¯^vaxbZv-cieZx©Kv‡j| Zvi cÖgvY Avgiv †c‡qwQ GKvwaK bvU¨Kvi I mvwnwZ¨K‡`i wkï-bvUK iPbv Kivi cÖqv‡m| ïay ZvB bq, M‡o DVj †Rjvq-†Rjvq AmsL¨ wkï-bvU‡Ki `j| d‡j wkï-bvU‡Ki Pvwn`vI †e‡o †Mj| `‡ji Pvwn`v †gUv‡Z A‡b‡KB Zz‡j wb‡jb Kjg| wel‡qi AwfbeZ¡ I ˆewPΨ †hgb †`Lv †Mj, †Zgwb Avw½K wb‡qI cixÿv-wbixÿv ïiæ n‡jv| d‡j †QvU‡`i bvUK GLb `viæY RbwcÖq| AjKv `vm-m¤úvw`Z bvU¨wPšÍv dvD‡Ûk‡bi †Qv‡Uv‡`i bvUK (2005) eB‡qi f‚wgKvq ejv n‡q‡Q, Ôw_‡qUvi ev bvU‡Ki cÖwZ †QvU‡`i AvMÖn ev Uvb Acwimxg| bvUK Ki‡Z fv‡jvev‡m bv Ggb ev”Pv LyeB Kg|Õ GB wek¦vm‡K gv_vq †i‡LB GB GKzk kZ‡Ki wØZxq `k‡K `uvwo‡q Avgiv Avkv Kie Avgv‡`i mšÍvbiv bvUK‡K gva¨g K‡i wkÿv †`‡e ˆbwZKZvi, gvbyl nIqvi| bvUK †_‡K wkïiv †b‡e mZZv D`viZv, mvnwmKZv I cÖmbœZvi `xÿv| AvZ¥‡Kw›`ªKZv †_‡K AvZ¥‡eva, msKxY©Zv †_‡K D`viZvi, hveZxq wK¬óZv †_‡K Avb‡›` Ñ †hb GB bvU‡Ki †QvU-†QvU `k©Kiv DËxY© nIqvi †cÖiYv Lyu‡R cvq| Avi †mB c‡_ cikcv_i n‡q _vKzK wkï-bvU¨Kvi‡`i Kjg|

Z_¨m~Î

1. Locke, John, Some thoughts concerinng education, Edited by Charles W. Elliot, Vol.

XXXVIII, Part-1, The Harvard Classics, New York, P. F Collier and Son, 1909-14.

2. PµeZx©, mywgZv, Qwe-KweZv fvlvi AZxZ fvl¨, bZzb Kwe m‡¤§jb, kvi`xq 2014, KjKvZv, c„ 173| 3. Ward David (With Janet Grant), Theatre for Children, A guide to writing, adapting, directing, and acting, Ivan R. Mar. 1999, Chicago, p 5.

4. D×…ZvskwU M„nxZ Ô¯^vaxbZv-c~e© hy‡M wkïbvU¨mvwnZ¨Õ cÖeÜ †_‡K, Ac~e© †`, ejvKv, evOvwji wkïmvwnZ¨ cÖvK&-¯^vaxbZvce©, KjKvZv, c„ 74| 5. Webster’s Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary.

6. An Encyclopaedia Britannica Company.

7. AskwU M„nxZ Ô¯^vaxbZv-c~e© hy‡M wkïbvU¨mvwnZ¨Õ cÖeÜ †_‡K, Ac~e© †`, ejvKv, evOvwji wkïmvwnZ¨ cÖvK&-¯^vaxbZv ce©, KjKvZv, c„ 84 8. `vm AjKv, †Qv‡Uv‡`i bvUK, f‚wgKv Ask, bvU¨wPšÍv dvD‡Ûkb, KjKvZv, wØZxq ms¯‹iY, 2015

MÖš’FY 1. The Oxford Companion to the Theatre, Edited

by Phyllis Hastnooll, Fourth Edition, Oxford University Press-1983.

2. Garrett E. Henry, Statistics in Psychology and Education, Paragon International Publishers, New Delhi, Twelfth Indian Reprint-2009.

3. Gijubhai-Divasvapna, NBT, Fifth Reprint, 2006.

4. Woolfalk Anita, Educational Psychology, Dorling, Kino Ersley (India Pvt. Ltd.) Pearson Education in South Asia, 2006|

5. gRyg`vi, jxjv m¤úvw`Z, Aeb VvKz‡ii †QvU‡`i m¤¢vi, Gwkqv cvewjwks †Kv¤úvwb, 1979| 6. P›`, Zx_©sKi, wkïbv‡U¨i mÜv‡b, Avengvb Davie›`, KvQvov, Avmvg, eB‡gjv, 1999| 7. VvKzi, iex›`ªbv_, wkÿv m¤úwK©Z cÖeÜvejx, 125Zg iex›`ªRqšÍx Dcj‡ÿ myjf ms¯‹iY, lô LÐ| 8. e‡›`¨vcva¨vq, wkevRx, evsjv wkïmvwn‡Z¨i †QvU †g‡qiv, MvOwPj ÔgvwUi evwoÕ, I¼vi cvK©, †NvjvevRvi, KjKvZv, 1 Avlvp, 1414| 9. Kz‡ivqvbvwM †Zrmy‡Kv, †Zv‡Ëv-Pvb, b¨vkbvj eyK Uªv÷, BwÛqv, G-5, wMÖb cvK©, bqvw`wjø-2000| 10. e‡›`¨vcva¨vq, m›`xc, eªvZ¨Rxe‡bi eY©gvjv (eviewbZv Avi c_wkïi LÐRMr), †mwievb, evLivnvU, `. 24 ciMbv-743377, wW‡m¤^i, 1999| 11. †mb¸ß, ¯^vZx‡jLv, bvUK †kLvi †Ljv, bv›`xKvi cÖKvkbv, KjKvZv, 13 Avwk¦b, 1412| 12. †mb, AgZ©¨, wkïwkÿvi f‚wgKv, MvOwPj, ÔgvwUi evwoÕ, I¼vi cvK©, †NvjvevRvi, KjKvZv-111, Rvbyqvwi, 2012| 13. `vm, AjKv-m¤úvw`Z †QvU‡`i bvUK, KjKvZv, 2005| 14. AvR‡Ki cÖwZfvm cwÎKv, wkï-wK‡kvi we‡kl msKjb, cvqivWvOv, bw`qv| 15. †KviK mvwnZ¨ cwÎKv, kvi` 2013 (evsjv bvUK I bvU¨gÂ), KjKvZv| 16. ejvKv, evOvwji wkï-mvwnZ¨ cÖvK&-¯^vaxbZv ce©, KjKvZv, 2015| r

41

Kvgvj †PŠayix : Kve¨cv‡Vi m~Î knx` BKevj

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›`wbK Hk¦‡h© PwKZ c‡o wbB, Kwe Kvgvj †PŠayix‡K| Rb¥ 1957| ÔPure Experience’-G fiv Zuvi GwbK‡WŠU| †mB †ek Av‡M, wgwQ‡ji mgvb eqmx c‡o Zuv‡K Rwo‡q †dwj wm‡bm‡_wmKcÖev‡n| †eva, Bw›`ªqR KviæKg© hv cÖK…wZi cjvZKv Qvqvq cvjUvq, M‡o I‡V; wKsev GK Abyiv‡M mšÍ ekxf‚Z bv n‡q Ab¨‡Z †cuŠQvq, †`vjv jvMvq wKsev Abyfe †_‡K MÜvbyiv‡M ùwUK¯^”QZv cvq, w¯’i nq| AwaKZi mgv‡iv‡n wZwb ZLb wecyj †mœn-mšÍßZv AR©b K‡ib Ñ d‡j Acvi †kÖ‡qv-k„š^š‘ iƒ‡c ZLb Kv‡ji kKU cvk †divq| Kwe GwjqU GRb¨ IBiƒc KweZv‡K e‡j‡Qb ÔewnivkÖqx-ms‡kølÕ Ñ hv Ôobjective correlativeÕiƒ‡c cÖwZkÖæZ| G-m~‡Î Kvgvj †PŠayix bvMwiK g‡bvRM‡Zi wewPÎ welq, m~²Zi myKzgvi Abyf‚wZ, ga¨we‡Ëi †cÖg-ˆbivk¨Mø­vwb; ivR‰bwZK AwfcÖv‡qi kZ©, ivóªxq kvmb-Abykvmb Ñ hv ÔAccumulation of detailÕ I ÔBy the sharpness of selected detailÕ kãe‡Ü cwiMYb K‡ib| ZvB †Zv ewj ÔThe concentration and intensitÕ-Gi K_v, †hLv‡b D‡Ïk¨kxj Q‡›`vgq fvlvi wbðqZv cybM©wVZ nq| Avi †m-AeKvkUzKzi we¯ÍviY wb‡q wbe©vwPZ Kve¨iƒc m‡¤§vnb-Drme AR©b K‡i|

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42

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Avgiv nvwiwb| GB `„k¨ weRqx RvwZi|

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43

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46

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Zey KeiLvbvi GKUv cweÎZv Av‡Q bv Kgjevey? Ñ wmKv›`vi wgqv ej‡jb| wmKv›`vi mv‡ne wkeksKi ivq D”P we`¨vj‡qi cÖavb wk¶K| RyZmB GKUv DËi Luy‡R cvw”Qj bv Kgj| ZLbB GK‡Kv‡Y PzcPvc e‡m _vKv bvRgyj, Kg‡ji evj¨eÜz, GLb GjvKvi bvgKiv Wv³vi bvRgyj Kwig wmwÏKx D‡ËwRZ n‡q e‡j DVj, wK‡mi cweÎZv? cweÎZv i¶vi †Póv K‡i‡Qb †Kv‡bvw`b, †KD †M‡Qb †mLv‡b? cÖwZw`b wkqvjKzKz‡i †n‡M-gy‡Z iv‡L, ZLb †Kv_vq _v‡K cweÎZv? bvbv iKg ZK©-weZK© n‡jv| Zv‡Z m¤úÖxwZi ¶wZ-e„w× wKQyB n‡jv bv| ïay bxjKg‡ji `y-GKRb gymjgvb eÜz Zvi c¶ wb‡q K_v e‡j‡Q GUvB mvšÍ¡bv| Zviv G-NUbvi Z`šÍ K‡i †`vlx‡`i kvw¯Í w`‡Z e‡j‡Q| ewnivMZ AvµgYKvixiv Kvi B܇b nvgjv Kij Zvi †LuvR Ki‡Z e‡j‡Q, GUzKzB| wUGbI ej‡jb, n‡e, Aek¨B Z`šÍ n‡e| †`vlx‡`i Qvo †`Iqv n‡e bv... BZ¨vw`| ¶wZMÖ¯Í cwievi¸‡jv‡K `k †KwR K‡i Pvj †`Iqvi K_vI †NvlYv Ki‡jb wZwb| bxjKgj ejj, `iKvi bvB, nvZ †c‡Z †bIqvi Af¨vm GL‡bv nq bvB m¨vi, wPiKvj w`‡q G‡mwQ...| Dcw¯’Z †jvKR‡bi †Pnvivi w`‡K ZvwK‡q †evanq wUGbI mv‡ne eyS‡Z cvi‡jb K_vUv mZ¨, wZwb †Kv‡bv DËi w`‡jb bv|

wZb

GLb †`LwQ evwo wewµi wPšÍvUv Avcwb fv‡jvB K‡i‡Qb `v`v| GKUv mvgvb¨ e¨vcvi wb‡q †h j¼vKvÐ K‡i †djj GjvKvi gvbyl..., GLv‡b evm Kiv w`b‡K w`b KwVb n‡q hv‡”Q| Ñ K…òv ejj| wb‡Ri wm×všÍ wel‡q ¯^ífvlx †g‡qwUi mg_©b †c‡q GKUz m¤§vwbZ †eva Kij| Rwg`vievwo‡Z GiKg GKwU nvgjvi NUbv †h NU‡Z cv‡i Zv Zvi fvebvi wÎmxgvbvi g‡a¨ wQj bv, wKš‘ GLb †m †ek †Rv‡ii m‡½B ejj, Avwg RvbZvg, AvR bv †nvK Kvj G iKg wKQy GKUv †h n‡e Zv RvbZvg

†Rvow`wNi Nv‡U mg‡eZ n‡jv mevB bxjKg‡ji mvg‡b| KvD‡K KvD‡K Ggb gvi †g‡i‡Q nuvU‡Z cvi‡Q bv| bxjKg‡ji †Pv‡Li w`‡K ZvwK‡q wKQy GKUv LuyR‡Q mš¿¯Í bvix-cyiæl| AvkvAvk¦vm, bv Ab¨ wKQy? Zvi Kv‡Q †Kb? GB †jvK¸‡jv GZKv‡jI Rvbj bv iæ¯Íg wms‡qi nv‡Z Zievwi †bB GLb? 51

Avwg| Rxe‡b Kg wKQy †Zv Avi †`Ljvg bv K…òv| kn‡i wM‡q e¨e¯’v GKUv wKQy K‡ib, †g‡qiI †Zv GKUv fwel¨r Av‡Q, ¯‹z‡j fwZ© Kiv‡Z n‡e...| Zzwg hv‡e bv Avgvi m‡½? †Pv‡Li cvZv bvwg‡q wbj, cv‡qi bL w`‡q gvwU LyuU‡Z-LyuU‡Z ejj, Avwg †Zv AvwQB `v`v, PiYZ‡j hw` ¯’vb †`b...| K…òvi gy‡L hw` ¯’vb †`b Ñ K_vUv ï‡b nƒ`q †Zvjcvo n‡q †Mj bxjKg‡ji, GLbB wKQyUv ¯’vb †`Iqvi Rb¨ ey‡K †U‡b wb‡Z B‡”Q KiwQj, wKš‘ wbR©b n‡jI GB cÖKvk¨ ¯’v‡b †mB SzuwK †bIqvi fimv n‡jv bv| Z‡e evwK c_Uv nuvUj ¯^vgx-¯¿x-mšÍvbmsmvi wel‡q A™¢zZ GK †gvnMÖ¯ÍZvi g‡a¨| mܨvi ciciB weay eo–qvi †`vKv‡bi †cQ‡bi NiUvq Avmi R‡g I‡V| Zvm Avi †PvjvB| Xz‡K co‡j ivZ `k-GMv‡ivUvi Av‡M Avi gyw³ †bB| ZvB mܨvi Av‡MB GKevi Avey ˆZqe mI`vM‡ii evwo‡Z hvIqvi K_v fvej Kgj| evwo wewµi e¨vcviUv dvBbvj Kiv Riæwi| evwo‡ZB wQj Avey ˆZqe mI`vMi| bxjKgj‡K †`‡L ejj, Av‡mb, Av‡mb Rwg`vievey...| Ñ GB m‡¤^va‡bB Zv‡K Wv‡Kb Avey ˆZqe, nq‡Zv evZ wK evZ, Zey GKUz m¤§vb †eva K‡i Kgj| Kx Lei e‡jb?

Lei Avi Kx, Kvjxc~Rvi w`b Kx n‡q †Mj...| me †Zv ïb‡Qb nvwRmve| wR ï‡bwQ| dvjZz `v½v-nv½vgv| wgUgvU n‡q †M‡Q? nu¨v| wgUgvU n‡q †M‡Q| Avcbvi Kv‡Q Gjvg evwoUvi e¨vcv‡i...| I nu¨v evwoUvi e¨vcv‡i| wKQy g‡b Ki‡eb bv evey, evwoUv †Kbvi g‡Zv Ae¯’v Avi bvB Avgvi| Ñ Avey ˆZqe ejj| †Kb? Ñ wew¯§Z Kgj| †`‡Lb Avwg `yevB wQjvg eûw`b| †`‡ki nvj-Ae¯’v Rvwb bv| Avcbvi evwoUv cQ›` n‡qwQj, Rwg`vievwo... GKUv mva n‡qwQj...| nu¨v, wVKB †Zv Av‡Q| bv, wVK bvB evey| GjvKvi †jvKR‡bi m‡½ K_v ejjvg, wmKv›`vi gv÷v‡ii m‡½I civgk© K‡iwQ| mevB GK K_v ejj evey, GZ UvKv w`‡q GB evwo †Kbv †eIKzwdi KvR n‡e| wZwik MÐv RvqMvi Ici evwo, mvg‡b †Rvovw`wN...| me †Zv eySjvg evey, wKš‘ evwo wb‡q †h Sv‡gjv ïiæ n‡q‡Q, g‡b Ki‡eb bv GUvB †kl, GUv gvÎ ïiæ, Av‡iv n‡e| gv‡b? gv‡b, GjvKvi †jvKRb ej‡Q, IB evwo †Kbvi Rb¨ GZ UvKv LiP K‡i jvf bvB, K‡qKevi Sv‡gjv n‡j evey Ggwb‡ZB evwo †d‡j BwÛqv P‡j hv‡e...| iv‡M cv †_‡K gv_v ch©šÍ R¡‡j DVj, I Avcwb †mB av›`vq e‡m Av‡Qb? bv evey, Avwg IBm‡ei g‡a¨ bvB, †KD `Lj K‡i wb‡j Avwg wK‡b †be, GKUz m¯Ív cvIqv hv‡e... GB Avi wK| evK&iæ× n‡q c‡o bxjKgj| Zvi mvg‡b emv †jvKUv‡K GKUv VvÛv gv_vi Lywb g‡b n‡Z _v‡K Zvi| Avwg Zvn‡j Avwm| cÖvq AcÖK…wZ‡¯’i g‡Zv wd‡i AvmwQj Kgj| Avey ˆZqe wcQy WvKj, †kv‡bb evey, Avwg GKUv K_v ewj, GKevi hLb K_v n‡q‡Q, Avwg jvL Pv‡iK UvKv ch©šÍ w`‡Z cvwi| G‡Z †cvlv‡j evwoUv Avgv‡K w`‡Z cv‡ib|

52

Pvi jvL! Pwjøk †_‡K GK av°vq Pvi jvL! wb‡R‡K Avi mvg‡j ivL‡Z cvij bv bxjKgj, iv‡M Kuvc‡Z-Kuvc‡Z cÖvq †ZvZjv‡bv Mjvq ejj, Rwg`vievwo †Kbv †Zvgvi KvR bv, Zzwg wgqv gyw` †`vKvb`v‡ii †cvjv, `yevB wM‡q wKQy UvKv KvgvBQ, UvKv _vK‡j Rwg`vi nIqv hvq bv ey‡SQ? ivRv ivRv i‡nMv...| bxjKg‡ji wbõj D‡ËRbvq we‡kl cÖwZwµqv †`Lvj bv Avey ˆZqe| Av‡Mi g‡Zv VvÛv Mjvq ejj, A¨vWfv‡Ýi UvKvUv Zvn‡j ax‡i-my¯’ †diZ w`‡qb|

Pvi

GZ ivZ †Zv K‡i bv †jvKUv, cÖvq NÈvLv‡bK †Rvow`wNi Nv‡U A‡c¶v Ki‡Z-Ki‡Z `ywðšÍvq c‡o hvq K…òv| Aí GKUz RvqMvi g‡a¨ cvqPvwi K‡i, Avi `~ic‡_i w`‡K ZvwK‡q MvQcvjvi b‡o-IVv Qvqv †`‡L fv‡e, IB eywS Uj‡Z-Uj‡Z †jvKUv G‡jv| wKš‘ ga¨ivZ †cwi‡q hvIqvi ciI hLb G‡jv bv, ZLb K…òv‡KB †ewi‡q co‡Z n‡jv †jvKUvi †Luv‡R| †ewk`~i †h‡Z nqwb| weay eo–qvi †`vKvb †cwi‡q †nu‡U k¥kvb‡Lvjv ch©šÍ Avm‡Z †c‡iwQj Kgj, ZviciB †nuvPU †L‡q, bvwK †bkvi †Nv‡i, gvwU‡Z c‡o Ávb nvwi‡q‡Q| KL‡bv †Zv GiKg nq bv, AvR ch©šÍ KL‡bv nqwb| K…òv AevK n‡q Dcyo n‡q _vKv gvbylwUi w`‡K ZvKvq| Lye ax‡i wbk¦vm co‡Q| GB QgQ‡g AÜKv‡i wbR©b k¥kvb‡Lvjvi AvwObvi wfZi XzK‡Z n‡jv K…òv‡K| wUDeI‡qj †_‡K GKUv cøvw÷‡Ki †evZj f‡i Rj wb‡q wd‡i G‡jv| gv_vUv †Kv‡ji Ici wb‡q gy‡L R‡ji SvcUv w`‡Z †Muv-†Muv kã Kij bxjKgj| kvwoi AuvPj wfwR‡q gy‡L, Kcv‡j, Mjvq, `ycv‡ki Kv‡b Kuv‡a fv‡jv K‡i gywQ‡q †`Iqvi ci fvewQj GLb †jvKUv‡K evwo wb‡q hv‡e Kx K‡i| wVK ZLbB †PvL †gjj Kgj, GKUv `xN©k¦vm †d‡j ejj, P‡jv K…òv evwo hvB| cvi‡eb? †nu‡U †h‡Z cvi‡eb? cvie| Ñ D‡V `uvovj| Kg‡ji evg nvZUv wb‡Ri Wvb Kuv‡a Zz‡j wb‡q nuvU‡Z ïiæ Kij K…òv| GB Rxe‡b †Zvgv‡K A‡bK Kó w`jvg K…òv...| Avgvi K_v fve‡Z n‡e bv, GB Kó Avgvi Kv‡Q Kó bv, wKš‘ wb‡Ri K_v GKevi fve‡eb bv `v`v, †g‡qUvi K_v..., Zv Qvov kn‡i wM‡q msmvi Kivi K_vI †h ej‡Qb, my¯’ _vK‡Z n‡e bv?

Gevi `yg K‡i `uvwo‡q †Mj Kgj, SuvKzwb w`‡q wb‡Ri nvZUv bvwg‡q wbj K…òvi Kuva †_‡K, Mjv Pwo‡q ejj, dvK& B‡qvi msmvi| IB msmvi-Usmvi Kiv Avgvi c‡¶ m¤¢e bv| Rwg`vies‡ki †Q‡j Avwg, kn‡i wM‡q Qv‡cvlv msmvix n‡Z cvie bv| B¤úwmej| wew¯§Z K…òv ejj, AvcwbB †Zv e‡jwQ‡jb `v`v| e‡jwQjvg, wKš‘ †f‡e †`Ljvg †mUv m¤¢e bv| hZ hvB e‡jv Avgvi eøy eøvW, Rwg`vi esk... †Zvgvi g‡Zv wbPz Rv‡Zi GKUv †g‡q‡K we‡q Kiv Avgvi c‡¶ m¤¢e? Zvi †P‡q GB fvj Av‡Mi g‡Zv Zzwg ivZ-we‡i‡Z Avm‡e hv‡e| Rwg`vi es‡k Gme Av‡MI wQj... †Kv‡bv Amyweav bvB| _g‡K `uvwo‡q bxjKg‡ji gy‡Li w`‡K ZvwK‡q _v‡K K…òv, Zvi Awfe¨w³ †evSv hvq bv| KviY †Rvow`wNi Nv‡U ZLb Mvp AÜKvi| r

53

ZzNjK mvw`K †nv‡mb

wV

K GB gyn~‡Z© 100 cvIqv‡ii ev‡j¦i wb‡P ï‡q ZzNjK eyS‡Z cv‡i, GB nvIqvjv‡Zi †fZi, GB nvIqvjv‡Zi †fZi Miv‡`i Mv †_‡K †ewi‡q Avmv Av‡jv, I †mB Av‡jvi cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z Zvi †Pv‡Li w`‡K avegvb Kvjvi¸‡jv, ˆLwb Svovi kã, jvwVi VzKVvK, GUv‡mUv meB Avm‡j IB 100 cvIqv‡ii ev‡j¦i Mv‡q Rv‡Þ _vKv ay‡jvi g‡Zv, †kÖwYkÎæi c‡KU †K‡U cvIqv gvwbe¨vMm`„k cweÎ Z_v wejxqgvb; A_©vr m‡›`nvZxZ bq| Dciš‘ j¤^v ey‡Ui kã‡K AbymiY Ki‡j, †m †Lqvj Ki‡e, cÖkœKZ©v Zvi w`‡KB GwM‡q Avm‡Q Ñ myZivs, wVK GB gyn~‡Z© wki`uvov Lvov K‡i e‡m _vKvUv n‡e ivR‰bwZK wePz¨wZ| ZzNjK ï‡q c‡o Ges hš¿YvKvZi K‡qw`‡`i g‡Zv cv-Uv‡K †c‡Ui Kv‡Q †U‡b G‡b Ô`Õ n‡q hvq| `-G †`Šo| `-G `uvwocvjøvI e‡U| ZzNj‡Ki bvg ZzNjK †Kb? Ñ GB cÖ‡kœi DËi †c‡Z †M‡j GKUv †`Š‡oi w`‡K bRi †`Iqv Avgv‡`i GKvšÍ KZ©e¨| wKš‘ †h‡nZz Qvcv Aÿi ˆewkó¨MZfv‡e w¯’i, ZvB Avgv‡`i Kíbv Ki‡Z n‡e GB gyn~‡Z© e¨eüZ cÖwZwU kãB Avm‡j Pjgvb|

54

ïay Pjgvb †Kb, GB gyn~‡Z© wjwLZ kãiv GB †Zv cvnvo †_‡K MoMwo‡q bvg‡Q, Lwb †_‡K ûogywo‡q DV‡Q, e¨_© c‡KUgv‡ii g‡Zv Zviv †`Šov‡”Q, Zv‡`i †cQ‡b Qyu‡PvevwR †Q‡o †`Iqv nqwb Zey Zviv †`Šov‡”Q, Zv‡`i Pvgov †_‡K †ewi‡q Avm‡Q i³ I K¨vjwmqvg Ges Zviv Ggb GK cÖvšÍ‡ii †fZi Xz‡K co‡Q †hLv‡b Av`vjZ I wKlvb, mgKvg I MwYZ Ges fzLniZvj Avi kã I Zvi ey¨rcwËMZ A_© me GK‡Î, mgvbZv‡j cÖme K‡i P‡j‡Q †h gvbwmK fvimvg¨nxbZv‡K Ñ ZvB ZzNjK| myZivs, ZzNjK Ñ GLv‡b ZzNjKB! Zey Avgv‡`i †Lqvj ivLv Riæwi Mí Ggb GK AvU©dg© †hLv‡b mv`v KvM‡Ri Ici Kv‡jv Aÿi Qvov Avi †Kv‡bv wKQyiB ev¯ÍweK Dcw¯’wZ †bB| meUvB Kíbv| d‡j cvVK cÖ_g †_‡KB †jL‡Ki `vwe¸‡jv‡K m‡›`n Ki‡Z _v‡K| Ab¨w`‡K †jLK Zuvi `vwe¸‡jv‡K †Rvi`vi Ki‡Z Ggb Q‡K Mí‡K euv‡ab hv‡Z g‡b nq Zuvi m„ó Pwiθ‡jv †Kv‡bv bv †Kv‡bvfv‡e Zuvi e¨w³-AwfÁZv †_‡K D‡V G‡m‡Q| †hb †jL‡Ki Kíbv AZUvI KvíwbK bq, GUvB †jLK cÖgvY Ki‡Z Pvb| cvVK-†jL‡Ki GB †evSvcovi gvÎvi IciB wK M‡íi mdjZv wbwg©Z nq?

AjsKiY : dwi`v Rvgvb hw` ZvB nq, Z‡e GBÿ‡Y ZzNjK m¤ú‡K© `y-Pvi wcm wn›U w`‡q †`Iqv eyw×gv‡bi KvR n‡e| ZzNj‡Ki ev‡ci bvg wQj Lvwj`| wKš‘ Zvi †PvL †eov‡ji g‡Zv †Nvjv‡U nIqvq wejøy Lvwj` bv‡gB cwiwPZ wQj †ewk| mewRevRv‡i hZUzKz RvqMv cvIqv †M‡j msmvi Pvjv‡bv hvq, wVK ZZUzKz RvqMvq `uvwocvjøvi Ggb GK wnmve †m Ki‡Z †c‡iwQj †h, Avcwb 500 MÖvg U‡g‡Uv PvB‡j PviwU U‡g‡Uv wb‡q Zvi `uvwocvjøv ZZUzKzB SzuKZ, hZUzKz SzuK‡j 500 MÖv‡gi wnmve †g‡j| ejv evûj¨, U‡g‡Uvi mvB‡Ri Ici Zv memgq wbf©i KiZ bv| Zv Qvov K_vq Av‡Q, gvby‡li †Pnviv Zvi Pwi·K wbg©vY K‡i| d‡j Zvi cv‡ki mewRIqvjviv cÖvqkB jvf-†jvKmv‡bi wnmve †gjv‡Z cviZ bv| m‡›`n G‡m coZ Aek¨B wejøy Lvwj‡`i Ici| wKš‘ †m memgq Ggb GK †Pv‡L Pviw`‡K ZvKv‡Z wk‡LwQj †h, cÖvq w`b g‡b n‡Zv †mB w`bUvB Zvi GB evRv‡i cÖ_g w`b| †m †_ªU †cZ| KL‡bv-KL‡bv †nU w¯úP ïbZ| wKš‘ Mv‡q nvZ coZ bv| GKw`b †mUvI n‡jv| GKRb eDw` U‡g‡Uv, KuvPvjsKv wKb‡Z G‡mwQj| †m gvwbe¨vM †d‡j †i‡L P‡j †Mj| c‡i †LuvR wb‡Z G‡j wejøy Lvwj` †mvRv wWbvB Ki‡Z _vKj| Zv‡K PvR© Kiv n‡jv| mvP© Kiv n‡jv|

†k‡l P‡Ui Zjv †_‡K gvwbe¨vMUv cvIqv †Mj| GB mgq ZzNj‡Ki eqm KZ wQj? eû †Póv K‡iI ZzNj‡Ki GMR¨vK&U Rb¥wZw_i †LuvR cvIqv hvqwb| cÖvBgvwi ¯‹z‡j Zvi †h-Rb¥ZvwiL †`Iqv i‡q‡Q Zv wbf©i‡hvM¨ bq| KviY †fvUvi KvW© Abyhvqx Zvi eqm Avevi Ab¨| wek¦¯Ím~‡Î Rvbv hvq, †hw`b Zvi evc Mv‡qe n‡q †MwQj, †mw`b †m LvZzbgn‡j wc‡V Pvey‡Ki `vM wb‡q bvP‡Z _vKv gvayix `xwÿ‡Zi GK-†`v-wZbPvi †`LwQj| †ZRv‡ei wiwjR †WU 11 b‡f¤^i, 1988| myZivs 1988 mvj bvMv` Zvi eqm wQj jvMfvM 10-12 eQi| 1990 mv‡j worldwide web G‡jv| mv‡o mvZvk eQi †Rj LvUvi ci mvD_ Avwd«Kv †bjmb g¨v‡Ûjv‡K †invB w`‡jv| BivK Kz‡qZ AvµgY Kij| Avevi GB mgq BwÛqv kÖxjsKv †_‡K †mbvevwnbx mwi‡q wb‡qwQj, Kvwk¥‡i WvB‡i± iæj Pvwc‡q wQj, gÐj Kwgk‡bi cÖ¯Ívebv‡K ev¯ÍevwqZ K‡iwQj| Gme NUbv Ges Av‡iv A‡bK wKQy ZzNj‡Ki Ici Kx Kx cÖfve we¯Ívi K‡iwQj? cywj‡ki jvwVi VKVKvwbi mvg‡b ZzNjK hv e‡j Zv cÖvq g¨vwRK wiq¨vwjRgm`„k| gv‡qi †c‡Ui †fZi _vKvKvjxb †m bvwK ev‡ci jvw_

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†L‡qwQj| cÖgvY¯^iƒc wb‡Ri †euvPv bvKUv †`wL‡q e‡j, GB †h| G‡Z eoevey †n‡mB Kvwnj| Kb‡÷ej‡K †W‡K e‡jb, ïbyb, Avcbvi ZzNjK Kx e‡j| GB ej, ej bv| ZzNjK Avevi ïiæ Ki‡ZB eoevey Kb‡÷e‡ji w`‡K ZvKvb, Kx †Nvl`v, AvcwbI AvRKvj jvw_ w`‡”Qb bvwK? Kb‡÷e‡ji IqvBd †cÖMb¨v›U| Awdmvi †Kvb w`‡K Bw½Z w`‡”Qb Zv eyS‡Z †c‡i †m ZzNj‡Ki Ryjwc †U‡b `y-Pvi‡U Pzj wQu‡o †`q| Ñ Avn& †Nvl`v| eoevey LvwbK agK w`‡q ZzNj‡Ki w`‡K †d‡ib, †Zv ev‡ci cv-Uv †Zvi bv‡K †j‡MwQj! IUv cv wQj, bv Ab¨ wKQy? ZzB Rvbwj Kx K‡i? ZzNjK Rvbvq, Zvi hLb eQicuv‡PK eqm n‡e, †m Zvi evc-gv‡qi m‡½ `xNvq wM‡qwQj| Zvi GL‡bv g‡b Av‡Q, m‡Ü‡ejv evjyi Ici e‡m Zviv nvRvi nvRvi wUDejvBU‡K mgy‡`ªi Ici AvQvo †L‡q †f‡O †h‡Z †`‡LwQj| mKv‡j wm-we‡P g‡i hvIqv ZvivgvQ †`‡LwQj| mgy‡`ªi Icv‡i Kx Av‡Q, †m †`L‡Z cvqwb| Zey †Kv‡bv-†Kv‡bv iv‡Z Zvi Nyg †f‡O †M‡j †m †`L‡Z †cZ, gv cv‡k Ny‡gv‡”Q, Avi wejøy Lvwj` †eov‡ji g‡Zv R¡jR¡‡j †PvL wb‡q Rvbvjvi w`‡K ZvwK‡q i‡q‡Q| †hb GLbB †m Rvbvjv w`q jvd †K‡U cv‡ki cuvwP‡j D‡V hv‡e| wKš‘ †m wKQyB KiZ bv| nq‡Zv GKUv wewo awi‡q †Q‡ji w`‡K ZvwK‡q _vKZ LvwbK| wejøy Lvwj` bv cvi‡jI jvd w`‡qwQj ZzNjK wb‡RB| 2000 mv‡j wcÖqvsKv †Pvcov wgm Iqvì© n‡jb, I LOVE YOU fvBivm c„w_ex Ry‡o Kw¤úDUv‡i _vev emvj Avi ZzNjK wkey‡K m‡½ wb‡q Kzijv †÷k‡b cv †djj| Zvi mvivkixi SbSb K‡i D‡VwQj| wkey Mvb Mvq, B‡q †ev¤^vB †gwi Rvb| Kv‡b-Kv‡b e‡j, fvB UvKv-cqmv mvg‡j| ZzNjK †cQ‡bi c‡K‡U nvZ w`‡q †÷kb Uvwg©bvj cvi n‡qwQj| †m eovcvI †L‡q kn‡i wg‡k †h‡Z _v‡K| GKUv †nv‡U‡j KvR †bq| iv‡Z Avevi Kzijvq wd‡i Av‡m| †mLv‡b ˆ`wbK 20 UvKv w`‡j GKUv †MvWvD‡b 10-12 R‡bi m‡½ Nygv‡bvi e‡›`ve¯Í cvKv Kiv hvq| Zvici wgWbvB‡U wm‡g›UfwZ© IqvMb Qy‡U †M‡j †m wb‡Ri †fZi †Kgb Uvb Abyfe K‡i| ey‡ov-ey‡ov, †Luvov gvbyl¸‡jv‡K †`L‡jB fv‡e wejøy Lvwj`? GKevi Wej †WKv‡i D‡V †m †hb mviv kn‡i ïay †eov‡ji †PvL †`L‡Z cvq| R¡jR¡‡j wkKvwi †PvL| Ryû we‡Pi Ici jvw_ Klv‡”Q| ZzNjK wVK K‡i Avi bq| Gevi Dj‡Uv jvd †`Iqvi mgq G‡m‡Q| †m jvd w`‡q †hLv‡b G‡jv, †mLv‡b ZZw`‡b eywj msmvi †c‡Z‡Q| Ñ eywj †K? Awdmv‡ii cÖkœ ï‡b ZzNjK Ggb †Pv‡L ZvKvq hvi A_© eywji Aw¯ÍZ¡ GK AbšÍ BwZnv‡mi cvZvq †cÖvw_Z i‡q‡Q| AZGe Zvi g‡Zv AÁ †QvKivi KvQ †_‡K †mB Aw¯Í‡Z¡i e¨vL¨v PvIqv n‡e wbZvšÍB bv`vb cwjwm| wKš‘ ZzNjK eyS‡Z fzj K‡i| cÖkvmb e¨vL¨v Pvq bv, Pvq d¨v±| ZvB eywji ei GKRb jK-AvDU cvU KviLvbvi kÖwgK, GUv Rvbvi c‡iB Awdmvi Pg‡K I‡Vb| eywS †Kv‡bv e„nr m‡Z¨i m¤§yLxb n‡Z P‡j‡Qb wZwb, GB †f‡e, D‡ËRbvq ZzNjK‡K `y-Pvi‡U Po Kwl‡q Avevi Rj †L‡Z †`b| ZzNjK wWmvBW Ki‡Z cv‡i bv RjUv wK †m Møv‡m gyL w`‡q Lv‡e? Møvm Gu‡Uv Ki‡j Avevi gvi Lv‡e bv †Zv? †k‡l EaŸ©Z‡bi gyL †`‡L Avi wi¯‹ †bq bv| Møvm DuPz K‡i Rj Lvq| LvwbK wR‡ivq| †mB my‡hv‡M Awdmvi †Pqvi †_‡K †b‡g Zvi w`‡K GwM‡q Av‡mb| Kb‡÷ej Awdmv‡ii w`‡K ZvwK‡q

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_v‡K| Avnv, GB mgq, Awdmv‡ii ey‡Ui k‡ãi m‡½ †m wK †eov‡ji c`Pvjbvi †Kv‡bv m¤úK© ¯’vcb Ki‡Z †c‡iwQj? m¤¢vebv eoB Kg| †Kbbv eywji Dcw¯’wZ Zv‡K me©`vB KvíwbK K‡i ZzjZ| Zvi wb‡R‡K g‡b n‡Zv †m †hb †jvKvj †Uª‡b cv‡ki wm‡U e‡m _vKv †mB †jvKUv, hvi m¤ú‡K© †m wKQyB Rv‡b bv| wKsev Gme G‡Kev‡i dvjZz| ZzNjK m¤ú‡K© Avgiv B‡Zvg‡a¨ hv aviYv ˆZwi K‡i †d‡jwQ, Zv hw` mwZ¨ nq, Z‡e ZzNj‡Ki c‡ÿ GB m~²Zvq wM‡q wKQy fvev wK Av‡`Š m¤¢e?

Avmj K_v n‡jv, eywji IB iKg †gvUv Mob, Sz‡j hvIqv eyK, †K‡jKzw”QZ gyLgÐj †`‡L ZzNjK GZUvB wgB‡q †hZ †h, †m fveZ Zvi hw` †Kv‡bv m‡nv`iv _vKZ Z‡e †m n‡Zv eywji g‡ZvB Ges †m Zvi †mB bv-m‡nv`iv‡K Kíbv K‡i m‡gn‡b cÖe„Ë n‡Zv cÖvqB| Z‡e GB mgq, hLb Awdmvi Zvi w`‡K GwM‡q Avm‡Qb, Gme K_vi D‡jøL NUbv‡K jNy K‡i †`q eBwK| ZvB Gme K_v AvcvZZ gyjZwe _vK| ei Avgiv B›Uv‡iv‡Mk‡bi w`‡K bRi w`BÑ Ñ eywji e‡ii bvg Kx? Ñ Zcb cÖvgvwYK| Ñ †Kv_vKvi RyU wg‡j KvR KiZ? Ñ nvIov| Ñ KviLvbvi bvg Kx? Ñ †WjUv (cy‡ivcywi Xc| †m ey‡S wM‡qwQj, wKQy-wKQy wmPz‡qk‡b AÁZv‡K ARynvZ wn‡m‡e Lvov Kiv AbywPZ)| Ñ ZzB †Kv‡bvw`b KviLvbvq wM‡qwQwj? Ñ bv| Ñ wVK K‡i ej| Ñ nu¨v| Ñ K‡e? Ñ A‡bKw`b n‡jv| Ñ K‡e? Ñ Qq gvm n‡e| Ñ Kx Ki‡Z wM‡qwQwj? Ñ ILv‡b fzLniZvj nw”Qj| Avgv‡K wb‡q †MwQj| Ñ Avi Kviv wQj? Ñ A‡b‡K| Ñ A‡b‡K Kviv? Ñ wPwb bv| Ñ Kviv wQj? Ñ IB KviLvbvq hviv KvR KiZ| Ñ Kx K‡i Rvbwj, Iiv KviLvbvq KvR KiZ? Ñ ejvewj KiwQj| Ñ Avi Kx ejvewj KiwQj? Ñ KviLvbv K‡e Lyj‡e Ñ Gme| Ñ ZzB †Kb wM‡qwQwj? (ZzNjK Po Lvq) Ñ Avgv‡K wb‡q wMwQj| Ñ eywji ei †Kvb cvwU© K‡i? Ñ Rvwb bv| (Kvbgjv Lvq) Ñ †Kvb cvwU©? Ñ Rvwb bv| (Avevi Po) Ñ †Kvb †Mvcb wgwUs‡q wM‡qwQwj? Ñ ZzNjK Pzc| Ñ wPwVUv Kvi Rb¨ K¨vwi KiwQwj? Ñ wPwVUv Avgvi bv|

Ñ †K †Zv‡K wiµzU K‡iwQj? Ñ DËi †bB| (cv‡qi cvZvi Ici Awdmv‡ii eyU) Ñ Kx †jLv Av‡Q wPwVUvq Rvwbm? Ñ bv| Ñ †Zvi ev‡ci bvg Kx? Ñ Lvwj`| Ñ Awdmvi †n‡m I‡Vb| Kb‡÷ejI| Ñ jvUzqvwMwi‡Z Kevi wM‡qwQwj? Ñ hvBwb| Ñ Zc‡bi m‡½ †Zvi cwiPq K‡e †_‡K? Ñ eQi `yB| Ñ Zcb †Kvb RyU wg‡j KvR KiZ? Ñ ZzNjK AvgZv-AvgZv K‡i| eoevey Kb‡÷ej‡K Bkviv w`‡q evB‡i †ewi‡q Av‡mb| wb‡Ri †Uwe‡j e‡m wm‡MÖU awi‡q †Nvl`v‡K wR‡Ám K‡ib, Kx, mvmwckvm g‡b n‡”Q? Ñ nvBwj| Awdmvi LvwbKÿY PzcPvc wm‡MÖU Lvb| †hb wb‡R‡K ¸wQ‡q wb‡”Qb| Zvici Kb‡÷e‡ji w`‡K ZvwK‡q †n‡m †d‡jb| †Nvl`v f¨vevP¨vKv Lvq, Kx n‡jv m¨vi? Ñ Av”Qv ejyb †Zv GZ iK‡gi KvRKg© _vK‡Z †jvKR‡b Zey c‡KUgvwi Ki‡Z hvq †Kb? †fwi wiw¯‹ Re| GKUz Gavi-Iavi n‡jB cvewj‡Ki †Kjvwb| Zey †Kb? Ñ Iiv Avi Kx Ki‡e m¨vi| †L‡U †Zv †L‡Z Pvq bv| Ñ ZvB? Ñ Avevi Kx? Ñ Avi c‡KUgvi n‡Z †M‡j me †_‡K Av‡M Kx `iKvi jv‡M? Ñ nvZmvdvB| Awdmvi nv‡mb| †hb Zvi nv‡Z wZb‡U †U°vB G‡m †M‡Q| wZwb Avi GKUv wm‡MÖU awi‡q e‡jb, †Nvl`v memgq cyi‡bv g‡Wj wK Avi Kv‡R †`q? Ñ ej‡Qb nvZmvdvB bq? Ñ Dû| Awdmvi `yw`‡K gv_v †b‡o e‡jb, A¨v‡mm‡g›U| Av`vi‡K A¨v‡mm Ki‡Z bv cvi‡j, †Kv‡bvw`b c‡KUgvwi Kiv hvq bv| Kvi c‡K‡U KZ UvKv Av‡Q, Kx †mj‡dvb Av‡Q... Gme hw` †m A¨v‡mm Ki‡Z bv †k‡L Z‡e eyS‡e Kxfv‡e Kvi c‡K‡U KLb nvZ w`‡Z n‡e? Avi Av`vi‡K A¨v‡mm Ki‡Z PvIqvUv GKUv †bkv| bv nq‡Zv †bkvI bv| cÖ¨vKwUm Ae b‡jR| wKsev b‡j‡Ri c¨vUvb©UvB nq‡Zv GUv| †mme †Zv n‡jv, †Nvl`v Gevi cÖe‡j‡gi w`‡K †PvL †divq, Zv gvjUv‡K Kx Ki‡eb? G‡K wK c‡KUgviB fve‡Qb? Avi wPwVUv? †bv wjsK? Ñ A¨ve‡mvjyUwj †bv wjsK| Awdmvi Avo‡gvov †f‡O e‡jb, hvi c‡K‡U nvZ w`‡qwQj wPwVUv ZviB| Zvici evm †_‡K ûogyo K‡i bvg‡Z †M‡j Zzwg I‡K K¨vP K‡iv| Ñ gvjUv‡K †Q‡o †`‡eb? Ñ †i‡L Kx jvf| gvSLvb †_‡K wnDg¨vb ivBUm Xz‡K †M‡j Avevi †K‡jv| Z‡e Ggbfv‡e Qvo‡Z n‡e hv‡Z I eyS‡Z bv cv‡i I‡K Qvov n‡”Q| K_vg‡Zv ZzNjK‡K jKAvc †_‡K evi Ki‡ZB Awdmvi Zv‡K mUvb Po Kwl‡q ûgwK †`b, †Zvi Kv‡Q Avi GKw`b Av‡Q| Kvj‡Ki g‡a¨B GB wPwVUv hvi, Zv‡K GLv‡b ZzB nvwRi Kivwe| Avi bv cvi‡j ZzB Rvwbm Avgiv Kx Ki‡Z cvwi| ZzNjK Kx ej‡Z hvw”Qj, Awdmvi nvZ DuPz Ki‡ZB †m †_‡g hvq| Kb‡÷ej Zv‡K †U‡b _vbvi evB‡i evi

K‡i w`‡q Av‡m| GZÿ‡Y ZzNjK‡K Avgiv cÖvq Zvi HwZnvwmK `„wó‡KvY †_‡K GKRb ZzNjK A_©vr cvMjv‡Mv‡Qi wKQy Ges Awdmvi‡K avÜvevR gvq wkwÿZ e‡j a‡i wb‡qwQ| Gevi duvK-†dvK‡ii w`‡K bRi †`Iqv hvK| GB †h Awdmvi cÖvq wbwØ©avq wm×v‡šÍ G‡jb ZzNjK GKRb e¨_© c‡KUgvi Qvov Avi wKQy bq; Zvi GB wm×v‡šÍ Avmvi cÖ‡mmUv wK m‡›`n‡K AwZµvšÍ Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Q? we‡klZ †ev‡¤^ (gy¤^vB) hvIqvi g‡Zv GZ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© NUbv m¤ú‡K© ZzNjK hLb cÖvq bxie! wkeyi m‡½ Zvi m¤úK© Kx wQj Ñ Avgiv wKš‘ GL‡bv Zv Rvwb bv| Zv Qvov eywj‡`i m‡½ Zvi GB NwbôZv ïayB wK Mí‡K GKwU AvKvi †`Iqvi e¨_© cÖ‡Póv! ZzNjK Zvi gv m¤ú‡K© †Kv‡bv wKQyB e‡j bv †Kb? Dc‡iv³ cÖ_g c¨vivMÖv‡dB ZzNj‡Ki eqv‡b Ô†kÖwYkÎæÕ, ÔivR‰bwZK wePz¨wZÕ Gm‡ei D‡jøL wQj| Z‡e wK GB k㸇jv cÖ‡qvM K‡i Avwg †KejB evK¨web¨vmwU‡K my›`i Ki‡Z †P‡qwQjvg? bvwK ZzNjK m¤ú‡K© GKwU cÖv_wgK aviYv w`‡Z †P‡qwQjvg? ZzNjK‡K wK Avgiv wPb‡Z †c‡iwQ? KZUzKz wW‡UBj wjwce× Ki‡Z cvi‡j GKwU Pwi·K †kl‡gk g‡b nq †m †Kv_vI bv †Kv_vI, KL‡bv bv KL‡bv, †Kv‡bv bv †Kv‡bvfv‡e Dcw¯’Z wQj? Avnv, IB †Zv, PoPvco †L‡q ZzNj‡Ki gyL dz‡j wM‡q‡Q| GLb †m Lywu o‡q-Lywu o‡q iv¯Ív †c‡iv‡”Q| Zv‡K †`L‡j gvqv jv‡M| wVK GB gyn‡~ Z© Avgiv †R‡b †MwQ, wmwiqvq wmwfj Iqv‡i 2 jv‡Li †ewk gvbyl gviv †M‡Q, 90 jv‡Li †ewk NiQvov, Pxb `wÿY Pxb mvM‡i K…wÎg Øxc evwb‡q †d‡j‡Q, 2011 mv‡j mvD_ my`vb bv‡gi Av‡iv GKwU bZzb †`‡ki Rb¥ n‡q‡Q Avi Gme wKQy wb‡q ZzNjK GLb KjKvZvi iv¯Ívq f¨v-f¨v K‡i Nyi‡Q| nvIqvjv‡Zi †fZi †mB 100 cvIqv‡ii ev‡j¦i Mv‡q †j‡M _vKv ay‡jvi g‡ZvB †m †hb µgk †R‡Þ †_‡K hv‡”Q| Zvi fv‡jv jvM‡Q bv| Zey Zv‡K _vK‡Z n‡”Q| cv‡q e¨_v Zey †m nuvU‡Q| †m cÖwZUv ev‡mi w`‡K mRvM`„wó‡Z ZvwK‡q i‡q‡Q| ev‡mi †fZiKvi gvbyl¸‡jvi †fZi, Avkcvk w`‡q †nu‡U hvIqv gvbyl¸‡jvi †fZi †m Lvwj wPwVi gvwjKwU‡K †Luv‡R| Gw`‡K weÁvc‡bi Av‡jv, wmMb¨v‡ji Av‡jv, †`vKvbcvU w`‡q †ewi‡q Avmv Av‡jv Zvi Pviw`‡K †h-cweÎZvi û‡jøvo ˆZwi K‡i‡Q, Zv‡Z †m wei³ nq| Zvici Gfv‡e _vK‡Z-_vK‡Z Zvi me gvbyl‡KB GKB iKg g‡b nq| g‡b nq Zv‡`i mevi gyL GK| g‡b nq Zv‡`i mevi Kuva †_‡K e¨vM Szj‡Q| GB †Zv Zviv ev‡m DV‡Q| GB †Zv Zviv evm †_‡K bvg‡Q| †K GKRb †`Š‡o iv¯Ív cvi n‡q †Mj| Avi GKRb †dv‡b K_v ej‡Z-ej‡Z eyKc‡KU †_‡K wm‡MÖU evi Kij| evwo †divi MwjUv miæ| †kl gv_vq GKUv w÷ªU jvBU R¡j‡Q| †mB Av‡jv mew`‡K mgvbfv‡e c‡owb| gwa¨Lv‡bi GKUv Ask †Zv cÖvq AÜKvi| ZzNj‡Ki Mv-Uv QgQg K‡i I‡V| †KD eywS Zv‡K d‡jv Ki‡Q, GB †f‡e †m Lvwj †cQ‡b ZvKvq| †KD †bB| †bwo KzËviv †W‡K DVj| Avevi Pzc K‡i †Mj| `iRvq †UvKv w`‡ZB Zcb `iRv Lyjj| †cQ‡b eywj| G‡`i †`‡LB ZzNj‡Ki †PvL w`‡q AvcbvAvcwb Rj †b‡g G‡jv| Ñ †Kv_vq wQwjm? G Kx Ae¯’v †Zvi! ZzNjK †Kv‡bv DËi Kij bv| Zc‡bi Mv‡q nvZ w`‡q LvwbK `uvovj| Zcb Zv‡K N‡i wb‡q G‡m †Pqv‡i emvj| †m GKevi eywj‡K †`Lj| Zc‡bi w`‡K †PvL †Nvivj| wKš‘ KvD‡KB Rvbv‡Z cvij bv, Ae‡k‡l wPwVi gvwjKwU‡K †m wP‡b †d‡j‡Q| r

57

wgiæwRb b`xi Zx‡i BKevj AvwRR

a

bx e¨emvqx I ivR‰bwZK †bZv nvwR gvneye Avjx AvR `ycy‡iI fvewQ‡jb, Zvi AvMvgxw`‡bi ivR‰bwZK cwiKíbv wb‡q| GiKg wZwb cÖvqB fv‡eb| Zvi †QvÆ ivR‰bwZK `jwUi bvg Ôbqv evsjv K…lK-kÖwgK †RvUÕ| evsjv‡`‡ki AmsL¨ bvg‡MvÎnxb ivR‰bwZK `j¸‡jvi g‡Zv GI GK c¨vWme©¯^ msMVb| gvneye Avjxi m‡½ hviv mܨv‡ejv g` Lvb, Zvi g‡Zv KziæwPc~Y© hviv Ges hviv cÖvq mevB iv‡Zi †ejvq m¨v‡UjvBU wUwf‡Z D™¢U wnw›` wm‡bgv †`‡L nv-nv K‡i nv‡mb A_ev KL‡bv †Ku‡` eyK fvmvb, A_©vr nvwR gvneye Avjxi †mB eÜzivB g~jZ Zvi `‡ji mg_©K| nvwR gvneye Avjx hLb ivRbxwZ I e¨emv K‡ib, ZLb ¯¿x-cyÎ-Kb¨v‡K †egvjyg fz‡j _v‡Kb| Z‡e mܨvq g`¨cvb I wUwf‡Z wnw›` wm‡bgv †`Lv Ñ gvÎ GB `ywU mgqB nvwR gvneye Avjx fvecÖeY| wKš‘ Ab¨ mg‡q e¨emvqx wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjbKv‡j Ges ivR‰bwZK †bZv wn‡m‡e f‚wgKv ivLvi mgq wZwb GKRb AwZkq eyw×gvb gvbyl| K‡qK eQi Av‡M wZwb nR K‡i‡Qb Ges bv‡gi Av‡M ÔnvwRÕ kãwUi e¨envi ïiæ K‡i‡Qb| GLb cwiwPZ mevB Zvi bv‡gi m‡½ ÔnvwRÕ kãwU ej‡Z Af¨¯Í n‡q D‡V‡Qb| GLb wZwb nvwR gvneye Avjx| Avi Avwg †h GZ K_v ejwQ, Avgvi D‡Ïk¨ Kx? Avgvi D‡Ïk¨ wKQyB bq| Avwg nvwR gvneye Avjxi ¯¿x wkwib myjZvbvi Ab¨Zg e¨_© †cÖwgK| wKš‘ wkwib myjZvbvi R‡b¨ Avgvi †h GZ `ytL Zv KL‡bv c„w_exi KvD‡K wePwjZ K‡iwb| Avi AvwgI KL‡bv

58

wkwib‡K gyL dz‡U ej‡Z cvwiwb †h, Zv‡K Avwg mevi Avov‡j AwZ m‡½vc‡b fv‡jvevwm| G-K_v ejvi †Kv‡bv ÿgZv Avgvi †bB| G-K_v g‡b n‡jB †Pv‡L †f‡m I‡V nvwR gvneye Avjxi †Pnviv, Zvi gwZwS‡ji †P¤^vi Awdm| wZwb †ei n‡”Qb Kv‡jv c¨v›U, Kv‡jv †KvU I Kv‡jv UvB c‡i| †Pv‡L Kv‡jv i‡Oi mvbMøvm| Avi gv_vq wm‡éi mv`v †Mvj Uzwc| bv‡gi Av‡M ÔnvwRÕ kãwU e¨envi Kivi ci †_‡K Zvi ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡bi cwieZ©b nqwb, Z‡e evB‡i hZÿY _v‡Kb Zvi wm‡éi mv`v UzwcwU memgq gv_vq _v‡K| wK¬b †kfW, wKš‘ †MuvdwU †h †ek h‡Zœ jvwjZ Zv †`‡LB †Ui cvIqv hvq| we‡Kj‡ejvq Avwg hLb nvwR gvneye Avjxi †Q‡j I †g‡q‡K cov‡Z hvB ZLb Zvi m‡½ Avgvi †`Lv nq bv| we‡K‡j wZwb evB‡i _v‡Kb ivR‰bwZK ev e¨emvwqK Kg©KvÐ wb‡q| Avi m‡Ü‡ejv hLb N‡i wd‡i g` Lvb, Zvi Av‡MB Avwg P‡j Avwm Zvi evwo †_‡K Avgvi †jLvcov †kLv‡bvi `vwqZ¡wU cvjb K‡i| Avgvi m‡½ Rxe‡b wZb-Pviev‡ii †ewk nvwR gvney‡ei †`Lv nqwb| wKš‘ cÖwZgyn~‡Z© Zvi Dcw¯’wZ Avwg Abyfe Kwi, GgbwK Avwg hLb Zvwbqv I wknve‡K covB, ZL‡bv Lye Mfxifv‡e Abyfe Kwi| g‡b nq, nvwR gvneye Avgvi †cQ‡b `uvwo‡q Av‡Qb Ges Zvi wbk¦vm Avgvi Nv‡o co‡Q| †mw`b Avwg hvw”Qjvg ÔgaywgZvÕ wm‡bgv n‡ji w`‡K| `ycy‡i fvwm©wU‡Z K¬vm wQj bv, Avwg †ewi‡q cojvg| G Avgvi GK wcÖq kL; hLb KvR _v‡K bv, Avwg †nu‡U †eovB kn‡ii wewfbœ iv¯Ív w`‡q| Z‡e we‡K‡j wUDkwbi mgq Avwg Lye wmwiqvm, G‡Kev‡i

AjsKiY : me¨mvPx nvRiv

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mvivw`b †ivUvwi K¬ve Avi bvix Dbœq‡bi KvR K‡i †eovb| Z‡e we‡Kj‡ejvUv wZwb evmvq _v‡Kb| G-mgq wZwb wekÖvg †bb, ZLb mvivw`‡bi DMÖ mvRm¾v Zvi _v‡K bv, PgrKvi evwU‡Ki KvR Kiv mywZi kvwo c‡i wkwib myjZvbv G-Ni †_‡K †m-N‡i †nu‡U †eovb| Avwg ZLb wknve I Zvwbqv‡K covB| wknve K¬vm GB‡U Avi Zvwbqv c‡o K¬vm dvB‡f| wkwib Avgv‡K wbR nv‡Z Kwd I †mB m‡½ bv¯Ív evwb‡q †L‡Z †`b cÖvq cÖwZw`b| G-ch©šÍ Zvi Abycw¯’wZ‡Z gvÎ `y-wZb w`b evmvq PvKi wKsev Kv‡Ri †g‡q GB `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i‡Q| AvR B‡ËdvK †gv‡o Ô†`keÜz †i÷z‡i‡›UÕ c‡ivUv-fvwR †Ljvg| GB Avgvi `ycy‡ii Lvevi| †hw`b n‡j LvB bv, †mw`b cÖvqB Gfv‡e †L‡q wbB| Ô†`keÜzÕ †_‡K †ewi‡q h_vixwZ gaywgZv n‡ji mvg‡b wKQyUv mgq KvUvjvg| Zvici evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki †gvo †_‡K ev‡m †P‡c ¸jkvb GK b¤^‡i nvwR gvney‡ei evwo‡Z nvwRi njvg| wknve I Zvwbqv‡K covw”Q †`vZjvi Wªwqsiæ‡g, Avi e¨vjKwb‡Z e‡m Mí Ki‡Qb wkwib I †gRi (Ae.) †mwjg Lvb| nvwR gvney‡ei Nwbô eÜz I ivR‰bwZK mn‡hvMx wn‡m‡e †mwjg Lvb G-evmvq cÖvq cÖwZw`‡bi wbqwgZ AwZw_| bqv evsjv K…lK-kÖwgK †Rv‡Ui mfvcwZ nvwR gvneye I mvaviY m¤úv`K †gRi (Ae.) †mwjg Lvb| `yR‡bB cyi‡bv eÜz I ci¯úi‡K ÔZzBÕ e‡jb| cuvP eQi n‡jv †mwjg Lv‡bi ¯¿x gviv †M‡Qb, wZwb DËivq Zvi wekvj evwo‡Z GKv _v‡Kb| Zvi GKgvÎ †Q‡j Av‡gwiKvq cov‡kvbv K‡i| GB gyn~‡Z© nvwR gvney‡ei ¯¿x wkwib

59

I †gRi (Ae.) †mwjg Lvb Mí Ki‡Qb, Zv‡`i K_v ejv I nvwmi kã Avwg ïb‡Z cvw”Q| nvwR gvneye evmvq †d‡ib mܨvi ci, mܨvi ci Zv‡`i Ab¨ iƒc| †mB iƒc Avwg GKw`bB †`‡LwQjvg| †mevi Riæwi cÖ‡qvR‡b Avgv‡K MÖv‡gi evwo †h‡Z n‡qwQj| ïµevi Avgvi QywUi w`b| Avwg Avi c‡b‡iv w`b cov‡Z cvie bv Ñ G-K_v Rvbv‡Z wM‡qwQjvg nvwR gvney‡ei evwo ïµevi mܨvi ci| †mw`b mܨvi c‡i Kwjs‡ej K‡qKevi wUcjvg, †`wL †KD Avm‡Q bv| GKUz c‡i Kv‡Ri †g‡q G‡m `iRv Ly‡j w`‡jv| Avwg wmuwo w`‡q †`vZjvi Wªwqsiæ‡g Avm‡ZB GK A‡Pbv `„k¨ †`Ljvg| †`Ljvg nvwR gvneye, wkwib, †gRi †mwjg Ges Av‡iv GKRb A‡Pbv †jvK Qwo‡q-wQwU‡q e‡m Av‡Qb Ges wKQyUv †Rv‡i AmsjMœ Avjvc-Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Qb| Zv‡`i mevi nv‡Z cvbcvÎ| ï‡bwQjvg AvRKvj XvKvq wKQy weËev‡bi evwo‡Z wbqwgZ g`¨cv‡bi Avmi e‡m, †mw`b †m-`„k¨wU ¯^P‡ÿ †`‡LwQjvg| Avgv‡K †`‡L mevB †Kgb †hb wei³, Avwg Wªwqsiæ‡g `iRvq `uvwo‡q _vKjvg| Avgv‡K iÿv Ki‡jb wkwib myjZvbv, wZwb cvbcvÎ nv‡ZB Avgvi w`‡K GwM‡q G‡jb| Zvici †n‡m ej‡jb, ÔKx g›Uz †Zvgvi Riæwi †Kv‡bv `iKvi Av‡Q?Õ Avwg ms‡ÿ‡c Avgvi Kw`b XvKvq bv _vKvi e¨vcviwU Zv‡K ejjvg| Zvi evK¨ †Kgb †hb Rwo‡q-Rwo‡q hvw”Qj, wZwb ej‡jb, ÔwVK Av‡Q, Amyweav †bB| Z‡e Zzwg Avi †Kv‡bvw`b

Ges †mBm‡½ Ac~e© †`n‡mŠôe Zvi| gd¯^‡ji ga¨weË iƒcmx †g‡q‡`i †jLvcov †kl Kivi my‡hvM nq bv| bvBb-†U‡b covi mgq †_‡K Zv‡`i GKUvbv we‡qi cÖ¯Íve Avm‡Z _v‡K, KviY Kb¨v iƒcmx I †hŠebeZx| abx e¨emvqx I ivR‰bwZK †bZv nvwR gvneye Zvi weË I ÿgZvi †Rv‡i hgybvcvo †_‡K we‡q K‡i G‡bwQ‡jb iƒcmx wkwib‡K| wkwibI Lywk n‡qwQ‡jb, Zvi g‡b n‡qwQj cvovi Ab¨ †g‡q‡`i Zzjbvq wZwb KZ fvM¨eZx| wmivRM‡Äi GwjqU weª‡Ri Icv‡i Ôevwni‡MvjvÕ bv‡gi GK AL¨vZ cvov †_‡K wZwb mivmwi P‡j G‡m‡Qb XvKvi ¸jkv‡b| wejvwmZvi me DcKiYB Zvi nv‡Zi bvMv‡j| wkwib ej‡jb, Ôg›Uz, †Zvgvi QvÎQvÎx‡K QywU w`‡q `vI|Õ wknve I Zvwbqv Lywk n‡q P‡j †Mj Zv‡`i N‡i| wkwib ej‡jb, ÔZzwg Avevi Avgv‡K †mB KweZvUv c‡o †kvbvI|Õ Zvi cÖvZ¨wnK †ivUvwi K¬ve I bvix Dbœq‡bi cvkvcvwk G GK A™¢zZ †Lqvj, wmivRM‡Ä evsjvq Abvm© covi mgq wZwb Rxebvb‡›`i KweZv c‡owQ‡jb Ges Rxebvb‡›`i GKwU gvÎ KweZvi GKwU cO&w³‡K Zvi welYœ I wbtkã gyn~‡Z©i cig m½x wn‡m‡e wb‡q‡Qb| Avi G-e¨vcv‡i Zv‡K mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z nq Avgv‡K Ñ G GK m¤ú~Y© Awek¦vm¨ e¨vcvi; wKš‘ c„w_exi A‡bK KvjRqx Dcb¨v‡mi m‡Z¨i †P‡qI KwVb mZ¨ G-e¨vcviwU| Avwg ax‡i-ax‡i ejjvg Ñ c„w_ex cÖexY Av‡iv n‡q hvq wgiæwRb b`xwUi Zx‡i|

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Rxebvb‡›`i GB KweZvUv Avwg fv‡jvfv‡e eyS‡ZI cvwi bv| wkwib ej‡jb, ÔZzwg wK wgiæwRb b`x wK Rvb? c„w_exi †Kv_vI wK G-b`x Av‡Q?Õ Avwg ejjvg, ÔG-b`xi bvg Avwg †Kv‡bv eB‡ZB cvBwb|Õ wZwb ej‡jb, ÔAvwg GB b`xwU‡K GKevi ¯^‡cœi g‡a¨ †`‡LwQ| Lye cÖvPxb GK cÖv‰MwZnvwmK b`x| Pvicv‡k iæÿ cv_y‡i cvnvo, GKwUI e„ÿ †bB| AvKv‡k Mfxi Kv‡jv †gN| cv_y‡i cvnv‡oi g‡a¨ myZxeª †mªvZ, b`x e‡q hvq| wgiæwRb b`x| GB b`xi RjI Kv‡jv| Avwg GKw`b wgiæwRb b`xi Zx‡i hv‡ev|Õ wkwib hLb Gme K_v ejwQ‡jb, ZLb g‡b nw”Qj bv, GB wkwibB mvivw`b †ivUvwi K¬ve wb‡q e¨¯Í _v‡Kb, bvixev`x ZË¡ wb‡q PgrKvi e³…Zv †`b| GB †mB wkwib myjZvbv whwb cÖwZw`b mܨvi ci ¯^vgx I ¯^vgxi eÜz‡`i m‡½ evmvq e‡m g`¨cvb K‡ib Ges AmsjMœ K_v e‡jb, Kɯ^i I evK¨ ZLb Rwo‡q Av‡m Z›`ªv”Qbœ mvܨ evDjMv‡bi g‡Zv| Avgvi w`b †ZgbB Av‡Q, fvwm©wU‡Z GK‡N‡q K¬vm, gv‡S-gv‡S iv¯Ívq Ny‡i †eov‡bv I †mBm‡½ ¸jkv‡b nvwR gvney‡ei evwo‡Z wUDkwb| e„n¯úwZ I ïµevi Avwg cov‡Z hvB bv| GgbB GK weiwZi ci Avwg GKw`b kwbevi we‡K‡j ¸jkv‡b wknve I Zvwbqv‡K cov‡Z †Mjvg| †mw`b AcÖZ¨vwkZfv‡e nvwR gvneye‡K evmvq †cjvg| Avwg Av‡Mi

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g‡ZvB Zv‡K †`‡L fq †cjvg, †Kb Rvwb bv Zv‡K Avwg fq cvB cÖ_g †`Lvi ci †_‡K| wKš‘ Kx Avðh©, nvwR gvney‡ei K‡É †mB Av‡Mi iæÿZv †bB, †PnvivI †Kgb †hb gøvb| nvwR gvney‡ei cv‡k wknve I Zvwbqv| wknve I Zvwbqv gv‡qi †mŠ›`h© †c‡q‡Q, `yR‡bi †PnvivB Lye my›`i| nvwR gvneye ej‡jb, ÔAvcwb `y-wZbw`b c‡i cov‡Z Avm‡eb| Avgv‡`i GKUz mgm¨v n‡q‡Q| Avcwb wKQy g‡b Ki‡eb bv|Õ iæÿ I e`‡gRvwR ¯^fv‡ei nvwR gvney‡ei KvQ †_‡K Ggb f`ª e¨envi I webq Avwg KL‡bvB Avkv Kwiwb| Avwg ejjvg, Ô`y-wZbw`b c‡iB cov‡Z Avme|Õ wmuwo w`‡q †b‡g AvmwQ; †`Ljvg, wknveI Avgvi †cQb-†cQb †b‡g Avm‡Q| Avwg Zvi w`‡K ZvKvjvg| †m ejj, Ôm¨vi, Av¤§v Avcbv‡K †`Lv Ki‡Z e‡j‡Qb|Õ Avwg ejjvg, ÔDwb †Kv_vq?Õ wknve c‡KU †_‡K GKUv KvMR †ei K‡i w`‡jv, †mB KvM‡R wkwi‡bi eZ©gvb wVKvbv †jLv Av‡Q| iv‡Z fvwm©wUi n‡j wd‡i wVKvbv †jLv KvMRUv evievi †`Ljvg| †gRi (Ae.) †mwjg Lv‡bi DËivi evwoi wVKvbv| iv‡Z ï‡q-ï‡q fvejvg, wkwib †Kb nvwR gvney‡ei evmv †Q‡o DËivq †mwjg Lv‡bi evmvq? Zvici fvejvg, wZwb wgiæwRb b`xi Zx‡i †h‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb, wZwb wK †mB ¯^cœgq Rxebvb›`xq b`xi mÜvb †c‡q‡Qb? GiKg A‡bK cÖ‡kœi Reve †cjvg bv| ivZ GMv‡ivUvi w`‡K nj †Q‡o †ewi‡q gv‡Vi g‡a¨ Nyijvg| †`Ljvg AvKv‡k gøvb Puv` I mv`v †gN †n‡m †eov‡”Q| Rqbv‡ji †`vKvb †_‡K wmMv‡iU wKbjvg| fvejvg, Avgvi g„Zz¨i ciI Avgvi g‡Zv †KD nq‡Zv bxj‡ÿ‡Zi gv‡V Ggb †nu‡U †eov‡e| Gfv‡e GKwU Rxe‡bi Aemvb Ges Av‡iv A‡bK Rxe‡bi ïiæ| `ywbqvi GgbB wbqg| †mw`b A‡bK iv‡Z Avwg Nywg‡qwQjvg| ciw`b we‡K‡j Avwg †mwjg Lv‡bi DËivi evmvq †Mjvg| mvZ b¤^i †m±‡ii GB wekvj evwo‡Z wZwb GKv _v‡Kb K‡qKRb PvKi wb‡q| Kwjs‡ej evRv‡ZB Kv‡Ri †g‡q `iRv Ly‡j Avgv‡K emvi N‡i wb‡q G‡jv| Avwg †`Ljvg N‡i GKv †mwjg Lvb e‡m| wZwb †Uwj‡dv‡b Kvi m‡½ †hb K_v ej‡Qb| wKQyÿY Zuvi K_vevZ©v ï‡b eySjvg, wZwb †Uwj‡dv‡b nvwR gvneye Avjxi m‡½ K_v ej‡Qb| Avwg †mwjg Lv‡bi w`‡K ZvKvjvg, wZwb Avgv‡K nvZ w`‡q emvi Bw½Z Ki‡jb Ges †dv‡b K_v ejv Ae¨vnZ ivL‡jb| wZwb ej‡jb, Ôgvneye, ZzB †h-cwiw¯’wZi wi‡qwjwU eyS‡Z †c‡iwQm, w`m BR †fwi cwRwUf| †Zvi weiæ‡× KL‡bv lohš¿ Kwiwb Ges KieI bv| gvby‡li g‡bi Ici Kv‡iv wbqš¿Y †bB| hv N‡U‡Q Zv Avgv‡`i †g‡b wb‡ZB n‡e| wkwib e‡j‡Q, wknve I Zvwbqvi Ici Ii †Kv‡bv `vwe †bB| myZivs †Zvi mšÍvb‡`i e¨vcv‡i ZzB wbwðšÍ _vK| Avi †Kv‡bv ¯‹¨vÛvj hv‡Z bv nq, cwÎKvq hv‡Z †Kv‡bv Av‡Rev‡R Lei bv †ei nq Ñ †m-e¨vcv‡i †Zvi g‡Zv AvwgI m‡PZb _vKe| †Zvi Avi Avgvi `yR‡bi m¤§vb Gi m‡½ RwoZ| Avi Ôbqv evsjv K…lK kÖwgK †RvUÕ wUwK‡q ivL‡ZB n‡e| Gi m‡½ ïay †Zvi Avi Avgvi e¨w³MZ ¯^v_©B bq; Av‡iv A‡bK wKQy RwoZ| Avwg cvwU©i †Rjv ch©v‡qi †bZv‡`i m‡½ †hvMv‡hvM KiwQ| ZzB AvMvgxKvj mKv‡j †dvb Kiwe| iscyi I bxjdvgvix †Rjvq Gev‡ii eb¨vq AvµvšÍ‡`i ÎvY I mvnv‡h¨i e¨vcv‡i cvwU©i cÿ †_‡K wKQy Kiv hvq wKbv fvev `iKvi| Av”Qv wVK Av‡Q, GLb ivLwQ|Õ `xN©ÿY K_v e‡j †dvb †i‡L †mwjg Lvb Avgvi w`‡K ZvwK‡q nvm‡jb| nvwR gvney‡ei †P‡q Avwg †mwjg Lvb‡K GKUz Kg fq cvB| wZwb †ek nvwmLywk I cÖvY‡Lvjv gvbyl Avi Avgv‡K wZwb ÔZzwgÕ e‡j Wv‡Kb| Z‡e Zv‡`i ÔfvBÕ e‡j WvKvi mvnm Avgvi †bB| Zv‡`i `yRb‡KB Avwg Ôm¨viÕ e‡j WvwK| †gRi (Ae.) †mwjg ej‡jb, Ôg›Uz, †Zvgvi Kx Lei? †Zvgv‡`i fvwm©wUi Kx Ae¯’v?

Avwg ejjvg, ÔAv‡Mi †P‡q fv‡jv| Z‡e †h-†Kv‡bv mgq Avevi Lvivc n‡Z cv‡i Aek¨| QvÎiv wb‡R‡`i Kj¨vY wKsev †jLvcovi mgm¨v wb‡q †Kv‡bv Av‡›`vjb Ki‡Z Pvq bv| Iiv ivNe-†evqvj‡`i wb‡`©k †g‡b P‡j| Gme Kvi‡Y †`‡ki K‡qKUv g~j mgm¨vi mgvavb n‡”Q bv|Õ †gRi (Ae.) †mwjg Lvb Avgvi w`‡K ZvwK‡q nvm‡jb; ej‡jb, Ô†Zvgv‡`i evsjv‡`‡ki g~j mgm¨v¸wj mgvav‡bi Rb¨ m„wóKZ©v‡K †¯úkvj cwiKíbv wb‡Z n‡e| Zvn‡j hw` wKQy nq!Õ GB K_v e‡j wZwb nv nv K‡i nvm‡jb| Ggb mgq N‡i XzK‡jb wkwib myjZvbv| wkwi‡bi †Pv‡Lgy‡L Lywki QUv| Avi jÿ Kijvg, Av‡Mi †P‡q Zv‡K A‡bK my›`ix jvM‡Q| wkwib‡K †`‡L Avwg D‡V `uvovjvg| wkwib ej‡jb, ÔAvgv‡K †`‡L Zzwg `uvovI †Kb? Avwg wK †Zvgvi m¨vi bvwK? Avi KL‡bv Gfv‡e `uvov‡e bv|Õ Gevi wZwb †mwjg Lv‡bi w`‡K ZvwK‡q ej‡jb, Ô†mwjg, †Wv›U gvBÛ, Ab¨ N‡i hvI| Avwg g›Uzi m‡½ GKUz Kbwd‡Wbwkqvj K_v eje|Õ †gRi (Ae.) †mwjg GKUz †n‡m Avgvi w`‡K ZvwK‡q Ab¨ N‡i P‡j †M‡jb| GB cÖ_g Avwg wkwi‡bi gy‡L GK ai‡bi mjvR `yózwgi Qvqv †`Ljvg| wZwb nvZ w`‡q Avgv‡K emvi Bw½Z K‡i wb‡RI Avgvi gy‡LvgywL em‡jb| ej‡jb, ÔZzwg Lye AevK n‡q‡Qv, ZvB bv?Õ Avwg Pzc K‡i Zvi w`‡K ZvwK‡q _vKjvg| wkwib ej‡jb, Ô†mwj‡gi Kv‡Q G‡m Rxe‡b A‡bKw`b ci GKUv gyw³i Avb›` †c‡qwQ| Avgvi g‡b nq, Avwg GLb wgiæwRb b`xi A‡bK Kv‡Q Avm‡Z †c‡iwQ| Zzwg GKw`b wVK †`‡L wb‡qv g›Uz, c„w_exi g‡Zv AvwgI GKw`b cÖexY n‡q wgiæwRb b`xi Zx‡i P‡j hve| †hLv‡b †mvbvwj Av¸b mwZ¨B R¡j‡Q R‡ji †fZi GK Avðh© Rv`ye‡j|Õ gvby‡li K_v †h GZ Kve¨vµvšÍ n‡Z cv‡i †m-aviYv Avgvi wQj bv| wKš‘ wkwi‡bi K_vi g‡a¨ Avwg GKBm‡½ Rxeb I Kv‡e¨i ev¯ÍeZv‡K Abyf‡ei †Póv Kijvg| Avwg ejjvg, ÔwKš‘ wknve I Zvwbqvi Kx n‡e?Õ wkwib wKQyUv ÿzä n‡jb Avgvi K_v ï‡b| ej‡jb, Ôwek¦vm K‡iv g›Uz, I‡`i R‡b¨ Avgvi †Kv‡bv wdwjsm †bB| I‡`i ïay Avwg †c‡U a‡iwQjvg, Zvici wdwi‡q w`‡qwQ I‡`i evevi Kv‡Q| GLv‡b ü`‡qi †Kv‡bv ¯úk© †bB| AvB †bfvi jvfW nvwR gvneye A¨vÛ wnR WUvi A¨vÛ mvb|Õ Avwg iƒcmx wkwi‡bi g‡a¨ GK ü`qnxbv‡K Luy‡R †cjvg, GZw`b a‡i hvi iƒc I †mŠ›`‡h©i Avwg AÜf³ Ñ GLb Zvi g‡a¨ Avwg fqsKi welv³ GK wekvj †MvL‡iv mv‡ci dYv †`L‡Z †cjvg; my›`ix wkwi‡bi gyL Ges †mB mv‡ci dYvwU †hb cvkvcvwk `yj‡Q| A‡bK Av‡M e¨vwejb I wgk‡i Avwg †hb Rxebvb›` `v‡ki cv‡k `uvwo‡q wkwib‡K †`‡LwQ| wkwib †ZgbB Avcbg‡b e‡j hv‡”Qb, Ôg›Uz, Zzwg Avgv‡K N„Yv K‡iv bv| Avgvi Avi Kv‡iv cÖwZB fv‡jvevmv †bB, †gvn †bB| †mwjg Avgvi Rxe‡b GKUv †÷kb| GKw`b Avwg mwZ¨B P‡j hve wgiæwRb b`xi Zx‡i|Õ Avwg GLb DËivq †h-evmvq G‡mwQ, Zvi wKQy `~‡iB Gqvi‡cvU©| †`k-we‡`‡ki wegvb Avm‡Q Ges hv‡”Q| †Kv_vq KZ `~‡i P‡j hv‡e Gme wegvb| GB gyn~‡Z© Rvbvjv w`‡q †`L‡Z †cjvg, GKwU wekvj wegvb D‡o‡Q AvKv‡ki w`‡K| GB wegvb †Kv_vq hv‡e? hw` Zv mg‡qi euvab wQu‡o AZxZ wKsev fwel¨‡Zi Ae‡PZb AÜKv‡ii w`‡K †h‡Z cviZ, Z‡e nq‡Zv wgiæwRb b`xi nw`m wgjZ| wgiæwRb b`xi Zx‡i †PZbvi †Kv‡bv Ae‡PZb wegvbe›`‡i nq‡Zv Avgv‡`i †m-wegvb GKw`b bvg‡e| ZLb nq‡Zv wkwib myjZvbvi m‡½ Avgvi Avevi †`Lv n‡e| r

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63

mxgviv P‡j hvIqvi ci Zvi †ek KvUwQj| cyi‡bv Kv‡Ri †jvK‡`i Qvwo‡q w`‡q‡Q| Zv‡`i Kv‡R †Kv‡bv ÎæwU wQj bv, KvgvBI eo GKUv KiZ bv, †Kej eDw` Avi ev”PvUvi K_v ZzjZ Qy‡ZvbvZvq| cyi‡bv ivbœvi gvwm Avevi cÖvqB mewRi Szwo, wd«‡Ri †cQb, K¨vwe‡b‡Ui g‡a¨ †_‡K GKUv jvj ej, GKUv cyZ‡z ji cv, GKUv †Ljbv †gvevBj †ei K‡i AvbZ| wbwL‡ji g‡b n‡Zv Zvi ev hvB †nvK mxgvi ev”PvUvi †d‡j hvIqv †Ljbvi m¤¢vi Szwo AdzišÍ| †KvbvKvw †_‡K †e‡iv‡”Q †Zv †e‡iv‡”QB| bvwK gvwm wb‡Ri bvZwbi †Ljbv jywK‡q wb‡q G‡m Gfv‡e wbwLj‡K †LuvPv‡Z PvB‡Q? wbwLj cÎcvV gvwm‡K Zvovj| Zvi Lye Amyweav n‡jv hw`I| g‡bi g‡Zv †jvK cvIqv †Mj bv, `y-wZb‡U †jvK cvjUv‡bvi ci †nvg †Wwjfvwi‡Z w_Zz n‡jv wbwLj| GKUv DcKvi n‡q‡Q Aek¨| †m UzKUvK ivbœv Ki‡Z wk‡L wb‡q‡Q| ivbœvN‡i cÖ_g-cÖ_g XzK‡Z Zvi fq KiZ| mxgvi †g‡q iægwK, hv‡K I UzgUzwg e‡j WvKZ, ivbœvi gvwmi m‡½ Zvi wQj fvwi fve| †m A‡bK mgq ivbœvN‡ii mvg‡b e‡m †LjZ Zvi GK UvefwZ© †Ljbv wb‡q| gv‡S-gv‡SB †m Zvi ej Mwo‡q w`Z gvwmi w`‡K| Ag‡jU Ki‡Z-Ki‡Z wK †Uv÷v‡i iæwU †muK‡Z-†muK‡Z wbwL‡ji fq KiZ Zvi w`‡KI hw` ej Mwo‡q Av‡m! †m ZbœZbœ K‡i ivbœvNi, evwoi cÖwZwU †KvY, KvevW©, Avjgvwii †cQb cwi®‹vi K‡i †djj| Gi d‡j †m hv PvBwQj, evwo‡K wkï-†LjbvewR©Z Ki‡Z, Zv †Zv n‡jvB, evowZ RÄvj, ay‡jvgqjv `~i n‡q Ni¸‡jv bZzb K‡i †m‡R DVj| mxgv Ggwb ¸wQ‡q ¯^fv‡eiB wQj| wKš‘ ev”Pv, Awdm mvgjv‡Z wM‡q B`vbxs Ni‡`v‡ii w`‡K gb w`‡Z cv‡iwb| Zvi Ici †cÖg-†Uªg¸‡jv †Zv wQjB| wb‡Ri nv‡Z mvRv‡bv GKUv meyR e¨vjKwb‡Z `uvwo‡q wbwLj fvej, Zvi Rxe‡b Gevi GKUv †cÖg Avm‡ZB cv‡i| Z‡e we‡q ev wjf Uz‡M`vi G‡Kev‡iB bq| G-evwo‡Z †Kv‡bv bvixwP‡ýi ¯’vqx emwZ †m mn¨ Ki‡e bv| GB fvebvi gvmLv‡b‡Ki g‡a¨ kÖveYxi m‡½ Avjvc n‡jv Zvi| kÖveYx Wv³vi, m¤úªwZ ea©gvb †gwWK¨vj K‡j‡R e`wj n‡q‡Q| †fv‡ii †Uª‡b hvq Avi m‡Üi †Uª‡b †d‡i| weevnwew”Qbœv, iæwe Kv‡b±‡ii Kv‡Q wbR¯^ d¬¨vU Av‡Q Zvi| GK †W-A‡di w`b wbwLj‡K †m WvKj Zvi d¬¨v‡U| NUbvP‡µ wbwL‡ji †mw`b QywU wQj| eû gvm ci w`bUv PgrKvi KvUj Zvi| gv‡b m‡Ü †_‡K ga¨iv‡Zi wKQy Av‡M ch©š|Í †h‡nZz kÖveYx‡K ciw`b †fviiv‡Z DV‡Z n‡e, ZvB wbwLj‡K †m †_‡K †h‡Z ejj bv| kÖveYx A¨v‡gwRs KzK, Zvi evbv‡bv Kveve †L‡q wbwLj †gvwnZ| G Qvov Zvi †mjv‡i DrK…ó IqvBb m¤¢vi Avi kÖveYxi Z¡K, IqvB‡bi g‡Zv is Avi †Kgb †hb bve¨Zv Av‡Q Zvi| cÖ_g iv‡ZB wbwLj †f‡m †Mj| hw`I evwo wd‡i Avmvi ci cÖ_g †h-K_vUv Zvi g‡b n‡jv Zv nj kÖveYxi Li‡Pi nvZ| kÖveYx cÖwZ mßv‡n Gfv‡e wb‡Ri d¬¨v‡U wbwLj‡K PvB‡e Ges †mB Awfmv‡ii mg¯Í LiP †m-B enb Ki‡e, GUv †f‡e fvwi Avivg n‡jv Zvi| wbwL‡ji g‡b coj wecixZ iwZi Zz½-gyn‡~ Z© kÖveYx Zv‡K e‡jwQj Ô†bfvi †Wqvi Uz evB Bfb gvB jRvwi| w`R Avi Uz G·‡cbwmf|Õ Av‡jv g„`y g~Qb© vq weQvbvq Ly‡j ivLv kÖveYxi jRvwi †e¸wb AwK©‡Wi ¸‡”Qi g‡Zv gnvN© g‡b n‡qwQj wbwL‡ji| gvmLv‡bK GKiKg nvIqvq †f‡m-†f‡m †K‡U †Mj wbwL‡ji| Gi g‡a¨ GKw`b mxgv G‡mwQj UzgUzwg‡K wb‡q| Ii ¯‹jz †PÄ Ki‡e, B›UviwfD‡qi w`b wbwLj‡K hvIqvi Aby‡iva Ki‡Z| ÔIi evev‡K e‡jv gv‡b Ii ev‡qvjwRK¨vj evev‡K|Õ mxgv Ii w`‡K w¯’i †Pv‡L †P‡q ejj, ÔZv‡KB †Zv ejwQ|Õ Ôgv‡b!Õ

64

ÔwbwLj, ZzwgB UzgUzwgi evev| Gi Av‡M hv e‡jwQ me wg‡_¨| IBiKg †Kv‡bv †jvK Avgvi Rxe‡b †bB-B †Zv †m UzgUzwgi evev n‡e †Kv‡Ì‡K?Õ bvn&, mxgv Gevi m‡n¨i mxgv Qvwo‡q hv‡”Q| Ô†nvqvU `¨ †nj BD Avi UwKs A¨vevDU?Õ ÔAvwg ejwQ, Zzwg Avgvi GK Ges GKgvÎ ¯^vgx Ges UzgUzwgi GK Ges GKgvÎ evev|Õ ÔZvn‡j Zzwg IiKg K_v e‡jwQ‡j †Kb? †Kv‡bv †g‡q Ggb K_v ej‡Z cv‡i? Kx †Zvgvi jvf?Õ mxgv Gevi kã K‡i †n‡m DVj| nvm‡Z-nvm‡Z †Pv‡L Rj P‡j G‡jv Zvi| ÔAvwg †`L‡Z PvBwQjvg Avgv‡`i m¤úK©Uv GB †QvÆ wg‡_¨i fvi wb‡Z cv‡i wKbv|Õ I‡K m¤ú~Y© nZf¤^ K‡i †i‡L mxgv UzgUzwg‡K wb‡q †ewi‡q †Mj| Avi Zvi ciw`b wbwLj ï‡Z wM‡q Avwe®‹vi Kij Zvi evwj‡ki cv‡k †mvbvwj PzjIqvjv GKwU bvixgyÐ| cÖ_‡gB Ii m‡›`n coj mxgvi Ici| mxgv wK Kvj G‡m †i‡L †Mj GUv? †ek wKQyÿY Gcvk-Icvk Kivi ci †m fvej gyÐUv gqjvi evjwZ‡Z †d‡j †`‡e| cvij bv| mvBW †Uwe‡j †i‡L w`‡jv Zvi e`‡j| Rj †L‡q ï‡Z wM‡q †`Lj †g‡mR G‡m‡Q| kÖveYxi †g‡mR| hvi †gvÏvK_v, Kvj Zvi evwo‡Z wKQy †M÷ Avm‡Q ZvB Zv‡`i wba©vwiZ †cÖvMÖvg K¨vb‡mjW n‡”Q| gv‡b Kveve, IqvBb, kÖveYxi bve¨ kixi Ñ me evwZj! wbwL‡ji Nyg G‡jv bv eûÿY Aewa| kÖveYxi †M÷m! e¨vcviUv Zvi Kv‡Q fxlY m‡›`nRbK g‡b n‡jv| kÖveYx †Zv evieviB e‡j, †m Zvi weevwnZ Rxe‡b e‡ii †RvivRywi‡Z GZ cvwU© w`‡q‡Q, GZ †M÷ A¨v‡UÛ K‡i‡Q †h, Gme mvgvwRKZvq GLb Zvi ewg Av‡m| †m Zvi evwoi wbf…wZ wKQy‡ZB bó n‡Z †`‡e bv, wbwLj Avi Zvi Kv‡Ri †jvK Qvov evwo‡Z KvD‡K †m †XvKv‡e bv| †mLv‡b kÖveYxi evwo‡Z †M÷m! GK mßvn Zvi †Kgb weå‡gi g‡a¨ †K‡U †Mj| AvR Avevi kÖveYxi †W-Ad| wbwLj D‡ËwRZ| wKš‘ mKvj †_‡K †dvb K‡i-K‡i †cj bv kÖveYx‡K| †dvb myBPW Ad| wbwLj †mw`bI QywU wb‡q‡Q| `yc‡y i LvIqvi ci N‡i G‡m‡Q, Uzs K‡i GKUv kã| kÖveYxi †g‡mR| Ômwi, we‡kl Kv‡R wKQyw`‡bi Rb¨ evB‡i hvw”Q, wd‡i Avwg †hvMv‡hvM K‡i †be|Õ wbwLj ac K‡i weQvbvq e‡m coj| kÖveYxi nv‡Zi Kveve, Zvi †mjv‡ii cÖvPzh© wKsev Zvi ev‡M©wÛ iOv Z¡K Ñ Gme †mB gyn‡~ Z© Zvi gv_vq wQj bv| Avmj K_v n‡jv, kÖveYx Zv‡K A¨vf‡qW Ki‡Q| Zvi `„p aviYv n‡jv, kÖveYx Ab¨ KvD‡K †WU Ki‡Q Ges nq‡Zv Zv‡KB we‡q Ki‡Z P‡j‡Q| Zvi ey‡K wPbwP‡b GKUv e¨_v KiwQj| g‡b n‡jv Gÿzwb g‡i hv‡e| g‡i hvIqvi Av‡M GKevi wK kÖveYxi evwoi mvg‡b wM‡q `uvov‡e? †mLv‡b wM‡q `uvov‡j wbwðZ †m †`L‡Z cv‡e kÖveYx bZzb GK cyiæ‡li KÉjMœ n‡q GKMv`v kwcs e¨vM wb‡q Mvwo †_‡K bvg‡Q| Zvi gnvN© jRvwi wK‡b †`Iqvi g‡Zv mg_© cyiæl †m †c‡q †M‡Q? †mB gyn‡~ Z© Ii †dvb evRj| mxgv| Ôg‡b Av‡Q †Zv Kvj UzgUzwgi bZzb ¯‹‡z j B›UviwfD? GMv‡ivUvi g‡a¨ P‡j G‡mv| fv‡jv K_v, GLv‡b PvÝ †c‡j wKš‘ jvLLv‡bK †j‡M hv‡e A¨vWwgk‡b|Õ †mB cyi‡bv mxgv| wbwLj `uv‡Z `uvZ †P‡c ej‡Z PvBj, ÔGB Rb¨B eywS Avgv‡K Avevi evev mvR‡Z n‡”Q?Õ wKš‘ Zvi e`‡j †m K¬všÍ Mjvq ejj, ÔUzgUzwgi KZ †Ljbv Zzwg †d‡j †MQ mxgv? GZ †Ljbvi m‡½ ï‡q _vK‡Z-_vK‡Z Avwg wb‡RB GKUv †Ljbv n‡q †MwQ|Õ r

mwbœavb : AbšÍ LwbR

gvby‡li K_v k¨vgjKvwšÍ `vk gvbyl e‡ov n‡”Q| GKUz GKUz DuPz| g †_‡K hv‡Z †jv‡K †`L‡Z cvq| wPwe‡q wPwe‡q K_v ej‡Q| wRf AvjMv| `uvZ duvKv| ûû K‡i K_v †ewi‡q hv‡”Q| Zvi AvOzj N~Y©¨gvb| cvLbv DošÍ| Do‡Z Do‡Z †m Gm&cø¨v‡bW hv‡”Q| cvK© w÷ªU hv‡”Q| wLw`icy‡ii Uªvg LyuR‡Z LyuR‡Z dzUcv‡Z Mjv wfwR‡q wb‡”Q| Zvi Mv‡q Pzb| gy‡L Kvwj| †Pv‡L AÜKvi| gvbyl GLb evwo †bB| wkKo LyuR‡Z LyuR‡Z †Mva~wj mgvß n‡q †Mj| Nbvqgvb AÜKv‡i evjwZ evjwZ Rj w`‡q ay‡q †`Iqv n‡”Q Zvi cv‡q Pjvi †ivMv cvZjv GKUv iv¯Ív!

myi‡jv‡K Av‡jvi g~Q©bv Av‡Q AvZ¥jqI Av‡Q G ew›`k †Kv‡bvw`bB dzivevi bq ivMgvjv fzj (?) K‡i †Zvgv‡Z g‡RwQ, fRb mvab wmw× †m-Kvi‡Y n‡jv bv n‡jv bv! aªæc` msMx‡Z Av‡Q AbšÍ LwbR m~² wgwn AšÍixY †e`bv`nb HwkZvi axijq IVvbvgv Zvb g‡g©i gi‡g c‡k bZzb P‡ii g‡Zv myi‡jvK Avwe®‹vi Kwi, g„Zz¨¯^v` Kwi cvb Zvwi‡q Zvwi‡q GB cÖfv ÿY`y¨wZ Kx Avðh© wbcyY Wvbvq D‡o hvq g‡Z©¨i mvgvb¨ MwÐ Wvbv †g‡j †gN‡jvK Qvwo‡q Qvwo‡q AvwgI aªæc` Mv‡b wbR mËv Avjy_vjy †¯^”Qvq nvwi‡q KvOvjcbv‡K Kwi m‡¤§vn‡b Avwj½b †m-wgjb Acvw_©e †m-wgjb eY©bv AZxZ †m-wgjb AbšÍ Z…òvq wejxb nIqvi ¯^cœ Awfjvl wbf…‡Z †ivcY K‡i mvaviY gvby‡liv GB gyw³-imvqb PvB‡jI wKQy‡ZB eyS‡Z cv‡i bv|

AjsKiY : me¨mvPx nvRiv

nvmvb nvwdR

65 65

AvZ¥mgc©‡Yi Lmov

gvbyl Zzwg

cÖevjKzgvi emy

gvneye evix

R‡j Wz‡e hvB, R‡j †f‡m DwV, Pvicv‡k †Kvjvn‡j Kv‡Q `~‡i †`wL Ni, evwo, cvo Ñ k‡ãiv †f‡m P‡j

msmv‡i Avi GKwU msmvi †Kb †c‡ZQ G wK Z‡e ïay †Ljv? msmv‡i Avi msmv‡i G-†Ljv‡Z †Kvb †ejv‡Z KLb †Kv_vq _v‡Kv †h gvbyl Zzwg †Kgb K‡i cvi nI Zzwg Avevi Av‡mv wd‡i w`‡b-iv‡Z Avmv-hvIqvi c‡_, KZ kZ g‡Z m½x cv‡e Kv‡K, eÜz n‡e Kviv, ¸iæ n‡e †K †h gvbyl Zzwg c‡_i g‡Zv †h‡Z †h‡Z †`L‡e KZ i½ Zzwg †`L‡e Zzwg jxjvi †Ljv, gb nvwi‡q ayjvq jyUvq, ai‡Z †M‡j †m wK, D‡o cvjvq †h gvbyl Zzwg †Zvgvi m½x †Zvgvi g‡a¨, g‡b Av‡Q kÎæwgÎ hy× n‡e ÿ‡Y ÿ‡Y ï× n‡e g‡bi Uv‡b ZLb Zzwg cÖfzi †`Lv †Kv_vq †M‡j cv‡e †h gvbyl Zzwg

AvwgI SuvcvB k‡ãi wcQy, Kx wb‡q wjLe Z‡e mgq dz‡iv‡j wKQy k‡ãiv gv‡bnxb wVKB n‡e R‡j Wz‡e hvB, R‡j †f‡m DwV, Rgv‡e AwfcÖv‡q Rj †_‡K †`wL k㸇jv‡K †g‡q GK jy‡Kv‡Z Pvq ZviB Kv‡Q Avwm, Abybq Kwi, kã †diZ PvB R‡j †d‡j †`q Rgv‡bv kã †g‡qwU AvPgKvB †g‡qwU‡K †Q‡o Suvcv‡Z cvwi bv, k‡ãiv †f‡m P‡j Zvici †_‡K †g‡qwU‡K †ivR bvbvb my‡KŠk‡j nZ¨v KiwQ, †jLvi fvlv hv‡Z cvwi wb‡Z wP‡b wbqZ WzewQ †g‡qwUi Kv‡Q Ach©vß F‡Y Ñ 66 66

†`Šo w`‡e¨›`y ivq QyU‡Q kni, QyU‡Q gvbyl, mKvj, `ycyi, we‡Kj QyU‡Q kZvãx, ivRavbx, `yišÍ G·‡cÖm cuvPZjv kwcsg‡j R‡g‡Q †KbvKvUv SKS‡K weÁvcb Av‡jvi †ivkbvB wZb‡U wKb‡j GKUv wd«

evowZ Dcnvi| mI`v K‡i N‡i †d‡i

wfbMuv‡qi Pvwl eD gb DPvUb, avb †g‡j‡Q †ivÏy‡i Po–B kvwjK †g‡Z‡Q wcKwb‡K| AvKvk Qyu‡q‡Q UvIqvi †hb kn‡ii AnsKvi| wbDUvD‡b †R‡M DVj cuvP‡kv g‡bvig d¬¨vUevwo e¨¯Í kni QyU‡e Avevi

`ªæZ †RUMwZ‡Z|

ivav‡gvnbcyi †mœnvwkm cvj RxY© †mŠ‡a bvgnxb giïwg dzj cÖRvcwZ †Luv‡R KwP cvcwoi g„`y euvK `~‡ii giwg fvwUqvwj-†Nulv Sz‡iv K‚j †Mva~wj-nvIqvq Uz¨wi÷-`j †h wbe©vK AvwgI AvûwZ, `ytL Sibv Xvwj ïay †Kvb wek¦v‡m me c_ nq wbg©vY bv-ey‡S mvRvB ïK‡bv cvZvq ayay cvM‡ji wk‡m AvnZ cvwLi †kl Mvb Ae‡njv Avi †Ljvi gv‡S †h-muv‡Kv †mme †cwi‡q Ñ dz‡ivq QywUi GKw`b G-wbt¯^ eyK KzUz‡g fwi‡q... my‡L _v‡Kv Uz¨wi÷ †d‡i... kx‡Zi ay‡jvq R‡g FY GL‡bv `yj‡Q †d‡j Avmv †mB GKv muv‡Kv Avc‡jvW K‡iv Ñ Avb›`-Lywk-wWwRwcK& G-k~b¨ eyK KzUz‡g fivI... fv‡jv _v‡Kv jvBK-†kqv‡i Avgvi ¯§„wZiv k¦vm wbK 67 67

GKwU †NvlYv PÂj kvnwiqvi †jLvi ÷vBj †PÄ n‡e AvMvgx mßvq b`x, gvQ, mgyÏyi K¨v¤úv‡mi wgwó eo Avcy mncvVx‡`i D¾¡j nvwm, Lv‡gvKv wiKkvq †Nvivi w`b †ijjvBb a‡i †nu‡U Avmvi myL Mwji †gv‡o dzwi‡q hvIqv evwjKv gmwR‡`i AvRv‡bi aŸwb `yt¯^‡cœ KvUv‡bv K…l‡Ki ivZ gq`v‡b †bZvi fvlY wd‡i Avm‡e bZzb wbg©v‡Y| `xN©Kvj Avwg-Zzwg, Zzwg-Avwg A‡bK n‡q‡Q GKUz Avjv`v ¯^v` wb‡Z gb Pvq GKUz Avjv`v w`‡bi cik| †Mvwe›` †Nv‡li gv‡qi †e`bvi Mí ïb‡ev cyKzicv‡o e‡m †f‡O me wbR©bZv|

Av‡iv Mfx‡i Av‡iv wfZ‡i wkDj gbRyi GLv‡bB †kl bq| mvg‡b i‡q‡Q Av‡iv AmsL¨ inm¨gq c‡_i euvK| i‡q‡Q †mvbvwj c‡_i a~wj| euv‡K euv‡K kvwjK, wUqv, gqbv I bvbv is cvwL‡`i gyL i‡q‡Q jywK‡q| Avi g‡b †i‡Lv c‡_i a~wj‡Z Do‡Q `k‡K `k‡K nviv‡bv WvK wcq‡bi wPwV A_ev gv‡e©j †Ljvi w`b| A_ev †Kv_vI †Kv_vI `uvwo‡q Av‡Q bÿÎ †e`bvi cvVkvjv| GLv‡bB †kl bq| †Zvgvi R‡b¨ A‡cÿvq i‡q‡Q mgy‡`ªi Sjg‡j †XD| †XD¸wj ¸‡b ¸‡b WzemuvZv‡i †h‡Z n‡e R‡ji Mfx‡i Av‡iv wfZ‡i Av‡iv Mfx‡i| Avi g‡b †i‡Lv Zzwg, GB ågY ¯^‡cœi QyUšÍ gvqvex ågY| GB åg‡Y †bB †Kv‡bv e›`i, †bB †Kv‡bv †÷kb| †Zvgv‡K †h‡Z n‡e GK euvK †cwi‡q Av‡iK euv‡K| euv‡K euv‡K i‡q‡Q m¤¢vebvi Avðh© w`MšÍ| GB ågY w`MšÍ †cwi‡q bZzb w`M‡šÍi hvÎv| 68 68

wZbwU KweZv wRbvZ Rvnvb Lvb wØav Avmgvb †_‡K †b‡g Avmv †gN-wmuwo wØav fvivZzi cv‡q, †m Kx †f‡OwQj? w`wNi kvjy‡K GKv Kuvc‡Q mgq Ñ Kuvc‡Q ¶‡bK Rj, †Pv‡Li cvZvq| g‡b †bB, nv‡Z nvZ †i‡LwQj wKbv †i‡LwQj wKbv gb g‡bi †fZ‡i|

Zvn‡j Av‡qkv, †Zvgv‡K Av‡jvgq wek¦vm †h iv‡Z nuvm¸wj MÖvg †Q‡o P‡j †M‡Q †mB Auvav‡iB cvLv †g‡j‡Q Av‡jvKmy›`i cvwLiv| †kvbv K_vq Xz‡K c‡o‡Q †mŠfv‡M¨i Kcvj Avi Suvwc Ly‡j a‡i‡Q cÂZš¿ nu¨v G‡KB e‡j Îv‡mi hÁ| †m-iv‡Z me KvK GKmv‡_ †W‡K D‡VwQj †m-Auvav‡i b¶Î R¡‡j D‡VwQj ebev`v‡o Kv‡jv Qvqvq eU †kIovi Avov‡j jywK‡q KuvcwQj evwoi †eovj-KzKzi NwUevwU M‡j hLb Avevi wcZj, k•L †f‡O †f‡O mgy`ª wek¦vm nvwi‡q Kzqvkv... ZLb Zzwg Avgv‡K Rwo‡q a‡iQ A½vi evû‡Z Gfv‡e m„wóKZ©vi bv‡g wRwKi Zz‡j ag©‡K hw` cywo‡q †`q msL¨vMwiô gvbyl Zvn‡j Av‡qkv, †Zvgv‡K GKv †d‡j †Kv_vq cvjve!

ûB‡mj A™¢zZ my›`i GK kv`v KvMR! c„ôv Ry‡o AuvKv AmsL¨ Pzwjø­, c¨v‡iW Zv‡j †ewi‡q Avm‡Q MbM‡b Av¸b... †Zvgvi wWªj wUPv‡ii AvR A‡bK AmyL, ûB‡mj Rv‡b

Avgvi fv‡jv jv‡M Avgv‡`i evwoi mvg‡b GKUv Rjvkq Av‡Q †mLv‡b †ivR A‡bK nuvm †Ljv K‡i Avgvi fv‡jv jv‡M; Avgv‡`i evwoi mvg‡b Rjvk‡q ivZ n‡j Puv` †`vj Lvq Avgvi fv‡jv jv‡M; Lye †ewk †R¨vrmœv DV‡j, R‡ji is cvj‡U hvq Avi gv‡Qiv Wze w`‡j, cÙ dz‡U I‡V c„w_exi me cÙ GLv‡b †dv‡U...

69

A‡Áq mvwebv Bqvmwgb †K RvbZ ïwK‡q hv‡e GBme we¯ÍxY© b`x g‡i hv‡e jvj Puv` GgbwK UBfyBRy‡o R¡j`wP©i g‡Zv †R¨vrmœvq A‡c¶viZ Abo Anj¨vi kix‡i Rb¥ †b‡e `xNj k®ú Avi, kxZNyg †f‡O †Kv‡bv GK †NvijvMv †fv‡i Kwe wdi‡eb e‡j I‡g †PvL †gj‡e Av`yix †iv`?

GI wK †Áq wQj fv‡jvevmvi †P‡qI †ewk wKQy R½g Av‡Q mÂviYkxj, cÖvY †_‡K cÖv‡Y? †K RvbZ KweivI KL‡bv KL‡bv †R¨vrmœvq wdi‡eb bv e‡j †ivÏy‡i wdi‡eb bv e‡j fx‡®§i cÖwZÁv K‡ib †cŠe©vch© bv ey‡SB?

fzeb †e‡`wbi cvov Avn‡g` evmvi GL‡bv †b‡fwb Av‡jv Ñ Av‡iv wKQy`~i †nu‡U hvI fzeb †e‡`wbi cvov n‡Z wKQyUv cwð‡g †n‡j †h-c_ P‡j †M‡Q Rxeb-gvwSi KzwUi †Nu‡l Zvi †klcÖv‡šÍ Sz‡j Av‡Q Avw`g nvwi‡Kb hw`I wbfzwbfz Ñ nv‡Z Zz‡j wb‡q wKQyUv Dm‡K `vI Av‡jv, Pov `v‡gi †K‡ivwmb hw` m¤¢e nq wKQyUv wK‡b wbI cÖMwZi †`vKvb †_‡K mf¨Zvi mg¯Í evwZ AvR Av‡jv Qovq Djyeb Ry‡o Puv`‡e‡b Av‡jv wb‡q PKg‡K AÜKvi c‡K‡U †b‡g Av‡m `wÿ‡Yi ARcvovMuvq cwiZ¨³ Av‡jv‡`i evwo wM‡q Gevi wb‡q Av‡mv †RŠjymwenxb Rxe‡bi im`, †fvjvbv‡_i fz‡j hvIqv bvg a‡i GKevi WvK `vI Mjv †Q‡o, †`L‡e kixi †_‡K G‡K G‡K L‡m co‡Q `~i‡Z¡i †Lvjm...

70

Igivb `vKwk‡bi Rb¨ †Rvev‡qi wgjb AebZ nI c„w_ex `vw¤¢K AnwgKv †_‡K †b‡g G‡m wg‡k hvI cv‡qi m¨v‡Û‡j, Siv cvZvi a~wjKYvq, bMY¨ fvMv‡o| c¨v‡MvWv, wMR©v, gmwR`, gw›`‡i gvbvq bv †Zvgvq| wkïi‡³ iwÄZ †Zvgvi nvZ, `uvZ, jvjmvwš^Z †PvL| Ôf`ª wek¦Õ e‡j hv‡K Zzwg `vI mšÍvb ¯^xK…wZ †Zvgvi †m-mšÍvb weK…Z †jv‡f webó exR Zvi †_‡K Rb¥ wb‡”Q AhyZ wbhyZ KxU, Kx‡Uiv †Qvej w`‡”Q cvqiv Qvbvq †Ruv‡Ki g‡Zv ï‡l Lv‡”Q wkïi³, †Qve‡j †Qve‡j we¶Z mnmª Igivb `vKwkb, Avgvi wkïwUi w`‡K ZvKv‡bv hvq bv!

†h-†Mvjvc evMv‡b †n‡m †Ljevi K_v wQj wkï Avqjvb Kzw`©i †h K…òP‚ovi Zjvq myMwÜ cy®úe„wó‡Z wfRevi K_v wQj Ñ wgbvj †KvevwZ©i †h-Rjmvq my‡i Av”Qbœ nevi K_v wQj Igivb `vKwk‡bi †m-†Mvjvc evMv‡b, K…òP‚ovi Zjvq, my‡ii Rjmvq ïayB i³ †dvqviv, ïayB Igivb `vKwkb!

KwP KwP †PvL AvKvk †`LZ meyR meyR †VuvU wKwPiwgwPi KiZ big big nvZ-cv jvwUg †NvivZ, A_P †m-†PvL¸‡jv cÖPÐ f‡q bxj †VuvU¸‡jv K¤úgvb, nvZ-cv msKzwPZ AvMÖvmb `vevb‡j| bZ nI c„w_ex, big nI c„w_ex †Kv‡bv †`k, †Kv‡bv f‚wg, †Kv‡bv RvZ, †MvÎ Ñ Zv bq †h-wkïwUi bvg ÔIgivb `vKwkbÕ Zvi w`‡K GKevi ZvKvI| 71

Rwjavb gvmy` cw_K AvMvQvi wecix‡Z †h nviv‡bv k‡m¨i wenŸj gyL Zvi bvg Rwj, Rwj Pvlvi †g‡Rv †g‡q Avwg PzwcPzwc †`‡LwQ Zvi g‡bv‡jvfv eyK cy‡lwQ Zvi †Mvcb AmyL I‡Mv avb, I‡i Rwj ZzB gv‡Vi †kl Mvb Z‡e †K AvwObv gvwo‡q wb‡q hvq †Zvi †mvbv iƒc Avwg AvR g~K, Avwg bq‡Zv gv‡Vi welYœ gyL

nq‡Zv cv_© ivq GKw`b Ñ c„w_exi me Nwo¸‡jv †_‡g hv‡e, me †Kvjvnj _g‡K _vK‡e wb_i w`‡knvivq;

†R‡b wbI Ñ mgv‡Ri Kvbywb wKZve †LB nvwi‡q MÖš’vMv‡ii bxieZv‡K †g‡b †b‡e;

ZLb Ñ Zzwg gv_v †iL Avgvi cÖvPxb Kuv‡a, nq‡Zv Ñ wbïwZ kx‡Zi iv‡Z Siv cvZv‡`i mv‡_ GKUv †Quov KweZvi cvZv `~Z n‡e fv‡jvevmvi evZ©v wb‡q|

72

I³vweI cv‡mi KweZv ÔAšÍ‡ii e„¶Õ AšÍ‡ii e„¶| G-bv‡gB m~wPZ I³vweI cv‡mi, huvi †kl Aa¨v‡qi Rb¨ wZwb e¨envi K‡ib †mB GKB bvg, GK m¤ú„³ eyb‡bi wb`k©b wn‡m‡e| AšÍ‡ii e„¶, B¯úvwb fvlvq hv, Arbol adentro, I³vweI cvm Zv iPbv K‡ib 1976 †_‡K 1987 mv‡ji ga¨eZx© mg‡q Ges Zv cy¯ÍKvKv‡i cÖKvk cvq 1987 mv‡j| GLv‡b cÖKvwkZ cuvPwU KweZv IB MÖ‡š’i †kl Aa¨v‡qi AšÍM©Z; GB †kl Aa¨v‡qi †gvU KweZvmsL¨v `k, hvi wØZxq, PZz_©, cÂg, mßg I beg µgv‡¼i KweZv¸‡jv GLv‡b cÖKvwkZ n‡jv; KweZv¸‡jv h_vµ‡g Ñ

Ôcqjv RvbyqvwiÕ (Primero do enero), Ôebcixi hy×Õ (La guerre de la dridaída), Ô†emy‡iv MvbÕ (CanciÓn desentonada), Ô_vgÕ (Pilares) Ges ÔivZ, w`b, ivZÕ (Noche, día, noche)| MÖ‡š’ KweZv¸‡jvi cÖvwšÍK Ae¯’vb †_‡K GiKgUv aviYv Kiv †evanq Ab¨vq n‡e bv †h, GB KweZv¸‡jv 1986-87 mgqKv‡j ev Zvi Avkcv‡ki mg‡qB †jLv| GLv‡b Avgiv cwiwPZ nB cv‡mi †mB D”Pvi‡Yi m‡½, †hLv‡b ¯^‡cœi m‡½ Mjv wgwj‡q‡Q g„Zz¨, Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB b`xi wKbviv †e‡q D‡o Pjv GK k‡ãi evMvb|

AjsKiY : me¨mvPx nvRiv

Abyev` : weKvk MY †PŠayix

73

bv, eQi wd‡i Av‡m| fwi‡q †Zv‡j Ni Avi Avgvi `„wó Zv‡K †hb Qyu‡q _v‡K| mgq, Avgv‡`i †Kv‡bv mvnvh¨ QvovB Ae¯’vb K‡i mwVK k„•Ljvq, MZKvj †hfv‡e _v‡K wi³ iv¯Ívi me evwo, ZzlvigvLv me evwo, ˆbtkã¨gvLv me Zzlvi| Zzwg Nywg‡qwQ‡j Avgvi cv‡k| †Zvgvq D™¢veb K‡iwQj w`b wKš‘ Zzwg †g‡b wb‡Z cv‡ivwb w`‡bi †mB D™¢veb| Ñ Avgvi mËvi D™¢vebI bq| Zzwg wQ‡j Ab¨ GKUv w`‡b| Zzwg wQ‡j Avgvi cv‡k Avi Avwg †Zvgv‡K †`LwQjvg, Zzlv‡ii g‡Zv, Dcw¯’wZi Ici Nygy‡”Qv, mgq, Avgv‡`i mvnvh¨ QvovB, D™¢veb K‡i‡Q Ni, iv¯Ív, MvQ, Avi NygšÍ bvix|

cqjv Rvbyqvwi fvlvi g‡Zv, ARvbvi w`‡K eQ‡ii `iRv¸‡jv †Lvjv| MZiv‡Z Zzwg Avgvq e‡jwQ‡j :

AvMvgxKvj Avgiv ms‡KZ wb‡q fve‡ev, GKUv j¨vÛ‡¯‹c AuvK‡ev, GKUv bKkv evbv‡ev w`b Avi KvM‡Ri †Rvov cvZvq| AvMvgxKvj, Avgiv Av‡iKevi D™¢veb Ki‡ev, GB RM‡Zi ev¯Íe| †`wi K‡i †PvL Lyjjvg| GK Abycj, Abyfe Kijvg AvR‡UK‡`i Abyfe, w`M‡šÍi dvUj w`‡q wd‡i Avmv AwbwðZ mg‡qi A‡c¶vq _vKv, ˆkjØx‡ci SzuwU| 74

hLb Zzwg †PvL Lyj‡e Avgiv Av‡iKevi nuvU‡ev, cÖni Avi Zv‡`i D™¢ve‡bi g‡a¨, Avi Dcw¯’wZi g‡a¨ `xN©¯’vqx Ki‡ev wb‡R‡`i, Avgiv †Zv ïay mgq Avi Zvi avZziƒ‡ci mv¶x| Avgiv w`‡bi `iRv Lyj‡ev, Avi cÖ‡ek Ki‡ev ARvbvq|

ebcixi hy× wekvj KzKziUv Zvi †PvL Lyj‡jv, jvwd‡q D‡V, k³ K‡i Pvi‡U _vev †M‡o, wcV †euwK‡q `uvovj, †W‡K DVj GK AšÍnxb WvK : Ii QUv QyuP‡dvUv‡bv †Pv‡L I Kx †`‡LwQj? Ii wZb‡U bvK wb‡q Kvi w`‡K †LuwP‡q D‡VwQj? I †`‡LwQj we`y¨rMf© †gN, I †`‡LwQj GK‡Rvov †PvL, Avi GKUv eb¨ weovj, †eovjUv jvwd‡q c‡owQj KzKziUvi Ici, KzKziUv †c‡o †d‡jwQj weovjUv‡K, weovjUv Lye‡j wb‡qwQj KzKziUvi GKUv †PvL, KzKziUv n‡q †Mj GKUv †auvqvi eybb, †auvqv D‡V †Mj AvKv‡k, AvKvkUv e`‡j †Mj S‡o, we`y¨‡Zi A¯¿ nv‡Z †b‡g G‡jv So, we`y¨r QvB K‡i †dj‡jv †mB eb¨ weovj, weov‡ji QvB Qwo‡q co‡jv eªþv‡Ði Pvi †Kvbvq, NiUv e`‡j †Mj mvnvivq, Mig evjy D‡o G‡m Zv‡c ïwK‡q †dj‡jv Avgvq, R‡ji †`eZv‡K AvnŸvb Kijvg Avwg, Qv‡`-Qv‡` jy‡UvcywU †L‡Z jvM‡jv eRªwe`y¨r, AvKv‡ki Kjwm †f‡O Ly‡j †Mj,

PwjøkUv eRª †`‡M n‡qB Pj‡jv e„wó, N‡ii Qv` Qyu‡jv Rj, †Zvgvi weQvbv `yj‡Z _vK‡jv †XD‡qi gv_vq, weQvbvi Pv`i w`‡q Zzwg cvj LvUv‡j Rvnv‡Ri, GKUv †`e`~Z Avi Pvi‡U †dbvi †Nvovq †U‡b wb‡q hvIqv †Zvgvi gvZvj ZiYxi gv_vq `uvwo‡q, Av¸‡bi †XD‡qi g‡Zv †Zvgvi we`y¨rKzšÍj, Zzwg †bvOi Zz‡j ¯’vcb Ki‡j S‡o, Avi †ewi‡q co‡j mgy‡`ª, †Zvgvi Kvgvb¸‡jv, Rvnv‡Ri Wvbw`K †_‡K M‡R© DV‡jv, †f‡O †dj‡jv Avgvi Ni‡`vi, †QuZ‡i w`‡jv Avgvi me c‡_i wb‡`©k, †Zvgvi Av¸‡bi gyKzi, R¡vwj‡q w`‡jv Avgvi me wek¦vm, Avwg cvwj‡q Gjvg ivbœvN‡i, KzVzwii SuvSwi †f‡O †d‡j, bvwj w`‡q cvjvjvg, gvwUi wb‡P GKUv Li‡Mv‡ki MZ© †cjvg, Awb`ªv Gi †gvgevwZ R¡vjv‡jv, Gi wSwKwgwK fwi‡q Zzj‡jv Avgvi ivZ, †cÖiYv, lohš¿, ˆb‡e`¨, meyR †µv‡a Db¥Ë GK KwP AwMœwkLv, Avi Ô†Zvgv‡K Gi `vg w`‡Z n‡eÕi euvKvbj!

Avwg evwb‡q wbjvg †kl wePv‡ii LÄi, 75

WªvM‡bi i‡³ †b‡q DVjvg, M‡Z©i †`qvj †e‡q Avwg †ewi‡q Gjvg, gv_v wbPz K‡i `i-`vjvb †cwi‡q Ly‡j †djjvg `iRv, Avqbvq me †`LwQ‡j Zzwg, nvmwQ‡j, Avgvq †`‡L GK Sj‡K `„k¨ n‡j Zzwg, †mB Av‡jvi g‡a¨ w`‡q Qy‡U †Mjvg Avwg, wRÁvmvev` Kijvg K‡gv‡W _vKv Puv`‡K, Nywm gvi‡Z _vKjvg c`©vq _vKv Qvqvq, bvw¯Íi g‡a¨ jvMv‡bv †Kv‡bv Mv‡Qi g‡Zv, mybmvb P‡K `uvwo‡q _vKv g~wZ©i g‡Zv, †eóbxi g‡a¨ _vKv k‡ãi g‡Zv, eÜ Nwoi Mv‡q Avgvi nvZ, gy‡Vvq fiv cÖwZaŸwb wb‡q cwiZ¨³ Avwg, Avgvi Lywji ¸nvi †fZ‡i Akixix A¶‡ii bvP, nVvr Av‡jvi SjKvwb‡Z Zzwg wd‡i G‡j, †Zvgvi Wvb-nv‡Z GKUv †QvÆ m~h©, Avi euvnv‡Z Pzwbfiv a~g‡KZz, b¶Îiv cvK Lvq Avi Mvb Mvq, Dovb w`‡q bKkv Auv‡K, Iov †Rvo †`q Avi fv‡O Avi †Rvo †`q, Iiv `yB, Iiv GK, Iiv wKQyB bv, Av¸‡bi †Rvov cvwL, Avgvi Kv‡b evmv euv‡a, Avgvi fvebv‡K R¡vwj‡q, ¯§„wZ‡K wQbœwfbœ K‡i, Avgvi gv_vi KvivN‡i Mvb Mvq, iv‡Zi mgy‡`ªi evwZN‡ii Rb¨ GKK msMxZ, Avi nvOi‡`i weev‡ni ¯Íe, dz‡j-dz‡j †X‡K hvq LÄi, wZb gv_vIqvjv KzKzi †Zvgvi cv †P‡U †`q, `c©Y GK MwZnxb †mªvZ, Zzwg N‡ii g‡a¨ `uvwo‡q nv‡mv, Zzwg GKUv Mjv‡bv Av‡jvi _vg, Zzwg e‡jwQ‡j, wd‡i wM‡q BDK¨vwjcUvm nI, Avgvi kvLv‡`i bvwo‡q w`‡qwQj evZvm, Avwg Pzc K‡i wQjvg, Avi evZvm K_v ejwQj wdmwd‡m me kã, hv wQj cvZv, mey‡Ri gg©iaŸwb, R‡ji Revb, BDK¨vwjcUv‡mi †Mvovq cv Qwo‡q e‡mv, †Mvcb kvLvi †`vjvq, †Zvgvi Zzwg n‡q-IVv, gjqceb, hv wd‡i G‡jv|

†emy‡iv Mvb Non visto color de verdigay Nin trobo discor ni fago deslay Ñ Juan Alfonso de Baena

w`b †QvU,

`xN© cÖni| MwZnxb Avwg wd‡i LyuwR Zvi c`‡¶c, †e‡q DwV Zvi cÖv_©bv msMx‡Zi †Kvgj ¯^i, evZv‡mi wmuwo †e‡q †b‡g Avwm, Avi ¯^”Q `i`vjv‡b Avwg nvwi‡q hvB Ñ Zey Avwg Avgv‡K Lyu‡R cvB bv, Avi †`L‡Z cvB bv †Zvgv‡KI| w`b †QvU,

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`xN© cÖni| mgq †U‡b wb‡q hvq, jy‡Kvq, DuwK gv‡i, mgq Pvcv _v‡K, evZv‡mi wcÐ n‡q hvq, 76

mgq wQU‡K †e‡ivq, †hb GK evZv‡mi _vg, Ñ Zey Avwg Avgv‡K Lyu‡R cvB bv, Avi †`L‡Z cvB bv †Zvgv‡KI| w`b †QvU, `xN© cÖni| Avwg wfo, MwjNyuwR Avi cÖwZaŸwbi g‡a¨ w`‡q †nu‡U hvB, Avgvi nvZ †Zvgv‡K †Quvq Avi Zzwg nVvr A`„k¨ n‡q hvI, Avwg †Zvgvi †Pv‡L †PvL †i‡L †`wL Avi A`„k¨ n‡q hvB, cÖni Lyu‡R †d‡i, gy‡Q †d‡j, Avwe®‹vi K‡i Zvi me cÖwZdjb, Ñ Zey Avwg †Zvgv‡K Lyu‡R cvB bv, Avi †`L‡Z cvB bv Avgv‡KI| w`b †QvU,

`xN© cÖni| mg‡qi g‡a¨ exR Nygvq, A¶‡ii we‡ùvi‡Y †d‡U c‡o evZv‡m, GKUv kã, K_v bv e‡jB †h e‡j, mg‡qi, †Zvgvi Avi Avgvi bvg, Ñ Zey Avwg Avgv‡K Lyu‡R cvB bv, Avi †`L‡Z cvB bv †Zvgv‡KI| bv‡giv me dj, †c‡K S‡i c‡o; AbšÍ cÖni Zvi wb‡Ri wfZ‡iB S‡i c‡o|

_vg Avi hLb Avgv‡`i AvZ¥viv `iv`wi K‡i, Avgiv k¥kv‡b cv_‡ii g~wZ©i g‡Zv ï‡q _vwK...

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evZvm Ly‡j w`‡”Q `iRv| †Zvgvi Kcvj †mB †`nwj hv cQ›` K‡i Puv`| gyn~Z© eo e‡ov, `ywbqvUv GLb †QvU| Avwg †Zvgvi †Pv‡Li wfZi nvwi‡q hvB, Avi nvwi‡q wM‡q †`wL, Zzwg Avgvi †Pv‡Li wfZi nvwi‡q hvI| cy‡o hvq Avgv‡`i bvg, P‡j hvq Avgv‡`i kixi| Avgv‡`i ¯’vb †PŠ¤^Kxq †K‡›`ªi g‡a¨ Ñ †Kv_vq? †gw·‡Kvi evMv‡b ¯’vYy hyMj, wKsev Gwkqvi D`¨v‡b : A‡bK Zvivi wb‡P whïi ˆbk‡fvR nq cÖwZw`b| gkv‡ji wmuwo †e‡q Avgiv DwV bvwg Ici †_‡K wbP, wkK‡oi ivRZ¡, Wvbvi MYZš¿| wbgxwjZ †Pv‡Li MÖwš’e× kixime AvZ¥vi MÖš’ : Avgvi ¯úk© Avi Revb w`‡q †Zvgvi kix‡i Avwg `ywbqvi ag©kv¯¿ wjwL| bvgnxb Ávb : c„w_exi ¯^v`| exRvavi Avi ïµvYyi nVvr weùv‡ii g‡Zv, `xwß Avi A܇Z¡i Rb¨ Aí Av‡jvB h‡_ó| ïiæi Avi †k‡li g‡a¨, mgqnxb GKwU gyn~Z©, i‡³i GK bvRyK wLjvb, k~b¨Zvi Dc‡ii †mZz| †Rvoeuvav, kixi `ywU †Lv`vB K‡i Akwbi Av‡jv|

78

ivZ, w`b, ivZ 1 Av‡jvi cÖevn : GKUv cvwL †Lvjv Qv‡` Mvb Mvq| †Zvgvi kix‡ii DcZ¨Kvq Avi cvnv‡o cvnv‡o †fvi nq|

2 Av¸b iv‡Z Nyg hvq, Rj nvm‡Z-nvm‡Z Rv‡M|

3 cvZvi g‡Zv †Zvgvi Pz‡ji kvwgqvbvi wb‡P †Zvgvi Kcvj : GK KzÄNi, Wvjcvjvi gv‡S GK AgjZvq| Avwg evMvb wb‡q fvwe : evZvm n‡q †Zvgvi ¯§„wZ‡K †`vjv‡Z PvB,

†iv` n‡q †Zvgvi †SvcSvo cwi®‹vi Ki‡Z PvB!

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6 w`b, cig GK dzj, NÈvi ci NÈv hv cy‡o hvq| Av‡iKUv Kv‡jv dzj, gÄwiZ nq| Bw›`ª‡qi A‡MvP‡i Zzwg AwZµg K‡iv me Qvqv Avi cÖ‡ek K‡iv, ivwÎi †`ex‡Z| e‡ov‡Rvi GKUv †XD, e‡ov‡Rvi mv`v GKUv †mŠif, Zzwg Avgvi weQvbvq Avo‡gvov fv‡Ov| Avi Avevi GK bvix n‡q hvI| 7 mv`v me cvZv Avi Kv‡jv me Kvqv, Kvgbvi †Rvqvi Avi ¯^‡cœi mvRv‡bv me evMvb| 8 GKUv AjxK MÖvg, †Zvgvi †Pv‡Li cvZvi wb‡P Nygvq : ÿzavZ© N~wY©So, ¯ú‡k©i mšÍvbme gvsm n‡q hvq, i³ cvb K‡i, e`jv‡Z _v‡K Kvgbvi bvbvb iƒ‡c Avi memgq GKBfv‡e : gy‡Li c‡i gyL Rxe‡bi hv g„Zz¨, g„Zz¨i hv Rxeb|

79

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Av

gvi Av`‡ii `vw`gv| bg¯‹vi!

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80

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107

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108

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D”P¯^‡i wPjøvwPwjø K‡i Ewg© ejj, †Zvgv‡K e‡jwQjvg euva‡bi m‡½ †h‡Z| Gqvi‡cvU© ch©šÍ GwM‡q w`‡Z cvi‡Z| ZvB bv?

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110

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`¨wZ‡qb cwÎKvi bvg cwieZ©‡bi K_v D‡jøL Ki‡jI jvB‡eªwi‡Z cwÎKv¸‡jv †`Lvi mgq bR‡i Av‡m cwÎKvi cÖ”Q`c‡U gyw`ªZ i‡q‡Q ÔAvgv‡`i RxebÕ bvgwU| Aek¨ ÔAvgv‡`iÕ kãwU ÔRxebÕ k‡ãi Zzjbvq A‡bKLvwb ÿz`ª ni‡d †jLv, †hUv c~‡e© cÖKvwkZ cwÎKv¸‡jv‡Z †`Lv hvq bv|) `¨wZ‡qb mv‡ne hLb wb‡Ri m¤úvw`Z cwÎKvq wjL‡Qb, cvkvcvwk wjL‡Qb †`k cwÎKvq avivevwnK Wv‡qwii †Quov cvZv| †m-Kvi‡YB †ek wKQy Kvwnwb `yB cwÎKv‡ZB cÖKvwkZ, wfbœZv ïay wk‡ivbv‡g ev Pwi·`i bvgKi‡Y| Wv‡qwii †Quov cvZvi GKv`kZg Aa¨v‡q ÔKzkv‡ji KvwnwbÕ †hUv cvVK‡`i †kvbvb, †mB GKB Kvwnwb ÔˆK‡kviÕ bv‡g cÖKvwkZ nq Zuvi m¤úvw`Z cwÎKvi cvZvq| UzUzi KvwnwbI cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q Dfq cwÎKv‡ZB| †`k cwÎKvi Ôeveyj miKv‡iÕ ewY©Z M‡íi m‡½ †Kv‡bv Zdvr †bB Rxe‡b (Avgv‡`i Rxeb) cÖKvwkZ Ôc`vc©YÕ M‡íi| Av‡iv A‡bK iPbv i‡q‡Q, †h¸‡jv wZwb †`k cwÎKvq wj‡L‡Qb ¯^bv‡g, Avi K¨v_wjK m¤úª`v‡qi gyLc‡Î wj‡L‡Qb QÙbv‡g| Drcj `Ë ivq, Kgj emy, B›`ªbv_ `Ë, dv`vi †`, dv`vi hZxb cvj, cÖfvZx †` Ñ GKvwaK QÙbvg dv`vi `¨wZ‡q‡bi| 1960 wLªóv‡ãi RyjvB msL¨v †_‡K 1966 wLªóv‡ãi wW‡m¤^i msL¨v ch©šÍ GKUvbv m¤úv`K wZwb| Gici wKQy wewÿß Dcw¯’wZ Ñ KL‡bv hyM¥-m¤úv`K, KL‡bv m¤úv`KgÐjx‡Z| 1975 mv‡ji RyjvB gv‡m Avjvc bvgK GK cwÎKvi cÖ_g msKjb cÖKvk K‡ib wZwb| wewfbœ ¯‹‡z ji Drmvnx QvÎQvÎx‡`i iPbv wb‡qB G-msKjb| cÖKv‡ki †cQ‡b Aby‡iva wQj Wvd ¯‹‡z ji w`w`gwY‡`i Avi wZwb Drmvn †c‡qwQ‡jb `yRb gnvb e¨w³‡Z¡i Ñ Abœ`vk¼i ivq I mZ¨wRr ivq| cwÎKvwU m¤ú‡K© †jL‡Ki wb‡RiB GKwU e³e¨ : ÔcÖ_g msKjbwU‡Z QwÎkwU we`¨vj‡qi beŸB Rb QvÎQvÎx‡`i iPbv ¯’vb cvq| mvZ nvRvi Kwc gyw`ªZ n‡qwQj, wewµI Abyiƒc|Õ6 G-cwÎKv m¤úv`bvi †ÿ‡Î dv`vi `¨wZ‡qb A‡bK †ewk ¯^vaxb wQ‡jb Ges G-cwÎKv wQj me©‡Zvfv‡eB mvwnZ¨‡eva mgwš^Z GK cwÎKv| m¤úv`KmËvi cvkvcvwk Zuvi Abyev`KmËvI D¾¡j| divwm mvwn‡Z¨i weL¨vZ wK‡kvi-MÖš’ Auv‡Zvqvb& `¨ mu¨v‡ZKmy‡cwii †jLv j¨ c¨wZ cÖvu m eBwU wZwb evsjvq Abyev` K‡ib| Zuvi m¤úv`bvKv‡j Rxeb (Avgv‡`i Rxeb) cwÎKvq GB Abyev` Ô†QvU ivRKzgviÕ bv‡g avivevwnKfv‡e cÖKvwkZ nq 1962 wLªóv‡ãi Rvbyqvwi msL¨v †_‡K b‡f¤^i msL¨v ch©š|Í GB Abyev` fvevbyev`| wgP©v Gwjqv‡`i †jLv jv byB †e½wj evsjvq Abyev` K‡ib evsjvi ivZ bv‡g| Abyev‡`I Zuvi kã wbe©vPb SiS‡i, AvoóZvgy³; evK¨web¨vm wbf©vi, ¯^”Q›`, ü`qMÖvnx| m¤úv`bv, Abyev`Kg© Ñ G meB †hb evsjv fvlv I mvwnZ¨‡K †K‡›`ª †i‡L Zuvi eûgyLx AveZ©b| dv`vi cj `¨wZ‡qb gyL¨Z M`¨Kvi| Zuvi M‡`¨i webywbi duv‡K-duv‡K AšÍjx©b n‡q Av‡Q Q›`, hv‡K wZwb wb‡RB AwfwnZ K‡i‡Qb ÔM`¨Q›`Õ bv‡g| Avm‡j Zuvi wjLb‰kjxi avivq h‡_vchy³ k‡ãi h_vh_ cÖwZ¯’vcb n‡q D‡V‡Q iPbvi Vvm eyb‡bi KviY| µgk Q‡›`vgq MwZ‡Z AMÖMwZ N‡U‡Q M‡`¨i| Zv‡ZB Q‡›`vmyjf GK MwZgqZv G‡m‡Q M`¨kix‡i| cÖvZ¨wnK Rxe‡bi Qwe Aÿ‡i Zz‡j ai‡Z wM‡q wZwb wbg©vY K‡i‡Qb M‡`¨i evK&-cÖwZgv| cÖ_g hLb wZwb evsjv mvwnZ¨ m„wóK‡í Kjg Zz‡j wb‡qwQ‡jb, ZLb Zuvi fvlvi cÖvÄjZvq cvVKKz‡ji Abyf‚wZ n‡qwQj, wZwb †Kv‡bv evOvwj †jLK| A‡b‡Ki g‡bB G-aviYv Rb¥ wb‡qwQj, nq‡Zv ciïivg ev ˆmq` gyRZev Avjx bZzb †Kv‡bv Q›`bv‡gi Avov‡j Kjg Pvjv‡”Qb| †`k cwÎKvq avivevwnKfv‡e cÖKvwkZ ÔWv‡qwii †Quov cvZvÕ cvV K‡i mgv‡jvPKKzj Zuvi

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iPbv‰kjx m¤ú‡K© †h gZvgZ Ávcb K‡iwQ‡jb Zv wb‡RB D×…Z K‡i‡Qb : ÔAvgvi ÷vBj bvwK `yÕAvbv divwm, `yÕAvbv evsjv Avi cuPvËi bqv cqmv (ˆc‡m) m¤ú~Y© wbR¯^|Õ7 Zuvi m„wóKvj evsjv M`¨mvwn‡Z¨i GK AZz¨¾¡j ce©| evsjv fvlvi cÖwZ Zuvi †h Mfxi kÖ×v I fv‡jvevmv, ZviB ewntcÖKvk N‡U‡Q Zuvi †jLbxi gy‡L| evsjv Zuvi ü`qvbyf‚wZi fvlv, ZvB AšÍi-Dcjwäi cÖKv‡k wZwb evavnxb| ¯^m„ó M‡`¨i SsKvi Zuvi wb‡Ri Kv‡bB gayi †kvbvq, ¯§i‡Y iv‡Lb eyׇ`e emyi Dw³ : ÔTrust your earÕ|8 GB wek¦vm‡hvM¨Zv cÖwZ¯’vc‡bB evsjv M`¨mvwnZ¨‡K, w`bv‡jL¨agx© iPbv Avw½K‡K, ig¨iPbv‡K bZzbZi gvÎvq wb‡q †h‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb wZwb| Zuvi iPbvi cÖwZ fvlvPvh© mybxwZKzgvi P‡Ævcva¨v‡qi gšÍe¨ mv_©K I h_vh_ : ÔWhat I admire very much is your command over all styles of Bengali, including mussal-mani Bengali.Õ9 dv`vi `¨wZ‡q‡bi M`¨ Avgv‡`i Av”Qbœ K‡i iv‡L we¯§‡q| fve‡Z AevK jv‡M Ggb gvayh©gq M‡`¨i m„RK Rb¥m~‡Î A-evOvwj, A-fviZxq, cvðv‡Z¨i Awaevmx| evsjv fvlvi Ici Zuvi Abvqvm `Lj, Abycg k‡ãi fvÐvi Zuvi KiZjMZ| ¯^vZš¿¨wPwýZ ev‡K¨i e¨envi Zuvi D”P¯Íixq †eva I cvwÐZ¨ Zz‡j a‡i| Zuvi m„ó M`¨ Zuvi wbweo mvwnZ¨ Zcðh©vi dmj| Rxeb im‡ev‡ai gvÎv A‡bKLvwb D”P¯Íixq n‡j Z‡eB Zv aiv c‡o Kvwji AuvP‡o| `¨wZ‡qb mv‡n‡ei †jLvq cvV‡Ki wbweówPË nIqvi g~j KviYB n‡jv eyw× I †ev‡ai cikjvMv imwcÖqZv| ejvi mvgvb¨ wel‡qiB AšÍiv‡j dêyavivi g‡Zv cÖengvb ejvi fw½gv I kã wbe©vP‡bi †KŠkjMZ cÖqvm| †cÖ‡g›`ª wgÎi iPbv‡ZI Abycg †mŠ›`‡h©i g~‡j i‡q hvq kã I evK¨m¾vi gvayh©| Dc¯’vcbixwZi Abb¨Zvi Kvi‡YB Zuvi Mí wn‡jøvj †Zv‡j myax cvV‡Ki ü`‡q| w`bv‡j‡L¨i iPwqZv dv`vi `¨wZ‡qbI Zuvi giwg M‡`¨i mim cÖKv‡k Zz‡j a‡ib cig igYxqZv| cÖKvkfw½‡Z Zuvi ig¨iPbv n‡q I‡V ev¯Íe AwfÁZv I Rxebim‡ev‡ai hyMjew›`| evOvwji m‡½ Zuvi gvbmeÜb ¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q mvwnZ¨-m„wói †fZi w`‡q| evsjv fvlv‡K Avcb K‡i †bIqv wQj Zuvi AwfjwlZ welq| †h gybw& kqvbvq wZwb evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i Awfbe ˆkjx m„wóKvix mvwnwZ¨K n‡q I‡Vb, †mLv‡b Aa¨emv‡qi m‡½ Aek¨B hy³ n‡q hvq AšÍ‡ii B”Qv| ü`q-wbtm„Z fv‡jvevmv bv _vK‡j m„wó‡Z KL‡bvB cÖwZwôZ nq bv cÖvY| evsjv fvlvi cÖwZ Mfxi fv‡jvevmv I kÖ×vi Kvi‡YB wZwb evsjv fvlv‡K eiY K‡i †bb AšÍ‡ii fvlviƒ‡c| †mB fv‡jvevmviB ewntcÖKvk N‡U‡Q Zuvi †jLKmËvq| wZwb n‡q D‡V‡Qb mvwnwZ¨K, ÔevOvwjÕ mvwnwZ¨K|

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1. dv`vi `¨wZ‡qb, ÔWv‡qwii †Quov cvZvÕ, M`¨msMÖn, KjKvZv, Avb›` cvewjkvm©, 2012, c„ 293| 2. Z‡`e, c„ 296-97| 3. dv`vi `¨wZ‡qb, M`¨msMÖn, c„ 627| 4. dv`vi `¨wZ‡qb (m¤úv.), M`¨ci¤úiv, f‚wgKv, KjKvZv, MvOwPj, 2010| 5. dv`vi `¨wZ‡qb, AvU‡cŠ‡i w`bcwÄ, KjKvZv, Avb›` cvewjkvm©, 2013, c„ 74| 6. Z‡`e, c„ 9| 7. dv`vi `¨wZ‡qb, ÔWv‡qwii †Quov cvZvÕ, M`¨msMÖn, c„ 8| 8. wPb¥q ¸n, Avqbv fvO‡Z fvO‡Z, KjKvZv, MvOwPj, 2011, c„ 38| 9. dv`vi `¨wZ‡qb, M`¨msMÖn, c„ 632| r

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Ck¦i‡K ab¨ev` Rvwb‡qwQ‡jb| Zuvi cuvP cyÎB wLªó-mbœ¨vmx; †ivgvb K¨v_wjK wgkbvwi n‡q AvZ¥Z¨vM Ki‡eb| gv‡qi ˆ`bw›`‡bi cÖv_©bv mv_©K n‡qwQj| dv`vi `¨wZ‡qb GK mvÿvrKv‡i ¯^xKvi K‡i‡Qb Ñ ÔAvgvi Aw¯Í‡Z¡ GKUv gyn~Z©I †bB hLb wb‡R‡K Ck¦‡ii Kv‡Q wKsev A‡b¨i Rb¨ wb‡R‡K m¤ú~Y© wb‡e`b Ki‡Z PvBwb|Õ †ejwRqvg Zuvi Rb¥f‚wg| divwm Zuvi gvZ…fvlv| R‡b¥wQ‡jb †ejwRqv‡gi †QvÆ kni ikd‡i| meyR Ai‡Y¨i gv‡S †QvU-†QvU cvnv‡oi g‡a¨ wg‡k Av‡Q Zuvi Rb¥kni ikdi| wØZxq wek¦hy‡×i mgq dv`v‡ii gvZ…f‚wg †ejwRqvg †_‡K KvP, w÷j I wewjwZ gvwU fviZe‡l© Lye Avg`vwb n‡Zv| fvi‡Zi m‡½ †ejwRqv‡gi ms‡hvM wQj msiv‡Mi g‡Zv| ˆkk‡eB ï‡bwQ‡jb fviZe‡l©i K_v| evievi ï‡bwQ‡jb| ZvB wZwb g‡b-g‡b fv‡jv‡e‡mwQ‡jb fviZel©‡K| Avwd«Kv, bv fviZel© Ñ GB `yB A‡ji †Kv_vq †h‡Z Pvb wZwb! GK K_vq wZwb, †mB 25 eQ‡ii hyeK cj `¨wZ‡qb, wm×všÍ wb‡qwQ‡jb Ñ fviZe‡l©B wZwb Avm‡Z Pvb| wPimey‡R †gvov, †QvU cvnv‡o †Niv ikdi kn‡i cÖv_wgK wkÿv †kl Ki‡jb AZxe wbôvi m‡½| Zvici D”Pwkÿv| ikdi kni †_‡K mvgvb¨ `~‡i w`buv kn‡i †ejfz ¯‹z‡j †k‡Lb jvwZb I wMÖK fvlv| fvev hvq Ñ evB‡ej‡K fv‡jv K‡i Rvb‡Z PvB jvwZb I wMÖK fvlvi g‡Zv K¬¨vwmK fvlvi Ávb| w`buv kn‡ii †ejfz ¯‹zjwU wQj GK g‡bvig b`xi av‡i| b`xi bvg gu¨R b`x| meyR cÖK…

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wZi gv‡S, †XD-†Ljv‡bv cvnv‡oi cv`‡`‡k GK kvšÍ, wgwó gu¨R b`xi Aciƒc `„k¨ †`L‡Z-†`L‡Z D”Pwkÿv †kl Ki‡jb cj| 1936 †_‡K 1942 wLªóvã ch©šÍ Z_vKw_Z D”Pwkÿv †kl K‡i ïiæ Ki‡jb ag©Rxeb| 18 eQ‡ii hyeK wm×všÍ wb‡jb Ñ whï ms‡N (†mvmvBwU Ae wRmvm) †hvM w`‡jb| 1942-44 ch©šÍ wLªóxq ag©Rxeb AwZevwnZ Kivi ci mbœ¨vmeªZ MÖnY K‡ib| Gevi Ab¨ Abykxjb| fviZhvÎvi cÖ¯w‘ Z| 1944-49 wLªóvã ch©šÍ wkL‡jb ms¯‹…Z fvlv| cvV Ki‡jb ms¯‹…Z mvwnZ¨fvÐvi| ïay ms¯‹…Z fvlv-mvwnZ¨ bq, evsjv fvlvi m‡½ cwiwPZ n‡Z PvB‡jb| †c‡jb †R. wW. A¨vÛvim‡bi evsjv fvlvi g¨vby‡qj| †ivgvb ni‡d †jLv evsjv fvlvi cÖvBgv‡i co‡jb evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i D×…wZ Ñ †gNbv`ea Kve¨ †_‡K kirP›`ª, iex›`ªmsMxZ| we`¨vmvM‡ii Zrmg evsjv M‡`¨i cvkvcvwk Zuv‡K wew¯§Z Kij iex›`ªbv_ I kirP‡›`ªi e¨eüZ Bs‡iwR kã| fviZe‡l© Avmvi Av‡MB evsjv fvlv I mvwnZ¨ m¤ú‡K© GB Acvi AvMÖn mwZ¨B we¯§q RvMvq| Zuvi wkÿK, fviZwe` dv`vi wc‡qi †Rvnvb‡mi K_v G-cÖm‡½ wPi¯§iYxq| dv`vi †Rvnvbm Zuvi GKwbô QvÎ cj `¨wZ‡qb‡K fviZe‡l© Avmvi Rb¨ Dchy³ `xÿvq mœvZ K‡i w`‡jb| ms¯‹…Z mvwn‡Z¨i kKzšÍjv, †gN`~Z, iZœvejx, DËiivgPwi‡Zi m‡½-m‡½ kirP‡›`ªi †gRw`w`, iex›`ªbv‡_i †bŠKvWzwe co‡jb| ¯§iYxq 1949 wLªóvã| jÛ‡bi wUj‡ewi †cvU© †_‡K gy¤^vB ch©šÍ Rvnv‡R 16 w`b| Zvici Av‡iv `yw`b †Uª‡b| KjKvZvq G‡jb `¨wZ‡qb| Gevi dv`vi `¨wZ‡qb evsjv fvlv wkL‡jb dv`vi Av‡›`ª †`u¨v‡Z‡bi (1888-1970) Kv‡Q| dv`vi Av‡›`ª †`u¨v‡Zb (18881970) ZLb kÖxivgcy‡ii fvicÖvß hvRK| 1950 wLªóv‡ã dv`vi `¨wZ‡qb evsjv fvlv wkL‡Z wgkbvwi DBwjqvg †Kwii kÖxivgcyi Zx‡_© G‡jb| evsjv fvlv‡K g‡bi g‡Zv K‡i wkL‡Z wkÿK B›`yf‚lY gy‡Lvcva¨vq‡K †c‡jb| 1951 wLªóv‡ã wZwb G‡jb †m›U †Rwfqvm© K‡j‡R| Gevi †c‡jb evsjv fvlv I mvwn‡Z¨i Aa¨vcK ax‡i›`ªbv_ gy‡Lvcva¨vq‡K| wKš‘ dv`vi `¨wZ‡q‡bi †cU fi‡Q, gb fi‡Q bv! dv`vi `¨wZ‡qb MÖv‡g †h‡Z Pvb; G‡Kev‡i cÖZ¨šÍ MÖv‡g| K¨vwbs †_‡K `y‡Uv b`x cvi n‡q dv`vi `¨wZ‡qb G‡jb evmšÍx e-Øx‡c| GK eQi kÖxivgcy‡i evsjv †kLvi ci P‡j †M‡jb evmšÍx e-Øx‡c| Gevi wZwb QvÎ bb, evmšÍx †m›U †Rwfqvm© ¯‹z‡ji wkÿK| Z…Zxq †kÖwYi wkÿK dv`vi `¨wZ‡qb| evmšÍxi evsjv gva¨‡gi †m›U †Rwfqvm© ¯‹z‡ji Z…Zxq †kÖwY‡Z 21 Rb QvÎ| mvZRb wn›`y, mvZRb gymwjg I mvZRb wLªóvb Qv·K cov‡jb dv`vi `¨wZ‡qb| evmšÍx‡Z GK eQi _vKvi ci wdi‡jb KjKvZvq| Gevi KjKvZv †_‡K Kvwk©qvO wgk‡b| 1953-55 wLªóvã ch©šÍ Kvwk©qvO wgk‡b hvRKxq wkÿvq g‡bvwb‡ek K‡i 1955 wLªóv‡ãi 21 b‡f¤^i hvRKc‡` Awfwl³ nb| 1957-59 wLªóvã ch©šÍ wQ‡jb kvwšÍwb‡KZ‡bi wek¦fviZx wek¦we`¨vj‡q| GB mgq wZwb evsjv fvlv I mvwn‡Z¨ GgG cvk K‡ib wek¦fviZx †_‡K| †kl nq wkÿv, ïiæ nq Kg©Rxeb| 1960-77 wLªóvã ch©šÍ m¤úv`bv K‡ib wLªóxq cwÎKv Avgv‡`i Rxeb| cwÎKvm¤úv`bvi cvkvcvwk m„wó K‡ib m„Rbkxj evsjv mvwnZ¨| ¯§iYxq 1959 wLªóvã †_‡K 1963, Avi c‡i 1969 †_‡K 1971 ch©šÍ 100 wKw¯Í‡Z cÖKvwkZ n‡jv Ñ Wv‡qwii †Quov cvZv| 1971 wLªóv‡ã MÖš’vKv‡i cÖKvwkZ n‡jv Wv‡qwii †Quov cvZv| Gici ¯§iYxq 1973 wLªóvã| cÖKvwkZ n‡jv †ivRbvgPv Avi mvwnZ¨ cyi¯‹vi| 1971-72 wLªóv‡ãi †miv MÖš’ wbe©vwPZ n‡jv Wv‡qwii †Quov cvZv| cyi¯‹vi w`‡jv w`wjø wek¦we`¨vjq| we‡`wk †jLK dv`vi `¨wZ‡qb, evsjv mvwnZ¨ cyi¯‹vi †c‡jb| cyi¯‹v‡ii bvg Ôbiwmsn `vm cyi¯‹viÕ (1973)| Avi ¯^‡`‡k †c‡jb Ôwµ¯Íd cø¨vZu¨v cyi¯‹viÕ (1976)| 1978 wLªóv‡ãi `ytmsev`| nVvr wbtk‡ã dv`vi P‡j †M‡jb

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Ñ wd‡i †M‡jb †ejwRqv‡g| G-GK Avðh© wLªó-mbœ¨vmxi AvZ¥Z¨v‡Mi gnvRxeb| 1978 †_‡K 2006 wLªóvã ch©šÍ my`xN© 28 eQi evsjvq K_v ejvi my‡hvM †c‡jb bv| evsjv wjL‡jb bv| 2006 wLªóv‡ã †`k cwÎKvi m¤úv`K nl© `‡Ëi Avgš¿‡Y Avevi wjL‡jb Ñ Ôcyiv‡bv †mB w`‡bi K_vÕ| avivevwnK cÖKvwkZ n‡jv Ñ AvU‡cŠ‡i w`bcwÄ| 2010 wLªóv‡ã †c‡jb cwðge½ miKv‡ii iex›`ª cyi¯‹vi| 2013 wLªóv‡ãi 30 wW‡m¤^i Zuvi 90Zg Rb¥w`b cvjb Kij Ñ Ôm¤úªxwZ AvKv‡`wgÕ, †KIovcyKzi, wgjbexw_‡Z (we-96, myKvšÍcjøx, †KIovcyKzi, nwi‡`ecyi, Kj-82)| wZwb nVvr mkix‡i nvwRi n‡jb Ñ †`e`~‡Zi g‡Zv| 90 eQ‡ii hyeK cweÎ nvwm‡Z fwi‡q w`‡jb wgjbexw_i gnvwgjb mfv| 93 eQi eq‡m wZwb Zuvi wb‡Ri †`k †ejwRqv‡gi eªv‡mj‡m| kixi Zuvi fv‡jv bq, B-†gB‡ji DËi w`‡Z cv‡ib bv| Zey wZwb evOvwji wcÖq gvbyl| whwb †hŠe‡bi me‡P‡q D¾¡j w`b¸‡jv mu‡c w`‡jb evsjv fvlv I evsjv mvwnZ¨ m„wói Rb¨| wZwb AvR Zuvi ¯^‡`‡k †mB PP©vq gMœ bv n‡q, gvbe‡mevq iZ| wLªó-mbœ¨vmxi gnvb AvZ¥Z¨vM Ñ KvjRqx n‡q BwZnv‡m †mvbvi Aÿ‡i, evsjv Aÿ‡i wj‡L ivL‡Z cvie †Zv! wLªó-wgkbvwi : ¯§iYxq mgq-mb * 1924 wLªóv‡ãi 30 wW‡m¤^i Rb¥, †ejwRqv‡gi Ôikd‡iÕ| * 1949 wLªóv‡ã wZwb KjKvZvq G‡jb| * 1950 wLªóv‡ã wZwb kÖxivgcyi Zx‡_© evsjv fvlv wkÿvi Rb¨ †M‡jb| * 1952 wLªóv‡ã evmšÍx e-Øx‡ci †m›U †Rwfqvm© ¯‹z‡ji Z…Zxq †kÖwYi wkÿK n‡jb| * 1959 wLªóv‡ã wek¦fviZx †_‡K evsjvq GgG cvk K‡ib| * 1959 †_‡K 1971 ch©šÍ †`k cwÎKvq avivevwnK Wv‡qwii †Quov cvZv cÖKvwkZ nq| * 1973 wLªóv‡ã cÖKvwkZ nq †ivRbvgPv I biwmsn `vm cyi¯‹vi cvb| * 1978 wLªóv‡ã nVvr wbtk‡ã †ejwRqv‡g wd‡i hvb| * 2006 wLªóv‡ã Avevi 28 eQi ci evsjv wjL‡jb| * 2010 wLªóv‡ã cwðge½ miKv‡ii iex›`ª cyi¯‹vi †c‡jb| * 2013 wLªóv‡ã 90Zg Rb¥w`b cvjb Ki‡jb Ôwgjbexw_Õ‡Z| * 2014 wLªóv‡ã Avevi wd‡i †M‡jb ¯^‡`k †ejwRqv‡g|

m¤úv`K-m¤úv`bv

¯§iYxq 1960 wLªóvã| gvÎ 11 eQ‡ii Kg mg‡qi g‡a¨ `vwqZ¡ †c‡jb cwÎKv m¤úv`‡Ki| Zvi Av‡MB, GK eQi Av‡M †`k cwÎKvq Wv‡qwii †Quov cvZv cÖKvwkZ n‡Z ïiæ K‡i‡Q Ñ avivevwnKfv‡e| 1960 wLªóv‡ã gv‡b wZwb m`¨ hvRK c‡` Awfwl³| nvRvixev‡Mi mbœ¨vmRxe‡bi †kl cÖ¯‘wZi wkÿv †kl K‡i‡Qb| ïiæ K‡i‡Qb bZzb hvRKxq Rxeb ïay bq, cwÎKviI m¤úv`‡Ki `vwqZ¡ wb‡q‡Qb| cwÎKvi bvg Avgv‡`i Rxeb| KjKvZv whï ms‡Ni gyLcÎ Avgv‡`i Rxeb (1936) cwÎKv ïiæ K‡iwQ‡jb dv`vi Av‡›`ª †`u¨v‡Zb (1888-1970)| dv`vi †`u¨v‡Z‡bi cÖwZwôZ Avgv‡`i Rxeb (1936) cwÎKv, 1960 wLªóv‡ã dv`vi `¨wZ‡qb m¤úv`‡Ki `vwqZ¡ wb‡jb| GKUvbv cÖvq 16 eQi| 1960 †_‡K 1977 ch©šÍ my`xN© mgq a‡i Avgv‡`i Rxeb m¤úv`bv K‡i RbwcÖq K‡i Zzj‡jb, evOvwj K¨v_wjK wLªóvb-mgv‡R| dv`vi `¨wZ‡q‡bi gyb&wk AgjKvwšÍ fÆvPvh© (1943-1988) Avgv‡`i Rxeb cwÎKvi mn‡hvMx m¤úv`‡Ki f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i‡Qb| mvwnZ¨‡cÖgx AgjKvwšÍ‡K dv`v‡ii Kv‡Q

cvwV‡qwQ‡jb Kwe eyׇ`e emy (1908-74)| hZw`b dv`vi `¨wZ‡qb Avgv‡`i Rxeb cwÎKvi m¤úv`K wQ‡jb 1960 †_‡K 1977; ZZw`b AgjKvwšÍI mn‡hvMx m¤úv`K wQ‡jb| AgjKvwšÍi AKvjcÖqv‡Y dv`vi Zuvi gyb&wknviv n‡q †kvK †c‡qwQ‡jb| gvÎ 45 eQ‡ii ZiZvRv ZiæY mvwnZ¨‡cÖgx AgjKvwšÍ fÆvPvh© (194388) DËi-cÖR‡b¥i GK m¤¢vebvgq mvwnZ¨mªóv‡K nviv‡Z n‡q‡Q| GL‡bv dv`vi `¨wZ‡qb AgjKvwšÍi Rb¨ Av‡ÿc K‡ib| GL‡bv AgjKvwšÍi †evb Avi fvwMœi Rb¨ †mœnim DRvo K‡i †`b| Zuv‡K AvU‡cŠ‡i w`bcwÄ DrmM© K‡ib| Avgv‡`i Rxe‡b cÖKvwkZ dv`v‡ii †jLv c‡o eyׇ`e emy †eRvq Lywk n‡qwQ‡jb| Avgv‡`i Rxeb cwÎKvi cÖ_g msL¨v c‡oB eyׇ`e emy e‡jwQ‡jb Ñ GB ÷¨vÛvW© a‡i ivLv hv‡e bv| m¤úv`K dv`vi GK mvÿvrKv‡i ¯^xKvi K‡i‡Qb Ñ Avgv‡`i Rxeb cwÎKvq cÖ_g msL¨vi ÷¨vÛvW© mwZ¨B a‡i ivLv hvqwb| cwÎKvwU‡KI euvwP‡q ivLv hvqwb| 2015 wLªóv‡ã dv`v‡ii jvj‡c‡o Mívewj bv‡g GKwU MÖš’ cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| cÖKvkK †m›U †Rwfqvm© K‡j‡Ri †Mv_vj&m jvB‡eªwi| jvj‡c‡o Mívewj‡Z cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q 68wU iPbv| hv Avgv‡`i Rxeb cwÎKv †_‡K wbe©vwPZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| Avgv‡`i Rxeb cwÎKvq dv`vi `¨wZ‡qb GKvwaK QÙbv‡g M`¨iPbv¸‡jv wj‡L‡Qb| †mB QÙbvg¸‡jv n‡jv Ñ hZxb cvj, Drcj `Ëivq, cÖfvZx †`, dv`vi †` I cj `¨wZ‡qb| bvbv ¯^v‡`i, eûgyLx iPbv¸‡jv UK-Svj-wgwói mswgkÖY| wewfbœ eq‡mi Rb¨ i‡q‡Q wfbœ ¯^v‡`i iPbv| †kÖwYwe‡k‡l cvVK‡`i eq‡mi m‡½ msMwZ †i‡L, ev¯ÍeZvi Av‡jv‡K fvlv Ges fw½i cwieZ©‡b AZ¨šÍ m‡PZb wQ‡jb wZwb| †hgb wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix‡`i Rb¨ mnRcvV¨ gnvRxe‡bi Rxebxgvjv| hyeK-hyeZx‡`i Rb¨ †hŠe‡bi evavgy³ nIqvi civgk©gvjv ev D¾xebgvjv| Avevi eq¯‹ wLªóvb cvVK‡`i Rb¨ wjwLZ n‡qwQj a¨vbg~jK Dc‡`kgvjv| GLv‡b wbe©vwPZ 68wU iPbvq mg‡qvc‡hvMx I ü`qMÖvnx Av‡e`b Av‡Q| cvwÐZ¨ewR©Z, wbijsK…Z iPbvq mvaviY Pwiθ‡jv‡Z dz‡U D‡V‡Q Mfxi Rxeb‡eva| Avgv‡`i Rxeb cwÎKv‡K wZwb ïay ÔRxebÕ bv‡g m¤úv`bv K‡i‡Qb| evsjv fvlvq, evsjv M`¨ mvwn‡Z¨ fw³i‡mi Av¯^v`‡b GB iPbv¸‡jv GK wfbœgvÎv w`‡q‡Q| m‡e©vcwi welq wLªó n‡jI mvwnZ¨i‡mi gva¨‡g fw³i †mŠif Qwo‡q w`‡q Ava¨vwZ¥KZvi Av¯^v` w`‡Z †c‡i‡Q| me‡P‡q eo K_v, dv`vi `¨wZ‡qb GKB m‡½ Avgv‡`i Rxe‡b wj‡L‡Qb Ñ wLªóxq Z‡Ë¡i imfvl¨| m‡½-m‡½ †`k cwÎKvq wjL‡Qb D”Pgv‡bi ig¨mvwnZ¨|

†Kix mv‡n‡ei BwZnvmgvjv

M‡elK dv`vi `¨wZ‡qbB cÖ_g †`Lv‡jb Ñ BwZnvmgvjv (1812) †Kixi †jLv bq, †Kix-msKwjZ| cÖ_g cÖKv‡ki 160 eQi ci M‡elK `¨wZ‡qb BwZnvmgvjv cybtcÖKvk Ki‡jb 1972 wLªóv‡ã| cÖL¨vZ M‡elK myKzgvi †mb BwZnvmgvjvi Bs‡iwR Abyev` Ki‡jb 1977 wLªóv‡ã| myKzgvi †m‡bi Bs‡iwR MÖš’wU DrmM© Ki‡jb dv`vi `¨wZ‡qb‡K| †mB DrmM© c„ôvq †mbgkvB wjL‡jb Ñ To Father Detienne, who resurrected Carey’s work from the oblivion of more than a hundred and sixty years.

Bs‡iwR BwZnvmgvjvi f‚wgKvq kÖ‡×q myKzgvi †mb g‡b Kwi‡q †`b Ñ MÖš’wUi h_v_© g~j¨vqb †KD K‡ibwb| dv`vi `¨wZ‡qbB cÖ_g M‡elK, whwb nvwi‡q-hvIqv MÖš’wU‡K Avwe®‹vi K‡i mwVK ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb| BwZnvmgvjv Ñ Avm‡j AvaywbK fviZe‡l©i †jvKmvwn‡Z¨i

cÖ_g Mí-msKjb‡K dv`vi `i` w`‡q mvg‡b G‡b‡Qb| BwZnvmgvjvi gvÎ PviwU Kwc Lyu‡R †c‡q‡Qb| e½xq mvwnZ¨ cwil‡`i jvB‡eªwi‡Z wZbwU Avi RvZxq MÖš’vMv‡i gvÎ GKwU Kwc Av‡Q| GgbwK kÖxivgcy‡ii wgkb jvB‡eªwi‡Z †Kv‡bv Kwc †bB| M‡elK dv`vi BwZnvmgvjvi cwic~Y© ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i Avgv‡`i Pg‡K w`‡q‡Qb| MÖ‡š’i weeiY, gy`ª‡Yi gykwKj Avmvb, fvlvZvwË¡K g~j¨vqb, Mí¸‡jvi Drm, Mí¸‡jvi PwiÎ, bxwZ I Zvrch©, evK¨web¨vmmn wjLb‰kjxi Mfxi Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb| Lye ¯úó K‡i gZvgZ w`‡q‡Qb Ñ ÔBwZnvmgvjvi D‡Ïk¨ fvlvwkÿY, mvwnZ¨m„wó bq|Õ Zey wZwb Mfxi wbôvq mvwnZ¨cÖqv‡mi jÿY AbymÜvb K‡i‡Qb| m‡e©vcwi dv`vi BwZnvmgvjvi Avmj Ô†jLKwU †KÕ Ñ GB `ytmvnmx cÖkœ Zz‡j‡Qb| GB mvnmx cÖ‡kœi DËiI w`‡q‡Qb| Ggb mg¯Í hyw³i mvnv‡h¨ GB DËi w`‡q‡Qb Ñ M‡elK-cvV‡Kiv Z…ßI n‡q‡Qb| AšÍZ Avwg e¨w³MZfv‡e Lye Z…ß n‡qwQ| †mB ˆeÁvwbK hyw³i g‡a¨ bZzb cÖkœI DuwK gvi‡Q| ïay bZzb cÖkœ bq, bZzb M‡elYvi `iRv Ly‡j hv‡”Q Ñ iPbvKv‡j †Kix Ggb GKR‡bi mvnvh¨ †c‡q‡Qb whwb Ñ †Kixi Ges m¤¢eZ wb‡Ri ARv‡šÍ Ñ mwZ¨Kvi mvwnwZ¨K wQ‡jb| Avgvi AbywgwZ GB †h BwZnvmgvjvi DrK‡l©i Rb¨ `vqx †mB A‡Pbv evOvwj mšÍvb; †K GB A‡Pbv evOvwj †jLK? M‡elYvg~jK m¤úv`bvi f‚wgKvq bxim kã-Av‡jvPbv bq, mim †KŠZ‚nj RvwM‡q Ô†Kix mv‡n‡ei gyb&wkÕ K_v Dm‡K w`‡q‡Qb| †Kb Avi ivgivg emy (1757-1813) wjL‡jb bv! Jcb¨vwmK cÖg_bv_ wekxi (1901-1985) bvg bv K‡iI Bw½Z w`‡q imwm³ K‡i‡Qb| webgª dv`vi ÔIB e½R †jLKwU‡KÕ Ôwe‡`wki kZ kZ bg¯‹viÕ Rvwb‡q‡Qb| me‡P‡q D‡jøL‡hvM¨ welq, dv`vi `¨wZ‡qb BwZnvmgvjv‡K eo †ewk fv‡jv‡e‡m †d‡jwQ‡jb| Wv‡qwii †Quov cvZv iPbvq †Kixi BwZnvmgvjv wb‡q Kgc‡ÿ 20wU iPbv wj‡L‡Qb, hv BwZnvmgvjvi BwZnvm I mvwnZ¨‡K Mfxifv‡e fvevq! ÔAvðh© †Kix mv‡neÕ iPbvq dv`vi D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb Ñ (Ô†Kixi †mB msKj‡b fuv‡o I †ek¨vi Kvwnwbi AšÍfz©w³| †k‡lv³ MíØq (eÜzi †mB P‚ovšÍ cÖeÂbv Ges Lye we‡klfv‡e ci‡gk¦i‡K wb‡q †mB dvRjvwg) GKRb †Muvov wgkbvwi †h, bvqK‡`i AvPiY †Kv‡bv g‡ZB wb›`v bv K‡i cÖKvk Ki‡Z wØav K‡ibwb, Zv †evanq Avðh©Zg| †Kb BwZnvmgvjv cÖPvwiZ nqwb? †Kb kÖxivgcyi †g‡gvqv‡m©, †dvU© DBwjqvg K‡j‡Ri cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki ZvwjKvq I js mv‡n‡ei K¨vUvj‡M eBwUi D‡jøL †bB? 160 eQi c‡i GKRb we‡`wk M‡el‡Ki GB cwikÖgmva¨ m¤úv`bv †`‡L Avgv‡`i Zuvi cÖwZ gv_v bZ n‡q Av‡m|

Abyev`K `¨wZ‡qb : †QvU ivRKzgvi I wLªóvbyKiY

wek¦L¨vZ `ywU MÖ‡š’i Abyev‡`i K_v we‡klfv‡e D‡jøL‡hvM¨| GKwU divwm MÖš’, Ab¨wU j¨vwUb fvlvi MÖš’ n‡jI wZwb Bs‡iwR †_‡K evsjvq Abyev` K‡i‡Qb| cÖ_‡g divwm MÖš’wUi K_v ejv †h‡Z cv‡i Ñ cÖKvk mv‡ji mg‡qi †cÖwÿ‡Z| 1970 wLªóv‡ã cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ n‡jI 2010-G jvjgvwU ms¯‹iYwU eZ©gv‡b cvIqv hvq| eBwUi divwm bvg Ñ j¨ cvwZ cÖ¨vm| †jLK Auv‡Zvqvb `¨ mu¨v‡ZKmy‡cwi| eBwU wek¦weL¨vZ iƒcK_vi eB, hv wkï‡`i Rb¨ iwPZ n‡jI eq¯‹iv c‡o Avb›` cvb| dv`vi evsjvq Abyev‡` eBwUi bvgKiY K‡i‡Qb Ñ †QvU ivRKzgvi| divwm †jLK Auv‡Zvqvb Zuvi †QvU ivRKzgvi MÖ‡š’i DrmcÎwU‡Z GK Amvgvb¨ PgK w`‡q‡Qb Ñ DrmM©cÎwU wQj wbgœiƒc, eÜz‡K wZwb DrmM© K‡i‡Qb Ñ

117

Dwb me †ev‡Sb, †QvU‡`i Rb¨ †jLv eB ch©šÍ| Avm‡j eBwU eÜz‡K mvg‡b †i‡L, mevB‡K Rvwb‡q w`‡jb, †QvU‡`i Rb¨ †jLv eB mevB †ev‡Sb bv| eBwUi Kvwnwb GKUvB, †QvU ivRKzgvi eo‡`i GB bv-†evSv eyS‡Z †c‡i G‡Kev‡i Pig nZvk n‡q‡Q| ZvB †m D‡ovRvnvR Pov wk‡L bZzb GK c„w_ex‡K †c‡q †Mj| †mB c„w_ex‡Z dzj, Zviv, giæf‚wg, mvc, †fov cÖf… wZ Ñ mevB †mLv‡b Amvgvb¨ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| †QvU ivRKzgvi fv‡jv K‡i Dcjwä Kij Ñ c„w_exi me eo GKB iKg| Zviv †QvU‡`i †ev‡Sb bv, eyS‡Z Pvb bv, GgbwK †QvU‡`i †jLvI †ev‡Sb bv| †m GK bZzb c„w_exi Mí| Avgv‡`i †Pbv iƒcK_vi Kvwnwb †_‡K G‡Kev‡i Avjv`v| †jLK bZzbfv‡e †f‡e‡Qb Ñ wkïmvwnZ¨ n‡qI eo‡`i Dc‡fvM¨ cvV¨| Abyev`K dv`vi `¨wZ‡q‡bi evsjv Abyev` c‡o Awff‚Z n‡q hv‡eb| Abe`¨ Abyev‡`i mdj KvwiMi Abyev`K `¨wZ‡qb| wZwb divwm fvlv Ges evsjv wk‡L‡Qb gvZ…fvlvi g‡Zv K‡i| Zuvi mvwnZ¨‡eva Mfxi ïay bq, im‡ev‡aI ig¨Zvi gyKzU AR©b K‡i‡Qb| wZwb wek¦ wkïmvwnZ¨ gš’b K‡i divwm I evOvwji fvlv‡eva‡K iß K‡i‡Qb| GLv‡b cvwЇZ¨i cÖKvk †bB, Av‡Q ïay wkïi g‡Zv mij ü`q, hv GKgvÎ dv`vi `¨wZ‡qbB Ki‡Z cv‡ib| 1970 wLªóv‡ã divwm †QvU ivRKzgvi| Avi 1971 wLªóv‡ã Ugvm-†Kw¤ú‡mi Bwg‡Ukb& Ad µvB÷ †_‡K wLªóvbyKiY evsjvq Abyev` Ki‡jb| wek¦ag© mvwn‡Z¨i GKwbô cvVK dv`vi `¨wZ‡qb evOvwji Ava¨vwZ¥K D¾xe‡bi Rb¨ evsjv Abyev‡` eªZx n‡qwQ‡jb| we‡kl K‡i mbœ¨vmx-mvaK Ugvm †Kw¤ú‡mi (1398-1471) 500Zg g„Zz¨e‡l© dv`v‡ii kÖ×vN©¨| wLªómvaK Ugvm †Kw¤úm (1398-1471) gvÎ †Z‡iv eQi eq‡m msmv‡ii mg¯Í ms‡hvM wQbœ K‡i mbœ¨vmeªZ MÖnY K‡ib| Bwg‡Ukb& Ad µvB‡÷i cÖavb cÖwZcv`¨ n‡”Q Ñ kixi I g‡bi DrKl©mvab| ïay K‡Vvi AvZ¥Z¨vM bq; wb‡Ri RxweKvi A_© wb‡R‡KB DcvR©b Ki‡Z n‡e| gvbe‡cÖwgK whïwLª‡ói Rxeb I evYx AbymiYB wQj Ugv‡mi GKgvÎ jÿ¨| Ugvm Zuvi Rxe‡bi AwfÁZv †_‡K wj‡LwQ‡jb| mviv c„w_ex‡Z Bwg‡Ukb& Ad µvB÷ MÖš’wUi L¨vwZi cÖavb KviY n‡”Q Ñ Zuvi Ck¦i-Avivabv I †mB m‡½ mvwnZ¨mvabv| c„w_exi ag©mvwn‡Z¨ evB‡e‡ji c‡iB Bwg‡Ukb& Ad µvB‡÷i ¯’vb| ¯^vgx we‡eKvb›` (1863-1902) GB cy¯Í‡Ki cÖ_g evsjv Abyev`K| ïay wZwb evsjv fvlvq Abyev` ïiæ K‡ibwb; fvi‡Z Ges fvi‡Zi evB‡i hy³ivR¨ I hy³iv‡óª, me©Î GB MÖ‡š’i ¸iæZ¡ cÖPvi K‡i‡Qb| ¯^vgxwR Zuvi ¯^iwPZ Abyev‡`i m~Pbvq wj‡L‡Qb Ñ ÔwLª‡ói AbymiYÕ bvgK GB cy¯K Í mgMÖ wLªó-RM‡Zi AwZ Av`‡ii ab| GB gnvcy¯K Í †Kv‡bv †ivg¨vb K¨v_wjK mbœ¨vmxi wjwLZ| wjwLZ ewj‡j fzj nq; Bnvi cÖ‡Z¨K Aÿi D³ Ckv‡cÖ‡g me©Z¨vMx gnvZ¥vi ü`‡qi †kvwYZwe›`y‡Z gyw`ªZ|... wZwb G cy¯‡Í K Avcbvi bvg †`b bvB| wLªóvbyKiY MÖš’‡K ejv nq ÔevB‡e‡ji g½j mgvPv‡ii gg©mviÕ| Ugvm †Kw¤ú‡mi gb¯ÍvwË¡K m~² we‡kølY GK me©Rbxb gvbweK Av‡e`b G‡b‡Q, hv ag©eY©wbwe©‡k‡l mvaviY cvV‡Ki ü`q‡K D¾xweZ K‡i †Zv‡j| evsjv fvlvq ¯^vgx we‡eKvb‡›`i c‡i Abyev` K‡i‡Qb Ñ mvweÎxcÖmbœ P‡Ævcva¨vq (wLª‡ói AbymiY), j²xcÖmv` †PŠayix (wLª‡ói AbyKiY) Ges ¯^vgx mw”P`vb›` (CkvbyKiY)| Bwg‡Ukb& Ad µvB÷ MÖ‡š’i evsjv Abyev‡`i avivq me©‡kl Abyev`K n‡”Qb wLªómbœ¨vmx dv`vi `¨wZ‡qb| MÖš’wU ïay Bs‡iwR‡Z bq, c„w_exi mg¯Í

118

cÖavb fvlvq Ab~w`Z n‡q RMr Rq K‡i‡Q| wLªó-mbœ¨vmx `¨wZ‡qb PviwU L‡Ð, GKÎ K‡i msKwjZ K‡i‡Qb| evsjvq Zuvi bvgKiY wLªóvbyKiY (1971)| `¨wZ‡q‡bi wLªóvbyKiY evsjv M‡`¨i cÖvÄj Abyev`| dv`vi `¨wZ‡qb wLªó-mbœ¨vmx, wØZxqZ Zuvi Bs‡iwR I evsjv fvlvi `Lj cÖkœvZxZ| hvi dj¯^iƒc Ñ GB Abyev` mnR‡eva¨ evsjv M‡`¨i GK g‡bvig †mŠif Qwo‡q w`‡q‡Qb| Zuvi L‡Ði wefvM¸‡jvi bvgKiY †`‡L †bIqv †h‡Z cv‡i Ñ cÖ_g LÐ : Ava¨vwZ¥K DbœwZ mvabv, wØZxq LÐ : AvšÍRx©e‡bi AvnŸvb, Z…Zxq LÐ : AvšÍi mvšÍ¡bv I PZz_© LÐ : wLªócÖmv` | Ñ wb‡R‡K Ges me©¯^ Z¨vM KÕ‡i mevi wb‡P †h Avmb †bq, Zvi g‡Zv abevb, Zvi g‡Zv kw³kvjx, Zvi g‡Zv gy³ †KDB bq| wLªóZË¡‡K mnR evsjv M‡`¨ imfv‡l¨ DbœxZ Kiv Ñ GKgvÎ wLªó-mbœ¨vmx `¨wZ‡qbB Ki‡Z cv‡ib| AšÍif‚wg †_‡K wZwb evsjv fvlv‡K wm×-mvabvq AR©b Kivi dj wLªóvbyKiY| evsjv fvlvi Mfx‡i P‡j †h‡Z †c‡i‡Qb, wLªóZ‡Ë¡i †cÖ‡gi evYx‡K evOvwj‡K GK bZzb Dcnv‡i mw¾Z K‡i‡Qb| Ava¨vwZ¥K MÖ‡š’i Abyev‡`i ¯^vaxbmËvi kw³ AR©b K‡i‡Qb dv`vi `¨wZ‡qb| evsjv fvlvq wLªóvbyKiY GK D¾¡j `„óvšÍ|

evsjv M`¨ ci¤úiv : cwikÖgx AbymÜvb

eBwUi bvg M`¨ ci¤úiv (1977)| fvlvPvh© mybxwZKzgvi P‡Ævcva¨vq‡K DrmM© Kiv n‡q‡Q| mr msKjK wLªó-mbœ¨vmx ¯^xKvi K‡i‡Qb Ñ M`¨ ci¤úiv MÖš’bv e¨w³MZ cÖ‡qvRb‡ev‡a| M`¨ MÖš’wU covi ci mbœ¨vmxi mZZv‡K Qvwc‡q c‡o cvV‡Ki AbymwÜrmy gb| fvev hvq 485 (Pvi‡kv cuPvwk) Rb wewkó cÖqvZ evOvwj M`¨‡jL‡Ki wbe©vwPZ msKjb! KZ w`b! KZ kÖg! KZKv‡ji gbbkxj cwikÖ‡g GB e¨vwßi mxgv Uvbv hvq| evsjv fvlvi M`¨ mvwn‡Z¨i Avw` hyM †_‡K wek kZ‡Ki mv‡Zi `kK ch©šÍ wewkó M`¨wkíx‡`i cÖwZwbwaZ¡g~jK †kÖô M‡`¨i ci¤úivi m¤úv`K dv`vi `¨wZ‡qb| m‡PZb m¤úv`K-msKjK e„nËi e½‡`‡ki mxgvbv µgk e„w×i cwimxgv‡K a‡i‡Qb| †`wk-we‡`wk k‡ãi mswgkÖY‡K Av¯^v` K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi wb‡Ri m„Rbkxj evsjv M‡`¨i Awfbe m„wó Wv‡qwii †Quov cvZv (1971) MÖš’vMv‡i cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| GKRb gnrg‡bi, gnrwkíx wb‡RB †R‡b wb‡Z Pvb evsjv M‡`¨i HwZn¨ Ges ci¤úivq mgKvjxb evsjv M‡`¨i Rxeb‡iLv| webqx msKjK `¨wZ‡qb myax cvV‡Ki Kv‡Q wb‡e`b K‡i‡Qb Ñ ÔAv‡iv fv‡jvi mÜvb`v‡b Zuviv †hb msKjwqZvi GB h_vmva¨-fv‡jv LmovwU‡K cwi‡kva‡b, cwieR©‡b, cwiea©‡b, cwigvwR©Z K‡ib|Õ M`¨ ci¤úivi (1977) wbe©vwPZ GK c„ôvi D×…wZ¸‡jvi imwePvi bv Ki‡jI, ïayB msKjb im n‡q D‡V‡Q Kx! cÖ_g bgybv wb‡q‡Qb Av‡šÍvwbI †`v †ivRvwiI Ñ †kl K‡i‡Qb Av‡bvqvi cvkv‡K w`‡q| cÖwZwU wbe©vPb cÖ_g †_‡K †kl ch©šÍ wbweo cv‡V aiv co‡e msKj‡Ki GK mim `~i`wk©Zv| evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i eû ˆewPΨ, ag© I iƒc aiv c‡o‡Q| Ggb GK M`¨‡jLK‡K mvg‡b G‡b‡Qb Ñ huviv Z_vKw_Z mvwn‡Z¨i BwZnv‡m ¯’vb cvbwb| Zuviv GLv‡b ¯’vb †c‡q‡Qb ïay ÔgvqvekZÕ e‡j g‡b Kwi bv| m¤úv`K-msKjK GKRb ig¨iPbvKvi, Zxeª im‡eva Zuvi Kj‡gi WMvq| 485 Rb †jL‡Ki g‡a¨ 37 Rb †jwLKv‡K mvg‡b G‡b‡Qb| Pg‡Ki ci PgK| Av‡iv A‡bK PgK, Avgv‡`i Pg‡K †`q| Ñ åvZ…Øq, åvZ…Îq, fwMœhyMj, wcZv-cyÎ, wcZv-Kb¨v, åvZv-fwMbx, cwZ I cZœx‡`i M`¨ ci¤úiv Avgv‡`i evsjv M`¨‡K mg„× K‡i‡Q| ïay VvKzievwoi 28 Rb M`¨‡jLK Av‡Qb| VvKzievwoi Pvi cyiæl †jLK, ZvI GLv‡b wbe©vwPZ n‡q‡Qb| ˆewPΨ

GLv‡b †kl bq Ñ BmgvBj †nv‡mb wkivRxi GKwUgvÎ ev‡K¨i D×…wZ‡ZB GK c„ôv| ÔAwmZKzgvi nvj`v‡ii iƒcK_vi mvejxj fvlv‡mªv‡ZÕ GKwUI hy³vÿi †bB| msKjK-m¤úv`K `¨wZ‡q‡bi GB †kÖwYwefvRb †`‡L mn‡RB Abygvb Kiv hvq Ñ cwikÖg Avi Mfxi AbymÜvb Qvov G-KvR m¤¢e bq| ågYKvwnwb, bvUK, ig¨iPbv, cwÎKvi m¤úv`Kxq, AvZ¥PwiZ, ¯§„wZK_v I Abyev`Kg© †_‡K bgybv †bIqv n‡q‡Q| hvi d‡j evsjv M‡`¨i welq‰ewPΨ GK Awfbe Av¯^v` G‡b w`‡q‡Q| ïay mvay bq, PwjZ M‡`¨i wb`k©b, 1925 wLªóv‡ãi Av‡MB kLv‡bK n‡q wM‡qwQj| M`¨ ci¤úiv mvwn‡Z¨i BwZnv‡mi GK Acwinvh© Dcv`vb wn‡m‡e ¯^xKvh© n‡Z eva¨| Z_vKw_Z mvwn‡Z¨i BwZnvm †_‡K wfbœc‡_ cwikÖ‡gi hvÎvq M`¨ ci¤úiv mvwnZ¨-BwZnv‡mi cwic~iK n‡q D‡V‡Q| GKRb we‡`wk 27 eQi K‡Vvi Abykxj‡b, evsjv M`¨-mvwn‡Z¨i M‡elYv‡K GK beZi gvÎv w`‡q‡Qb, hv eZ©gv‡bi M‡elK‡`i fvev‡e eBwK? fvlv b`xi g‡Zv engvb| A‡bK¸‡jv euvK wb‡q AvaywbKZvi w`‡K GwM‡q hvq| GKRb we‡`wk m¤úv`K Zuvi cÖv‡Yi fvlvm¾v‡K Ggbfv‡e Dc¯’vcb K‡ib Ñ g‡b nq Zuvi M`¨ Aw¯Í‡Z¡i cÖvY‡fvgiv ai‡Z Pvb| wZwbI GKRb M`¨‡jLK ïay bb, †gŠwjK avivi AMÖ`~ZI| wZwb ey‡S wb‡Z Pvb, Avm‡j †h-fvlvq wZwb m„wó Ki‡Qb Ñ Zvi AMÖMwZ †Kvb engvbZvq mgxÿv Kiv n‡e! GLv‡b ¯^‡`wk †nvK Avi we‡`wk †nvK Ñ cwikÖgkxj gb‡bi gvb¨Zv Avjv`v| GLv‡b m¤úv`K-msKjK we‡`wk e‡jB kÖ×v Av‡iv †e‡o †Mj|

we‡`wk `¨wZ‡qb : evsjv M‡`¨i bqv iƒcKvi

wQbœcÎ bq, mv‡n‡ei †jLv Wv‡qwii †Quov cvZv †`‡k avivevwnK cÖKvwkZ n‡”Q Ñ cvV‡Kiv QÙbvg †f‡ewQj| QÙbv‡g †Kv‡bv evOvwj †jLK Ôevsjv †QvUv‡”QbÕ| A‡b‡KB ej‡jb, cÖ_‡gB Wv‡qwii †Quov cvZv cwo| Uªv‡g-ev‡mI cvV‡Kiv Av‡jvPbv KiZ AmvaviY we‡`wk mv‡n‡ei †jLv! GI wK m¤¢e! ïay GKwbôZv bq, Mfxi c¨vkb& Qvov m¤¢e bq| K‡Vvi Abykxj‡bi m‡½ mvwnZ¨-cÖwZfvi hyMj wgjb N‡U‡Q, mv‡n‡ei g‡a¨| ZvI gvÎ bq eQ‡ii g‡a¨ (1949-59) evsjv fvlvi bq, evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i bqv iƒcKvi| evsjvq †jLK n‡eb, fv‡ebwb wZwb| Lye fv‡jv evsjv fvlvUv wkL‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb| Avm‡j evsjv fvlvi aŸwbgvayh©, msMxZ Ñ Ômusicalité de la proseÕ Ñ Zuv‡K AvK…ó K‡i‡Q| evsjv M‡`¨i my‡ii g~Q©bv Zuvi Kv‡b †e‡R †R‡M D‡VwQj Ñ †mB gayi g‡bvig evsjv msMxZ| mv‡ne gv‡b Bs‡iR mv‡ne bq, †ejwRqv‡gi divwm mv‡ne| evsjv fvlvi A›`ignj I AšÍi mvgªv‡R¨ wZwb muvZvi w`‡qwQ‡jb| wZwb †hb evsjv M`¨ wb‡q †envjv evwR‡q‡Qb| G †hb my‡ii g~Q©bv| evsjv M`¨Q‡›`i g‡bvig msMxZ| dv`vi `¨wZ‡qb `yeQi (1957-59) kvwšÍwb‡KZ‡b wQ‡jb| AvÇv w`‡Zb| wÿZxk ivq, A‡kvKweRq ivnv, kvwšÍ‡`e †Nvl, ivgwK¼i †eBR, cÖfvZ gy‡Lvcva¨vq, Abœ`vk¼i ivq, ˆmq` gyRZev Avjx Avi Bw›`iv †`ex †PŠayivbxi m‡½| Av‡iv wQ‡jb AevOvwj evÜexivI Ñ Igi ˆLqv‡gi Abyev`K KvwšÍP›`ª †Nv‡li ¯¿x ÎZv †Nvl I Abœ`vk¼‡ii gvwK©b ¯¿x jxjv ivq| iex›`ªbv‡_i kvwšÍwb‡KZ‡b e‡m ÔRxeb‡`eZviÕ WvK †c‡qwQ‡jb| wj‡L †d‡jwQ‡jb Ô†jL‡Ki †jLbxÕ Ñ †jLK gv‡b Ck¦i, Avi †jLbx wQ‡jb ¯^qs dv`vi cj `¨wZ‡qb| kvwšÍwb‡KZ‡b _vK‡ZB Wv‡qwii †Quov cvZv Ac©Y K‡iwQ‡jb †`k cwÎKvi m¤úv`K mvMigq †Nvl‡K| cÖL¨vZ mvMigq †Nvl ZLbB Zuv‡K e‡jwQ‡jb Ñ ÔYou have opened a new vista in Bengali literature.Õ evsjvi ms¯‹…wZRM‡Z †gjv‡gkv Ki‡Zb w`Kcvj‡`i m‡½, †hgb Ñ hvwgbx ivq, AiæY wgÎ, ˆg‡Îqx †`ex, myKzgvi †mb, mybxwZKzgvi P‡Ævcva¨vq| fvlvPvh© mybxwZKzgvi Zuvi †jLvi gy» f³

wQ‡jb| w`‡qwQ‡jb `xN© GK DrmvncÎ Ñ It is remarkable how you have made a complicated language like Bengali so much your very own... Ôe½mi¯^Zx †meK GB bZzb AvMš‘KwU †K?Õ Zuvi GKgvÎ cwiPq, wZwb wb‡RB w`‡q‡Qb Ñ ÔwZwb GKRb wLªó-mbœ¨vmx Ñ PwjZ †MŠoxq fvlvq hv‡K e‡j K¨v_wjK wgkbvwi|Õ †KD ejj ciïivg, †KD ejj gyRZev Ñ Aek¨ ÔAwek¦vm¨Õ gyRZev bq, PvPv Kvwnwbi Avjx mv‡ne| DBwjqvg †Kwi, nvbœv gy‡jÝ& I A¨v›Uwb wdwiw½i ciB Zuvi ¯’vb| Avm‡j Zuvi evsjv M‡`¨i ÷vBj `yAvbv divwm n‡Z cv‡i, `yAvbv evsjvI wKš‘ ev`evwK cuPvËi bqv cqmv gv‡b ev‡iv Avbv Zuvi m¤ú~Y© wbR¯^ cÖwZfvi cÖmv`¸Y| Wv‡qwii †Quov cvZv MÖ‡š’i cÖ_g †jLvwUi bvg Ô`xcyi KvbœvÕ| GB cÖ_g †jLvwU c‡o, Avgvi †QvU‡ejvi m‡½ G‡Kev‡i wg‡j hvq| Avwg ZLb K¬vm dvB‡f cwo| wf³i û‡Mvi jv wg‡Rive&j c‡o †mB †QvU‡ejvq Avgvi †Pv‡L Rj G‡mwQj| we‡K‡ji †Ljv ev` w`‡q, †mw`b eBwU co‡Z-co‡Z Av‡eMcÖeY n‡q wM‡qwQjvg| Ô`xcyi KvbœvÕq Av‡Q Ñ Ôevsjv‡`‡k jv wg‡Rive&j c‡owb Avi Zv c‡o Kuv‡`wb Ggb QvÎ weij|Õ †QvÆ GKUv iPbv| gvÎ 105wU k‡ãi g‡a¨ evOvwj wK‡kviRxe‡bi GgbB wgj Ñ mwZ¨B G-GK we¯§qKi iPbv| GK Avðh© gb¯ÍË¡ Ávb| Pig AwfÁZv Avi Mfxi Rxeb‡eva bv _vK‡j GiKg †jLv hvq bv| Avwg gy³K‡É cÖKv‡k¨ ¯^xKvi KiwQ Ñ AvaywbK mvwn‡Z¨i Avgvi wcÖq †jLK we‡`wk mv‡ne : dv`vi `¨wZ‡qb| †n mvwnwZ¨K, kÖ×v-wgwkÖZ †mjvg RvbvB| wgjbexw_i GB evZ©v †cuŠ‡Q hvK †ejwRqvg-eªv‡mj‡m| ÔwekÖx wbqgÕ iPbvq Ñ PjšÍ Uªv‡gi SzjšÍ cÖwZ‡ekxi m‡½ AvšÍwiK AšÍi½ n‡q, wb‡Ri Rxebe„ËvšÍ ejvi fw½ †hb GK †QvUM‡íi Kvwnwbi bqv w`MšÍ Ly‡j †M‡Q| †kl n‡q nq bv‡Kv †kl| †kl †_‡K †hb Avevi ïiæ n‡”Q| c‡KUgv‡ii e„ËvšÍ ej‡Z wM‡q wLªó-mbœ¨vmxi Ava¨vwZ¥K Rxe‡bi AvZ¥Z¨v‡Mi AvL¨vbUvI e‡j †`Iqvi †KŠkj †hb ig¨Zv G‡b w`‡q‡Q| ïay ZvB bq, DËgcyiæ‡l †jLv, wb‡R‡K wb‡q GK Avðh©my›`i nvm¨im Ges KiæYim (c‡KUKvUv, gvwbe¨vM †bB) GKB m‡½ wPwÎZ K‡i‡Qb| GiKg D`vniY Av‡iv A‡bK Av‡Q| evOvwj-Rxe‡bi LyuwUbvwU, m~²vwZm~² welq‡K †hfv‡e A¼b K‡i‡Qb, AevK n‡q †h‡Z nq| ïay evOvwj wkï-wK‡kvi bq, evOvwj bvixi gg©K_v Ñ mv‡ne g‡bi gvayix wgwk‡q Zz‡j G‡b‡Qb| †mBm‡½ evsjv k‡ãi †Ljv Ñ Zrmg †_‡K PwjZ evsjvi mswgkÖ‡Y evsjv ev‡K¨i cÖvYkw³‡K evwo‡q w`‡q‡Qb| m‡PZbfv‡e Bs‡iwR k‡ãi e¨envi‡K Kwg‡q †`Iqvi cÖ‡Póv wb‡q‡Qb| ïay evsjv k‡ãi Ávb bq, wek¦mvwn‡Z¨i cvV‡K iPbvi m‡½ wgwk‡q bZzb ˆkjx‡Z AvaywbK †_‡K µgk AvaywbKZi K‡i †Zvjvi A`g¨ cÖqvm i‡q‡Q| Ôevsjv I evOvwjÕ iPbv c‡o †evSv hvq Ñ ïay evsjv kãÁvb bq, evsjv msMxZ †_‡K evsjv ms¯‹…wZ‡K KZ Kv‡Q †_‡K †`‡L‡Qb| evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i ïay BwZnvm bq, evOvwji BwZnvm Z_v fviZxq BwZnvmPP©v Zuvi bL`c©‡Y| evsjv fvlvi my‡ijv Q›`, kÖeYgyLi wech©q, Av‡Q †gRvwR Av¯^v` gvayh© Avi ¯^ie‡Y©i mimZv‡K cÖ‡qvM K‡i‡Qb| evOvwji †`vl-¸Y‡K †hfv‡e Gu‡K‡Qb Ñ KL‡bv Avevi divwm‡`i m‡½ Zzjbvg~jK Av‡jvK`‡Ð mœvZ K‡i‡Qb| hvi d‡j cvV Dc‡fvM¨Zv A‡bK¸Y †e‡o †M‡Q| eyw×`xß nvm¨im cwi‡ekb K‡i evsjv M‡`¨i kw³‡K we‡k¦i mvg‡b G‡b‡Qb| ZvB mvwn‡Z¨ we‡`wk‡`i †jLvcovi PP©v bZzb mnmªv‡ãi GK bqv-Dcnvi| ¯^‡`wki AšÍ‡P©v‡L we‡`wk‡`i ch©v‡jvPbv AvaywbK mvwn‡Z¨i GK bqv-Dcv`vb| ¯^‡`wk †fvRbiwm‡Ki wRnŸvq Av‡m Awfbe Av¯^v`| e½ ms¯‹…wZ GK wgkÖ ms¯‹…wZi evOvwj, ZvB mn‡RB AwZw_‡K Avcb K‡i wb‡q‡Q| dv`vi GLv‡b AwZw_ bb, evOvwji N‡ii †jvK| wZwb

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†ejwRqv‡g wd‡i †M‡jI Zuvi evsjv M`¨ Avgv‡`i N‡i i‡q †Mj| ÔRv‡Z †f‡Zv, bv‡g Uu¨vkÕ iPbvwU wb‡q m¤¢eZ †Rviv‡jv weZK© n‡qwQj Ñ ZvjZjvq| wKš‘ AvR mvwn‡Z¨i M‡elKiv ÔAbywgwZÕ Ki‡Z cv‡ib Ñ †jvKÁvb Avi b„Z‡Ë¡i gbb bv _vK‡j wK †jLv hvq Ñ GB im‡ev‡ai D”Pv‡½i m„Rbkxj M`¨! bv, f`ª‡jvKwU mv‡neI bb, Avav Bs‡iRI bb| Iui ¯¿x kvwo c‡ib, evjv c‡ib; c‡ib cv‡q AvjZv, gv_vq wmu`iy | wb‡RI Dwb cvb †L‡q wcK †d‡jb, Bwjk-fvZ †L‡q †XuKiz †Zv‡jb, bvK †S‡o aywZ‡ZB nvZ †gv‡Qb|... Avi ZeyI f`ª‡jv‡Ki bvg A¨v›Uwb †Mv‡gk| KjKvZv ev evsjvi wewPÎ RbRxeb bq, we`¨vPP©v wb‡q M`¨‰kjx m„wó Kiv, A_ev nvm¨i‡mi Mfx‡i cvwÐZ¨‡K cÖ‡ek Kiv‡bvi kw³, `¨wZ‡qb wbcyYfv‡e wbg©vY K‡i‡Qb| evsjv eY©gvjv †_‡K e¨vKiY, bxim welq †_‡K Kvwe¨K e¨Äbvq mimZvi mvi¯^Z wPÎ gy» K‡i| hv cwo Zvi †P‡q †ewk Rvb‡Z cvwi| †eb©vi`¨vr ej‡Zb Ñ Ôe„wó co‡j Avwg fvwe, GK my›`ix Kuv`‡Q!Õ ÔDcnvi wewbgqÕ iPbvq †hb GKB m‡½ dzj Avi d‡ji mgvnviÑ Zvn‡j Avcbvi cvBcwU Avgv‡K w`b Avi Avcbvi ûu‡KvwU Avcwb wb‡q hvb| D”P¯Í‡ii Áv‡bi m‡½ M‡íi †gRvR Ñ GKB m‡½ i‡mi †gje܇b bZzb M`¨‰kjx m„wó n‡q‡Q| mv‡ne `xN© f‚-ch©U‡b me‡P‡q g~j¨evb †Kv‡bv Ávb AvniY K‡i G‡b‡Qb| mv‡ne DËi †`b : ÔmZ¨‡K LyR u ‡Z nq mij ü`q w`‡q; cÖKw… Z‡ZB m‡Z¨i Awaôvb; mZ¨‡K cÖKvk Ki‡Z nq m¾‡bi Kv‡Q|Õ †mBm‡½ mv‡ne Ry‡o w`‡Z †fv‡jb bv Ñ †Zgb eD †c‡j Z‡eB myL! Avm‡j dv`vi `¨wZ‡qb im‡ev‡ai †gvo‡K cvVK‡K cwo‡q wb‡Z Pvb| w`‡Z Pvb Ava¨vwZ¥K cwi‡lev| KviY wZwb ïay mvwnwZ¨K bb, wZwb †Zv wLªó-mbœ¨vmx| we‡`wk `¨wZ‡q‡bi iPbvq GKB m‡½ eûgyLx ¯Í‡ii we¯Ívi Av‡Q| Zuvi cvVK GL‡bv M‡o I‡Vwb e‡jB g‡b nq| nq‡Zv mgv‡jvP‡Kiv ej‡eb Ñ dv`vi †Zv mevi Rb¨ †j‡Lb bv| Zuvi ZvB wkwÿZ bq, D”PwkwÿZ cvVK| Wv‡qwii †Quov cvZvi ÔfvBfv †fvwmÕ iPbvq Kvwnwbi g‡a¨ Av‡iK Kvwnwbi cÖ‡qvM| GKB m‡½ `y‡Uv AvL¨vb‡K GKB mg‡q mwVK m„wói m¤¢v‡i `„wób›`b I g‡bviÄb Kiv‡Z cv‡ib| ÔM‡elK‡`i D‡Ï‡kÕ iPbvq Ñ Ô†Kix mv‡n‡ei evsjv e¨vKi‡Yi cÖ_g ms¯‹iY †evanq Ñ G‡`‡k AšÍZ wejyß, †Kix mv‡n‡ei K‡_vcK_‡bi cÖ_g ms¯‹iY, g‡b nq evsjv‡`‡k †Kv_vI †g‡j bv, cwЇPwi‡Z Av‡Q|Õ M‡elK‡`i eB‡qi †LuvR evZ‡j cÖ‡qvRbxq wb‡`©k w`‡q, im‡eva m„wó Ki‡Qb| †Kix w`‡q ïiæ K‡i Ry¨wjhu¨v wf‡qv, †gvcvmuv I ijuv‡Z wM‡q †kl Ki‡Qb| e½ M‡elYvq ïiæ n‡q divwm mvwnZ¨PP©vi w`MšÍ‡K cÖmvwiZ K‡i w`‡q‡Qb| Ôevsjv‡`kÕ bvgK iPbvq wgk‡ii m‡½ evsjviv‡R¨i Zzjbvg~jK ch©v‡jvPbvq evsjv‡K †mivi ¯’v‡b ewm‡q‡Qb| Avevi imwm³ we‡køl‡Y GKB m‡½ evsjvi bvix‡K †mŠ›`h©j²xi Avm‡b bvwg‡q‡Qb| fv‡jv-g‡›` fiv e½Rxe‡bi GB `yB †giæ‡K GK AmvaviY RxešÍ gvÎv w`‡q‡QbÑ cÖ‡qvRbxq me e¯‘i cÖZ‡z ji Rb¨ Ñ Ges I‡`i bvix mgv‡Ri †mŠ›`h© I †Lvm †gRv‡Ri `iæb Ñ cZzM© xR, Bs‡iR I WvP‡`i g‡a¨ GK cÖPwjZ cÖev` Av‡Q : evsjviv‡R¨ cÖ‡ekØvi Av‡Q AmsL¨, †bB †KvbI wbM©g‡bi c_| GB PgrKvwiZ¡ †Zv Dcb¨v‡mi Av‡gR I †gRv‡Ri GK Ac~e© mw¤§jb| welq‰ewPΨ Avi wek¦we`¨vPP©vi GK gnvm‡¤§jb N‡U‡Q Ñ Wv‡qwii †Quov cvZvq| bvgKi‡Yi g‡a¨I GK we`¨vhy³ imwm³ GK fviZxq mgvRwPÎ; mZx`vn cÖ_vi GK bZzb Z‡_¨ weaev‡`i KiæY wPÎ mvg‡b Avm‡Q| †mB m‡½ we‡`wk ewYK‡`i D×vice©| BwZnv‡mi g‡a¨ Av‡iK BwZnv‡mi ms‡hvRb| AvaywbK BwZnv‡mi bZzb eqvb m„wó n‡”Q| Avi

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GLv‡bB †kl bq, evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i bZzb Dcv`vb hy³ n‡”Q Ñ hvi bvg wLªó-cÖm½ Avi evB‡e‡ji bvbvb Pwi‡Îi ivgaby”Q©Uv| hv evsjv mvwnZ¨‡K Awfbe c‡_, evOvwj cvVK‡K bqv c‡_i Zx_©hvÎx K‡i Zzj‡Q| mvwnwZ¨K mybxj M‡½vcva¨vq ¯^xKvi K‡i‡Qb Ñ †`‡k dv`vi `¨wZ‡q‡bi †jLv cÖ_g co‡Zb| gvZ…fvlv Qvov Ab¨ GKwU we‡`wk fvlvq i½iwmKZv Kiv LyeB `yjf © NUbv| dv`vi `¨wZ‡q‡bi evsjv fvlv-mvwnZ¨PP©v †`‡L AvR gvZ…fvlvi msÁvi AZxZ fz‡j bqv msÁvi K_v fve‡Z n‡e| †KZKx WvBm‡bi gvZ…fvlvi bvg evsjv n‡jI Bs‡iwRI Zuvi Kv‡Q gvZ…fvlvi g‡Zv| `¨wZ‡q‡bi gvZ…fvlv evsjv ej‡j, mevB GKgZ n‡ebB|

evsjv M‡`¨i cÖ_g wUªjwR †ivRbvgPv GKwU dviwm kã| hvi A_© Ôw`bwjwcÕ| Wv‡qwiI ejv †h‡Z cv‡i| †ivRbvgPv cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ nq Ag„Z cwÎKvq 1973 wLªóv‡ã| MÖšv’ Kv‡i cÖ_g cÖKvk 1973 wLªóv‡ã| dv`vi `¨wZ‡q‡bi Wv‡qwii †Quov cvZv‡KI †hb Qvwc‡q hvq †ivRbvgPv (1973)| †ivRbvgPvq dv`vi Aviwe-dviwm kã wb‡q m„wói Avb‡›` gMœ n‡q‡Qb| †ivRbvgPv bvgKi‡YB †mB be-m„wói †Quvqv Av‡Q| 1972 wLªóv‡ã m`¨ ¯^vaxbZvcÖvß bZzb ivóª evsjv‡`k md‡ii AwfÁZv †ivRbvgPvq cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q| Avm‡j e½‡cÖwgK dv`vi `¨wZ‡qb cwðge‡½i RbRxeb‡K Kv‡Q †_‡K †`Lvi my‡hvM †c‡qwQ‡jb| wZwb G‡mwQ‡jb 1949 wLªóv‡ã| m`¨ fviZ ¯^vaxbZv †c‡q‡Q| fvM n‡q‡Q fviZel©| c~ee© ‡½i Rbms¯‹w… Z‡K Zz‡j aivi Rb¨ Ñ Wv‡qwii †Quov cvZvi wØZxq c‡e©i bvg †ivRbvgPv ejv †h‡Z cv‡i| c~ee© ½ Z_v 1972 wLªóv‡ãi ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`k iv‡óªi Rbms¯‹w… Z‡Z gymwjg evOvwji Rxeb‡K cÖwZdwjZ K‡i‡Qb Ñ †ivRbvgPvq| Ôweweiv †fvU †`‡e bv!Õ, ÔbRivbv PvB... Mvb KiæbÕ, ÔRvwKi wgTvi Av¯ÍvbvqÕ, ÔLy`v nvwdR!Õ, ÔmybxwZi gnjøvqÕ, ÔXvKvi KoPvÕ, ÔKgj I KvgvjÕ, ÔBDmyd I †Rv‡jLvÕ, ÔggZv‡Ri cÖ¯v’ bÕ, Ô†e‡nw¯Í mvwn‡Z¨i K_vÕ, ÔAvjøvû AvKeviÕ, Ôkvwgg AvivÕ cÖfw… Z iPbvq Aviwedviwm k‡ãi e¨envi GK Awfbe gvÎv G‡b‡Q| †hgb ÔXvKvi KoPvÕ iPbvq Awfbe cÖwZdjb N‡U‡Q Ñ fvi‡Z Av‡Q jwi-mvwnZ¨, evsjv‡`‡k Av‡Q wiKkv-Kjvwkí|...

XvKvi mvB‡Kj-wiKkvi msL¨v AvjøvB Rv‡bb|... Hkbvgf³ wfLvwiiv D‡V‡Q wRwKi _vwg‡q| I‡`i wKQy †`e †f‡e Uu¨v‡K nvZ ¸u‡RB eySjvg, AvwgI I‡`i gZb dwKi n‡qwQ| mü`q Dc‡`óv Afqgy`vª Gu‡K wbwj©ß my‡i ej‡jb, Ô†KvbI e¯‘ AcüZ n‡j ÔAvj nv°zÕ bvgUv D”PviY Ki‡eb, `yÕ‡kvwUevi, AvKv‡ki w`‡K ZvwK‡q... ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`k iv‡óªi Rbms¯‹w… Zi Aciƒc eY©bvi m‡½ im‡ev‡ai wg‡kj Ñ GK wfbœgvÎv w`‡q‡Q| †mB m‡½ Av‡Q fvi‡Zi m‡½ evsjv‡`‡ki Zzjbvg~jK PgrKvi ch©v‡jvPbv| †hgb ÔXvKvi KoPvÕi cÖ_g jvBbUvB D”Pv‡½i mvwn‡Z¨i ev¯Íe I K‡Vvi ev¯Íe wg‡jwg‡k GKvKvi n‡q †M‡Q| XvKvq huviv †M‡Qb ZuvivB GB imwP‡Îi mimZv Dcjwä Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| ÔmybxwZ gnjøvqÕ bvgK AmvaviY kãwP‡Îi iPbv Avgv‡`i gy» K‡i Ñ RvwKi wgTvi g‡Z, wn›`y¯v’ b, Kei¯’vb cÖfw… Z k㸇jv fzj : wjL‡Z nq wn›`y¯vÍ b (wn›`y †h‡nZz dvwm©) Avi Kei¯Ívb| Kei¯Ívb K_vUvI Aek¨ msKi kã : Zvi cÖ_gva© Aviwe, wØZxqva© dvwm©| Icvi evsjv‡`‡ki evsjv kã eyS‡Z †M‡j, ïay Aviwe bq, dviwm m¤^Üc`I †kLv cÖ‡qvRb| Aviwe-dviwm k‡ãi e¨env‡ii †hb imjxjv| GLv‡b ÔmybxwZi gnjøvqÕ bvgKi‡Yi g‡a¨ wZh©K nvm¨i‡mi g‡a¨I wbg©j cvwÐZ¨ i‡q‡Q| ÔbxwZÕ ej‡Z RvwKi wgTv ïay †ev‡Sb mybxwZ, A_©vr fvlvPvh© mybxwZKzgvi‡K| dv`vi `¨wZ‡qb ïay GKRb mymvwnwZ¨K bb, wZwb fvlvwe` Ñ eû

fvlvPP©v Zuvi g¾vq Ñ i‡³i g‡a¨| mybxwZKzgv‡ii m‡½ eÜzZ¡ Zuvi AUzU wQj| evsjv‡`‡ki gymwjg fze‡b gvÎ GK eQi †_‡K `¨wZ‡qb Kxfv‡e †mB wfbœ fze‡bi ms¯‹w… Z Zz‡j Avb‡jb! †mUv fve‡ZB Avðh© jv‡M| Wv‡qwii †Quov cvZvi wØZxq ce© †ivRbvgPv (1973) Avgv‡`i, cvVK‡`i, †mBfv‡e PwP©Z I cwVZ bq e‡jB fvlvfze‡bi imKjvi Av‡gR wb‡Z cvwiwb| 2014 wLªóv‡ã dv`vi `¨wZ‡qb‡K Avgš¿Y K‡i evsjv‡`k wKQyUv FYgy³ n‡jI, evsjv‡`‡ki wkwÿZ ga¨weË Zuvi †ivRbvgPv KRb c‡o‡Qb? evsjv‡`‡ki cvVK‡`i w`‡K AvOyj †Zvjvi Av‡M, cwðge‡½i wek¦we`¨vj‡qi fvlvi Aa¨vcKiv KRb Rv‡bb †ivRbvgPv bvgUv? Avm‡j cwÐZ im‡eËv `¨wZ‡q‡bi iPbvi cvVK GL‡bv ˆZwi n‡q‡Q wK? AvU‡cŠ‡i w`bcwÄ (2013)| cvVK †Lqvj Kiæb Ñ dv`vi `¨wZ‡q‡bi cÖ_g mvwnZ¨MÖš’ Ñ Wv‡qwii †Quov cvZv (1971), Avi †ivRbvgPv (1973)| GB wZbwU MÖ‡š’i g‡a¨ Z…Zxq MÖšw’ U AvU‡cŠ‡i w`bcwÄ (2013) cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q cÖvq 30 eQi ci| †Kb? dv`vi 1978 †_‡K 2006 ch©šÍ cÖvq 28 eQi ¯^‡`k †ejwRqv‡g wd‡i evsjv mvwnZ¨PP©v †Zv `~‡ii K_v, evsjv ejvi ch©šÍ my‡hvM cvbwb ev †bbwb| AvU‡cŠ‡i w`bcwÄ (2013) `xN© e¨eav‡b wjL‡jI GB wZbwU MÖš‡’ K Îqx ev wUªjwR ejv hvq| evsjv M`¨-mvwn‡Z¨i cÖ_g wUªjwR MÖ‡š’i bvg h_vµ‡g Ñ 1. Wv‡qwii †Quov cvZv (1971) 2. †ivRbvgPv (1973) I 3. AvU‡cŠ‡i w`bcwÄ (2013)| Avwg †mB †mŠfvM¨evb, evsjv M`¨ mvwn‡Z¨i bqv w`kvi K_v wjL‡Z cviwQ| dv`vi `¨wZ‡qb wb‡RB e‡j‡Qb Ñ ÔWv‡qwi ejyb, †ivRbvgPv ejyb, w`bcwÄ ejyb, Avgvi GB hveZxq ig¨Kvwnwb KíbvwgwkÖZ AvZ¥K_v, DËg-cyiæ‡l iwPZ|Õ †Kb ig¨Kvwnwb? KviY GLv‡b †QvUM‡íi g‡Zv NUbv Av‡Q, PwiÎ Av‡Q| †Kb AvZ¥K_v?

KviY GLv‡b †jLK DËg-cyiæ‡l wj‡L‡Qb wb‡Ri wKwÂZ K_v| nu¨v wbðqB GB wUªjwR‡Z Zuvi Rxebx cvIqv hv‡e bv| †Kb? G †Zv mvwnZ¨| hvi g‡a¨ wKQy Kíbv _vK‡e| ÔAvjsKvwiK cÖ‡qvR‡bÕ wjwLZ n‡q‡Q evsjv M‡`¨i bZzb fzeb| Avgvi g‡Z, GB M`¨ wUªjwR ïay ig¨Kvwnwb bq, Gi bvg ÔM‡elYvg~jK AvZ¥-ig¨ KvwnwbÕ| `¨wZ‡qb wLªó-mbœ¨vmx wn‡m‡e wb‡R‡K DËg-cyiæ‡l cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb Ñ wb‡Ri AvZ¥Z¨vMx RxebPh©v, hv evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ †Kb, wek¦mvwn‡Z¨ bqv w`M‡šÍi bZzb dmj| Zuvi ÔM‡elYvg~jK AvZ¥-ig¨ KvwnwbÕi cvVK n‡Z †M‡j, im MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡j, A‡bKUv c‡o Avm‡Z n‡e| A‡bKUv `y‡e©va¨ AvaywbK KweZv cv‡Vi g‡Zv| gvd Ki‡eb cvVK| AvwgI GL‡bv Zuvi me kã Avi ev‡K¨i e¨envi, meUv ey‡S DV‡Z cvwiwb| ZvB Avwg evievi GB M`¨ wUªjwR cvV Kivi Af¨vm KiwQ| `¨wZ‡qb-mvwn‡Z¨ †gŠwjKZv 1. Avey mqx` Avqy‡ei g‡Z, evsjvq AevOvwj‡`i g‡a¨ dv`vi `¨wZ‡qbB †miv †jLK| KviY Zuvi iPbvi ˆkjx I wel‡q AwfbeZ¡ Av‡Q| 2. dv`vi `¨wZ‡qb eûfvlvwe` n‡qI Zuvi iPbvq ¯^í k‡ãi e¨env‡i ms‡ÿ‡c evK¨ MVb K‡i‡Qb| Bs‡iwR kã cwinvi K‡i bZzb evsjv kã m„wó K‡i‡Qb| 3. Zuvi evsjv M`¨ ¯úó-mnR-mij-ü`qMÖvnx| KvP¯^”Q evsjv M`¨ wPÎ I wP‡Ëi g‡bvnvix msjvcI| 4. Zuvi iPbvq evsjv fvlvi aŸwbgvay‡h© ficyi| Zuvi evsjv M`¨Q‡›` my‡ii g~Qb© v Av‡Q| we‡klY e¨env‡i wbcyY `ÿZv I hwZwP‡ýi cÖ‡qvM m~²Zv gy» K‡i| 5. Abyev` M‡`¨ G‡b‡Qb Kvwe¨K e¨Äbv| m„Rbkxj M‡`¨ Aviwedviwm k‡ãi †Ljv Av‡Q| Zrmg-Z™¢e-†`wk I PwjZ k‡ãi mswgkÖ‡Y

mvejxj M`¨fw½ cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q| 6. AbymwÜrmy M‡elYv, hyw³ev`x gb‡b, ˆeÁvwbK `„wó‡Kv‡Y Zzjbvg~jK ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb| 7. ïay wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix bq, evOvwj bvixi A›`ign‡j I evOvwj ea~i AšÍi mvgªv‡R¨i wPÎ Gu‡K‡Qb| 8. Zuvi iPbvq AvL¨vbawg©Zv GKwU we‡kl ˆewkó¨; †hLv‡b †QvUM‡íi †gRvR Av‡Q| Pwi‡Î G‡m‡Q K‡Vvi-†KvgjZvi wmœ» cik| 9| Zuvi iPbv‰kjx‡Z Ñ `yAvbv divwm, `yAvbv evsjv Avi ev‡iv Avbv wbR¯^Zvi ivgabyi eY©”QUv, hv n‡q D‡V‡Q evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i bZzb wWm‡Kvm©| 10. dv`vi `¨wZ‡qb m„wó K‡i‡Qb Ñ evsjv M‡`¨i bb-wdKkb cÖ_g wUªjwR| 1. Wv‡qwii †Quov cvZv (1971), 2. †ivRbvgPv (1973) I 3.

AvU‡cŠ‡i w`bcwÄ (2013)| Ñ †Kb Avcwb fviZe‡l© G‡jb? * Avgvi Kv‡Q gvÎ `ywU ¯’v‡bi B”Qv cÖKv‡ki my‡hvM wQj; Avwd«Kv Avi KjKvZv! fviZe‡l© bq, Avwg e½‡`‡k G‡mwQ| Ñ †mB wcÖq e½‡`‡k 1949 †_‡K 1977 wLªóvã ch©šÍ 28 eQi evm K‡i Ñ 1978 wLªóv‡ã wd‡i †M‡jb, Av‡iv GK bZzb †`‡k| ¯’vqx bq, bq †Kv‡bv GK ¯’v‡b| Ab¨ †Kv‡bvLv‡b, Ab¨ †Kv_vI P‡j †h‡Z n‡e| wLªó-mbœ¨vmx wgkbvwi †h GK Pjgvb AwfhvÎx| AvcvZZ AvR 2016-Gi 14 GwcÖ‡j (1 ˆekvL, 1423) †ejwRqv‡gi eªv‡mj‡m| Kvj †Kv_vq hv‡eb, wZwb wb‡RB Rv‡bb bv| Rvb‡ZI Pvb bv wZwb| †hLv‡b hv‡eb, †mLv‡bB wb‡R‡K wbt¯^ K‡i w`‡q hv‡eb Ôfv‡jvevmvÕ| mnvqK MÖš’ * ev½vjv mvwn‡Z¨ BD‡ivcxq †jLK, mweZv P‡Ævcva¨vq, bqv cÖKvk, KjKvZv, 1972, cybgy`© Yª 1998| * Avgv‡`i Rxeb cwÎKv (1g el© †_‡K 25 el©) 1933-60, cÖfz whïi wMR©v, KjKvZv| * Wv‡qwii †Quov cvZv, dv`vi `¨wZ‡qb, MÖšv’ jq cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW, KjKvZv (m¤úv`bv : wbiÄb PµeZx©), mvj †bB| * †ivRbvgPv, dv`vi `¨wZ‡qb, MÖšv’ jq cÖv. wj., KjKvZv (m¤úv`bv : wbiÄb PµeZx©), cÖ_g cÖKvk 1991| * M`¨ ci¤úiv, dv`vi `¨wZ‡qb, MvOwPj, cÖ_g cÖKvk : Abb¨ cÖKvk, 1977, MvOwPj ms¯‹iY, 2010| * M`¨ msMÖn, dv`vi `¨wZ‡qb, Avb›`, cÖ_g ms¯‹iY, 2012, (f‚wgKv : mybxj M‡½vcva¨vq)| * BwZnvmgvjv (DBwjqvg †Kix-msKwjZ), dv`vi `¨wZ‡qbm¤úvw`Z, MvOwPj, cÖ_g cÖKvk, DBwjqvg †Kix 1812, wØZxq cÖKvk dv`vi `¨wZ‡qb 1972, MvOwPj ms¯‹iY Ryb, 2011| * AvU‡cŠ‡i w`bcwÄ, dv`vi `¨wZ‡qb, Avb›`, cÖ_g ms¯‹iY b‡f¤^i, 2013| * jvj‡c‡o Mívewj, dv`vi `¨wZ‡qb, †Mv‡_jm& jvB‡eªwi, †m›U †Rwfqvm© K‡jR, KjKvZv, 2015| * wLªóvbyKiY, Ugvm †Kw¤úm, dv`vi `¨wZ‡qb-Ab~w`Z, `vk¸ß A¨vÛ †Kvs, 1971| * Avqbv fvO‡Z fvO‡Z, wPb¥q ¸ni m‡½ K‡_vcK_b, dv`vi `¨wZ‡qb, c„ 28, MvOwPj, Rvbyqvwi, 2011| * e½¯^i cwÎKv (†µvocÎ 1, dv`vi `¨wZ‡qb), m¤úv`K P›`b †Nvl, lô el©, wØZxq msL¨v, kvi‡`vrme, 2016| * evB‡ej I evsjv mvwnZ¨, myiÄb wg‡Ï, iƒcmx evsjv, KjKvZv 2012| r

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Gfv‡eB †Pbv‡Z nq wb‡R‡K, wb‡Ri wkKom‡gZ| Svgv w`‡q N‡l N‡l cwikxwjZ nIqvi ga¨ w`‡q bq| Avwg †ngv½ wek¦vm‡K cÖ_g †`wL Ñ weqvbxevRv‡ii GKwU N‡i c‡o Av‡Qb| wUwe n‡q‡Q| Avgv‡K ej‡jb, †Zvgiv KZ KvR KiQ| Avgvi Rxe‡bi †Kv‡bv g~j¨ †bB| fxlY wegl© †`Lvw”Qj| Avwg †Zv ZLb Lye †f‡Uivb! ejjvg Ñ wK”Qy fve‡eb bv| Mvb wj‡L hvb, KweZv wj‡L hvb| IUvB n‡e Avgv‡`i nvwZqvi| Gfv‡eI †Zv Avcwb wecøe‡K Z¡ivwš^Z Ki‡Z cv‡ib! GLb Avgvi G-K_v¸‡jv c‡o Kv‡iv g‡b n‡Z cv‡i, Avgvi Dc‡`k ï‡bB eywS †ngv½ wek¦vm cieZx©Kv‡j †dgvm n‡qwQ‡jb| gv‡K †Vm w`‡q Avwg evOvj fvlvi mvdvB MvBwQ wVKB, cÖvq GK hyM nv‡U-gv‡V Ny‡iI wb‡R Zv iß Ki‡Z cvwiwb| nq‡Zv gb †_‡K PvBwb, wb‡Ri cwikxwjZ evsjvq KvR Pvjv‡bv hv‡”Q hLb! wKš‘ gwYcywi ev Anwgqv‡`i †ejvq IwU Pj‡e bv| I‡`i fvlv wkL‡ZB n‡e| Avwg RvbZvg Aí¯^í, KvR Pvjv‡bvi g‡Zv| evwKUv †b‡P-Kzu‡` cywl‡q wbZvg| Avwg Av‡MB e‡jwQ, Avwg wQjvg `yišÍ ¯^fv‡ei| GK RvqMvq `ywgwbUI w¯’i _vK‡Z cviZvg bv| evOvwj‡`i †Zv GUv Ki‡Z †bB, IUv Ki‡Z †bB, GUv AgyK, IUv ZgyK Ñ GK iv‡R¨i evavwb‡la| Avwg eo n‡qwQ Lvwm‡`i gv‡S| c‡i hLb `ywf©‡ÿi eQ‡i fvbywej I `yj©fQovq gwYcywi‡`i m‡½ KvR KiwQjvg, ZLb I‡`i wb‡Kv‡bv D‡Vv‡b jvdvZvg-SuvcvZvg| Avi dzK dzK K‡i ûuKv †LZvg| Iiv ejZ Ñ ÔZzB wVK AvwQm| nuvwogy‡Lv‡`i Muv‡q XzK‡Z †`L‡j SuvUv gvie|Õ gRvi e¨vcvi Ñ †QvU-eo me Rv‡Zi evOvwj wQj gwYcywi‡`i Kv‡Q A¯ú„k¨| †m jvj SvÐvi †jvK n‡jI ÿgv †bB| N‡i XzK‡Z w`Z bv| †L‡Z w`Z Avjv`v _vjvq| _vK‡Z w`Z emZevwU †_‡K `~‡i Av‡jv-evZvmnxb Qvciv N‡i| Zv‡Z eY©wn›`y Kg‡iWiv †Zv kKW| Avgv‡K e¨½ K‡i ej‡Zb Ñ Avcwb †Kvb Rv`ye‡j K‡é †c‡jb, Kg‡iW? hv ejwQjvg| Avwg Avi evev NvcwU †g‡i AvwQ `yRvqMvq| GKRb †RvonvU, Av‡iKRb gwYcyi| gv ZLb `v`v‡K LyuR‡Z †Póvi ÎæwU K‡ibwb| gv‡qi gb †Zv, c‡i wb‡R gv n‡q ey‡SwQ, Zuvi mnRvZ cÖe„wËB e‡j w`w”Qj Ñ †Q‡j P‡j †M‡Q Ggb RvqMvq, †hLv‡b †Nvi wec` Avmbœ| `v`v P‡j hvIqvi Av‡Mi iv‡Z, gv wj‡L‡Qb Ñ ï‡Z hvIqvi Av‡M wb‡iv G‡m ejj, Ôa‡iv Avwg †Kv_vI P‡j †Mjvg, †Zvgv‡`i KvQ †_‡K UvKvKwo wbjvg bv| Zvn‡jI wK †Zvgiv Avgvq cywj‡k †`‡e?Õ `v`vi K_v ï‡b gv‡qi †Zv Av‡°j¸o–g| e‡j Kx, wb‡Ri mšÍvb‡K †KD cywj‡k †`q, †m hZ Ab¨vqB KiæK! gy‡L ej‡jb, ÔKx Av‡evjZv‡evj eKwQm, evcy! ivZ n‡q‡Q Ñ ï‡Z hv| Kvj Avevi Avgv‡K mKvj mKvj D‡V gyiwMi my¨c evwb‡q wb‡q †h‡Z n‡e A¨vmvBjv‡g| Rvwbm †Zv, cëz`v h²v euvwa‡q ILv‡b fwZ© n‡q‡Qb!Õ ciw`b mKvj| GwcÖj gv‡mI e„wói g‡Zv Kzqvkv Si‡Q|

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Dby‡b Pv‡qi Rj Pvwc‡q gv `v`v‡K WvK‡Z †M‡jb| †Kv_vq `v`v Avi Zvi eÜz| I‡`i ev·-†ewWsI nvIqv n‡q †M‡Q| KjZjvq Lvwm `v‡ivqv‡bi eDwU evmb gvRwQj| I `v`v‡`i †e‡iv‡Z †`‡Lwb| ejj, Ii ¯^vgx †M‡Q †ik‡b †K‡ivwmb wKb‡Z, hy‡×i evRvi ZvB ivZ _vK‡ZB jvB‡b wM‡q `uvwo‡q‡Q| gv Pz‡jv wbwf‡q QyU‡jb wm‡jU †gvUi †÷kb| ILv‡b `v`vi bv‡g wmU eyK Kiv bvB| Zvici G-evwo, I-evwo Ñ gv‡qi †QvUvQywU| wkjs‡qi ZLbKvi A‡bK nZ©vKZ©v evev-gv‡qi †Pbv wQj| Zuv‡`i GKRb wm‡j‡U †dvb K‡i w`‡jb †ij‡÷k‡b bRi ivL‡Z| wKQy‡ZB wKQz n‡jv bv| gv‡qi wPwV co‡Z co‡Z fvewQjvg, wm‡jU †_‡K †Uªb a‡iwb hLb, Iiv wkjs †_‡K ev‡m †P‡c wkjPi, Zvici wnj †mKkb †ijc‡_ †M‡Q PÆMÖvg, hv‡Z I‡`i †KD ai‡Z bv cv‡i| Avgv‡`i g‡a¨ wPwV PvjvPvwj bv n‡jI eyS‡Z cviwQjvg Ñ `v`viv Aek¨B PÆMÖvg †M‡Q| ILvb †_‡K mgy`ªc‡_ †i½yb| Gi KviY nq‡Zv GjwMb †iv‡Wi evwo †_‡K myfvl emyi wb‡LuvR nIqvi `ywbqv-gvZv‡bv evZ©vwU, hv ZLbKvi Le‡ii KvM‡Ri cvZvq †ivRB bZzb bZzb ¸Rem‡gZ †f‡m DVZ| Zvi g‡a¨ 1941 mv‡ji 17 Rvbyqvwii †gvÿg ¸RewU n‡”Q Ñ myfvl ZvBmys bv‡gi GK Rvnv‡R K‡i KjKvZv †Q‡o‡Qb| †mB RvnvR †M‡Q †cbvs, wm½vcyi n‡q nsKs‡qi w`‡K| ¸RewU Qov‡bvi D‡Ïk¨ DËi-cwðg mxgvšÍ †_‡K weªwUk †Mv‡q›`v‡`i `„wó †div‡bv| Zv‡Z hrc‡ivbvw¯Í KvR nq| miKvievnv`yi ¸RewU Avg‡j wb‡q B÷vb© d«w›Uqvi ivB‡djm, myigv f¨vwj jvBUnm© ivB‡djm‡K mZK© K‡i c~e© mxgvšÍeZx© cÖwZwU NuvwUi Ici bRi ivL‡Z e‡j| †hb †Kv‡bvfv‡e myfvl eW©vi †c‡iv‡Z bv cv‡ib| †i½yb, †cbvs, wm½vcyi, nsKs e›`‡iI ZLb mZK©Zv Rvwi n‡jv Ñ cÖwZwU hvÎx‡K fv‡jvfv‡e Zjøvwk K‡iv, cvm‡cvU© bZzb K‡i †PK K‡iv| m‡›`n nIqv gvÎ †MÖdZvi| †mme Le‡ii m~Î a‡i `v`v †h ¸iæi c`v¼ AbymiY Ki‡e, Zv‡Z Avðh© Kx| Ii gymwjg eÜzwU †gŠbxevev †m‡R Lyu‡U Lyu‡U cwÎKv coZ wK ïay ïay! mwZ¨Kv‡i myfvl emyi Kveyj-g‡¯‹v n‡q evwj©b hvIqvi K_v ZLb †KD fve‡ZB cv‡iwb| Zvi KviY m¤¢eZ Rvbyqvwii †klv‡kwl IB A‡ji nvo-Kuvcv‡bv kxZ, eidv”Qvw`Z wn›`yKzk ce©Zgvjv| `yf©vM¨ `v`vi, Avi mßvnLv‡bK A‡cÿv Ki‡jB Rvb‡Z cviZ Ñ myfvl emyi AwfgyL cye bq wQj cwð‡g| †m-mgq weªwUk †Mv‡q›`v‡`i Rã Kiv GKwU wPwVi m~‡Î evRv‡i Lei i‡U Ñ myfvl AvdMvwb¯Ívb †_‡K Bivb-BivK-Zzi¯‹ n‡q Rvg©vwbi w`‡K hv‡”Qb| †mBg‡Zv ayiÜi kÎæwU‡K wba‡bi Rb¨ weª‡U‡bi †¯úkvj Acv‡ikbm Gw·wKDwUf (GmIB) Zv‡`i B¯Ív¤^yj cÖwZwbwai Ici gvP© AW©viI Rvwi K‡i| GB Aa©mZ¨ LeiwU gvÎ KUv w`b Av‡M cÖPvi n‡j, gv‡qi mvivRxe‡bi Avd‡mvm Ñ Zvi eyK wPiZ‡i Lvwj n‡Zv bv| †KD hv fve‡Z cv‡iwb, myfvl emy mwZ¨Kv‡i †mB KwVb, `yM©g wMwic_ †e‡Q wb‡qwQ‡jb| ïay K_vq bq, Kv‡RI RvbevR| ZvB Av`‡k©i Awgj m‡Ë¡I gvbylUv‡K Avwg kÖ×vB KiZvg| GL‡bv Kwi| gv‡P©i †klv‡kwl Zzlvi aej wn›`y‡Kvk ce©Zgvjv †cwi‡q A·vm b`xi Kv‡Qi AvdMvb mxgvšÍ| Zvici ga¨ Gwkqvi wZ‡jvËgv bMix mgiL›` †_‡K †Uª‡b †P‡c †mvwf‡qZ ivRavbx g‡¯‹v| Zuvi GB c_cwiµgv c‡i RvbvRvwb n‡j, Avwg K¨v‡jÛvi wgwj‡q †`‡LwQ Ñ `v`viv hLb wkjs‡qi evwo †_‡K cvjvq, ZLb myfvl emy g‡¯‹v †_‡K AvKvkc‡_ evwj©b| ZZw`‡b hy‡×i Av¸b Qwo‡q c‡o‡Q BD‡ivc †_‡K DËi Avwd«Kv, ga¨cÖv‡P¨i emiv, wmwiqv ch©šÍ| †hgb ¸iæ †Zgb Zuvi wkl¨| `v`viv PÆMÖvg †_‡K †i½yb

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wM‡qwQj Rvnv‡Ri mv‡is †m‡R| m‡½ gvÎ `kwU UvKv| Gme K_v hLb †i½yb †_‡K wj‡L Rvbvq `v`v, Avwg ZLb wkjs| Mv‡q cuvPov, cv‡q †dvmKv wb‡q wekªvg wbw”Q| wbgcvZv-KuvPv njy`evUv Mv‡q †g‡L N‡ii mvg‡bi †iv‡` cv †g‡j e‡m _vKZvg mviv `ycyi| evMvbUv AvMvQvq f‡i wM‡qwQj| `v`vi wPwV Avmvi ciw`b gvjx‡K wb‡q evMv‡bi cwiPh©vq †b‡g co‡jb gv| cv‡q MvgeyU| ci‡b gwYcywi dv‡bK-Pv`i| wc‡V j¤^v webywb| miæ AvOz‡j KuvwP a‡i KPKP K‡i Mv‡Qi †QvU †QvU giv Wvj QuvU‡Qb| GBPGgwfi MÖv‡gv‡dv‡b evR‡Q iex›`ªmsMxZ Ñ ÔRxeb hLb ïKv‡q hvq KiæYv avivq G‡mv|Õ gv‡K GZ myLx Avi KL‡bv †`wLwb|

¯^‡cœ mvqgv LvZz‡bi Avwef©ve

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