Kali o kalam october 2017 by Bengal Foundation

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kÖ×v Ávcb Kiv nq| wØ‡Rb kg©vi Rb¥ 1929 mv‡ji 29 †g †gŠjfxevRvi †Rjvi eo‡jLv _vbvi wkgywjqv MÖv‡g| cv_vwiqv cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q cov‡kvbv I cv_vwiqv cvnv‡oi Aciƒc ˆbmwM©K cwi‡e‡k †e‡o IVv, hvi Mfxi Qvc Zuvi g‡b AvRxeb i‡q †M‡Q| 1947 mv‡j KwigMÄ we`¨vjq †_‡K g¨vwUªK Ges 1951 mv‡j wÎcyiv K‡jR †_‡K D”P gva¨wgK cvk K‡ib| KjKvZv wmwU K‡jR †_‡K 1954 mv‡j RxeweÁv‡b mœvZK wWwMÖ jvf K‡ib| 1958 mv‡j †hvM †`b ewikv‡ji eªR‡gvnb K‡j‡R Dw™¢`weÁv‡bi cÖwkÿK wn‡m‡e| IB 1958 mv‡jB wZwb XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K Dw™¢`weÁv‡b GgGmwm cvk K‡ib| 1960 mv‡j we‡q K‡ib| 1962 mv‡j eªR‡gvnb K‡j‡R wkÿK _vKvKv‡j ZrKvjxb RvZxq wkÿv Av‡›`vj‡b mwµq AskMÖn‡Yi Rb¨ †MÖdZvi nb Ges wZb gv‡mi Rb¨ Kvivev‡m _v‡Kb| 1964 mv‡j XvKvi bUi †Wg K‡j‡R †hvM †`b Ges 1974 mvj ch©šÍ †mLv‡b wkÿKZv

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wgVvBUv †Zvgv‡ì Ñ A_ev Zv‡ì Ñ Avgv‡ì Z‡i ïay dzUcv‡_ †nu‡U-†nu‡U wkm! [Ôcy‡iv‡bv eBÕGi †`vKv‡b AvwgÕ, Rxebvb›` `v‡ki `xN© KweZv] Rxebvb›` ¯^xKvi K‡i‡Qb †h, Ô†kvwlZ gvbeRxe‡bi, †mB Rxe‡bvrmvwiZ wecø‡ei I †mB wecø‡ei †kl Avkv-fimvi mgvR m„wóiÕ evYx wb‡q KweZv †jLv †h‡Z cv‡i; wKš‘ wZwb wek¦vm K‡i‡Qb gvby‡li ÔRxeb c×wZ †h †Kv‡bv mgvR I mgevq c×wZi †P‡q eoÕ Ñ ZvB gvbeRxeb‡K †K›`ª K‡iB Zvi KweZvKíbv AvewZ©Z n‡q‡Q| Zuvi KweZv Ô¯^M© I AvNvZÕ Ges G `y‡qi Ô¯^vfvweKZv I ¯^vfvweK fxlYZvÕ me©gvbexqfv‡e cwiùzU K‡i †Zvjvi cÖqvm †c‡q‡Q| ÔRxe‡bi wbf…Z Kzn‡KÕi mÜvb Kwe‡ìB Rvbv, mÜ¨vq Kv‡Ki g‡Zv AvKv•ÿv wb‡q KweivB N‡i †d‡ib, c„w_exi mKj AvwejZv, †jvf Avi hš¿Yv AMÖvn¨ K‡i KweivB eyS‡Z mg_© : ...c_ NvU gv‡Vi wfZi Av‡iv GK Av‡jv Av‡Q; †`‡n Zvi weKvj‡ejvi a~miZv; †Pv‡Li-†`Lvi nvZ †Q‡o w`‡q †mB Av‡jv n‡q Av‡Q w¯’i; c„w_exi K¼veZx †f‡m wM‡q †mBLv‡b cvq gøvb a~‡ci kixi; (Ôg„Zzï Av‡MÕ, a~mi cvÐzwjwc) mgvR, ivóª, cÖPviYvi Zver SÅv‡Ui †MvjKauvav †f` K‡i gvby‡li bxie A_P g~j Av‡eMvbyfe Avwe®‹vi Kiv GKgvÎ Kwe‡ì c‡¶B m¤¢e wQj| mgvRev¯ÍeZvi mwVK cvVK…wZi gva¨‡g Av‡eM, eyw× I hyw³kxjZvi Dchy³ mvgÄm¨ weavb m¤¢e wQj Zv‡ìB c‡¶| wVK; Ñ wKš‘ Rxebvb›` †`‡L‡Qb GKUz †hb †ewk, ey‡S‡Qb GKUz †hb †ewk Ges Zuvi GB Dcjwä cvV‡Ki m‡½ wbQK fvM K‡i wb‡Z †P‡q‡Qb, LvwbKUv D‡Ïk¨wenxbfv‡eB| AZGe Rxebvb›` wjL‡Z †c‡i‡Qb AkÖæZc~e© K_KZv : wePviK D”Pvmb †_‡K †b‡g Ñ ciPzjv Ly‡j †d‡j Ñ Zvi ci hvq nq‡Zv wb‡Ri N‡i Ñ wKsev †KvbI MwYKvi EaŸ© AvLovq gv_vi Puvw`‡Z Zvi GKUvI Pzj bvB Ñ ZvB Pz‡gv w`‡Z †M‡j Zey FRy MwYKvi Mjvq †Kgb Kd AvUKv‡q hvq evi-evi K¬všÍ n‡q K_v †f‡e †`‡L †bKUvB (ÔiæwU-we‡µZvi N‡i R‡b¥‡Q †hÕ, m~h©-Am~h©‡jvK)

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hy‡MÕ| K‡jøvj mvwnZ¨-cwÎKv cÖKvwkZ nq 1923 wLªóv‡ã| Gi wKQy Av‡M, 1922-G, ewikv‡ji gvbyl Rxebvb›` KjKvZvi wmwU K‡j‡R wUDU‡ii PvKwi wb‡q evsjv mvwnZ¨ PP©vi †K›`ª¯’‡j P‡j G‡m‡Qb| 1925-26-G Rxebvb›` bvbv cÎ-cwÎKvq KweZv Qvc‡Z ïiæ K‡i‡Qb| cÖ_g †_‡KB Zuvi KweZvi ¯^vZš¿¨ we`» cvV‡Ki g‡bv‡hvM †U‡b wb‡qwQj| K‡jøvj cwÎKvi dvêyb 1332 msL¨vq Rxebvb‡›ì ÔbxwjgvÕ cv‡Vi AwfÁZv ej‡Z wM‡q AwPšÍ¨Kzgvi †mb wj‡L‡Qb, ÔnVvr K‡jøvj-G GKwU KweZv G‡m coj Ñ ÔbxwjgvÕ| wVK GKUzK‡iv bxj AvKv‡ki mvi‡jï g‡Zv...|Õ ey×‡è emy wj‡L‡Qb, ÔwKQyKvj c~‡e© Rxebvb›` `vk¸ß ¯^v¶wiZ ÔbxwjgvÕ bv‡g GKwU KweZv K‡jøv‡j Avgiv j¶¨ K‡iwQjvg; KweZvwU‡Z Ggb GKwU myi wQj hvi Rb¨ †jL‡Ki bvg fyj‡Z cvwiwb|Õ AvaywbK Bs‡iwR mvwn‡Zï wbweó cvVK Rxebvb›` `vk Aivexw›`ªK PivP‡ii Rb¨ ˆZwi n‡qB wQ‡jb| K‡jøvjxq‡ì g‡a¨B mZx_©‡ì mv¶vr †c‡qwQ‡jb Rxebvb›`| K‡jøv‡ji QÎQvqvq bv-n‡jI ZiæY Rxebvb‡›ì cwiPh©v n‡qwQj K‡jøv‡jiB Ave‡n; Z‡e AbwZwej‡¤^ wZwb mZx_©‡ì †_‡K c„_K n‡Z ïiæ Ki‡jb| µgvš^‡q GB cv_©‡Kï `~iZ¡ †e‡o‡Q| e¯‘Z mZx_©‡ì †Q‡o Rxebvb›` µgk Zuvi wbR¯^ c‡_ `~‡i m‡i †M‡Qb| cÖKiY, †KŠkj, welqe¯‘ Avi Av‡e`b mew`‡KB wZwb n‡q‡Qb c„_Kvbœ| ey×‡è emy †h-eQi wj‡L‡Qb : ... iƒcvwj Rj ï‡q-ï‡q ¯^cœ †`L‡Q, mg¯Í AvKvk bx‡ji †mªv‡Z S‡iÕ co‡Q Zvi ey‡Ki Dci m~‡h©ï Pz¤^‡b| Ñ GLv‡b R¡‡jÕ DV‡e Aciƒc B›`ªaby †Zvgvi Avi Avgvi i‡³i mgy`ª‡K wN‡i KL‡bv wK †f‡ewQ‡j? Kvj wPévq †bŠ‡Kvq †h‡Z-†h‡Z Avgiv †`‡LwQjvg `y‡Uv cÖRvcwZ KZ `~i †_‡K D‡o Avm‡Q R‡ji Dci w`‡q| Ñ Kx `ytmvnm! Zzwg †n‡mwQ‡j, Avi Avgvi Kx fv‡jv †j‡MwQj| [ÔwPévq mKvjÕ, KweZv, 1g el©, Avwk¦b, 1342] ZviæY¨myjf G †nb mij Av‡e‡Mi mijZi cÖKv‡ki cÖwZc„‡ô GKB mg‡q Rxebvb›` `vk wj‡LwQ‡jb : ... mg¯Í w`‡bi †k‡l wkwk‡ii k‡ãi gZb mÜ¨v Av‡m; Wvbvi †iŠ‡`ªi MÜ gy‡Q †d‡j wPj; c„w_exi me is wb‡f †M‡j cvÐzzwjwc K‡i Av‡qvRb

ZLb M‡íi Z‡i †RvbvKxi i‡O wSjwgj; me cvLx N‡i Av‡m Ñ me b`x Ñ dzivq G Rxe‡bi me †jb‡`b; _v‡K ïay AÜKvi, gy‡LvgywL ewmevi ebjZv †mb| (ÔebjZv †mbÕ, KweZv, 1g el©, †cŠl, 1342) Rxebvb‡›ì A‡bK¸‡jv cÖKiYMZ Kwe‰ewkó¨ G-KweZv‡Z dz‡U D‡V‡Q Ñ kãPq‡bi êwPÎ¨, Dcgvi J¾¡j¨ Avi Q‡›`vwÌZ msMxZgqZv Awfbe I ZzjbviwnZ| DfqB †cÖ‡gi KweZv wKš‘ ¯úóZ Rxebvb‡›ì ÔebjZv †mbÕ hv‡K e‡j AšÍwb©wnZ D‡Ï‡kï kvmb †_‡K gy³; Av‡e‡Mi R¡jR¡‡j cvo Ly‡j wb‡q Rxebvb›` †Kej my›`‡ii Qwe Gu‡K‡Qb hvi ga¨ w`‡q Zuvi Afxó D‡Ïk¨ mv_©K n‡q‡Q, †Kbbv †mŠ›`h©B †cÖ‡gi me‡P‡q cÖavb DÏxcK, wk‡íi cÖavb Aviva¨| Av‡iv j¶Yxq, Rxebvb›` Zuvi KweZvq GK gvqvex‡jvK ˆZwi K‡i‡Qb BwZnvm Avi wbm‡M©i bvbv ¯Íi Quy‡q| Ab¨w`‡K ey×‡`‡ei iPbv Kvh©Z Av‡eMevnx k‡ãi hyw³kxj web¨vm gvÎ| Zuvi kãvewj Kíbvi Rv`y¯ú‡k© cÖfvgq n‡q D‡V‡Q G-K_v ejv P‡j bv| GgZ gšÍe¨ myax›`ªbv_ `‡Ëi †¶‡ÎI cÖ‡hvR¨| myax›`ªbv_ `Ë hLb wjL‡Qb : Db¥y³ AvKv‡k ïwb PgrK…Z wP‡ji PxrKvi; w`MšÍ we¯Í…Z gv‡V †W‡K I‡V wkKvix bKzj, ¸ß QÎv‡Ki dz‡j mgv”Qbœ †kvwlZ eKzj; D`MÖxe WvûK Rv‡M †_‡K †_‡K mZK© PxrKvi| Acg„Z fMevb; A¯ÍvP‡j i³v³ A½vi; AivRK PivP‡i cÖZœ cÖwZwnsmvi cÖZzj; AwZ‰è weeË©‡b gbyl¨B †h‡nZz AZzj, ZvB †m AvZ¥nv AvR, Zvi a¤§© AvZ¥xqmsnvi| ... KóKíbv I †RvicÖweó Q›`vbycÖv‡mi K…wÎgZvi cvkvcvwk, cÖvq GKB mgq, Rxebvb›` `vk Avgv‡ì ˆ`bw›`b AvU‡cŠ‡i fvlv †_‡K kãvewj †e‡Q wb‡q Abvqv‡m wjL‡Qb : nvBWª¨v›U Ly‡j w`‡q Kzô‡ivMx †P‡U †bq Rj; A_ev †m nvBWª¨v›U nq‡Zv ev wM‡qwQj †du‡m| GLb `ycyi iv‡Z bMix‡Z `j †eu‡a bv‡g| GKUv †gvUiKvi Mvo‡ji gZ †Mj †K‡k Aw¯’i †cUªj †S‡o; Ñ mZZ mZK© †_‡K Zey †KD †hb fqvenfv‡e c‡o †M‡Q R‡j| wZbwU wiK&kv Qy‡U wg‡k †Mj †kl M¨vm j¨v‡¤ú gvqvexi g‡Zv Rv`ye‡j|... Lye wek` K‡i †`wL‡q †Ìqvi cÖ‡qvRb †bB †h, myax›`ªbv_ `Ë †_‡K A‡bK `~‡i wfbœ GK w`MšÍ‡iLvq AMÖmi n‡qwQ‡jb Rxebvb›`| KweZvi welqe¯‘, KvVv‡gv, kãPqb Ñ myaxb `‡Ëi mewKQy‡ZB GKwU Avw`g MÜ †j‡M _vKj| ÔPgrK…Z wP‡ji PxrKviÕ A_ev ÔcÖZœ cÖwZwnsmvi cÖZzjÕ BZ¨vw` cÖvPxb ixwZi Av`¨vbycÖvm m„wói †gvn hLb myaxb `Ë‡K AuvK‡o Av‡Q, ZLb Rxebvb›` †hb LvwbKUv Ab¨g‡b k‡ãi wewPÎ web¨v‡m M‡o Zzj‡jb, UvUKv A_P, Rni‡mb gRyg`v‡ii fvlvq, ÔAweb¨¯Í ev wX‡jXvjvÕ †mŠ›`h©| me‡P‡q `ªóe¨ GB †h, Rxebvb›` KweZvi g‡a¨ GKwU avivevwnK my¯úó evYxµg ˆZwii HwZn¨ D‡c¶v Ki‡jb; KweZvq MívKv‡i A_©‡evaKZv ˆZwii `vwe AMÖvn¨ K‡i wZwb wbg©vY Ki‡jb Avw½K (organic) KvVv‡gvi gvbyl ev Dw™¢‡ì A½ms¯’v‡bi g‡Zv Ñ cÖwZwU A½ wbR¸‡Y Avi D‡Ï‡k¨ m¤ú~Y© hwÌ mewgwj‡q c~Y©veqe gvbylB D¾¡jZi| wbmM©, mgmvgwqK cÖwZ‡ek, BwZnvm Avi cyivY †_‡K M„nxZ wPÎvewj Rxebvb‡›ì m~² Dcjwäi HK¨m~‡Î Muv_v coj| g~jZ

Rxebvb‡›ì KwemËv Zuvi AZj¯úkx© †evakw³i Kv‡Q FYx, †Kbbv GB †evakw³i †Rv‡iB Rxebvb›` mKj †gwK Abyf‡ei AveiY †V‡j gnvKvj I BwZnv‡mi wbwi‡L wesk kZKx AvaywbK gvby‡li g„wËKvjMœ, BwZnvm-mgw_©Z g~j †PZbvwU Avwe®‹vi Ki‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb| d‡j Avgiv †`wL Awgq PµeZx© hLb Ôe„wóÕ KweZvq wjL‡Qb Ñ †Ku‡Ì cv‡e bv Zv‡K el©vi ARmª Rjav‡i| dvêyb we‡K‡j e„wó bv‡g| kn‡ii `ªæZ AÜKvi| jyUv‡q cv_‡i Rj, nvIqv ZgwLbx; AvKv‡k we`y¨r R¡jv el©v Rv‡b B›`ª‡gN; Kv‡jv w`b¸wji iv¯Ívq| †Ku‡Ì cv‡e bv Zv‡K ARmª el©vi Rjav‡i| †mLv‡b, cÖvq GKB mg‡q, Rxebvb›` wjLwQ‡jb : †m GK wew”Qbœ w`‡b Avgv‡ì Rb¥ n‡qwQj Z‡ZvwaK Amy¯’ mg‡q Avgv‡ì g„Zz¨ n‡q hvq| `~‡i Kv‡Q kv`v DuPz †`qv‡ji Qvqv †`‡L f‡q g‡b KÕ‡i †MwQ Zv‡K Ñ fv‡jvfv‡e g‡b K‡i wb‡j Ñ GBLv‡b fvj n‡Z †e`bvi ïiæ Ñ A_ev Áv‡bi †_‡K QywU wb‡q mvšÍ¡bvi wng n«‡` GKvKx jyKv‡j wbR©b ùwUK¯Í¤¢ Ly‡j †d‡j gvby‡li Awff‚Z Eiæ †f‡O hv‡e †Kv‡bv GK ig¨ †hv×v G‡m|... e¯‘Z Rxebvb‡›ì AvaywbKZv †Kej Zuvi cÖKiY Avi KvVv‡gvi AvaywbKZv bq, Rxebvb‡›ì AvaywbKZv Zuvi AvaywbK `vk©wbK mËvi AwfÁvb| wZwb wek kZ‡Ki d«‡qW-D‡b¥vwPZ gvby‡li m‡PZbZvq mg„×; Zuvi ms‡e`bkxjZv Zxeª-Mfxi| d‡j Rxebvb›` †cuŠ‡Q †M‡Qb †mB †ev‡a hv mnRjf¨ bq| GB †ev‡ai m‡½ Rxebvb‡›ì KíbvcÖwZfvi mv_©K mw¤§jb NUv‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb, d‡j Zuvi evYx GKB m‡½ wPÎgqZvq, msMx‡Z, A_©MfxiZvq, Bw½‡Z F× n‡q D”P Kve¨g~j¨ AR©b K‡i‡Q| Rxebvb‡›ì KweZv Abyave‡bi Av‡MB g‡bvÁ n‡q D‡V‡Q, Ab¨w`‡K Abyaveb †`q Ggb Mfxi gvbexq Dcjwä hv wesk kZvãxi AvaywbK, m‡PZb gvby‡li Rb¨ Awbevh©| d‡j Rxebvb›` †mB Kwe n‡q D‡V‡Qb Ñ Zuvi wb‡RiB fvlvq Ñ Ôhvi ü`‡q Kíbvi Ges Kíbvi wf‡Zi wPšÍv I AwfÁZvi ¯^Zš¿ mvieËv i‡q‡Q...Õ| Zuvi KweZvi fzeb Avðh© wPšÍv I Dcjwä‡Z F× : Avwm‡Z‡Q Ñ Avwm‡Z‡Q Ñ AviI †Xi gvbwPÎ Ñ Nwo Ñ K¤úvm mviv-ivZ wg‡V Nv‡m Ñ evi‡Kv‡k Ñ wKsev MwYKvi mv‡_ hviv K‡i mnevm Zvnv‡ìI ü`‡q MwYZ GK w`b †R‡M D‡V Zvnv‡ì AvMv‡Mvov Rxe‡bi †b‡e cwiPq (Zvnviv ewj‡Q †Ku‡`) : †`qv‡ji NwoUv‡i GLywb-†h cÖwZf‚Z gZ g‡b nq †KvbI wKQy n‡e eÕ‡j mviv-ivZ mwn‡Z‡Q Kx fxlY kxZ!

Pvi

ey×‡è emy KweZv cwÎKvi GKwU cÖeÜ msL¨vi (1345, êkvL) cwiKíbv K‡iwQ‡jb g~jZ Kwe‡ì M`¨ cÖKv‡ki D‡Ïk¨ wb‡q| GiB m~‡Î Rxebvb›` Zuvi cÖ_g ¸iæZ¡c~Y© cÖeÜwU wj‡LwQ‡jb hvi

bvg ÔKweZvi K_vÕ| G-cÖe‡Üi ïiæ GBfv‡e : mK‡jB Kwe bq| †KD †KD Kwe; Kwe Ñ †Kbbv Zv‡ì ü`‡q Kíbvi Ges Kíbvi wfZ‡i wPšÍv I AwfÁZvi mvieËv i‡q‡Q Ges Zv‡ì cðv‡Z A‡bK weMZ kZvãx aÕ‡i Ges Zv‡ì m‡½ m‡½ AvaywbK RM‡Zi be be Kve¨weKxiY Zv‡ì mvnvh¨ K‡i‡Q| wKš‘ mKj‡K mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i bv; hv‡ì ü`‡q Kíbv I Kíbvi wfZ‡i AwfÁZv I wPšÍvi mvieËv i‡q‡Q ZvivB mvnvh¨cÖvß nq; bvbviKg PivP‡ii m¤ú‡K© G‡m Zviv KweZv m„wó Kievi Aemi cvq| RwUj fvlvq myMfxi e³e¨ wb‡q cÖ_g †_‡KB cÖeÜ‡jLK Rxebvb›` ¯^Zš¿ n‡q †M‡Qb| Gici cig wek¦v‡m †ek K‡qKwU cÖeÜ-wbe‡Ü wZwb mr I wk‡ívËxY© KweZvi kZ©vewj wbiƒcY K‡i‡Qb; wbY©q K‡i‡Qb AvaywbKZvi mwVK cwiPq Ges KL‡bv KL‡bv mgmvgwqK KweZvi g~j¨gvb wbY©q K‡i‡Qb| KweZvwelqK cÖeÜ¸‡jv‡Z Rxebvb‡›ì KweZvwelqK a¨vb-aviYv cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q wb‡iU cwim‡i| mgmvgwqKKv‡j BD‡ivcxq auv‡P evsjv KweZvq †h-AvaywbKZvi cÖeZ©b nq, †m-m¤ú‡K© Rxebvb‡›ì ch©‡e¶Y LyeB j¶¨‡f`x| KweZvwelqK wPšÍvq Rxebvb‡›ì `„wófw½ Awfbe ej‡j AZz¨w³ n‡e bv| hyM hyM a‡i KweZvwelqK weZ‡K©i †K›`ª n‡jv : KweZv Kx, Kx ¸‡Y GKwU iPbv KweZv n‡q DV‡Z cv‡i| Zrcwie‡Z© Rxebvb›` me©v‡MÖ Kwei msÁv_© wbiƒcY KivB wk‡ivavh© KiwQ‡jb, wZwb me©cÖ_‡gB wjL‡jb : ÔmK‡jB Kwe bq| †KD †KD Kwe...|Õ †K Kwe? Rxebvb›` Rvbv‡jb, Kwei ü`‡q _vK‡e Kíbv; †m-Kíbvi †fZ‡i _vK‡e wPšÍv I AwfÁZvi ¯^Zš¿ mvieËv| AwaKš‘, Rxebvb‡›ì g‡Z, GKRb Kwei cðvrc‡U wµqvkxj _v‡K HwZnvwmK I mgmvgwqK Kwe‡ì wewfbœ Kve¨cÖqvm| G-Kvi‡Y, hvi ü`‡q Kíbvi cÖwZfv †bB Ñ Avi Kíbv hwÌev _v‡K, hw` bv-_v‡K wPšÍv I AwfÁZvi ¯^vZwš¿K wbh©vm Ñ Z‡e Rxebvb›` Zuv‡K, n‡Z cv‡ib wZwb eûjcÖR GgbwK L¨vwZgvb KweZv‡jLK, ÔKweÕ ej‡Z cÖ¯‘Z bb| Kíbvi cÖwZfv Kx Zv ¯úó K‡ibwb Rxebvb›`| Bgvby‡qj Kv‡›Ui (1724-1804) mgq †_‡KB wkím„wó‡Z imagination ev Kíbvi Ici ¸iæZ¡v‡ivc Kiv n‡q‡Q| Kv›U †hgb Bw½Z K‡i‡Qb, Kíbvi cÖwZfv n‡jv Ñ hv `„k¨gvb bq Zv cÖZ¨ÿ Kievi Ñ Ges GKRb wkíxi Rb¨ Ñ wPÎvq‡bi ÿgZv; Kwei Rb¨ Ô†evaÕ m„wói; Zv n‡Z cv‡i ¯§„wZmÄvZ ev AwfÁZvcÖm~Z Ñ GgbwK n‡Z cv‡i, Av‡jKRvÛvi egMv‡U©‡bi (1714-1762) fv‡l¨ Af‚Zc~e©, A_©vr Ab`„ó, hv Ñ GgbI n‡Z cv‡i Ñ †Kej KweZvi ga¨ w`‡qB Dcjä n‡e| ¯^xq AwfÁZvi Mnb †_‡KB D‡V Av‡m Kíbvjä †eva; Ñ Kwe Zv‡K aviY K‡ib kãcy‡Äi KvVv‡gv‡Z| cÖwZfv Kx Zvi e¨vL¨v w`‡Z wM‡q Avgv‡ì AMÖR cj MvBqvi (Rb¥ 1948) hv e‡j‡Qb Zvi †`vnvB †Ìqv hvq : the genius is praised for his or her capacity for invention and originality, as well as for the capacity for communication Ñ G-e¨vL¨vq Rxebvb‡›ì AvcwË _vKevi K_v bq| eis Rxebvb‡›ì fvl¨ e¨vL¨v K‡i ejv †h‡Z cv‡i, Kwe wZwb whwb Abycjä AwfÁZvi Rb¥ w`‡Z cv‡ib Ges cvVK‡K wb‡q †h‡Z cv‡ib GB Abycjä AwfÁZvi ga¨ w`‡q|

Kv‡kg-Gi K_v ej‡Z wM‡q Rxebvb›` hLb †j‡Lb : Kv‡kg †h‡Z‡Q PÕ‡j `yÕ‡Uv gwnlÕGi wc‡Q Ñ K‡qKUv †Mviæ BZ¯ÍZ Zvnvi Mv‡qi NªvY Ñ FZz-cwieZ©‡bi w`‡b cv‡qi wkivi wb‡P g„wËKvi gZ †m-I FZz Ñ K‡qKwU Mvfx BZ¯ÍZ FZz Zviv; Ñ Zvnv‡ì †iv‡g †b‡g Kzqvkvi igYxiv Ñ Mvwn‡Z‡Q cvqivÕi gZ K‡É Mvb hwÌ Zvivi w`‡K ey‡bvnuvm wb‡Z †M‡Q Kzw¤¢jK-e„wËi m¤§vb evejvÕi jvwV Zey Ñ LBÕGi gZb wng a~mi gywM© Ñ evwjnuvm Kv‡kgÕGi mv‡_-mv‡_ Pwj‡Z‡Q Ñ hwÌ A‡bK iv‡Z gv_vi Dc‡i †f‡O cwo‡e AvKvk ZLb cvVK GK Avðh© Pjw”P‡Îi gy‡LvgywL n‡q c‡o : GK Af‚Zc~e© Pjw”PÎ hvi Kvwnwb AwPšÍ¨m¤¢e A_P †gvnbxq| Kwei KvR KweZv m„wó Kiv; wKš‘ GKRb Kwe B‡”Q Ki‡jB KweZv wj‡L DV‡Z cv‡ib bv †Kbbv KweZv ÔwPšÍvi e¨vqvgÕ gvÎ bq| e¯‘Z KweZvi Rb¥inm¨ eY©bvZxZ GKwU NUbv| GgZ m¤¢e bq †h-†Kv‡bv Kwe e‡j DV‡eb, AvR Avwg GKwU KweZv wjLe Ges Zuvi B‡”Q †_‡K Rb¥ n‡e KweZvi| KweZvi R‡b¥i †gŠwjK kZ© †Zv GB †h, cÖ_gZ. Kwei g‡b we‡kl GKwU fvebv ev wPšÍvi ¯^q¤¢~ ù‚iY| A‡bK KweB AewnZ K‡i‡Qb : cÖ_gZ. GKwU cO&w³ nVvr K‡i Rb¥ †bq, Zvi †_‡KB KweZvi we¯Ívi| Rxebvb‡›ì fv‡l¨ : KweZv †Kv‡bv GK we‡kl gyn~‡Z© Kweg‡bi mZZvcÖm~Z AwfÁZv I KíbvcÖwZfvi ˆè mšÍvb| KweZvi cÖwµqvMZ msÁv‡_© Ôˆè mšÍvbÕ K_vwU Awbevh©| `„k¨Z KweZv gvby‡li AwaMg¨ kãmgwói web¨vm gvÎ, Kvh©Z we¯§q I Mfxi †mŠ›`‡h©i Drm| KweZv kãvewji mgwó n‡jI gvby‡li Abyf‚wZ‡Z m„wó K‡i we‡kl GKUv im, mÂvwiZ K‡i we‡kl GKwU Av‡eM hv gvby‡li Dcjwä‡Z RvwM‡q Zzj‡Z cv‡i we‡kl Z…wß‡eva, we¯§q Ges Awbe©Pbxq Avb‡›`v”QjZv| wKš‘ KweZv mK‡ji R‡b¨ bq, A‡b‡Ki R‡bÏ bq| KweZv †Kej KweZv‡ev×v‡ì Rb¨; Rxebvb›` wbtmsk‡q g‡b K‡ib †kÖô KweZv n‡jB Zv MYgvby‡li Kv‡Q wcÖqfvRb n‡q DV‡e Zv bq| Gwi‡÷‡dwb‡mi bvU‡K Bw¯‹jv‡mi cÖkœ wQj : What are the principal merits entitling a poet to praise and renown? BDwiwcw`‡mi DËi wQj : The improvement of morals, the progress of mind,/ When a poet, by skill and invention/ Can render his virtuous and wise Ñ Rxebvb›` Kv‡eï Gew¤â D‡Ïk¨ m¤ú‡K© KL‡bvB AwfbœgZ †cvlY K‡ibwb| Kwe †kwjI K‡ibwb; Zuvi my¯úó †NvlYv : didactic poetry is my abhorrence| Rxebvb‡›ì g‡Z, ÔKweZvÕ Ges Ôc`¨Õ Awfbœ n‡Z cv‡i bv; Ôc`¨Õ Ñ hvi †fZi mgvR-wk¶v, †jvKwk¶v I gZev‡ì AwaôvbB gyL¨ Ñ KweZv †_‡K c„_K; c‡`ï cÖfve ¶Y¯’vqx, cvVK‡K w`‡Z cv‡i bv m‡¤¢vMvb›`; cvVK eo‡Rvi wbgœ¯‡Í ii Z…wß †eva Ki‡Z cv‡i| mvsevw`Kx I cÖPviggx© iPbvi m‡½ KweZvi cv_©K¨ GB †h, cÖ_‡gv³ wRwbm¸‡jvi †fZi AwfÁZvwe‡kvwaZ fvebv-cÖwZfvi gyw³, ïw× I msnwZ wKQyB †bB; KweZvq Zv Av‡Q| Kwei êwkó¨, KweZv I KweZvm„Rb cÖwµqv GB wZbwU welq wb‡qB ¯^xq Dcjwä e¨³ K‡i‡Qb Rxebvb›` wewfbœ iPbvq| GK ch©v‡q Rxebvb›` wm×všÍ K‡i‡Qb, ÔKweZv I Rxeb GKB

wRwb‡miB `yBiKg DrmviY|Õ 1954-†Z cÖKvwkZ †kÖô KweZvi f‚wgKvq wZwb wj‡L‡Qb, Ô...KweZv A‡bK iKg|Õ wZwb Av‡iv wj‡L‡Qb, ÔKweZvm„wó I Kve¨cvV `yB-B †kl ch©šÍ e¨w³-g‡bi e¨vcvi; Kv‡RB cvVK I mgv‡jvPK‡ì Dcjwä I gxgvsmvq GZ ZviZg¨|Õ wb‡Ri KweZv m¤ú‡K© wZwb hv wj‡L‡Qb Zv-I cÖwYavb‡hvM¨, ÔAvgvi KweZv‡K ev G Kv‡eï Kwe‡K wbR©b ev wbR©bZg AvL¨v †Ìqv n‡q‡Q; †KD e‡j‡Qb G KweZv cÖavbZ cÖK…wZi ev cÖavbZ BwZnvm I mgvR-†PZbvi, Ab¨ g‡b wb‡ðZbvi; Kv‡iv gxgvsmvq G Kve¨ GKvšÍB cÖZxKx; m¤ú~Y© Ae‡PZbvi, myiwiqvwj÷| Av‡iv bvbviKg AvL¨v †Pv‡L c‡o‡Q| cÖvq meB AvswkKfv‡e mZ¨ Ñ †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv KweZv ev Kv‡eÏ †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv Aa¨vq m¤^‡Ü Lv‡U; mgMÖ Kv‡eï e¨vL¨v wn‡m‡e bq|Õ

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KweZvi Rb¥m~Î m¤ú‡K© Rxebvb‡›ì GKwU AwePj aviYv wQj| wZwb evisevi D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb, KweZv Kwei mZZvcÖm~Z AwfÁZv I KíbvcÖwZfvi mšÍvb| 1345 e½v‡ã cÖKvwkZ Zuvi cÖ_g cÖe‡ÜB wZwb e‡j‡Qb, Kwei ü`‡q _vK‡e Kíbv Ges Kíbvi †fZ‡i _vK‡e wPšÍv I AwfÁZvi ¯^Zš¿ mvieËv| wKš‘ wZwb j¶¨ K‡iwQ‡jb GB kZ©c~i‡Yi Afv‡e mZx_©‡ì KweZv f½yi I wbivej¤^ n‡q D‡V‡Q Ñ wPšÍvi e¨vqv‡gi †`Šiv‡Z¥¨ Kwei AwfÁZv n‡q c‡o‡Q iæM&&Y, KsKvjmvi, cvV‡Ki nv‡Z †cuŠQy‡”Q ÔAcÖvmw½Kfv‡e cwiKwíZÕ KweZv| Avevi wbfz©j KvVv‡gv I we¯§‡qv‡`ªKKvix Dw³ m‡Ë¡I weï× Kveï‡m AiæwP Zuv‡ì KweZv‡K K‡i Zz‡j‡Q AùzU I Amv_©K, KL‡bv †Kej Ômvsevw`Kx I cÖPviagx©Õ| Rxebvb›` j¶ K‡iwQ‡jb Zuvi mZx_©‡ì A‡b‡KB A‡W‡bi K_v wk‡ivavh© K‡i G‡Ki ci GK ¯§iYxq Dw³ (memorable speech) wbg©v‡Y g‡bv‡hvMx; wKš‘ †klvewa Kv‡iv KweZv ch©ewmZ †Kej KwZcq ¯§iY‡hvM¨ Dw³i mgwó‡Z, Kv‡iv KweZvi evYx ¯§iYxqZi; Kvwgs‡mi g‡Zv Zuviv iPbv K‡i P‡j‡Qb eyw×`xß evK¨mgy”Pq| myax›`ªbv_ `‡Ëi ÔDUcvwLÕ Ges mgi †m‡bi ÔbvMwiKÕ c‡o Rxebvb‡›ì g‡b n‡qwQj : KweØq wb‡iU mvsevw`KZvi †`qvj Uc‡K †M‡Qb gvÎ, ÔwKš‘ cÖÁv`„wó w`‡q fvecÖwZfv‡K ï× K‡i wb‡q †Zgb †Kv‡bv Rxeb`k©b m„wó Ki‡Z cv‡ib wb, hv‡K KweZv ejv hvq|Õ wZwb cÖkœ K‡i‡Qb, ÔKve¨... †h BwZnvm avivi AbyMZ, Kwe †m BwZnvm I mgvR cwi”Qbœfv‡e gg©¯’ Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Qb wK?Õ Avgv‡ì `„wóMÖvn¨ nq Rxebvb‡›ì KweZvi RMr GKwU Rxeb`k©‡bi e¨vß cÖKvk| G cÖm‡½ wZwb wj‡L‡Qb, Ôgvbyl wn‡m‡e Aby`vi Avwg n‡Z cvwi, wKš‘ mgq-I-mxgv-cÖm„wZi wfZi mvwn‡Zï cUf‚wg wegy³ †`L‡Z fv‡jvevwm| Zey Avwg GUv ¯^xKvi Kie bv †h Ô†g‡gv‡iej& ¯úxP&Õ gvÎB KweZv| Kwei c‡¶ mgvR‡K †evSv ìKvi, KweZvi Aw¯’i wfZ‡i _vK‡e BwZnvm‡PZbv I g‡g© _vK‡e cwi”Qbœ KvjÁvb|Õ Rxebvb‡›ì GB †h `vwe Ñ KweZvi Aw¯’i †fZ‡i _vK‡e BwZnvm‡PZbv Ges g‡g© _vK‡e cwi”Qbœ KvjÁvb Ñ G †Kej ÁvbZvwË¡K fvl¨ bq, GB `vwe mgmvgwqK AvaywbK Kve¨‡PZbvi w`KåóZvi wZi¯‹viI e‡U; Ab¨w`‡K wÎ‡ki AvaywbKZv‡ev‡ai GB mgv‡jvPbv Rxebvb‡›ì Kve¨‡PZbviI wek¦¯Í w`KwbiƒcK| wZwi‡ki `k‡K evsjv KweZvq AvaywbKZvi †MvovcËb n‡qwQj GKw`‡K cÖZx‡Pï AMÖR‡ì c`v¼vbymi‡Y, Ab¨w`‡K

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SivcvjK I a~mi cvÐzwjwci ci RxeÏkvq cÖKvwkZ Rxebvb‡›ì Ab¨vb¨ Kve¨MÖš’¸‡jv n‡jv Ñ ebjZv †mb (1942, ewa©Z ms¯‹iY 1952), gnvc„w_ex (1944) Ges mvZwU Zvivi wZwgi (1948)| 1954-G Rxebvb‡›ì g„Zzï ci AcÖKvwkZ ev AMÖwš’Z KweZv mgev‡q 2017 wLªóvã ch©šÍ cÖKvwkZ Kve¨MÖš’¸‡jvi bvg cÖm½Z ¯§iY Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i : iƒcmx evsjv (1957), †ejv A‡ejv Kvj‡ejv (1961), †MvcvjP›`ª iv‡qi D‡`¨v‡M cÖKvwkZ my`k©bv (1973), gq~L emyi cwiKíbvq gbwen½g (1980), A‡kvKvb›` `v‡ki m¤úv`bvq Av‡jvc„w_ex (1983), f‚‡g›`ª ¸n I wcÖqeªZ †`‡ei †hŠ_ D‡`¨v‡M †n †cÖg †Zvgv‡K †f‡e †f‡e (1998), dqRyj jwZd †PŠayixi cwiKíbvq AcÖKvwkZ GKvbœ (1999), f‚‡g›`ª ¸n I †MŠZg wg‡Îi †hŠ_ m¤úv`bvq Qvqv AveQvqv (2004) Ges dqRyj jwZd †PŠayixi m¤úv`bvq K…òv`kgx (2015), m~h©-Am~h©‡jvK (2017) I Rxebvb›` `v‡ki `xN© KweZv (2017)| GQvov †MŠZg wgÎ AcÖKvwkZ Rxebvb›` wk‡ivbv‡g `yB L‡Ð 2015 wLªóv‡ã PwjøkwU Ges 2016 wLªóv‡ã †ZBkwU A_©vr †gvU 63wU AcÖKvwkZ KweZv cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb| cÖZxqgvb nq, wZwb Rxebvb‡›ì nvwi‡q hvIqv A‡bK cvÐzwjwci LvZvi `ywU 2014 mv‡j cybiæ×v‡i mg_© n‡q‡Qb| Rxebvb‡›ì RxerKv‡j cÖKvwkZ MÖš’f‚©Z KweZv¸‡jv ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i †Kv‡bv µwgK cwieZ©‡bi c_‡iLv mÜvb Kiv mgxPxb n‡e bv| Rxebvb›` wj‡L‡Qb A‡bK, wKš‘ cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb mvgvb¨| GKB Kve¨MÖ‡š’i †fZi mwbœwekó n‡q‡Q wewfbœ mg‡q wjwLZ KweZv| ¯§iYxq gnvc„w_exi KweZv¸‡jv 1336 e½vã †_‡K 1345-48 GB `xN© Kvjcwim‡i wjwLZ; Ab¨w`‡K †ejv

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†n †èZv, †mŠ›`‡h©‡i Zz‡j Zzwg w`‡j †Kvb& cv‡i ewjjvg, GK Mvj evZv‡mi `ye©j Avn¬v‡` †hŠe‡bi †mŠ›`‡h©iv Pvwi-w`‡K †ng‡šÍi gZ; Ñ AÜKv‡i Wz‡e †h‡Z KZ †`wi i‡q‡Q ej ZÕ Rvgv cÕ‡i Av”Qbœ a~mi †eov‡ZQ cÖvšÍ‡ii ci AvR iv‡Z †Zvgv‡i †K †P‡b weeY© Rvgvi gZ †Zvgvi †`‡ni AvR c„w_exi e›`‡i †K †K‡b GK gy‡Vv LB Avi KvbvKwo w`‡q †KvbI GK ey‡bv nuvm aej DÇxb cvLv wb‡q ÿZ wb‡q hwÌ Swiqv c‡o e¨vß k‡i Ñ Kv`vi wfZi Kv`v bq Ñ aej DÇxb †cÖg †R¨vrmœvq Avgv‡ì ¯^c‡bi Ni| e¯‘Z Ôgvjv‡g©-cÖewZ©Z Kve¨v`k©B Avgvi Awš^ó; AvwgI gvwb †h KweZvi gyL¨ Dcv`vb kãÕ e‡jI myax›`ªbv_ `‡Ëi c‡¶ hv m¤¢eci wQj bv, Rxebvb‡›ì c‡¶ Zv m¤¢e n‡qwQj mnRvZ Abvqv‡m Ñ †Kbbv, Af‚Zc~e© kãPvZz‡h©i ga¨¯’Zvq Rxebvb‡›ì nv‡Z fvlvi m‡½ me©Rbxb gvbexq Awfe¨w³i mdj ms‡køl N‡UwQj| wesk kZvãxi wbmM©Pz¨Z wbivej¤^ A_P Mvp-ms‡e`x bvMwiK gvby‡li Rxeb‡eva Rxebvb‡›ì KweZvq wkígwÐZ cÖwZ”Qvqv Luy‡R †c‡qwQj| Ab¨w`‡K kã‡K Q‡›` aviY Ki‡Z wM‡q Rxebvb›` `xN© Kv‡ji K‡Vvi cÖ‡Kvô †_‡K gyw³ w`‡q‡Qb k‡ãi web¨vm Avi kvmb| GK Rv`yN‡i nv‡Z wZwb Ñ Rxebvb›` `vk Ñ m„wó K‡i‡Qb GK A™¢zZ Q‡›ì msMxZ hv Kv‡bi †fZi w`‡q †cuŠ‡Q hvq Mfx‡i| kãweb¨v‡m wZwb Af‚Zc~e© GK cwieZ©b K‡iwQ‡jb, hv Av‡Rv AbbyKiYxq i‡q †M‡Q : AvR‡K iv‡Z †Zvgvq Avgvi Kv‡Q †c‡j K_v ejv †hZ; Pvwiw`‡K wnRj wkixl bÿÎ Nvm nvIqvi cÖvšÍi| wKš‘ †hB wbU wbq‡g fvebv Av‡eM fve weï× nq welq I Zvi hyw³i wfZi; AvwgI †mB djvd‡ji wfZ‡i †_‡K wM‡q †`‡LwQ fviZ jÛb †ivg wbDBqK© Pxb AvR‡K iv‡Zi BwZnvm I g„Z g¨vg_ me wbweo wbqgvaxb| Rxebvb›` `v‡ki KweZvq Avgiv GK `~i Aven cÖZ¨¶ Kwi; †`wL GK M¤¢xi cÖmbœZv mvivKv‡e¨ Qwo‡q w`‡q‡Q `yg©i AvKl©Y, †mLv‡b A‡jŠwKK g‡bvfze‡bi Bw½Z Avgv‡ì ¯ú„„ó K‡i| gvby‡li K¬vwšÍ-wb`ªv-Aemv`, Rxeb-g„Zzï †`vjvPj, `~iZ¡-ˆbK‡Uï †RvqvifvUv, gvbemf¨Zvi wbqwZjvwÃZ BwZnvm, gvby‡li wbivej¤^ Aw¯ÍZ¡, wbm‡M©i KiæY-welYœ iƒc, Rxebvb‡›ì †PZbv‡K `vb K‡i‡Q cÖmbœ Mv¤¢xh©| eZ©gvb‡K AZx‡Zi m‡½ wgwk‡q, wbK‡Ui m‡½ my`~i‡K msNe× K‡i, m‡PZbZvi m‡½ Ae‡PZbvi ms‡køl K‡i, m‡e©vcwi AwfÁZvi m‡½ Kíbv‡K RvwiZ K‡i wZwb m„wó K‡i‡Qb Bw›`ªqMÖvn¨ †gvnb GK fzeb| e¯‘Z wkím„wói j¶¨ wb‡q, wn‡me-wb‡Kk K‡i KweZv wbg©vY, Kjv‰Kejëv`x Kve¨‡eva, ˆbivZ¥ïxwZ ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv wbg©vY †KŠkj, e„Ëve× `k©b ev Q‡›ì wbw`©ó KvVv‡gv Ñ G-ai‡bi †Kv‡bv QKawg©Zv‡KB MÖnY‡hvM¨ Av`k© e‡j †g‡b †bbwb Rxebvb›`| ixwZcÖKi‡Yi PP©v bq, Zuvi KweZvq wbcyY cÖ‡qv‡M kãcyÄ wk‡í DËxY© n‡q‡Q| †mB myax›`ªbv_ `Ë-Kw_Z †mÝ Ae dg© AMÖvn¨ K‡i wZwb †`wL‡q‡Qb Kx K‡i k‡ãi cÖvK…Z

cÖengvbZv m„wó Ki‡Z mg_© Aweb¨¯Í †mŠ›`h©; KweZv n‡q I‡V evO&gq Qwe Avi Awbt‡kl msMxZ hvi Kv‡Q A_©‡`¨vZbvi `vwe A`g¨ n‡q I‡V bv| `ytLRbK †h, †Kej ebjZv †mb ev iƒcmx evsjv cvV K‡i K‡i Avgv‡ì Nwoi KuvUv mg‡qi †kl cÖv‡šÍ †cuŠ‡Q hvq| e¯‘Z Rxebvb‡›ì AwaKvsk KweZv cwVZ bq Av‡`Š| Zuvi cÖvq AvovB nvRvi KweZvi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q eû civµgkvjx KweZv hv evsjv KweZvi mbvZb cvV‡Ki Kve¨‡eva GK SuvKzwb‡Z cybwe©b¨¯Í K‡i †Ìqvi Rb¨ h‡_ó| mnmªvwaK KweZvq Ggb GK †PZbvcÖevn Qwo‡q w`‡q‡Qb Rxebvb›` QÎ †_‡K QÎvšÍ‡i hv †ev‡ai AMg¨ bq, hwÌ †ev‡ai AwaMg¨Zvi gyLv‡cÿx bq Av‡`Š| g‡š¿v”Pvi‡Yi g‡Zv cO&w³i ci cO&w³ wj‡L †M‡Qb Rxebvb›`, hvi wPšÍvm~‡Îi Avw`-AšÍ wbiƒcY Kivi Av‡MB Avgv‡ì Abyf‚wZ ¯ú„ó nq msMx‡Z, wPšÍvq, cÖ‡kœ I †e`bvq| ZLb Avgv‡ì Kwe ˆbivkëv`x wK Avkvev`x, RxebgyLx wK cjvqbev`x, †ivgvw›UK wK K¬¨vwmK¨vj Ñ BZ¨vw` Abvw`cÖPwjZ ZKgv¸‡jv Amnvq n‡q c‡o; KweZv m¤ú‡K© Avgv‡ì mKj Avß aviYv eëüZ †VvOvi g‡Zv `yg‡o-gyP‡o hvq; Avgv‡ì gw¯Í®‹-a„Z ˆ`bw›`b Awfavb ¸wU‡q †bq mn‡hvwMZvi nvZ; Avgv‡ì †eva I †evwa Kzgvixi cÖ_g ivM‡gvP‡bi wbweo e¨_v I Mfxi my‡L hyMcr KvZi n‡q c‡o| Kvi Kwe Rxebvb›`, K‡eKvi? Kx‡mi KweZv Zuvi? Rxebwkíx wZwb? QÙ‡ekx BwZnvmwe`? b„ZË¡we` †Kv‡bv? wbtm½ cwieªvRK? Gme Awbevh© cÖ‡kœi DËi †c‡Z n‡j

Avgv‡`i ebjZv †mb Avi iƒcmx evsjvi gvqvexi Rv`y †f‡O †h‡Z n‡e Av‡iv DRv‡b, †hLv‡b k‡ãi †Ljv MvpZi n‡q ¯úk© K‡i‡Q A‡jŠwKK A`„óc~e© w`MšÍ GK, †mLv‡b `„k¨ I Kíbv, aŸwb-cÖwZaŸwb, wPšÍv-AbywPšÍb, Q›`-Q›`nxbZv Avi †evaDcjwä wgwkÖZ n‡q‡Q AZjvšÍ g~Q©bvq : mgq Nywi‡Z Av‡Q †hb †KvbI giæf‚i DUcvwL †MŠi‡ei bxnvwiKv køvNvi ga¨vý †iŠ‡`ª, jvjmvq, Ñ fuvovwgi evwji wee‡i †n bvweK `~i ga¨mgy‡`ªi Auvav‡ii Rvnv‡Ri K¤úvmÕGi KuvUv Zey †KvbI GK HKZvb Qvov Avi wKQy Rv‡b bv wK? Giv me wb‡qvwRZ cÖwZfvi †¯^` ïay? †cÖg? g„Zz¨? Ñ kvwšÍ, Avnv? iv‡Zi evZvm Av‡m e„wói †g‡Ni NªvY wb‡q Pvwi-w`‡K wb¯ÍäZv GLb wK nq bvB wbweo mgq DUcvwL, K¤úvmÕGi KuvUv cyw_cÎ, gvbwPÎ †i‡L w`‡q `yB BwÂ cv_‡ii Z_vMZ-g~wZ© n‡q bM‡i e›`‡i hy×‡ÿ‡Î MwYKvi N‡i åvg¨gvY jvÃbvq †KejB Nywie Avwg AbšÍ welye‡iLv aÕ‡i? Ñ Aweij (wbe©v‡Yi) kvwšÍ Qvov wKQz eywSe bv Zey Avi? (Ômgq Nywi‡Z Av‡QÕ, m~h©-Am~h©‡jvK) r

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Rxebvb‡›`i KweZv-cv‡Vi f‚wgKv wek¦wRr †Nvl

Rxebvb›` g~jZ wPÎK‡íi Kwe; †evaKwi GRb¨B Rxebvb‡›`i KweZv‡K iex›`ªbv_ e‡j‡Qb ÔwPÎiƒcgqÕ|

ex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii ci, evsjv mvwn‡Z¨, Rxebvb›` `vk (1899-1954) cÖK…Z A‡_©B Ab¨Zg †kÖô †gŠwjK Kwe| welqfvebv I wbg©vYKjvi `„wó‡Kv‡Y wZwb evsjv Kv‡eï BwZnv‡m GK ¯^Zš¿ avivi mªóv| cÖ_g wek¦hy‡×vËi mg‡q c„w_exe¨vß mvgvwRK Aeÿq, A_©‰bwZK wech©q, g~j‡eva-wePz¨wZ, gvbweK-m¤¢vebvq Awek¦vm Ges Ô†cv‡ovRwgÕ‡Z Ôduvcv gvby‡liÕ wecbœ Aw¯Í‡Z¡i cÖwZ‡e‡k evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ Rxebvb‡›ì `xcÖ Avwef©ve| hyMa‡g©i êbvwkKZvq Zuvi gvbmcÖvšÍi n‡qwQj e„Ëve×-Rxebmw›`»-wkKoDb¥~wjZ-wek¦vmwePz¨Z, KL‡bvev mËvwew”Qbœ| Rxebvb›` `v‡ki KweZvq †cŠbtcywbKfv‡e wkwíZv †c‡q‡Q AbvkÖqx c„w_exi Qwe, wPwÎZ n‡q‡Q Zuvi ˆbtm½¨cxwoZ wecbœ mËvi eûfzR hš¿Yvi K_v| ÔwbwLj bvw¯ÍÕgq weiƒc we‡k¦i Amnvq Awfevmx Rxebvb›` `vk Zuvi KweZvq A¼b K‡i‡Qb Ø›ØcxwoZ ga¨weË gvby‡li wew”QbœZvi `yg©i hš¿Yv, AvZ¥`n‡bi ZxÿègyL R¡vjv, ˆbtm‡½ï `yf©i †e`bv, Ges BwZnvm‡PZbv I KvjÁv‡bi Av‡jvq KL‡bv-ev wbtm½Zvgyw³i AvKzj AvKzwZ| wel‡qi bZzbZ¡ I cÖMZ wPšÍvq BwZnvmjMœZv cÖavb AvKl©Y n‡jI Rxebvb‡›ì KweZvq wbg©vYKjvMZ ¯^vZš¿¨ mn‡RB jÿ‡hvM¨| kã-eënv‡i, Dcgv-iƒcK-Dr‡cÖÿv-wPÎKí wbg©v‡Y Ges Q›`m¾vq Zuvi cÖvwZw¯^KZv evsjv KweZvi GK weij m¤ú`| cÖKiYMZ Awfbe‡Z¡i g‡a¨ wPÎKí wbg©v‡Y Zuvi ¯^KxqZv mwe‡kl jÿYxq| Rxebvb›` g~jZ wPÎK‡íi Kwe; †evaKwi GRb¨B Rxebvb‡›ì KweZv‡K iex›`ªbv_ e‡j‡Qb ÔwPÎiƒcgqÕ| Rxebvb›` `v‡ki KweZv nvRvi eQ‡ii evsjv KweZvi avivq, cÖK…Z

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cuywRev`x Drcv`b m¤ú‡K©i RwUjZvi Kvi‡Y Amnvq gvbyl GKmgq wb‡Ri g‡a¨ wb‡R‡K ¸wU‡q †bq| mgi-DËiKv‡j mvwe©K Aeÿ‡qi c‡U `ªæZ we¯Ívi jvf K‡i GB cÖeYZv Ges Gfv‡e †e‡o hvq mgvR I mËvi m‡½ gvby‡li Abš^q| cÖ_g wek¦hy‡×vËi mgqL‡Ð Avwef‚©Z evsjvfvlx Kwe‡ì iPbvq e¨vcKfv‡e wkwíZv †c‡q‡Q gvby‡li Aeÿq-ˆbivk¨-weiƒcZv-AmnvqZv-welYœZvAwek¦vm-Awfk¼v Ñ Gme cÖeYZv| Rxebvb›` `vk, myax›`ªbv_ `Ë (1901-60), AwRZ `Ë (1907-79), ey×‡è emy (1908-74), weòz †` (1909-82), mgi †mb (1916-87) Ñ Guiv mK‡jB wb‡e©` wbtm½Zvi hš¿Yvq cxwoZ n‡q‡Qb; Zuv‡ì KweZvq AefvwmZ n‡q‡Q AvaywbK gvbe‰PZ‡bï cxwoZ mËvi msKU| cieZx©Kv‡j †KD BwZnvm-HwZn¨-cyiv‡Yi m‡½ msjMœ n‡q, †KD-ev m•Nkw³i †cÖiYvq Abš^q †_‡K gyw³i †Póv K‡i‡Qb; wKš‘ cuywRev`x Aeÿ‡qi Kvi‡Y wb‡e©`-wbtm½Zv †_‡K c~Y©gyw³i ¯^v` Zuviv †KD-B cvbwb| Dchy©³ †cÖÿvc‡U evsjv KweZvq Rxebvb‡›ì Avwef©ve| Bs‡iwR wefv‡Mi QvÎ Ñ AZGe, GwjqU j‡iÝ wQj Zuvi KiZjMZ| wek¦e¨vcx mvg~wnK fvOb I wecbœZvq g‡g© g‡g© wZwb wQ‡jb cxwoZ| hy×ZvwoZ c„w_exUv Zuvi Kv‡Q bó kmv, cPv PvjKzgov Avi giv †ng‡šÍi iƒc n‡q aiv w`‡qwQj|

SivcvjK-a~mi cvÐzwjwc Ñ Kve¨MÖ‡š’i Ggb bvgKi‡YB aiv c‡o Kwei AšÍM©Z wecbœZv Avi KvwjK eÜ¨‡Z¡i K_v| wZwiwk Kwe‡ì g‡a¨ †eva Kwi me‡P‡q †ewk wew”QbœZvcxwoZ wQ‡jb Rxebvb›`| Zuvi KweZvi GKUv eo Ask Ry‡oB Av‡Q wew”QbœZv-msµv‡gi K_v, Av‡Q wb‡e©`kvwmZ AvaywbK gvbe‰PZ‡bï eûgvwÎK welv‡ì K_v| c„w_exi †Kv‡bv gvby‡li m‡½ wZwb Luy‡R cvbwb msjMœZvi †Kv‡bv m~Î, wb‡Ri mËvi m‡½I Zuvi wQj bv †Kv‡bv AvwZ¥K eÜb| e¨w³Rxe‡bi bvbvgvwÎK e¨_©Zv, `v¤úZ¨Rxe‡bi eûfzR msKU Ges wek¦mvwnZ¨-cv‡Vi AaxZ Ávb Rxebvb›`‡K wb‡ÿc K‡i‡Q GK RwUj AveZ©msKzj wew”QbœZv-AY©‡e| wek¦vmnxb c„w_ex‡Z, Rxebvb›` g‡b K‡ib, †bB †Kv‡bv AvšÍtgvbweK m¤úK©-eÜb| gvbweK m¤ú‡K©i †ÿ‡Î c„w_ex‡Z †b‡g G‡m‡Q Mfxi GK AÜKvi, †hLv‡b gvbweK eÜbUv Gwjq‡Ui fvlvq Ônothing with nothingÕ-Gi eÜbgvÎ, †hLv‡b mewKQyB wgwj‡q hvq gnvk~‡b¨ Ñ Rxebvb‡›ì fvlvq : iƒc †cÖg : mwe AÜKvi; mwe `xN© wb¯ÍäZv; K¼vj nevi Ñ k~‡b¨ wgwj‡q hvevi| (Rxebvb›` `vk, Ô1936Õ) Rxebvb‡›ì Kv‡Q c„w_exUv GK †cÖgnxb giæf‚wg| ZvB KweZvq wZwb †cÖ‡gi K_v ej‡Z wM‡q †cŠbtcywbKfv‡e wj‡L‡Qb A-†cÖ‡gi hš¿YvK_v| e¨w³¯^vZ‡š¿ï cÖej Pv‡c G-Kv‡ji gvby‡li Rxeb †_‡K AšÍwn©Z n‡q‡Q †cÖg, d‡j †`Lv w`‡q‡Q fqven `xN© wbtm½Zv| SivcvjK Kv‡eï ÔGKw`b Luy‡RwQby hv‡iÕ KweZvq †m-K_vB †hb Kwe cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb : Ñ ÔAvR eywS fz‡jÕ †MQ wcÖqv!/ cvZvSiv Auvav‡i gymv‡di-wnqv/ GKw`b wQj Ze †Mva~wji mnPi, Ñ fz‡j †MQ Zzwg!/ G gvwUi Qjbvi myivcvÎ Awbevi Pzwg/ AvR †gvi ey‡K ev‡R ïay †L`, Ñ ïay Aemv`!Õ †cÖg-wew”QbœZv Kwei wPË‡jv‡K m„wó K‡i‡Q Mfxi hš¿Yv, hvi cwiYwZ‡Z Kwe MÖvwmZ n‡q‡Qb wbtm½Zv-msµv‡g| cÖm½Z ¯§iY Kiv hvq wb‡e©`-wbtm½Zvgq Kwei wb‡gœv³ PiY¸”Q : hwÌ exYvi g‡Zv †e‡R I‡V ü`‡qi eb GKevi Ñ `yBevi Ñ Rxe‡bi Aaxi AvNv‡Z, Ñ Zey Ñ †cÖg Ñ Zey Zv‡i wQu‡o‡du‡o wM‡q‡Q KLb! †Zgb wQuwo‡Z cv‡i †cÖg ïay! Ñ ANªv‡bi iv‡Z nvIqv G‡m †hgb cvZvi eyK PÕ‡j †M‡Q wQu‡o! cvZvi gZb KÕ‡i wQu‡o †M‡Q †hgb cvwL‡i! (Rxebvb›` `vk, Ô†cÖgÕ) iƒp c„w_ex‡Z Rxebvb›` jÿ K‡i‡Qb mewKQyB †hb †f‡O co‡Q, ÿ‡q hv‡”Q Rxe‡bi me mÂq| bó c„w_ex‡Z †Kv_vI Avi ùvovevi RvqMv †bB| bvm©vwi ivBg&m‡K ÿwqòz evKcÖwZgvq e`‡j w`‡q I‡q÷ j¨v‡Û GwjqU e‡j‡Qb Ñ ÔLondon Bridge is falling down, falling down, falling down.Õ GKBfv‡e Rxebvb›Ì AbvZ¥xq GB c„w_ex‡Z †Kej jÿ K‡i‡Qb cZb, †Kej webwó : `~‡i Kv‡Q †Kewj bMi, Ni fv‡O; MÖvgcZ‡bi kã nq; gvby‡liv †Xi hyM KvwU‡q w`‡q‡Q c„w_ex‡Z, †`qv‡j Zv‡ì Qvqv Zey ÿwZ, g„Zz¨, fq, wenŸjZv eÕ‡j g‡b nq|

Gme k~b¨Zv Qvov †Kv‡bvw`‡K AvR wKQy †bB mg‡qi Zx‡i| (Rxebvb›` `vk, Ôc„w_ex‡jvKÕ) bMiRxeb Kwei Kv‡Q †Kewj msev` †`q weewglvi, Zey bMi †Q‡o wZwb †Kv_vI m‡i †h‡Z cv‡ib bv| bMi †hb wbqwZ n‡q Kwei mËv‡K wc‡l a‡i‡Q| kvnwiK wbôziZvq Kwe nvwi‡q †d‡j‡Qb gvbweK me ïf‡eva, bM‡ii jÿ †jv‡Ki wf‡o Kwei wbtm½Zv †`Lv w`‡q‡Q Av‡iv Zxeª n‡q| †g‡UªvcwjUvb bM‡i Ôlonely crowdÕ-Gi gv‡S Kwe g‡g© g‡g© Dcjwä Ki‡Z cvi‡Qb Zuvi fqven GKvwKZ¡ I wbtm½Zv‡K| gvbyl m¤ú‡K© Kwei wP‡Ë †`Lv w`‡q‡Q †gŠwjK GK m‡›`n, hv e¨³ n‡q‡Q Ôm„wói Zx‡iÕ KweZvq : G we‡Kj gvbyl bv gvwQ‡ì ¸ÄiYgq! hy‡M hy‡M gvby‡li Aaëmvq Ac‡ii my‡hv‡Mi g‡Zv g‡b nq| K‚Bmwjs evbv‡bv wK wbR bvg Ñ wnUjvi mvZ KvbvKwo w`‡q Zvnv wK‡b wb‡q nÕ‡q †Mj jvj : gvby‡lwi nv‡Z Zey gvbyl n‡Z‡Q bv‡Rnvj; c„w_ex‡Z †bB †Kvb weï× PvKwi| G †Kgb cwi‡e‡k iÕ‡q †MwQ m‡e Ñ (Rxebvb›` `vk, Ôm„wói Zx‡iÕ) gvby‡li Rxeb †_‡K †cÖg AcüZ, AcüZ cÖK…wZI| cÖK…wZwew”QbœZv AvaywbK bvMwiK gvbyl‡K wbtm½Zvi `y‡g©v”P fze‡b wb‡ÿc K‡i‡Q| cÖK…wZi wekj¨KiYx mËvi ¯^v` fz‡j †M‡Q G-Kv‡ji gvbyl Ñ Zuvi Rxeb †_‡K wPiKv‡ji g‡Zv P‡j †M‡Q bxj AvKvk, mybxj mgy`ª, meyR c„w_ex, †cje g„wËKv Ñ †mLv‡b †`Lv w`‡q‡Q A‡Uv‡gvevB‡ji kã Avi KviLvbvi Kv‡jv †auvqv| cÖK…wZi m‡½ gvby‡li wew”QbœZvq †`Lv w`‡q‡Q fqven GK wbtm½Zv| G-K_vUv †hb e¨³ n‡q‡Q Rxebvb‡›ì GB PiY¸‡”Q : †i‡ji jvB‡bi g‡Zv cvZv Ávb-weÁv‡bi AšÍnxb Kvh©KvwiZvq myL Av‡Q, m„wó †bB| A‡bK cÖmv` Av‡Q, †cÖg †bB| ... ... ... ... Db¥y³ e›ì me bxj mgy‡`ªi cv‡i cv‡i gvbyl I †gwk‡bi †hŠ_ kw³e‡j bxwjgv‡K AvU‡K‡Q Bu`y‡ii K‡j| (Rxebvb›` `vk, ÔGBLv‡b m~‡h©iÕ) mvg~wnK GB wecbœZv I wew”QbœZv‡K A½xKvi K‡iB evsjv KweZvq cÖwZôv N‡U Rxebvb‡›ì| m~Pbvj‡Mœ †h-Kwe wQ‡jb wew”QbœZvcxwoZ, nZvkv`xY©, AvkvwZwi³, fv‡jvevmvk~b¨ Ges g„wËKvwew”Qbœ Ñ †m-KweB cwiYwZ‡Z n‡q DV‡jb Rxe‡bi RqMv‡b gyLi, gvbyl‡K †`L‡Z †c‡jb BwZnv‡mi wekvj †cÖÿvc‡U Ñ Zuv‡K Avkv-Avb›`-mvnm I fimv w`‡jb evsjvi bvixMY Ñ n‡q DV‡jb wZwb Awb‡gl Av‡jvi Kwe| wZwiwk k~b¨Zvi wecÖZx‡c Gevi Rxebvb›` evsjvi AevwiZ cÖK…wZ, mgqÁvb I BwZnvm‡PZbv Ges myiÄbv-k•Lgvjv‡ì mvwbœ‡a¨ †cuŠ‡Q †M‡jb Ges wcÖq cvVK‡ì †cuŠ‡Q w`‡jb Av‡jv-c„w_exi kvk¦Z Kÿc‡_ Ñ ÔwbivkvK‡iv¾¡j KweÕ cwiYwZ‡Z n‡q DV‡jb ÔwZwgi webvkx KweÕ| wKš‘ GUv n‡jv Kxfv‡e? ZvwË¡K e¨vL¨vUv ùvov‡Z cv‡i Gfv‡e Ñ wbtm½Zv‡eva †hgb gvbeRxe‡bi wbZ¨mnPi, †Zgb wbtm½Zv †_‡K gyw³i AvKzwZI Zuvi gv‡S m`v-wµqvkxj| wbtm½ZvMÖvwmZ

gvbyl KL‡bv KL‡bv RvMÖZ nq gvbweK m¤¢vebv I mvgvwRK `vwqZ¡‡PZbvq| `vk©wbK gb¯ÍË¡weìv gvby‡li wbtm½Zvgyw³i eûwea c‡_i K_v D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb| gvby‡li wbtm½Zvi †hgb †kl †bB, †Zgwb †kl †bB wbtm½Zv †_‡K gyw³i c_-mÜv‡bi cÖ‡Póv| gvbyl hLb RvMÖZ n‡e m`_©K †PZbvq, m•Nkw³‡Z hLb F× Ki‡e wb‡R‡K, †R‡M DV‡e hLb cvwievwiK mvgvwRK-mvs¯‹…wZK `vwqZ¡‡PZbvq, ùvov‡e hLb e„nr †`k Avi e„nËi we‡k¦i gv‡S Ñ ZLbB e¨w³gvbyl AwZµg Ki‡Z mg_© n‡e mvg~wnK ˆbtm½¨msµvg| wek¦vZ¥‡PZbvB gvbyl‡K Rb¥ w`‡Z cv‡i bZzb gvbyl wn‡m‡e| wek¦vZ¥‡eva m„wó Ki‡Z cv‡i wek¦gvbe‡PZbv Ñ ZLb †m GK Rxe‡bB ÔnvRvi eQi a‡i c_ nuvU‡Z cv‡iÕ| wew”QbœZvi me©MÖvmx msµvg †_‡K GB gvbe‡PZbvB iÿv Ki‡Z cv‡i gvbeRvwZ‡K| GKK gvbyl hLb Awš^Z n‡e gnvwe‡k¦i †QvU-eo mewKQyi m‡½, Awš^Z n‡e Avi me gvby‡li m‡½ Ñ ZLbB k~b¨ Zuvi c~Y© n‡e, Ny‡P hv‡e GKvwK‡Z¡i g‡bvRvMwZK wew”QbœZv Ñ Gevi †m Avi Ki‡e bv GB cÖkœ : Ô†m †Kb R‡ji g‡Zv Ny‡i Ny‡i GKv K_v Kq!Õ Ñ wKsev wjL‡e bv Ggb PiY : Ô Ñ Zey †Kb Ggb GKvKx?/ Zey Avwg Ggb GKvKx!Õ (Ô†evaÕ, a~mi cvÐzwjwc) eis GKjv-Avwgi eÜb wQu‡o †m wM‡q ùvov‡e eû-Avwgi cÖv½‡Y, n‡q DV‡e m¤ú~Y© ¯^vaxb I `vwqZ¡evb gvbyl| Rxebvb›` `vk cÖavbZ wZbwU Drm‡K A½xKvi K‡i g‡bvRvMwZK wew”QbœZv †_‡K gy³ n‡q DcbxZ n‡q‡Qb m`_©K Rxeb‡PZbvi Av‡jvwKZ gnvc„w_ex‡Z| cvVK, GKevi jÿ Kiæb, †h-Kwei cÖ_g w`‡Ki Kve¨MÖ‡š’i bvg a~mi cvÐzwjwcÑSivcvjK Ñ cwiYZ †m-Kwei DËiKvjxb Kve¨bvg gnvc„w_exÑebjZv †mb wKsev Av‡jv-c„w_ex| evsjvi AevwiZ cÖK…wZ, m`_©K BwZnvmÁvb Ges kvk¦Z †cÖgfvebv Rxebvb›`‡K kw³ I mvnm mÂvi K‡i‡Q KvwjK nZvkv-AY©e cvwo w`‡q Av‡jvwKZ gvbeZvi fze‡b DËxY© n‡Z| Rxebvb‡›ì KweZvq †h-cÖK…wZ, iƒcmx evsjv Kve¨MÖ‡š’ cvIqv hvq evsjvi †h-iƒc Ñ GB cÖK…wZ GB e½‡kvfv GKvšÍfv‡eB ¯^cœ ¯§„wZ I kÖæwZi evsjv‡`k| evsjvi AevwiZ cÖK…wZ, evsjvi MvQcvjv, jZv-¸j¥, evsjvi b`-b`x Kwei †PZbvq mÂvi K‡i‡Q †R‡M IVvi A‡bKvšÍ mvnm| cÖ_g c‡e© Rxebvb›` evsjvi cÖK…wZ‡Z †`‡L‡Qb bó kmv, cPv PvjKzgov Avi giv †ng‡šÍ g„Z †kdvjxi k¥kvb Ñ cwiYwZ‡Z wZwbB wj‡L‡Qb evOvwji Kv‡Q wPivqZ fv‡jvjvMv GB PiY¸”Q : evsjvi gyL Avwg †`wLqvwQ, ZvB Avwg c„w_exi iƒc LuywR‡Z hvB bv Avi : AÜKv‡i †R‡M D‡V Wzgy‡ii Mv‡Q †P‡q †`wL QvZvi gZb e‡ov cvZvwUi wb‡P eÕ‡m Av‡Q †fv‡ii `‡qjcvwL Ñ Pvwiw`‡K †P‡q †`wL cjø‡ei ¯Í‚c RvgÑeUÑKuvVv‡jiÑwnR‡jiÑAk‡_i KÕ‡i Av‡Q Pzc; dYxgbmvi †Sv‡c kwUe‡b Zvnv‡ì Qvqv cwoqv‡Q| gayKi wWOv †_‡K bv Rvwb †m K‡e Puv` P¤úvi Kv‡Q GgbB wnRjÑeUÑZgv‡ji bxj Qvqv evsjvi Aciƒc iƒc †`‡LwQj : ... (Rxebvb›` `vk, Ôevsjvi gyL AvwgÕ) Rxebvb‡›ì †`k‡cÖ‡g Av‡Q ¯^KxqZvi myi, c~e©m~wi Kwe‡ì †_‡K G-†ÿ‡Î Zuvi dvivK †hvRb †hvRb| KY©dzjx KxwZ©bvkv Rjv½x a‡jk¦ix cÙv iƒcmv Avi avbwmwo-Rjwmwoi Zx‡i Zx‡i

†h-evsjv‡K Rxebvb›` Avwe®‹vi K‡i‡Qb, †m-evsjv GKvšÍfv‡eB Zuvi wbR¯^| evsjvi Aciƒc iƒcB Rxebvb›`‡K †mvRv n‡q `uvovevi kw³ w`‡q‡Q, mvnm w`‡q‡Q m`_©K Rxebhvc‡bi| wZwiwk Ab¨ Kwe‡`i †_‡K GLv‡bB ¯^Kxq Rxebvb›`| evsjvi b`x Nvm dzj dj cvwL ZiæjZv Avi †g‡Vv-Puv` wi³ Avkvi cÖvšÍi cvwo w`‡q Rxebvb›`‡K †cuŠ‡Q w`‡q‡Q Av‡jvc„w_ex‡Z| Av‡jvc„w_ex‡Z †cuŠQ‡Z Rxebvb›`‡K AšÍnxb †cÖiYv w`‡q‡Q mf¨Zvi cÖengvbZv‡eva I BwZnvmÁvb| BwZnv‡mi cÖengvbZvq wZwb Luy‡R †c‡q‡Qb ÔkZ kZ RjSY©vi aŸwbÕ Ñ BwZnv‡mi wekvj Wvbvq fi K‡i‡Qb e‡j gvB‡µv‡PZbv Zuv‡K MÖvm K‡iwb, eis g¨v‡µv-fvebvq Rxeb‡K †cuŠ‡Q w`‡q‡Qb gnvRxe‡bi †mªv‡Z| BwZnvmB Zuvi Kv‡Q n‡q D‡V‡Q wZwgiwebvkx Drm Ñ BwZnvmB Zuvi Kv‡Q KvwjK wecbœZv AwZµg‡Yi Adzivb ïkÖƒlvcÖ‡jc Ñ G-wek¦v‡mB wZwb D”PviY K‡ib Amvgvb¨ GB evYx, †hb †e`gš¿ : Avwg Zey ewj : GLb †h KUv w`b †eu‡P AvwQ m~‡h© m~‡h© Pwj, †`Lv hvK c„w_exi Nvm m„wói we‡li we›`y Avi wb‡®úwlZ gbyl¨Zvi Avav‡ii †_‡K Av‡b Kx KÕ‡i †h gnvbxjvKvk, fvev hvK Ñ fvev hvK Ñ BwZnvm Luyo‡jB ivwk ivwk `yt‡Li Lwb †f` KÕ‡i †kvbv hvq ïkÖƒlvi g‡Zv kZ kZ kZ RjSb©vi aŸwb| (Rxebvb›` `vk, Ô†n ü`qÕ) BwZnvm-mÂvwiZ c‡_ AwfhvÎvi AwšÍ‡g Rxebvb›` †`L‡Z cvb DËi‡Yi wkLi‡jvK, Abyfe K‡ib m~‡h©i J¾¡j¨| ZvB mgKvjxb am DËi‡Yi AvKv•ÿvq BwZnvm‡K AuvK‡o a‡i wZwb cvwo w`‡Z Pvb mg‡qi c_| Kwei GB AšÍM©Z wek¦vmUv aiv w`‡q‡Q GB kã‡iLvq Ñ ÔBwZnvmmÂvwiZ †n wewfbœ RvwZ, gb, gvbe-Rxeb,/ GB c„w_exi gyL hZ †ewk †Pbv hvq Ñ Pjv hvq mg‡qi c‡_,/ ZZ †ewk DËiY mZ¨ bq Rvwb; Zey Áv‡bi welYœ‡jvKx Av‡jv/ AwaK wbg©j n‡j bUxi †cÖ‡gi †P‡q fv‡jv/ mdj gvbe‡cÖ‡g DrmvwiZ nq, hw`, Z‡e/ be b`x be bxo bMix bxwjgv m„wó n‡e|/ Avgiv P‡jwQ †mB D¾¡j m~‡h©i Abyf‡eÕ (ÔAÜKvi †_‡KÕ)| BwZnvm‡evaB Rxebvb›`‡K wkwL‡q‡Q, g¨v‡µv‡PZbvq, gvby‡li cÖengvbZv I mf¨Zvi AMÖhvÎv| ZvB Aejxjvq wZwb D”PviY Ki‡Z cv‡ib D¾¡j GB cO&w³ Ñ ÔnvRvi eQi aÕ‡i Avwg c_ nuvwU‡ZwQ c„w_exi c‡_Õ, wKsev wZwb wjL‡Z cv‡ib AZzj GB ¯ÍeK : Mvp AÜKvi †_‡K Avgiv G c„w_exi AvR‡Ki gyn~‡Z© G‡mwQ| ex‡Ri wfZi †_‡K Kx KÕ‡i AiY¨ Rb¥ †bq, Ñ R‡ji KYvi †_‡K †R‡M I‡V b‡fvbxj gnvb mvMi, Kx KÕ‡i G cÖK…wZ‡Z Ñ c„w_ex‡Z, Avnv Qvqv”Qbœ `„wó wb‡q gvbe cÖ_g G‡mwQj, Avgiv †R‡bwQ me, Ñ Abyfe K‡iwQ mKwj| (Rxebvb›` `vk, ÔAÜKvi †_‡KÕ) cvwievwiK eÜb I `vwqZ¡‡PZbv †_‡K e¨w³i wew”QbœZv hZB cÖej n‡q‡Q, ZZB e„w× †c‡q‡Q gvby‡li †cÖgwew”QbœZv| †cÖwgK-†cÖwgKvi cvi¯úwiK fv‡jvevmv G-hy‡Mi A`„k¨ ˆ`Z¨ wb‡q‡Q niY K‡i| †cÖwgK Rv‡b bv †m fv‡jvev‡m wKbv Zvi

gvbmx‡K, †cÖwgKvI cvq bv Zvi wRÁvmvi †Kv‡bv DËi| ZvB Kvgy¨i bvwqKv hLb bvqK‡K cÖkœ K‡i, ÔZzwg wK Avgvq fv‡jvev‡mvÕ, Zvi DË‡i bvqK fv‡e GBK_v : ÔI replied, much as before, that her question meant nothing or next to nothing, but I supposed I didn’tÕ. G-Kv‡j `v¤úZ¨ †cÖ‡g †`Lv w`‡q‡Q `yg©i m‡›`n I Mfxi Awek¦vm, evrmj¨-†cÖg evwYwR¨K g~j¨ †PZbvq wbcwZZ n‡q‡Q cÖej Pv‡ci gy‡L| hyM‡ji wew”QbœZv gvby‡li †PZbvq m„wó K‡i‡Q wb‡e©` Avi wbtm½Zv| †cÖg-wew”QbœZvi d‡j wejyß nq e¨w³i AvšÍtgvbweK `vwqZ¡‡PZbv| Ggb gb¯ÍvwË¡K Ae¯’vq Kwe D”PviY K‡ib GBK_v : fv‡jv‡e‡m †`wLqvwQ †g‡qgvby‡l‡i, Ae‡njv KÕ‡i Avwg †`wLqvwQ †g‡qgvby‡l‡i, N„Yv KÕ‡i †`wLqvwQ †g‡qgvby‡l‡i; (Rxebvb›` `vk, Ô†evaÕ) Ñ Ges Ae‡k‡l mewKQy †Q‡o wZwb P‡j Av‡mb Avcb ü`‡qi Kv‡Q Ges g‡g© g‡g© n‡Z _v‡Kb GKvKx| †cÖgwew”Qbœ GB Rxebvb›`B iƒcmx evsjv-ebjZv †mb Kve¨ch©v‡q G‡m †cÖ‡gi Aaiv evYx‡Z wbgMœ n‡jb, Gevi wZwb nZvkvi AY©e cvwo w`‡Z nv‡Z Zz‡j wb‡jb †cÖ‡gi nvj| †jvKcyiv‡Yi K¼veZx, KvÂbgvjv, P›`ªgvjv, gvwbKgvjv, k•Lgvjv Avi ebjZv-myiÄbvmy‡PZbv-k¨vgjxiv Kwe‡K wb‡q †M‡jb †cÖ‡gi Aaivgvayix‡jv‡K Ñ Gevi bvixiv Zuv‡K †Q‡o P‡j hvq bv| eis †`q `yÕ`‡Ði kvwšÍ Avi Zviv n‡q I‡V Avkv I Avk¦v‡mi wPivqZ Drm : AwZ`~i mgy‡`ªi Õci nvj †f‡O †h bvweK nviv‡q‡Q w`kv meyR Nv‡mi †`k hLb †m †Pv‡L †`‡L `viæwPwb-Øx‡ci wfZi, †Zgwb †`‡LwQ Zv‡i AÜKv‡i; e‡j‡Q †m, ÔGZw`b †Kv_vq wQ‡jb?Õ cvwLi bx‡oi g‡Zv †PvL Zz‡j bv‡Uv‡ii ebjZv †mb| (Rxebvb›` `vk, ÔebjZv †mbÕ) Ñ Gevi †cÖg Z_v bvixi K_v †R‡M _v‡K Zuvi wPË‡jv‡K Ñ ZvB bv‡Uvi †_‡K P‡j †M‡jI AÜKv‡i Zuvi gy‡LvgywL e‡m _v‡K ebjZv †mb wKsev myiÄbvi Rb¨ Zuvi AšÍM©Z AvKzwZ nq GiKg : myiÄbv, IBLv‡b †h‡qv bv‡Kv Zzwg, †ev‡jvbv‡Kv K_v IB hye‡Ki mv‡_; wd‡i G‡mv myiÄbv : bÿ‡Îi iƒcvwj Av¸b fiv iv‡Z; wd‡i G‡mv GB gv‡V, †XD‡q; wd‡i G‡mv ü`‡q Avgvi; `~i †_‡K `~‡iÑ Av‡iv `~‡i hye‡Ki mv‡_ †h‡qv bv‡Kv Avi| (Rxebvb›` `vk, ÔAvKvkjxbvÕ) Rxebvb›` `v‡ki KweZvq AbycÖ‡e‡ki bvbvgvwÎK c_ Avwe®‹vi Kiv m¤¢e| Zuvi KweZvq AÜKvi a‡i GwM‡q †M‡j cvIqv hv‡e GKUv cÖk¯Í c_, wPÎiƒcgqZv wb‡q AMÖmi n‡jI cvIqv hv‡e GKUv ¯^Zš¿ ivRc_| Z‡e we‡ePbv Kwi, `„pfv‡e, we‡køwlZ wÎc‡_i AwfhvÎx n‡j Aejxjvq AbycÖ‡ek Kiv hv‡e Rxebvb‡›`i KweZvi gnvc„w_ex‡Z| r

cÖeÜ

iex›`ªbv‡_i K‡qKwU AMÖwš’Z cÎ f‚wgKv I UxKv :

f‚uBqv BKevj iex›`ªbv_, 1877 : †R¨vwZwi›`ªbv_ VvKzi K…Z †cbwmj-†¯‹P Aej¤^‡b MM‡b›`ªbv_ VvKzi KZ©K „ Aw¼Z

iPbvejxi m¤úv`K PviæP›`ª fÆvPvh© wPwVcÎ cÖKv‡ki m~Pbvj‡Mœ jÿ K‡i‡Qb : ÔKwei gvbm‡jv‡Ki A‡bK gn‡ji inm¨ KzwÂKv GB wPwVc‡Îi g‡a¨B †Mvcb Av‡Q|Õ

wei cÖqv‡Yi `yeQi Av‡M wek¦fviZx MÖš’-cÖKvk mwgwZi D‡`¨v‡M iex›`ª-iPbvejx cÖKv‡ki m~Pbv n‡qwQj 1939-G| iex›`ªbv‡_i ZË¡veav‡b 7 LÐ cÖKvk cvq; 8g LÐ gy`ª‡Yi Av‡MB wZwb cÖqvZ nb| AvR bvMv` 33 LÐ (+ 2 LÐ APwjZ LÐ) cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| Kwei e¨w³MZ wPwVcÎ wZb L‡Ð (wQbœcÎ, fvbywms‡ni cÎvejx Ges c‡_ I c‡_i cÖv‡šÍ) wZwb wb‡RB m¤úv`bv K‡i cÖKvk K‡ib 1319 †_‡K 1345 e½v‡ãi g‡a¨| iPbvejxi m¤úv`K PviæP›`ª fÆvPvh© wPwVcÎ cÖKv‡ki m~Pbvj‡Mœ jÿ K‡i‡Qb : ÔKwei gvbm‡jv‡Ki A‡bK gn‡ji inm¨ KzwÂKv GB wPwVc‡Îi g‡a¨B †Mvcb Av‡Q|Õ Kwei cÖqv‡Yi eQiLv‡b‡Ki g‡a¨B (1349 e½vã) L‡Ð L‡Ð wPwVc‡Îi cÖKvkbv ïiæ nq| 1319-G Kwei †bv‡ej cyi¯‹vi-jv‡fi GK eQi Av‡M wQbœcÎ cÖKvk cvq| kZvwaK eQ‡i wek¦fviZx MÖš’b-wefvM wPwVc‡Îi cuwPkwUi †ewk LÐ †ei Ki‡Z mg_© nqwb| 1411 e½vã ch©šÍ wPwVcÎ gyw`ªZ n‡q‡Q gvÎ 19 LÐ| Zuvi wPwVc‡Îi g~j¨ m¤ú‡K© Kwe wb‡RB m‡PZb wQ‡jb| wPwV cvVv‡bvi Av‡M Kwei mwPe Abywjwc Ki‡Zb| Kwei wb‡Ri nv‡Z-†jLv g~j wPwV cÖvcK‡K cvVv‡bv n‡Zv Avi mwPeK…Z Abywjwc msiÿY Kiv n‡Zv| Avgv‡`i aviYv, 1913 mv‡j †bv‡ej cyi¯‹vi cvIqvi ci †_‡KB wPwVi Abywjwc mh‡Zœ iwÿZ n‡Zv| KwecyÎ i_x›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii 1921 †_‡K 1951 ch©šÍ wek¦fviZxi Kg©mwP‡ei (†iwR÷ªvi?) KZ©e¨cvj‡bi mg‡q wPwVc‡Îi AweKj bKj msiÿ‡Yi KvR myPviæiƒ‡c cvwjZ nq| c‡i wkebvivqY ivq iex›`ªfe‡bi Aa¨ÿ n‡q AvaywbK c×wZ‡Z k„•Ljve×fv‡e wPwVcÎ, d‡UvMÖvd-†b‡MwUf I Ab¨vb¨ ¯§viK mvgMÖxi K¨vUvjM I dvBj ˆZwi K‡ib|

iex›`ªfeb gnv‡dRLvbv I MÖš’vMv‡i †jvKe‡ji ¯^íZvi Kvi‡YB m¤¢eZ wPwVcÎ m¤úv`bv-cÖKvkbvi axiMwZ| wPwVcÎ I Ab¨vb¨ iPbvewj msKjb I m¤úv`bvq eªZx n‡qwQ‡jb cywjbwenvix †mb, KvbvB mvgšÍ, †kvfbjvj M‡½vcva¨vq, wPËiÄb †è, RMw`›`ª †fŠwgK, k•L †Nvl, mywegj jvwnox, cÖkvšÍKzgvi cvj, Abv_bv_ `vm cÖgyL| mvabv gRyg`vi, fe‡Zvl `Ë, wbiÄb miKvi, †èxcÖmv` e‡›`¨vcva¨vq, myZcv fÆvPvh©, †MvcvjP›`ª ivq, mgxi †mb¸ß, AwgÎm~`b fÆvPvh©, †MŠiP›`ª mvnv, †kvfb †mvg, mvMi wgÎ, KzYvj wmsn cÖgyL wPwVc‡Îi wewfbœ LÐ msKjb I m¤úv`bv K‡i‡Qb| wek¦fviZx wek¦we`¨vjq, we`¨vfeb I cvVfe‡bi wkÿK‡ì msKjb Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ Kiv nqwb ev hvqwb| iPbvejxi cÖ_g L‡Ð msKwjZ qy‡ivc-cÖevmxi cÎ (1288 e½vã) e¨w³MZ wPwV bq; fviZx-m¤úv`K wØ‡R›`ªbv_ VvKzi‡K †cÖwiZ ågYKvwnwbi ai‡b †jLv bwU `xN© cÎwbeÜ IB msMÖn| evsjvq cÖ_g PjwZ fvlvq iwPZ e‡j IB cÎvewj we‡kl Zvrch©en| wPwVi fvlv-wel‡q Kwe wb‡RB e‡j‡Qb : Avgvi g‡Z †h fvlvq wPwV †jLv DwPZ †mB fvlv‡ZB †jLv nBqv‡Q| AvZ¥xq¯^Rb‡ì mwnZ gyLvgywL GKcÖKvi fvlvq K_v Knv I Zuvnviv †Pv‡Li Avovj nBevgvÎ Avi-GK fvlvq K_v Knv AmsMZ ewjqv †eva nq| wek¦fviZxi iex›`ª-iPbvejxi wØZxq L‡Ð MÖw_Z wPwVcÎ‡K m¤úv`K ÔwbeÜÕ AwfwnZ K‡i‡Qb| Aóg L‡Ð KweeÜz †jv‡K›`ªbv_ cvwjZ‡K (1865-1915) †jLv wPwV PviwU ÔcÎvjvcÕ wk‡ivbv‡g M„nxZ (1298-99 e½vã)| Ebwesk L‡Ð GKzkwU, wesk L‡Ð ivwkqvi wPwV‡Z †Pv‡ÏvwU, GKwesk L‡Ð Q›` MÖ‡š’ mvZwU Ges mßwesk L‡Ð cuvPwU cÎ msKwjZ| k•L †Nvl I Ab¨vb¨-m¤úvw`Z ØvwÎsk L‡Ð (1419) K‡qKwU wPwV MÖš’-mgv‡jvPbv bv‡g gyw`ªZ n‡q‡Q| m¤úv`K PviæP›`ª fÆvPvh© D‡jøL K‡iwQ‡jb : ÔwQbœcÎÕ, Ôfvbywms‡ni cÎvejxÕ Ges Ôc‡_ I c‡_i cÖv‡šÍÕ fwel¨‡Z Ôiex›`ª-iPbvejxÕi GK ev GKvwaK L‡Ð Ab¨vb¨ wPwVc‡Îi mwnZ gyw`ªZ nB‡e| (ÔweÁwßÕ, lo&wesk LÐ, wek¦fviZx) GB cwiKíbv ev¯Íe iƒc cvqwb| ØvwÎsk [32] L‡Ð ÔMÖš’-mgv‡jvPbvÕ wefv‡M K‡qKwU cÎ/ cÎvsk msKwjZ| AvkvjZv wmsn‡K †jLv GKwU wPwV cÖ_g cÖKvk cvq iex›`ªexÿvq; c‡i †`k kvi`xq msL¨vq (1402) cybgy©w`ªZ| m~Pbv I †klvsk ev` w`‡q IB wPwV iƒc †c‡q‡Q MÖš’-mgv‡jvPbvi| e‡›` Avjx wgqv, KvwšÍP›`ª †Nvl, a~R©wUcÖmv` gy‡Lvcva¨vq, wngvsïf‚lY miKvi, cÖ‡ev‡a›`ybv_ VvKzi, my‡i›`ªbv_ ˆgÎ, †ngjZv †èx, kPxb †mb, †`‡ek `vk, cïcwZ fÆvPvh© cÖgyL‡K †jLv wPwV iPbvejxi 32 L‡Ð MÖš’-mgv‡jvPbvq cwiYZ; wbiæ³ cwÎKvi Ab¨Zg m¤úv`K †cÖ‡g›`ª wgÎ‡K †jLv wPwVI MÖš’-mgv‡jvPbv| wPwVcÎ I MÖš’-mgv‡jvPbvi cv_©K¨ m¤ú‡K© mK‡ji aviYv GK bq| wek¦fviZx MÖš’b-wefvM QvovI Kj¨vYx wek¦we`¨vjq, cwðge½ evsjv AvKv‡`wg, XvKvi evsjv GKv‡Wwg, cwðge½ miKv‡ii Z_¨ I ms¯‹…wZ wefvMmn cwðge‡½i I XvKvi GKvwaK cÖKvkbx iex›`ªbv‡_i wPwVcÎ MÖš’vKv‡i cÖKvk K‡i‡Q|1 cvÙxKv 1. iex›`ªbv‡_i GK¸”Q cÎ, XvKv : evsjv GKv‡Wgx, 1986; iex›`ªbv‡_i wPwV/ cviæj †èx‡K, bw`qv : Kj¨vYx

wek¦we`¨vjq, 1987; Kj¨vYx‡qly cÖkvšÍ, cwðge½ evsjv AvKv‡`wg, 1411 e½vã; f³ I Kwe, IB, 1413 e½vã; wb‡Ri K_v, KjKvZv : wgÎ I †Nvl, 1418 e½vã; iex›`ªbv‡_i AcÖKvwkZ cÎvejx, XvKv : cvVK mgv‡ek, 2001; weØ¾b‡ì Kv‡Q †jLv iex›`ªbv‡_i AMÖwš’Z wPwVcÎ, KjKvZv : cÎ‡jLv, 2011; iex›`ªbv_ : Zuvi wPwV, Zuv‡K wPwV, XvKv : g~a©b¨, 2011; iex›`ªbv‡_i wPwV, f‚‡c›`ªbv_ mvb¨vj‡K, KjKvZv : cÎ‡jLv, 2013 BZ¨vw`| GLv‡b msKwjZ wPwV¸‡jv AvR bvMv` Kwei †Kv‡bv eB‡q Qvcv nqwb| mvgwqKcÎ, cÎcÖvcK‡ì AvZ¥Rxebx-¯§„wZK_v Ges Zuv‡ì eBcÎ †_‡K Gme msMÖn K‡iwQ| Abyózc, †KviK, †`k, cÖevmx, eB‡qi †`k, evnv, iex›`ªfvebv, iex›`ªexÿv, kvwšÍwb‡KZb cwÎKv I mvwnZ¨ BZ¨vw` mvgwqKcÎ †_‡K wPwV¸‡jv msMÖw_Z| wek¦fviZxi iex›`ªfeb gnv‡dRLvbvq msiwÿZ bw_ †_‡KI K‡qKwU cÎ †c‡qwQ| wZwik †_‡K Avwk eQi eq‡m †jLv (1891-1940) Gme c‡Î Kwei bvbv fvebv‰ewP‡Îï cwiPq Av‡Q| cÎvewji welq : bZzb cwÎKv cÖKv‡ki cwiKíbv; c~e©e½ †_‡K MÖvgxY Qov msMÖn K‡i †Ìqvi Aby‡iva; my`xN©Kvj c‡i †hvMv‡hvM cybt¯’vc‡bi ci ¯‹z‡ji eÜz‡K Avgš¿Y; bexb Kwe-h‡kvcÖv_x©‡K Zuvi cÖ_g Kv‡eï mxgve×Zv awi‡q †Ìqv; g‡Zi wgj bv-_vKvq kÖ‡×q †jL‡Ki eB‡qi mgv‡jvPbv †jLvi AcviMZv Ávcb; Pxb mdiKv‡j wek¦fviZxi I ˆPwbK Aa¨vcK-wewbg‡qi m¤¢vebv; bvU‡Ki cÖ_g Awfb‡qi c~e©gyn~‡Z© A`j-e`j I bZzb PwiÎ ms‡hvRb Ges Mv‡bi msL¨v Kgv‡bv; b‡ikP›`ª †mb¸‡ßi †jLvq Kwei m¤ú‡K© AbywPZ aviYv †cvlY wel‡q Aby‡hvM; mdim½x mybxwZKzgvi P‡Ævcva¨vq‡K mdibvgv cÖKv‡ki civgk©`vb; cÖg_bv_ wekxi Kve¨ m¤ú‡K© wgkÖ gZvgZ cÖKvk; Abœ`vk¼i iv‡qi ivLx Kve¨ cv‡Vi cÖwZwµqv Ávcb Ges ms‡kva‡bi civgk© cÖ`vb; RM`xk ¸ßi Kve¨ m¤ú‡K© AwfgZ `vb; wn›`y‡ì †jLvq wn›`y-g‡bvfve cÖKv‡ki wel‡q gymjgvb‡ì Awf‡hvM-cÖm‡½ ÿzä Kwei cÖwZwµqv; evbvb-ms¯‹vi wel‡q wkíx AwmZKzgvi nvj`v‡ii cÖeÜ wel‡q gZcÖKvk; kvwšÍwb‡KZ‡bi R‰bKv cÖv³b QvÎxi mšÍv‡bi bvgKi‡Yi Aby‡iv‡a weiw³ cÖKvk K‡i bvgKiY; KvgvÿxcÖmv` P‡Ævcva¨v‡qi KweZvi eB g‡bv‡hvM bv-w`‡q c‡o cÖ_‡g GKevi gZvgZ `vb Ges c‡i g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q c‡o Avevi Dj‡Uv AwfgZ cÖKvk BZ¨vw`| wPwV¸‡jv Kwe wj‡LwQ‡jb wkjvB`n, †Rvovmuv‡Kv, wcwKs, kvwšÍwb‡KZb, gs`y I Kvwj¤úO †_‡K| cÖvc‡Ki wVKvbv : KjKvZv, XvKv, ivRkvnx, Kzwóqv, jL‡bŠ I wc‡ivRcyi| ¯^xK…wZ : Avjg †Lvi‡k`, gvneyeyj nK, evwZNi, iex›`ªfeb I †U‡Mvi wimvP© Bbw÷wUDU|

wPwVcÎ

kÖxkP›`ª gRyg`vi‡K cÎ : 1

[1891]

åvZt, Avgv‡`i wnZev`x e‡j GKLvwb mvßvwnK msev`cÎ †e‡iv‡”P| GKwU eo iK‡gi K¤úvwb Ly‡j Kv‡R cÖe„Ë nIqv

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KZK msMÖnI nBqv‡Q| Avcwb hw` c~eŸ©e½ nB‡Z Avcbv‡ì AvZ¥xq cwiwPZ Kvnv‡iv wbKU nB‡Z h_vm¤¢e AvniY Kwiqv w`‡Z cv‡ib Z eo DcKvi nq| Qov hZB A_©nxb mvgvb¨ Zz”Q Ges PwjZ nDK bv †Kb Avgvi wbKU Zvnv eûg~j¨| GB mg¯Í Qovi g‡a¨ Avgv‡ì mgv‡Ri A‡bK cÖvPxb BwZnvm I `„k¨ cÖ”Qbœ nBqv Av‡Q Ges A‡bK Zz”Q K_vi g‡a¨ Mfxi Kwe‡Z¡i Av¯^v` cvIqv hvq| hw` Giƒc msMÖnÿg Kvnv‡KI cvb Z‡e Zuvnv‡K ewjqv w`‡eb †hb MÖvg¨Zv A_ev KziæwP †`v‡li Rb¨ †Kvb Qov ev` bv †Ìqv nq Ges A_©nxb kãmgwó‡KI mvgvb¨ Ávb bv K‡ib| Avcwb hw` Ggb Kvnv‡KI bv Rv‡bb, Z‡e Ab_©K Kó Kwi‡eb bv Ges Avgv‡KI gv¾©bv Kwi‡eb| Avcbvi wbKU nB‡Z we`vq jIqvi c‡iI Avwg wKQyKvj KwjKvZvq wQjvg wKš‘ Kv‡R e¨¯Í wQjvg ewjqv Avcbvi mwnZ Avi †`Lv Kwi‡Z cvwi bvB| Avwg GB Nb el©vq GLb †ev‡U, †MvivB b`xi Dc‡i| GLvb nB‡Z `yB Pvwi w`‡bi g‡a¨ Qvwoe Ñ A‡bK¸wj †Qv‡Uv †Qv‡Uv b`xi ga¨ w`qv bvbv ¯’v‡b ågY Kwi‡Z nB‡e| GZw`‡b †eva Kwi Wv³vi ivq2 gm~wi nB‡Z wdwiqv Avwmqv‡Qb| Avcbviv mK‡j †Kgb Av‡Qb? kÖxiex›`ªbv_ VvKzi Mrs. P. K. Roy Ballygunj Circular Rd. Calcutta cÎ : 3 AÿqKzgvi wgÎ‡K Iu 1. Dwarkanath Tagore Lane Jorasanko, 10th January 1895 16B gvN, g½jevi [29 Rvbyqvwi, 1895]

cÎ : 2 mijv ivq (wg‡mm wc. †K. ivq)-†K wkjvB`n| KzgviLvwj 17 Avlvp 1300 [1 RyjvB 1893]

Iu gvbbx‡qly BsivwR‡Z †hgb Nursery Rhymes Av‡Q Avwg †mBiƒc evsjvi mg¯Í cÖ‡`‡ki Qov1 msMÖn Kwi‡Z cÖe„Ë nBqvwQ| KZK

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Kwiqv cybivq fve Kwi‡Z cv‡i| hw` GLv‡b Avwmqv iwe‡K iæ×ü`q, M¤¢xi ev MweŸ©Z g‡b Ki Z‡e Avgvi wb›`v †`kgq ivóª KwiI| †mB iwe, †h, BwZnvm, A¼ ev f‚‡Mv‡ji mgq †kÖYxi meŸ©‡k‡l nuv Kwiqv ewmqv _vwKZ, †m AvR `yÕGK QÎ KweZv wjwL‡Z cvwiqv‡Q ewjqv wK †Zvgvi wbKU MeŸ© Kwi‡Z cv‡i| Zzwg Avgvi evj¨Kv‡ji AÁZv †`wLqv KZ nvwmqvQ, Ñ †Zvgvi Kv‡Q weÁZv Mv¤¢xh©¨ †`LvB‡Z j¾v †eva nB‡e bv? †eva nq kxNª Zzwg GKw`b GLv‡b Avwm‡e; Zvnv nB‡j eoB mš‘ó nBe| AvR Avi AwaK wjwLjvg bv| iwe cÎ : 4 mZ¨cÖmv` M‡½vcva¨vq‡K [kvwšÍwb‡KZb dvêyb 1308] gvP© 1902

Iu fvB mZ¨ GLvbKvi we`¨vj‡qi †h Ni n‡”P Zvi Qv‡ì R‡b¨ Uvwj Ges †d«‡gi KvV I Rvb&jv ìRv †Kbevi R‡b¨ Avï‡K bM` UvKv w`‡j †m kxNª wK‡b G‡b KvR mvi‡Z cvi‡e| bB‡j e„wói mgq Avm&‡P, gvwUi †`qvj ay‡q †M‡j we¯Íi †jvKmvb co‡e Ñ QvZUv AwZ kxNª nIqv PvB Ñ Avgiv eo f‡q f‡q AvwQ| Avgv‡ì we, cvBb& †UwjMÖvd Avwc‡m KvR K‡i Ñ my‡ib ejwQj| †UwjMÖvd Avwc‡mi K¤§©Pvixiv Lye m¯Ívq evBwmK&j& Avbv‡Z cv‡i| i_x GKUv evBwm‡K¬i R‡b¨ fvwi e¨vKzj n‡q c‡o‡Q Ñ cvBb Zv‡ì Avwcm †_‡K wK k¯Ívq †RvMvo K‡i w`‡Z cv‡i bv? GLv‡b KuvK‡ii Dci Kushion tyre n‡jB fvj nq Ñ Pneumatic tyre¸‡jv dz‡Uv n‡j A‡bK nv½vg| GZw`b AwZw_ wQj e‡j mgq cvBwb Ñ AvR kvšÍvi R‡b¨ DËi wj‡L cvVvjyg| †L‡qQ †h kvjMg bv Kwiqv Kvj-Mg GB Avwg eûfvM¨ gvwb, Zvi c‡i wgwV wgwV wj‡LQ †mœ‡ni wPwV Zvi g~j¨ wK Av‡Q bv Rvwb! Zz”Q GB Dcnvi †K RvwbZ Kgjvi cÙm‡ivei w`‡e bvov, kvj&Mg gUb&‡iv‡ó Kwei Aai I‡ô Lywj w`‡e Kv‡eï †dvqviv! wKš‘ eo`v`v fvB, eo g‡b `ytL cvB Ñ G †L` hv‡e bv cÖvY †M‡j Ñ ïwb‡Z nBj GI fvMëvb †Zvgv‡iI bv‡Pi †`vmi bvwn †g‡j! bv nq bv nj eywo ZeyI Z SzwoSzwo bvwZbx‡Z NiwU †evSvB, hv‡iB jB‡e evwQ †mB Z DwV‡e bvwP bvwPevi fvebv Z bvB! G K_v fzwj‡j h‡e eySv‡q wK Avi n‡e waK Z‡e †gvi kvj&M‡g, eywSjvg, ZiKvix hZ †nvK& ìKvix Zvnv‡Z KweZ¡ bvwn R‡g| Avi bv Kwie fzj, Gevi em‡šÍ dzj Zzwjqv Avwbe fwi Wvjv, kvj&Mg †cuqvRKwj R‡j w`‡q RjvÄwj cvVvBe eKz‡ji gvjv!

RMbœv_‡K †ev‡jv Avgvi R‡b¨ AvwjM‡oi gvLb Pvi c¨v‡KU cvwV‡q †`q †hb| evBwmK&j&Uvi Rb¨ GKUz ZvwM` †Kv‡iv Z Ñ i_x cv‡e e‡j Lye Avkv K‡i wQj wKš‘ Wv³vi PvUz‡h¨ Zv‡K RywU‡q w`‡Z cv‡i wb e‡j †m fvwi wegl© n‡q †M‡Q| bZzb¸‡jv A‡bK `vg w`‡q †Kbevi mvg_©¨ Z Avgv‡ì †bB Ñ hw` second hand wK¤^v cvB‡bi Øviv †UwjMÖvd Avwcm †_‡K m¯Ívq †RvMvo K‡i w`‡Z cvi Zvn‡j myweav nq| Avïi m¤^‡Ü GKUz we‡ePbv †Kv‡iv Ñ Zv‡K †W‡K G‡b KZ wK PvB †mB‡U wVK K‡i wb‡q hv‡Z Avi wKQygvÎ wej¤^ bv nq †mB iKg eë¯’v †Kv‡iv| we`¨vj‡qi KvR †ek P‡j hv‡”P| iwegvgv cÎ : 5 mZ¨cÖmv` M‡½vcva¨vq‡K [kvwšÍwb‡KZb] 2 b‡f¤î 1909 Iu fvB mZ¨ Z‡e Avmj K_vUv †Zvgv‡K ewj| †Rvovmuv‡Kvi m‡½ Zzwg m¤^Ü wew”Qbœ K‡i P‡j hv”P G‡Z Avgvi ü`q †Kv‡bvg‡ZB cÖmbœ n‡”P bv| GK Z AvRb¥Kv‡ji eÜb Ñ evwoi mg¯Í BuUKv‡Vi m‡½ Rwo‡q i‡q‡Q, Zvi c‡i †Zvgvi Dc‡i Lye GKUv wbf©‡ii m¤úK© ùvwo‡q †M‡Q| AgwbB Z †Rvovmuv‡Kv k~b¨cÖvq Ñ Zzwg ILv‡b _vK&‡j Zey g‡b nq evwo e‡j GKUv c`v_© Av‡Q Ñ Avgvi †Q‡j‡g‡qiv mK‡jB †Zvgv‡K †hgb AvZ¥xq e‡j Rv‡b

MM‡b›`ªbv_ VvKzi-Aw¼Z mZ¨cÖmv` M‡½vcva¨vq

Ggb Avi KvD‡KB bv| Zzwg P‡j †M‡j evwoUv A‡bKUv cvš’kvjvi gZ n‡q ùvov‡e| we‡klZt i_x‡K gd¯^‡jB KvUv‡Z n‡e Ñ Zvn‡j Avi evwo Kv‡K wb‡q iBj! GB R‡b¨B hZw`b cviv hvq †Zvgv‡K GLv‡b a‡i ivLevi †Póv Kiv hvw”Qj| wKš‘ ïay †Kej Ni ìRv wb‡q Z †Zvgvi NiKbœv Pj&‡e bv| †Zvgvi wb‡Ri mevB iBj Ab¨Î Ñ †Zvgv‡K GLv‡b Ave× †i‡L †Kej Kó †Ìqv| †mB R‡b¨B †Zvgv‡K QywU w`‡Z nj| †Rvovmuv‡Kv Z Avgv‡ì c‡ÿ duvK n‡q G‡m‡Q Gev‡i Zzwg †M‡j Av‡iv duvK n‡q hv‡e| Avwg Avi wZb Pvi w`‡bi g‡a¨B KjKvZvq hve| Zvi Av‡MB wK Zzwg †h‡Z PvI? Avwg Lye m¤¢e kwb wK iweev‡i wM‡q †cuŠQe| my‡ib‡K †ev‡jv †gvwnbxi KvQ †_‡K I K…wle¨v¼ †_‡K †h UvKv MZ erm‡i avi wb‡qwQjyg wØcyiv Zvi Z…Zxqvsk †`bv ¯^xKvi K‡i wb‡q‡Qb| Avwg Zuv‡K GK iKg K‡i eywS‡q w`‡qwQ| †e½j e¨v‡¼i †`bvi myÌ kZKiv 9 UvKv wn‡m‡e aiv n‡e| K…Zx cÖfw… Zi †`bv Zuviv wVK ¯^xKvi Ki‡Z cÖ¯Z ‘ bb Ñ Zuviv e‡jb IUv Zuv‡ì m¤§wZ wb‡q †Ìqv nqwb| Permanent lease AvKv‡i †jLvcov Kivi cÖ¯vÍ e K‡i L‡Mb‡K GKUv wPwV wj‡LwQjyg Zvi †Kv‡bv DËi cvBwb| my‡ib‡K †ev‡jv K…wle¨v¼Uv‡K wjwg‡UW K¤úvwb K‡i Zzj‡& Z Avi †hb †`wi Kiv bv nq| GLwb Ii GKUv memorandum ˆZwi Kievi fvi hw` L‡Mb‡K †Ìqv hvq Z fvj nq| i_xi bx‡Pi N‡ii Avjgvwi‡Z KuvP emv‡bv n‡q‡Q wK? gxivi NiwU‡K Ii †ek g‡bi gZ K‡i mvwR‡q w`‡Z B”Qv Kwi| hw` †Kv‡bv Avm&ev‡ei Afve _v‡K Zvn‡j †mUv c~iY K‡i †èvi eë¯’v †Kv‡iv| H NiwU‡K wb‡Ri Ni e‡j g‡b K‡i hv‡Z Ii gb †ek e‡m hvq ZvB K‡i w`‡Z n‡e| †eva nq `wÿ‡Yi ìRvq ci`v K‡i w`‡j Ii N‡ii privacy _v‡K| bZzb evwoi †`vZjvq gxivi †kvevi Ni wVK n‡q †M‡Q? Avgvi †h N‡i emevi [eë¯’v] K‡iQ †mLv‡b GKUv B‡jK&wUªK Av‡jvi Ges Zvi c~‡ei w`‡K nvd ìRvi e‡›`ve¯Í Ki‡Z n‡e Ñ GB fviUv KvD‡K w`‡qv| H N‡i cvLvi GKUv f‚wgKv K‡i †i‡L w`‡Z †ev‡jv Ñ Gi c‡i Mi‡gi mgq cvLv LvwU‡q w`‡jB Pj&‡e| RMbœv_ †ePviv g‡i wM‡q g‡b eo †e`bv †eva KiwP| Avgvi cÖwZ Ii Lye GKUv wbf©i I fw³ wQj Ñ Ii gZ Avi KvD‡K kxNª cve bv| 16B KvwË©K 1316 BwZ iwegvgv cÎ : 6 Kvwj`vm ivq‡K †Rvovmuv‡Kv [6 b‡f¤î 1906]

Kj¨vYx‡qly G¸wj †Zvgvi KuvPv eq‡mi †jLv Ñ Bnvi Dc‡i AwaK fimv ivwL‡qv bv Ñ µ‡g e‡qve„w× I Af¨v‡mi mwnZ hLb †Zvgvi kw³ cwiYwZ jvf Kwi‡e ZLb evwn‡ii mgv‡jvPbvi cÖwZ `„wócvZ Kwi‡qv| GLb A‡bKw`b ch©šÍ wb›`v cÖksmvq †Zvgvi †Kv‡bv DcKvi nB‡e bv| hw` Kve¨ iPbvq †Zvgvi AšÍ‡ii AbyivM _v‡K Z‡e Ab¨ †Kv‡bv dj jv‡fi AvKv•ÿv g‡b bv ivwLqv AvcvZZt †mB Avb‡›` wjwL‡Z _vK, c‡i mgq Dcw¯’Z nB‡j cvVK mgv‡Ri mg‡ÿ Dcw¯’Z nB‡j mv_©KZv jvf Kwi‡e| BwZ Ñ 22 †k KvwË©K, 1313 kÖxiex›`ªbv_ VvKzi

cÎ : 7 ïavsïweKvk ivq‡K Iu

wkjvB`n KzgviLvwj 2 ˆR¨ô

mwebq wb‡e`b Avwg eûc~‡eŸ© Avcbvi c~eŸ©c‡Îi DËi w`qvwQ †Kb cvb bvB eywS‡Z cvwi‡ZwQ bv| †Mvwe›`gvwY‡Kï Rxeewj wb‡la BwZnv‡m †Kv_vI bvB, Dnv Avgvi KíbvgvÎ| ÔivRwl©Õ bvgK Dcb¨v‡mi cwiwkófv‡M †h BwZnvmUzKz mwbœ‡ewkZ nBqv‡Q †Mvwe›`gvwYK¨ m¤^‡Ü Zvnvi AwaK Avwg Avi wKQyB Rvwb bv| åvZvi mwnZ hy× Kwi‡Z Awb”QyK nIqvq wZwb ivR¨ Z¨vM Kwiqv PÆMÖvg I AvivKv‡b †¯^”Qvµ‡g wbeŸ©vmb hvcb KwiqvwQ‡jb G K_v BwZnv‡m cvIqv hvq| kÖxiex›`ªbv_ VvKzi cÎ : 8 ïavsïweKvk ivq‡K Iu †evjcyi wcÖqe‡ily cvV¨cy¯‡Í Ki ZvwjKv †Kb Pvwn‡Z‡Qb? cvV¨cy¯K Í Av‡Q †Kv_ vq †h ZvwjKv wè? †Q‡j‡ì covB‡Z covB‡Z cÖZ¨n cvV¨cy¯K Í ˆZwi nBqv DwV‡Z‡Q| †Kej wbgœ‡kÖYx‡Z BsivwR †mvcvb Ges ms¯‹Z … wkÿvi Rb¨ ms¯‹Z … cÖ‡ek eBLvwb eënvi Kiv nBqv _v‡K| Avcwb A_ev evgb`vmevey hw` GK mßvnKvj GLvbKvi wbqg I cÖYvjx †`wLqv hvb Z‡e mg¯Í eywS‡eb, bwn‡j cÎ wjwLqv eySv‡bv Am¤¢e| Z‡e nwiPiY‡K we`vq Kwiqv †Ìqv hvK&| cjvZK †Q‡jwUi Lei wK? Zvnvi Giƒc cÖew„ Ë I ˆbcyY¨ Av‡Q c~‡eŸ© AvfvmgvÎ cvB‡j Avgiv cÖ¯Z ‘ _vwK‡Z cvwiZvg| cjvq‡bi m¤¢eciZv KíbvI Kwi bvB| BwZ 27 †k dvêyb, 1313

fe`xq kÖxiex›`ªbv_ VvKzi

cÎ : 9 AÿqP›`ª miKvi‡K Iu

wkjvB`n bw`qv

kÖ×v¯ú‡`ly webq m¤¢vlYc~eŸ©K wb‡e`b Ñ mvwn‡Z¨i Avmi Z cwiZ¨vM KwiqvwQ| †jLv Ges ejv G‡Kev‡i eÜ nBqv‡Q Zvnv b‡n wKš‘ eÜ Kwievi mgq nBqv‡Q|

mgq †h nBqv‡Q Zvnvi GKUv cÖgvY GB †h wjwL‡Z Avi B”QvB nq bv Ñ wbðqB Zvnvi KviY GB †h kw³ Kwgqv‡Q Ges gb Ab¨ w`‡K wMqv‡Q| kw³i hLb n«vm nq ZLb wnmve Kwiqv Pwj‡Z bv cvwi‡j dZzi nB‡Z nq| †mBRb¨ AvRKvj Pvwiw`K nB‡Z e¨q m‡¼vP KwiqvwQ Ñ Bnv‡Z †jv‡K A‡bK mgq wb›`v K‡i wKš‘ mvg‡_©ï †ewk bevex Kiv Av‡iv AwaK wb›`bxq| Zvi c‡i Avcbvi eB‡qi mgv‡jvPbv Kwi‡Z emv Avgvi c‡ÿ AwkóZv nB‡e| hw` Avcbvi mwnZ mKj As‡k ev A‡bKUv cwigv‡Y g‡Zi wgj nBZ Z‡e wPšÍv KwiZvg bv| mgvR‡K msmvi‡K Avcwb †hw`K nB‡Z †`‡Lb Avwg †mw`K nB‡Z †`wL bv GB Kvi‡Y Avcbv‡K wePvi Kwi‡Z emv Avgv‡K †kvfvB cvB‡e bv| g½j‡K whwb †hfv‡e Dcjwä Kwi‡Z‡Qb wZwb Zvnv‡K †mB fv‡eB cÖKvk Kwi‡eb BnvB fvj; Zvnv‡ZB KvR nB‡e| Zvnvi Dëv c‡_ Kv‡Ri †P‡q AKvR †ewk nq| AšÍZ cÖwZev` Kwievi, ZK© Kwievi cÖew„ Ë Avgvi Avi bvB, Zvnv‡Z †h mgq hvq †m mgqUv e¨q Kwievi gZ m¤^j Avgvi Z †`wL bv| Avcwb Avgvi gvbbxq Ñ `qv Kwiqv Avgv‡K Ggb Aby‡iva Kwi‡eb bv hvnv cvjb Kwi‡Z †M‡j wPËcÖmv` bó nB‡e| Avcwb †Ku`‡y j hvB‡Z B”Qv Kwiqv‡Qb| w¯úªshy³ GKUv Mvwo Avgv‡ì Av‡Q †mUv Ag&wbevm&-RvZxq| Zvnv‡Z GK Ava gvBj P‡j wKš‘ `~‡i hvB‡Z nB‡j Dchy³ Miæ cvB‡eb bv| †Nvovi Mvwo Av‡Q, Zvnvi †Nvov `ywU cÖvPxb, Zvnvw`M‡K `~i hvÎvq jB‡j Zvnv‡ì c‡ÿ gnvcÖqvY nB‡e| hw` m¤¢e g‡b K‡ib Z‡e eo Miæi MvwoUv‡K jBqv GKevi †Póv †`wL‡Z cv‡ib| wKš‘ el©vi mg‡q †Kb? GLb Kv`vi c‡_ eivei †Kv‡bv fvwi Mvwo Pwj‡e wKbv m‡›`n| †cŠl msµvwšÍi †gjvi mgq hw` hvb Z‡e mKj cÖKv‡iB myweav nB‡Z cvwi‡e| BwZ 1jv Avlvp 1318

cÎ : 11 MM‡b›`ªbv_ VvKzi‡K

Avcbvi kÖxiex›`ªbv_ VvKzi

cÎ : 10 cÖevmx-m¤úv`K‡K Iu ... †ek g‡b n‡”Q, G‡ì m‡½ Avgv‡ì h‡_ó NwbôZv n‡e| [weay‡kLi] kv¯¿x gnvkq‡K GLv‡b cvVvb ìKvi Av‡Q| Avgv‡ì cÖ¯vÍ e ï‡b Giv fvwi Lymx n‡q‡Q| GivI GLvb †_‡K Aa¨vcK cvVv‡Z m¤§Z Av‡Q| Zvn‡j wek¦fviZx‡Z Pxbxq fvlv †kL&evi myeë¯’v n‡e| Pxbxq †_‡K nvivb ms¯‹Z … eB‡qi ZR©gviI myweav n‡Z cvi‡e| †eva nq †g gv‡mi †kl ch©šÍ Avgv‡ì GLvbKvi cvjv| Zvic‡i Rvcv‡b Ry‡bi gvSvgvwS| Zvici Rvfv, k¨vg, Kv‡¤^vwWqv cÖfw… Z †kl Ki‡Z RyjvB AvM÷ Ges †m‡Þ¤^‡ii gvSvgvwS jvM‡ZI cv‡i| Zvic‡i †`‡k wdi‡ev, GBiKg Av›`vR KiwQ| iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi 1jv êkvL 1331 14 GwcÖj 1924

†R¨vwZwi›`ªbv_ VvKzi-Aw¼Z MM‡b›`ªbv_ VvKzi

cÖvmw½K Z_¨

Iu Santiniketan Bengal, India [Jan. 1926] Kj¨vYx‡qly M„ncÖ‡ek Av‡iv wKQy e`j K‡i w`jyg| GKwU bZzb Character †hvM K‡iwQ Ñ UzK&wi e‡j †QvU †g‡q| AZ †QvU †g‡q Iiv †RvUv‡Z cvi‡e Z? wKQy wKQy †Qu‡UI w`‡qwQ| eo NbNb Mvb wQj, Kwg‡q w`jyg| †Zvgvi †mB M„ncÖ‡ek eBLvbvq wKQy †RvovZvov K‡iwQjyg Ñ †m¸‡jvI GB Kwci g‡a¨ †hvM K‡i w`‡qv| KwcUv †dir PvB Ñ KviY Qvc‡Z w`‡Z n‡e| AvMvgx 4Vv Zvwi‡L KjKvZvq hve ZLb †Zvgv‡ì m‡½ †gvKvwejvq K_v n‡Z cvi‡e| iweKvKv cÎ : 12 b‡ikP›`ª †mb¸ß‡K KwjKvZv [1927] webq m¤¢vlYc~eŸ©K wb‡e`b mvgvwRK cÖe‡Ü Avcbvi mvnwmKZv †`wLqv Avwg Avcbv‡K cÖksmv Kwi‡ZwQ| †m mgq mgvRweiæ× gZ Am‡¼v‡P cÖKvk Kiv mnR wQj bv| MíiPbvq hwÌ wKQyi cÖksmv Kwi‡Z nq Zvnv fvlv‰e¸Y¨ Ñ Kíbv kw³i Ñ mvgvwRK `ytmvnwmKZv Mímvwn‡Zï gyL¨ I cÖksmv‡hvM¨ cwiPq nB‡Z cv‡i bv| hLb Avcbvi M‡íi ewni weÁvc‡b D³ cÖksmv †`wL‡Z cvB ZLb wew¯§Z nBqvwQjvg Ges †h †Kn Avgv‡K G m¤^‡Ü cÖkœ Kwiqv‡Qb Zuvnvw`M‡K GB Gfv‡eB DËi w`qvwQ| webv cÖ‡kœ G K_v jBqv Av‡jvPbv Kwievi K_v m¤úªwZ ev c~‡eŸ© Avgvi g‡bI D`q nq bvB| Avcbvi mwnZ g‡Zi ev iæwPi cv_©K¨ jBqv Avwg †ÿvf Abyfe Kwi bvB| ÔmvwnZ¨ a¤§©Õ cÖe‡Ü Avwg Avcbv‡K jÿ¨ Kwi bvB; Avcbvi Mí Avcwb wK fvlvq I wKfv‡e wj‡Lb Zvnv Avwg RvwbI bv| mvgwqKc‡Î ev MÖ‡š’ Avcbvi †h Mí ev KweZv cwoqv Avwg j¾v I `ytL †eva KwiqvwQ Avcbvi †jLv Zvnvi AšÍM©Z b‡n| my`xN©Kvj Avcbvi †jLv cwoevi AeKvk nq bvB| hLb Avwg we‡`‡k wQjvg Avcwb Avgv‡K wg_¨vPvix cÖgvY Kwievi Rb¨ we‡kl AvMÖ‡ni mwnZ †Póv Kwiqv‡Qb| G m¤ú‡K© m¤ú~Y© mv‡ÿï A‡cÿvgvÎ K‡ib bvB| nq Avcwb wek¦vm Kwiqv‡Qb Giƒc wg_¨vPvi Avgvi c‡ÿ Am¤¢e b‡n, bq wek¦vm bv Kwiqv wjwLqv‡Qb| Bnv gZ ev iæwPMZ AvPiY b‡n, PwiÎMZ, GB Kvi‡YB Bnv †ÿv‡fi welq| BwZ 13 AMÖnvqY [iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi]

cÎ : 1 wnZev`x : mvßvwnK, cÖ_g cÖKvk 30†k †g 1891| cÖ_g m¤úv`K : K…òKgj fÆvPvh© (1840-1932)| iex›`ªbv_ Rvwb‡q‡Qb, ÔAvgvi †QvUMí †jLvi m~ÎcvZ GLv‡bB|Õ Kwe cÖwZ mßv‡n †QvUMí, mgv‡jvPbv I cÖeÜ wjL‡Zb| ÔAKvj weevnÕ cÖeÜwU GB cwÎKvq Qvcv n‡j P›`ªbv_ emyi m‡½ iex›`ªbv‡_i ev`-cÖwZev` n‡qwQj| GB c‡Îi cÖvcK kÖxkP›`ª gRyg`vi (1860-1908)| Kwei m‡½ wZwb cìZœvejx (1885) m¤úv`bv K‡ib| Zuv‡K †jLv AvUwU wPwV wQbœcÎvejx‡Z MÖw_Z| gvbmx Kv‡eï ÔcÎÕ I ÔkÖve‡Yi cÎÕ KweZv `ywU Zuvi D‡Ï‡k †jLv| wZwb Mí¸‡”Qi (cÖ_g Ask, 1307 e½vã) cÖKvkK| Kwe Zuvi dzjRvwb Dcb¨v‡mi mgv‡jvPbv †j‡Lb (ÔAvaywbK mvwnZ¨Õ, iex›`ª-iPbvejx-9)| kÖxkP›`ª‡K Kíbv Kve¨ (1900) DrmM© K‡ib Kwe| msKwjZ wPwVwU wek¦fviZx cwÎKv (kÖveY 1349) †_‡K D×…Z, †`k, iex›`ª Rb¥kZel©c~wZ© msL¨v, 1369| cÎ : 2 cÖvcK mijv ivq [wg‡mm wc. †K. ivq] Ñ †cÖwm‡WÝx K‡j‡Ri Aa¨vcK W. cÖmbœKzgvi iv‡qi ¯¿x| Zuvi Aby‡iv‡a gvqvi †Ljv (1295 e½vã) iwPZ Ges Zuv‡KB DrmM©K…Z| GB wPwVi GK eQi ci Kwe mvabv cwÎKvq (Avwk¦b-KvwZ©K 1301)Ô†g‡qjx QovÕ cÖeÜ cÖKvk K‡i †j‡Lb, Ô...†Q‡j fzjvBevi Rb¨ †h mKj †g‡qjx Qov cÖPwjZ Av‡Q, wKQyKvj nB‡Z Avwg Zvnv msMÖn Kwi‡Z cÖe„Ë wQjvg|Õ Kwe GKB mg‡q e½xq mvwnZ¨-cwilrcwÎKvq Qovi msMÖn cÖKvk K‡ib| †jvKmvwnZ¨ (1907) eB‡q ÔQovi msMÖnÕ msKwjZ| msKwjZ wPwVwU iex›`ªexÿvq (15 kÖveY, 1393) G cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ| cÎ : 3 cÖvcK AÿqKzgvi wgÎ (1858-1938) Kwei m‡½ bg©vj ¯‹z‡j †gavex QvÎ wQ‡jb| `yR‡bi g‡a¨ Nwbô m¤úK© wQj| ci¯ú‡ii cÖwZ cÖxwZc~Y© fve AÿqKzgv‡ii RxebKvj ch©šÍ AÿzYœ wQj e‡j Zuvi †cŠÎx Elv `Ë iex›`ªexÿvi (12 †cŠl, 1391) m¤úv`K‡K Rvwb‡q‡Qb| wZwb †cÖwm‡WÝx K‡j‡Ri mœvZK wQ‡jb| Kwe evjëÜzi we‡q‡Z Dcw¯’Z n‡q ¯îwPZ eB Dcnvi w`‡qwQ‡jb| Df‡qi g‡a¨ cÎvjvc wQj| iex›`ªbv_ †Rvovmuv‡Kvi VvKzievwo‡Z †hme bvU¨vwfb‡q Ask wb‡Zb AÿqKzgvi cÖ‡Z¨KwU‡Z Dcw¯’Z _vK‡Zb| wPwVwU iex›`ªexÿvq (12 †cŠl, 1391) cÖ_g cÖKvk cvq| cÎ : 4 cÖvcK mZ¨cÖmv` M‡½vcva¨vq (1859-1933) †`‡e›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii eo †g‡q †mŠ`vwgbxi †Q‡j| Kwei wØZxqevi Bsj¨vÛ hvÎvKv‡j mZ¨cÖmv` mnhvÎx wQ‡jb (Z‡e, Df‡q gv`ªvR †_‡K wd‡i Av‡mb)| †Rvovmuv‡Kvi Rwg`vwii mì †m‡i¯Ívq KvRKg© †`Lv‡kvbvi `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib (1897-1909)| Df‡qi AšÍi½ m¤úK© wQj| wZwb e‡iv`vq gviv hvb| c‡Î mshy³ KweZvwU mZ¨cÖmv‡ì bvZwb kvšÍvi R‡b¨ cvwV‡qwQ‡jb (cÖnvwmbx Kv‡e¨ msKwjZ)| Rxeb¯§„wZ‡Z iex›`ªbv_ Zuvi e‡qv‡R¨ô fv‡Mœi K_v we¯ÍvwiZ wj‡L‡Qb; MM‡b›`ªbv_-Aw¼Z mZ¨cÖmv‡ì cÖwZK…wZwU Rxeb¯§„wZ‡Z gyw`ªZ|

cÎ : 5 GB c‡Î †evSv hvq Kwe †Rvovmuv‡Kvi †m‡i¯Ívi g¨v‡bRvi fv‡Mœ mZ¨cÖmv‡ì Ici KZUv wbf©i Ki‡Zb| Av‡iv Rvbv hvq ÔAvmgvb`viÕ Kwe mvsmvwiK I êlwqK e¨vcv‡i KZUv gMœ wQ‡jb| cÎ : 6 cÖvcK Kwe Kvwj`vm ivq (1889-1975)| 18 eQi eq‡m cÖKvwkZ Kz›` (1313) Kve¨ m¤ú‡K© iex›`ªbv_ G AwfgZ Rvbvb| wZwb wQ‡jb ˆPZb¨gMœ-iPwqZv †jvPb `v‡mi eskai| Zuvi Ab¨vb¨ Kv‡eï g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q : cY©cyU, Ly`Kzuov, jvRvÄwj, ˆngšÍx, êKvjx, eªR‡eYy, mÜ¨vgwY, FZzg½j, wPËwPZv, imK`¤^, ejøix I c~Y©vûwZ BZ¨vw`| wZwb Avb›` cyi¯‹vi I iex›`ª cyi¯‹vi jvf K‡ib| wek¦fviZx Zuv‡K Ô†`wk‡KvËgÕ I iex›`ªfviZx wW.wjU Dcvwa‡Z m¤§vwbZ K‡i| cÎ : 7 cÖvcK myavsïweKvk iv‡qi (1282-1360 e½vã) Avw` wbevm XvKv †Rjvi gvwbKM‡Ä| †cÖwm‡WÝx K‡j‡Ri mœvZK| Kg©Rxe‡bi m~Pbv wMwiwW ¯‹z‡j, GLv‡b iex›`ªRxebxKvi cÖfvZKzgvi gy‡Lvcva¨vq I weÁvbx ÁvbP›`ª †Nvl Zuvi QvÎ wQ‡jb| 1903-G wMwiwW‡Z iex›`ªbv‡_i m‡½ Zuvi cÖ_g cwiPq| Zuvi fvB wngvsïcÖKvk kvwšÍwb‡KZ‡bi cÖ_g hy‡Mi wkÿK| Zuvi m~‡Î cÖfvZKzgvi kvwšÍwb‡KZ‡b Av‡mb| cÎ : 8 nwiPiY ej‡Z GLv‡b nwiPiY e‡›`¨vcva¨vq-iwPZ cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q| Bs‡iwR †mvcvb I ms¯‹…Z cÖ‡ek iex›`ªbv_iwPZ we`¨vj‡qi wbgœ‡kÖYxi cvVëB| cÎ : 9 cÖvcK AÿqP›`ª miKvi (1846-1917) ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq-m¤úvw`Z e½`k©‡bi wbqwgZ †jLK| mvßvwnK mvaviYx (1873 wLªóvã) I gvwmK beRxeb (1884 wLªóvã) m¤úv`bv K‡ib| mvi`vPiY wg‡Îi mn‡hv‡M K‡qK L‡Ð cÖvPxb Kve¨msMÖn (1281-83 e½vã) msKjb K‡i ew¼g I iex›`ªbv‡_i g‡bv‡hvM AvKl©Y K‡ib| iex›`ªbv_ IB Kve¨msMÖn m¤ú‡K© ¯§„wZ Zuvi PviY K‡i‡Qb Rxeb¯§„wZ‡Z : ... cÖvPxb Kve¨msMÖn †m mg‡q Avgvi Kv‡Q GKwU †jv‡fi mvgMÖx nBqvwQj|... we`¨vcwZi `y‡e©va weK…Z ˆgw_jx c`¸wj A¯úó ewjqvB †ewk Kwiqv Avgvi g‡bv‡hvM UvwbZ| Avwg UxKvi Dci wbf©i bv Kwiqv wb‡R eywSevi †Póv KwiZvg| we‡kl †Kv‡bv `yiƒn kã †hLv‡b hZevi eëüZ nBqv‡Q mg¯Í Avwg †Qv‡Uv euvav‡bv LvZvq †bvU Kwiqv ivwLZvg|... Kwei fvbywmsn VvKz‡ii c`vejx (1884 wLªóvã) iPbvq IB c`¸wji cÖfve jÿ Kiv hvq| iex›`ª-mvwnZ¨ we‡klÁ †kvfbjvj M‡½vcva¨vq I wPËiÄb †`‡ei Abygvb : Ôbexb iwei †jLbx-wbtm„Z Awfbe c`¸wj c‡oB... AÿqP›`ª iex›`ªbv‡_i m‡½ †hvMv‡hvM ¯’vc‡b AvMÖnx nb Ges m¤¢eZ cÎ Øviv cÖ_g ms‡hvM ¯’vcb K‡ib|Õ (†`Lyb, iex›`ªexÿv : 10 †cŠl, 1390, cÎ-cÖm½, c„ 20-21) iex›`ªbv‡_i Ôfvbywmsn VvKz‡ii RxebxÕ e¨½ iPbvwU beRxe‡b cÖKvk cvq (kÖveY, 1291)| m~Î : IB|

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KLb †f‡O c‡o GB fq wb‡q w`b KvUv‡bv| A_P Zv‡ì GB evwoi †Zgb †Kv‡bv wec‡ì fq wb‡Ri g‡bi AmyL Qvov wKQyB bq| wb‡Ri g‡bi AmyL, †K Avi gvb‡Z Pvq| Awš^Zvi GKviB hw` Ggb n‡Zv Zv n‡j bv-nq Awš^Zv wb‡Ri Ggb AvZ‡¼i w`bivZ hvcb‡K AmyL ev evwZK e‡jB †f‡e wb‡Z cviZ| wKš‘ cÖwZw`bB †Zv †m eÜzevÜe ev AvZ¥xq¯^Rb‡ì †dvb K‡i| †dvb a‡iB Ô†n‡jvÕ ejvi m‡½-m‡½ GKUv `xN©k¦vm †P‡c †`qvi AvIqvR cvq| †KD-†KD ZZ mveavb bq| e‡jB †d‡j Ñ I ZzB! ev, I Zzwg! Avwg fvejvg, †K bv †K? Awš^Zv GKUz †hb hvPvB Ki‡ZB wg‡_¨ iwmKZvq wRM&‡Mm K‡i, †KD wK †Zvgvq wUR Ki‡Q? wURW n‡Z †Zv fvjB jvMvi K_v| Lye-†h wVKVvK DËi cvq ZvI bv| GKw`b Ii GK dzjgvwm ïay e‡jwQj Ñ Avi cvwi bv †i, †dvb Zzj‡jB bvbv iKg Adv‡ii K_v e‡j| me †h eywS, ZvI bv| Awš^Zvi dzjgvwm bv-†evSvi gZ gvbyl bb| †Kgb fq K‡i †i! GZ †jvK, ev †`vKvb`vi Avgv‡ì †P‡b Kx K‡i? Avgv‡ì †dvb b¤îB ev cvq †Kv‡Ì‡K| †KD†KD †Zv Ggb wgwó K‡i AvcbR‡bi gZ K_v e‡j †h AvgviB fq nq, AvwgB wP‡b DV‡Z cviwQ bv, wbðqB wb‡Ri Rb †KD| Awš^ZvB ZLb dzjgvwm‡K †n‡m eywS‡q‡Q, I-me †Zv †iKW© Kiv Mjv dzjgvwm, Kv‡iv Kv‡iv K_v-ejvB Ggb †h †Zvgvi KZ †Pbv †VK‡e| GUv †Zv GKUv cÖ‡dkb| Lye wWg¨vÛ| dzjgvwm e‡jwQj Ñ Av‡i, †m wK Avi Rvwb bv, Zey †mUv eyS‡Z †Zv mgq jv‡M, hw` mwZ¨ wb‡Ri †KD nq| †mw`b GKRb wRM&‡Mm Kij Ñ Avcbvi Wvb †Mvovwji e¨_vUv †Kgb Av‡Q Ñ Avwg †Zv Pg‡K D‡VwQ| Kx K‡i me Rv‡b †i? dzjgvwmi GB K_vq Awš^Zv †n‡m D‡V e‡jwQj, ¸M&‡j| Avðh©, Awš^Zv hw` KL‡bv KvD‡K, dzjgvwmi K_v¸‡jvB e‡j, Zvi we¯§‡qi K_v, Zvi ÿwYK wek¦vm †_‡K nVvr RvMv ¯’vqx f‡qi K_v, †K Zv‡K †P‡b I †K Zv‡K †P‡b bv Ggb weå‡gi K_v, Zv‡K GZ A‡Pbv-ARvbv gvbyl Rv‡b Ñ G †hb A‡Pbv RvqMvq c_ nvwi‡q †djvi gZ, ev nVvr †Kv‡bv `yN©Ubvq iv¯Ívq c‡o †M‡j Zv‡K wN‡i AmsL¨ AcwiwPZ A_P cÖ‡Z¨‡KB Zv‡K mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z PvB‡Q Avi cÖ‡Z¨K‡KB Lye cwiwPZ m‡›`nfvRb e‡j g‡b nq A_P †mB †Ni †_‡K ZvovZvwo †ei‡ZI cvi‡Q bv, GKevi cywj‡ki K_v g‡b nq, Avevi cywjk Kx †_‡K Kx‡m Rwo‡q †`‡e Ggb f‡q KuzK‡o †h‡Z nq, GKgvÎ cwiÎvY †gvevBj †dv‡b †Pbv KvD‡K WvKv Ñ GB m‡ei wKQy-wKQy UzK‡iv-UzK‡iv, ZLb †m hv‡K ej‡Q †mI nvmvnvwm K‡i, gRv K‡i, dzjgvwm‡K Awš^Zv †hgb ejj, cÖvq †Zgwb me K_v e‡j| wecbœZvi †eva, AvµvšÍ nIqvi AvZ¼, evwoi †jv‡Ki evwo bv-†divi fq, †g‡qi awl©Zv nIqvi NUbv Ñ GgbB Qwo‡q c‡o‡Q, nvIqvq, gvwU‡Z, Ny‡g, †hb †Kv‡bv eo kn‡ii gvwUi Zjvi RjwbKvjx ev eR©¨wbKvjx cwiKwíZ bvjv¸wj, †Kv‡bv GKUv weåv‡U kn‡ii Ic‡i D‡V Avm‡Q, I wbwðZfv‡e †mUv d¬vBIfv‡i-d¬vBIfv‡i `ªæZ D”PZi kniUv‡K wb‡Ri †mªv‡Zi wfZi †U‡b wb‡”Q, A_P, Avðh©, GUv †evSvB hv‡”Q bv| Gi Rb¨ †Kv‡bv kvixwiK Kó n‡”Q bv, eis kvixwiK GKUv AvivgB †eva nq KL‡bv-KL‡bv| Awš^Zv †Zv GLb †mvdv‡ZB e‡m Av‡Q| KviY, Zvi evwo‡Z meB kix‡ii AvbygvwbK Aviv‡gi Avmb I AvDU‡Wvi, Wªwqsiæg, †eWiæg I wjwfs †¯ú‡mi c„_K Avivg †g‡cB| Zvi nv‡Z `y‡Uv †gvevBj| mvg‡b we-Gm-Gb-G‡ji wiwmfvi, cv‡k wi‡gvUI PvR© †`qv, GKUv UvUvi IqvwKI Av‡Q| A‡bK mgqB †Zv Awš^Zv GKm‡½ GKvwaK †dv‡b K_v e‡j| wKš‘ †m eyS‡ZB

cvi‡Q bv, Zvi Wv³vi¯^vgx‡K Zuvi GKUv †ek fvj I eo wK¬wbK †_‡K, mv‡f© cvK© †Zv kn‡ii me‡P‡q L¨vwZgvb bZzb emev‡mi RvqMv, a‡i ev Zz‡j wb‡q †M‡Q Kviv Zv †mB wK¬wb‡Ki Ab¨vb¨ †ckv`vi Kgx©iv ej‡Z cvi‡Q bv Avi Awš^Zv †f‡e †ei Ki‡Z cvi‡Q bv Ñ Kx n‡q‡Q, †mB cÖv_wgK LeiUv †m cv‡e Kx K‡i| †Q‡jwU †h-†gvevB‡j K_v ej‡Q, †mUv †LvjvB Av‡Q I †mB †gvevB‡j IB wK¬wb‡K †hme K_vevZ©v Pj‡Q Zvi UzK‡iv ¸Äb †kvbvI hv‡”Q, hwÌ †mB ¸Ä‡bi †Kv‡bv A_© eyS‡Z cvi‡Q bv Awš^Zv, †hgb nVvr wgwQj-wUwQ‡ji Kvi‡Y iv¯Ívq AvUKv co‡jI I Rvbjv w`‡q ZvwK‡q _vK‡jI †evSv hvq bv, Kx wgwQj, †Kb wgwQj, Kv‡ì wgwQj Ñ †m-nq‡Zv evwo‡Z wd‡i wUwf‡Z Rvbv hvq, †Zgwb| Awš^Zvi ¯^vgx †ek bvgKiv Wv³vi, †ejwfD‡qi m‡½ hy³, KjKvZv kn‡i Zuvi AvU-AvUwU wK¬wbK, A¨vc‡q›U‡g›U Qvov †ivMx †`Lv nq bv, Zuv‡K Zuvi me‡P‡q eo wK¬wbK †_‡K a‡i ev Zz‡j wb‡q hvIqv n‡q‡Q wgwbU K‡qK Av‡MB n‡e, A_P Awš^Zv Rvb‡ZB cvi‡Q bv NUbvUv Kx| GUzKzB gvÎ †R‡b‡Q Ñ Zuv‡K wK¬wbK †_‡K Zz‡j †bqv n‡q‡Q| Awš^Zvi †hgb nIqv DwPZ wQj, †Zgb wKQyB †Kb NU‡Q bv †f‡e Awš^Zv Aw¯’i n‡q I‡V| wb‡R‡K †`vlxI g‡b nq| Zvi Ggb Kv‡iv K_v g‡b coj bv, hvi Kv‡Q meUv e‡j †m mvnvh¨ PvB‡Z cv‡i| ev, Ggb wK hv‡K †m WvK‡Z cv‡i| cÖ_‡gB †Zv cywj‡ki K_v g‡b c‡o| Ggb Riæwi cwiw¯’wZ‡Z cywj‡ki mvnvh¨ PvBevi b¤îI Zvi †gvevB‡j Av‡Q| †mB b¤îUvq Wvqvj K‡i †m Kx ej‡e? Avgvi ¯^vgx Wv³vi AgyK| Avwg GBgvÎ †dv‡b Lei †cjvg Zuv‡K Zuvi GB wVKvbvi wK¬wbK †_‡K Zz‡j wb‡q †M‡Q Kviv| Ggb GKUv K_v cywjk‡K ejv hvq? cywjk fve‡e ¯^vgx-¯¿xi †Mvjgvj| bB‡j †Zv Awš^ZviB cywj‡ki Kv‡Q hvIqv DwPZ| GKv? cywjk gv‡b, †Kv_vq? Zvi GK eÜzi †Ìi cywj‡k KvR K‡i| †m-eÜz nq‡Zv wb‡Ri ì evovevi Rb¨ Zvi †Ì‡ii †cvjvUv‡K A‡bK evwo‡q e‡j‡Q| AšÍZ GZKvj †Zv †Zgwb †f‡e G‡m‡Q Awš^Zv| AvR †m Zvi mvnvh¨ PvB‡jI, Awš^Zv Zvi wb‡Ri m‡›`n †_‡K †ei‡e Kx K‡i| cywjk †Zv Ggb wec`-Avc‡ì K_v me mgqB †kv‡b I cvi‡j mvnvhÏ †Zv K‡i wbðqB| wKš‘ cywjk‡K †Zv Awš^Zv mviv Rxe‡b GB GKeviB †dvb Ki‡Q| †m Kx K‡i Rvb‡e cywjk Zv‡K Kx wRM&‡Mm Ki‡e I †m Zvi Kx DËi †`‡e| wKš‘ Zvi ¯^vgx‡K Kviv a‡i wb‡q †M‡Q, Zvi Av›`vR w`‡Z bv cvi‡j cywjk Kx Ki‡e? cywjk hw` wRM&‡Mm K‡i Ñ Avcwb †Kv‡Ì‡K K_v ej‡Qb ZLb †Zv Awš^Zv‡K ej‡Z n‡e evwo †_‡K| Zv n‡j †Zv cywjk Zv‡K hyw³msMZfv‡eB ej‡Z cv‡i Ñ ¯ú‡U hviv wQj Zv‡ì KvD‡K †jvKvj _vbvq wi‡cvU© Ki‡Z ejyb| Zv n‡j Awš^Zv wK mv‡f© cvK© wK¬wb‡K †dvb K‡i I‡ì ZvB Ki‡Z ej‡e| Awš^Zv †gvevBjUv Kv‡b jvMvq| Iw`‡Ki †gvevBjUv †LvjvB Av‡Q| †mLvb †_‡K wbi_© †Mvjgv‡ji AvIqvR Avm‡Q Ñ RjfwZ© w`wNi Icv‡ii ew¯Í‡Z Av¸b jvM‡j †hgb Zv‡ì evwo †_‡K †kvbv hvq| wVK w`wN bq, Avevi w`wN ej‡Z †h-†PŠ‡Kv Rjvk‡qi aviYv Zvi g‡b Qwe n‡q Av‡Q Ñ GB Rjfiv RvqMvUv †Zv †Zgwb| Bs‡iwR‡Z IqvUvi‡¯úm e‡j GKUv K_v Pvjy n‡q‡Q Ñ KjKvZvi wfZ‡ii †Wvev, Lvj, cyKzi †Mv‡Qi RvqMv †evSv‡Z| aviYv, Avi †mB aviYvi m‡½ †g‡j bv Ggb k‡ãi Miwg‡ji g‡a¨ †gvevBjUv Kv‡b †V‡m Awš^Zv ïb‡Z cvq ÔcywjkÕ kãwU eviK‡qK, Ôg¨vWvgÕ kãwU †g‡qwj Mjvq evi `y-GK, Ô†mÝ‡jmÕ kãwUI GKevi †ek †Rv‡i, GKRb Lye wPrKvi K‡i e‡j, ÔAvbwUj g¨vWvg wKQy Ki‡Z e‡jb, Avwg wb‡Ri †_‡K wKQy Kie bv| †Zgb wKQy Ki‡Z wM‡q AvwgB †du‡m hvB Avi

Kx? Avwg evwo P‡j hvw”Q bv| Zv n‡jI †Zv †du‡m †h‡Z cvwi|Õ Awš^Zv GKUv A_© ˆZwi Ki‡Z cv‡i, †ek †mvRv e‡jB cv‡i| wK¬wb‡Ki †jvKiv Zv‡K Rvwb‡q w`‡q, Zvi wb‡`©‡ki A‡cÿv Ki‡Q| †m, Awš^Zv hv ej‡e, Zviv ZvB Ki‡e| †mB Rb¨B Zviv †gvevBjUv †Lvjv †i‡L‡Q| †KD-†KD fve‡Q Ñ †m, Awš^Zv, g¨vWvg, LeiUv †kvbvgvÎ †Kv‡bv eë¯’v wb‡”Qb Ñ ZvB Rvbv‡Z †`wi n‡”Q| †KD-†KD fve‡Q Ñ †m, Awš^Zv, g¨vWvg, LeiUv ï‡b †mÝ‡jm n‡q wM‡q _vK‡Z cv‡ib I †Zgb nIqvUvB ¯^vfvweK| wKš‘ †Zgb wKQy N‡U _vK‡jI Zviv †Zv wK¬wbK †Q‡o †h‡Z cv‡i bv| Wv³vievey †Zv †h-†Kv‡bv gyn~‡Z© wd‡iI Avm‡Z cv‡ib| Ly‡j ivLv †gvevB‡ji GB me ¸Äb †_‡K Awš^Zvi cÖ_g m‡›`n nq Ñ GUv †Zv Zv‡K Acni‡Yi GKUv cø¨vbI n‡Z cv‡i| †Lvjv †gvevB‡ji UzK‡iv K_vevZ©v †_‡K Zvi †mB bv-nIqv m‡›`n wbimb nq Ñ †hb Zvi †Zgb m‡›`n nIqv ¯^vfvweK wQj| wKsev AšÍZ DwPZ wQj| Avi, Ggb JwP‡Zï K_v‡ZB Zvi g‡b Gj Ñ GZÿY a‡i †gvevBjUv Ly‡j ivLv n‡q‡Q †Kb| Ggb GKUv †gvevBj †Lvjv †i‡L `y-PviRb wg‡j Ggb K_v PvjvPvwj K‡i Zv‡K †Zv mwZ¨mwZ¨ Ggb fvev‡Z eva¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i †h Awš^Zv GLbB mv‡f© cv‡K© †cuŠQyevi Rb¨ †ewi‡q co‡e I Zviv, †mB AcniYKvixiv, Zv‡K Mvwo †_‡K †ei K‡i wb‡q ÔAÁvZ¯’vbÕ-Gi w`‡K P‡j †h‡Z cv‡i| iv‡Z Zvi ¯^vgx‡K †dvb K‡i gyw³cY PvB‡e| Awš^Zv †gvevBjUv eÜ K‡i w`j| Zvici D‡V Zv‡ì emev‡mi wZbZjvi eviv›`v †_‡K wMÖ‡ji duvK w`‡q †`‡L wbj, Zv‡ì evwoi mvg‡b †Kv‡bv A‡Pbv Mvwo ùvwo‡q Av‡Q Kx bv, †h-MvwowU Zvi MvwowU‡K AbymiY K‡i Ôc~e©cwiKíbvÕ Abyhvqx †Kv‡bv GKwU RvqMvq Zvi Mvwo †_‡K Zv‡K †ei K‡i wb‡R‡ì Mvwo‡Z Zz‡j †b‡e| GKUv †ek eo iv¯Ív †_‡K Zv‡ì GB MwjUv †ewi‡q‡Q| `yav‡i me wgwj‡q AvU-`kwU evwo| cÖ‡Z¨K evwoi MvwoB cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki †Pbv| fvov‡U‡ì MvwoI| Ggb wK †Kvb Mvwo KUvi mgq †Kv_vq ùvovq, ZvI| GK SjK ZvwK‡q Awš^Zv †ev‡S Mvwo wP‡b ÔAcnYKvixÕ‡ì Mvwo †Pbv m¤¢e bq Ñ GB me MvwoB GB me i‡OB iv¯ÍvNv‡U Pjv‡div K‡i AócÖni| Wv³vievey‡KI †Zv GKB D‡Ï‡k¨ ÔAcniYÕ Kiv n‡q _vK‡Z cv‡i I cwðg evsjv mxgvbv †cwi‡q wM‡q, iv‡Z, Zvi Kv‡Q gyw³c‡Yi †dvb Avm‡Z cv‡i| Zviv cywj‡k †h‡Z wb‡la K‡i| †Zgb wb‡l‡ai Av‡MB †Zv Zv n‡j cywjk‡K Zvi Rvwb‡q ivLv DwPZ| Awš^Zv Lye g‡b Ki‡Z cv‡i bv, ZL‡bv Zvi we‡q nq wb, Lvw`g e‡j †Kv‡bv Ry‡Zv †Kv¤úvwbi eo fvB‡K GgbB ÔAcniYÕ Kiv n‡qwQj, cywjkI †LuvR KiwQj GivI evwo †_‡KI AcniYKvix‡ì m‡½ ìKlvKwl KiwQj, †k‡l GKUv idvI nq I AcniYKvixiv Zuv‡K †jKUvD‡b GKUv RvqMvq †Q‡o w`‡q hvq| Lvw`g †jKUvDb Ñ G-me GZ †Pbv RvqMv I †jvK, Zv n‡j wK Ggb wec` bZzb wKQy bq, Zv n‡j Awš^Zvi fqUvI bZzb wKQy bq| Zv n‡j †gvevB‡j †h-Lvivc LeiUv G‡jv, Ggb Lei wPiKvj GgbB Lvivc n‡q Avm‡Q| Zv †_‡K D×v‡ii DcvqI Zv n‡j mevi Rvbv, Zvi †_‡K hviv eo Zv‡ì AšÍZ| Ggb GKUv Le‡ii ciI Awš^Zv †h KvD‡K †dvb ch©šÍ Ki‡Z cvi‡Q bv, NUbvUv †Zgb wKQy bq, wbðqB| Awš^Zv wbðqB Zvi wb‡Ri †gRKvKv‡K †dvb K‡i wRM&‡Mm Ki‡Z cv‡i †m Kx Ki‡e| †hb GgbwU †ivRKviB GKUv e¨vcvi I †dv‡b †hgb weÁvcb Av‡m, †Zgwb Ggb LeiI †dv‡b Avm‡ZB cv‡i Ñ

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Rvbv‡e †Kb| Zvi ¯^vgx‡K †h-†KD a‡i wb‡q †h‡Z cv‡i Avi Zvi ¯¿x †m-K_v Rvb‡Z ch©šÍ cv‡i bv! cvi‡e bv? nq‡Zv cviZ hw` me b¤î¸wj Zvi Kv‡Q _vKZ? †KbB-ev _vK‡e? gvbyl wK Av‡M _vK‡Z ke`v‡ni MvwoI eyK K‡i ivL‡e? Awš^Zv †ev‡S †m GKv †c‡i DV‡e bv| wewbœ‡K GLywb evwo Avm‡Z ej‡e| wewbœiv G-me †dvbvdzwbi eyw× A‡bK †ewk Rv‡b| GKUz ms‡KvP nq Ñ †g‡qUv‡K GB †Mvjgv‡ji g‡a¨ UvbvUvwb Ki‡Z| wKš‘ †MvjgvjUv †Zv Zvi evev‡K wb‡q| Awš^Zv Zv‡K Kx K‡i euvPv‡e| AšÍZ wRM&‡Mm Ki‡e mv‡f© cv‡K©i †dvb b¤îUv Rv‡b Kx bv| wKš‘ wisB nj bv| GKUv wK AvIqv‡Ri ci Bs‡iwR‡Z, wnw›`‡Z I evsjvq Lye Nwbô ¯^‡i ÔbU †cÖ‡R›Uwj A¨v‡fB‡je&jÕ, ÔeZ©gv‡b Dcjä n‡”Q bv, wKQyÿY ci Avevi †Póv Ki‡eb|Õ Awš^Zv fq †c‡q †Mj| Zv‡KB wK evwo‡Z AvU‡K †djv n‡q‡Q? †m hv‡Z Kv‡iv m‡½ †hvMv‡hvM Ki‡Z bv cv‡i? cywjk †Zv KZ iK‡gi| hLb-ZLb hvi-Zvi evwoNi †iBW Ki‡Q| cywjk †m‡RI Ki‡Q| Wv³vievey wK Avi me BbKv‡gi U¨v· †`b? Zuvi †Zv BbKvg U¨v‡·i DwKj Av‡Qb| cyi‡bv †bvU LvwiR nIqvi mgq Wv³vievey Kvi-Kvi A¨vKvD‡›U wKQy-wKQy UvKv mwi‡q †d‡jwQj| †m †Zv mevB K‡i‡Q| K‡i, Avevi evnv`ywiI †`wL‡q‡Q| Avi, KZB-ev UvKv Wv³vieveyi? wKš‘ †mB me †Nvicu¨v‡P AvU‡K hvIqvi gZ eo †jvK ev bvgRv`v †jvKI †Zv bq Wv³vievey| Awš^Zv Wv³vieveyi K¨vev‡W©i Wªqvi¸‡jv †Lvjvi †Póv K‡i| A‡bK¸wj †Lv‡j bv| Zvi Pvwe Wv³vieveyi Kv‡Q| †h-K‡qKUv †Lv‡j †m¸‡jv AuvwZcuvwZ K‡iI †Kv_vI Zuvi c¨vWU¨vW wKQy cvq bv, hv‡Z wK¬wbK¸wji wVKvbv cvIqv hvq| †Kv_vI wKQy †bB| nq‡Zv †Kv_vI Av‡Q Ñ wKš‘ Awš^Zv Rv‡b bv| Rvbvi †h Ggb cÖ‡qvRb n‡e Zv †K Rv‡b? NiUv I-iKgB †i‡L Awš^Zv evB‡i Av‡m| †m wVK K‡i †d‡j‡Q Ñ Mvwo wb‡q GLywb mv‡f© cv‡K©i wK¬wb‡K hv‡e| WªvBfvi‡K WvKvi Av‡M †m fq cvq GKUz Ñ Zv‡K †ei‡Z bv- †`qvi Rb¨ BwZg‡a¨B MvW© emv‡bv n‡q †M‡Q Kx bv| WªvBfvi‡K Ici †_‡KB e‡j, ÔMvwo †ei K‡iv|Õ ZvovZvwo mv‡jvqvi-KvwgR c‡i ˆZwi n‡q PzjUv AuvPov‡ZAuvPov‡Z Kvb Lvov K‡i iv‡L, MvwoUv iv¯Ívq †ei Kivi AvIqvR nq Kx bv A_©vr MvwoUv‡K †KD AvUKvq Kx bv| †MU Lyjj, Mvwo †eij, †MU eÜ nIqvi AvIqvR nj bv| Awš^Zvi Rb¨ IUv †LvjvB _vKj| Zv n‡j †M‡U cvnviv e‡m wb| Wv³vievey‡K Zuvi wK¬wbK †_‡K Kviv a‡i wb‡q †Kv_vq †M‡Q, †mB wec‡` GZUv mgq GKv KvUv‡bvi †k‡l, Awš^Zv wb‡R cÖ¯‘Z n‡q †ei‡Z wM‡q AvPgKv Avwe®‹vi K‡i †h Zv‡K †KD †Kv_vI wb‡q bv-†M‡jI Zv‡K evwo‡ZB AvU‡K †djv n‡”Q Zvi evB‡ii mg¯Í †hvMv‡hvM Zv‡K bv-Rvwb‡q eÜ K‡i w`‡q| †eievi Av‡M evB‡iUv‡K AuvP K‡i wb‡Z †m wUwfi Le‡ii P¨v‡bj †Lv‡j I ùvwo‡q-ùvwo‡qB †`‡L I †kv‡b| eviæBcy‡i GK QvÎxi Akvjxb Qwe †Zvjvi I †`Lv‡bvi cÖwZev` Kivq †g‡qwU‡K Lyb Kiv n‡q‡Q I cÖavb Avmvwg SvoL‡Ð cvwj‡q‡Q| `vwR©wj‡O wecbœ ch©UK‡ì KjKvZvq wdwi‡q Avbvi Rb¨ ev‡mi eë¯’v n‡q‡Q| †ejwfD bvwm©s †nv‡gi A¨vWfvBwms M¨v‡÷ªv-Gb‡U‡ijwR÷ Abycg ¸nwb‡qvMxi †Kv‡bv Wv³vwi wWwMÖ †bB| KjKvZvq Zuvi AvUwU wK¬wbK| AvR wm-AvB-wW †ivMx †m‡R mv‡f© cv‡K©i wK¬wbK

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†QvUMí

AjsKiY : Ave`ym kvKzi

cÿxRxeb

gvneye ZvjyK`vi

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covi †SuvK wQj| gvÎ wZb ev Pvi eQi eq‡m eB wb‡q †Pqv‡i e‡m NÈvi ci NÈv KvwU‡q w`‡Zb wZwb| Avi cÖwZevi gv‡K cÖkœ Ki‡Zb kvšÍfv‡e Ñ eBUv wK Zvi Rb¨? gvI ej‡Zb Ñ nu¨v, nu¨v Zzwg co‡Z cv‡iv| wZwb wek¦vm Ki‡Zb, e¨w³i †cÖ‡gi †P‡qI mvwn‡Zï cÖwZ fv‡jvevmv A‡bK gnr| GKUz eo n‡j wb‡R‡K Avwe®‹v‡ii j‡Mœ PviwU eB-B Zuvi Rxeb| G¸‡jv †PZbv I K‡g© Mfxi †iLvcvZ K‡iwQj Zuvi| †Z‡iv eQi eq‡m Au‡`ª wR‡ì †j bywePzï †Z‡im&_, †Pv‡Ïv‡Z Kvgyï †jv Ag †ifj‡Z, †lv‡jv eQi eq‡m iu¨v‡evi †j BwjDwgbvwkI Ges K‡qK gvm ci cÖæ‡¯Íi AvjeviwUb w`mcviæ c‡o‡Qb wZwb| 1953 mv‡ji Mi‡gi QywUUv cwiev‡ii m‡½ wbQK AeKvkhvcb wQj bv| D‡Ïk¨ evKv‡jvwiqv cixÿvi (D”P gva¨wgK) cÖ¯w‘ Zi Rb¨ cov‡kvbv| wKš‘ cÖZ¨vkvg‡Zv †jLvcov nqwb| hwÌ wZwb cixÿvq cvk K‡i A‡±ve‡i mi‡evb© wek¦we`¨vj‡q fwZ© nb| mi‡ev‡b© covKv‡j w`‡bi A‡bKUv mgq Kv‡Qi K¨v‡d‡Z mgq KvUv‡bv wbqwgZ Af¨v‡m cwiYZ nq| K¨v‡d‡Z e‡m wjL‡Zb GKwU bxj LvZvq| Avi mÜ¨vq †h‡Zb muv-Rvigv-`¨ †cÖ‡Z evÜex †d¬vi‡Ýi m‡½ †`Lv Ki‡Z| †jLK Ges ms¯‹w… Zgš¿x Au‡`ª gv‡j©vi Kb¨v wQ‡jb †d¬viÝ| nvZLi‡Pi A_© w`‡q ïb‡Z †h‡Zb weL¨vZ Av‡gwiKvb RvR K¬vwi‡bwUm&U wmWwb we‡mZ Ñ Ôw_‡qUvi `¨ wfD Kj¥ we‡q‡ZÕ| cÖ_g Dcb¨v‡mi mdjZv Avi L¨vwZi Aí c‡iB cvwi wiwfD cwÎKvq GK mvÿvrKv‡i Rvwb‡qwQ‡jb B”Qvi K_v Ñ Avgvi Zxeª Kv•ÿv wQj †jLvi| Aemi mg‡q `j‡eu‡a AeKv‡k bv wM‡q c¨vwi‡m e‡m Dcb¨vm †jLvi| †mUv Avgvi Kv‡Q wekvj A¨vW‡fÂvi| gvÎ ev‡iv eQi eq‡m wb‡Ri †jLv Dcb¨vm cÖKv‡ki Rb¨ cvwV‡qwQ‡jb wZwb weL¨vZ cÖKvkK wc‡qï jvRv‡id‡K| ejv evûj¨, Zv cÖKvwkZ nqwb| Zuvi AvZ¥Rxebx mv‡Mui cÖKvkbv ms¯’v ÔgviKzï `¨ d«mu Õ| eB‡Z Rvwb‡q‡Qb †mB we‡kl w`bwUi K_v Pz K¬` jvwg‡K| 1954 mv‡j †h-w`bwU‡Z wb‡Ri †jLv Dcb¨vm cÖKvk‡Ki Kv‡Q cvwV‡qwQ‡jb| cÖKvkK i‡b Rywjqvi| Zuv‡K GKwU dig c~iY Ki‡Z †Ìqv nq| c~iY Kiv †k‡l d«vu ‡mvqvR Rvb‡Z Pvb Ñ KZw`‡bi g‡a¨ DËi cve? c‡i wKQy bv e‡jB P‡j hvb ¯^fv‡e Aw¯’i, eb¨ d«vu ‡mvqvR| Avi m¤úv`K gvÎ GKeviB weiwZnxb cvÐzwjwc c‡o †gvwnZ, Av‡jvwoZ| d«vu ‡mvqvR cvÐzwjwc Rgv w`‡qwQ‡jb 6 Rvbyqvwi| Avi wVK GMv‡iv w`b ci 17 Rvbyqvwi Zuv‡K WvKv nq| †Uwj‡dv‡b Rvbv‡bv nq †ejv 11Uvq †`Lv Ki‡Z hvIqvi Rb¨| evwo †_‡K Rvbv‡bv nq gv`-†gvqv‡Rj Nygv‡”Q| `y‡Uvi ci K‡ib| c‡i A¨vc‡q›U‡g›U wcwQ‡q we‡Kj cuvPUvq Kiv nq| cÖKvkK Rvb‡Z Pvb Ñ Avcbvi evev-gv eBUv c‡o‡Qb? bv, Avgvi evevi Ab¨ KvR Kivi Av‡Q| Avi Avgvi gv m¤§wZ †`‡eb bv| Aek¨ evev-gv eB cÖKv‡k m¤§wZ w`‡jI Zuv‡ì cvwievwiK c`we Ô†Kvqv‡iRÕ eB‡q eënv‡i wb‡la K‡ib| Zuv‡ì Aby‡iv‡a d«vu ‡mvqv‡Ri bvg cwieZ©b Ki‡Z nq| gvÎ K‡qK wgwbU mgq †Ìqv n‡qwQj bvg cQ‡›ì Rb¨| d«vu ‡mvqv‡Ri †PZbv-cøvweZ Kiv GKwU bvg| gv_vq Nyi‡Q Av jv iumvm `¨ Z cvi`y¨ (A la Recherche du temps perdu), evsjvq nviv‡bv mg‡qi mÜv‡b| wcÖq †jLK gv‡m©j cÖæ¯Í| AvjeviwUb w`mcviæi gy» cvVK d«vu ‡mvqv‡Ri Aw¯’g¾vq aŸwbZ n‡jv GKwU bvg| cÖæ‡¯Íi m„wó GKwU PwiÎ wcÖ‡Ým mvMu| wb‡Ri bv‡gi m‡½ Ry‡o †`b mvMu|

d«vu ‡mvqv‡Ri wb‡RiI †Kvqv‡iR c`wewU cQ‡›`i wQj bv| K¬v‡m bvg WvKvi mgq hLb Zuvi bvgwUi Av`¨ÿi wKD (Q) AvmZ, mg¯Í K¬vm †n‡m DVZ| Avi d«vu ‡mvqvR †ZvZjvZ| †gŠwL‡K wZwb wQ‡jb eiveiB Lvivc| evKv‡jvwiqvq cÖkœ Kiv n‡qwQj g¨vK‡e_ wel‡q| bvf©vm d«vu ‡mvqvR h_vh_ DËi w`‡Z wM‡q †ZvZjv‡Z _v‡Kb| A_P †jLvq †c‡qwQ‡jb we‡k m‡Z‡iv| cov‡kvbv Zuvi Kv‡Q GK‡N‡q g‡b n‡Zv| ÔennuiÕ Ñ GK‡N‡q K¬vwšÍKi GK ai‡bi †mw›U‡g›U hv GZ cÖMvp Ges Zxeª N„Yvi †P‡qI| GB ÔennuiÕ d«vu ‡mvqvR‡K MÖvm Ki‡j, e‡j‡Qb Ñ †Kv‡bv wWbv‡i wb‡R‡K Amy¯,’ f½yi g‡b n‡Zv| mi‡ev‡b© `yeQi Aa¨qbKv‡j †ewkifvM mgqB KvwU‡q‡Qb K¨v‡d‡Z| †jLvcovq wbqwgZ wQ‡jb bv| d‡j 1953 mv‡ji Ryb gv‡m cixÿvq AK…ZKvh© nb| cwiev‡ii mevB ÿzä| mevB‡K kvšÍ, Lywk Ges mš‘ó Ki‡Z n‡e Ñ G-fvebv †_‡K IB eQ‡iiB AvM‡÷ †euvRi w_ªm‡Zm †kl K‡ib| K¨v‡d‡Z e‡m bxj LvZvq †jLv dzU‡bvU wQj Dcb¨vm †jLvi Kzwu o| Dcb¨vm †jLvi AvKv•ÿv ZLb †_‡KB| Avi wjL‡Z ïiæ K‡iwQ‡jb A‡bKUv cixÿvg~jKfv‡e| Lye gnvb †Kv‡bv m„wó bq eis †`L‡Z Pvw”Q‡jb Zuvi h‡_ó B”Qvkw³ Av‡Q wKbv; †kl ch©šÍ †jLv †kl Kivi `y-wZb gv‡mi g‡a¨ cvÐzwjwc ˆZwi K‡i Rgv †`b cÖKvk‡Ki `ß‡i| wk‡ivbvg Ges Zvi c‡iB wb‡P UvBc K‡i wj‡LwQ‡jb Rb¥ZvwiL 21 Ryb, 1935| eBwU cÖKv‡ki gv‡mB c¨vwi g¨vP cwÎKv Zuv‡K Ô18 eQ‡ii †Kv‡jZÕ (weL¨vZ divwm mvwnwZ¨K †Kv‡jZ) e‡j AwfwnZ K‡i| K‡qK mßv‡ni g‡a¨ cyi¯‹Z … nb ÔwcÖ `¨ wµwUKÕ (prix de

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critique)-G| Avj‡eqvi Kvgy jv †c‡÷i (La Peste) Rb¨ G-cyi¯‹vi †c‡qwQ‡jb 1947 mv‡j| Af‚Zc~e© L¨vwZi mylgv| †bv‡ej jwi‡qU 68 eQi eqmx d«vu ‡mvqvR gvwiqvK mvMu‡K WvK‡Zb Ô18 eQ‡i Pvwg©s gb÷viÕ e‡j| †jv wdMv‡iv (Le Figaro) cwÎKvi cÖ_g cvZvq wj‡LwQ‡jb mvMu m¤ú‡K© Ñ Dcb¨v‡mi cÖ_g c„ôv‡ZB Zuvi m„Rbkxj †gav we‡ùvwiZ Ges Zv ZK©vZxZ| mvMu‡K gvwiqvK ÔPvwg©s gb÷viÕ WvK‡j wZwb †PvL eo eo K‡i DËi w`‡Zb Ñ Avcwb Avgvi eB cQ›` K‡ib bv| KviY eB‡q cv‡ci †Kv‡bv Aw¯ÍZ¡ †bB| Dcb¨v‡mi mvMu‡K cÖ_g wKw¯Í‡Z cÂvk nvRvi d«vu ¼ †Ìqv n‡qwQj| Aíeqmx e‡j †PK MÖn‡Y evav wQj| c‡i Zuvi gv †g‡qi N‡ii IqviWª‡ei Wªqv‡i GKm‡½ GZ¸‡jv d«v‡¼i mÜvb †c‡j, evev wb‡`©k †`b Rvbvjv w`‡q me †d‡j w`‡Z| c‡ii w`b mKvjUv wQj G‡Kev‡i wfbœZi| AvKw¯§K cwieZ©b, Rxe‡bi w`Ke`j| Aw¯’i, Amwnòz mËv; evev-gv‡qi evwo †Q‡o wcÖq fvB R¨v‡Ki m‡½ _vK‡Z hvb| Avi gv_vq ZLb B”Qvi iwOb cÖRvcwZ| Ñ Drme, Drmehvcb Ki‡Z n‡e| hv wKQy D¾¡j Av‡jvwKZ, DÏxß, D”PwKZ, MwZ, mgy`,ª gaïvwÎ Ñ hv wKQy AÜKviv”Qbœ, hv wKQy nvwi‡q‡Qb mewKQy †c‡Z PvB‡Zb wZwb| Rxe‡b Av‡qvR‡b-cÖ‡qvR‡b mvMui Dcjwä wQj dKbv‡ii `k©‡b Ñ †h-mgqUv‡Z hvcb KiwQ, hv Avgv‡ì †eu‡P _vK‡Z w`‡”Q, Zvi †P‡q gnr Avi wKQy n‡Z cv‡i bv| evevi Kv‡Ri m~‡Î _vK‡Zb d«v‡Ýi `wÿYc~e© wjI kn‡i| co‡Zb K¨v_wjK ¯‹‡z j| gwj‡q‡ii Aveÿ g~wZ©‡K Am¤§vb Kivi Awf‡hv‡M Zuv‡K ¯‹j z †_‡K †ei K‡i †Ìqv nq| wZwb Ck¦i ev cÖf‡z Z¡ wek¦vmx wQ‡jb bv| ejv nq, Zuvi Dcb¨vm Rb¥ †Ìqvi cÖ_g wPý Zuvi GB AvZ¥-fvebv| AvZ¥gMœ Ave‡Z© R‡g _vKv Abyfw‚ Z †QvU †QvU Aÿ‡i cÖvY †c‡qwQj Dcb¨v‡mi Lmov LvZvq| `y-AvOy‡j UvBc K‡i hLb wjL‡Zb, KL‡bv fv‡ebwb cÖæ¯Í ev ivw`‡M n‡eb| †iug ivw`‡M wQ‡jb GKRb ÿYRb¥v cÖwZfv; Rb¥ 18 Ryb, 1903-g„Z¨z 12 wW‡m¤î, 1929| Rxe‡b †eu‡P _vKvi im` wQj nvwm| cÖvwYZ n‡Zb BwZnv‡m, †h-Rxe‡b wZwb _v‡Kbwb Zv‡K Rvbvi| Acvi Avb›` Lu‡y U wb‡Zb Dcb¨vm cv‡V| d«vu ‡mvqv‡Ri c‡b‡iv eQi eq‡m Zuv‡ì cwievi c¨vwi‡m P‡j Av‡m| evwo‡Z KL‡bv AwZwi³ kvmb K‡ibwb evev-gv| mšÍvbiv hv Ki‡Z †P‡q‡Q, ZvB w`‡q‡Qb| kvm‡bi Abykvmb wQj bv gvÎv Qvov| Zuvi evev PvB‡Zb evwo‡Z mšÍvbiv

†hb f`ªmf¨ n‡q _v‡Kb| cvwiwRqvb Rxe‡b Zuv‡ì Avevm wQj c¨vwi‡mi m‡Z‡iv GjvKvi my›ì d¬¨v‡U| mgq KvUv‡Z evev-gv‡hi Av`‡ii wKwK †h‡Zb †d¬viÝ gv‡j©vi m‡½ Pvwj© cvK©vi ïb‡Z| wek¦we`¨vjqco–qv wKwKi we‡bv`‡bi Av`k© ¯’vb wQj c¨vwi‡mi K¨v‡d, we‡¯¿v¸‡jv| AvÇv, ûBw¯‹, a~gcvb QvovI gRv †c‡Zb Ñ †Q‡j‡ì ÔKx my›ìxÕ gšÍe¨ ïb‡Z| 1953 mv‡ji wW‡m¤^‡i evev‡K cÖ_g Dcb¨v‡mi cvÐzwjwc †`Lvb| †QvU †g‡qi †jLv cÖKv‡ki m¤§wZ Rvwb‡q ¯^vÿi K‡i e‡jwQ‡jb Ñ †Zvgvi wRwbm †KD cÖKvk Ki‡j Avwg AevKB n‡ev| c‡ii eQi eBUv cÖKvwkZ nq| Zuvi mdjZv GLb divwm mvwn‡Zï BwZnvm| 1954 mv‡ji 9 †gi g‡a¨ AvU nvRvi Kwc wewµ nq| †m‡Þ¤î bvMv` 45 nvRvi Kwc| A‡±ve‡i msL¨v †cuŠQq GK jvL Ges wW‡m¤î gv‡m `y-jvL Kwc| bw›`Z Ges wbw›`Z n‡q‡Qb| mdjZvi cv‡k eBwU m¤ú‡K© weZK©I n‡q‡Q Rbgva¨‡g| †jv gu` (Le monde) cwÎKvi mvwnZ¨-mgv‡jvPK Kwe I Jcb¨vwmK Gwgj A¨vwiI mvMui cÖ‡Póv‡K bm¨vr K‡i‡Qb A‰bwZK e‡j| Avevi GK mgv‡jvPK gZcÖKvk K‡i‡Qb Ñ †euvRi w_ªm‡Zm we‡`wk‡ì †Pv‡L divwm ZiæYx‡ì B‡g‡R †bwZevPK Qvqv †dj‡e| Avi d«vu ‡mvqvR mvMu GRvZxq gZvg‡Zi e¨vL¨v w`‡q‡Qb hyw³wbf©i we‡køl‡Y Ñ ÔK¨v_wjKkvwmZ †`‡k welqwUB AwPšÍbxq †h, m‡Z‡iv ev AvVv‡iv eQ‡ii Aíeqmx †g‡q †cÖg QvovB kvixwiK m¤úK© Ki‡Q GKB eqmx †Q‡ji m‡½ Ges Zuvi Rb¨ †Kv‡bv kvw¯Í †c‡Z nqwb|Õ mgvR-wba©vwiZ ˆbwZKZvi j²Y‡iLv m¤ú‡K© wZwik eQi ci wZwb wj‡LwQ‡jb Ñ gvbylRb G-aviYvUv MÖnYB Ki‡Z cv‡i bv †h, GKwU †g‡q cvM‡ji g‡Zv †Q‡jwUi †cÖ‡g co‡e Ges MÖx‡®§i †k‡l †m AšÍtmË¡v n‡e bv| e¨vcviUvB Zuv‡ì Kv‡Q AMÖnY‡hvM¨ †h, Aíeqmx †g‡qwUi AwaKvi Av‡Q wb‡Ri †`n wb‡Ri B”Qvg‡Zv eënv‡ii Ges Avb›` †c‡Z cv‡i †Kv‡bviKg kvw¯Í QvovB| GZ ¯‘wZ, cÖksmvi m‡½ A_©‰bwZK mdjZvi ciI mvMui A‡bK wKQy †kLvi wQj Ges wZwb Lye `ªæZ Zv wkLwQ‡jb| msev`cÎ, g¨vMvwR‡b Zuvi Dcb¨vm m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv, iPbv cÖKvwkZ n‡”Q| Avi Gme †jLvi g‡a¨ Acwinvh© civgk© _vKZ Ñ †h mwZ¨Kvi A‡_© †mwmj n‡jv †jwLKv mvMu wb‡RB| G-m¤ú‡K© mvMu cvwi wiwfD cwÎKvq e‡j‡Qb Ñ Avwg gvbyl‡K wPwÎZ Kwiwb|

¯^vgx ievU© Ges cyÎ `wbi m‡½ d«vu ‡mvqvR Avgvi Kíbvi PwiÎ¸‡jv‡Z ev¯ÍeZvi Av`j w`‡Z †P‡qwQ| Ab¨ GKRb mgv‡jvPK gZcÖKvk K‡i‡Qb Ñ nq‡Zv GKRb eq¯‹ †jLK m¤¢eZ eBwU wj‡L‡Qb Ges wUbGR GK †g‡qi bv‡g Zv Qvcv n‡q‡Q| ïay Av‡jvob ˆZwii Rb¨| cov‡kvbv ev`| `yeQi mgq wb‡q wjL‡jb Av mviZv mywii (Un Certain Sourire)| Gevi wek eQ‡ii mi‡ev‡b©i GK QvÎx| mvMui eq‡mi †P‡q GK eQ‡ii †QvU †g‡qwU m¤ú‡K© Rwo‡q c‡o †cÖwg‡Ki PvPvi m‡½| wÎ‡KvY m¤ú‡K©i Mí| cÂv‡ki `k‡K d«v‡Ýi wkímvwnZ¨, Pjw”PÎ d¨vk‡bi cÖwZ mgxn I AvKl©Y wQj wek¦e¨vcx| nq‡Zv †mRb¨B d«v‡Ýi †e÷‡mjvi MÖšw’ U we‡k¦i Ab¨vb¨ †`‡kI mvov †d‡jwQj| `xwÿZ Ges A`xwÿZ cvV‡Ki gy»‡eva AR©b K‡iwQj| divwm ey‡R©vqv cwiev‡ii mgv‡Ri Abv‡jvwKZ GK ev¯Íe, e¨w³i m¤úK© I Rxe‡bi Mí Abvqv‡m eY©bv K‡i‡Qb mvMu| ïay cÖvYnxb †U·U bq, wb‡Ri fvebv Avi Kíbvi SjK‡K hyMjew›` K‡i‡Qb iPbvq| cÖKvkfw½i ¸‡YB eBwU cÖKv‡ki c‡ii eQi we‡k¦i Ab¨vb¨ †`‡k wewµi kxl© ZvwjKvi gh©v`v cvq| Ab~w`Z nq Bs‡iwR, RvcvwbR, wneªæmn Ab¨vb¨ fvlvq| Bs‡iwR ms¯‹i‡Y eBwUi Abyev` K‡iwQ‡jb Bwib A¨vk| cÖKvk K‡ib Rb gyivwi| 1955 mv‡j †c½yB‡bi †ccvi e¨vKmn|

c‡i †c½yB‡bi bZzb m¤úv`K 2013 mv‡j bZzb Abyev‡ì Rb¨ Møvm‡Mv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi divwm mvwn‡Zï cÖv³b Aa¨vcK‡K †`b| wZwb jÿ K‡ib, Bwib A¨v‡ki Abyev‡` d«vu ‡mvqv‡Ri iPbvi GKk ev‡KïI †ewk ev` †M‡Q| kvixwiK NwbôZvi Aa¨vqwUmn bZzb Abyev‡` GRvZxq ÎæwU¸‡jv ms‡kvab Kiv nq| †jLK-Rxe‡b 40wUi †ewk MÖš’ cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb d«vu ‡mvqvR| wekwU Dcb¨vm, wZb L‡Ði †QvUMí mgMÖ, bqwU bvUK, `ywU RxebxMÖšm’ n AmsL¨ iPbv cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb| welq Ñ e¨w³, ¯’vb, wewfbœ wRwbm, hv wZwb fv‡jvevm‡Zb| hy‡×vËi eûj cÖPvwiZ eB¸‡jvi g‡a¨ GKwU †euvRi w_ªm‡Zm| c‡i Zuvi iwPZ Ab¨vb¨ eBI cvVKwcÖqZv †c‡qwQj Ges Ab~w`Z n‡qwQj wewfbœ fvlvq Ñ Av mviZv mywii (Un certain Sourire 1956), A¨vB‡g-f‚-eªvg (Aimez vous Brahms 1960), jv kvgv` (La ehamade 1966), †jv Mvi` `¨ †Kvi (Le garde du coeur 1968), Av‡¤úv `¨ †QvjvB `¨vb †jv †dvqv` (Unpeu de soleil dans l’e©au froide 1971), jv dvg dvi‡` cv‡i (La femme farde©e parait 1983), †j byqvR g¨vifvBq (Leo nuages merueilleux 1962) Ges †jv wkqv Kzk u (Le chien couchant 1980)| cÖPv‡ii Zxeª Av‡jv‡Z †mwj‡eªwU| †i÷z‡i‡›U Zuvi Dcw¯’wZ‡Z

K_v eÜ K‡i †jvKRb Ny‡i ZvKvq| `„wó‡Z m¤£g, weL¨vZ †jLK‡K †`Lvi AvKl©Y| mdjZv, m¤§v‡b Av‡jvwKZ bvix| weË-mvg_©¨ nv‡Zi gy‡Vvq| c¨vwi‡mi †jdU e¨vs‡K A¨vcvU©‡g›U †bb| wK‡b †d‡jb kw³kvjx Rv¸qvi KbfvwU©‡ej xk140| cyi‡bv eÜz‡ì m‡½ †e‡o‡Q bZzb eÜz, AbyivMxi msL¨v| Rxe‡bi cÖwZ g‡bvfve wQj FRy| wQj mnRvZ mvnm| wb‡Ri AmsjMœZv ev AmsMwZi c‡iI AwePj| wjevwU© DB_ †WÄvi (Libertty with danger) wQj †eu‡P _vKvi Abyl½| cÖ_g Dcb¨vm †jLvi wZb eQi ci DËi d«v‡Ýi wi‡mvU© kni wgwj-jv d‡i‡Z (Milly-la Foret) wb‡Ri †Kbv GmUb-gviwUb Mvwo fqven `yNU© bvKewjZ nq| g„Z¨z ‡K †`‡L‡Qb wkq‡i| gv_vi Lywj‡Z Wvej d«vKPvi| ey‡Ki cuvRi fvOv, Zj‡c‡U AvNvZmn †`‡ni wewfbœ As‡k RLg wb‡q g„Z¨z i m‡½ jovB K‡i‡Qb| `xN© Qq gvm _vK‡Z n‡q‡Q nvmcvZv‡j, cy‡ivcwi Av‡ivM¨ jvf K‡i my¯’ n‡Z| wQ‡jb Avb‡›ì c~Rvwi| Avb›`gqx| †cvkvK, Pjv‡div, Lvwj cv‡q †iwms Kvi Pvwj‡q‡Qb| mgy`ª kni muv-_ª‡c‡R| wQj bv bvix R‡b¥i †Kv‡bv wØav| GKK ¯úa©vq wZwb ¯^Zš¿| L¨vwZi m‡½ Rxebavivq Zviæ‡Yï ù‚wZ©, Awbqg wQj mgvšÍiv‡j| †fvi Aewa iv‡Zi K¬v‡e mgq KvUv‡bv, g`cvb, Ryqv‡Ljv Ñ wejvmx hvc‡b AwgZe¨qx| `yNU© bvq wkq‡i g„Z¨z ‡K †`‡LI wQ‡jb A`gbxq, B”QvZvwoZ| Acwi‡gq Avb›àvivq Rxe‡b wb‡Ri g‡Zv K‡i †mwj‡eªkb K‡i‡Qb| d«vu ‡mvqv‡Ri Rxeb‡K †`Lv, Dc‡fvM Kivi m~ÎUv wQj wfbœ| `yNU© bvi ciI Zuvi †¯úvU©m Kvi Pvjv‡bv‡Z wQj Zxeª DÏxcbv| 1985 mv‡j Av‡fK †gv †gBqi my¨‡fwbi (Avec mon meilleur souvonir) wj‡LwQ‡jb Ñ Ôhvi MwZ‡Z †ivgvÝ †bB Zvi Rxe‡bI †Kv‡bv wkniY †bB|Õ w`kvnxb evqyhv‡bi g‡Zv Mfxi Zxeª MwZ‡Z wQj AvKl©Y| Aby”PvwiZ AšÍ‡ii K_v ej‡Zb †jLvq| †eu‡P _vKvi †cÖiYv wQj mvwnZ¨| cÖ_v †f‡O wb‡R‡K `yiƒn RwUj hvc‡b fvwm‡q w`‡q‡Qb| AwfRvZ cwiev‡i R‡b¥‡Qb| wKš‘ eënv‡i, K‡g©, wPšÍ‡b †gwK gvbwmKZvi cÖjvc wQj bv| Zuvi Rxeb eûeY©, eûgvwÎK, eû NUbvi mgš^q| d«vu ‡mvqv‡Ri RxebUv wQj Avcmnxb Awfhv‡bi g‡Zv| mgvR-iv‡óªi A‡bK ew¼gZv wb‡q †mv”Pvi, hyw³-bxwZ‡Z Avcmnxb| ev‡iv eQi eq‡m GKwU Z_¨wPÎ †`‡LwQ‡jb bvwR K¨v‡¤úi Ici| wZwb mn¨ Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb| ÔBûw`Õ ZKgv †mu‡U RvwZMZ êl‡gï †iv‡l wbwe©Pvi cxob, nZ¨v I Ae`gb| 1960 mv‡j Avj‡Rwiqvi hy× m¤ú‡K© wek` AeMZ n‡q j G·‡cÖm (L© express) cwÎKvq wbh©vwZZ Rvwgjv eycvkvi gyw³i Rb¨ †j‡Lb| c‡i †hme divwm ˆmb¨ hy× Ki‡Z Awb”QyK Zv‡ì mg_©‡b fvB d«v¼mn 121 R‡bi ¯^vÿi msMÖn K‡ib| GB Ôjv Av‡cj 121Õ (L© appel de 121) wQj GKwU gvbweK `vwe| d«vu wmR Rb wQ‡jb ¯^vaxbZvKvgx Avj‡Rwiqvi RbM‡Yi mg_©‡b KvR K‡i Ggb GKwU msMV‡bi cÖavb| Zuvi m‡½ cwiP‡qi ci mvMu wb‡R‡K hy³ K‡ib gywy ³Kvgx †hv×v‡ì mvnv‡h¨| `k eQi ci Av‡iKwU ¯^vÿi Awfhv‡b †mv”Pvi nb| Rxe‡bi mZ¨‡K mnRfv‡e †`Lvi `c©‡Y bvix‡ì Mf©cv‡Zi c‡ÿ 343 R‡bi ¯^vÿimn RbgZ M‡o †Zv‡jb| KvR K‡i‡Qb †Rbv‡ij `¨ M‡ji wbe©vP‡bi c‡ÿ 1964 mv‡j| ivóªcwZ d«vu ‡mvqv wg‡Ziuvi m‡½ Avjvc ïay bq, nvw`©K m¤ú‡K©i GK wewPÎ mg‡SvZv wQj Zuv‡ì| ivRbxwZ I mvMu ïay †Kv‡bv AvbyôvwbKZv bq, eis Zv wQj GK ˆbwZKZvi welq| 1998 mv‡ji Rvbyqvwi‡Z Ôwj‡eivwkIÕ GK ¯§iY (Hommage) msL¨v cÖKvk K‡i Awfhy³ KiwQ (J©accuse) wk‡ivbv‡g, hv‡Z 1960 mv‡j Avj‡Rwiqvi hy‡×i we‡ivwaZv K‡i‡Q Ggb 121 R‡bi bvg cÖKvwkZ nq| wKš‘ mvMu I Zuvi fvB d«v‡¼i bvg bv _vKvq wZwb

m¤úv`K‡K wPwV †j‡Lb| Rvbvb Õ60 mv‡j Zuv‡ì bvg msev`c‡Î cÖKvwkZ n‡j Kxfv‡e nqivwb Ges cywjwk †Rivi gy‡LvgywL n‡Z n‡qwQj Zuv‡ì| Avj‡Rwiqvq divwm ivóªbxwZi Ae`gb wb‡q wZwb wQ‡jb ¯úóev`x| `vk©wb‡Ki GK wegMœ D`vmxbZv wQj Ugeq B‡g‡Ri AšÍiv‡j| GKevi Z`šÍKvix g¨vwR‡÷ªU‡K e‡jwQ‡jb Ñ ÔGK Møvm Zxeª †mvWv cvwb MjvatKi‡Yi Abyfw‚ Z nq hw` Avgvi, †mUv Avgvi wb‡Ri mgm¨v|Õ Zuvi `„wó‡Z †ivgvÝ wbivb‡›ìI n‡Z cv‡i| 1980 mv‡j ¯^mg‡qi aviK KÉ¯î e‡j‡Qb Ñ Avgvi g‡b nq fv‡jvevmv GK ai‡bi Amy¯Z ’ v| cÖgËZv| KL‡bv Avwg wZb ev Pvi eQ‡ii Rb¨ cÖgË _vwK| wKš‘ KL‡bv Zuvi †ewk bB| Avwg g‡b Kwi gvbyl GKm‡½ myLx n‡Z cv‡i `xN© mg‡qi Rb¨, hv Avwg wek¦vm Kwi Zvi †_‡KI| Z‡e Avwg g‡b Kwi bv Zv wPiw`‡bi n‡Z cv‡i| GK Abe`¨ eY©bv w`‡q ïiæ K‡iwQ‡jb cÖ_g †jLv MÖš’ Ñ A strange melancholy pervades me to which I hesitate to give the grave and beautiful name of sorrow. hwÌ `ytL, welYœZvi g‡Zv we‡klY¸‡jv mvMui e¨w³mËvi Rb¨ †egvbvb wQj| d«vu ‡mvqvR mvMu gv‡b Rxeb‡K Aweivg fv‡jvevmv, Acwi‡gq fv‡jvevmv| cÖ_vMZ †mŠ›`‡h©i fvlvI e`‡j w`‡q‡Qb wZwb| wb®úvc gyLveqe †mvbvwj †QvU Pz‡ji ¸”Q| ¯^fv‡e D”Qj, bgbxq my›ìx| Zuvi Av‡e`bgqx e¨w³‡Z¡i `y¨wZ AvfvMvW©bvi‡KI cÖjä y K‡i‡Q| mvMu iPbvq bvixi fvebv wbweo eyb‡b Zz‡j ai‡Z cvi‡Zb| Zuvi Dcb¨vm¸‡jv‡Z bvixi cÖKw… Z, Abyfw‚ Z Ges cyiæ‡li m‡½ m¤ú‡K©i imvq‡bi cÖwZwµqvUv _vKZ| bvixi Av‡eM Avi wbR¯^ wbf…wZ cÖKv‡k Abe`¨ wQ‡jb| cj Gjyqv‡ii GKwU KweZvi Bs‡iwR Abyev` Ñ Aging is a Process for your to organize your youth as you go through the years. wKš‘ d«vu ‡mvqvR Zuvi ZviæY¨‡K Gjyqv‡ii k‡ãi g‡Zv myweb¨¯Í Kivi `vq †bbwb| nq‡Zv †gav Avi gb‡bi `xwß I Aw¯’iZv Ñ Aweb¨vmB wQj Zuvi AšÍMp~© web¨vm| Õ57 mv‡j Mvwo `yNU© bvq gvivZ¥K AvnZ nIqvi ci †_‡KB giwd‡b Avmw³| wgwj‡Z `yNU© bvi ci Ávb wdi‡j wb‡R‡K Avwe®‹vi K‡iwQ‡jb nvmcvZv‡ji kh¨vq| e¨_vbvkK cvjwdqvg Wªv‡Mi Ici Zuvi wbf©iZv GZUvB wQj †h, wZwb †n‡ivBb wb‡Zb| K¬vwšÍ `~i Ki‡Z wb‡Zb †Kv‡Kb| Avi KvR Ki‡Zb w`‡bi †ejvq| e¨_vbvkK giwdb ¯^w¯Í w`‡jI giwdbB wQj Zuvi kÎæ| wewfbœ nvmcvZv‡j wPwKrmv‡k‡l giwdb-Avmw³ K‡g hvq| wKš‘ c‡i evievi wZwb †m-Af¨v‡m wd‡i †M‡Qb| m„wókxj †jLK, bvix mvMui PvB‡ZI gnr wKQyi Ici ùvwo‡q wQj Zuvi Rxeb, †h-Rxebhvc‡bi g‡a¨ ÔMwZÕ wQj ¯ú„nvi Hk¦h|© eªv`vm© KvivgvR‡fi AvwjIkvi g‡Zv Rxe‡bi gv‡b †LuvRvi †P‡q †ewk ìKvi Rxeb‡K fv‡jvevmv| ZvB ˆbwZK-A‰bwZK ¯^fv‡ei bvbv wePz¨wZ wb‡qI wb‡Ri Avkv-AvKv•ÿv‡K Kzwb©k K‡i‡Qb evievi| wbqg bv-gvbv Rxe‡b mvMu weZwK©Z n‡q‡Qb eûevi| Awfhy³ n‡q‡Qb Ki duvwK I WªvM †me‡bi `v‡q| Wªv‡Mi Rb¨ DcvwR©Z A‡_©i weivU AsK e¨q K‡i‡Qb Aejxjvq| GKevi wcÖq †cvl¨ KzKiz wU Zuvi iægvj ïu‡K Amy¯’ n‡q c‡owQj| 1985 mv‡j divwm ivóªcwZ d«vu ‡mvqv wg‡Ziuvi m‡½ K‡¤úvwWqv ågYKv‡j †nwjKÞv‡i Ifvi‡WvR †Kv‡Kb wb‡q Amy¯’ n‡q c‡ob| Aek¨ †m-hvÎvq iÿv cvb| 1983 mv‡j wØZxqev‡ii g‡Zv Av`vj‡Z Awfhy³ nb

WªvM †me‡bi Rb¨| Av`vj‡Z wePv‡ii Av‡M GK mvÿvrKv‡i bRiKvov eënvi| wgwjUvwi mvwf©m †kl K‡ib Avjv¯‹vq| c‡i w`‡qwQ‡jb we‡ùviK eqvb Ñ ÔAvgvi Awek¦vm¨ fvM¨, KviY wZwb †hvM †`b KvbvWvi AvBm e¨v‡j Uª‡y c| †mLvb †_‡K P‡j Avwg hLb eo n‡qwQ, †m-mgqUv‡Z Mf©wb‡ivaK wcj G‡m‡Q| hvb †gw·‡Kv‡Z cøvw÷K AvU© co‡Z| wZwb d¨vkb d‡Uvi g‡WjI hLb Avgvi AvVv‡iv, Avwg AšÍtmË¡v nIqvi f‡q kw¼Z _vKZvg| wQ‡jb| GKw`b w¯’i K‡ib c¨vwim Avm‡eb `y-mßv‡ni Rb¨; wKš‘ Zvici Zv G‡jv Ges †cÖg wQj eÜbnxb Ges cÖvq wZwik eQi wZwb Avg„Z¨z c¨vwi‡mB †_‡K hvb| d«vu ‡mvqvR mvMui m¤ú‡K© wjL‡Z †M‡j Zuvi ¯^vgx iev‡U©i cÖm½ †Kv‡bv wech©q QvovB| Zvici GBWm G‡jv|Õ Jcb¨vwmK mvMu Ges e¨w³ mvMu‡K wb‡q cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q Acwinvh©| Zuv‡ì cwiP‡qi Aa¨vqwU M‡íi g‡Zv| d«v‡Ý Avmvi A‡bK RxebxMÖš|’ gvwi`wgwbK †jvwjGf mvMui Rxebx‡Z wj‡L‡Qb Rvnv‡R cwiPq n‡qwQj AwfRvZ ZiæY kvj©m `¨ †ivnvb kv‡ivi Ñ cvVKiv mwZ¨B GK ai‡bi GKvZ¥Zv †eva KiZ Zuvi m‡½| m‡½| `yR‡bi g‡a¨ eÜz‡Z¡i m~ÎcvZ ZLbB| †ivnvb wQ‡jb d«vu ‡mvqv‡Ri Nwbô eÜz| wUbGR †_‡K bvwb-`vw` me eqmxiv Zuvi †jLv c‡o‡Q| cvIjv mv Ry÷ e‡j GK abx I my›ìxi m‡½ m¤úK© wQj d«vu ‡mvqvR mvMui K‡qKwU Dcb¨vm wb‡q Pjw”PÎ n‡q‡Q| wZwb wb‡Ri †jLv bvU‡Ki wb‡`©kbv w`‡q‡Qb| cwiPvjbv K‡i‡Qb †Rvnv‡bi| eëmvi Kvi‡Y `yR‡b we‡qi wm×všÍ †bb Ges gayPw›`ªgvi Rb¨ d«vu ‡mvqv‡Ri bigw›ì evwo‡Z Av‡mb| †ivnv‡bi Pjw”PÎ †j dz‡R eøÿ (Leo Fougeres Bleus) 1977 mv‡j| Dw`Z m~‡h©i g‡Zv m¤¢vebvgq m„RbmËv| GK mg‡q Zuv‡K m‡½ wQ‡jb eÜz ievU©I| beweevwnZ `¤úwZi g‡a¨ gv‡Sg‡a¨ y SMovi D`&wMiY n‡j D‡ËwRZ `yRb N‡i †cøU, WvKv n‡Zv ÔA‡a©K RywW Mvi‡jÛ, A‡a©K ¯‹U wKURviìÕ| m„wói weev` ev Zzgj mdjZv Ges RbwcÖqZvi cÖ_g c‡e© wZwb wbDBq‡K© wM‡qwQ‡jb| wRwbmcÎ Qyo‡Zb PZzw`©‡K| d«vu ‡mvqvR Avi ee (iev‡U©i WvKbvg) cÖ_g Dcb¨vm Bs‡iwR‡Z Ab~w`Z n‡j Av‡gwiKvi weï×ev`x‡ì evwo †_‡K †ewi‡q co‡Zb| P‡j †h‡Zb we‡P ev R½‡j Nyi‡Z| Abyfw‚ Z‡Z AvNvZ jv‡M| hwÌ cÖwZw`b `kR‡bi g‡Zv AbyivMx Zuv‡ì †cÖg, cÖY‡qi ïiæ bigw›`‡ZB| `yR‡b we‡q K‡ib 1962 mv‡ji 10 Rvbyqvwi| Zuv‡ì cyÎ cvVK wbDBq‡K©i †nv‡U‡ji mvg‡b ùvwo‡q _vKZ, ïay mvMu‡K †`Lvi Rb¨| `k©bv_x© AbyivMx‡ì eB‡Z wj‡L w`‡Zb Ñ `wbi Rb¥ nq 27 Ryb c¨vwi‡mi Av‡gwiKvb nvmcvZv‡j| mšÍv‡bi with all my sympathy. K‡qKw`b ci †KD GKRb Zuv‡K gv nIqvi ci AmvaviY GK Abyfw‚ Z e¨³ K‡iwQ‡jb Ñ ÔAvwg e‡jb Gi A_© ùvov‡”Q Ñ ÔAvgvi me mg‡e`bvÕ (avec mes kvLvmn GKwU e„ÿ|Õ wØZxq we‡qI we‡”Q‡ì g‡a¨ mgvß nq 1963 mv‡j| Z‡e condolence)| nwjD‡W Pjw”PÎ RM‡Zi K‡qKR‡bi m‡½ cwiwPZ nb| `yR‡bi g‡a¨ eÜz‡Z¡i m¤úK©Uv wU‡K wQj| `yR‡b GKm‡½ Zuv‡ì g‡a¨ BbwMÖW evM©g¨vb‡K †euvRi w_ªm‡Z‡m Awfb‡qi Rb¨ _vK‡ZbI| G-cÖm‡½ d«vu ‡mvqv‡Ri K_v Ñ Ô... KviY Avwg g‡b ejv n‡qwQj| wKš‘ ÔA‰bwZKÕ e‡j wZwb PwiÎwU Ki‡Z Pvbwb| c‡i A‡Wª †nc‡evb© QwewU Ki‡Z ivwR nb| †U‡bwm DBwjqv‡gi m‡½ Avjvc n‡qwQj Av‡gwiKv‡ZB| wK I‡q‡÷ †nwgsI‡qi evwo‡Z weovj‡ì GK †`Šo cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq mvMu‡K Avgš¿Y Rvbvb †U‡bwm DBwjqvg| GB cwiPq m~‡ÎB Zuv‡ì eÜzZ,¡ cieZx©Kv‡j Zv Mfxi eÜz‡Z¡ iƒc †bq| we‡q K‡iwQ‡jb evBk eQi eq‡m| 1958 mv‡j wM †kvjvi‡K| cÖKvkbvRM‡Zi †cvc| D¾¡j e¨w³Z¡| d«vu ‡mvqv‡Ri †P‡q wek eQ‡ii eo| we‡q‡Z Dcw¯’Z wQ‡jb Mv¯Í Mvwjgvi, Bw_‡qi `¨ eKg‡ij, Av‡mZ cÖKvkbvi cÖKvkK‡ì g‡Zv wewkóRbiv| Abyôvb n‡qwQj weL¨vZ e¨w³ cÖKvkK wc‡qï jv Rv‡i‡di evwo‡Z (ev‡iv eQi eq‡m cÖ_g cvÐzwjwc huv‡K cvwV‡qwQ‡jb d«vu ‡mvqvR)| we‡qi ciI K¨v‡d K¬v‡ei ˆbkRxeb| wbqwgZ evB‡i ivZ KvUv‡bv PjwQj| aiveuvav wbqwš¿Z Rxeb Zuvi ¯^fvewe‡ivax| d‡j we‡”Q` ÔAek¨¤¢vexÕ n‡q c‡o 1960 mv‡j| `yeQi ci Avevi m¤ú‡K© Rwo‡q we‡q 1962 mv‡ji 10 Rvbyqvwi| ¯^vgx eivU© I‡q÷ _d Av‡gwiKvi wmivwgK wkíx Ges fv¯‹i| Zuvi Rxeb wb‡qB eB †jLv hvq Ñ Ggb gšÍe¨ K‡iwQ‡jb weL¨vZ mvwnZ¨-mgv‡jvPK e¨vibvi wc‡fv| iev‡U©i Rb¥ wg‡b‡mvUvq| 16 eQi eq‡m Rvj KvMR ˆZwi K‡i BDGm wegvbevwnbx‡Z †hvM †`b| †`L‡Z my`k©b| ga¨gv‡bi eyw×gËv, Kwe, †jLK, Pjw”PÎ wbg©vZv Ru †KvK‡Zvi m‡½ duvª ‡mvqvR

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100

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†Zvgv‡ì| †mLv‡b Av¸‡b cyo‡e †Zvgv‡ì gvsm| cÖ_‡g ¯^‡M©i evMv‡b myLx Rxe‡bi K_v wek¦vm KiZ bv MÖv‡gi gvbyliv| Ggb RvqMv †Kv_vq, †hLv‡b memgq m~‡h©i Av‡jv †`Lv hvq, †hLv‡b †Kv‡bv hš¿Yv ev g„Zz¨ †bB? wKš‘ Ck¦icyÎiv Ggb †Rv‡ii m‡½ K_v¸‡jv e‡j, MÖvgevmx GKmgq wek¦vm Ki‡Z ïiæ K‡i| GKUv wg_¨v evievi ejv n‡j gvbyl Zv wek¦vm K‡i| †Kv‡bv bv †Kv‡bv wek¦vm Qvov †Zv gvbyl euvP‡Z cv‡i bv| m‡›`nev`x‡ì Kx K‡i Rq Ki‡Z nq, Zv RvbZ ag©¸iæiv| KL‡bv wgwó K_v e‡j, KL‡bv ûgwK w`‡q, KL‡bv-ev Nyl w`‡q| Zviv msL¨vq hZ evo‡Z jvMj, ZZB †¯^”QvPvix n‡q DVj| Zv‡ì wbR¯^ wePvimfvq Awek¦vmx‡ì kvwšÍ w`‡Z ïiæ Kij, we‡ivax gZvej¤^x‡ì †jLvcÎ †cvov‡Z jvMj| GB mg‡q wmgb G‡m †cuŠ‡QwQj mvgvwiqv‡Z| †m cÖPvi Ki‡Z ïiæ Kij, ag©¸iæ‡ì Ck¦i-AZ¨vPvix, ZvB †m KL‡bv gvby‡li Ck¦i n‡Z cv‡i bv| Zv‡ì Ck¦i Ñ wR‡nvfv gvbyl‡K N„Yv K‡i, nZ¨v K‡i, gviK exR Qwo‡q †`q MÖv‡g-MÖv‡g, Liv I eb¨v wb‡q Av‡m, `yt¯^cœ I wb`ªvnxbZvq RvwM‡q iv‡L gvbyl‡K| Avgv‡ì c~e©cyiæl‡ì ¯^‡M©i evMv‡b RvqMv w`‡jI me‡P‡q wgwó dj †L‡Z †`qwb| ZvB gvbyl fvj Avi g‡›ì cv_©K¨ †k‡Lwb| Avgv‡ì `yf©vMv c~e©cyiæliv †mB dj wb‡Z †M‡j Ck¦i Zv‡ì Kzô‡ivMx‡ì gZ Zvwo‡q w`‡jv, Zvi nv‡Z ZLb Av‡Mœq Zievwi| †Kb? GB Ck¦i Rv‡b ïay N„Yv I wnsmv| ¯^vaxbZvi e`‡j †m w`‡Z Pvq `vmZ¡, Áv‡bi cwie‡Z© aiveuvav eywj... wmgb D‡ËwRZ n‡q wPrKvi Ki‡Z _v‡K, Ômvgvwiqvi gvbyliv, e‡jv, Ck¦i wK †Zvgv‡ì Ni †f‡O †`qwb? Liv wb‡q Av‡mwb? fqsKi †cøM wK †Zvgv‡ì Rxeb DRvo K‡i †`qwb? Zvn‡j †Kgb †m Ck¦i, Kx Zvi wePvi, †h KL‡bv cÖwZwnsmv fzj‡Z cv‡i bv? wcUvi, Rb, cj Ñ Giv Ck¦‡ii †h ivR‡Z¡i K_v e‡j Zv m‰e©e wg_¨v| Zv‡ì Ck¦iI wg_¨v| †hLv‡b mevB wg_¨v e‡j, †mLv‡b Avjv`v K‡i Avi wg_¨v _v‡K bv| Zv‡ì ag©MÖš’ wg_¨v| †h-¯^‡M©i K_v Ck¦icyÎiv e‡j, Zv wg_¨v, †Kbbv †mB ¯^M© Zv‡ìB nv‡Z, ¯^‡M©i ìRvq ZvivB ùvwo‡q _v‡K| Iiv e‡j, nZ¨v K‡iv bv| wKš‘ I‡ì Ck¦iB †Zv nZ¨vKvix|Õ wmgb †`‡L, G‡K-G‡K mevB P‡j hv‡”Q, ïay Zvi AbyMvgxiv K‡qKRb i‡q †M‡Q| Avi †mvwdqv| eQiwZwi‡ki GB †QvULv‡Uv gwnjvi †PvL`ywU eo Mfxi| †mB `„wó †_‡K †PvL †div‡Z cv‡i bv wmgb| wmg‡bi AbyMvgx‡ì Kv‡Q †mvwdqv †mŠ›`h© I Áv‡bi cÖZxK| wLªóvbiv Zvi bv‡g A‡bK Kzrmv iUbv K‡i‡Q| †m fÐ Ges †ek¨v| wmgb †m-K_v ï‡b †n‡m e‡j‡Q, ÔwVKB †Zv| †mvwdqv wQj `vmigYx, iwÿZv| G‡ZB †Zv wR‡nvfvi wbôziZv, Zvi m„wói wnsmªZv cÖgvwYZ nq|Õ †mvwdqv‡K cwZZ †è`~Z g‡b KiZ wmgb, eû kZvãx a‡i bvbv iƒ‡c †m Rb¥MÖn‡Y K‡i‡Q Avi eZ©gvb R‡b¥ wmwiqvi †ek¨vj‡qi cwZZv| Ggb mgq wcUvi I Zvi wkl¨‡ì †`L‡Z †cj wmgb| Zviv wmg‡bi mvg‡b G‡m ùvovj| wcUvi ejj, ÔCk¦icyÎ A‡bK hš¿Yv m‡q‡Qb| Zuvi A‡jŠwKKZv Zuvi b¨vqcivqYZviB cÖgvY|Õ wmgb †n‡m DVj, ÔA‡jŠwKKZv b¨vqcivqYZvi cÖgvY n‡Z cv‡i bv| Gme †Zvgv‡ì whïwLª‡ói cvMjvwg|Õ Ñ Zzwg Kx Rv‡bv A‡jŠwK‡Ki? Ñ †`L‡e? Avwg GLbB AvKv‡k D‡o †h‡Z cvwi| Ñ Avwg †`L‡Z PvB| wcUvi Kuvcv-Kuvcv ¯^‡i ejj| wmgb ejj, ÔAvwg mßg ¯^M© ch©šÍ †cuŠQ‡Z cvie bv| Zvi

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109

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†bviv-wegjvKzmyg I Avwg AuvwL wmwÏKv wKš‘ AvKvk †`wL, Av‡Rv Iovi gK‡kv Kwi| g„Yvj wKsev †bvivi g‡Zv fvewQ, hv †nvK †ewi‡q cwo|

...for eight years I’ve been living here with a stranger, and that I’d even conceived three children — oh, I can’t stand the thought of it! I could tear myself to bits. Ñ †bviv Avgvi ¯^vgx eivei e‡j G‡m‡Qb, ¯¿x-cyiæ‡li ci¯ú‡ii cÖwZ mgvb AwaKvi, myZivs Zv‡ì mgvb †cÖ‡gi m¤^Ü| G wb‡q Avwg Zuvi m‡½ †Kv‡bvw`b ZK© Kwiwb| wKš‘ Avgvi gb e‡j, fw³‡Z gvbyl‡K mgvb nIqvi evav †`q bv| fw³‡Z gvbyl‡K Ic‡ii w`‡K †Zv‡j mgvb Ki‡Z Pvq| ZvB mgvb n‡Z _vKvi Avb›` Zv‡Z eivei cvIqv hvq, †Kv‡bvw`b Zv Pz‡K wM‡q †njvi wRwbm n‡q I‡V bv| †cÖ‡gi _vjvq fw³ c~Rv-AviwZi Av‡jvi g‡Zv Ñ c~Rv †h K‡i Ges huv‡K c~Rv Kiv nq `y‡qi Ic‡iB †m-Av‡jv mgvb n‡q c‡o| Avwg AvR wbðq †R‡bwQ, ¯¿x‡jv‡Ki fv‡jvevmv c~Rv K‡iB c~wRZ nq Ñ bB‡j †m waK waK| Avgv‡ì fv‡jvevmvi cÖ`xc hLb R¡‡j, ZLb Zvi wkLv Ic‡ii w`‡K I‡V Ñ cÖ`x‡ci †cvov †ZjB wb‡Pi w`‡K co‡Z cv‡i| Ñ wegjv gvbyl wK †jvnvq Mov †h, wPiKvj †m GKiKg _vK‡e, e`jv‡e bv? ej‡Z e‡mwQ hLb Kov K‡iB ewj, AvR nvZ a‡i Uvb‡jI Avwg hve bv| Ñ Kzmyg GLb Avwg Avevi cyZzj hwÌ Pz‡j iæ‡cvi Rwi| †Q‡j‡g‡q `g w`‡q hvq, `g dz‡iv‡j evwZj Nwo| cyZzj evwo Ñ cyZzj evwoi gvwjK Avwg K¶‡bv bB| `y‡ai g‡Zv cvÎMZ, KL‡bv ¶xi, KL‡bv `B| Av‡Rv

†ewi‡q covi gš¿‡ZB cwiPq n‡qwQj Avgvi m‡½ †bviv-wegjv I Kzmy‡gi| Rvwb bv, KLb †h Zv‡ì m‡½ mLÏ ˆZwi n‡jv Pzwcmv‡i| hwÌ Zv‡ì Avmv wfbœ mg‡q wfbœ wfbœ ¯’v‡b wfbœ cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z| wKš‘ êKz‡Éi myi †hb GKB mËvq GKB Zv‡b †M‡q D‡VwQj Avgvi-Avgv‡ì ü`qZš¿x‡Z| 1879 mv‡j bvU¨Kvi †nbwiK Be‡m‡bi nvZ a‡i biI‡qi †Kv‡bv GK kn‡i A¨v Wjm nvD‡m †bvivi Avwef©ve| 1916 mv‡j wek¦Kwe iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi kvwšÍwb‡KZb †_‡K N‡i evB‡i cÖKvk Kivi ga¨ w`‡q †ei n‡q G‡jb wegjv| Avi Kzmyg †Zv Avgv‡ì cwiwPZ AvcbRb, whwb G‡jb gvwbK e‡›`¨vcva¨v‡qi cyZzjbv‡Pi BwZK_v †_‡K Ñ Zvi K_v †kvbv‡jb 1936 mv‡j KjKvZvq| wZb-`yB `k‡Ki eëavb Lye †ewk bv n‡jI †PZbvq wfbœZv _vKvUv ¯^vfvweK, Zv m‡Ë¡I wZbRb cyiæl mvejxjfv‡e Gu‡KwQ‡jb wZb bvix PwiÎ, Zv Kv‡ji mxgv †cwi‡q GL‡bv MÖnY‡hvM¨, GL‡bv Zuv‡ì Dcw¯’wZ †hb †ivR Avgv‡ì †Pv‡Li mvg‡b †nu‡U †eovq, †hb g‡b Kwi‡q †`q Ñ From below, the sound of a door slamming shut| msmvi †Q‡o †ewi‡q G‡mwQj †bviv| †ei nIqvi mgq m‡Rv‡i eÜ K‡iwQj ìRv| Avi bvU‡Ki †kl evK¨ wQj GUv| GB ìRv eÜ nIqvi AvIqvR cyiælZvwš¿K MwÐ †_‡K bvixi †ewi‡q Avmvi RqaŸwb| N‡i evB‡ii wegjvi DuwKSzuwKi gv‡S WvK Av‡m DËvj e½f‡½i| m¤úÖxwZi ivwLeÜb K‡i †mB fvOb‡K iæ‡L †`b m~‡h©i g‡Zv `xß GK cyiæl| †`k †h †Kv‡bv †fŠ‡MvwjK mxgvbv bq, †`k †h civaxb RvwZi AvZ¥vq emevm K‡i, †`‡ki g~K gyL †h gvby‡liB Acgvb! †m m›`xc| wbwL‡j‡ki eÜz| ¯^vgxi eÜzi m‡½ Rwo‡q coj wegjv Ñ ÔGZw`b Avwg wQjyg MÖv‡gi GKwU †Qv‡Uv b`x; ZLb wQj Avgvi GK Q›`, GK fvlv| wKš‘ KLb GKw`b †Kv‡bv Lei bv w`‡q mgy‡`ªi evb †W‡K Gj; Avgvi eyK dz‡j DVj, Avgvi K‚j Qvwc‡q †Mj, mgy‡`ªi Wgiæi Zv‡j Zv‡j Avgvi †mªv‡Zi KjZvb †e‡R †e‡R DV‡Z jvMj| Avwg Avcbvi i‡³i wfZiKvi †mB aŸwbi wVK A_©Uv †Zv eyS‡Z cvijyg bv| †m Avwg †Kv_vq †Mj? nVvr Avgvi g‡a¨ iƒ‡ci †XD †Kv_v †_‡K Ggb K‡i †dwb‡q Gj? m›`xceveyi `yB AZ…ß †PvL Avgvi †mŠ›`‡h©i w`‡K †hb c~Rvi cÖ`x‡ci g‡Zv R¡‡j DVj| iƒ‡c‡Z kw³‡Z Avwg †h Avðh©, †m-K_v m›`xceveyi mg¯Í PvIqvq KIqvq gw›`‡ii Kuvmi

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NÈvi g‡Zv AvKvk dvwU‡q evR‡Z jvMj| †mw`b Zv‡ZB c„w_exi Ab¨ mg¯Í AvIqvR †X‡K w`‡j|Õ †h-mgv‡R cyZzj‡K bvPv‡bv nq Ges hv‡ì‡K bvPv‡bv nq Zv‡ì BwZK_v eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q K_vwkíx gvwb‡Ki gy³ `„wófw½i Av‡jv‡K cyZzjbv‡Pi BwZK_vq| MvIw`qv MÖv‡gi Wv³vi kkx‡K fv‡jvev‡m Kzmyg, †h civ‡bi ¯¿x| wegjvi ciKxqv, Kzmy‡gi `ytmvnmx †cÖg Avi †bvivi P‡j hvIqvi m‡½ eo iK‡gi cv_©K¨ †bB| biI‡qi GKwU evwoi ìRv eÜ nIqvi kãwU wQj D”PwKZ| MvIw`qv MÖvg †_‡K KjKvZv kn‡i †cuŠQ‡Z †h-`~iZ¡ AwZµg Ki‡Z n‡Zv Kzmy‡gi ciKxqv msev` †m Zxeª MwZ wb‡q bv QyU‡jI wegjvi ciKxqv wLªóxq mf¨Zvi K‡jvwbqvwjR‡gi `vb e‡j Dwo‡q †Ìqv hvq bv †Kv‡bvfv‡e| Ô†h N‡ii eD, evB‡ii cyiæ‡li c‡¶ G‡Kev‡i b¶Î‡jv‡Ki gvbyl| GB c_nxb k~‡bï wfZi w`‡q µ‡g µ‡g UvbvUvwb, RvbvRvwb, A`„k¨ nvIqv ms¯‹v‡ii c`©v GKUvi ci Avi GKUv Dwo‡q w`‡q †Kvb GK mg‡q G‡Kev‡i Dj½ cÖK…wZi gvSLv‡b G‡m †cuŠQv‡jv, m‡Zï G GK Avðh© RqhvÎv|Õ ¯¿x-cyiæ‡li GB wg‡ji Uvb mZ¨, a~wjKYv †_‡K AvKv‡ki Zviv, RM‡Zi me e¯‘cyÄ Zvi c‡¶| gvbyl KZ¸‡jv KzePb w`‡q Zv‡K Avov‡j ivL‡Z Pvq, Zv‡K NiMov wewawb‡la w`‡q wb‡Ri GKvi K‡i iv‡L| d‡j gvby‡li me K_vi duvwK GKgyn~‡Z© Dwo‡q cywo‡q †cÖ‡gi ¸u‡ov Avcbvi RvqMvq G‡m ùvovq| g‡bvRM‡Zi GB Dj½ †PvL †Pv‡Li mvg‡b mZ¨ n‡q ùvovq| ZLb Qjbv gvby‡li wb‡R‡K wb‡q †mLv‡b mZ¨, gvsm, ÿzav, cÖe„wË wb`©q cÖPÐ cv_i hv e„wói avivq †cÖg n‡q cvnv‡oi Ici †_‡K †jvKvj‡qi g‡bi K›`‡i Mwo‡q c‡o| wegjvi g‡bvRMr †h GB †Mvcb DÏxcbvq ivwO‡q Zzj‡Z cv‡i, Zv‡K iex›`ªbv_ A_©‡jvjycZvi g‡Zv ÿz`ª Dcvwa w`‡q nxbPwiÎ K‡i Zz‡j‡Qb| wKš‘ Kzmy‡gi `xcÖZvi mvg‡b A‡bK †¶‡Î Wv³vi kkx gøvb, hZB †m KjKvZv †_‡K †jLvcov K‡i wk‡L Avmv e¨w³ †nvK bv †Kb| bvixi e¨w³Z¡ AR©‡bi LeiwU cvðv‡Zï †P‡q cÖv‡P¨ G‡m‡Q †ek c‡i| ZvB †bviv‡K ¯^vgxi Kv‡Q Li‡Pi wnmve w`‡Z n‡jI †m GKwU mgq ey‡SwQj †m †Kej cyZzj‡g‡q, cyZzjeD| †bviv‡K †`Lv hvq, Zvi KiæY Ae¯’vi Rb¨ †m Zvi evev Ges ¯^vgx‡K Awfhy³ Ki‡Q| †m Rvbv‡”Q †h, Zviv `yR‡bB cvc K‡i‡Q, ÔAvgvi evev Ges Zzwg Avgvi cÖwZ fqvbK Ab¨vq K‡iQ| †Zvgv‡ì cv‡cB †Zvgv‡ì †`v‡lB Avgvi Rxe‡b wKQy n‡jv bv|Õ †gwi Dj‡÷vbµvdUI Awf‡hvM K‡i‡Qb †h, bvixi Rb¥ n‡q‡Q eywS ïay cyiæ‡li g‡bviÄ‡bi Rb¨| bvix‡K GRb¨ ejv nq Ôf`ª-bgª, M„ncvwjZ cïÕ| †bvivI wb‡R‡K A‡bKUv GiKgB †f‡e‡Q Ñ Zvi g‡b n‡q‡Q †m †hb GK cyZzj¯¿x, hv‡K dw›`wdwKi K‡i euvP‡Z nq| gvM©v‡iU dzjviI GiKgB GKUv Dcgv eënvi K‡i‡Qb bvix‡ì m¤^‡Ü, Ôcyiæ‡liv †Kv‡bv bvix Pvq bv, Pvq evwjKv, hvi m‡½ †m †Kwj Ki‡Z cvi‡e|Õ †bviv g‡b K‡i, Ô¯¿x I gv‡qiÕ †P‡qI Zvi D”PZi Av‡iv GKUv `vwqZ¡ Av‡Q| †m-`vwqZ¡ n‡”Q Zvi Ôwb‡Ri cÖwZ `vwqZ¡Õ| wKš‘ wegjv‡K †`Lv hvq N‡ii evB‡i wM‡qI wd‡i Av‡m, Avm‡Z eva¨ K‡ib iex›`ªbv_| GgbwK iex›`ªbv_ wbwL‡j‡ki g„Zzï c‡i wegjvi Pzj KvwU‡q mv`v kvwo cwi‡q ew›` K‡ib Avevi N‡i| Avgvi Ni e‡j, ZzB †Kv_vq hvwe, evB‡i wM‡q me †Lvqvwe Ñ Avgvi cÖvY e‡j, †Zvi hv Av‡Q me hvK-bv D‡o cy‡o| wegjv‡K ej‡Z †kvbv hvq Ñ ÔAvwg Av¸‡bi g‡a¨ w`‡q †ewi‡q G‡mwQ, hv †cvovevi Zv cy‡o QvB n‡q †M‡Q, hv evwK Av‡Q Zvi Avi giY †bB| †mB Avwg Avcbv‡K wb‡e`b K‡i w`jyg Zuvi cv‡q whwb Avgvi mKj Aciva‡K Zuvi Mfxi †e`bvi g‡a¨ MÖnY K‡i‡Qb|Õ iex›`ªbv_ we‡bvw`bx‡KI Kvkx cvwV‡qwQ‡jb, †Zgwb wegjv‡K evB‡i †ei K‡i gy³ evZvm LvB‡q Avevi XzwK‡q w`‡qwQ‡jb N‡i|

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ms¯‹v‡ii evB‡i wZwb †e‡iv‡Z cv‡ibwb, †hgb wegjv‡KI wZwb †i‡L w`‡qwQ‡jb AšÍtcy‡i| cÖvq wek eQi ci cÖv‡Pï n‡qI gvwbK Kzmyg‡K w`‡q bv ewj‡qwQ‡jb AKc‡U| GKmgq Kzmy‡gi B”Qv‡K D‡c¶v K‡iwQj kkx| ÔGgwb Puv`bx iv‡Z Avcbvi m‡½ †Kv_vI P‡j †h‡Z mva nq †QvUevey|Õ kkxi KvQ †_‡K GB K_vi DËi bv †c‡q ÔKzmyg wbtk¦vm †dwjqv ewjj, Avcbvi Kv‡Q ùvov‡j Avgvi kixi Ggb K‡i †Kb †QvUevey? kixi! kixi! †Zvgvi gb bvB Kzmyg?Õ kkx Kzmyg‡K Gfv‡eB DËi w`‡qwQj| wb‡R‡K cÖKvk Kivi mvnm wQj Kzmy‡gi| wØavnxb Ams‡KvP cÖKvk| gvwbK bvix‡K bvixi gh©v`vq ey‡SwQ‡jb| MvIw`qv MÖv‡gi GKRb bvixi GB cÖKv‡k Kzmy‡gi mªóv gvwb‡Ki †Kv‡bv wØav wQj bv †hgbwU wQj bv Be‡m‡bi †bvivi| Be‡mb †mB mgq GKUv †bv‡U †j‡Lb Ñ She has committed a crime, and she is proud of it; because she did it for love for her husband and to save his life. But the husband, with his conventional view of honour, stands on the side of the law and looks at the affair with male eyes. †bviv GgbB GK m„wó, Kv‡ji ci¤úivq hvi Av‡e`b GL‡bv wbt‡kl n‡q hvqwb| A¨v Wjm nvDm Ñ bvU‡Ki G‡Kev‡i †k‡l †bviv Zvi ¯^vgxi evwoi ìRv eÜ K‡i w`‡q †mB †h c‡_ †ewi‡q c‡ob, g‡b Kiv nq †mUvB wQj bvixgyw³i miwY, AwPiKv‡ji g‡a¨ hvi m~Î a‡i †`‡k †`‡k bvixiv Zv‡ì AwaKvi cÖwZôvi msMÖv‡g hy³ Avi Rqx n‡Z _v‡K| Be‡mb Aek¨ wb‡R G‡K bvixgyw³ bv e‡j Ôgvbegyw³Õ e‡jB D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb| gnvb wkíxi gnr Dw³B e‡U! bvixev`xiv GLb †Zv GK_vB ej‡Qb, bvixgyw³ gv‡b gvbegyw³B| wKš‘ Be‡mb Zuvi A¨v Wjm nvDm‡K bvixev‡ì cÖPvic‡Î cwiYZ K‡ibwb| †bvivI n‡q I‡Vwb †mB cÖPviYvi gyLcvÎ| Be‡mb e‡jwQ‡jb Ñ ÔA woman cannot be herself in contemporary society, it is an exclusively male society with laws drafted by men, and with counsel and judges who judge feminine conduct from the male point of view.Õ Ab¨w`‡K wegjvi m‡½ m›`x‡ci m¤ú‡K©i cwiYwZ wbwL‡j‡ki Ici ¸iæZi Awfm¤úvZ n‡q bv‡g| Avi g„Zz¨ weeY©Zvi gy‡L †cÖ‡gi AiæYvivM †Kgb D¾¡j, Zvi eënvwiK dj Dcb¨v‡m Abycw¯’Z| ¯^‡`wk Av‡›`vj‡bi mgq wbwL‡j‡ki wbwj©ßZv Avi m›`x‡ci R¡vjvgq cÖej Av‡eM I B”Qvkw³ wegjv‡K †cÖ‡gi Aviwk‡Z †eu‡a †d‡j| Zvi AÁvZmv‡i m›`xc µ‡gB Zv‡K AvK…ó K‡i‡Q| m›`xc ˆbwZKZv gvcKvwVi Aaxb bq, GB kw³ wegjvi g‡b GKcÖKvi wenŸj AmvoZv Qwo‡q w`‡q‡Q| d‡j m›`x‡ci KvgR DÏxcbvq †m wb‡R‡K K‡i Zz‡j‡Q AvZ¥vûwZi cZ½| GB gv‡n›`ª¶‡Y iex›`ªbv_ m›`xc‡K w`‡q A_© Pzwii `vwe Zz‡j †cÖ‡gi Kz‡Ä wem`„k e¨Äbv m„wó K‡i‡Qb| Kvwnwbi GB As‡k, m›`x‡ci D×Z Avwj½b wegjvi Kv‡Q ZvB biKm`„k AeÁvi welq n‡Z †c‡i‡Q| Gi d‡j wek¦msmvi‡K D‡c¶v K‡i Awbevh© †e‡M imvZ‡j bv Wz‡e wegjv mshgeÜ‡b wPivqZ ag©ms¯‹vi I Kj¨vYeyw× wb‡q cwZ‡cÖ‡gi gw›`‡i cybtAvMgb Ki‡Z mg_© n‡q‡Q| Dcb¨v‡m m›`xc hv, †mB A‡_© wbwL‡jk ¯^vaxb e¨w³Z¡m¤úbœ cyiælB bq! Avi wbwL‡jk, m›`xc, gv÷vi gnvkq iex›`ªbv‡_ mevB wewkó gZev`x| †mB gZev‡ì wf‡o wegjv Zvi ¯^KxqZvq Abb¨ n‡q D‡V‡Q| ZvB Zv‡K ej‡Z ïwb Ñ ÔwKš‘, GZ †mev Avgvi R‡b¨ †Kb? mvRm¾v `vm`vmx wRwbmc‡Îi g‡a¨ w`‡q †hb Avgvi `yB K‚j Qvwc‡q Zuvi Av`‡ii evb †W‡K eBj| GB-mg¯Í‡K †V‡j Avwg wb‡R‡K `vb Kie †Kvb& duv‡K! Avgvi cvIqvi my‡hv‡Mi †P‡q †Ìqvi my‡hv‡Mi ìKvi A‡bK †ewk wQj| †cÖg †h ¯^fve‰eivMx; †m †h c‡_i av‡i ayjvi Õc‡i Avcbvi dzj ARmÖ dzwU‡q †`q, †m †Zv êVKLvbvi Px‡bi U‡e Avcbvi Hk¦h© †gj‡Z cv‡i bv|Õ †hŠbZvi cÖKvk †m †Mvcb iv‡Lwb m›`x‡ci m‡½ m¤ú‡K©i ga¨ w`‡q †`wL Avgiv|

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134

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