Kali O Kalam Vol 11 Issue 8 september 2014

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Aveyj Lv‡qi m¤úv`KgÊjxi mfvcwZ

Avwbmy¾vgvb m¤úv`K

Aveyj nvmbvZ m¤úv`KgÊjx

G †RW Gg Ave`yj Avjx i“ex ingvb jyfv bvwn` †PŠayix

mvwnZ¨ wkí ms¯‹…wZ welqK gvwmK cwÎKv

GKv`k el© : Aóg msL¨v

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Avwk¦b 1421 : †m‡Þ¤^i 2014

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evOvwj ms¯‹…wZi GK wewkó cyi“l nvmvb AvwRRyj nK| ÔAaiv evOvwj ms¯‹…wZi †Luv‡RÕ cÖe‡Ü Zuvi wRÁvmv, evOvwj ms¯‹…wZ ej‡Z Kx Avgiv eySe? Gi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q AvÂwjK cv_©K¨, mv¤cÖ`vwqK we‡f`, †kªwYMZ AmvgÄm¨ Ñ GZm‡ei g‡a¨ Kxfv‡e aie evOvwj ms¯‹…wZ‡K? bvwK Zv AaivB i‡q hv‡e?

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Aa©kZvãxe¨vcx mvabvq Ave`yj nK cwiPq w`‡q‡Qb Zuvi gy³eyw×i, axkw³i, cv‡V g‡bv‡hv‡Mi, wePv‡i wbôZvi| Zuvi `„wófw½i Ges Zuvi †Pv‡L wewfbœ †jL‡Ki †h-fveg~wZ© †`Lv †M‡Q Zvi cwiPq Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb iweDj †nv‡mb| Gm‡ei g‡a¨ w`‡q Ave`yj nK wK †jLK †_‡K cÖPviK n‡q D‡VwQ‡jb?

42 mv¤cÖwZKKv‡j g„Zz¨ MÖvm Ki‡jv Kwe Aveyj †nv‡mb‡K, wPš—vwe` mi`vi dRjyj Kwig‡K Ges mvs¯‹…wZK msMVK myexi †PŠayix‡K| Aveyj †nv‡mb †mB Aí K‡qKRb evOvwj gymwjg Zi“‡Yi GKRb whwb Pwj­‡ki `k‡K AvaywbKZvi nvIqv eB‡q w`‡qwQ‡jb Avgv‡`i Kve¨‡¶‡Î| bvMwiK ˆe`»¨ I mgybœZ i“wPi cwiPq Zuvi mKj iPbvq cvIqv hvq, `„wói cÖLiZv I cwi”Qbœ †KŠZzK †mBm‡½| Zuv‡K ¯§iY K‡i‡Qb knx` BKevj I Avn‡g` gvIjv| mi`vi dRjyj Kwig XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡q Aa¨vcbv Z¨vM K‡i hLb KwgDwb÷ cvwU©i KvR Ki‡Z †M‡jb 1948 mv‡j, ZLb †_‡K mK‡ji, GgbKx Zuvi wei“×ev`x‡`iI, Av‡jvPbvi wel‡q cwiYZ| Zuvi `xN© KvivRxeb, cvwK¯—vb MYcwil‡`i m`m¨c`, †`k ¯^vaxb nIqvi c‡i Avevi Aa¨vcbvq wd‡i Avmv, AK¬vš— ÁvbPP©v Ges wec­ex ivRbxwZ‡Z Av¯’v Ñ GmeB Zuv‡K wKse`wš—‡Z cwiYZ K‡i‡Q| Zuv‡K kÖ×vwb‡e`b K‡i‡Qb Gg Gg AvKvk| myexi †PŠayix †miv msMVK wn‡m‡e †h-cwiPq †i‡L‡Qb †e½j M¨vjvwi Ae& dvBb AvU©‡m, GKRxe‡b ZvB h‡_ó| †mme K_vB e‡j‡Qb iwd nK Ges Zuvi †klw`b¸wji K_v Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb AvBwf ingvb| cÖvq GKB mg‡q c„w_exi Av‡iK cÖvš— †_‡K wPiwe`vq wb‡jb bvwWb MwW©gvi Ñ ïay †bv‡ej cyi¯‹v‡i m¤§vwbZ mvwnwZ¨K bb, mgKvjxb c„w_ex‡Z Ab¨vq-AwePv‡ii wei“‡× D”PKÉ e¨w³Z¡I| Zuv‡K kÖ×v Rvwb‡q‡Qb Avjx Avng`|

m~ wP c Î cÖ e Ü 10 gqgbwmsn I D‡c›`ªwK‡kvi  cÖmv`iÄb ivq 25 Kwe RyjwdKvi gwZb : Abyfe‡e`¨ KweZvi iƒcKvi  †gv¯—dv ZvwiKzj Avnmvb 32 APz¨Z †Mv¯^vgx : e¨w³Z¡ I K…wZZ¡  mywgZv PµeZx© 38 KweZv I cÖwZev‡`i fvlv  gbRyi“j nK 118 kZe‡l©i Av‡jv‡Z ÔLyKz-AwgZvÕ  h‡kvaiv evMPx

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ågY 89 ¯§„wZ‡Z cv_©  gvneyev wmwÏKx

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íx gbmyi Dj Kwig beŸB‡qi `k‡K Ôgv‡Vi MíÕ wmwi‡Ri wP臔Q wPÎiƒcgq GK AvengÊj m„wó K‡i G‡`‡ki wPÎvbyivMx gn‡ji `„wó AvKl©‡Y mg_© n‡qwQ‡jb| cieZx©Kv‡j Zuvi wP‡Î g~Z© n‡q‡Q gvby‡li ¯^cœ, Avkv I AvKv•¶v| hw`I Zuvi m„ó gvby‡liv Mí K‡i, gvQ a‡i, cÖZx¶v K‡i I wek¦vmx nq, Zey †Kv_vq †hb Zviv GK AwbðqZv‡ev‡a ZvwoZ nq| mgKv‡ji Ae¶q I fvObI Zuvi wP‡Î KL‡bv KL‡bv cÖvavb¨ we¯—vi K‡i| GB welqvewj wb‡q Zuvi m„wó Zvrch©gq n‡q‡Q cwi‡cÖw¶Z-Áv‡b, cwiwgZ is-e¨env‡i, ms‡e`b¸‡Y Ges wbR¯^ GK wPÎfvlv m„wó‡Z| 1972 mv‡j wZwb Pvi“Kjv Bbw÷wUDU †_‡K øvZK wWwMÖ I 1974 mv‡j PÆMÖvg wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K GgGdG wWwMÖ AR©b K‡ib| mˇii `k‡KB wZwb PÆMÖvg wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Pvi“Kjv wefv‡M wk¶K wn‡m‡e †hvM †`b| GB mg‡q wZwb wewkó wPÎKi iwk` †PŠayixi mvwbœ‡a¨ Av‡mb| ZLb †_‡K Zuvi wPÎmvabv I gvbmhvÎv bZzb †gvo †bq Ges wPÎfvlv ¯^Zš¿ n‡q I‡V| Zuvi wkífvebvq HwZn¨ I AvaywbKZvi hyM¥Zv Zuv‡K bexb Av‡jv‡K DÏxwcZ K‡i| Gfv‡eB wbZ¨ bvbv cix¶v-wbix¶v I mvabvi g‡a¨ w`‡q wZwb n‡q D‡V‡Qb wewkó wPÎKi| 1950 mv‡ji 1 gvP© ivRevox‡Z Zuvi Rb¥| cÖ”Q‡`i wPÎwU Zuvi ÔcÙv-cyivYÕ wmwi‡Ri Ab¨Zg| 2008 mv‡j A¨vwµwj‡K Kiv QwewUi msMÖvnK Aveyj Lv‡qi|

A½m¾v : KvBqyg †PŠayix †jLv cvVvevi I †hvMv‡hv‡Mi wVKvbv m¤úv`K Kvwj I Kjg, †e½j †m›Uvi, c­U-2, wmwfj Gwf‡qkb, wbD Gqvi‡cvU© †ivW, wLj‡¶Z, XvKv-1229, evsjv‡`k| †dvb : + [880 2] 8901180, 01551888000| Kvwj I Kj‡g cvVv‡bv iPbvi m‡½ wVKvbv I †Uwj‡dvb b¤^i †`Iqvi Rb¨ Aby‡iva Kiv †Mj| AvBm wgwWqv wjwg‡U‡Wi c‡¶ Aveyj Lv‡qi KZ…©K Kzk j †m›Uvi, c­U 29, †m±i 3, DËiv Av/G, XvKv 1230 †_‡K cÖK vwkZ Ges Gg †K wcÖ› Uvm© A¨vÛ c¨v‡KwRs, 189/G †ZRMuvI wk/G, XvKv-1208 †_‡K gyw`ªZ | m¤úv`Kxq I evwYwR¨K Kvh©vjq : †e½j †m›Uvi, c­U 2, wmwfj Gwf‡qkb, wbD Gqvi‡cvU© †ivW, wLj‡¶Z, XvKv 1229| †dvb : + [880 2] 8901180, 8901133, d¨v· : + [880 2] 8901206| B-†gBj : mail@kaliokalam.com | I‡qe : www.kaliokalam.com

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Aaiv evOvwj ms¯‹…wZi †Luv‡R nvmvb AvwRRyj nK

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Z f½ e½‡`k Zey i‡½ fivÕ Ñ K_vUv Lye jvMmB| evOvwj RvwZ, evOvwj ms¯‹…wZ Ges BwZnvm GZ wewPÎ ch©v‡qi †fZi w`‡q wM‡q‡Q hv‡K GBiKg GKUv evK¨ Qvov wVK †evSv‡bv hvq bv| Avwg e„nre‡½i K_v †Q‡o w`w”Q, †mUv K‡eKvi K_v| e„nre½ †Kv‡bvw`b GKm‡½ hy³ e„nre½ wQj wKbv †mUv GKUv Ri“wi cÖkœ| wekvj evsjv‡`k‡K G‡KK bv‡g AwfwnZ Kiv n‡Zv| bvg wQj Zv‡`i e‡i›`ª, e½, mgZU, ivp BZ¨vw`| cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki Avjv`v Aw¯—Z¡ wQj, ¯^Zš¿ kvmbe¨e¯’v wQj| †hvMv‡hvM ZLb wbðqB GLbKvi g‡Zv GZ †ewk wQj bv| Kv‡RB Giv cÖvq meB wQj wew”Qbœ| d‡j, †h evOvwj ms¯‹…wZi K_v ewj †m-ms¯‹…wZ‡K Avw`‡Z ¯’vwbK ms¯‹…wZ ejv Qvov Avi †Kv‡bv Dcvq bvB| cwðge‡½i cyi“wjqvi m‡½ Avgv‡`i †Pbv ms¯‹…wZ †gjv‡bv hv‡e bv; wKsev euvKzovi ms¯‹…wZi m‡½I Avgv‡`i †Pbv ms¯‹…wZ‡K †gjv‡bv hv‡e bv| Avgv‡`i evsjv‡`‡ki K_v ev`, IUv Avjv`v iv‡óªi Aš—f©y³ n‡q †M‡Q, wKš‘ IB †`‡ki †jv‡KivB ej‡Z cv‡i bv †h, kvwš—c‡y ii ms¯‹…wZi m‡½, fvlvi m‡½ Kx m¤úK© euvKzovi ev exif~‡gi| mwZ¨B ZvB, GB ˆewP‡Î¨i †Kv‡bv †kl bvB| †mR‡b¨B ejwQ, evsjv‡`‡k †mB A‡_© †hgb e„nre½ †Kv‡bv Kv‡jB wQj bv, †Zgwb GK evOvwj ms¯‹…wZ e‡jI wKQy wQj bv| AvKe‡ii mg‡q evsjv, wenvi, Dwol¨v wg‡j GKUv my‡e evsjv n‡qwQj| †mUv eûKvj wUKj| Jcwb‡ekx kvm‡bI †mUv A¶Z wQj eûKvj| 1905 mv‡j weªwUk kvmK †mUv fvOvi †Póv K‡iwQj wKš‘ Zv‡Z mdj nq wb| mwZ¨Kvi wefvRb NU‡jv 1947 mv‡j| f‚‡Mv‡j †h-`vM coj Zv‡Z Rwg‡Z †Kgb dvUj aij Rvwb bv, Z‡e `yB evsjvi mshy³ evOvwj ms¯‹…wZ ej‡Z hv wQj †mUv `y-UzK‡iv n‡jv| Zv‡Z jvf-†jvKmvb wKQy n‡jv wKbv Zvi wn‡me Avgiv KL‡bv Kwi wb| evOvwj-ms¯‹…wZi AvaLvbv wb‡q cwðge½ fviZ iv‡óªi m‡½ hy³ n‡q‡Q Ñ evwK Av‡a©K wb‡q evsjv‡`kI †ek mš‘ó| n«vm-e„w×i †Kv‡bv K_v †bB| AmsÁvwqZ, A¯úó, K_vi K_v, evOvwj ms¯‹…wZ, ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`k iv‡óªi wfwË| Zv‡Z RvZxqZvev`I Av‡Q| ÔRvZxqZvev`Õ kãwU‡K Avwg Lye m‡›`‡ni †Pv‡L †`‡L _vwK| GUv †h-†Kv‡bv mg‡qB Lye AvMÖvmx n‡q DV‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ evsjv‡`‡ki †m mvg_©¨ †bB †h GKUv AvMÖvmx evOvwj RvZxqZvev` Pvjy

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Ki‡e| Avgiv hLb evOvwj RvwZ ewj Ges evOvwj ms¯‹…wZ ewj, ZLb GKUv wRwbm Aby³ †_‡K hvq †h, GB evsjv‡`‡k †Zv ïay evOvwjivB evm K‡i bv| evsjv‡`‡ki DËivs‡k mgZjf~wgi evOvwj Av‡Q, Avw`evmxiv Av‡Q| G wb‡qI Z°vZw°i Aewa †bB †h, G‡`i Avw`evmx ejv n‡e, bv G‡`i‡K ¶z`ª b„‡Mvôx ejv n‡e| ZvQvov bvbv cvnvwo RvwZ Av‡Q| Avgiv †h ÔevOvwj ms¯‹…wZÕ ÔevOvwj ms¯‹…wZÕ Kwi, G-e¨vcv‡i A‡bK‡K AvcwË Ki‡Z †`‡LwQ| ¶z`ª b„‡Mvôx, Avw`evmx, cvnvwo RvwZ Av‡Q, Zv‡`i ms¯‹…wZ‡K †Zv A¯^xKvi Kiv nq| ZLb Kx K‡i †gjv‡bv hv‡e? ÔGZ f½ e½‡`k Zey i‡½ fivÕ GB K_vUv ZLb †evSv hvq| GKUz Av‡M †h-mgm¨vi K_v ejjvg GB mgm¨v †Zv me w`K †_‡KB D‡V G‡m‡Q, gv‡b GB wekvj evsjv‡`‡k Zv eûKvj a‡iB Pj‡Q| Kv‡RB ms¯‹…wZi e¨vcv‡i Avgiv GL‡bv †Kv‡bv dqmvjv K‡i DV‡Z cvwi wb| Avgiv evsjv fvlvq K_v ewj, Av‡iv ewj evsjv fvlv Avgv‡`i RvwZZ¡ I RvwZmËvi wfwË| Gi wfwË ag© bq, Avgiv mevB evOvwj RvwZ| †Kv‡bv m‡›`n †bB, ÔAvgiv mevB evOvwjÕ GB K_vi m‡½ Ôms¯‹…wZMZfv‡e Avgiv mevB evOvwjÕ Ñ GB K_vUvi wKQy cv_©K¨ i‡q‡Q| evsjv‡`‡k hvivB evm K‡i ZvivB evOvwj, GB K_vwU †evanq ejv Pj‡e bv| KviY evsjv‡`‡k bvbv RvwZ ms¯‹w… Zi gvby‡li emevm i‡q‡Q| GLb †hgb ¶z`ª b„‡Mvôx¸wji ms¯‹…wZi K_v DV‡Q, wVK †Zgwb K‡i ejv P‡j e‡i›`ª-ms¯‹…wZi wewkóZvi K_v| evsjv‡`‡ki cwiw¯’wZ we‡ePbvq wb‡j †evSv hvq †h, GLv‡b †hgb wfbœ fvlvfvlx †jvK i‡q‡Q, †Zgwb evsjv fvlvfvlx †jvK‡`i g‡a¨I evOvwj ms¯‹…wZ wb‡q GKUv cÖej weZK© i‡q‡Q| †mB Rb¨ GLb g~j cÖkœ `uvwo‡q‡Q Avgv‡`i Kv‡Q ÔevOvwj ms¯‹…wZÕ Kx? G‡K ALÊ ejv hvq wK bv? ALÊ ej‡j Zv‡K †Kvb A‡_© ALÊ ewj? †mªd fvlvwfwËK GKUv RvwZ, †h evsjv e‡j †mB evOvwj, Avi Zvi ms¯‹…wZ? e¨vcviUv AweKj GK n‡Z cv‡i bv; †h evsjv e‡j †m evOvwj n‡q agx©q ms¯‹…wZ‡Z wek¦vm Ki‡Z cv‡i, evOvwj ms¯‹…wZ‡K Av‡`Š ¸i“Z¡ bv w`‡Z cv‡i| Avm‡j evOvwj ms¯‹…wZ ej‡Z Kx eywS, Zv GL‡bv cwi®‹vi Kwi wb| GB GKUv w`K, Avi Ab¨ Av‡iKUv w`K n‡”Q ms¯‹…wZ wK AweKj GK nq? GKUv wekvj Rbc‡` ¯’vbwe‡k‡l Zvi cwiPq e`j nq bv wK? ÔevOvwj ms¯‹…wZÕ GLb GKUv gyL-PjwZ K_v| G-K_v ejvi AwaKvi GLb Avgv‡`i BwZnv‡miB A½ Ñ GKvˇi ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`k iv‡óªi R‡b¥i ci| GLbKvi c„w_ex‡Z gvwK©b hy³ivóª GKwU wewPÎ D`vniY| Av‡gwiKvb RvwZ e‡j we‡kl ˆewkó¨m¤úbœ †Kv‡bv RvwZ †bB| GZ wewfbœ †`‡ki, GZ wewfbœ b„‡Mvôxi gvbyl GLv‡b G‡m Rxebhvcb K‡i‡Q †h, mvZ †fRv‡j Avmj e‡j Avi wKQy †bB| Av‡gwiKvb RvwZ e‡j wKQy †bB| Av‡gwiKvb ms¯‹…wZ e‡j wKQy †bB| Av‡gwiKvb ej‡Z RvwZZ¡ †evSvq bv, †Zgwb RvZxq ms¯‹…wZ e‡jI Zvi wKQyB †evSvq bv| BD‡iv‡ci me †`‡ki †jvK, Avwd«Kvi †jvK, Av‡gwiKvi †jvK, jvwZb Av‡gwiKvi †jvK me IB RvqMvq wM‡q nvwRi n‡q‡Q| Zviv ÔAv‡gwiKvbÕ, GQvov wKQy ej‡e bv Ges ms¯‹…wZ wb‡q GBme Av‡jvPbvi g‡a¨I Zviv †bB| wKš‘ ms¯‹…wZi cÖkœwU‡K cvk KvUv‡bvi †Kv‡bv Dcvq Avgv‡`i †bB| KviY Avgv‡`i GKUv wekvj BwZnvm i‡q‡Q, †mLv‡b Avgv‡`i ms¯‹…wZi GKUv eo ¯’vb Av‡Q| Kv‡RB evOvwj ms¯‹…wZi cÖ‡kœi mgvavb Avgv‡`i Ki‡ZB n‡e| evsjv‡`‡ki bZzb bvMwiK hviv, Zviv Zv‡`i AvZ¥cwiP‡qi RvqMvUv‡K Lye ¯úó K‡i †`L‡Z cv‡”Q bv| AvZ¥cwiP‡qi RvqMvUv Zv‡`i k~b¨| wKš‘ wKQyB †Kv‡bvw`b k~b¨ _v‡K bv| f¨vKzqvg _vK‡e bv, fi‡eB| GLb hw` Avgv‡`i cwiev‡ii g‡a¨, Avgv‡`i wk¶v-e¨e¯’vi g‡a¨ Avgv‡`i iv‡óªi fvebv wb‡Ri RvwZmËvi cwiPqUv bv _v‡K, Zvn‡j Avgv‡`i mš—vb hviv, Zv‡`i

8

†Kv‡bvw`b GB RvwZmËv M‡o DV‡e bv| AvR †MvUv evsjv‡`‡ki w`‡K ZvwK‡q †`Lv hvq, GB welqUv m¤^‡Ü Avgiv wb‡RivB eywS bv| wVK K_v ej‡Z †M‡j, †ev‡Sb bv Zv bq, GB cÖ‡kœi †Zvqv°vB K‡ib bv| Avwg Rvwb bv GUv Aí ¶wZ, bv wK eo ¶wZ| GKUv †`‡ki gvbyl Zvi AvB‡Ww›UwUUv Rv‡b bv, Ges Me© I AnsKvi Kivi RvqMv n‡e Zvi we‡`k, we‡`wk ms¯‹…wZ! Gi †P‡q fqsKi wKQy Avwg fve‡Z cvwi bv| ms¯‹…wZ wb‡q Gme G‡j‡g‡jv K_v †h Avwg ejjvg, Zv‡Z GKUv cÖkœ cwi®‹vi K‡i †Zvjv hvq wK? ALÊZv KZ`~i ch©š— hvq Ges GUv hw` HwZnvwmKfv‡e Avgiv †`wL, Zvn‡j HwZnvwmKfv‡e GB ALÊZvi K_v †Zvjv hvq wK bv? hw` Zzj‡Z cvwi, Zvn‡j †m¸‡jvi mvaviY DcKiY Kx Kx, hvi wfwˇZ Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi GUvB Avgv‡`i mvs¯‹…wZK HwZn¨ ev wPÎ? ms¯‹w… Z †h cÖwZwbqZ cwieZ©bkxj †mUv †g‡b wb‡qI GLv‡b Ggb wKQy wK cvIqv hv‡e †h Avgiv ej‡Z cvie, GB n‡”Q GKUv mywbw`©ó ms¯‹…wZ| †mUv evi Ki‡Z n‡e Kx K‡i? †h-wRwbm¸‡jvi K_v Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi, †m¸‡jv Rxebhvc‡bi m‡½ hy³| ZvB RxebhvcbUv hw` e`jvq G¸‡jvI e`‡j hv‡e| Zvi gv‡b G¸‡jv‡K hw` ms¯‹…wZi A½ Kwi Zvn‡j †m¸‡jvI e`‡j hv‡e| †hgb ai“b gv‡ci KvVv, †mUv †eZ w`‡q ˆZwi Kiv, GK †KwRi GKUz Kg| †cZ‡ji KvVvI Av‡Q Kvi“KvR Kiv| Zvici ai“b bvbvb iKg Kvi“cY¨ hv c„w_exi Ab¨ †Kv‡bv RvqMvq †bB| †mw`K †_‡K, GB Kvi“c‡Y¨i aibUv †_‡K ms¯‹…wZi we‡klZ¡ GLv‡b †h, GUv evOvwjiv K‡i; Av‡iv GiKg eû wRwbm Av‡Q, †h¸‡jv evOvwjivB K‡i| ZviciI Avgiv ZË¡MZfv‡e hw` ewj Zvn‡j ej‡Z n‡e, ÔevOvwj ms¯‹…wZUv wVK KxÕ GB cÖkœUv Av‡Rv Avgv‡`i mvg‡b Avgiv ivwL wb, Zvi DËi LyuwR wb Ges †h‡nZz DËi Lywu R wb †mRb¨B DËi cvB wb Avi DËi cvB wb e‡j Avgviv GiKg G‡jv‡g‡jv Ae¯’vq i‡q †MwQ| Avgiv Av‡¯—-Av‡¯— ms¯‹…wZnxb n‡q †MwQ| †Kv‡bv ms¯‹…wZ †bB gv‡b ms¯‹…wZnxb| A_P eyw×Rxex‡`i gy‡L GZ K_v ïwb hviv Avgv‡`i kvm‡bi `vwq‡Z¡ Av‡mb, Zuviv KL‡bv GB cÖk¸œ ‡jv A¨v‡Wªm K‡ib bv| Zviv A‡bK wKQyB A¨v‡Wªm K‡ib bv| evsjv‡`‡ki m‡Z‡iv †KvwU gvby‡li Rb¨ ivóª Kx Ki‡Q bv Ki‡Q Gme wRwbm †Zv †Q‡oB w`jvg| wKš‘ Gi †_‡K m~²Zi wRwbm GB ms¯‹…wZi cÖkœUv| GUv‡K Zviv †Kv‡bvw`b ¸i“Z¡c~Y© we‡ePbv K‡ib e‡j g‡b nq bv| a‡i †bIqv hvK evsjv‡`‡ki ms¯‹…wZ‡KB evOvwj ms¯‹…wZ ejjvg| †hme ¶z`ª b„‡Mvôxi K_v ejjvg, ZvivI ev`B _vK| 1971 mv‡j †h-evsjv‡`k Avgiv †c‡qwQ, †mB evsjv‡`k‡K mvg‡b †i‡L Avgiv evOvwj ms¯‹…wZi K_v ej‡Z PvBwQ| †Kv_vq Kxfv‡e Avgiv †mUv‡K e¨vL¨v K‡iwQ? Avgv‡`i Kv‡Ri †fZi w`‡q Avgiv KL‡bv †mUv‡K e¨vL¨v K‡iwQ wK bv? †`‡k hviv msL¨vMwiô, beŸB fvM, hv‡`i‡K Avgiv MYgvbyl e‡j _vwK, Avi `k fvM D”PweË D”P-ga¨weË gvbyl Ñ GB `yB fv‡Mi g‡a¨ ms¯‹…wZMZ †Kv‡bv cv_©K¨ wK Av‡Q? Avevi GB `kfv‡Mi g‡a¨I hviv D”PweË Zv‡`i m‡½ †Kv‡bv ms¯‹w… ZiB m¤úK© Av‡Q wK? G‡`‡k wkíweKvk N‡U wb| we‡`‡ki A‡_© ˆZwi cY¨ wewµ Kiv GB Avgv‡`i KvR, k¯—v kÖgUv wewµ K‡i †`Iqv| Drcv`b KiwQ wVKB, cywu R evovBwb| GB iKg GKUv cwiw¯’wZ‡Z Avgiv Avgv‡`i ms¯‹…wZ‡K wK cwi®‹vi K‡i e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvwi?

Avgiv wK ej‡Z cvwi Avgv‡`i GB ms¯‹w… Z Avi wekvj evsjv‡`‡ki ms¯‹…wZ GK? bvwK †Kv_vI GKUv †kÖwYwefvRb Ki‡ZB nq?

Avgv‡`i ms¯‹…wZi wK wbcvU GKUvB †Pnviv, bv wK Zvi g‡a¨I cÖPzi fvM Av‡Q? fvM¸‡jv wK‡mi wfwˇZ? D”Pwe‡Ëi GKUv Avjv`v ms¯‹…wZ Av‡Q, Rbmvavi‡Yi, mvaviY gvby‡li, Zv‡`iI Avjv`v GKUv ms¯‹…wZ Av‡Q? G¸‡jv wfbœ wfbœ wK bv? DËi hw`

nq, nu¨v, Zv-B †Zv, wfbœ wfbœB e‡U, G¸‡jv †Zv Avjv`v| Zvn‡j wK Avgiv evOvwj ms¯‹…wZi K_v GKUv‡b ej‡Z cvwi? evOvwj ms¯‹…wZ hv mevB‡K GKB e„‡Ëi Aš—f©³ z K‡i wb, Zv‡K GK evOvwj ms¯‹…wZ ejvI hvq bv| c‡njv ˆekvL, GKz‡k †deª“qvwi, Avgiv bvbvbfv‡e D`&hvcb Kwi, weRq w`e‡mi Drme Kwi, ZviciI wK GBme Drme mviv‡`‡k Qwo‡q c‡o‡Q? Rbms¯‹…wZ ev MYms¯‹…wZ Ñ mviv‡`k wK Zv‡Z Ask wb‡Z cv‡i? c‡njv ˆekvL n‡”Q bee‡l©i Drm‡ei w`b| A_P †MvUv †`k wbSzg n‡q i‡q‡Q, Gevi Avwg wb‡Ri †Pv‡L †`‡LwQ, hviv wkw¶Z gvbyl, †mvRv K_vq ÔAbœwPš—v PgrKvivÕ wRwbmUv hv‡`i †bB Zv‡`iB `L‡j evOvwj ms¯‹…wZ| me‡P‡q eo wRwbm n‡”Q AbœwPš—v, GB wRwbmUv hv‡`i †bB, ZvivB Drme Ki‡Z cv‡i| `kUv MÖvg Ny‡i †eovjvg| wbkx_iv‡Zi MÖvg¸‡jv wbSzg g‡Zv| ms¯‹…wZ Kievi Rb¨ msMwZ jv‡M? mvaviY gvbyl‡K Abœ-e¯¿ w`‡Z cvie bv, †KŠcxb c‡i _vK‡e, M„n w`‡Z cvie bv, M„‡ni `vwqZ¡I †be bv| †m wb‡R hw` cv‡i, †Kv_vI GKUv Kzu‡oNi evwb‡q †b‡e| Zvi ev‡ci ev‡ci KvQ †_‡K hw` GK AvkÖq UzK‡iv Rwg cvq †Zv †mUzKz‡ZB †m _vK‡e| GB gvbylwU‡K mvivw`b †L‡U gRywi †nvK, Pvj-Wvj †nvK, Zv‡K wb‡q Avm‡Z nq msmvi Pvjv‡bvi Rb¨| GB †jvKwU‡K wK Avcwb ej‡Z cvi‡eb, ÔZzwg GZ ms¯‹…wZnxb †Kb?Õ Avcbvi ej‡Z j¾v n‡e? bv wK n‡e bv? Aa©Dj½ GB gvbylwU‡K ZLb wK Avcwb ej‡Z cv‡ib, Avcbvi mš—vb ¯‹z‡j hvq bv †Kb? wek¦we`¨vj‡q hvq bv †Kb? Avcbvi mš—vb XvKvq hvq bv †Kb? Ii ms¯‹…wZ Ii gv_vq D‡V‡Q| Avgiv hv‡K GLb ms¯‹…wZ ejwQ, †mUv †`‡ki ga¨weË ev eo‡Rvi wbgœ-ga¨we‡Ëi ms¯‹…wZ| Gi †ewk Avgiv G‡Mv‡Z cvwi wb| Gw`K †_‡K †MvUv evsjv‡`k GKUv Avw`g RvqMvq c‡o i‡q‡Q| Avcwb hw` Lywk n‡q †mwU‡K evOvwj ms¯‹…wZ e‡jb, Avcwb Lywk †nvb, Avwg Lywk n‡Z cvie bv| Avcwb hw` e‡jb Mi“i Mvwo, †gv‡li Mvwo G¸‡jv evOvwj ms¯‹…wZ, Zvn‡j Avwg eje, Zvn‡j †mB Rwg`vi‡KI wdwi‡q wb‡q Avbyb| mevB gvwU‡Z e‡m Av‡Q, GKUv gvÎ †Pqvi Lvwj| hvÎv ïi“ n‡”Q bv, Rwg`vievey G‡m †mB †PqviUvq em‡eb, Zvn‡j hvÎv ïi“ n‡e| Avcwb †mB gvbylUv‡K, †mB KvjUv‡K wdwi‡q Avb‡Z Pvb wK? wRwbmUv `uvovj GB, †`‡ki †h-m¤ú` Zvi hw` †gvUvgywU mgeÈb bv nq, Zvn‡j mgMÖ RbM‡Yi GKUv ms¯‹…wZ `uvov‡Z cv‡i bv| wbibœ gvbyl‡K †Kv‡bv ms¯‹…wZi AwaKvix ej‡Z cvwi bv| GUv m¤ú~Y©fv‡e wg‡_¨ K_v, ev‡R K_v, G-K_v †h ej‡Z cv‡i, ms¯‹…wZ m¤^‡Ü Zvi †Kv‡bv wPš—vI bvB| Avgiv †h-mg¯— Av‡jvPbv Kwi Ges AvR‡K Avwg †h GB e³…Zv KiwQ Zv‡Z evOvwj ms¯‹…wZi DbœwZ n‡e bv, hv Av‡Q Zv-B _vK‡e| DbœZ ms¯‹…wZi Rb¨ DbœZ mgvR ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e| DbœwZi fvM w`‡Z n‡e mevB‡K| Avwg GB K_vwUB ejvi Rb¨ ejwQjvg †h, ms¯‹…wZ wK GK? Kzgvi †m gvwUi wRwbm ˆZwi Ki‡Q, Kvgvi jvOj evbv‡”Q, Avwg eyK dzwj‡q ejjvg, GB Avgv‡`i evOvwj ms¯‹…wZ| GUv ejv wK GK A‡_© me cyivZb‡K wUwK‡q ivLv bq? cÖvPxbZ¡‡K a‡i ivLv bq? Avwg wK cvi‡j GB Kvgvi‡K BwÄb †`e bv? †m wb‡R BwÄb w`‡q hw` ˆZwi Ki‡Z cv‡i †Zv Ki“K| Avwg wK ej‡Z cvwi, Avwg †Uª‡b Poe bv, ev‡m Poe bv, Avgv‡K Mi“i Mvwo w`‡Z n‡e| Avwg wK ej‡Z cvwi, Avgvi GB m¨vwbUvwi ev_i“gUv PvB bv, Avwg gv‡V wM‡q cÖvZtK…Z¨ mvi‡Z PvB| †mUv wK Ki‡Z cvie? ms¯‹…wZ Ggb GKwU Bjvw÷K wRwbm, GZ cwieZ©bkxj| Avgvi GB `xN© e³…Zvq evOvwj ms¯‹…wZ PvwiÎUvB ai‡Z cviwQ bv| evOvwj ms¯‹…wZi ˆewkó¨ Kx? IB †kl ch©š— ÔGZ f½ e½‡`k Zey i‡½ fivÕi g‡ZvB| evOvwj wn‡m‡e Avgvi ej‡Z evav Kx †h, †MvUv c„w_exi ms¯‹…wZUvB Avgvi| Avgvi cwiPq n‡”Q Ôwek¦ Avgvi ¯^‡`k, gvbyl Avgvi ¯^RbÕ| Avgv‡`i we`¨vj‡q, Avgv‡`i K‡j‡R, Avgv‡`i

wek¦we`¨vj‡q, Avgv‡`i cvVkvjvq G-m¤ú‡K© †Kv‡bv aviYv †`Iqv nq? †`‡ki cÖv_wgK gva¨wgK we`¨vj‡qi g‡Zv G‡j‡g‡jv cvV¨-e¨e¯’v Avwg Avi †Kv_vI †`wL wb| ev¯—‡e †`Lv hv‡e ms¯‹w… Zwenxb A_ev AwZcyivZb wRwbm¸‡jv‡K †Kv‡bv iK‡g a‡i †i‡L gvbyl RxweKv wbe©vn Ki‡Q| mevB GL‡bv cvIqvi wUjvi e¨envi Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| cvIqvi wUjvi †ewkifvMB avi †bIqv nq| hvi Rwg †bB, UvKv †bB, wK”Qy †bB, cvwb †Zvjvi †gwkbUv ZviB| GiKg cwiw¯’wZ‡Z evOvwj ms¯‹…wZi K_v †ZvjvUv Avgvi Kv‡Q †e-ki‡gi KvR e‡j g‡b nq| †jvKRb‡K GZUv ewÂZ †i‡L †Kv‡bv ms¯‹…wZi K_v ejv hvq bv| ms¯‹w… Zi m‡½ mgv‡Ri mvaviY †h-Ae¯’v, Zvi GKUv Nwbô †hvMv‡hvM Av‡Q| DbœZ mgv‡Ri GK Ask GKUz Zjvq c‡o i‡q‡Q Avi GK Ask A‡bK Ic‡i D‡V †M‡Q| Zvi wb‡P AMYb RbM‡Yi †Kv‡bv ms¯‹…wZ bvB| wKš‘ GUv †KD gyLdz‡U e‡jb bv| Avwg †h evOvwj ms¯‹…wZi K_v ejwQ, †mUv Kv‡`i ms¯‹w… Z? GB †h Avgvi Mvwo-evwo e¨emv-evwYR¨ weË-m¤úwËB evOvwj ms¯‹w… Zi cÖwZf‚| GUv eyS‡Z Kvj© gvK©m jv‡M bv| Pvlvi Kv‡Q Avevi iex›`ªmsMxZ Kx? KZ eo Ab¨vq K_v Avwg ejjvg! Pvlv †Zv wVK Avcbvi g‡ZvB gvbyl, Avcwb †hfv‡e †jLvcov K‡i‡Qb, †m hw` †Zgb †jLvcov KiZ, Avcbvi g‡ZvB n‡Zv| Avcwb †hfv‡e iex›`ªmsMxZ cQ›` K‡ib, †mI Zv KiZ| GKevi Avwg †Póv K‡iwQjvg Avgvi Kv‡Ri †Q‡jUv‡K wb‡q| Zv‡K ejjvg, iweDj, ÔZzwg wK †KejB Qwe, ïay c‡U wjLvÕ Ñ hw` Kv‡iv ¯¿x gviv hvq, Zvi QweUv hw` UvOv‡bv _v‡K, hw` Zvi w`‡K ZvwK‡q †KD e‡jb Ñ ÔZzwg wK †KejB Qwe, ïay c‡U wjLvÕ, eyS‡Z †c‡iwQm? ÔAvwg wKQy eySjvg bv|Õ GB †h eyS‡e bv, †mUv †Kb n‡jv? Avcwb cix¶v K‡i †`L‡Z cv‡ib, Avwg cix¶v K‡i †`‡LwQ| Kv‡RB Avwg wbtm‡›`n, evOvwj ms¯‹…wZ wef³, GgbwK wef³ evsjv‡`wk ms¯‹w… ZI| Ab¨ wnmve K‡iI †`‡LwQ, evOvwj ms¯‹w… Z bvbvb fv‡M wef³| GLb ej‡Z cvwi, kZavwef³ GB evsjv‡`‡ki ms¯‹…wZ| GUv Lye `ytLRbK, GKw`K †_‡K ¯^vaxb iv‡óªi GKai‡bi e¨_©Zv| ivóª GKUv ms¯‹w… Z ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvi‡Q bv| †m GL‡bv ch©š— wb‡Riv hv eyS‡Q bv †mB K_vUvB ej‡Q †h, Avgiv mevB evsjv‡`‡ki ms¯‹…wZ aviY Kwi| Avgiv ga¨weËiv †mB †Nv‡i †_‡K Ñ †h‡nZz Avgiv kªg †_‡K gy³ Ñ evOvwj ms¯‹…wZi K_vUv Pvwj‡q hvw”Q| ms¯‹w… Z GKUv cÖengvb wRwbm, cwiewZ©Z nq, cyi‡bv ms¯‹w… Zi A‡bK Ask ev` c‡o hvq| †mwU A‡bKUv RjQv‡ci g‡Zv, QvcUv nq‡Zv _vK‡Z cv‡i, Avi wKQyB _v‡K bv| Zey Zv ms¯‹w… ZiB Ask| Zvi †fZ‡i ALÊZv AvcvZfv‡e †`wL bv, wKš‘ Lyu‡R †`Lv †h‡Z cv‡i| evOvwj RbMY Ñ †MvUv e„nre‡½i K_v ejwQ| Zvi g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv Kgb ˆewkó¨ Av‡Q wK bv, †hUv N‡U c‡U, cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q, M„nwbg©v‡Y cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q, Pvlvev‡` cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q, dm‡ji cÖKv‡i KZfv‡e cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q, Kvgv‡ii Kv‡R, Kzgv‡ii Kv‡R, Pvgv‡ii Kv‡R| GB ms¯‹…wZi we‡klZ¡¸‡jv evi Ki‡Z n‡e| cyi‡bv mvwn‡Z¨ Avgiv wb`k©b Lywu R evOvwjiv †Kgb wQj| ÔAvgvi mš—vb †hb _v‡K `y‡afv‡ZÕ, †evSv hvq, GLv‡b †Mv-cvj‡bi GKUv eo RvqMv wQj, `yafvZ LvIqvUv GKUv eo e¨vcvi wQj Ges †mUv hviv m¤úbœ ZvivB Ki‡Z cviZ| Zvn‡j Kx †mB ˆewkó¨ hv GKRb AevOvwj‡K evOvwj K‡i †Zv‡j, Zv LuyR‡Z n‡e| Avi LyR u ‡Z n‡e evOvwj ms¯‹…wZi GK ALÊ †Pnviv? ew‡Zi ms¯‹w… Z, cÖZvwi‡Zi ms¯‹w… Z, nZ`wi‡`ªi ms¯‹…wZ, †h-†Kv‡bvg‡Z Lv`¨e‡¯¿i ms¯’vb K‡i Zvi ms¯‹…wZ Ñ Gme ms¯‹w… Z wK GK? †kl ch©š— mgv‡Ri †Pnviv mgv‡Ri KvVv‡gv Ges iv‡óªi Pwi‡Îi m‡½ ms¯‹…wZi †hvM Aek¨B _v‡K, †mUv Gwo‡q hvevi Kivi †Kv‡bv Dcvq †bB| GUv hLb †mvbvi evsjv wQj, ZL‡bv wQj, hLb Avgiv cÖvPxb evsjvi nvRvi eQ‡ii ms¯‹…wZi K_v ejwQ ZL‡bv wQj, GL‡bv Av‡Q| 

9

cÖ e Ü

gqgbwmsn I D‡c›`ªwK‡kvi cÖmv`iÄb ivq

D

‡c›`ªwK‡kvi ivq‡PŠayix (1863-1915) g~jZ evsjv wkïmvwn‡Z¨ behy‡Mi cÖeZ©Kiƒ‡c cwiwPZ n‡jI GB eûgvwÎK gvbylwUi cwiPq GK K_vq †`Iqv hvq bv| MíKvi, Kwe, cÖeÜKvi, MÖš’wPÎx, m¤úv`K, gy`ªK, msMxZÁ, wPÎwkíx, Av‡jvKwPÎx, ˆeÁvwbK, KvwiMwiwe` I ag©cÖvY gvbyl wn‡m‡e wZwb Zuvi cwiwPwZ †i‡L †M‡Qb ¯úófv‡eB| †`kRy‡o D‡c›`ªwK‡kvi ivq‡PŠayixi mva©kZel© D`&hvc‡bi cUf~wg‡ZI Zuvi m¤ú~Y© cwiPq cvVKmgvR †c‡q‡Qb wK bv Rvbv †bB| wZwb wb‡R‡K Ôgqgbwmsnx evOvjÕ e‡j cwiPq w`‡Z fv‡jvevm‡Zb, Aek¨ †mKv‡ji gqgbwmsn †Rjv wQj AvqZb I RbmsL¨vq Awef³ e‡½ e„nËg| evwo‡ZI Zuviv gqgbwms‡ni cÖPwjZ K_¨fvlv e¨envi Ki‡Zb| †kvbv hvq, Zuvi `v`v Aa¨¶ mvi`viÄb ivq‡K D‡Ïk K‡i Qov †K‡U e‡jwQ‡jb †hvMx›`ªbv_ miKvi : ÔwKQy‡ZB nq bv ivwR, gqgbwms‡ni evOvj cvwR!Õ Aek¨ eZ©gv‡b mv‡eK gqgbwmsn †Rjv QqwU †Rjvq wef³| D‡c›`ªwK‡kv‡ii Rb¥ eZ©gvb wK‡kviMÄ †Rjvi (ZLb gnKzgv) gmyqv MÖv‡g, hv GLb KvwUqvw` ev KU¨vw` (KwUqvw`) Dc‡Rjvi (Ges _vbv) Aš—fy©³ GKwU BDwbqb (fvi‡Z MÖvg cÂv‡qZ)| GK_v A‡b‡KiB Rvbv †bB †h, Rb¥m~‡Î Zuvi bvg D‡c›`ªwK‡kvi ivq‡PŠayix bq, Kvg`viÄb ivq Ñ wcZv Kvjxbv_ iv‡qi ÁvwZfvB Rwg`vi nwiwK‡kvi ivq‡PŠayix Zuv‡K `ËK wb‡j bvg cwiewZ©Z n‡q D‡c›`ªwK‡kvi ivq‡PŠayix nq, hw`I cwiYZ eq‡m wZwb D‡c›`ªwK‡kvi ivq wjL‡Zb| GB es‡ki Avw` †KŠwjK c`we wKš‘ ivq ev ivq‡PŠayix bq, †`e| bevwe †m‡i¯—vq KvR K‡i G-es‡ki A‡b‡KB gRyg`vi, Lvmbwem, ivq ev ivq‡PŠayix Dcvwa jvf K‡ib| Gu‡`i Avw` evm¯’vbI GB gmyqv MÖv‡g bq| †lvok kZ‡Ki †klw`‡K GB es‡ki Avw`cyi“l ivgmy›`i †`e fvM¨v‡š^l‡Y bw`qv †Rjvi PvK`n †Q‡o my`~i

10

Dˇi gqgbwms‡ni †kicyi ciMbvq cvwo †`b (GLb †kicyi GKwU ¯^Zš¿ †Rjv) Ñ ZLb gqgbwmsn bvgwUi cwiwPwZ wQj bv, wKš‘ Cmv Luvi ivR‡Z¡ †kicyi wQj †ek RgRgvU| GLv‡b G‡m †kicy‡ii Rwg`vwii KvQvwi‡Z wZwb KvR †bb Ges Kvjµ‡g h‡kv`‡ji Rwg`vi ¸Yxivg (¸wYKP›`ª) iv‡qi †g‡q‡K weevn K‡i h‡kv`j MÖv‡g evm Avi¤¢ K‡ib| ivgmy›`‡ii ci Zuvi cyÎ j‡¤^v`i, †cŠÎ gyKz›`ivg †ev‡`kcÖvY, cÖ‡cŠÎ kªxivg, cÖcÖ‡cŠÎ bvivqY Ges Zuvi `yB cyÎ Rqvb›` I ivgvb›` GB h‡kv`j MÖv‡gB evm K‡i‡Qb| wKš‘ Rqvb‡›`i Z…Zxq cyÎ ivgbvivqY cÖ_g gmyqv MÖv‡g cv iv‡Lb| †kvbv hvq, Av‡M MÖvgwUi bvg wQj LyKzicvov, ivgbvivqY‡K LvwZi K‡i Avkcv‡ki MÖv‡gi gvbyl ÔgDm¨vÕ e‡j WvKZ e‡jB MÖv‡gi bvg nq gmyqv| R½jevwoi Rwg`vi‡`i KvQvwi‡Z KvR K‡i ivgbvivqY wKQy RwgRgv cËwb †bb I ivq Dcvwa jvf K‡ib| ïay ivgbvivqYB bb, Zuvi cyÎ K…òRxeb, †cŠÎ eªRivg I cÖ‡cŠÎ ivgKvš— (ivq ev gRyg`vi) R½jevwo KvQvwi‡Z KvR Ki‡Zb, Zuv‡`i evmvevwo wQj GMviwm›`yi MÖv‡g, wKš‘ ¯’vqx evm¯’vb wQj gmyqv MÖv‡g, Avw` eªþcyÎ b‡`i Zx‡i| ZLb GwU g~j eªþcy‡Îi Rjaviv enb KiZ, GLb cÖvq GKwU bvjvq iƒcvš—wiZ| 1776 mv‡ji †i‡b‡ji gvbwP‡Î Zv †`Lv hvq Ñ cÖm½Z ejv hvq, GB gvbwP‡Î R½jevwo, GMviwm›`yi, KvwUqvw`, evwRZcyi cÖf„wZ wbKU¯’ ¯’v‡bi nw`m cvIqv †M‡jI D‡j­L †bB gmyqvi| Aek¨ gqgbwmsn ev wK‡kviMÄ UvD‡biI D‡j­L †bB Ñ gqgbwmsn †Rjv m„ó nq 1787 mv‡j, m¤¢eZ 1791 bvMv` eb¨vq †e¸bevwo cÖvq aŸsm n‡q †M‡j gqgbwmsn †Rjv m`i nq| ivgbvivq‡Yi bvwZ eªRiv‡gi mg‡q eªþcy‡Îi eb¨vq gmyqv MÖvg aŸsm n‡q †M‡j Zuviv bZzb K‡i evm Avi¤¢ K‡ib Ôeo gmyqvÕ ev Kvq¯’cvov MÖv‡g Ñ GwUB AvR‡Ki gmyqv| eªRivg I Zuvi fvB weòzivg GB MÖv‡g cvkvcvwk `ywU evwo ˆZwi K‡i evm Ki‡Z Avi¤¢ K‡ib| Kvjµ‡g eªRiv‡gi eskaiiv m”Qj n‡jI mvaK, Kwe I msMxZ‡cÖgx e‡j cwiwPZ n‡jb Avi weòziv‡gi eskaiiv cÖPzi welqm¤úwË K‡ib| eªRiv‡gi cyÎ ivgKvš— ˆ`wnK kw³ I MvbevRbvi Rb¨ cwiwPZ wQ‡jb Avi Zuvi †cŠÎ †jvKbv_ Rwi‡ci Kv‡R `¶ n‡qI Zš¿mvaK n‡q `uvovb| †m-mvabvq Zuvi wcZv evav w`‡j wZwb Aíeq‡m cÖvYZ¨vM K‡ib Ñ wKse`wš— Abymv‡i cÖvq ÔB”Qvg„Zz¨Õ!

GB †jvKbv‡_i GKgvÎ cyÎ Kvjxbv_ ivqB D‡c›`ªwK‡kv‡ii wcZv| Ab¨w`‡K weòziv‡gi eskaiiv cÖPzi welqm¤úwËi AwaKvix n‡q `uvovb| weòziv‡gi cyÎ †mvbvivg I †cŠÎ M½vai m¤úwË e„w× Ki‡jI Zuvi cÖ‡cŠÎ nwiwK‡kvi wQ‡jb DwKj, wZwb GB f~m¤úwË cÖPzi evwo‡q Rwg`vwi µq K‡ib Ges ivq‡PŠayix Dcvwa jvf K‡ib| wekvj m¤úwËi gvwjK n‡qI nwiwK‡kvi wQ‡jb AmyLx| KviY wZbevi weevn Ki‡jI Zuvi cyÎmš—vb wQj bv| Ab¨w`‡K Kvjxbv_ (whwb k¨vgmy›`i gyÝx bv‡g cwiwPZ wQ‡jb) B‡Zvg‡a¨B jvf K‡iwQ‡jb wZb cyÎ Ñ †klvewa Zvi cuvP †Q‡j I wZb †g‡q nq| nwiwK‡kv‡ii Aby‡iv‡a Kvjxbv_ Zuvi wØZxq cy·K nwiwK‡kvi‡K `ËK w`‡Z ivwR nb Ñ Zuvi bvg cwiewZ©Z n‡q D‡c›`ªwK‡kvi ivq‡PŠayix nq| m¤¢eZ GwU 1868 mv‡ji K_v| Gi `yeQi ev‡`B nwiwK‡kv‡ii wb‡Ri cyÎ b‡i›`ªwK‡kv‡ii Rb¥ nq| Aek¨ Zv‡Z D‡c›`ªwK‡kv‡ii fv‡M¨ †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b Av‡mwb Ñ `yB fvB‡qi †mŠnv`©¨ AUzU wQj| D‡c›`ªwK‡kvi

wekvj m¤úwËi AwaKvix n‡jI †Q‡j‡ejv †_‡KB Zuvi ü`qRy‡o wQj wPÎKjv, msMxZ Avi mvwnZ¨PP©v| cvkvcvwk evwo‡Z evm Ki‡Zb e‡j Zuvi m‡nv`i fvB‡ev‡bi m‡½I Mfxi †mŠnv‡`©¨i m¤úK© wQj AvRxeb| Zuvi eo `v`v mvi`viÄb wQ‡jb MwYZ I ms¯‹…‡Zi Aa¨vcK, Kv‡j †g‡UªvcwjUb K‡j‡Ri Aa¨¶ I Ôevsjvi wµ‡K‡Ui RbKÕ bv‡g mycwiwPZ; Z…Zxq fvB gyw³`viÄbI MwYZ I ms¯‹…‡Zi Aa¨vcK Ges †Ljvayjvq `¶; PZz_© fvB Kzj`viÄb wkïmvwnwZ¨K I Abyev`K wn‡m‡e mycwiwPZ; Ges cÂg fvB cÖg`viÄb (eZ©gvb †jL‡Ki wcZvgn) wQ‡jb Rwic wefv‡Mi D”Pc`¯’ Kg©KZ©v| Abygvb Kwi, Zuvi †Q‡j‡ejvUv †K‡U‡Q GB gmyqv MÖv‡g, A‡bK Avb‡›` euvwk evwR‡q I Qwe Gu‡K| Zuv‡`i cwiev‡ii cÖwZwôZ cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qB Zuv‡`i me fvB‡qi cov‡kvbv Avi¤¢ Ñ GLb Aek¨ Zvi cv‡kB M‡o D‡V‡Q gmyqv nvB¯‹zj| m¤¢eZ 1874-75 bvMv` D‡c›`ªwK‡kvi co‡Z Av‡mb gqgbwmsn †Rjv ¯‹z‡j| gqgbwmsn kn‡i nwiwK‡kv‡ii GK wekvj †`vZjv evwo wQj| Zvi mvg‡b wQj g¯— dzUej gvV| Rwg`vwi ZË¡veav‡b Ges Av`vj‡Zi Kv‡R nwiwK‡kvi‡K cÖvqB gqgbwmsn Avm‡Z n‡Zv| mvg‡bi iv¯—vwUi bvgI wQj nwiwK‡kvi †ivW, Av‡Rv †m-bvg Av‡Q wK bv Rvbv †bB| G-evwo‡Z †_‡K D‡c›`ªwK‡kvi cov‡kvbv Ki‡Zb, Aek¨ Zuv‡`i AvZ¥xq¯^Rb I eÜzevÜe Av‡iv K‡qKwU †Q‡j †mLv‡b †_‡K cov‡kvbv Ki‡Zb| GKUz eo n‡j b‡i›`ªwK‡kvi‡K wb‡q Zuvi cvwjKv gv ivRj²x †`exI GLv‡b _vK‡Zb, nwiwK‡kviI cÖ‡qvRb Abymv‡i GLv‡b _vK‡Zb| Ab¨ mg‡q D‡c›`ªwK‡kv‡ii ZË¡veav‡bi fvi wQj ¸wc`v bv‡g GK wek¦vmx PvK‡ii Ici| my›`i †Pnviv, wgwó ¯^fve I cov‡kvbvq mvd‡j¨i Rb¨ wZwb mK‡ji wcÖq wQ‡jb| wPÎwe`¨v I msMx‡Z D‡c›`ªwK‡kv‡ii AvMÖn Av‡iv †e‡o †Mj| wZwb wb‡RB †envjv evRv‡Z †k‡Lb I †kvbv hvq, bZzb †Kv‡bv Mr ï‡b ZLbB ¸wc`v‡K w`‡q †envjv Avwb‡q †m Mr Zz‡j †d‡jb| ¯‹z‡j †QvUjvU m¨vi A¨vkwj B‡Wb cwi`k©‡b G‡j D‡c›`ªwK‡kvi PUcU Zuvi Qwe Gu‡K †bb| e¨vcviwU jvUmv‡n‡ei bR‡i G‡j gv÷vigkvBiv f‡q KvV n‡q hvb, wKš‘ jvUmv‡ne Zvwid K‡i Zuvi wcV Pvc‡o †`b Avi e‡jb, Qwe AuvKv bv Qvo‡Z| Zv wZwb Qv‡obIwb| ZLb †Rjv ¯‹z‡ji cÖavb wk¶K wQ‡jb iZbgwY ¸ß Avi †nWcwÊZ kªxbv_ P›`| `yR‡bB D‡c›`ªwK‡kvi‡K Lye fv‡jvevm‡Zb| †dv_© K¬vm †_‡K GLv‡b Zuvi mncvVx wQ‡jb MMbP›`ª †nvg (1857-1929)| eq‡m †ek wKQyUv eo n‡jI `yR‡bi eÜzZ¡ wQj Mfxi Ges AvRxeb| BwZg‡a¨ evsjvRy‡o eªvþ mgv‡Ri †bZ…‡Z¡ ag© I mgvR ms¯‹vi Av‡›`vjb Qwo‡q c‡o| KjKvZvi evB‡i cÖ_g cÖwZwôZ nq XvKvi Ôc~e©e½xq eªvþmgvRÕ (1846) Avi Zvi c‡iB Ôgqgbwmsn eªvþmgvRÕ (1853)| †m-eQiB cÖwZwôZ nq gqgbwmsn †Rjv ¯‹zj Avi Zvi cÖ_g †nWgv÷vi RM`xkP‡›`ªi wcZv fMevbP›`ª emy ZLb eªvþmgv‡R AvPv‡h©i KvRI K‡i‡Qb| D‡c›`ªwK‡kv‡ii R‡b¥i Av‡MB Kzwgj­v (1854), PÆMÖvg (1855), dwi`cyi (1857), cvebv (1857), e¸ov (1858), ivRkvnx-†evqvwjqv (1859), ewikvj (1861), eªvþYevwoqv (1863) cÖf„wZ ¯’v‡b eªvþmgvR cÖwZwôZ nq| gmyqv MÖv‡gi Rxeb wKQyUv wb¯—i½ _vK‡jI gqgbwmsn kn‡i †KkeP›`ª †mb Ges cÖPviK weRqK…ò †Mv¯^vgx I A‡avibv_ ¸‡ßi cÖ‡ Póvq

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RbRxe‡b †ek Av‡jvob I‡V| Dwbk kZ‡Ki g‡a¨ wK‡kviMÄ (1866), R½jevwo (1875) I Uv½vBj (1887) kn‡iI eªvþmgvR MwVZ nq| gqgbwms‡ni BwZnvm-cÖ‡YZv †K`vibv_ gRyg`v‡ii eqv‡b, Ô1854 m‡b kn‡ii Ck¦iP›`ª wek¦vm, wÎcyivk¼i ¸ß, †Mvwe›` ¸n cÖf„wZ wkw¶Z †jvK eªvþa‡g©i Av‡jvPbv Avi¤¢ Kwiqv kn‡i Zzgyj Av‡›`vjb †mªvZ cÖevwnZ Kwiqv w`‡jb| wbôvevb wn›`yiv Avcb Avcb åvZv, åvZz®úyÎ, fvwM‡bq cÖf„wZ jBqv e¨¯— nBqv cwo‡jb| evmvq evmvq †hLv‡b †mLv‡b eªvþa‡g©i Av‡jvPbv nB‡Z jvwMj|... eªvþa‡g©i †Kvjvnj kni Rq Kwiqv cj­x‡Z cj­x‡Z cÖ‡ek Kwij|Õ †KkeP›`ª I weRqK…‡òi cÖfv‡e Ôeû †jvK eªvþa‡g©i Avkªq MÖnY Kwi‡jb Ñ wn›`ymgv‡R AvZ¼ Dcw¯’Z nBj|Õ eªvþfvevcbœ I D`vicš’x gvbylRb gqgbwms‡n ÔwjUv‡iPvi K¬veÕ I ÔAv‡Z¥vbœwZmvwabx mfvÕ Avi †kicy‡i Ôwe‡`¨vbœwZmvwabx mfvÕ cÖwZôv K‡ib| 1869 mv‡j gqgbwmsn eªvþmgv‡Ri bZzb gw›`‡ii Øvi D`&NvUb nq| Gi cÖwZwµqviƒ‡c gqgbwmsn kn‡i mfv K‡i cÖwZwôZ nq Ôwn›`yag© ÁvbcÖ`vwqbx mfvÕ (1867)| ivRv ivRK…ò wmsn Ges k¤¢yP›`ª ivq, m~h©Kvš— AvPvh© †PŠayix, iv‡R›`ªwK‡kvi ivq‡PŠayix, ivgRq gRyg`vi, kªxai AvPvh© †PŠayix cÖgyL m¤úbœ Rwg`viiv GB mfv cÖwZôv K‡ib Ges mfvcwZi Avm‡b wQ‡jb D‡c›`ªwK‡kv‡ii cvjK-wcZv nwiwK‡kvi ivq‡PŠayix| Gevi be¨ wn›`y I eªvþ Av‡›`vj‡bi †ilv‡iwl Pig AvKvi aviY K‡i, be`xw¶Z eªvþ hyeK‡`i Ici †b‡g Av‡m AeY©bxq AZ¨vPvi Ñ gqgbwmsn kn‡i M‡o I‡V c„_K Ôeªvþcj­xÕ| D‡c›`ªwK‡kv‡ii wk¶K‡`i g‡a¨ cÖavb wk¶K iZbgwY ¸ß I kªxbv_ P›` wQ‡jb eªvþa‡g© AbyivMx| Ôeªvþ †`vKv‡bÕi cwiPvjK kirP›`ª ivqI D‡c›`ªwK‡kvi‡K Lye fv‡jvevm‡Zb| Zuvi eÜz‡`i g‡a¨ MMbP›`ª †nvg I Av‡iv K‡qKRb wQ‡jb eªvþa‡g©i AvKl©‡Y M„nZ¨vMx| wcZvi A‡MvP‡i D‡c›`ªwK‡kvi Gu‡`i m‡½ wgwjZ n‡Zb| D‡c›`ªwK‡kvi‡K eªvþa‡g©i cÖwZ AvK…ó Kivq MMbP›`ª †nv‡gi GKUv eo f~wgKv wQj| wKš‘ Zuvi Rxeb¯§„wZ MÖ‡š’ MMbP›`ª wj‡L‡Qb †h, ZLb D‡c›`ªwK‡kvi Gw`‡K AvK…ó nbwb, eis ÔeªþÁvbxÕ e‡j MMbP›`ª‡K L¨vcv‡Zb, Z‡e Ôgqgbwms‡n _vwK‡Z D‡c›`ªwK‡kv‡ii eªvþmgv‡R Avmv nq bvB Ñ KjKvZv Avwmqv wZwb Avi Avgv‡`i Qvwoqv _vwK‡Z cv‡ib bvB|Õ GbUªvÝ cix¶v hLb Kv‡Q G‡m †M‡Q, ZL‡bv D‡c›`ªwK‡kvi euvwk evwR‡q Ny‡i †eov‡”Qb †`‡L †nWgv÷vi gkvB Zuvi wcÖq QvÎwU‡K wZi¯‹vi K‡ib| KviY Zuvi Kv‡Q cÖZ¨vkv A‡bK| wZi¯‹…Z n‡q D‡c›`ªwK‡kvi ÔAvcbvi mv‡ai †envjvwU fvwOqv †dwj‡jb| h_vmg‡q cix¶v‡š— 15 UvKv e„wË cvBqv wZwb gnvmgv‡iv‡n Ôeªvþ †`vKv‡bÕ GK †fvR w`‡jb|Õ D”Pwk¶v‡_© wZwb Gevi KjKvZv G‡jb Ges µ‡gB Zuvi Rxeb KjKvZv‡Kw›`ªK n‡q coj| KjKvZvq G‡m D‡c›`ªwK‡kvi †cÖwm‡WwÝ K‡j‡R fwZ© n‡jb, GLv‡b Zuvi mZx_© wQ‡jb MMbP›`ª †nvg| c‡i 1884 mv‡j wZwb †g‡UªvcwjUvb K‡jR †_‡K weG cvk K‡ib| K‡jR cwieZ©‡bi mwVK KviY Rvbv hvq bv, Z‡e A‡b‡K Abygvb K‡ib, †g‡UªvcwjUvb K‡j‡Ri AvenvIqv I M‡elYvMv‡ii AvKl©YB G Rb¨ `vqx| KjKvZvq G‡m wZwb cÖ_‡g evm Ki‡Zb 8bs iZz miKvi †j‡b Ôgqgbwmsn †g‡mÕ, c‡i Av‡mb eÜz MMbP›`ª †nv‡gi D‡`¨v‡M 50bs mxZvivg †Nvl w÷ª‡Ui bZzb †gmevwo‡Z| MMbP›`ª †nv‡gi fvlvq, Ô50bs mxZvivg †Nv‡li

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÷ªx‡Ui evwo fvov Kwiqv mK‡j GKwÎZ nBjvg| D‡c›`ªwK‡kvi ivq, †n‡g›`ª‡gvnb emy, cÖg`vPiY †mb, g_yivbv_ b›`x, KvjxcÖmbœ `vm Ges AviI KwZcq eªvþa‡g© AbyivMx hyeK Avwmqv †mLv‡b RywU‡jb|... 50bs mxZvivg †Nv‡li ÷ªxU kxNÖB GK Ôeªvþ‡Kj­vÕ nBqv DwVj| GLv‡b ØviKvbv_ Mv½yjx gnvkq Avgv‡`i †bZv nBqv `uvovB‡jb| wZwb cÖvq cÖwZw`b cÖv‡Z Avgv‡`i m‡½ wgwjqv ivRbxwZ I ag©bxwZ Av‡jvPbv Kwi‡Zb| gv‡Sgv‡S f³ weRqK…ò †Mv¯^vgx, cwÊZ wkebv_ kv¯¿x gnvkq I kªxhy³ b‡M›`ªbv_ P‡Ævcva¨vq gnvkq Avgv‡`i GB Avev‡m Avwmqv Dcvmbvw` Kwi‡Zb| †Mv¯^vgx gnvkq GLv‡b K‡qKRb hyeK‡K eªvþa‡g© `xw¶Z KwiqvwQ‡jb...|Õ D‡c›`ªwK‡kv‡ii Rxe‡b GB Ôeªvþ †Kj­vÕi cÖfve wQj AZ¨š— Mfxi| cÖg`vPiY †mb (1859-85) GLvb †_‡K cÖ_g cÖK…Z wkïcvV¨ cwÎKv mLv cÖKí Avi¤¢ K‡ib (1883)| †Mvov †_‡KB Gi m‡½ hy³ wQ‡jb D‡c›`ªwK‡kvi| cÖg`vPi‡Yi AKvjg„Zz¨i ci hLb wkebv_ kv¯¿x Gi m¤úv`bvi fvi †bb, ZL‡bv Zuvi m‡½ D‡c›`ªwK‡kvi hy³ wQ‡jb| Gici mv_x, mLv I mv_x Ges gyKzj cwÎKvi m‡½I wZwb wbweofv‡e hy³ n‡q c‡ob| wkïmvwn‡Z¨i cÖwZ GB AvKl©‡YiB †kl cwiYwZ Zuvi m¤úv`bvq m‡›`k cwÎKvi cÖKvk (1913)| wØZxqZ, GB mg‡qB eªvþmgv‡Ri m‡½ Zuvi m¤úK© Nwbô n‡q `uvovq I †kl ch©š— 1884 mv‡j weG cvk K‡i wZwb `x¶v MÖnY K‡ib| ØviKvbv_ M‡½vcva¨vq (1844-98) I wkebv_ kv¯¿xi (1847-1929) cÖfve Aek¨B Zuvi Ic‡i wQj me©vwaK| m¤¢eZ iex›`ªbv‡_i m‡½ Zuvi NwbôZvi m~ÎcvZI GB mg‡q| Avw` eªvþmgv‡R iex›`ªbv‡_i eªþmsMx‡Zi m‡½ Zuvi †envjvq msMZ h‡_ó mgv`„Z n‡qwQj| GB `ywU NUbvi cÖfveB Zuv‡K gqgbwms‡ni Rwg`vwi cwiPvjbvi Rxeb †_‡K eû`~‡i wb‡q hvq| m¤¢eZ 1880 mv‡j Zuvi Rb¥`vZv wcZv Kvjxbv‡_i g„Zz¨ NU‡j wZwb mbvZb cÖ_vq kªv×vbyôvb bv K‡i eªvþaviv Abymv‡i kª×vÁvcb K‡ib| G‡Z nwiwK‡kvi AZ¨š— wePwjZ n‡q c‡ob I Zuv‡K m¤úwËPz¨Z Kivi ûgwK w`‡q PigcÎ †`b| D‡c›`ªwK‡kvi Zv‡Z AwePwjZ wQ‡jb Ges m¤¢eZ DBj K‡i Zuv‡K m¤úwË †_‡K ewÂZ K‡ib nwiwK‡kvi| M‡elK wm×v_© †Nvl wj‡L‡Qb, Ô†kvbv hvq...

D‡c›`ªwK‡kvi m¤úwËi A‡a©‡Ki cwie‡Z© gvÎ GK-PZz_©vsk jvf K‡ibÕ, Z‡e mvaviYZ ejv nq, Zuvi cvwjKv gv ivRj²x †`ex †m DBj wQu‡o †d‡j `yB fvB‡qi g‡a¨ m¤úwË mgvbfv‡M fvM K‡i †`b| 1883 mv‡j nwiwK‡kv‡ii g„Zz¨i ci Zuvi kªv×vbyôvb wb‡qI Pig Akvwš— nq| b‡i›`ªwK‡kvi cÖ_vg‡Z Zuvi kªv× Ki‡jI D‡c›`ªwK‡kvi eªvþixwZ‡Z kªv× K‡ib Ges G‡Z MÖv‡gi cÖwZwôZ gvbylRb h‡_ó ¶zä nb| G cÖm‡½ Zuvi cyÎ myKzgvi wj‡L‡Qb, Ô†mB AvZ¥wbô gnvcyi“l mKj wbh©vZb I åƒKzwUf½x‡K D‡c¶v Kwiqv †Nvi Akvwš—i g‡a¨ AwePwjZ cÖkvš—fv‡e Avcb wek¦vmwbw`©ó KZ©e¨ cvjb Kwiqv ¯^c¶ wec¶ mK‡ji kª×v AR©b Kwi‡jb Ges mvgvwRK Drcxo‡bi AwMœcix¶vq DËxY© nBqv c~Y©gvÎvq eªvþmgv‡Ri cÖwZ mswk­ó nB‡jb|Õ 1884 mv‡j wZwb weG cvk K‡i KjKvZvq d‡UvMÖvwd, GbjvR©‡ g›U I e­K ˆZwii KvR Avi¤¢ K‡ib Ges AvbyôvwbKfv‡e eªvþmgv‡R †hvM †`b| 1885 mv‡ji 15 Ryb wZwb ØviKvbv‡_i cÖ_g c‡¶i Kb¨v weaygyLx‡K weevn K‡ib I ÔmgvRcvovqÕ 13bs Kb©Iqvwjk w÷ª‡Ui jvnvevwo‡Z emevm Avi¤¢ K‡ib| cvwievwiK Rxe‡bi mg¯— `vq-`vwqZ¡ wZwb nvwmgy‡L enb

Ki‡Zb| G-evwo‡Z Zuvi cuvP mš—v‡bi Rb¥ nq, c‡i hLb wkebvivqY `vm †j‡bi fvov evwo‡Z hvb, †mLv‡b Zuvi Kwbô cyÎ myweg‡ji Rb¥ nq| ïay GB QwU †Q‡j‡g‡q bq, cÖwZ‡ekx I eªvþcÖPviK ivgKzgvi we`¨viZœ ¯¿xwe‡qv‡Mi ci mbœ¨vmx n‡q †M‡j Zuvi wØZxqv Kb¨v myigv‡K wZwb gvbyl K‡ib Ñ Avevi PZz_© fvB Kzj`vićbi ¯¿xwe‡qv‡Mi ci Zuvi wZbwU †Q‡j‡g‡q‡KI wZwb eo K‡ib| GB `kwU †Q‡j‡g‡q‡K gvby‡li gZb gvbyl K‡ib, †jv‡K †`‡L ejZ Ôme mgq evwoUv †hb nvm‡QÕ| Avi Zuv‡`i evwo‡Z wbZ¨ hvIqv-Avmv Ki‡Zb iex›`ªbv_, Aebx›`ªbv_, RM`xkP›`ª, cÖdzj­P›`ª, ivgvb›` P‡Ævcva¨vq, wkebv_ kv¯¿x, bxjiZb miKvi cÖgyL weL¨vZ gvbyl| Zuv‡`i cÖfveI c‡o _vK‡e †QvU‡`i PwiÎMV‡b| Ab¨w`‡K Zuvi Kv‡Ri cwiwaI mgv‡b we¯—„Z nw”Qj| gy`ªY I we‡kl K‡i Qwe Qvcvq wZwb n‡q I‡Vb AwØZxq| Kv‡Ri we¯—v‡ii d‡jB evwo e`j K‡i cÖ_‡g wkebvivqY `vm †j‡b, c‡i mywKqv w÷ª‡U fvov evwo‡Z hvb| †mLv‡bB Zuvi ms¯’vi bvg `uvovq ÔBD ivq A¨vÛ mÝÕ Ges Zv cy‡ivcywi GK AvaywbK cÖKvkbv ms¯’v n‡q `uvovq| 1897 †_‡K 1912 mv‡ji g‡a¨ Zuvi bwU cÖeÜ cÖKvwkZ nq gy`ªYmsµvš— weL¨vZ cwÎKv Penrose Pictorial Annual-G| nvd‡Uvb gy`ª‡Y wZwb wQ‡jb AwØZxq Ñ GgbKx, Zuvi Avwe®‹vi we‡j‡Z †KD †c‡U›U wb‡q‡Q ï‡bI wQ‡jb AwePwjZ| Gi cvkvcvwk PjwQj Zuvi Qwe †Zvjv, Qwe AuvKv I msMxZPP©v| Gme wel‡qI †ek KwU cÖeÜ wewfbœ cÎ-cwÎKvq cÖKvwkZ nq| iex›`ªbv‡_i K‡qKwU Mv‡bi ¯^iwjwc cÖKvk K‡ib (†Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv †¶‡Î wZwbB cÖ_g) Ges Aš—Z wZbwU Mvb Bs‡iwR‡Z Abyev` K‡ib| msMxZ-wel‡q wZwb iPbv K‡ib `ywU eB Ñ wk¶K e¨wZ‡i‡K nvi‡gvwbqvg wk¶v (1888, wZbwU ms¯‹i‡Yi ci eBwU wZwb Zz‡j †bb) Avi †envjv wk¶v (1904)| mvaviY eªvþmgv‡Ri msMxZ wk¶vj‡q wZwb Mvb †kLv‡Zb wbqwgZ Ges Zuvi †jLv Aš—Z QqwU ÔeªþmsMxZÕ Av‡Q Ñ hvi g‡a¨ ÔRv‡Mv cyievmxÕ Av‡Rv wbqwgZ MxZ nq eªvþmgv‡R g‡nvrm‡ei cÖv°v‡j| GZrm‡Ë¡I Zuvi g~j cwiwPwZ wkïmvwnwZ¨Kiƒ‡c| †QvU‡`i Rb¨ †jLv Zuvi †Q‡j‡`i ivgvqY (1897, wØZxq ms‡kvwaZ ms¯‹iY 1907), †mKv‡ji K_v (1903), †Q‡j‡`i gnvfviZ (1908), gnvfvi‡Zi Mí (1909), †QvÆ ivgvqY (1910) Avi UzbUzwbi eB (1911) eûj mgv`„Z| Z‡e Zuvi †kªô KxwZ© m¤¢eZ m‡›`k cwÎKvi cÖKvk (1913), hw`I gvÎ 28wU msL¨v m¤úv`bvi ciB Zuvi AKvjg„Zz¨| Zuv‡`i cvwievwiK cwiw¯’wZ‡ZI bvbv cwieZ©b G‡mwQj| eo`v`v mvi`viÄb Zuvi eªvþag© MÖn‡Y Lywk nbwb, wZwb I gyw³`viÄb

mbvZb a‡g©B i‡q wM‡qwQ‡jb| Ab¨w`‡K †QvU `yB fvB Kzj`viÄb I cÖg`viÄb eªvþag© MÖnY K‡ib A‡bKUv ZuviB cÖfv‡e| †QvU †evb g„Yvwjbxi weevn nq eªv þ cwiev‡i Ñ gqgbwms‡ni Rqwmw× MÖv‡gi Avb›`‡gvnb emyi åvZz®úyÎ †n‡g›`ª‡gvn‡bi m‡½ (whwb GBP. †evm bv‡gB mycwiwPZ)| G‡Z Aek¨ Zuv‡`i fvB‡`i g‡a¨ m¤úK© ¶zYœ nqwb| 1898 mv‡j k¦ïi ØviKvbv‡_i g„Zz¨i ci Zuv‡`i cwiev‡ii (gwnjv Wv³vi Kv`w¤^bx M‡½vcva¨vq I Zuv‡`i bvevjK cyÎ-Kb¨v) wKQy evowZ `vwqZ¡ MÖnY Ki‡Z nq Zuv‡K| b‡i›`ªwK‡kvi‡K wKš‘ cov‡kvbv †Q‡o w`‡q Rwg`vwi †`Lv‡kvbv Ki‡Z nq| gv‡Sg‡a¨ D‡c›`ªwK‡kvi Rwg`vwi cwi`k©‡b †M‡jI wZwb KvRKg© wb‡q g~jZ KjKvZv‡ZB _vK‡Zb| b‡i›`ªwK‡kv‡ii m‡½ wZwb Rwg`vwi fvMvfvwM K‡i Zuv‡K gmyqvi me RwgRgv Ges gqgbwms‡ni evwo w`‡q wb‡R `~ieZx© wKQy m¤úwË iv‡Lb| c‡i 1905 mvj bvMv` wZwb m¤úwË cvKvcvwK fvM K‡i †bb| c‡i m¤¢eZ Zuvi cÖKvkbv ms¯’vi cÖ‡qvR‡b Gi Askwe‡kl eÜK iv‡Lb| GB Kg©e¨¯—Zvi g‡a¨I wZwb gv‡Sg‡a¨ gmyqv Ges Rwg`vwi cwi`k©‡b †h‡Zb| Zuvi †Kv‡bv †jLvq Gi cwiwPwZ †bB| wKš‘ Zuvi Kb¨v cyY¨jZv PµeZx© †Q‡j‡ejvi w`b¸wj (1958) eB‡Z GK g‡bvÁ eY©bv w`‡q‡Qb| Zuvi eY©bvq Ôiv‡Î wkqvj`n †ók‡b †Uª‡b P‡o †fvi‡ejv †Mvqvj‡›` w÷gvi aiZvg| g¯— g¯— RvnvR, Zv‡`i bvg wQj Gwj‡MUi, †µv‡KvWvBj, cic‡qR, Avevi GK`j wQj CMj, KÊi, fvjPvi| Avgiv †Kwe‡bi wfZ‡i _vK‡ZB PvBZvg bv, mvivw`b †W‡K `uvwo‡q `yÕav‡ii `„k¨ †`LZvg| G‡KK RvqMvq b`x GZ PIov †h Gcvi †_‡K Icvi fvj K‡i †`LvB hvq bv|... weKv‡ji w`‡K bvivqYMÄ †cuŠ‡Q †Uª‡b DVZvg| ivZ`ycy‡i KvIqvB` †÷k‡b †b‡g †bŠKvq Po‡Z nZ|... Av‡jv wb‡q, j¤^v j¤^v jvwV nv‡Z, †jvKRb Avgv‡`i m‡½ _vKZ Ñ Nyg‡Pv‡L wM‡q Avevi †bŠKvi g‡a¨ cvZv weQvbvq ï‡q coZvg| mKv‡j D‡V †`LZvg Gevi cÙv bq, A‡bK †QvU †QvU b`x w`‡q PjwQ|... †bŠ‡Kv hLb wM‡q Nv‡U jvMZ ZLbI evwo A‡bK `~i| Nv‡U nvwZ, cvwé-Wyjx A‡c¶v KiZ| ... evwo †cuŠQ‡Z †cuŠQ‡Z cÖvq mܨv nZ, Kviv †hb kuvL evRvZ, VvKzigv-wcmxgviv GwM‡q G‡m Avgv‡`i Av`i K‡i N‡i wb‡q †h‡Zb|Õ †`k m¤^‡Ü Zuvi e³e¨ : Ô†`‡ki Nievwo, evMvb, cyKzi Avgv‡`i Kv‡Q †m GK bZzb ivR¨! evMv‡b ARmª dzj, †KuvPo f‡i Zz‡j Avb‡Z Kx gRv! Mv‡Qi cvKv dj wb‡Ri nv‡Z †c‡o †L‡Z Kx gRv|... evwoi Mi“i `ya-mi cyKz‡ii gvQ, Mv‡Qi Avg-KuvVvj, evMv‡bi dj-ZiKvwi, N‡i ˆZix wc‡V-cywj, cvovMuv‡q GBme myLv‡`¨i †P‡q UzwKUvwKi

Kg©e¨¯—Zvi g‡a¨I wZwb gv‡Sg‡a¨ gmyqv Ges Rwg`vwi cwi`k©‡b †h‡Zb| Zuvi †Kv‡bv †jLvq Gi cwiwPwZ †bB| wKš‘ Zuvi Kb¨v cyY¨jZv PµeZx© †Q‡j‡ejvi w`b¸wj (1958) eB‡Z GK g‡bvÁ eY©bv w`‡q‡Qb|

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Dc‡iI Avgv‡`i †jvf wKQy Kg wQj bv| †mme evbv‡ZI Avgv‡`i cvovMuv‡qi wcmx-w`w`iv †ek I¯—v` wQj|Õ gmyqvi wKQy gRvi MíI cyY¨jZv cwi‡ekb K‡i‡Qb, e‡j‡Qb Zuv‡`i bi-nvwZ hvÎvg½j I gvw` nvwZ KzmygKwji K_v| hvÎvg½j KL‡bv KL‡bv D‡ËwRZ n‡q co‡jI KzmygKwj wQj Lye kvš— Avi †QvU‡`i LyeB fv‡jvevmZ| gmyqvi evwo (GgbwK Zvi bKkv ch©š—) Ges †mLvbKvi MíK_v PgrKvi Kw_Z n‡q‡Q nwiwK‡kv‡ii cyÎ wn‡Z›`ªwK‡kvi ivq‡PŠayixi D‡c›`ªwK‡kvi I gmyqv ivq cwiev‡ii Mímí eB‡Z (1983)| D‡c›`ªwK‡kvi 1898 mv‡j f~wgK¤ú I †c­‡Mi gnvgvwii ci GKevi, 1905-06 mv‡j m¤úwË fvMvfvwM Ki‡Z GKevi, 1911 mv‡ji †k‡l GKevi Avi m¤¢eZ myKzgv‡ii weev‡ni ci (1914 Rvbyqvwi?) GKevi †`‡k wM‡qwQ‡jb| Zey †`‡ki m‡½ Zuvi †hvMm~Î ¶xY n‡q AvmwQj| gqgbwmsn wb‡q mivmwi wKQy bv wjL‡jI Zuvi UzbUzwbi eB‡q IB A‡ji †jvK-cÖPwjZ M‡íi Qvc Av‡Q| wZwb wb‡RI Gi f~wgKvq wj‡L‡Qb, Ômܨvi mgq wkïiv hLb Avnvi bv KwiqvB NygvBqv cwo‡Z Pvq, ZLb c~e©e‡½i †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv A‡ji †øniƒwcbx gwnjvMY GB Mí¸wj ewjqv Zvnv‡`i RvMvBqv iv‡Lb| AvkvKwi Avgvi myKzgvi cvVK cvwVKv‡`iI GB Mí¸wj fvj jvwM‡e|Õ mgv‡jvPK‡`i A‡b‡Ki g‡Z, †m-hy‡M IB A‡j ev‡Ni Dc`ªe wQj Ges †QvU‡`i g‡b ev‡Ni fq KvUv‡ZB †QvÆ UzbUzwb cvwLi nv‡Z ev‡Ni bv¯—vbvey` nIqvi Kvwnwbi AeZviYv| jxjv gRyg`v‡ii D‡c›`ªwK‡kvi eB‡Z (1953) GiKg A‡bK ev‡Ni M‡íi D‡j­L Av‡Q Ñ KvQvKvwQi g‡a¨ gaycy‡i ZLb Mfxi eb wQj, GLb Aek¨ Gme AÂj cÖavbZ K…wlwbf©i| cÖm½Z D‡j­L¨, Av‡iK wKse`wš—¯^iƒc iƒcK_vi K_K `w¶YviÄb wgÎ-gRyg`v‡ii (1877-1957)-K_v, whwb gqgbwms‡n Zuvi wcwmgvi Rwg`vwi †`Lv‡kvbv Kivi m~‡Î IB A‡ji †jvKK_v msMÖn K‡i iPbv K‡ib VvKzgvi Szwj (1907) I Av‡iv wZbwU eB| GB `ywU eB‡Z Av‡Q IB A‡ji RjgvwUi MÜ Avi ÔwkqvjcwÊZÕ MíwU `yR‡bB cwi‡ekb K‡i‡Qb| Av‡iKwU KweZvq Av‡Q gqgbwms‡ni K_v, †hwU Ôgqgbwms‡ni wPwVÕ bv‡g †Kv_vI cÖKvwkZ n‡jI Avm‡j Zuvi ¯¿xi `v`v mZxkP›`ª M‡½vcva¨vq‡K †jLv GKwU gRvi wPwV (¯’vbxq Dcfvlvq) : ˆmZ¨vÏv, nvt nvt nvt| K_vWv ïBb¨v hv, ˆKjKvËv †em¨v Lv ˆ` Qvbv, Kx cuvVv| gqgbwms †NvovwÇg! †`Levi bvB wK”Qy fvB, mv‡f©›U BR B÷zwcW ivBܨv †_vq hvB”Q¨v ZvB! Aek¨ G-KweZvq cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q nvm¨i‡mi m‡½ Zuvi †fvRbwcÖqZv Avi iuvaywb-PvK‡ii e¨_©Zv! D‡c›`ªwK‡kv‡ii RxebKvwnwbi †kl Aa¨vq wbg©gfv‡e msw¶ß| 1915 mv‡ji †Mvovq 100bs Mocvi †iv‡Wi bZzb evwo ˆZwi K‡i †mLv‡b D‡V Av‡mb mcwiev‡i, Zuvi cÖKvkbv ms¯’v BD ivq A¨vÛ mÝ m‡gZ Ñ Aek¨ m‡›`k cwÎKv i‡q †Mj mywKqv w÷ª‡Ui fvovevwo‡Z| ZLbB Zuv‡K a‡i `yiv‡ivM¨ Wvqv‡ewUm e¨vwa‡Z| cÖ_g gnvhy‡×i mg‡q Rvg©vb BD‡ev‡Ui

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Avµg‡Y BD‡ivc †_‡K Ilya Avg`vwb eÜ| cÖvq webv wPwKrmvq gviv hvb D‡c›`ªwK‡kvi, wKš‘ kvš—-mgvwnZ wP‡Ë Ck¦‡i wb‡ew`ZcÖvY| Zuvi g„Zz¨i ci cwÎKv I cÖKvkbv ms¯’vi `vwqZ¡ †bb myKzgvi Ges `ywU †¶‡ÎB `vi“Y mvdj¨ AR©b K‡ib| Gme Kv‡Ri g‡a¨I K‡qKevi Rwg`vwi cwi`k©‡b †M‡Qb, GKevi bv‡q‡ei AZ¨vPv‡i †Kv‡bv gnv‡ji cÖRviv we‡`ªvnx n‡q DV‡j wb‡RB bv‡qe‡K kvmb K‡i cÖRv‡`i e‡k Av‡bb| 1920 mv‡ji †klw`‡K hLb Rwg`vwi cwi`k©‡b hvb, ZLbB †Kv‡bv `~‡ii gnvj †_‡K KvjvR¡‡ii msµgY wb‡q Av‡mb| 1921 mv‡j cyÎ mZ¨wR‡Zi R‡b¥i mg‡qI Zuvi ¯^v¯’¨ wN‡i wQj mK‡ji `ywðš—v| AvovB eQi †ivMhš¿Yv mn¨ K‡i Zuvi g„Zz¨ nq 10 †m‡Þ¤^i, 1923 mv‡j gvÎ 36 eQi eq‡m| Zvi Ae¨ewnZ c‡iB Wv. D‡c›`ªbv_ eªþPvixi BDwiqvw÷evgvBb IlyawU e¨env‡ii QvocÎ †`q †gwWK¨vj KvDbwmj| Ck¦‡ii wb`vi“Y cwinvm Qvov Avi Kx! Z‡e G-cwiev‡ii Kcv‡j Av‡iv `ytL wQj| mywebq QvcvLvbv I cwÎKv Pvjvevi †Póv Ki‡jI `yeQ‡ii g‡a¨ †`bvi `v‡q R‡ji `‡i wewK‡q †Mj BD ivq A¨vÛ mÝ, m‡›`k cwÎKv, Rwg`vwi Avi Mocv‡ii wekvj evwo| cÖvq Kc`©Kk~b¨ Ae¯’vq G-cwievi‡K AvZ¥xq-¯^R‡bi evwo‡Z Avkªq wb‡Z nq| jxjv gRyg`v‡ii g‡Z, Ôï‡bwQjvg j¶vwaK UvKvi †`bv wQj, cvIbv wQj Av‡iv A‡bK †ewk|Õ Zey GB gg©vwš—K NUbvwU NUj| †h‡nZz cwÎKvi ¯^Z¡ I QvcvLvbv wK‡bwQ‡jb huviv Zuviv wQ‡jb ivq‡`i Kg©Pvix, Ab¨vb¨ Kg©PvixI wb‡R‡`i mdj e¨emv M‡o Zz‡jwQ‡jb, ZvB loh‡š¿i Awf‡hvM Dwo‡q †`Iqv hvq bv| Z‡e 1926 mv‡jB Mocv‡ii evwoi m‡½ Ges gmyqvi Rwg`vwii m‡½ m¤ú‡K©i †kl| cwiev‡ii GB fqsKi `yw`©‡bI wKš‘ b‡i›`ªwK‡kvi‡K Gu‡`i cv‡k `uvov‡Z †`Lv hvq bv| 1930 mv‡j b‡i›`ªwK‡kv‡ii g„Zz¨ nq gmyqv‡ZB| Zuvi eo †Q‡j ax‡i›`ªwK‡kvi Rwg`vwi †`Lv‡kvbv Ki‡Zb, wZwbI AvKw¤§Kfv‡e gviv hvb †mB eQi| Zuvi Ab¨vb¨ cyÎ Kg©m~‡Î KjKvZv ev ReŸjcy‡i evm Ki‡Zb, ZvB gmyqvi m‡½ m¤úK© µ‡g ¶xY n‡q G‡jv, hw`I nwiwK‡kv‡ii eskai‡`i †KD †KD †ek K‡qKevi hvZvqvZ K‡i‡Qb gmyqvq| Z‡e D‡c›`ªwK‡kvimyKzgv‡ii eskai‡`i m‡½ gmyqvi m¤úK© †mB †kl| Z‡e hvZvqvZ eÜ n‡jB Kx gvZ…f~wgi m‡½ m¤úK© Pz‡K hvq? D‡c›`ªwK‡kvi ej‡Zb, gqgbwmsn gv‡bB My men sing Ñ †m-msMx‡Zi aviv Kx Zuv‡`i g‡bi g‡a¨ Xy‡K hvqwb? cyY¨jZv wj‡L‡Qb, Ôeo n‡q Avi †`‡k hvB wb| cÂvk eQ‡i Zvi bv Rvwb KZ cwieZ©b n‡q‡Q| †mB b`x-wej-gvV, meyR avb‡¶Z, cvU‡¶Z, Nb Avg-KuvVv‡ji evMvb, †mme nq‡Zv †ZgbB Av‡Q, wKš‘ †m VvKzigv-wcmxgvÕiv †Zv Avi †bB| †mB me `v`v-w`w`ivI me †K †Kv_vq Qwo‡q c‡o‡Q, †mB me Nievwo GLbI Av‡Q wK bv †K Rv‡b!Õ wn‡Z›`ªwK‡kvi Av‡iv Av‡¶‡ci my‡i wj‡L‡Qb, ÔAvðh©! †hUv wÎk eQi Av‡MI wQj GKUv g¯—eo Rwg`vi evwo, evB‡i †fZ‡i †jvKRb MgMg Ki‡Zv, †jvKgy‡L ïb‡Z cvB GLb bvwK †mLv‡b KZ¸‡jv `vjv‡bi aŸsmve‡kl c‡o Av‡Q Ñ w`‡bi †ejv‡ZI bvwK †mLv‡b mvc †`Lv hvq| Avi weivU weivU evs‡jvi gZ Ni¸wj?

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e‡b‡Niv, eo-eo cyKziIqvjv GKUv MÖv‡gi K_v g‡b c‡o| †kl ch©š— †mLv‡b hvIqv nq wb| Z‡e evev-gv Avi R¨vVv‡`i Kv‡Q Avi eo wcwmgvi Av‡iK bvwZ A‡kv‡Ki Kv‡Q GZ Mí ï‡bwQ †h AvR Aewa wek¦vm Kiv KwVb †h †mLv‡b KL‡bv hvBwb|Õ GB cÖkœUv evj¨Kvj †_‡K GB †jLK‡K Zvov K‡i †ewo‡q‡Q †h, 1920 mv‡j Kvjxbv‡_i ¯¿x RqZviv †`exi g„Zz¨ Avi IB eQ‡ii †k‡l myKzgv‡ii Kvjvš—K gqgbwms‡n Rwg`vwi cwi`k©‡bi ci ¯^vaxbZv I †`kfvM ch©š— Kvjxbv‡_i eskaiiv †KD, KL‡bv gmyqv‡Z cv iv‡Lbwb †Kb? we‡kl K‡i Avgvi evev hLb XvKv‡ZB †÷U GwMÖKvjPvi dv‡g© KvR Ki‡Zb? nq‡Zv eªvþag© MÖnY ev gmyqvi m¤úwË wefvRb wb‡q †Kv‡bv gbvš—i Gi †cQ‡b _vK‡ZI cv‡i, wKš‘ G-e¨vcv‡i wVK wKQy Rvbv †bB| 1999 mv‡ji gvP© gv‡m miKvwi Kv‡R XvKv †h‡Z n‡qwQj GK wkí-evwYR¨ cÖwZwbwa`‡ji m‡½, ZLbB my‡hvM †c‡q †Mjvg| Kvgvj mv‡ne bv‡g GK wkícwZi mnvqZvq cvwo †`Iqv †Mj gmyqv, wZwb Avevi cvk¦©eZx© ewa©òz MÖvg evwRZcy‡ii (†mLv‡b b‡i›`ªwK‡kv‡ii gvgvevwo wQj) Rwg`vi es‡ki mš—vb| XvKv †_‡K biwms`x n‡q wK‡kviM‡Äi iv¯—v a‡i †`o NÈv‡ZB †cuŠQv‡bv †Mj gmyqv| ivqevwo Avmvi Av‡MB weivU w`wNi cvk w`‡q euvav‡bv iv¯—v Ñ `yav‡i †`e`vi“ Mv‡Qi mvwi| †m-w`wN g‡b Kivj Kvjxbv_ iv‡qi KvKv †fvjvbv‡_i †jLv KweZv : M½vai iv‡qi cy®‹wiYx, PZzw`©‡K W¼v ïwb| †kIov cvZvi eY© Rj †e‡½ K‡i Ujgj| RuvZ¨v WyevB‡j jyWv, cvwb bv D‡W GK dzWv, cv_i †QwQqv hvq my‡Z| wZb Av½yj¨v GKLvb NvU DV‡Z gvM© dvUvdvUv `xwN w`QyBb weòzivg iv‡qi cy‡Z \ G w`wN weòziv‡gi †cŠÎ M½va‡ii KvUv‡bv, Abygvb Kwi c‡i w`wNwUi ms¯‹vi n‡qwQj| KviY Avwg †ek UjU‡j Rj †`‡LwQjvg| wKš‘ evwo? g~j evwoi wKQyB †bB, †Kej wfZUzKzi wPý †_‡K wn‡Z›`ªwK‡kv‡ii bKkv †ek wgwj‡q †bIqv †Mj| evwoi wf‡Zi KvQvKvwQ `y‡Uv †jvnvi LyuUv gvwUi Mfx‡i Muv_v Ñ †evSv †Mj hvÎvg½j Avi KzmygKwji wPý! mvg‡bi fvOv PÊxgÊc I `vjvb R½‡j †Q‡q Av‡Q| †Kej KvQvwievwoUv A¶Z, GLb miKv‡ii f~wg ivR¯^ wefv‡Mi Kv‡R jvM‡Q| wb‡g‡l MÖv‡gi gvbylRb Avgv‡`i wN‡i aij, mevi gy‡L Avevn‡bi evZ©v, GKUv †QvULv‡Uv e³„ZvI w`‡Z n‡jv, ïbjvg Guiv wbqwgZ mZ¨wRr iv‡qi Rb¥w`b D`&hvcb K‡ib| mevi gy‡L evievi ÔG †Zv Avcbv‡`i †`kÕ ï‡b Av`ª©wP‡Ë wd‡i Gjvg G-aviYv wb‡q †h, Avgv‡`i †`k nvwi‡q hvqwb| Avevi 2012 mv‡ji †g gv‡m miKvwi Kv‡R XvKv wM‡qwQjvg| Gevi Avgvi ¯¿x‡K m‡½ wb‡q cvwo Rgvjvg gmyqvq| ˆfieevRvi †_‡K KvwUqvw` n‡q †mB iv¯—v, `yav‡i KuvVv‡ji MvQ d‡j fwZ©, †mB cyi‡bv eªþcyÎ b` w`‡q wZiwZi K‡i Rj eB‡Q| wKš‘ KvQvKvwQ G‡m †`Ljvg KvQvwievwo †Zgwb Av‡Q, PÊxgÊcUv eU-Ak¦‡Ìi fv‡i by¨â, Avi evwK meUvB cÖvq fvM-ev‡Uvqviv K‡i `Lj n‡q †M‡Q, evwo D‡V‡Q,

me KuvUvZv‡ii †eov w`‡q †Niv, gvq w`wNi g‡a¨I KuvUvZvi| wfUvi wfZ, nvwZ euvavi LyuUv wKQyB Avi †bB| G †hb Yarrow Revisited-Gi hš¿Yv| mvg‡b †`Ljvg bZzb †`vZjv evwo D‡V‡Q, ïbjvg D‡c›`ªwK‡kvi-myKzgvi-mZ¨wR‡Zi ¯§„wZ‡Z ch©Ub‡K›`ª M‡o DV‡Q| †Pv‡L Rj G‡jv, hw` ¯§„wZweRwoZ PÊxgÊcUv a‡mB c‡o (hv Awbevh© e‡j g‡b n‡jv), Z‡e ch©Ub‡K‡›`ª gvbyl †Kb Avm‡e? welqwU MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii ch©Ub I ms¯‹…wZ gš¿‡Ki bR‡i Avwb| MZ (2013 mv‡ji) 11 A‡±vei †WUjvB‡b Avb›`evRvi cwÎKvq XvKv †_‡K KzÏym Avd«v‡`i †jLvq †`wL GB ch©Ub‡K‡›`ªi Lei, cwo dvUK, PÊxgÊc Avi `vjvb ms¯‹v‡ii KvR Pj‡Q| IB Le‡iB †`wL ÔnwiwK‡kvi iv‡qi DËi-cyi“l‡`i cÖvq 64 weNv Rwg miKvwi †ndvR‡Z _vKvi K_v| Awf‡hvM D‡V‡Q, cÖK…Zc‡¶ †mB Rwgi 9 weNviI Kg Ask miKvwi `L‡j Av‡Q| evwK As‡ki cy‡ivUvB †e`Lj n‡q wM‡q‡Q| G wb‡q K‡qKwU †gvKÏgvI Pj‡Q|Õ Z‡e mZ¨wRr iv‡qi bv‡g ch©Ub‡K›`ª M‡o †Zvjvq we‡kl †KD AvcwË K‡iwb e‡j Rvbv hvq| Z‡e me wKQy †Zv dzwi‡q hvqwb, nvwi‡q hvqwb †`kI| Rwg`vi †gvKÏgv `xN©m~Îx n‡jI PÊxgÊc, `vjvb Avi dvU‡Ki ms¯‹vi m¤úbœ n‡j evwoUvi GKUv Av`j aiv co‡e| Avi evsjv‡`k miKvi PvB‡j cwðge½ miKvi, ivq †mvmvBwU ev ivq cwiev‡ii m`m¨iv eB, bw_cÎ, Qwe w`‡q ch©Ub‡K›`ªwU mvwR‡q Zzj‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z cv‡ib| Z‡e GKKfv‡e mZ¨wR‡Zi bvgvw¼Z bq, †K›`ªwU D‡c›`ªwK‡kvi-myKzgvi-mZ¨wR‡Zi bvgvw¼Z nIqv DwPZ e‡j g‡b Kwi| welqwU Kvwj I Kjg cwÎKvi gva¨‡g evsjv‡`‡ki ms¯‹…wZgb¯‹ RbM‡Yi bR‡i Avbv n‡jv|

MÖš’m~Î 1.

Ab¨ Abb¨ jxjv gRyg`vi, m¤úv`bv cÖmv`iÄb ivq, Abyózc, 2011| 2. D‡c›`ªwK‡kvi, jxjv gRyg`vi, wbDw¯ŒÞ, 1963| 3. D‡c›`ªwK‡kvi ivq‡PŠayix Ñ †ngš— Kzgvi AvX¨, mvwnZ¨ AKv‡`wg, 1977| 4. Bengal Atlas, James Renell, 1781 (B›Uvi‡bU‡hv‡M)| 5. gqgbwms‡ni BwZnvm, m¤úv`bv Kgj †PŠayix, †`R cvewjwks, 2005; MÖ‡š’ Aš—fy©³ Ôgqgbwms‡ni weeiYÕ, †K`vibv_ gRyg`vi (1904) Ges Ôgqgbwms‡ni BwZnvmÕ, †K`vibv_ gRyg`vi (1906)| 6. History of the Brahmo Samaj, Sivanath Shastri, Sadharan Brahmo Samaj, 1912.

7. Rxeb¯§„wZ, MMbP›`ª †nvg, 1929| 8. KvwiMwi Kíbv I evOvwj D‡`¨vM, wm×v_© †Nvl, †`R cvewjwks, 1988; `ªóe¨ D‡c›`ªwK‡kvi ivq, c„ 57-167| 9. †Q‡j‡ejvi w`b¸wj, cyY¨jZv PµeZx©, wbD w¯ŒÞ, 1958| 10. D‡c›`ªwK‡kvi I gmyqv ivq cwiev‡ii Mímí, wn‡Z›`ªwK‡kvi ivq‡PŠayix, dvg©v †KGjGg, 1983| 11. D‡c›`ªwK‡kvi msL¨v, †KviK mvwnZ¨ cwÎKv, eB‡gjv, 2005| 12. ivqevwoi †jLv, m¤úv`bv A‡kvK Kzgvi wgÎ, iƒcv cÖKvkbx, 2004; `ªóe¨ gmyqvi ivqevwo, cªmv`iÄb ivq, c„ 348-352| 

15

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Ave`yj nK : mvwnZ¨-mvwnwZ¨K `k©b iweDj †nv‡mb

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Ovwji mvgvwRK BwZnv‡m Ave`yj nK (1918-97) kÖ×vi m‡½ ¯§iYxq|1 gbbkxj cÖvewÜK wn‡m‡e wZwb AwaK cwiwPZ n‡jI mvwn‡Z¨i mKj kvLvq Zuvi c`PviYv cÖksmv‡hvM¨| fvlv-mvwnZ¨-ms¯‹…wZ, mgvR, ivRbxwZ, BwZnvm, wk¶v, ag©-`k©b cÖf…wZ A_©vr RxebvPi‡Yi mKj welq Zuvi gbbkxj iPbvi welqe¯‘ n‡q‡Q| Dch©y³ welqmg~n m¤^‡Ü wb‡Ri `„wófw½ Dc¯’vc‡b wZwb †Kv‡bv c~e©wba©vwiZ gZev`cš’x nbwb| eis wb‡RB wb‡Ri gZev‡`i cÖPviK n‡q‡Qb| Zuvi cÖPvwiZ gZev` mK‡ji Kv‡Q ÔevOvwj RvZxqZvev`Õ wn‡m‡e cwiwPwZ †c‡q‡Q| G gZev`-PP©v eZ©gvb ms¶zä Av_©-mvgvwRK-ivR‰bwZK cwiw¯’wZ we‡ePbvq AZ¨š— cÖvmw½K g‡b nq| Ave`yj n‡Ki wPš—v-PP©vi †¶Îmg~n †_‡K eZ©gvb Av‡jvPbvq Avgiv ÔmvwnZ¨-mvwnwZ¨K `k©bÕ wk‡ivbv‡g †jLK †_‡K cÖPviK n‡q-IVv Ave`yj n‡Ki GKwU we‡kl w`‡Ki cwiPq †`Iqvi cÖqvm cv‡ev| evOvwj gymjgv‡bi RvMi‡Yi Kvj †_‡K †hme †jLK-mvwnwZ¨K wbR mgvRfy³ Rb‡Mvôxi gyw³i j‡¶¨ †jLbx a‡iwQ‡jb Ñ Zuv‡`i Kg© I `k©b fwel¨r-cvV‡Ki Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q †`Iqvi cÖ‡Póv wn‡m‡e ÔAve`yj nK : mvwnZ¨-mvwnwZ¨K `k©bÕ wk‡ivbv‡g eZ©gvb Av‡jvPbvi cÖqvm| iPbvwU‡K AvcvZc‡¶ Ave`yj n‡Ki `„wó‡Z wek kZ‡Ki evOvwj gymjgvb †jLK‡`i fvlv-mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZ‡Z Ae`vb g~j¨vq‡bi cÖqvm g‡b n‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ Av‡jvPbv †_‡K Avgiv evOvwj wn›`yi Zzjbvq evOvwj gymjgv‡bi cðvrc`Zvi KviY mÜv‡bi g‡Zv ¸i“Z¡c~Y© wel‡qi †hgb DËi cvB, †Zgwb mgvR-ivRbxwZ-ag©`k©b I fvlv-mvwnZ¨-ms¯‹…wZ cÖf…wZ wel‡q Ave`yj n‡Ki g‡bvfve I Avgv‡`i KiYxq m¤ú‡K© w`Kwb‡`©kbv cv‡ev, hv evOvwji mg„× MwZc_ ˆZwi Ki‡Z f~wgKv ivL‡e| Ave`yj nK ivRbxwZwe` ev mgvRKgx© wQ‡jb bv| G-Kvi‡Y mgvR

17

m¤ú‡K© cÖ`Ë Zuvi gZvgZ cÖe‡Üi AvKv‡i mvwnZ¨ n‡q D‡V‡Q| d‡j Zuvi iPbvq Awbevh©fv‡e Dcw¯’Z n‡q‡Q mgvR I mgv‡Ri m‡½ mswk­ó Abyl½mg~n| G-cÖm‡½ Av‡jvPbvq wZwb evOvwj gymjgvb mgv‡Ri cðvrc`Zvi KviY I wn›`y-gymjgvb we‡iv‡ai Aš—wb©wnZ cÖK…wZ‡K GKm~‡Î MÖw_Z K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi AwfgZ, †h-Kvi‡Y evOvwj gymjgvb Zvi cÖwZ‡ekx wn›`yi Zzjbvq cðv`Mvgx †mB GKB Kvi‡Y Ávb-PP©v †_‡K wcwQ‡q c‡o Zviv wn›`ywe‡Ølx| evOvwj wn›`y †hgb cÖwZ‡ekx gymjgvb‡K bv †R‡b gymjgvbwe‡ivax Ñ Abyiƒcfv‡e evOvwj gymjgvb Áv‡bi ¯^íZvi Kvi‡Y cÖwZ‡ekxi ü`‡q cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z bv †c‡i ewÂZ| Gfv‡eB wk¶v-mvwnZ¨-ivRbxwZ-A_©bxwZ cÖf…wZ †¶‡Î ˆel‡g¨i cwiYwZ n‡q‡Q mv¤cÖ`vwqKZv| Aek¨ Ave`yj n‡Ki Av‡M A‡b‡KB evOvwj gymjgv‡bi mswk­ó mgm¨vmg~n Zz‡j aivi †Póv K‡i‡Qb| Z‡e Ave`yj n‡Ki wPš—vi †gŠwjKZ¡ n‡jv, wZwb Av‡iv AMÖmi n‡q mgm¨v mgvav‡bi c_ wb‡`©k K‡i w`‡q‡Qb| fwel¨r evOvwji R‡b¨ Ave`yj nK-PP©v ZvB Awbevh© n‡q D‡V‡Q| Dwbk kZ‡K evOvwj wn›`yi g‡a¨ †h-RvMi‡Yi m~Pbv n‡qwQj Zv c~Y©Zv cvq wek kZ‡K evOvwj gymjgvb mgv‡Ri ga¨Kvi RvMi‡Yi d‡j| Ave`yj n‡Ki mËvq G-Dcjwä wµqvkxj _vKvq †hme evOvwj gymjgv‡bi g‡a¨ †i‡bmuv‡mi ˆewkó¨ wµqvkxj wQj Zuv‡`i AwaKvs‡ki m¤ú‡K© wZwb wKQz bv wKQz wj‡L‡Qb|2 Zuv‡`i †PZbv‡jvK‡K D‡b¥vPb I we‡k­lY K‡i‡Qb| Gu‡`i m¤ú‡K© Zuvi †jLbx avi‡Yi Av‡iv KviY Ñ wZwb gymjgvb mgv‡R R‡b¥wQ‡jb| G-Kvi‡Y ¯^-mgv‡Ri `ye©jZv¸‡jv Zuv‡K fvweZ Ki‡Zv| GiKg fvebvi cÖK…Z iƒc wZwb LuyR‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb c~e©m~wi‡`i m„wóK‡g©i g‡a¨| †mR‡b¨ wb‡Ri `k©b cÖKvk Kivi †¶Î wn‡m‡e wZwb †e‡Q wb‡qwQ‡jb ¯^-mgv‡Ri c~e©eZx©‡`i m„wóK‡g©i e¨vL¨v‡K|3 hvi †fZi w`‡q cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q evsjv fvlvfvlx gymjgvb‡`i evOvwj‡Z¡i cÖK…Z ¯^iƒc|4 eZ©gvb iPbvwU‡K wZb fv‡M wef³ K‡i Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡e| Ave`yj nK †PZbvq Ôgym wjg mvwnZ¨-mgv‡RiÕ DËi-mvaK nIqvq cÖ_gvs‡k mvwnZ¨-mgvR m¤ú‡K© Zuvi `„wófw½i g~j¨vqb Kiv n‡e| wØZxqvs‡k gymjgvb mgvRfy³ Ges mgvR Øviv AbycÖvwYZ e¨w³‡`i Ae`vb g~j¨vq‡b Zuvi wPš—vi ¯^vZš¿¨ †`Lv‡bvi †Póv _vK‡e| Ges †klvs‡k †mme †jLK m¤ú‡K© Ave`yj n‡Ki g~j¨vqb ¯’vb cv‡e, huviv evOvwj gymjgvb‡K ms¯‹…wZPP©v q AbycÖvwYZ K‡iwQ‡jb| evOvwj gymjgvb‡K ag©vÜ Rb‡Mvôx †_‡K evOvwj n‡Z f~wgKv †i‡LwQ‡jb|

GK Avgiv Rvwb, 1926 mv‡ji Rvbyqvwi gv‡m XvKvq Ôgymwjg mvwnZ¨-mgvRÕ MwVZ nq| h~_e× cÖ‡Póv Pvwj‡q evOvwj gymjgvb mgvR‡K gyw³-c‡_i mÜvb †`evi cÖ_g mv_©K cÖqvm ÔmvwnZ¨-mgvRÕ cÖwZôv|5 KvRx Ave`yj I`y` (1894-1970) Ges Aveyj û‡mb (1896-1938) wQ‡jb mvwnZ¨-mgv‡Ri mªóv I cwiPvjK| mgv‡Ri gyLcÎ wkLvi (1927) wPš—vi cÖavb †cÖiYv AvmZ Gu‡`i KvQ †_‡K| Aek¨ Gu‡`i m‡½ KvRx †gvZvnvi †nv‡mb (1897-1981), †gvZv‡ni †nv‡mb †PŠayix (1903-56), gyn¤§` knx`yj­vn (1885-1969), Ave`yj Kvw`i (1906-84), KvRx bRi“j Bmjvg (1899-1976) cÖgyL mgv‡Ri msMVb I cwiPvj‡b ¸i“Z¡c~Y© f~wgKv †i‡LwQ‡jb| wkLvi m‡½ mswk­ó‡`i †m-mg‡q ÔwkLv‡MvôxÕ wn‡m‡e wPwýZ Kiv n‡Zv| evOvwj gymjgvb mgv‡Ri mvwe©K AbMÖmiZv †_‡K gyw³ †`IqvB wQ‡jv G-†Mvôxi j¶¨|

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Ave`yj nK †PZbvq wkLv‡Mvôxi `k©b aviY Ki‡Zb| mgv‡jvPK‡`i A‡b‡K GR‡b¨ Zuv‡K ÔwkLv‡MvôxÕi †hvM¨ DËi-mvaK fve‡Zb| wZwb wb‡RI Zuvi K‡g© Gm‡ei cÖgvY †i‡L‡Qb| mvwnZ¨-mgv‡Ri m‡½ mswk­ó‡`i m„wóRM‡Zi g~j¨vq‡b ¸i“Z¡c~Y© Ae`vb †i‡L‡Qb| GKB m‡½ wZwb ÔmvwnZ¨-mgvRÕ I Gi m‡½ mswk­ó e¨w³e‡M©i mxgve×Zv¸‡jv wePvi Ki‡ZI KzwÉZ nbwb| ÔwkLvi mÜv‡bÕ kxl©K cÖe‡Ü mvwnZ¨-mgv‡Ri Ae`vb m¤ú‡K© wZwb wj‡L‡Qb Ñ eyw×i gyw³ wQj GB mvwnZ¨ ms¯’vi g~jgš¿| AvaywbK RM‡Zi wPš—vavivi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z Ges hyw³ev‡`i Av‡jv‡K evOvjx gymwjg mgv‡Ri ZrKvjxb mgvR-wPš—v, ag©wPš—v I g~j¨‡eva¸‡jvi wePvi KivB wQj mvwnZ¨-mgv‡Ri j¶¨| evsjv fvlv I mvwnZ¨ m¤^‡ÜI Ges gymjgvb‡`i mvwnZ¨-mgm¨v m¤^‡ÜI Zuv‡`i e³e¨ wQj; wKš‘ j¶ Kivi welq, cÖwZôvbMZfv‡e m„wóagx© mvwnZ¨ gymwjg mvwnZ¨-mgv‡Ri j¶¨xf~Z nqwb|6 Dch©y³ DׄwZwU‡Z Ave`yj nK mvwnZ¨-mgv‡Ri Ae`vb cÖksmv Ki‡jI ÔKvRx †gvZvnvi †nv‡mbÕ kxl©K Aci cÖe‡Ü wZwb wkLv‡Mvôxi mxgve×Zv wPwýZ K‡i e‡j‡Qb Ñ GB Av‡›`vj‡bi g‡a¨ mve©RbxbZvi Dcv`vb †h wQj bv Zv bq, Z‡e GUv wQj we‡klfv‡e evOvwj gymwjg mgv‡Ri eyw×i gyw³i Rb¨B| Ab¨ †`‡ki gymwjg mgv‡Ri †¶‡Î Zuv‡`i hyw³ we‡kl Lv‡U bv| GB eyw×i gyw³ hZUv bv e„nËi mgv‡Ri Rb¨ Zvi †P‡q †ewk wQj e¨w³i Rb¨, Aš—Z BwZnvm ZvB cÖgvwYZ K‡i‡Q| mvwnZ¨-mgvR eQi `‡kK wU‡K wQj, Zvici H cÖwZôv‡bi m`m¨iv wewfbœ ¯’v‡b Qwo‡q c‡ob, GUv GK wnmv‡e fv‡jvB n‡qwQj| †Kbbv, cÖwZôvb wnmv‡e Zuv‡`i Kivi Avi we‡kl wKQz wQj bv, ...|7 Ave`yj n‡Ki g‡Z, wkLv‡Mvôxi †jLKiv †i‡bmuv‡mi aviK wQ‡jb| mvwnZ¨-mgvR †h HwZnvwmK gyn~‡Z© MwVZ n‡qwQj Ñ †m-mg‡q GwUB wQj ¯^vfvweK| †Kbbv G-mgq ewnwe©‡k¦ Ges fviZe‡l©i wKQz NUbv Ñ i“M&Y Zzi‡¯‹i ga¨hyMxq †Lvjm Z¨vM, †Ljvd‡Zi Aemvb, ag©wbi‡c¶ bexb ZzwK© iv‡óªi cÖwZôv, AvdMvwb¯—v‡bi ev`kvn Avgvbyj­vi mgvR-ms¯‹vi cÖ‡Póvmn mviv gymwjgwe‡k¦ beRvMi‡Yi RqMvb †kvbv hvw”Qj| evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ bRi“j, Bg`v`yj nK I †iv‡Kqvi Avwef©ve; Dwbk I wek kZ‡K wn›`y-beRvMiY cÖf…wZ NUbvi ¯^vfvweK cwiYwZ Ôgymwjg mvwnZ¨-mgvRÕ| Gme NUbvi m‡½ cwiwPZ Ave`yj nK g‡b K‡ib, mvwnZ¨-mgv‡Ri m‡½ huviv RwoZ wQ‡jb Zuviv mevB wQ‡jb m‡PZb g‡bi AwaKvix| Gu‡`i g~j¨vq‡b cÖvewÜK †j‡Lb Ñ Zuv‡`i `„wó wQj †i‡bmuvi `„wó, wPš—vi MZvbyMwZKZv †_‡K Ges AÜ AbyewZ©Zv †_‡K Zuviv evOvjx gymwjg mgvR‡K gy³ Ki‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb; Zv‡K `uvo Kiv‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb m¼xY©Z vgy³ my¯ ’-D`vi wek¦gvbeZvi AvKvkZ‡j, †hLv‡b evOvjx gymjgvb wek¦Rbxb wPš—vi Askx`vi, Ges AvaywbK RM‡Zi cÖvMÖmi mgvR I RvwZmg~‡ni mgch©v‡q m„wóPÂj|8 mvwnZ¨-mgv‡Ri Abymvixiv eyw×i gyw³i K_v e‡jwQ‡jb Ges hyw³ev‡`i Av‡jv‡K ZrKvjxb gymjgvb mgv‡Ri wPš—v I g~j¨‡eva¸‡jv‡K bZzb K‡i †`L‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb| wKš‘ mgv‡Ri Zvrch© ZLbKvi gymjgvb mgvR cy‡ivcywi MÖnY K‡iwb| †Kbbv Avgiv Rvwb, bZzb wPš—vi Avfvm †c‡j i¶Ykxjiv wPiKvjB kw¼Z nb Ñ †mw`bI n‡qwQ‡jb|

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Ask evOvwj| Z‡e fviZxq‡Z¡i mwµqZv †ewk| fviZxq RvZxqZvev`x †PZbvi cÖKvk Zuvi m„wóm¤¢v‡ii me©Î| wKš‘ evOvwj RvZxqZvi †PZbv Aí n‡jI cÖKvk Aåvš—| G-welqwU g~j¨vq‡b Ave`yj nK wbivm³ †_‡K‡Qb Ñ †Kv‡bv gZev`cš’x nbwb| KvRx bRi“j Bmjvg †`kevmx‡K Av_©bxwZK I ivRbxwZK †kvlY †_‡K gyw³i evZ©v ïwb‡q‡Qb| †kvlK‡`i PwiÎ †h mKj Kv‡j GKB iKg _v‡K Ñ G-mZ¨wU AKzÉwP‡Ë cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi RvMi‡Yi evZ©v ALÊ fvi‡Zi R‡b¨ n‡jI evOvwj‡K wZwb `~‡Zi f~wgKvq †`L‡Z †P‡q‡Qb| bRi“‡ji e³e¨ welq‡K ¯úó Kivi cÖqv‡m Ave`yj nK Zuvi †hme KweZv, Mvb I M`¨ e¨envi K‡i‡Qb Zv †_‡K Ôh¶ i¶ivÕ KweZvi ¸i“Z¡c~Y© AskwU GLv‡b Zz‡j aiv n‡jv Ñ mvwo-†gvov †hb Avb›`-kÖx †`‡Lv evOjvi bvix †`L wb GL‡bv, IuivB n‡eb Awm-jZv Zievwi|13 Ave`yj nK ÔbRi“j Bmjvg I evOvjx RvZxqZvev`Õ kxl©K cÖe‡Ü KweZvwUi we‡k­lY K‡i‡Qb Gfv‡e Ñ GB KweZvq wZwb we‡klfv‡e evOvjx‡`i Kvw•¶Z mk¯¿ wec­‡ei wPÎ Gu‡K‡Qb we‡`kx †kvl‡Yi wei“‡×| Zuvi GB AvKv•¶v m‡PZb AvKv•¶v|... ïay †kvl‡Yi Aemvb bq, mve©‡fŠg e½‡`k cÖwZôv| (c„ 43) 1349 m‡bi 3 ˆekvL behy‡Mi m¤úv`Kxq‡Z bRi“j †j‡Lb Ñ Ôevsjv evOvjxi †nvK| evsjvi Rq †nvK| evOvjxi Rq †nvK|Õ14 Ave`yj nK e³e¨wUi wePvi K‡i‡Qb Gfv‡e Ñ ÔGLv‡b evOvjx RvZxqZvev‡`i c~Y© cÖKvk N‡U‡Q|... cÖ_g Rxe‡b wZwb fviZxq RvZxqZvev`x, wKš‘ KweRxe‡bi G‡Kev‡i †kl ch©v‡q mve©‡fŠg evsjvi ¯^cœ †`L‡Z ïi“ K‡iwQ‡jb|Õ15 e¯‘Z Zuvi AvMg‡b evOvwj gymjgvb fvlv I mvwnZ¨ m¤ú‡K© wØav-mskq KvwU‡q DV‡Z mg_© n‡q‡Q| evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ evOvwj gymjgvb AvZ¥wek¦vm cÖwZôv K‡i‡Q| bRi“j‡K Av‡jvPbvi welqe¯‘ Kivi †¶‡Î Ave`yj n‡Ki mv_©KZv GLv‡bB| wKš‘ evsjv‡`k-c‡e© Avevi bRi“j‡K mv¤úª`vwqK `„wó‡KvY †_‡K †`Lvi cÖ‡Póv n‡j Zvi we‡ivwaZv K‡i wZwb Ôdz‡ji RjmvqÕ kxl©K cÖe‡Ü `ytL K‡i †j‡Lb Ñ Zuvi g„Zz¨-Dcj‡¶ †iwWI‡Z-†Uwjwfk‡b †hme Abyôvb cÖPvwiZ n‡jv Zv‡Z g‡b nq wZwb Bmjv‡gi Kwe Qvov Avi wKQzB wQ‡jb bv| Ggb UzK‡iv UzK‡iv K‡i Zuv‡K Rbmgv‡R cwi‡ekb Kiv n‡e Av‡iv A‡bK w`b, g‡b nq|16 ÔbRi“‡ji mgvR-wPš—vÕ kxl©K Aci cÖe‡Ü Ave`yj nK Kwei ms¯‹vigy³ mgvR-wPš—vi ¯^iƒc Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb| AvPvi-me©¯^, Avo¤^ic~Y© gymjgvb mgv‡Ri RvMiY-cÖ‡Póv cÖeÜwUi welqe¯‘ n‡q‡Q| ÔbRi“‡ji Mí I Dcb¨vmÕ17 I ÔbRi“‡ji bvUKÕ18 kxl©K iPbv `ywU‡ZI wZwb bRi“‡ji m„Rbkxj iPbv g~j¨vq‡b D`vi I wbi‡c¶ _vK‡Z †c‡i‡Qb| 2.2 fveev‡`i mgv‡jvPK, gy³eyw×i cÖPviK, hyw³ev`x cÖvewÜK Ave`yj I`y` evOvwj gymjgv‡bi wPš—vi RoZv †_‡K gyw³ †`Iqvi †PóvKvix cÖavbZg wPš—vbvqK| Ôgymwjg mvwnZ¨-mgv‡RÕi cy‡ivav e¨w³ I`y` wQ‡jb RvZ cÖvewÜK| GQvov KweZv, Dcb¨vm, Mí Ges Abyev‡` wZwb f~wgKv †i‡L‡Qb| wkl¨Zzj¨ Ave`yj nK I`y` cÖwZfvi g~j¨vq‡b GKvwaK cÖeÜ iPbv K‡i‡Qb| gymjgvb mgv‡Ri cðvrc`Zvi KviY,

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20

gymwjg mgv‡Ri cðv`c`Zvi KviY Bmjvgx wewaweavb A_ev i¶Ykxj †gvj­v mgvR bq, AbyK~j A_©‰bwZKmvs¯‹…wZK cwi‡e‡ki Afve| Avevi A_©‰bwZK mvs¯‹…wZK cwi‡ek ivRbxwZi m‡½ m¤úwK©Z| Ab¨ †`‡ki K_v ev` w`‡q evsjv‡`‡ki w`‡K ZvKv‡jI †evSv hvq| †miƒc AbyK‚j cwi‡ek m„wó n‡j Kv‡iv Aby‡gv`‡bi Rb¨ A‡c¶v bv K‡iB gymwjg mgv‡Ri RxebhvÎv Ges wPš—v I ms¯‹…wZPP©v kv¯¿ev`x wewawb‡la‡K cvk †K‡U †h‡Z cv‡i, †hgb cvwK¯—vb Avg‡jB wM‡qwQj|23 Ave`yj nK I`y‡`i wPš—v-PP©vi wbiew”Qbœ mg_©K wQ‡jb bv| I`y‡`i `k©‡ b A¯úóZv `„ó n‡j wZwb Zuvi MVbg~jK mgv‡jvPbvq gyLi n‡q‡Qb| I`y` hLb e‡jb, ÔZvB ag© hv Rxe‡bi weKv‡ki mnvqK Avi ZvB Aag© hv †Zgb mvnvh¨ K‡i bv|Õ ZLb Ave`yj nK I`y` cÖ`Ë g‡Zi we‡ivwaZv K‡i †j‡Lb, I`y` a‡g©i AvbyôvwbKZvi cÖwZ j¶ †i‡L agx©q ¯^vaxbZvi K_v e‡j‡Qb| I`y` hv e‡j‡Qb, Zv cÖK…Z ag©‡K Abyaveb bv K‡i †Kej AvPviwbô gymjgvb‡`i ch©‡e¶Y K‡i| AvPviwbôiv msL¨vq memgq †ewk| Zv‡`i ag© Bmjvg bq, †jvKvqZ Bmjvg| Ave`yj n‡Ki g‡Z, I`y‡`i mgqKvj wQj wn›`y-gymjgv‡bi we‡iv‡ai Kvj| wZwb GR‡b¨ G-a‡g©i wKQz Ask I a‡g©i wKQz Ask mwi‡q mgš^‡ qi K_v †f‡ewQ‡jb| Ges mgv‡R mv¤cÖ`vwqKZvi KviY wn‡m‡e ag©‡K `vqx K‡iwQ‡jb| Ave`yj nK I`y‡`i Gme g‡Zi we‡ivwaZv K‡i e‡jb Ñ wn›`y-gymwjg we‡iv‡ai KviY †h ivR‰bwZK Ges A_©‰bwZK ¯^v_©-msNvZ n‡Z cv‡i, Ges ag© GB we‡iv‡a GKUv cÖZxK wnmv‡e e¨eüZ n‡Z cv‡i, G-wZwb fv‡eb wb| wn›`y-gymwjg we‡iv‡ai huviv †bZ…Z¡ w`‡qwQ‡jb Zuviv A‡b‡KB AvbyôvwbK a‡g©i avi avi‡Zb bv GUv Zuvi bRi Gwo‡q wM‡qwQj| (c„ 52) wn›`y-gymjgv‡bi we‡iv‡ai KviY msµvš‘ Dch©y³ eY©bvq n‡Ki mgvR-fvebvi MfxiZv cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| Ave`yj n‡Ki g‡Z, M‡elK‡`i A‡b‡KB mv¤cÖ`vwqKZvi Drmg~‡j cÖ‡ek K‡ib bv| Zuviv Rvb‡Z Pvb bv Gi g~‡j Av‡Q ivRbxwZK-Av_©bxwZK ˆelg¨| A_P Gme Kvi‡YB Zuviv G‡K Ac‡ii cÖwZc‡¶ cwiYZ nb Ges ag©‡K cÖwZc¶ wn‡m‡e `uvo Kivb| Gfv‡e ag©-mv¤cÖ`vwqKZvi Rb¥ nq Ges ivRbxwZ I A_©bxwZ Gi †RvMvb w`‡Z _v‡K| ZvB Av_©bxwZK gyw³ Ges ivRbxwZK D`viZvB G-A‡ji gymjgv‡bi gyw³i c_ n‡Z cv‡i| mv¤cÖ`vwqK we‡iva Gov‡bvi Dcvq cÖm‡½ cÖvewÜK e‡jb Ñ ag©‡K ms‡kvab K‡i bq, ivRbxwZ †_‡K m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c wew”Qbœ Ki‡Z cvi‡j Ges wewfbœ m¤cÖ`v‡qi ivR‰bwZKA_©‰bwZK `vwei g‡a¨ mgš^q mvab Ki‡Z cvi‡j Z‡eB Giƒc †¶‡Î we‡iva Gov‡bv m¤¢e| (c„ 52) I`y` a‡g©i AvbyôvwbKZvi we‡jvc cÖZ¨vkx wQ‡jb| Zuvi ag©wPš—v cÖPwjZ ag©‡eva bq Ñ Ôag© Øviv AbycÖvwYZ AwZ-DbœZ Rxeb|Õ G †eva †_‡KB wZwb ivRbxwZ-wPš—vq a‡g©i AbycÖ‡ek NwU‡q‡Qb| Ave`yj nK welqwU‡K ÔwcQzUvbÕ wn‡m‡e wPwýZ K‡i †j‡Lb Ñ mvaviY gvbyl A‡Zv K_v bv ey‡S †kl ch©š— cÖPwjZ ag©Rxeb‡KB eyS‡e| AZGe wZwb h‡ZvB evÃbxq g‡b Ki“b, Zuvi KwíZ ivRbxwZ †kl ch©š— Zuvi AbyivMx‡`i Kv‡Q ag©ewR©Z g‡b n‡e bv, KvRx mv‡n‡ei ïf B”Qvi

GB n‡Z cv‡i cwiYwZ|24 2.3 gymwjg mvwnZ¨-mgv‡Ri Ab¨Zg msMVK Aveyj û‡mb wQ‡jb wPš—vq AwewgkÖ evOvwj, RvZxqZvq fviZxq Ges gvbm-MV‡b wek¦evmx| Kv‡ji avivq fviZ I fviZxq RvZxqZv LwÊZ n‡q‡Q wKš‘ Zuvi Ges mvwnZ¨mgv‡Ri wPš—vi AMÖmigvbZv Ges †gŠjev` we‡ivwaZv GL‡bv mwµq| c~‡e©B ejv n‡q‡Q, GKUv mgq wQj hLb evOvwj gymjgvb Rxe‡bi hv wKQz DËg Zvi R‡b¨ Avie-cvi‡m¨i w`‡K ZvwK‡q _vK‡Zv| gymwjg mvwnZ¨-mgvR we‡kl K‡i Aveyj û‡mb Zv‡`i Giƒc gvbwmKZvi wei“‡× AvNvZ K‡i mv¤cÖ`vwqK welev®ú †_‡K mgvR‡K gy³ Ki‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb| gymwjg mvwnZ¨-mgv‡Ri †hvM¨ DËim~wi Ave`yj nK Aveyj û‡m‡bi wPš—v-`k©‡bi A‡bKLvwbB MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| Aveyj û‡m‡bi Ae`vb g~j¨vq‡b wZwb AwfgZ †`b Ñ Aveyj û‡mb wQ‡jb GKRb mvnmx Ges AMÖYx wPš—vbvqK| evOvwj gymwjg mgv‡R huviv ga¨hyMxq APj wPš—vavivi mgv‡jvPbv K‡iwQ‡jb, †P‡qwQ‡jb me wPš—vi m‡½ Zuv‡`i agx©q wPš—viI cÖMwZ †nvK, †m cÖeYZv‡K Zuviv ej‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb Ôeyw×i gyw³Õ, Aveyj û‡mb wQ‡jb Zuv‡`i GKRb|25 gymwjg mgv‡R my` MÖn‡Yi kv¯¿xq wb‡lavÁvi mgv‡jvPbv K‡iwQ‡jb Aveyj û‡mb| mgKv‡j welqwU wb‡q cÖPzi mgv‡jvPbv nq| Aek¨ cieZx©Kv‡j gymjgvb mgv‡R G-wel‡q wkw_jZv cwijw¶Z nq| welqwU Ave`yj nK‡K Av‡jvwoZ K‡i| wZwb gš—e¨ K‡ib Ñ my` MÖnY Bmjvwg kv‡¯¿ wbwl× wQj †Muvov Ges Ômv”PvÕ gymjgvb‡`i K_v; cwinv‡mi K_v GB †h, H cÖeÜ cÖKv‡ki wÎk-ewÎk eQi c‡i Bmjvwg ivóª cvwK¯—v‡b my` nvjvj e‡j MY¨ n‡qwQj, e¨vswKs-e¨emvq n‡qwQj Acwinvh©| (c„ 26) fviZe‡l© wn›`y-gymjgvb Dfq mgv‡R mv¤úÖ`vwqKZvi Rb¥ nq AZxZgyLxbZvi Kvi‡Y| Aveyj û‡mb Dfq m¤cÖ`vq‡K ms¯‹vi eR©b K‡i, AZxZgyLxbZv Z¨vM K‡i †`k‡cÖ‡g DØy× n‡Z AvnŸvb K‡iwQ‡jb| †Kbbv wZwb wek¦vm Ki‡Zb, †`‡ki mvgwMÖK Kj¨vY mva‡b Gi weKí †bB| e¯‘Z fviZ Dcgnv‡`‡k Aveyj û‡m‡bi wPš—vi dj d‡j‡Q cÖvmw½Kfv‡eB| Zuvi wPš—vi AMÖmigvbZvi welqwU g~j¨vq‡b Ave`yj nK e‡jb Ñ Zuvi GB me K_v ejvi lvU eQi (cÖeÜ †jLvi mgq †_‡K) c‡i †`Lv

hv‡”Q, wkw¶Z evOvwj gymwjg mgv‡Ri GKUv weivU AskB AvR Hme agx©q AvPvi-Abyôv‡bi e¨vcv‡i MvwdjwZ Ki‡Q| Ges ¯^í wkw¶Z I Awkw¶Z mgvRI GB g‡bvfv‡ei Øviv msµwgZ n‡q‡Q| (c„ 29) Avevi mgvR cwieZ©‡bi j‡¶¨ Aveyj û‡mb †h cÖwµqvq a‡g©i AvPvi-wbôvi cwieZ©b †P‡qwQ‡jb Ave`yj nK Zvi mgv‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb| wZwb g‡b K‡ib, Aveyj û‡mb †hfv‡e Bmjv‡gi wewaweavb ms‡kvab †P‡qwQ‡jb Ñ hy‡Mi Zzjbvq Zv wQj fzj| †Kbbv Ñ AvbyôvwbKfv‡e Bmjvg‡K †Muvov mgvR †Kv‡bvµ‡gB e`jv‡Z PvB‡e bv, wKQz †jvK PvB‡jI Zvi cÖvgvY¨Zvi Sv‡gjv A‡bK, AZGZ AvbyôvwbKfv‡e e`jvevi K_v bv DwV‡q gvbweKfv‡e mgv‡Ri cÖ‡qvRbvbyhvqx hw` †Kv‡bv wewa‡K wbtk‡ã e`jv‡bv hvq Zvn‡j mgvR G m¤^‡Ü PzcPvc _vK‡e GB-B g‡b nq| Zvi cÖgvY GB evsjv‡`‡kB Av‡Q| cvwK¯—vb Avgj †_‡K AvR ch©š— A‡bK e¨vcv‡i, †hgb e¨v¼-cÖ`Ë my`, gvbe-wPÎv¼b, agx©q Abyôv‡b gvby‡ li Av‡jvKwP‡Îi e¨envi, fv¯‹h© BZ¨vw`i †¶‡Î Avi AvcwË Kiv nq bv| (c„ 30) A_©vr, ag©fvebvq Ave`yj nK Ave`yj I`y` I Aveyj û‡m‡bi ¯úó we‡ivwaZv K‡i‡Qb| 2.4 I`y` I Aveyj û‡m‡bi g‡Zv KvRx †gvZvnvi †nv‡mbI gymjgvb mgv‡Ri `y`©kvq fvweZ n‡q‡Qb| Avevi mgv‡Ri mvgvb¨ DbœwZ‡ZI k­vNv †eva K‡i‡Qb| Z‡e ag© wek¦v‡mi †ejvq Zuvi `k©b w¯’i _v‡Kwb, Avevi mv¤cÖ`vwqKI nbwb| Ôag© I mgvRÕ kxl©K cÖe‡Ü †gvZvnvi †nv‡mb e‡jb Ñ mgv‡Ri cÖ‡qvR‡bB a‡g©i D™¢e|... †Kv‡bv cÖwZfvevb e¨w³ mgv‡Ri cÖ‡qvR‡b †h-a‡g©i D™¢veb K‡ib Zv †mB mgvR †h Zr¶Yvr MÖnY K‡i Zv bq, Z‡e GKw`b MÖnY K‡i, mK‡j bv Ki‡jI nq‡Zv AwaKvsk K‡i Ges wb‡R‡`i g‡bi i‡O ivwO‡q †bq| GK-GKwU ag© gvbe-mgv‡Ri GK-GKwU Av`k©| wKš‘ †mB Av`k© GKw`b cyi‡bv n‡q hvq| ...eZ©gvb hy‡Mi mvaviY †jv‡KI Áv‡bi A‡bK wel‡q c~e©Kv‡ji gywb-Fwl, cqM¤^i, AeZvi cÖf…wZi †P‡q A‡bK DbœZ| (c„ 36)

gymwjg mvwnZ¨mgv‡Ri Ab¨Zg msMVK Aveyj û‡mb wQ‡jb wPš—vq AwewgkÖ evOvwj, RvZxqZvq fviZxq Ges gvbm-MV‡b wek¦evmx| Kv‡ji avivq fviZ I fviZxq RvZxqZv LwÊZ n‡q‡Q wKš‘ Zuvi Ges mvwnZ¨mgv‡Ri wPš—vi AMÖmigvbZv Ges †gŠjev` we‡ivwaZv GL‡bv mwµq| 21

G-wel‡q Ave`yj n‡Ki AwfgZ n‡jv, †h-Kv‡j wZwb Gme K_v e‡jwQ‡jb ZLb Zv ejv mnR wQj bv| mgvRweÁv‡bi BwZnv‡m welqwU bZzb bv n‡jI gymjgvb mgv‡R Zv wQj bZzb| wKš‘ wZwb hLb RvZxq mvwnZ¨ m„wói c‡¶ gZ †`b ZLb †m-cÖwµqvwU‡K Ave`yj nK we‡ivwaZv K‡ib| 2.5 †gvnv¤§` Iqv‡R` Avjx (1896-1954) cÖvewÜK, Mí‡jLK Ges RxebxKvi| cÖvewÜK wn‡m‡e wZwb wPi¯§iYxq| Zuvi cÖeܸ‡jv GKwU wePvicÖeY hyw³wbf©i mZK© g‡bi Awfe¨w³| wZwb wQ‡jb gy³eyw× m¤úbœ wPš—vbvqK| Zuvi gvbm-†PZbvi cwiPq cÖ`v‡b Ave`yj nK †j‡Lb Ñ RvZxq Rxe‡bi cÖvq me iKg mgm¨vi †¶‡Î Zuvi wePiY wQj| ag©, HwZn¨, ivRbxwZ, fvlv, mvwnZ¨, mgvR Ñ mewKQzB wZwb ms¯‹vigy³ `„wó‡KvY †_‡K wbix¶Y K‡i‡Qb Ges A‡bK †¶‡ÎB Ggb gZvgZ cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb hv gb‡K cÖejfv‡e bvov w`‡q hvq, wPš—v‡K DÏxß K‡i Ges †PZbv‡K cÖLiZi K‡i †Zv‡j| wZwb wQ‡jb gy³-wPš—v Ges gymwjg mgv‡R gy³ wPš—vi Ab¨Zg D`&MvZv|26 wefv‡MvËiKv‡j m„ó mvwn‡Z¨ ¯^vZš¿¨ev`x †PZbvi †Nviwe‡ivax wQ‡jb Iqv‡R` Avjx| Ôfvlv I mvwn‡Z¨i ms¯‹viÕ kxl©K cÖe‡Ü mvwnZ¨ iPbvq ¯^vZš¿¨ev‡`i bv‡g we‡`kgyLxbZvi wei“‡× wZwb cÖwZev` K‡i‡Qb| cÖeÜwU gvwmK †gvnv¤§`x cwÎKvi gvN 1359 msL¨vq cÖKvwkZ nq| fvlv I mvwn‡Z¨ wZwb ¯^v‡`wkKZvi mg_©K wQ‡jb| Zuvi †jLvi D‡Ïk¨ eY©bvq Ave`yj nK †j‡Lb Ñ AMÖm igvb wPš—v-RM‡Zi m‡½ Avgv‡`i mgv‡Ri c`‡¶c wgwj‡q w`‡Z n‡e, A_P GB mgvR KZK¸wj wbw`©ó MwÊi evB‡i c`‡¶c Ki‡Z me©`vB mksK, †Kv‡bv b~Zb `„wóf½xi K_v Mfxifv‡e wPš—v Ki‡Z Abf¨¯—|... AvaywbK gy³wPš—v hyw³ev`x‡`i g‡a¨ wZwb wQ‡jb me‡P‡q wbwe©‡iva| GKB ms‡M wZwb wQ‡jb A‡b¨i gZvg‡Zi cÖwZ c~Y© kÖ×vkxj Ges wb‡Ri gZvg‡Z AUj AwePj| (c„ 94) 2.6 W. gyn¤§` knx`yj­vn evsjv fvlv I mvwn‡Z¨i GKRb cÖw_Zhkv e¨w³Z¡| Ave`yj nK Zuvi wPš—vRM‡Zi cwiPq w`‡q‡Qb ÔwPš—vPP©vq knx`yj­vnÕ kxl©K cÖe‡Üi AeZviYv K‡i| knx`yj­vni ag©Rxeb wek¦vm I AvbyôvwbKZvi mgš^‡q cwicyó| ag©PP©v‡K wZwb mvabvi Ggb GK ch©v‡q wb‡q hvb, †hLvb †_‡K Ab¨ ag©-m¤cÖ`v‡qi Am¤§vb Am¤¢e| Zuvi mgvR I ms¯‹…wZ-†PZbv wQj cÖMwZkxjZv I i¶YkxjZvi mswgkÖ‡ Y ˆZwi| ivRbxwZ-wek¦v‡m wZwb wQ‡jb ÔBmjvwg mgvRZ‡š¿Õi AbyivMx| Aek¨ wZwb mgvRZš¿‡K AMÖvn¨ K‡ibwb, Avevi MYZš¿‡KI mg_©b K‡i‡Qb| fvlv-fvebvq wZwb GKmgq Aviwei mg_©K wQ‡jb| wKš‘ ivóªfvlv wn‡m‡e D`©yi †Nvi we‡ivwaZv K‡ib| knx`yj­vni fvlv-fvebv m¤ú‡K© Ave`yj nK e‡jb, Ôevsjv fvlvi ¯^vfvweK cÖevngvbZv‡KB wZwb evÃbxq Ávb K‡i‡Qb| wZwb wQ‡jb evsjv fvlv †cÖwgK| evsjv‡`‡ki ms¯‹…wZ PP©vq GB‡UB Zuvi me‡P‡q eo Ae`vb|Õ27 RvZxqZvev` cÖ‡ kœ knx`yj­vn D`viZvi cwiPq w`‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb| Zuvi RvZxqZvev` ˆ`wkK Ñ agx©q bq|

22

mv¤úª`vwqKZv‡K wZwb N„Yv Ki‡Zb| Ges me©`v Amv¤cÖ`vwqK RvwZ MV‡bi ¯^cœ †`L‡Zb| RvZxq Abyôvb D`&hvc‡b mKj‡K DrmvwnZ Ki‡Zb| evOvwj gymjgv‡bi bvg evsjvq ivLv mgxPxb Ávb Ki‡Zb| Z‡e Zuvi wPš—vq ¯^we‡ivwaZvI wQj| ZuviciI wZwb ¯§iY‡hvM¨; †Kbbv Ñ ÔwKse`š—x‡Z cwiYZ GKRb wewkó gbxlx KLb Kx †f‡e‡Qb †mw`K w`‡qB Zuvi Gme Awfg‡Zi g~j¨|Õ (c„ 84) 2.7 Gm Iqv‡R` Avjx (1890-1951) cÖ_g evOvwj RvZxqZvev`x ZvwË¡K| Z‡e Zuvi RvZxqZvev` cy‡ivcywi Amv¤cÖ`vwqK wQj bv| ÔevOvjx gymjgv‡bi mvwnZ¨-mvabvi c_Õ (gvwmK †gvnv¤§`x, †cŠl 1336) kxl©K cÖe‡Ü wZwb †j‡Lb, ÔAvgv‡`i ag© me‡P‡q eo, Avgv‡`i a‡g©i Dci cÖwZwôZ KvjPv‡ii fwel¨r me‡P‡q D¾¡j Ñ GB n‡e Avgv‡`i mvwnZ¨-mvabvi g~jgš¿|Õ28 Aek¨ ÔevOvjx gymjgvbÕ (mIMvZ, kÖveY 1337) kxl©K Aci cÖe‡Ü wZwb evsjv‡`‡ki AZxZ HwZn¨ wb‡q Me©‡eva K‡ib| wn›`y-gymjgv‡bi m¤cÖxwZ Kvgbv K‡ib| fwel¨‡Zi evOvjx kxl©K MÖ‡š’ wZwb fviZel©‡K KZ¸‡jv LÊ iv‡óª wef³ K‡ib Ñ †h-LÊ iv‡óªi KvVv‡gv n‡e gvbemgv‡Ri ms¯‹…wZMZ HK¨, fvlvMZ HK¨, ¯^v_©m¤^Üxq HK¨ Ges Av`k©g~jK HK¨ Ges †fŠ‡MvwjK H‡K¨i wfwˇZ| Ave`yj nK welqwU we‡ePbvq wb‡q e‡jb, Gm Iqv‡R` AvjxB cÖ_g ¯^Zš¿ evsjv‡`‡ki K_v e‡jb| †m-A‡_© wZwbB cÖ_g evOvwj RvZxqZvev`x ZvwË¡K| ivRbxwZ-fvebvq Gm Iqv‡R` Avjx ag©wbi‡c¶Zvi c~Rvwi wQ‡jb| wZwb me©`v wn›`y-gymjgvb m¤cÖxwZ I fvi‡Zi g½j Kvgbv Ki‡Zb| Zuvi wek¦vm wQj Ñ cÖK…Z wn›`y, cÖK…Z gymwjg Ges cÖK…Z wLªóv‡bi g‡a¨ we‡iva nq bv| wKš‘ Ave`yj nK welqwUi m‡½ wØgZ †cvlY K‡ib| Zuvi fvlvq Ñ GK_v wVK bq| wb‡R‡`i agx©q ¯^vZš¿¨ m¤^‡Ü Zxeªfv‡e m‡PZb e¨w³i c‡¶ Amv¤cÖ`vwqK ivRbxwZ m¤¢e bq, fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k GB n‡”Q AwfÁZv| H agx©q ¯^vZš¿¨-†PZbv †_‡K ivRbxwZ‡K gy³ ivL‡Z cvi‡j Ges GKUv ˆ`wkK RvZxqZvev`x Abyfe h‡_ó cwigv‡Y cÖej n‡j Z‡eB Amv¤cÖ`vwqK ag©-wbi‡c¶ ivRbxwZ m¤¢e|29

wZb G As‡k AvKig Luv (1868-1968), bwRei ingvb mvwnZ¨iZœ (1860-1923), mydx †gvZvnvi †nv‡mb (1907-75), Bg`v`yj nK (1882-1926), Ave`yj Kwig mvwnZ¨wekvi` (1871-1953), wiqvR-Aj-w`b gvknv`x (1859-1918), dii“L Avng` (1918-74), †iv‡Kqv mvLvIqvZ †nv‡mb (1880-1932), wmKvb&`vi Avey Rvdi (1919-75), †gvnv¤§` jyrdi ingvb (1889-1936), ˆmq` Avgxi Avjx (1849-1929), Avnmvb nvexe (1917-85), mvÕ`Z Avjx AvL›` (1899-1971) cÖgy‡Li iPbv I Rxebv`‡k©i g~j¨vqb cÖm‡½ Ave`yj n‡Ki `„wófw½ wePvi Kiv n‡e| Dch©y³ e¨w³eM© mvgvwRK Ae`vb wePv‡i wØZxqvs‡k Av‡jvwPZ e¨w³‡`i Zzjbvq nq‡Zv †kÖô bb| Avevi Ave`yj n‡Ki `„wóI †mw`‡Ki wePviwe‡k­lY Kiv bq| GLv‡b Zuvi j¶¨ †Kej Kv‡ji †cÖ¶vc‡U A_©vr evOvwj gymjgvb mgv‡Ri AMÖMwZ‡Z Dch©y³ e¨w³e‡M©i Ae`vb g~j¨vqb Kiv|

3.1 gIjvbv AvKig Luv wQ‡jb hyw³ev`x ag©wPš—v we`| †gv¯—dv-PwiZ, mgm¨v I mgvavb MÖš’ `ywUmn wewfbœ cÖe‡Ü Zuvi ag©wPš—vi cwiPq cvIqv hvq| wZwb gymjgvb mgv‡Ri cðvrc`Zv I Kzms¯‹viv”QbœZvi KviY AbymÜv‡b AZ¨š— hyw³wbô gZvgZ cÖ`vb K‡i wb‡Ri cÖvÁZvi cwiPq w`‡q‡Qb| wZwb gymwjg mgv‡Ri `xN©Kvjxb ¯’weiZv I `vm‡Z¡i R‡b¨ `ywU KviY wb‡`©k K‡i‡Qb Ñ GK. eyRM©v‡b Øxb GK_v e‡j‡Qb Ges `yB. AgyK †KZv‡e †jLv Av‡Q| hv Aš—tmvik~b¨ wPš—v Qvov Ab¨ wKQy bq| GR‡b¨ wZwb wj‡L‡Qb, Ôgymjgvb RvwZi ms¯‹vi Kwi‡Z nB‡j, Zvnvi gw¯—‡®‹i ms¯‹vi Av‡M Kwi‡Z nB‡e|Õ30 Ave`yj nK welqwU‡K Av‡iv GwM‡q wb‡q e‡jb, Ôhyw³ev‡`i ØvivB GB ms¯‹vi m¤¢e|Õ (c„ 68) cÖvew܇Ki g‡Z, AvKig Luvi hyw³ev` m~Îve× Ñ †KviAvb-mybœvn †Kw›`ªK| Z_vwc Zuvi cÖqv‡m gymjgvb mgvR bZzb `„wófw½ jv‡fi my‡hvM †c‡q‡Q| evOvwj gymjgvb AvaywbK mgvR MVb I ms¯‹…wZi PP©vq AvMÖnx n‡q‡Q| msMxZ, wPÎKjv, my` (e¨vswKs) I bvix AwaKvi m¤ú‡K© m‡PZbZv cÖKvk K‡i‡Q|31 3.2 bwRei ingvb-iwPZ cuvPwU Dcb¨v‡mi g‡a¨ Av‡bvqviv (1914) cÖavbZg| wecyj RbwcÖq G-MÖš’wU mgS`vi cvV‡Ki Kv‡Q eivei mgv‡jvPbvi m¤§yLxb n‡q‡Q| †hme KviY Dcb¨vmwUi mgv‡jvPbvi Rb¨ `vqx Ave`yj nK ÔAv‡bvqvivÕ kxl©K cÖe‡Ü †mme w`‡Ki Bw½Z K‡i‡Qb| cÖvewÜK Dcb¨vmwUi K…wZZ¡¸‡jv eY©bvi cvkvcvwk `ye©jZvmg~n‡K wb‡æv³fv‡e Dc¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb Ñ Aev¯—e NUbvi mwbœ‡ek| bxwZK_vi evûj¨| mr I Am‡Zi msNvZ Ges Am‡Z¨i civRq Ñ GB n‡”Q Dcb¨vmwUi welqe¯‘| PwiÎ-wP·b hy‡Mi cÖfve| A_©vr hviv fv‡jv Zviv weï× iK‡gi fv‡jv Avi hviv Lvivc Zviv m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c Lvivc| ZviciI wZwb wb‡gœv³ welq we‡ePbvq Dcb¨vmwU‡K Av‡jvPbvq G‡b‡Qb Ñ †h-†Kv‡bv Kvi‡Y †nvK Ñ Ges me©Î Am½Z Kvi‡Y bq Ñ GZw`b a‡i cwVZ n‡Z cv‡i Ggb GKwU Dcb¨vm †jLv K…wZ‡Z¡i K_v Ges AviI GKwU eo K_v Ñ bwRei ingv‡bi Av‡MI ev½vjx gymwjg mgvR‡K wb‡q `y-PviLvwb Dcb¨vm †jLv n‡q‡Q, wKš‘ mvwnZ¨ e‡j MY¨ n‡Z cv‡i, Aš—Zt AvswkKfv‡e, Giƒc Dcb¨vm †jLvi cÖ_g K…wZZ¡ Ges cÖ_g †MŠie bwRei ingv‡biB|32 3.3 KvRx Bg`v`yj nK mgvRwP‡Îi my¯’ Dc¯’vcK I mgvR ms¯‹viK| mgvR‡K wbix¶Y Kivi cÖeYZv Zuv‡K wewkó K‡i‡Q| mgvR wbix¶‡Yi we‡kl `„wófw½i R‡b¨ wZwb gymwjg †jLK‡`i g‡a¨ AMÖMY¨| Ave`yj nK Jcb¨vwmK Bg`v`yj n‡Ki Agi m„wó Ave`yj­vn (1928) Dcb¨vmwU g~j¨vqb cÖm‡½ †jL‡Ki `„wófw½, K…wZZ¡ I mxgve×Zvi cwiPq w`‡q‡Qb| wZwb ÔAve`yj­vnÕ kxl©K cÖe‡Ü e‡jb Ñ mgvRex¶Y hw` AvaywbK Kv‡ji Jcb¨vwmK‡`i cÖ_g

j¶Y nq, Zvn‡j †m j¶Y Zuvi g‡a¨ wQj †lvj Avbvq| Zuvi `„wó me©e¨vcK : †m `„wó †_‡K †Kv‡bv wKQzB †Mvcb _v‡Kwb Ges †Kv‡bv wKQzB ev` c‡owb|33 GQvovI wZwb Ô`yÕRb Kwe cÖm‡½Õ kxl©K cÖe‡Ü evsjv Kv‡e¨i A‡c¶vK…Z Abv‡jvwPZ `yRb Kwe mydx †gvZvnvi †nv‡mb I wiqvRDÏxb †PŠayixi Kve¨ mvabvq ÔwbôvÕi cÖksmv K‡i‡Qb|34 wiqvR-Aj-w`b gvknv`x‡K evOvwj RvZxqZvev`x ZvwË¡K wn‡m‡e cwiPq Kwi‡q †`evi cÖ‡Póv wb‡q‡Qb|35 ÔAveyj nvwkg : ivóªwPš—v I ag©`k©bÕ kxl©K cÖe‡Ü Dcgnv‡`‡ki cÖL¨vZ ivRbxwZwe` Aveyj nvwk‡gi wPš—v I `k©b g~j¨vq‡b m‡Pó †_‡K‡Qb| we‡klZ gymwjg mgv‡R wPš—vi MwZkxjZv Avbq‡bi R‡b¨ BR‡Znv‡`i Ici †Rvi †`Iqv, fvlv-Av‡›`vjb‡K mg_©b Kiv, iex›`ªwe‡ivax‡`i we‡ivwaZv, mvs¯‹…wZK cÖMwZkxjZv, gymwjg ivRbxwZ‡Z evgcš’vi cÖ‡ek NUv‡bv, cvwK¯—vb m„wó‡Z f~wgKv ivLv cÖf…wZ cÖm‡½ Ave`yj nK Aveyj nvwk‡gi wPš—v-`k©‡bi cÖksmv K‡i‡Qb| Avevi ivóªwPš—vq cðvrc`Zv I mv¤úª`vwqK wPš—vi Kvi‡Y Zuvi mgv‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb| jyrdi ingvb‡K Ôc~Y© ALÊ gbyl¨‡Z¡i D‡ØvabÕKvix wn‡m‡e wPwýZ K‡i‡Qb|36 ˆmq` Avgxi Avjx‡K wZwb †`wL‡q‡Qb cÖ_g AvaywbK evOvwj gymjgvb, ga¨hyMmyjf gvbwmKZv I ¯’weiZvwe‡ivax Ges hyw³ev`x wn‡m‡e| Zuvi wPš—v-`k©b g~j¨vq‡b Ave`yj nK e‡jb, ÔXvKvi gymwjg mvwnZ¨-mgv‡Ri wPš—vavivi K‡qKwU m~Î Zuvi iPbvejx‡ZB cÖ_g e¨³ n‡qwQj,...|Õ37 A_©vr agx©q AvPvi-Abyôvb I wewawb‡la cybwe©‡ePbv Ges gvZ…fvlvq Bev`‡Zi D‡j­L cÖf…wZ cÖm‡½ gymwjg mvwnZ¨-mgvR Avwgi Avjxi wbKU †cÖiYv MÖnY K‡i| Avi dii“L Avng` cÖwZfvkvjx n‡qI `k©b-fvebvq ¯^vZš¿¨ev`x nIqvq Zuv‡K wZwb ÔKv‡ji wkKviÕ wn‡m‡e wPwýZ K‡i Avgv‡`i m¤§y‡L nvwRi K‡ib| evOvwj gymjgvb †jLK‡`i Kg©-g~j¨vq‡b Ave`yj nK wbi‡c¶ wQ‡jb| wZwb hv wek¦vm Ki‡Zb, †m-Av‡jv‡K mswk­ó e¨w³e‡M©i cÖ`Ë gZvgZ ch©v‡jvPbv I wb‡Ri `k©b e¨³ K‡i‡Qb| e¨w³MZ m¤úK© e¨w³ I Kg© g~j¨vq‡b †Kv‡bv cÖfve ivL‡Z cv‡iwb| d‡j Dch©y³ e¨w³e‡M©i mvwnZ¨Kg© I Rxeb-`k©b g~j¨vq‡bi ga¨ w`‡q D‡V G‡m‡Q fvlv-mvwnZ¨ms¯‹…wZ, wn›`y-gymjgvb m¤úK©, mgvR, ivRbxwZ, ag© cÖf…wZ m¤ú‡K© Ave`yj n‡Ki `„wófw½| Ave`yj nK evOvwj RvZxqZvev‡`i D‡`¨v³v cyi“l| gZev` cÖPvi I cÖwZôv Zuvi m„wóK‡g©i D‡Ïk¨ nIqvq Ab¨vb¨ wel‡qi g‡Zv ÔmvwnZ¨-mvwnwZ¨K `k©bÕ g~j¨vq‡bI wZwb mgKv‡j ¯^vZš¿¨ev`x‡`i wbKU mgv‡jvwPZ n‡qwQ‡jb| Aek¨ †h-†Kv‡bv bZzb wPš—vavivi cÖPviK e¨w³ ev cÖwZôv‡bi GwUB wbqwZ| wKš‘ Kv‡iv Kv‡iv fv‡M¨ Gi †P‡q †ewk `y‡f©vM †b‡g Av‡m| Ave`yj nK Ges Zuvi gZv`‡k©i aviK cwÎKv mgKvj (1957) I Gi m¤úv`K wmKvb&`vi Avey Rvd‡ii fv‡M¨ Zv-B Ry‡UwQj| evOvwj Ávb-PP©vi †¶‡Î KL‡bv wek¦bvMwiKZv eR©b K‡iwb|38 Ave`yj nK G m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb †_‡K wb‡R mxgv‡iLv-ewR©Z Áv‡bi mvabv K‡i‡Qb Ges mKj‡K Zv Kivi AvnŸvb Rvwb‡q‡Qb| Dch©y³ `„wófw½i Av‡jv‡K wZwb evOvwj gymjgvb mvwnwZ¨K‡`i wPš—v I Kg© g~j¨vqb Kivi d‡j evsjv mvwnZ¨ mgv‡jvPbvq evOvwj gymjgv‡bi nxbgb¨Zv A‡bKLvwb `~i n‡q‡Q| d‡j evOvwj gymjgvb Zvi RvMi‡Yi c‡_ Av‡iv GKavc AMÖmi n‡Z †c‡i‡Q Ges kZvãxKvj a‡i Pjgvb evOvwj gymjgv‡bi cultural identity msµvš— wØav-؇›Øi Av‡iv GKwU w`‡Ki Aemvb n‡q‡Q|

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Z_¨wb‡`©k I UxKv 1. Ave`yj n‡Ki Rb¥ 1325 mv‡ji 25 Avwk¦b PuvcvBbeveMÄ †Rjvi †Mvg¯—vcyi _vbvi D`qbMi MÖv‡g| 2. Avngv` gvhnvi, Ave`yj nK, evsjv GKv‡Wwg, XvKv 2001, c„ 31| 3. Avngv` gvhnvi, Ave`yj nK, c~‡e©v³, c„ 98| 4. f~wgKv, Ave`yj nK : †kÖô cÖeÜ, Avngv` gvhnvi (m¤úv.), wek¦mvwnZ¨ †K›`ª, XvKv 2002| 5. Ôgymwjg mvwnZ¨-mgv‡RÕi c~‡e© 1911 mv‡j KjKvZvq Ôe½xq gymjgvb mvwnZ¨-mwgwZÕ bv‡gi GKwU msMVb evOvwj gymjgv‡bi gyw³i j‡¶¨ cÖ_g h~_e× cÖ‡Póv Pvjvq| msMVbwU bvbv mxgve×Zv m‡Ë¡I †`kfvM ch©š— mwµq wQj| G msMV‡bi gyLc‡Îi bvg wQj e½xq gymjgvb-mvwnZ¨-cwÎKv (1918)| e½xq gymjgvb-mvwnZ¨cwÎKvi cÖKvk evOvwj gymjgv‡bi mvgvwRK BwZnv‡m GKwU ¸i“Z¡c~Y© NUbv| cwÎKvwU gvZ…fvlv evsjv PP©vi Ici cÖf~Z ¸i“Z¡ Av‡ivc K‡i †jLK-mgvR‡K mvwnZ¨PP©vq DrmvwnZ K‡i P‡j Ges mdj nq| 6. Ave`yj nK, ÔwkLvi mÜv‡bÕ, mgKvj, 5 el© 3-5 I 6-8 msL¨v, KvwZ©K-†cŠl I gvN-ˆPÎ 1368, c„ 154| cÖeÜwU ÔXvKvi gymwjg mvwnZ¨-mgvRÕ wk‡ivbv‡g mvwnZ¨ HwZn¨ g~j¨‡eva (1976) kxl©K MÖ‡š’ Aš—fy©³ nq| 7. Ave`yj nK, ÔKvRx †gvZvnvi †nv‡mbÕ, †PZbvi Gjevg Ges wewea cÖmsM, evsjv GKv‡Wwg, XvKv 1993, c„ 34-35| 8. Ave`yj nK, ÔwkLvi mÜv‡bÕ, mvwnZ¨ HwZn¨ g~j¨‡eva, gy³aviv, XvKv 1976, c„ 154| 9. †gvi‡k` kwdDj nvmvb, c~e© evsjvq wPš—vPP©v 1947-1970 : Ø›Ø I cÖwZwµqv, Abycg cÖKvkbx, XvKv 2007, c„ 599| 10. DׄZ, Avwbmy¾vgvb, Ô¯^iƒ‡ci mÜv‡bÕ, ¯^iƒ‡ci mÜv‡b, mvwnZ¨ cÖKvk, XvKv, 1991, c„ 73| Avm‡j gymwjg RvZxqZvev`x †PZbvq Av”Qbœ ZrKvjxb mgv‡R evOvwji mvs¯‹…wZK HwZ‡n¨i K_v ejvB wQj `ytmva¨ e¨vcvi| gvwmK †gvnv¤§`x cwÎKvq 1358 mv‡ji Avlvp msL¨vi Av‡jvPbv wefv‡M ÔZvgyÏwbK msKUÕ kxl©K †jLv †_‡K †mw`‡bi Ae¯’v A‡bKUvB Abyaveb Kiv hvq| †hLv‡b beel©, em‡š—v rme, iex›`ª-bRi“j Rqš—x cÖf „wZ Dcj‡¶ Av‡qvwRZ Abyôvbmg~n‡K cvwK¯—vb-we‡ivax A_©vr ÔM‡qi GQjvgx fveavivÕ cÖPv‡ii cÖ‡Póv wn‡m‡e †`Lv‡bv nq| Gm‡ei †cQ‡b fvi‡Zi wn›`y gnvmfvi Bmjvwg ZgÏyb aŸs‡mi lohš¿ ev KwgDwb÷ fveaviv cÖPv‡ii †Póv Av‡jvPK j¶ K‡i‡Qb| (DׄZ, nvwee ingvb, evOvwj gymjgvb mgvR I eyw×i gyw³ Av‡›`vjb, wgÎg, KjKvZv 2009, c„ 172-173| mgv‡jvPK e‡jb, Ôe¯‘Z G ai‡bi e³e¨ †Kej †gvnv¤§`x KZ…©c‡¶i wQj bv, wQj ¯^qs miKv‡iiI|Õ (nvwee ingvb, evOvwj gymjgvb mgvR I eyw×i gyw³ Av‡›`vjb, c~‡e©v³, c„ 173|) 11. †i‡Rvqvb wmwÏKx, c~e© evsjvi mvs¯‹…wZK msMVb I mvs¯‹…wZK Av‡›`vjb, evsjv GKv‡Wwg, XvKv 1996, c„ 151| 12. mvC`-Di ingvb, c~e© evsjvi ivRbxwZ-ms¯‹…wZ I KweZv, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq, XvKv 1983, c„ 103| 13.D×…Z, Ave`yj nK, ÔbRi“j Bmjvg I evOvjx

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RvZxqZvev`Õ, mvwnZ¨ I ¯^vaxbZv, evsjv GKv‡Wwg, XvKv 1974, c„ 43| 14. D×…Z, ÔbRi“j Bmjvg I evOvjx RvZxqZvev`Õ, c~‡e©v³, c„ 45| 15. ÔbRi“j Bmjvg I evOvjx RvZxqZvev`Õ c~‡e©v³, c„ 45| 16. Ave`yj nK, Ôdz‡ji RjmvqÕ, wbtm½ †PZbv I Ab¨vb¨ cÖm½, evsjv GKv‡Wwg, XvKv 1984, c„ 64| 17. Ave`yj nK, ÔbRi“‡ji Mí I Dcb¨vmÕ, µvwš—Kvj, mgKvj cÖKvkbx, XvKv 1962, c„ 106| 18. Ave`yj nK, ÔbRi“‡ji bvUKÕ, mvwnZ¨ I ¯^vaxbZv, cÖv¸³, c„ 36| 19. Ave`yj nK, ÔKvRx Ave`yj I`y` : wewPÎ AbyivMÕ, mvwnZ¨ I ¯^vaxbZv, c~‡e©v³, c„ 47-48| 20. Ave`yj nK, ÔKvRx Ave`yj I`y` : ivóªwPš—v, mvwnZ¨ I ¯^vaxbZv, c~‡e©v³, c„ 50| 21. mv¤úª`vwqKZv ZZUzKzB mg_©b‡hvM¨ Ñ hZUzKz PP©v Ki‡j Ab¨ m¤úª`v‡qi ¶wZ bv K‡i †Kej wbR m¤úª`v‡qi DcKvi Kiv hvq| wKš‘ mv¤úª`vwqKZvi ag© n‡jv Ñ Ab¨ m¤úª`vq †_‡K Avnvi msMÖn Kiv| G-A‡_© mv¤úª`vwqKZv eR©bxq| D‡j­L¨, I`y` mv¤úª`vwqKZvi †Kej cÖ_g As‡ki PP©v K‡i‡Qb| 22. Ave`yj nK, ÔKvRx Ave`yj I`y`Õ, wbtm½ †PZbv I Ab¨vb¨ cÖeÜ, evsjv GKv‡Wwg, XvKv 1984, c„ 44| 23. ÔKvRx Ave`yj I`y`Õ, c~‡e©v³, c„ 48| GLv‡b wkíKjvi PP©v, fv¯‹h©-wk‡íi PP©v, Bbmy¨‡iÝ, cÖPwjZ e¨vswKs e¨e¯’v cÖf…wZi w`‡K Bw½Z Kiv n‡q‡Q| 24. Ave`yj nK, ÔivRbxwZ cÖm‡½ KvRx I`y`Õ, †PZbvi Gjevg Ges wewea cÖmsM, cÖv¸³, c„ 21| 25. Ave`yj nK, ÔAveyj û‡mbÕ, †PZbvi Gjevg Ges wewea cÖmsM, c~‡e©v³, c„ 24| 26. Ave`yj nK, Ô†gvnv¤§` Iqv‡R` AvjxÕ, µvwš—Kvj, cÖv¸³, c„ 91| 27. Ave`yj nK, ÔwPš—vPP©vq knx`yj­vnÕ, mvwnZ¨ I ¯^vaxbZv, cÖv¸³, c„ 82| 28. D×…Z, Ave`yj nK, ÔGKRb evOvjx RvZxqZvev`xÕ, wbtm½ †PZbv I Ab¨vb¨ cÖeÜ, cÖv¸³, c„ 77| 29. ÔGKRb evOvjx RvZxqZvev`xÕ, c~‡e©v³, c„ 78| 30. D×…Z, Ave`yj nK, ÔgIjvbv AvKig Luvi ag©wPš—vÕ, mvwnZ¨ I ¯^vaxbZv, cÖv¸³, c„ 68| 31. ÔgIjvbv AvKig Luvi ag©wPš—vÕ, c~‡e©v³, c„ 76| 32. Ave`yj nK, ÔAv‡bvqvivÕ, µvwš—Kvj, cÖv¸³, c„ 83| 33. Ave`yj nK, ÔAve`yj­vnÕ, µvwš—Kvj, c~‡e©v³, c„ 84| 34. Ave`yj nK, Ô`yÕRb Kwe cÖm‡½Õ, µvwš—Kvj, cÖv¸³, c„ 76| 35. Ave`yj nK, ÔAvaywbKZvev`x cwÊZ gvknv`xÕ, wbtm½ †PZbv I Ab¨vb¨ cÖeÜ, cÖv¸³, c„ 75| 36. Ave`yj nK, Ô†gvnv¤§` jyrdi ingvbÕ, mvwnZ¨ HwZn¨ g~j¨‡eva, cÖv¸³, c„ 82| 37. Ave`yj nK, ÔBmjvg-cÖm‡½ ˆmq` Avgxi AvjxÕ, mvwnZ¨ HwZn¨ g~j¨‡eva, c~‡e©v³, c„ 117| 38. Ave`yj nK, ÔAvaywbKZvev`x cwÊZ gvknv`xÕ, wbtm½ †PZbv I Ab¨vb¨ cÖeÜ, cÖv¸³, c„ 75| 

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25

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mvš—¡bv LyuR‡Qb?Õ G-Kv‡e¨i cÖvq mg¯— KweZv‡ZB Gikv` Avg‡ji fqven mgq‡K Avgiv bvbv Abyl‡½ Dc¯’vwcZ n‡Z †`wL, KL‡bv e¨w³MZ cÖm‡½, KL‡bvev mvgvwRK bvbv Aš—N©v‡Zi Av`‡j| GK ¯’v‡b Kwe wj‡L‡Qb : ÔNygš— iv‡Zi wkqi Ry‡o `uvwo‡q _v‡K/ PzjQuvUv avZe gvbyl/ ¯—b¨nxb gvZvi Pvicv‡k wN‡i fvix ey‡Ui kã|... cybf©ev b`x Zx‡i D`vm evjyP‡i cuvK LvIqv MvOwPj/ GKwU gvÎ ¸wji AvNv‡ZB m½xnxb nq `vi“Y e¨_vq/ evi“‡`i M‡Ü f‡i Z…Zxq we‡k¦i †`k/ Aw¯’i AvZ©bv‡` `y‡PvL wU‡c ai‡jB †mB/ `„wónxb c„w_ex‡Z µ‡g Zviv G‡m wR‡Ám K‡i,/ †Kgb AvwQ?Õ hy× mš¿vm, bó ivRbxwZ Avi mvgwiK kvm‡bi A‰ea Avùvj‡b e¨w³Rxeb hLb wecbœ ZLb †Kvb Kwe †cÖwgKvi kvwoi AuvP‡j †ivgvw›UKZvi MÜ Luy‡R †d‡i? Kwe RyjwdKvi gwZb †ivgvw›UKZv‡K Zey cwiZ¨vM K‡ibwb, eis GB Amn¨ AgvbweK ev¯—eZv‡K bZzb †ivgvw›UKZvi †Niv‡Uv‡c ew›` K‡i‡Qb| Gi A‡½ i‡q‡Q †ivgvw›UKZvi Pv`i Avi †fZ‡i i‡q‡Q ev¯—eZvi Ki“Y Abj cÖevn| GQvov †Zv Kwei Avi †Kv‡bv Dcvq †bB| KviY bvix†cÖg-fv‡jvevmv Gme wel‡q KweZv †jLvi †Kv‡bv KviY wZwb Lyu‡R cvb bv| ZvB K¬vwmK fw½‡Z wj‡L P‡jb Ô...GKj¶ †Rvqvj Kuv‡a GKj¶ luv‡oi mv‡_ gvby‡li †Ljvayjv mvgvb¨ wQj/ mvgvb¨B wQj Zvi ey‡Ki e„wó‡Z †fRv A½‡b KbKPuvcv ivwÎi wblv`/ Puv`gvwi †kl K‡i †ikgx e¯¿ wc‡V n‡q †hZ †divix Avmvgx/ `~i ebv‡š—i †iLv †hLv‡b wg‡j‡Q G‡m i“¶ g„wËKvi/ †PŠwPi iYv½‡b ... GKj¶ luv‡oi mv‡_ GKj¶ gvby‡li mvgvb¨ †Ljvayjv ïi“ n‡qwQj/ ïi“ n‡qwQj Zvi Ei“‡`k Kl©Y Ave¶ Abve„Z cv_‡ii/ †g` †_‡K gvLb evbv‡bv/ b`xi gv‡Qi Kv‡Q msnviK wcZvi Jim/ gi“‡Z evqy‡Z iv‡L R¨vgy³ †kvwYZv³ evY/ AvKv‡ki mwL wQj †KvwK‡j †KvwK‡j me ˆkke cy‡o †hZ †ejxdzj/ gvjv nv‡Z `uvov‡j cyi“l/ wj‡L w`Z m½xnxb Mv‡b Mv‡b R¡vjvgqx wbwl³ cÖni fiÕ (ÔGKj¶Õ, †Kvb j‡¶¨ †n wblv`)| wb‡Ri e¨w³MZ Abyf‡ei RvqMv‡Z wZwb †h-c` iPbv K‡ib Zv‡Z wg‡k _v‡K ZvobvRvZ Afxáv, †hb Kwei g‡b Aweivg cÖmbœ evZvm †Ljv K‡i, PÂj †gN Zv‡K Dwo‡q wb‡q hvq, e¨¯—Zvi Rb¨ †cÖwgKv‡K mgq w`‡Z cv‡ib bv| Gme mvgwqK D‡ËRbvi g‡Zv †kvbv‡jI Zv‡K Kwe cÖMvp Av¯—i‡Y †X‡K w`‡Z cv‡ib, †m-kw³ Zuvi i‡q‡Q, fvlvi ms‡K‡Z Avjv`v wb‡e©‡ ` cvV‡Ki Avb›`‡jvK‡K fwi‡q †Zvjvi me †RvMvohš¿ wZwb K‡ib wbcyY wkíxi g‡Zv| KweZv mwZ¨Kvi A‡_© KweZv n‡q IVvi †h cÖKiY-†KŠkj I

hy× mš¿vm, bó ivRbxwZ Avi mvgwiK kvm‡bi A‰ea Avùvj‡b e¨w³Rxeb hLb wecbœ ZLb †Kvb Kwe †cÖwgKvi kvwoi AuvP‡j †ivgvw›UKZvi MÜ Luy‡R †d‡i? Kwe RyjwdKvi gwZb †ivgvw›UKZv‡K Zey cwiZ¨vM K‡ibwb, eis GB Amn¨ AgvbweK ev¯—eZv‡K bZzb †ivgvw›UKZvi †Niv‡Uv‡c ew›` K‡i‡Qb| 27

eywׇev‡ai †Ljv Zv‡K wZwb Avqv‡mi g‡a¨ †c‡q hvb| GB KweZvi K‡qKwU PiY j¶ Ki‡j †evSv hv‡e GB evK¨ej‡qi mvieËv : Ô†di hw` WvK `vI, wK K‡i wdi‡ev ej Avwg/ Avgvi‡Zv QywU †bB, KvR wb‡q c‡o AvwQ †gavex wbq‡g/ NÈv ev‡R †_‡K †_‡K, Bw÷kv‡b †Uªb/ G¶zwb †Q‡o hv‡e/ bxwjgvq cÖmbœ †fv‡ii myiwf/ evi evi Ny‡i Av‡m Puv`, m~h© nb‡bi †µv‡a ew¼g nq/ Dcj iv‡Zi †Kv‡j ÔÑ Rj c‡o cvZv b‡o ÑÕ KwP KjvcvZv/ Quz‡q Quz‡q S‡i hvq/ †K ivL‡e a‡i?Õ (ÔAvgvi mgq †bBÕ, †Kvb j‡¶¨ †n wblv`)| mwZ¨Kvi Kwe †cÖg †_‡K wePy¨Z _vK‡Z cv‡ib bv, cv‡ib bv bvixi fv‡jvevmv ev cÖK…wZi Mvp fv‡jvjvMvi Avwj½b †_‡K wegy³ n‡Z| KviY †cÖg †mB ü`‡qi Rvbvjv Ly‡j †`q, †h-ü`q Kwei g‡Zv Amxg Kíbv Ki‡Z cv‡i, Zvi cvLvq fi w`‡q Pj‡Z cv‡i, GB me Abyl½ Zv‡K Kwe K‡i †Zv‡j| Kwe RyjwdKvi gwZb †cÖg‡K A¯^xKvi K‡ibwb Z‡e mvg~wnK ev¯—eZvq †cÖg‡K Rxe‡bi GKgvÎ cv‡_q Ki‡Z KzÉv †eva K‡i‡Qb KL‡bv KL‡bv| †hgb GKwU KweZvq wZwb ˆK‡kvi-†hŠe‡bi †cÖg-AbyivM‡K d¨v›Uvwm e‡j‡Qb| GiKg mvZwU KweZvi bvg wZwb w`‡q‡Qb Ôd¨v›UvwmÕ| GKwU KweZvq Kwe wjL‡Qb : ÔZzwg wdiQ K‡jR †_‡K/ Ng©v³ jveY¨ †Zvgvi gy‡L/ cvwLiv emZevwU evwb‡q PÂz‡Z PÂzi NªvY †g‡L wb‡”Q/ G wbwe©Kvi D`vmxbZv †Zvgvi me©v‡½/ Zzwg wKQyB Rwo‡q wb”Q bv/ bv †iv` bv evZvm|/ Avwg fvewQjvg, Zzwg †Zvgvi eBLvZv¸‡jv/ Qwo‡q †`‡e a~wj‡Z/ ü`q Qvov gvby‡li m‡½ †bevi Avi wK _v‡K?/ †h Av½y‡j Kjg RovI, Zv Zz‡j ai‡e mgy‡L/ †hb Avgv‡K Avgvi wbqwZ †`Lv”Q|Õ (Ôd¨v›Uvwm-2Õ, `ytL †fvjvi `xN©k¦vm) Aek¨ `ytL †fvjvi `xN©k¦vm Kv‡e¨i g~jmyi Ab¨| mvZPwj­‡ki †`kfvM, GKvˇii gyw³hy× Ges Gi cieZx©Kv‡j G‡`‡k msL¨vjNy‡`i Ici †h-fqven AZ¨vPvi ïi“ nq †m-Kvi‡Y ¯^Rb †Q‡o wn›`y m¤cÖ`v‡qi †jvKRb G‡`‡k Qvo‡Z eva¨ nq| Kv‡iv eÜz, †Ljvi mvw_, Kv‡iv evev, Kv‡iv gv‡K †d‡j, wf‡UgvwU †Q‡o, hveZxq †øngvqvi eÜb †Q‡o hviv fvi‡Z P‡j wM‡qwQj Zv‡`i †fvjv mnR bq| †mB ¯§„wZ Kwe‡K ZvwoZ K‡i, Zvi ˆkk‡ei †Ljvi mvw_iv AvR †Kv_v wZwb Rv‡bb bv| evOvwji Rxe‡bi GK Pig gvbweK wech©‡qi BwZnvm GwU| Kwe wj‡L‡Qb : Ôgvby‡li msmv‡i ZLb nvwZ I e¨v‡Nªi jovB/ gvBb †cuvZv gvwUi Ic‡i AvKv‡k nvRvi nvRvi/ †evgvi“ wegvb/ ev”Pzi gv ej‡Zb, GB f`ªvmb GKw`b/ †Q‡o †h‡Z n‡e|/ Avgiv ZLb wn›`y Rvwb bv gymjgvb Rvwb bv/ †Kej RvbZvg eY©NyNyi evmvq wWg dz‡U ev”Pv †e‡iv‡Z/ Avi KZw`b evwK/ ...Zvici GKw`b BwZnvm Zz‡j aij †`qvj/ Zvi Kv‡jv †Nvov ev”Pz‡K wc‡V K‡i wb‡q †Mj/ `~i †Kvb †Zcvš—‡ii gv‡V/ b¶ÎLwPZ iv‡Z GL‡bv †mB `ytL †fvjvi `xN©k¦vm/ cÖvÁ Rxe‡bi Zx‡i gv‡S g‡a¨ `yAvOz‡j g¨vwRK †`Lvq|Õ Kwe RyjwdKvi gwZb ¯^vaxbZv-cieZx© Kvj‡K `„k¨gvb K‡i‡Qb wbR¯^ AwfÁZvi ¯^iƒ‡c; †mLvb hy×, hy×-cieZx© evsjv‡`‡ki ev¯—eZv, bvix-†cÖg, mvaviY gvbyl Ñ Gme cÖm½‡K wZwb Mfxi Abya¨vbmn bZzb †`¨vZbv w`‡q cwiùzU K‡i‡Qb| KweZvi kix‡i Zuvi wPš—v-Av‡eM-`k©b Ges wbR¯^ Kvwe¨K cÖKiY‡K Awš^ó K‡i‡Qb welqe¯‘i cÖ‡qvR‡b| wZwb KL‡bv fz‡j †h‡Z cv‡ib bv wZwb hyׇdiZ ˆmwbK wKsev †cÖwgKvi Kv‡Q KZ wcÖq A_ev wØav Zuv‡K memgq wePwjZ K‡i| mËi-cieZx©Kv‡j iwPZ Zuvi me KweZvq ZvB ¯^‡`k †hgb cÖejfv‡e Dcw¯’Z, †Zgwb †cÖg-†`ªvn Dcw¯’Z Awbevh© cÖZ¨q

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wn‡m‡e| ¯^‡`‡ki †bwZevPK mvgvwRK-ivR‰bwZK cUcwieZ©b Kwe‡K e¨w_Z K‡i, gyw³hy‡×i cÖZ¨q hLb f~jywÉZ nq ZLb wZwb w¶ß n‡q I‡Vb| Z‡e me †`ªvn me w¶ßZv‡K wZwb wkwíZ K‡i †Zv‡jb Abvqv‡m, aª“c`x-fw½gvq| 1972 †_‡K 1980 mvj ch©š— mg‡q wZwb ARmª KweZv wj‡L‡Qb, †m¸‡jv Zuvi bqwU Kv‡e¨i g‡a¨ Qwo‡q-wQwU‡q Av‡Q Z‡e bxwjgv‡K Puv` †`e e‡j Ges ZvB †Zv msev` †bB Kv‡e¨ GB cÖm½¸‡jv we‡klfv‡e D”PwKZ| 1972 mv‡j iwPZ GKwU KweZvq Zuvi GB †`ªvnx †PZbvi ¯^iƒc †evSv hvq| wZwb ¯úóZ wei³ ivR‰bwZK `j I †bZv‡`i cÖwZ| Z‡e Kwe wn‡m‡e wZwb Kx wb‡q DrKwÉZ ZvI e‡jb ¯úó K‡i : Ô†bZvi wK KiYxq?/ †bZvi wK e³e¨?/ fvBeÜz-cwiRb, wKQyB eywS bv Avwg Zvi/ Avwg ïay Rvwb GB evsjvq/ wK‡kvixi Ei“ hw` bMœ nq mܨvi wejvm weZv‡b/ Z‡e Avwg †Kvbw`b KweZv wjLe bvÕ| (Ôkãvejx KweZviÕ, bxwjgv‡K Puv` †`e e‡j) GB Kv‡e¨ Ab¨Î wZwb wjL‡Qb : Ôey‡Ki cuvRi Ly‡j gvbwPÎ †`Lvj †m `xcÖ hv`yKi/ m‡¤§vnbx `Ê Zvi bvPvj AvKv‡k/ Am¤¢e cÙ me myig¨ g wN‡i cÖùzwUZ K‡i w`‡Z †P‡q/ Abvqvm Av‡qvR‡b euvwk‡Z Zzjj myi/ †gN e„wó GkvKvi cÖcv‡Zi gZ/ bxi³ AvOzj w`j A‡jŠwKK †ZRKYv/ †evanxb cZ‡½I cÖvq/ weij K‡cvj Qyu‡q Kv‡iv Kv‡iv hye‡Kiv `ª“Z cv‡q gyn~‡Z© DavI/ gZK© A¨vgey‡k; †jvKvjq D_vj cv_vj/ mgy`q D”Pvkv wniY¥q øvbv_x© †iv‡`i/ meyR †cvlvK c‡i †nu‡U hvq ¯^Q›` MwZ/ ¯^cœ ïay †R‡M _v‡K evbvi Dò Abyf‡eÕ| (Ô†KD wKQy ej‡Z cv‡i bvÕ) Avevi GB Kwe Zuvi †cÖwgKv‡K wdwi‡q w`‡Z Pvb bv, nq‡Zv cv‡ib bv, KviY Rxe‡bi mimZvi ev abvZ¥K mewKQy wZwb †c‡q‡Qb bvixi Kv‡Q| ZvB i‡Y civwRZ ev fxZz bv n‡qI wZwb ej‡Z cv‡ib : Ôfv‡jvevmvi e„Ë †_‡K †ei‡Z cvwi bv/ mg¯— A¨vgywbkvb Avwg †Zvgvi Kv‡Q Rgv ivL‡Z †P‡q/ ˆkk‡ei b`x‡K †W‡K e‡jwQjvg/ Avgv‡K wKQz wKQy gvbweK A¯¿ `vI/ A‡jŠwKK †RwU‡Z Avwg P‡›`ªi Rjhvb †`‡L gy» n‡Z cvwi †f‡e/ wbmM© Avgvi †iŠ`ªv¯¿ Zz‡j w`‡qwQj|Õ (Ô¯^fveÕ) Kwe RyjwdKvi gwZb Kve¨RMr wbg©vYK‡í m‡PZb me mgq, †m-m‡PZbZv Zuuvi ¯^fve-kw³ I m¤¢vebvi cwiPq enb K‡i cÖwZwbqZ| gvbeRxeb‡K †`Lvi †h ex¶Y ev AwfÁZv Zv‡K wZwb KweZvi welq K‡i Zz‡j‡Qb Mfxi I wb‡g©vnfv‡e Ñ Zuvi Abyfe‡e`¨ cÖMvp D”PviY cÖengvb gvbegbb‡K †hgb DÏxß K‡i, †Zgwb evOvwj wn‡m‡eI Avjv`v fvebvi AM©j Ly‡j †`q| Rxe‡bi m‡½ jxb DÏxß †KviK Abyfem¾v‡K wZwb wbR¯^ gÊbwµqvi gva¨‡g Avgv‡`i mvg‡b Dc¯’vcb K‡ib, †mLv‡b Zuvi kã‡eva I wbcyY cÖKiYm¾v KweZv‡K Avjv`v cÖvY `vb K‡i| Avgiv j¶ Kie, mvgwqK Rxebhvcb, ivR‰bwZK cUcwieZ©b, mvs¯‹…wZK cwieZ©b BZ¨vw` welq‡K evsjv‡`‡ki †cÖ¶vc‡U wZwb †hgb Mfxifv‡e KweZvi cO&w³‡Z aviY K‡ib, †Zgwb e¨w³i wPb¥q cÖwmw×, cÖMvp e¨Äbv‡K wZwb Awš^ó K‡ib| d‡j e¨w³i ivM `ytL †¶vf ms‡e` †bwZ‡eva m`_©K †eva nvnvKvi meB Zuv‡K Avµvš— K‡i, Z‡e weKvi †h KweZv bq, †mUv wZwb Rv‡bb, d‡j wb‡Ri Mij wZwb KweZvi cO&w³‡Z Qwo‡q w`‡Z Pvb bv| evsjv‡`‡ki A‡bK cÖwm× Kwei †ejvq Avgiv †`‡LwQ Gm‡ei ARmª D`vniY| RyjwdKvi gwZb `„k¨Z Ab¨ mK‡ji †P‡q Avjv`v n‡q hvb Zuvi ¯^Zš¿ †eva-wPš—v-`k©b I cÖ‡qvMixwZi Kvi‡Y| GKwU `„p-Nbwcb× kã-Q›` MVb Zuvi AvqËvaxb, d‡j wZwb †cuŠ‡Q †h‡Z cv‡ib Kv‡e¨ †mB ¯^Y©Øx‡c, †hLv‡b wZwb GKK AwØZxq| Rxe‡bi mvimËv wb‡q Kwe fv‡eb,

Rxe‡bi j¶ wb‡q wZwb fv‡eb, Lye nZvk bv n‡jI gvbweK wech©q Zuv‡K fvevq, Z‡e wZwb Zv‡K KweZvi mimZv w`‡q fwi‡q †Zv‡jb me mgq| `y-GKwU D`vniY w`‡q GB welqwU ¯úó Kiv hvK : c„w_exi †Kv_vI wK mvimËv e‡j wKQy Av‡Q? AvcvZ wbabnxb Rxe‡bi aŸsmhÁ B›`ªcÖ‡¯’ wecbœ AR©yb †QvU Ni, g‡bvigv, wKsev wKQy Zz‡jv ivLv dzj †kªqZi mskq Ñ †Kv_vI mweZv †bB Ñ cyY¨gq ay‡jv jyß †Kvb mf¨Zvi gZ; ïay †eva (ÔSvojÉbÕ, ZvB‡Zv msev` †bB) 2. Af¨v‡m evi“` †g‡k, †n Avgvi wcÖq evÜe, gvb‡ei `ytL †`‡L cÖK…wZi wea~iv emb KZKvj ay‡q †`‡e †Pv‡Li b`x‡Z? wcÖq I m‡Z¨i gZ Avi c„w_ex‡Z `ytL Av‡Q bvwK? g„wËKv gvZvi gZ Ggb wein †KD cvi‡e bv w`‡Z bv cvIqvi Puv‡`I iv‡Z c`vwZKv AwfmvwiKvi `vi“Y `ytL _v‡K cÖvK…wZK wbÁ©vbZvi| (Ô†n gvbeÕ, ZvB‡Zv msev` †bB) 1983 mv‡j †jLv Ôwb‡Ri mvg‡b AvwgÕ KweZvq Kwe wj‡L‡Qb, Ô`yt‡Li Lvc Ly‡j GB Zievwi Avwg a‡iwQ jjv‡U/ †Kvb ¯^cœ ey‡K a‡i AvRI Zviv e‡m _v‡K wb`©q kx‡Zi DVv‡b|/ Kvi Kvi mš—v‡c Aw¶‡MvjK †_‡K †f‡m I‡V ïå †MvjK ivRnuvm/ wbe©vmb `Ê wb‡q my›`ie‡bi wPi Mfxi nwir/ AvZ¥`n‡bi wPZv wbwe©Kvi †R¡‡j e‡m _v‡K|/ wb‡Ri mvg‡b Avwg/ ci¯ú‡ii Kv‡Q ci¯úi gy‡LvgywL †KD‡U †Qve‡j/ FwZ¡‡Ki cvc †_‡K †`qv‡j †`qv‡j ïay BwZnvm †j‡L|Õ ¯úóZ Kwe mv¤cÖwZK mg‡qi fqvenZvi m‡½ e¨w³Rxe‡bi AmnvqZv‡K †k­‡li gva¨‡g Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| wb‡Ri Amvg_©¨ nq‡Zv wb‡Ri bq, cvwicvwk©¦KZvi Øviv iwPZ, `ytL nq‡Zv wb‡Ri AwR©Z bq, Zey Kwe‡K Gme enb Ki‡Z nq| wb‡R‡K wb‡Ri wP‡b †bevi Av‡qvRb K‡i Pj‡Z nq| Av‡iv Av‡M 1977-G Kwe wj‡L‡Qb Av‡iv Mfxi cÖZ¨q`xß KweZv, †hLv‡b wb‡Ri AvKv•¶vi ev ¶gZvi K_v e‡j‡Qb wZwb| wKQyUv AbyZvc †mLv‡b wg‡k Av‡Q wKsev wKQyUv †bwZ, Z‡e GK kvk¦Z‡eva Ges †evaRvZ AaxiZv Kwe‡K Db¥yL K‡i †Zv‡j, ÔAvgv‡K g~j¨ w`‡jB Avwg Ag~j¨ n‡Z cvwi/ †cÖg w`‡j †cvlgvbv mv‡nex weovj,/ †fv‡ii Kzqvkv w`‡j Pv`i weQvb gv‡V/ wkï‡`i Rb¥ w`‡Z cvwi/ bv wblv` bv RbK GiKg wKQy‡ZB bq/ gvSvgvwS ï‡q _vKv c„w_exi ïi“ †_‡K/ †klZK e‡q hvIqv jeY cvwb‡Z,/ we`xY© ü`q Avwg ay‡q w`‡j/ wK Avgv‡K w`‡Z cvi ej?Õ Kwei m„wókxj mËv hv m„wó Ki‡Z cviZ Zv‡K bv †evSvi Rb¨, Kwei Abyfw~ Zi m¾v‡K Dcjwä bv Kivi Rb¨ Kwe Kó cvb, Kwe Awfgvb K‡ib| Zuvi `ytL ev Kó nq‡Zv _v‡K Z‡e Zvi †P‡q †ewk n‡q I‡V Kwei PÂj ü`‡qi Avb›`vbyfw~ Zi g„Zz¨i Rb¨ Kó| G-Kó Aek¨B GKRb wkíxi Kó wKsev Zxeª Awfgvb Ñ ÔAvgviB †evSvi fyj AvgviB cvevi fyj/ bv, bv, GiKg fyj wKQy bq,/ hv nevi c„w_ex‡Z GKeviB nq|Õ cÖengvb gvbeRxe‡bi mvimËv Kx Zv wb‡q Kwe wbR¯^ wRÁvmv wj‡L †d‡jb KweZvi Pi‡Y Pi‡Y, KL‡bv Rxe‡bi bvbv Abyl½‡K e¨vL¨v †`b wbR¯^ eqv‡b| n‡Z cv‡i †m-e¨vL¨v Avgv‡`i cÖPwjZ Ávb‡K †Zvqv°v K‡i bv, Zey †m-e¨vL¨v Kwei Aš—R©vZ, Mfxi gg©`n‡b wbwl³| Zv‡K A¯^xKvi Kivi Dcvq _v‡K bv| KviY Kwe Av‡MB †cuuŠ‡Q hvb GK wPb¥q RM‡Z, †hLv‡b mZ¨ ev Rxe‡bi bZzb bZzb e¨vL¨v ˆZwi nq Kwei wbR¯^ AwfÁvb w`‡q| Kwei GB Abyfe‡e`¨ RM‡Zi m‡½ Avgv‡`i Lye KgB

cwiPq _v‡K| KviY Kwe †hfv‡e wb‡R‡K Abyf~wZi i¾yc‡_ wb‡q hvb mvavi‡Yi c‡¶ Zv m¤¢e nq bv| Z‡e †h-is Kwe ˆZwi K‡ib Zv‡Z cvVK Av‡jv †`L‡Z cvb, GK Avb›`aviv Zv‡K Avc­Z y Ki‡Z cv‡i, welqwUi †fZ‡i mwVKfv‡e cÖ‡ek bv K‡iB| Kwe Kxfv‡e e¯‘i Ic‡i Av‡jv †dj‡Qb, Kxfv‡e welq‡K bZzb Nb‡Z¡ Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Qb, Zv nq‡Zv cvVK Rvb‡Z cv‡ib bv memgq| Z‡e GKUv Av‡jv Ges Gi is †h Rxeb‡K PÂj K‡i †Zv‡j Zv †ev‡Sb| Ôgvby‡li K_vÕ KweZvq Kwe RyjwdKvi gwZb Rxe‡bi bZzb Mvb †kvbvb hvi ¯^iwjwcI Zuvi ˆZwi Kiv Ñ ÔRb¥ mZ¨ bq/ g„Zz¨ mZ¨ bq/ †hŠeb eva©K¨ Riv †Kvb wKQy wPi¯’vqx bq,/ †Kej i‡q‡Q †`wL AwbZ¨ cÖjq,/ ˆebvwkK KvjPµ me©fyK weavZvi g‡Zv| ... A‡b‡KB G Kvwnbx e‡jwQj Avgvi Av‡MI/ Avwg Rvwb †m evmbv †Kvbw`bI gvby‡li cyievi bq/ Z…òv †gUv‡bvi/ Ggb †Zv cÖevwnZ †bB AvZ¥vi †fZi/ hv i‡q‡Q Zv †Zv aŸs‡mi exR,/ †cvovq km¨‡¶Z †jvKvjq wbf„Z weZvb,/ f¯§xf~Z emyÜiv fv‡e e‡m wegl© †Pv‡L,/ ZviB mv‡_ †kvK eq/ Zvi fvlv †`eZviv †k‡Lwb KLbI|Õ Kwe KL‡bv fv‡eb †h, Zuvi †Pv‡Li g‡a¨ Muv_v i‡q‡Q c„w_exi AgvbweKZvi BwZnvm; UzK‡iv UzK‡iv Qwe, wKsev BwZnv‡mi c_ a‡i cÖv‰MwZnvwmK Kvj †_‡K AvR Aewa wZwb cwiµgY K‡i P‡j‡Qb GKv| Z‡e bó †R¨vrøvi BwZnvmB nq‡Zv mZ¨, †e`bvi Kv‡jv is nq‡Zv gg©¯úkx© Ges †m-Kvi‡YB Kwe‡K Zv ¯úk© K‡i| Agvgq BwZnv‡mi b`x‡Z fvmevi mgq Kwe KvD‡K Lyu‡R cvb bv mvw_ wn‡m‡e| Z‡e mgq Avi BwZnvm Zuv‡K bZzb bZzb †ev‡ai Kv‡Q wb‡q hvq, hv gvbeRxe‡bi AvKzwZ Avi `xN©k¦vm‡K cÖwZfvZ K‡i| cÖvPxb c„w_exi gvbyl wKsev Zv‡`i avivevwnK Rxeb-cwiµgv hvi AskZ nq‡Zv Kwe Rv‡bb, Z‡e Zvi Mvp Av¯—iY Kwe‡K Avµvš— K‡i Ges wZwb Rv‡bb, GB AgvbweKZvi BwZnv‡mi †kl †bB, †`ªvc`xi kvwoi g‡Zv Zvi ˆ`N©¨ †bB, ïay we¯—vwiZ nq| Kwe GB me wb‡q cO&w³ iPbv K‡ib, ÔA‡bKvs‡k †iv` wQj : welYœ ev`yo wQj †Pv‡Li †fZ‡i,/ Avi wQj wn‡ivwkgv,/ gvÎ Kw`b Av‡M K_v w`‡qwQ‡j,/ cÖej c­ve‡b me †f‡m hvIqv †mªv‡Zi †fZ‡i/ Z…Y ¸j¥ jZvcvZv cÖej ˆkevj`vg,/ A‡b‡KB m½x wQj †mB wemR©‡b|/ Ny‡i †eov‡bvi GK cÖej Z…òv wb‡q †P‡q Av‡Q gv‡K©v‡cv‡jv,/ nvm‡Q †`qv‡j|Õ (Ôwemwc©jÕ) 1976 †_‡K 1989 mvj ch©š— mgqKv‡j †jLv KweZv wb‡q Kvi PiYwPý a‡i Kv‡e¨i g~jmyi †h Kwei BwZnvm-cwiµgY Zv †evSv hvq Gi KweZv co‡j| Z‡e gv‡S gv‡S wZwb Ab¨ c‡_ †M‡Qb, Ab¨iKg wKQy Abyf‡ei Kv‡Q wb‡R‡K †g‡j a‡i‡Qb| wZwb mgq ev Kv‡ji Mfxi ch©‡e¶K, gvbeRb¥ cwieZ©bm~·K wZwb MÖw_Z Kivi †Póv K‡i‡Qb Zuvi g‡Zv K‡i, Rxe‡bi m‡½ Mvpfv‡e jxb Abyl½‡K wZwb BwZnv‡mi Kvh©KiYm~‡Îi m‡½ wgwj‡q †`L‡Z †P‡q‡Qb| n‡Z cv‡i Zuvi me e³e¨ mevi Kv‡Q MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq, Z‡e Zv‡Z Kwei wKQy Av‡m-hvq bv ev KweZvi †Kv‡bv ¶wZ-e„w× nq bv| KviY Kwei cÖZxwZ ev Abyf‡ei is Ggb cÖMvp †h, Zv Awbevh© GK †ev‡ai RM‡Z wb‡q hvq, hv‡K ïay b¨vq-Ab¨vq mZ¨vm‡Z¨i cÖPj w`KUv w`‡q wePvi Kiv hvq bv| GUv wVK †h, Kwe RyjwdKvi gwZb m‡PZb Kwe, †ivgv‡Ýi †P‡q eyw×i `xwß Zuvi Kv‡Q ¸i“Z¡c~Y©, ïay K_vi wc‡V K_v emv‡bv wKsev evK¨ej‡qi g‡a¨ mvgvb¨ †gvPo w`‡q wZwb KweZv wjL‡Z Pvbwb eis Rxe‡bi Mfxi mZ¨‡K AbymÜvb K‡i Zvi m‡½ wb‡Ri Dcjwä‡K hy³ K‡i‡Qb| wbtm‡›`‡n wZwb K¬vwmK avivi Kwe, nq‡Zv myaxb `Ë Zuvi wcÖq Kwe| Zey †m-K¬vwmK fw½i g‡a¨ Kwei

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Abyf‡ei Zx¶èZv †hgb †Pv‡L c‡o Avevi gvb‡ei mvaviY Avbyf~wZK †mŠ›`h©I wZwb wbcyYfv‡e Auv‡Kb| †h-c_ w`‡q GZw`b P‡j‡Qb Zv wgwj‡q wb‡q‡Qb BwZnvm ci¤úivq| Rxe‡bi euv‡K euv‡K †h-j¶Y aiv c‡o, b`xi †mB Piv-evwj‡Z BwZnvm Zvi bL ewm‡q hvq| Gwkqvi Ab¨Zg a‡g©i cÖeZ©K †MŠZg eyׇK wZwb mvg‡b G‡b‡Qb, †mB evjK bvjK †h RxebcÖevn †`‡L‡Q Zvi iƒc †Kgb, GZ`~i Kxfv‡e G‡m‡Q †m, axicv‡q †m GwM‡q P‡jwQj c„w_exi c‡_, Zvi PiYwPý i‡q †M‡Q| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv bvj‡Ki †ejvq †hgb GB Mí mZ¨, †Zgwb me gvb‡ei hvwcZ RxebI †i‡L †M‡Q c„w_ex‡Z ¯§iYwPý, †m-MíI mZ¨| Kwe RyjwdKvi gwZb Avgv‡`i †mB kvk¦Z †ev‡ai Kv‡Q wb‡q hvb, †mB wRÁvmvi Kv‡Q `uuvo Kwi‡q †`b, hv Rxe‡bi Rb¨ A‡gvN; PÂjv ev wecyjv c„w_exi Kv‡Q wKsev gvbeRxe‡bi Kv‡Q Avgiv Kx cvV wbB, Kx cvV ivwL cÖRb¥ †_‡K cÖR‡b¥i Rb¨? ïay wK nvnvk¦vm? bvwK `xN©wbk¦vm? Kwe Aek¨ Avgv‡`i nZvkvi w`‡K avweZ K‡ib LvwbKUv, Z‡e Gfv‡e Av‡iv wb‡q hvb Rxe‡bi KvQvKvwQ Ñ wKQy ¯§„wZwe¯§„wZ, Rxebe¨ß wKQy Auvavi, wKQy wRÁvmv wKQy wenŸjZv, wKQy AvKv•¶vi †iv`, Rgv‡bv †µva ev Awfgv‡bi KvQvKvwQ| c„w_ex‡Z Kwei AvKv•¶vi e¯‘ ev cÖm½ wKsev Abyf~wZi m~² RMr Zuv‡K nq‡Zv e¨vc„Z iv‡L A_ev wZwb †mB AgiveZxi RM‡Zi ¯^cœ †`‡Lb| ev¯—e ev Aev¯—‡ei RM‡Zi g‡a¨ Kwe GKUv e¨eavb ˆZwi K‡i P‡jb m‡PZbfv‡e| cvwicvwk¦©KZv‡KI Kwe e¨envi K‡ib| GB Kwe GZUv Kíbvi RM‡Zi bb, Z‡e wZwb Zuvi e³e¨‡K cwiùzU Ki‡Z Kíbvi kw³‡K Kv‡R jvMvb Dcgv-Dr‡cÖ¶v LyuR‡Z| ¯^fveKwei g‡Zv wZwb cÖPjavivi KweZvI †j‡Lb, hw`I Zuvi g~jm~Î n‡jv Rxe‡bi Mfx‡i wd‡i hvIqv ev cvVK‡K Mfxi Abyf‡ei mvM‡i AeMvnb Kiv‡bv| cvwicvwk¦©KZv ev ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡bi bvbv LuywUbvwU welq I PwiÎ Kwe e¨envi K‡ib KL‡bv KL‡bv, Zv AvcvZfv‡e mivmwi g‡b n‡jI ev¯—‡e Zv bq| KviY GB me cÖm½ ev Pwi·K wZwb e¨envi K‡ib Zuvi e³e¨‡K iƒcKí wn‡m‡e cvV‡Ki mvg‡b Dc¯’vcb Kivi Rb¨| GKwU welq RyjwdKvi gwZ‡bi KweZvi †ejvq ¯úó †evSv hvq †h, KweZv‡K KweZv K‡i †Zvjvi Rb¨ wZwb KL‡bv Kó Kíbvi Avkªq †bbwb| eis wZwb Lye Abvqvm fw½‡Z †c‡q hvb KweZvi wPÎKí, Abyl½ wKsev Mfxi Abyfe‡e`¨ cO&w³| †h-ch©v‡q †cuŠ‡Q †M‡j GKRb Kwei bZzb wel‡qi Rb¨ nv-wc‡Z¨k Ki‡Z nq bv, bZzb Awfe¨w³i Rb¨ wPwš—Z n‡Z nq bv, Kwe RyjwdKvi gwZb †mB D”PZvq †cuŠ‡Q †M‡Qb| evjK ev wK‡kvi eqm †_‡K Zuvi AwfÁZv cyó n‡q‡Q RMr-Rxeb I cVb-cvVb †_‡K, ARmªavivi wPš—vwef~wZ Kwe‡K mZZ PÂj K‡i‡Q evievi| Z‡e wZwb Gi g‡a¨ cÖK…Z KweZvi kixi I cÖvY Lyu‡R wb‡Z cv‡ib, †mB †eva Zvi ˆZwi n‡q‡Q `xN©w`‡bi Kve¨PP©vi gva¨‡g| Zuvi cv‡ki RMr †_‡K wZwb wecyjfv‡e MÖnY K‡i‡Qb Dcv`vb Ges Zv‡K KweZvi m~² bwiZmy †`‡n †Mu‡_ wb‡q‡Qb m‡PZb wkíxi g‡Zv| Ô†dwiIqvjvÕ bvgK KweZvq †dwiIqvjv Pwi·K wZwb MÖnY K‡i‡Qb wfbœ GK gvÎvq, bZzb A_©‡`¨vZKZvq GB ˆ`bw›`b Rxebhvcb KweZvi AmvaviY cO&w³ n‡q D‡V‡Q| `ycy‡i `ycy‡i Zzwg †dwiIqvjv jy‡KvPzwi †Lj, Rvbvjv †_‡K †kvbv hvq †Zvgvi †iŠ`ªvf Mjvi AvIqvR, gv_vi Ic‡i MvQ b¨vov gv_v, GKUzKz QvqvI c‡o bv, ... ... ...

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evievi †W‡K hvI, evievi jy‡KvPzwi †Lj, †m †Kvb D‡Vvb gvwo‡q KL‡bvB Ai‡Y¨i KvQvKvwQ †h‡Z cvi‡e bv gvby‡li Rb¨ GB c„w_ex‡Z A‡bK wKQyB wbwl×, †hgb Ávbe„‡¶i dj LvIqv †hgb b`xi †gvnbvq wM‡q `uvovb AvZß `~‡i P¤ú‡Ki †mŠif †bqv...

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Ovwji g‡b d¨vwm÷we‡ivax gvbwmKZv Ges mgvRZš¿ev‡`i cÖwZ AvMÖn †R‡MwQj g~jZ wZwi‡ki `k‡K| i“k wec­‡ei d‡j ivwkqvq RviZ‡š¿i cZb I mgvRZš¿ev‡`i cÖwZôv N‡U 1917 wLªóv‡ã| ZviB m~Î a‡i Aí K‡qKRb evOvwj eyw×Rxex mgvRZš¿ev` m¤ú‡K© AeMZ I AvMÖnx n‡qwQ‡jb| mgMÖ we‡ki `kK Ry‡o d¨vwmev` ax‡i ax‡i Qwo‡q cowQj BD‡iv‡c Ñ g~jZ gy‡mvwjwbi †bZ…‡Z¡| wKš‘ 1933-G Rvg©vwb‡Z wnUjvi ¶gZvq G‡j †h DMÖ AZ¨vPvi ïi“ n‡qwQj, ZviB d‡j we‡k¦i Rbgvb‡m d¨vwm÷-wei“×Zvi †PZbv cÖej n‡q I‡V| mgvRZš¿ev`xiv g~jMZfv‡eB mvgªvR¨ev`we‡ivax| Avi mvgªvR¨ev‡`i NbZg, Zx¶èZg iƒc n‡jv d¨vwmev`| †h-†Kv‡bv gvbevwaKvi-wek¦vmx e¨w³i c‡¶ mgvRZš¿ev`x nIqv Avewk¨K bq, wKš‘ d¨vwmev`we‡ivax nIqv Avewk¨K| wZwi‡ki `k‡K d¨vwm÷-wei“×Zvi m~Î a‡i wkw¶Z eyw×Rxexiv g‡bi w`K †_‡K KvQvKvwQ G‡mwQ‡jb| mgvRZš¿ev‡` huviv m¤ú~Y©fv‡e wek¦vm Ki‡Zb Ges huviv Ki‡Zb bv Ñ Zuviv mK‡jB wgwjZfv‡e d¨vwm÷we‡ivax Kvh©µ‡g D‡`¨vMx n‡qwQ‡jb| Zuv‡`i cÖ_g mvsMVwbK K…Z¨ wQj c¨vwim, eªv‡mj&m BZ¨vw` ¯’v‡b Av‡qvwRZ d¨vwm÷we‡ivax kvwš— m‡¤§jb¸‡jv‡Z cÖwZwbwa †cÖiY, d¨vwm÷ Drcxo‡bi cÖwZev‡` mfv-mwgwZi Av‡qvRb Ges ¯^v¶i msMÖn| Gici mvwn‡Z¨ d¨vwm÷we‡ivax †PZbv RvMv‡bvi AvKv•¶v wb‡q GwM‡q G‡jb eyw×Rxex I wkíx-mvwnwZ¨‡Ki `j| 1936 wLªóv‡ã cÖwZwôZ n‡jv ÔwbwLj fviZ cÖMwZ †jLK m•NÕ Ges 1937-G cÖKvwkZ n‡jv cÖMwZ bv‡gi GKwU msKjb| GB msKj‡b wewfbœ cÖeÜ, Mí, KweZv Ges Abyev‡`i g‡a¨ w`‡q Drcxo‡bi wei“‡× †kvwlZ gvby‡li c‡¶ `iw` D”Pvi‡Yi ¯^v¶i ivL‡jb †jLKiv| GB msKjbwUi m‡½ bvbvfv‡e Rwo‡q wQ‡jb †mB mg‡qi cÖMwZgb¯‹ e¨w³eM©|

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Rxeb-Z_¨ kvwš—cy‡ii Avw` Awaevmx wQ‡jb A‰ØZ es‡ki †Mv¯^vgxiv| cyi“lvbyµ‡g cwiev‡i wQj we`¨vPP©vi Abykxjb| Dwbk kZ‡Ki gvSvgvwS GB †Mv¯^vgx es‡ki GKwU kvLv dwi`cy‡i emevm Ki‡Z ïi“ K‡i| †mB es‡kiB mš—vb APz¨Z †Mv¯^^vgx| Zuvi wcZv kkx‡gvnb †Mv¯^^vgx wQ‡jb dwi`cy‡ii D”P we`¨vjq Ckvb Bbw÷wUDk‡bi wk¶K| Zuvi Rbbxi bvg wQj †lvokxevjv †`ex| 1918 wLªóv‡ãi 1 gvP© dwi`cy‡i APz¨Zvb‡›`i Rb¥ nq| APz¨Zvb›` bvgwU QvÎRxeb I Kg©Rxe‡bi mg¯— KvMRc‡Î A¶zYœ _vK‡jI †jLv‡jwLi mg‡q I mgv‡Ri Ab¨vb¨ †¶‡Î e¨env‡ii Kv‡j wZwb wb‡RB msw¶ß ÔAPz¨ZÕ K‡i wb‡qwQ‡jb| Qq fvB I Pvi †ev‡bi g‡a¨ ga¨g mš—vb APz¨Zvb‡›`i evj¨wk¶v ïi“ n‡qwQj evwo‡ZB| Zvici Ckvb Bbw÷wUDk‡b wZwb c‡ob 1929 †_‡K 1933 mvj ch©š—| 1933-G cÖ_g wefv‡M g¨vwUªKz‡jkb cvk K‡i dwi`cy‡iB iv‡R›`ª K‡j‡R AvBGmwm c‡ob| GB mg‡q Zuvi mncvVx wQ‡jb bvivqY M‡½vcva¨vq I b‡i›`ªbv_ wgÎ| DËi-Rxe‡bI GB wZb mvwnwZ¨‡Ki eÜzZ¡ ¯’vqx n‡qwQj| 1935-G cÖ_g wefv‡M AvBGmwm cvk Kivi ci mv¤§vwbK Bs‡iwRmn IB K‡jR †_‡KB 1937-G weG cix¶vq DËxY© nb| ZLb Zuvi eqm gvÎ Dwbk c~Y© n‡q‡Q| APz¨Z †Mv¯^vgxi wcZv abevb bv n‡jI mvaviY m”QjZv wQj msmv‡i| Av‡iv covi ev PvKwi Kivi B‡”Q wQj bv Zi“Y APz¨Z †Mv¯^vgxi| wPiKvjB e¨emv Kivi w`‡K Zuvi †SuvK wQj, hw`I e¨emv Pvjvevi g‡Zv gvbwmK MVb Zuvi Av‡`Š wQj bv| cÖ_‡g wZwb gv‡qi Kv‡Q †_‡K UvKv wb‡q gv‡Qi I Kvc‡oi e¨emv Kivi †Póv K‡ib| 1939 wLªóvã †_‡K Zuvi GB cÖqv‡mi ïi“| e¨emvi m~‡ÎB Zuv‡K Avm‡Z n‡jv c~e© evsjvi †K›`ªbMix XvKvq| G‡mB wZwb mgvRZš¿ev‡`i Av`k© Ges cÖMwZfvebv-mg„× mvwnZ¨ I wPš—vPP©vq AvK…ó n‡q c‡ob| AwP‡iB wZwb XvKvi KwgDwb÷ cvwU© Ges ÔcÖMwZ †jLK m•NÕi GKRb Drmvnx I mwµq m`m¨ n‡q I‡Vb| wKiYk¼i †mb¸‡ßi iPbv †_‡K Avgiv GB mg‡qi weeiY D×vi KiwQ| Ñ ÔAvgv‡`i g‡a¨ Zi“YZg wQ‡jb †mv‡gb P›`| cÖMwZ †jLK ms‡Ni cÖ_g Awa‡ekb Zuvi evwo‡ZB n‡qwQ‡jv| c‡i w¯’i nq, wfbœ wfbœ ¯’v‡b mvßvwnK Awa‡ekb n‡e| APz¨Z †Mv¯^vgx ZLb XvKvq G‡m GKv

_vK‡Zb Zuvi bvwi›`vi fvovevwo‡Z, evwoi Ab¨ mevB wQ‡jb dwi`cy‡i| APz¨Z c‡i Zuvi evwo‡ZB cÖMwZ †jLK ms‡Ni mvßvwnK mfvi Av‡qvRb K‡ib|Õ (Pwj­‡ki `k‡Ki XvKv, wKiYk¼i †mb¸ß, mi`vi dRjyj Kwig, mvwnZ¨cÖKvk, XvKv, 1994, c„ 32)| †mB mgq †_‡KB APz¨Z †Mv¯^vgx mvwnZ¨-AbyivMx I mvwnZ¨gb¯‹ GK wPš—vwe`| e¨emv‡qi LyuwUbvwU †`Lv Ges mveavbZv Aej¤^‡b Av‡`Š Zuvi gb wQj bv| UvKv bó n‡q‡Q e¨emv‡q| wKš‘ mvwnZ¨ wQj Zuvi gb‡bi Aej¤^b, fv‡jvevmvi †K›`ª| wb‡Ri †jLvi †P‡q wZwb fv‡jvevm‡Zb mvwnZ¨ wb‡q fve‡Z, mvwnZ¨ we‡k­lY Ki‡Z| †h-†jLK‡`i cÖwZfvi ¯^vfvweK weKvk mvwnZ¨ we‡k­l‡Y Ñ wZwb wQ‡jb Zuv‡`iB GKRb| ¯^Zš¿ I wbR¯^ `„wó‡KvY †_‡K mvwnZ¨‡K †`Lv, wbi‡c¶ I wbfx©Kfv‡e wb‡Ri AwfgZ cÖKvk Kiv Ges mvwnZ¨ we‡k­l‡Yi g‡a¨ w`‡q GK Rxeb mgx¶Y‡K Zz‡j aiv Ñ A_©vr cÖ_g †kªwYi cÖvew܇Ki mg¯— ¸YB wQj APz¨Z †Mv¯^vgxi g‡a¨| Zi“Y eqm †_‡KB wZwb gbbkxj wPš—vi cÖ‡qv‡M Af¨¯— n‡q D‡VwQ‡jb| †mBm‡½ cÖMwZfvebvi ¯^iƒc Dcjwä Kivi d‡j, mgvRZš¿ev‡`i wk¶v MÖn‡Yi †Póvi m~‡Î †mB Kv‡ji c‡¶ LyeB weij GK bexbZv e‡Z©wQj Zuvi mvwnZ¨‡ev‡a| Aí eqm †_‡KB Zuvi †jLvq bZzb w`M`k©‡bi cÖhZœ j¶ Kiv †hZ| iex›`ªbv‡_i †Mviv Dcb¨v‡mi wei“‡× mgv‡jvPbv K‡iwQ‡jb wZwb PZzi½ cwÎKvi †Kv‡bv GK msL¨vq, Pwj­‡ki `k‡Ki †Mvovi w`‡K| mgv‡jvPbv-kvwbZ †mB cÖeÜ c‡o iex›`ªbv_ †jLK‡K Av‡iv A‡bK eq¯‹ e¨w³ †f‡ewQ‡jb| mgv‡jvPbvq GKUz wePwjZI n‡qwQ‡jb| µ‡gB APz¨Z †Mv¯^vgx XvKvi cÖMwZ mvwn‡Z¨i Kg©Kv‡Ê wb‡R‡K Acwinvh© K‡i Zzj‡Z jvM‡jb| XvKvq ZuviB fvov †bIqv evwoi N‡i cÖMwZ †jLK m‡•Ni mvßvwnK Avmi R‡g DVZ| ¯^iwPZ mvwnZ¨ cvV I Av‡jvPbvq mRxe n‡q DVZ mgv‡ek| XvKvq †mB mg‡qi cÖMwZ-Av‡›`vj‡bi Ab¨Zg kwiK i‡Yk `vk¸‡ßi ¯§„wZPvi‡Y Avgiv GKwU Qwe cvw”Q Ôg‡b co‡Q, †mv‡gb Zuvi Ôeb¯úwZÕ MíwU c‡owQ‡jb cÖMwZ mvwn‡Z¨i ˆeV‡K APz¨Z †Mv¯^vgxi evmvq| APz¨Z †Mv¯^vgx wQ‡jb GB MíwUi kZfvM c‡¶| †mv‡gb P‡›`i Kv‡Q Aek¨ GKm‡½ wg‡j KvR Kivi GKUv †SuvKI wZwb †c‡qwQ‡jb|Õ (mvwnZ¨wPš—v, †g, 1980) ÔwbwLj fviZ cÖMwZ †jLK m•NÕi KjKvZv kvLvi m`m¨‡`i Øviv cÖKvwkZ cÖMwZ bvgK msKjbwUi Av`‡k© XvKvi ÔcÖMwZ †jLK m•NÕ 1940-G µvwš— bv‡g GKwU msKjb cÖKvk K‡i| m¤úv`K wn‡m‡e Kv‡iv bvg wQj bv; wKš‘ huviv µvwš— cÖKvk K‡iwQ‡jb Zuv‡`i cÖavb PviRb wQ‡jb Ñ †mv‡gb P›`, i‡Yk `vk¸ß, wKiYk¼i †mb¸ß I APz¨Z †Mv¯^vgx| cÖ_g msL¨vi µvwš—‡Z APz¨Z †Mv¯^vgxi cÖeÜI wQj| †mv‡gb P›` b„ksmfv‡e wbnZ n‡qwQ‡jb 1942-Gi gv‡P©| wKš‘ huv‡`i `„p msK‡íi Rb¨ †mv‡g‡bi g„Zz¨i ciI XvKvi cÖMwZ-Av‡›`vjb wek„•Lj n‡q hvqwb, APz¨Z †Mv¯^vgx wQ‡jb Zuv‡`i GKRb| †mv‡gb P‡›`i RxerKv‡jB d¨vwm÷we‡ivax Ges cÖMwZkxj cvw¶KcÎ cÖwZ‡iv‡ai cwiKíbv Kiv n‡qwQj| †mv‡g‡bi g„Zz¨i ciI †m-cwiKíbv wQj mymse×| GK gv‡mi g‡a¨B 1942-Gi GwcÖj †_‡K (ˆekvL) cÖwZ‡iva cÖKvwkZ n‡Z ïi“ K‡i wKiYk¼i †mb¸ß I APz¨Z †Mv¯^vgxi hyM¥ m¤úv`bvq| ZLb APz¨Z †Mv¯^vgx XvKvi 20bs †KvU© nvDm w÷ª‡Ui GKwU †nv‡Uj Z_v †gmevwoi IciZjvq _vK‡Zb| †m-NiB wQj

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cÖwZ‡iv‡ai Kvh©vjq| †mB wVKvbvB _vKZ cwÎKvwU‡Z gyw`ªZ| wKiYk¼i †mb¸ß c~‡e©v ³ MÖš’- As‡k Rvwb‡q‡Qb, cÖwZ mܨv‡ZB APz¨Z †Mv¯^vgxi N‡i wgwjZ n‡Zb cÖwZ‡iv‡ai Kgx©iv| Av‡jvPbv n‡Zv cwÎKvi wewfbœ mgm¨v, D‡Ïk¨ Ges †jLv wb‡q| Kxfv‡e wb‡R‡K APz¨Z †Mv¯^vgx cÖMwZ-Av‡›`vj‡bi m‡½ hy³ K‡iwQ‡jb Ñ Gme weeiY †_‡K Zv †evSv hvq| Gi g‡a¨I Zuvi ¯^vaxb e¨emv‡qi †SuvK wKš‘ wejyß nqwb| 1945-46-G wZwb Ôj²xbvivqY KUb wg‡jÕi weµq-wbe©vnx G‡R›U wQ‡jb| Kg©m~‡Î Ab¨vb¨ ¯’vb, we‡kl K‡i Kzwgj­vq cÖvqB †h‡Z n‡Zv Zuv‡K| fvi‡Zi ¯^vaxbZv msMÖvg µ‡gB Nbxf~Z I cwiYvggyLx n‡q DV‡Z jvMj| Ks‡MÖm I gymwjg jx‡Mi cÖwZØw›ØZv n‡q DV‡Z jvMj Zxeª †_‡K ZxeªZi| Zvici GKw`b G‡jv †`kwefvM I ¯^vaxbZv| evOvwj ga¨weË mgv‡Ri e‡ov GKwU Ask‡K n‡Z n‡jv NiQvov, ¯^‡`k †_‡K DØv¯‘| †Mv¯^vgx cwievi‡KI GB wecbœZvi Ave‡Z© c‡o P‡j Avm‡Z n‡jv cwðg evsjvq| wVK Zvi Av‡M 1947-Gi Rvbyqvwi gv‡m APz¨Z †Mv¯^vgx cwiYqm~‡Î Ave× n‡qwQ‡jb DËi PweŸk ciMYvi GK mywkw¶Z cwiev‡ii weG cvk Zi“Yx evmš—x †`exi m‡½| †`kwefv‡Mi ci mvgwqKfv‡e †Q` coj cÖMwZkxj cÎ-cwÎKvq †jLvi PP©vq| evm¯’vb mÜvb I RxweKvi cÖkœB n‡q DVj cÖavb| APz¨Z †Mv¯^vgxi AMÖR åvZv b„‡c›`ªK…ò †Mv¯^vgx wQ‡jb `k©bkv‡¯¿ mycwÊZ Ges cvebv GWIqvW© K‡j‡Ri `k©bkv‡¯¿i Aa¨vcK| †`kwefv‡Mi ci wZwb Zuvi Kg©¯’j e`‡j P‡j G‡jb ewminvU K‡j‡R| cwðge‡½ G‡m cÖ_‡g K‡qKRb fvB‡evb I `v`v b„‡c›`ªK…òmn APz¨Z †Mv¯^vgx G‡m DV‡jb ewokvi wewcb cvj †iv‡Wi GKwU fvovevwo‡Z| Zvici Zuviv 1948-Gi †k‡li w`‡K D‡V †M‡jb bvi‡KjWv½v b_© †iv‡Wi GKwU evwo‡Z, hvi AbwZ`~‡i wQj GK RRmv‡n‡ei weivU nvZvIqvjv evMvbevwo| c‡i APz¨Z †Mv¯^vgxi Dcb¨vm KvbvMwji Kvwnbxi wekvj evwowUi cwiKíbvq nq‡Zvev †_‡K †M‡Q IB RRmv‡n‡ei evMvbevwoi ¯§„wZ| GB mg‡q APz¨Z †Mv¯^vgx GKwU c_-`yN©Ubvq AvnZ nb| Zuvi cv‡qi AvOy‡ji Ici w`‡q P‡j hvq Uªv‡gi PvKv| Amy¯’ Ae¯’vq cyix‡Z ¯^M©Øv‡ii Kv‡Q GKwU evmv fvov K‡i `k gvm wQ‡jb APz¨Z †Mv¯^vgx I evmš—x †`ex| G NUbv 1948-Gi| m¤¢eZ Zvi c‡iB bvi‡KjWvOvq G‡m DV‡jb Zuviv| e¨emv‡qi †bkv ZL‡bv wZwb Qvo‡Z cv‡ibwb| 1947-48 ch©š— KUb wg‡ji KvRwU †Kv‡bvfv‡e Pvwj‡q wQ‡jb| Zvici cyix‡Z wM‡q Ab¨ GKwU †Kv¤úvwbi m‡½ †hvMv‡hvM nIqvq †cvjvb †Zj Pvjv‡bi Kvievi ïi“ K‡ib| GB †Zj gv‡Qi Pvl I e¨emv‡qi Kv‡R jv‡M| cyix †_‡K KjKvZvq †Zj wb‡q Avmvi e¨e¯’v K‡iwQ‡jb wZwb| GB m~‡ÎB grm¨Rxex m¤cÖ`v‡qi m‡½ Zuvi †hvMv‡hvM nq| my›`ieb A‡ji grm¨Rxex I KjKvZvi `w¶YZg cÖv‡š—i gv‡Qi †fwoi cwi‡e‡k cÖwZ¯’vwcZ Zuvi Dcb¨vm grm¨MÜvq †m-Kvi‡YB grm¨Rxex m¤cÖ`v‡qi Rxe‡bi ev¯—eZv eû Jcb¨vwm‡Ki Zzjbvq m¤ú~Y©Zi n‡q †`Lv w`‡q‡Q| Gici gvwbKZjvi GKwU evwo‡Z wKQyKvj †_‡K †kqvj`vq 17bs nvqvr Luv †j‡bi GKwU eû kwi‡Ki †Lv‡c †Lv‡c fvM Kiv evwo‡Z wKQyKvj KvUv‡jb Zuviv| KvbvMwji Kvwnbxi Pwiθ‡jv GiKgB GKwU weivU cyi‡bv evwoi cvwU©kb Kiv †QvU †QvU N‡i evm KiZ| GB evwo‡Z evm Kivi AwfÁZvI IB Dcb¨v‡m Rxeš— n‡q Av‡Q| kkx‡gvnb †Mv¯^vgx GB mg‡q wb‡R‡`i Ae¯’v GKUz ¸wQ‡q wb‡q wb‡R‡`i evmfeb wbg©v‡Yi KvR ïi“ K‡ib

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Ges 1952 wLªóvã bvMv` †Mv¯^vgx cwievi D‡V Av‡m ¯^M„‡n 47/7, B÷ GÛ cvK©, KjKvZv 39 GB wVKvbvq| eû So-SvcUvi ci cv‡qi wb‡P GKUz gvwU †c‡jb APz¨Z †Mv¯^vgx| B‡Zvg‡a¨ wZwb GK Kb¨vi RbK Ges cZœx evmš—x †`ex GK we`¨vj‡qi wk¶wqÎx| APz¨Z †Mv¯^vgx wb‡Ri fwel¨‡Zi wPš—v Ki‡jb bZzbfv‡e| e¨emv‡qi GKUv †bkv Zuvi wQj; wKš‘ mdj e¨emvqx nIqvi g‡Zv Pwi‡Îi MVb Zuvi wQj bv| Acic‡¶ cVb-cvV‡b wQj Zuvi Abvqvm AwaKvi| wZwb †jLv I cov‡kvbv ïi“ Ki‡jb Avevi| KwgDwb÷ cvwU©i m`m¨iv †`k-wefv‡MvËi cÖv_wgK Aw¯’iZv KvwU‡q Avevi msNe× n‡Z ïi“ K‡iwQ‡jb cÂv‡ki `k‡Ki KjKvZvq| Zuv‡`i msMVb, mfv-mwgwZ, cÎ-cwÎKv meB Avevi †`Lv w`‡jv| APz¨Z †Mv¯^vgxI Lye mn‡RB †jLv‡jwLi g‡a¨ wd‡i †M‡jb| wZwb wjL‡Z ïi“ Ki‡jb cÖeÜ, Dcb¨vm, Mí| cvkvcvwk GKUv wbqwgZ cvV¨cy¯—K c‡o wb‡q 1957 wLªóv‡ã AwbqwgZ cix¶v_x© iƒ‡c KjKvZv wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K Bs‡iwR fvlv I mvwn‡Z¨i øvZ‡KvËi DcvwaI AR©b K‡i wb‡jb wZwb| cÖvq m‡½ m‡½B Aa¨vcbvi KvR †c‡jb ˆeòeNvUv K‡j‡R| †mLv‡b Aíw`b covevi ci Djy‡ewoqv K‡j‡R wQ‡jb wKQyKvj| AZtci 1960-G P‡j Av‡mb weRqMo †R¨vwZl ivq gnvwe`¨vj‡q| ZZw`‡b Zuvi Dcb¨vm cÖKvwkZ n‡q †M‡Q, cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q Zuvi me©v‡c¶v ¸i“Z¡c~Y© MÖš’ evsjv Dcb¨v‡mi aviv 1958 wLªóv‡ã| Rxe‡bi †k‡l Kzwo eQi GB wk¶vqZ‡bB m¤§v‡bi m‡½ KvR K‡i‡Qb APz¨Z †Mv¯^vgx, h_vmg‡q wZwb wefvMxq cÖavb n‡qwQ‡jb| wZwb wQ‡jb mdj I QvÎermj Aa¨vcK; Qv·`i I mnKgx©‡`i Kv‡Q AZ¨š— RbwcÖq| lvU I mˇii `k‡K Zuvi Av‡iv PviwU Dcb¨vm MÖš’vKv‡i cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| wZwb wj‡L‡Qb eû cÖeÜ, Mí Ges Av‡iv Aš—Z GKwU Dcb¨vm Ñ †h¸‡jv †Kv‡bvw`b MÖš’e× n‡Z cv‡iwb| msw¶ß AvKv‡i Bs‡iwR mvwn‡Z¨i BwZe„Ë wj‡L‡Qb wZwb (cÖ_g ms¯‹iY 1962)| cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q evsjv Dcb¨v‡mi aviv MÖ‡š’i cwiewa©Z wØZxq ms¯‹iY (1968)| 1973 wLªóv‡ã GKvbœeZx© cwievi †Q‡o ¯¿x-Kb¨vmn wb‡Ri ˆZwi evwo‡Z D‡V G‡jb APz¨Z †Mv¯^vgx| 7we/1 wcKwbK Mv‡W©b, dv÷© †jb, KjKvZv-39-Gi GB evwo‡ZB evwK Rxeb wZwb emevm K‡iwQ‡jb| 1980 wLªóv‡ãi 16 gvP© evwoi Ic‡ii eviv›`v †_‡K c‡o wM‡q †mB AvNv‡ZB Zuvi AvKw¯§K g„Zz¨ nq|

cÖeÜ-PP©v Bs‡iwR mvwn‡Z¨i †gavex QvÎ APz¨Z †Mv¯^vgx dwi`cy‡ii evwo †Q‡o G‡m hLb †_‡K XvKvq _vK‡Z ïi“ K‡iwQ‡jb, ZLb †_‡KB Zuvi cÖeÜ iPbvi cÖqvm Pj‡Z _v‡K| Avgiv Av‡M e‡jwQ, mvwnZ¨-we‡k­lYg~jK cÖeÜ iPbvq Zuvi we‡kl AvMÖn wQj cÖ_g †_‡KB| G-wel‡q Avgiv GKwU NUbvi D‡j­L cvB i‡Yk `vk¸‡ßi ¯§„wZPvi‡Y| APz¨Z †Mv¯^vgxi g„Zz¨i ci weRqMo †R¨vwZl ivq K‡j‡R Av‡qvwRZ ¯§iYmfvq GB ¯§„wZPviY K‡iwQ‡jb i‡Yk `vk¸ß| Zv wjwce× Av‡Q 1980 mv‡ji weRqMo †R¨vwZl ivq K‡jR cwÎKvq| weeiY Abymv‡i †`wL, 1938 wLªóv‡ã XvKvi mycÖPvwiZ †mvbvi evsjv mvßvwnK cwÎKvi `dZ‡i GKwU cÖeÜ nv‡Z wb‡q G‡mwQ‡jb weskwZelx©q GK Zi“Y| cÖe‡Üi welq wQj eyׇ`e emyi KweZv| †mvbvi evsjvi m¤úv`K bwjbxwK‡kvi ¸n eyׇ`e emyi bvg ï‡bB †jLvwU cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡ib| eyׇ`e emyI 1938-G Zi“Y †jLK Ges AwZ AvaywbK †jLK| hLb †mB

cÖeÜ-†jLK Zi“Y wmuwo w`‡q †b‡g †h‡Z _v‡Kb, ZLb Zuv‡K G‡m ai‡jb i‡Yk `vk¸ß| wZwb ZLb †mvbvi evsjvi m‡½ hy³ GK Zi“Y Kgx©| i‡Yk `vk¸ß GBfv‡eB APz¨Z †Mv¯^vgx‡K wb‡q G‡jb wb‡R‡`i mvwnZ¨P‡µ| †mLv‡b cwVZ I Av‡jvwPZ n‡jv †mB cÖeÜ| †mB mvwnZ¨PµB wQj cÖMwZ †jLK m‡•Ni cÖv_wgK iƒc| GBfv‡eB cÖMwZ-Av‡›`vj‡bi wPš—v-fvebvi m‡½ cwiwPZ n‡jb APz¨Z †Mv¯^vgx| cV‡bi †¶‡Î duvK ivLvi Af¨vm Zuvi wQj bv| `ª“Z wZwb c‡o DV‡jb gvK©mev`x eBc‡Îi †ek wKQy Ask| Zuvi mvwnZ¨fvebv‡K bZzb `„wó‡KvY Lyu‡R wb‡Z mvnvh¨ Kij gvK©mev`| wkí-mvwnZ¨ wel‡q †mB mgq †_‡K ïi“ K‡i Avg„Zz¨ Pwj­k eQ‡ii †ewk mgq a‡i APz¨Z †Mv¯^vgx mgvR-m‡PZbZvg~jK `„wófw½wUi cÖwZ c¶cvZ KL‡bv eR©b K‡ibwb| mvwnZ¨‡K huviv mgvRZš¿ev`x wkífvebvi w`K †_‡K wePvi K‡i _v‡Kb; huv‡`i †jLvq mgvR-weeZ©b I wkím„wói Awew”Qbœ m¤úK© ¯^xK…wZ Ñ †mB †jLK‡`i g‡a¨ APz¨Z †Mv¯^vgx cÖ_g Ges cÖavb e‡j ¯^xK…Z n‡eb| 1940-G KjKvZvi myL¨vZ PZzi½ cwÎKvq Zuvi iex›`ª-Dcb¨vm welqK cÖeÜ cÖKvwkZ n‡q Zuv‡K mycwiwPZ K‡i w`‡jv| XvKvi cÖMwZ †jLK m‡•Ni mvßvwnK ˆeV‡K mvwnZ¨-Av‡jvPbv n‡Zv| e¯‘Z, cÖwZw`bB wgwjZ n‡Zb eÜziv Ñ Av‡jvPbv PjZ cÖwZw`bB| †mLv‡b Pwj­‡ki `k‡KB evsjv K_vmvwnZ¨ m¤ú‡K© wewfbœ ai‡bi fvebv-wPš—v †R‡M D‡VwQj Zuvi g‡b| Ges ZLbB evsjv Dcb¨vm wel‡q GKwU we¯—…Z cÖeÜ wZwb wj‡LwQ‡jb| †mB cÖeÜB wewfbœ cwigvR©bv I ms‡hvR‡bi ga¨ w`‡q evsjv Dcb¨v‡mi aviv bv‡g GKwU m¤ú~Y© MÖš’ n‡q D‡VwQj Ges cÖ_g cÖKvk †c‡qwQj 1958 wLªóv‡ã bZzb mvwnZ¨ feb cÖKvkbvjq †_‡K| ÔcvVfebÕ †_‡K eBwUi wØZxq cwiewa©Z ms¯‹iY cÖKvwkZ nq 1968 wLªóv‡ã| A‡bK ewa©ZK‡jei GB MÖš’ evsjv K_vmvwn‡Z¨i GKwU wewkó wiwfD n‡q Av‡Q| i‡Yk `vk¸ß wj‡L‡Qb, ÔAPz¨Z †Mv¯^vgxi GB Ôevsjv Dcb¨v‡mi avivÕ cÖK…Zc‡¶ gvK©mxq `„wó‡Z evsjv Dcb¨v‡mi wePv‡ii cÖ_g cÖqvm| MYwec­ex Afy¨Ìvb I e¨w³¯^vZ‡š¿¨i ˆewP‡Î¨i ZvwM`‡K gvK©mxq `„wó †h ci¯ú‡ii cwic~iK e‡j g‡b K‡i G‡m‡Q Zvi wecbœZvi w`b¸wj‡ZI, Zvi cÖgvY wn‡m‡e Ôevsjv Dcb¨v‡mi avivÕ‡K `vwLj Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| wØZxqZ, gvK©mxq †cÖw¶Z‡K mvg‡b †i‡L mvwnZ¨‡K wePvi Kivi ZvwM‡`i g‡a¨ †h Avš—R©v wZKZvi m‡½ m‡½ ¯^‡`‡ki gvbe-gvbex I cwi‡ek‡K cÖvavb¨ †`evi cÖ”Qbœ wb‡`©k wQj APz¨Z †Mv¯^vgx Ôevsjv Dcb¨v‡mi aviv wj‡L Zv cÖKvwkZ K‡ib|Õ (ÔcÖMwZev`x †jLK APz¨Z †Mv¯^vgxÕ, mvwnZ¨wPš—v, †g, 1980)| i‡Yk `vk¸‡ßi GB `vwe Av¶wiK A‡_© mZ¨| gvK©mev`x `„wó‡Z K_vmvwn‡Z¨i Av‡jvPbvi m~ÎcvZ KjKvZv I XvKv Ñ Dfq ¯’v‡bB Pwj­‡ki `k‡K N‡U| cwðg evsjvq AMÖYx, AiwY, gvK©mev`x, cwiPq BZ¨vw` cwÎKvq Zvi cÖKvk NU‡Z _v‡K| XvKvq µvwš—, msKjb Avi cÖwZ‡iva wQj GB Rv‡Zi cwÎKv| cwðge‡½i cwÎKv¸wj †_‡K PwqZ wKQy cÖe‡Üi GKwU msKjb cvIqv hv‡e abÄq `vk-m¤úvw`Z gvK©mev`x mvwnZ¨ weZK© bv‡gi wZb LÊ msKj‡b| cÂv‡ki `k‡K cwiPq, bZzb mvwnZ¨, PZz‡®‹vY BZ¨vw` cwÎKvq cÖevwnZ _v‡K GB aviv| GB bexb mgvRev`x `„wó‡Z mvwnZ¨-Av‡jvPbvi GKwU m¤ú~Y© MÖš’ wn‡m‡e APz¨Z †Mv¯^vgxi eBwUB evsjv fvlvq ÔcÖ_gÕ-Gi †MŠie `vwe Ki‡Z cv‡i| wØZxq MÖš’wU Aek¨B m‡ivR e‡›`¨vcva¨vq-iwPZ evsjv Dcb¨v‡mi Kvjvš—i| GB eBwUi cÖKvk 1961-†Z Ges

†jLv¸wji cÖ_g Avwef©ve cÖavbZ bZzb mvwnZ¨ cwÎKvq cÂv‡ki `k‡K| Avgiv cw_K…‡Zi gh©v`v APz¨Z †Mv¯^vgx‡K Aek¨B w`‡Z cvwi| Z‡e m‡ivR e‡›`¨vcva¨v‡qi MÖ‡š’ mgvR, mgq I e¨w³ m¤ú‡K©i g‡a¨ †h M~pZi eÜb cÖwZfvZ n‡q‡Q wVK ZZUvB †bB APz¨Z †Mv¯^vgxi †jLvq| †gv‡Ui Ici weeiYvZ¥K fw½‡ZB wZwb wj‡L‡Qb| fvlvi cÖvÄjZv Zuvi †jLvi Ab¨Zg ˆewkó¨| wØZxq ms¯‹iYwU‡Z mgvR-Aw¯—Z¡ I e¨w³gvb‡mi m¤úK©‡K wZwb A‡bK †ewk we‡k­lYx `„wó‡Z †`‡L‡Qb I Zv e¨vL¨v K‡i‡Qb| evsjv K_vmvwn‡Z¨ AvMÖnx †h-†Kv‡bv cvV‡Ki Kv‡QB Aek¨cVbxq APz¨Z †Mv¯^vgxi evsjv Dcb¨v‡mi aviv| wZwb Bs‡iwR mvwn‡Z¨i QvÎ I Aa¨vcK wQ‡jb| Avš—R©vwZK mvwn‡Z¨i evZvei‡Y evsjv Dcb¨vm‡K Dc¯’vwcZ Kivi w`KwUI Avgiv Zuvi GB iPbvq †c‡q hvB| cvwievwiK wech©q Ñ hvi D™¢e N‡UwQj †`kwefv‡Mi d‡j Ñ APz¨Z †Mv¯^vgxi †jLvi MwZ wKQyUv i“× K‡i| cÂv‡ki `k‡Ki †kl I lv‡Ui `k‡K wZwb Avevi be-D`¨v‡g †jLvi RM‡Z wd‡i Av‡mb Ges eûai‡bi cÖeÜ wjL‡Z _v‡Kb mvgwqK cwÎKvq| Avgiv h_vmva¨ Zvi GKwU ZvwjKv w`w”Q Z‡e LyeB Am¤ú~Y© GB mÜvb| D‡j­L¨, †h-†Kv‡bv welq wb‡qB (mvwnZ¨ I mgvRB welq) cÖeÜ iwPZ †nvK bv †Kb, Zuvi `„wófw½i ¯^”QZv, mgvR-jMœZv Ges cÖMwZevw`Zv memg‡qB wQj A¶zYœ| lv‡Ui `k‡K APz¨Z †Mv¯^vgx kwbev‡ii wPwV cwÎKvi m‡½ hy³ n‡qwQ‡jb| kwbev‡ii wPwVi `„wófw½‡Z A‡bK w`‡KB i¶YkxjZv Ñ GgbwK cÖMwZwegyLZv _vK‡jI evRvwi-mvwnZ¨ Ges AwZ AvaywbK gvÎvÁvbnxbZvi m¤ú‡K© †h GKwU cÖwZev` _vKZ Zvi Øviv †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv evgcš’x †jLK GB cwÎKvwUi cÖwZ AvK…ó n‡qwQ‡jb| mrmvwnZ¨‡K kwbev‡ii wPwV A‡bK mg‡qB mnvqZv`vb K‡i‡Q Ges mvwnZ¨ wb‡q evwYR¨ Kiv cÖwZôvb¸wji m‡½ mn‡R wgwjZ n‡Z cv‡ib bv Ñ Ggb A‡bK †jLK‡K A‡bK mg‡q cÖKv‡ki g w`‡q‡Q Ñ G-mZ¨I we¯§„Z nIqv DwPZ bq| bvivqY M‡½vcva¨vq ev cwigj †Mv¯^vgx‡K wVK evgcš’x ejv bv †M‡jI †Mvcvj nvj`vi Ges APz¨Z †Mv¯^vgxi GKmgq wbqwgZ ms‡hvM wQj GB cwÎKvi m‡½| APz¨Z †Mv¯^vgx kwbev‡ii wPwV‡Z Ges Ab¨ cwÎKv‡ZI Ôweµgvw`Z¨ nvRivÕ GB QÙbv‡g Ges ¯^bv‡gI †ekwKQy cÖeÜ I Av‡jvPbv wj‡L‡Qb| Zvi wKQy msw¶ß weeiY w`w”Q|

GK. mv¤cÖwZKKv‡ji HwZnvwmK Dcb¨vm Ñ mßwl©, kvi`xq msL¨v 1959 HwZnvwmK Dcb¨vm wb‡q evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ A‡bK Av‡jvPbv Av‡Q| Zvi g‡a¨I GwU wewkó| DׄwZ fvivµvš— bv K‡i mnR fvlvq wKš‘ we‡k­lY‡K mijxK…Z n‡Z bv w`‡q wZwb AvaywbK HwZnvwmK Dcb¨v‡mi j¶Y I wmw× Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb| wegj wg‡Îi mv‡ne wewe †Mvjvg, bvivqY M‡½vcva¨v‡qi c`mÂvi, Zvivk¼‡ii ivav, cÖg_bv_ wekxi †Kix mv‡n‡ei gyÝx Ñ GB PviwU Dcb¨v‡mi Av‡jvPbvq Zzjbvg~jK we‡k­l‡Yi my›`i AeKvk ˆZwi K‡i wb‡q‡Qb †jLK| Dcb¨vm¸wj‡K wZwb cÖksmvB K‡i‡Qb| ΓwUi w`KI †`wL‡q‡Qb wKQyUv| Zuvi g‡Z, cÖ_gbv_ wekxi Dcb¨vmwUB †kªô| G-wel‡q nq‡Zv gZcv_©K¨ NU‡e Avgv‡`i m‡½| Zvivk¼‡ii ivav Dcb¨v‡mi RvZ Ab¨ wZbwUi †_‡K wKQyUv Avjv`v| †kªôZvi wePv‡iI m¤¢eZ A‡b‡K ivav‡K AMÖ-Avmb †`‡eb|

`yB. Lvivc mvwn‡Z¨i msÁv Ñ mßwl©, kvi`xq msL¨v 1968 GB cÖe‡Ü mgKvjxb RbwcÖq mvwn‡Z¨i j¶Y wb‡q Av‡jvPbv

35

K‡i‡Qb †jLK| wm‡bgv Kxfv‡e K_vmvwnZ¨‡K wec‡_ PvwjZ Ki‡Q Zvi w`K wb‡`©k K‡i‡Qb| Lvivc mvwn‡Z¨i D`vniY wn‡m‡e Aea~Z, RivmÜ Avi kw³c` ivR¸i“i bvg D‡j­L K‡i‡Qb wZwb|

wZb. mvgwqK mvwn‡Z¨i gRwjk (weµgvw`Z¨ nvRiv bv‡g wjwLZ) Ñ kwbev‡ii wPwV, gvN 1369 (Rvbyqvwi 1963) mvgwqK mvwnZ¨ wb‡q †hme we`ªƒc-Zx¶è Ges AvµgYvZ¥K †jLv cÖKvwkZ n‡Zv kwbev‡ii wPwV‡Z Ñ GB iPbv ZviB Aš—M©Z| cwÎKv m¤úv`‡Ki `„wó‡KvY †jLK‡`i A‡bK mg‡q cÖfvweZ K‡i Ñ GB †jLvwU Zvi `„óvš—| GKvwaK mv¤cÖwZK †jLvi mgv‡jvPbv Ges †mB me †jLvi evQv-evQv Ask Zz‡j †`evi aibwU wKQy D‡Ïk¨cÖ‡Yvw`Z n‡q c‡o| GB ai‡bi †jLv ¯^bv‡g wjL‡Z Pvbwb APz¨Z †Mv¯^vgx, Zv QÙbvg MÖn‡YB cwiùzU| Zey wZwb †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv †jLvi cÖksmvI K‡i‡Qb| mgv‡jvP‡Ki mZZv Avi cwÎKv-m¤úv`‡Ki wb‡`©‡ki g‡a¨ GKUv Ø›Ø nq‡Zv GB me †jLvq Abyfe Kiv hv‡e|

Pvi. evsjv Dcb¨v‡mi fwel¨r (weµgvw`Z¨ nvRiv) Ñ kwbev‡ii wPwV, fv`ª 1371 (AvM÷ 1964) GB †jLvwU Mfxi we‡k­lYg~jK| mvwnZ¨ZË¡ wb‡q †ek wKQyUv Av‡jvPbv Av‡Q GB `xN© †jLvwU‡Z| cÖavbZ GwU Dcb¨vm wel‡q ZvwË¡K Av‡jvPbv| cvðvZ¨ mgv‡jvP‡Ki gZvg‡Zi cÖvmw½KZvq †jLvwU g~j¨evb| †µv‡P, AvB. G. wiPvW©m cÖgyL †jL‡Ki D‡j­L Av‡Q cÖeÜwU‡Z|

cuvP. wZb UzK‡iv †mvbv (weµgvw`Z¨ nvRiv) Ñ kwbev‡ii wPwV, ˆekvL 1372 (GwcÖj 1965)

jNy wPË-we‡bv`‡bi cÖZ¨vkx AvaywbK cvVK| †jLvwU wPš—v D‡`ªKKvix| †`Lv hv‡”Q kwbev‡ii wPwVi cÖ‡qvR‡b, weµgvw`Z¨ nvRivi Rb¥ n‡jI APz¨Z †Mv¯^vgxi Mfxi we‡k­lYx mvwnZ¨ Av‡jvPbvi cÖeYZv‡K weµgvw`Z¨ nvRiv civ¯— Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb|

AvU. ivM Ki‡eb bv Ñ evbv‡bv Mí (weµgvw`Z¨ nvRiv) Ñ kwbev‡ii wPwV, Avlvp 1373 (Ryb-RyjvB, 1966) mv¤cÖwZK †jLK I †jLv wb‡q GKwU mim ig¨iPbv| me †jLKB ¯^‡M© wM‡q j²x‡`exi (A_©vr a‡bvcvR©‡bi) Avivabvq Db¥yL Ñ GB n‡jv welqe¯‘| MfxiZv †bB; wKš‘ mim, eyw×gvwR©Z Ges Dc‡fvM¨| gvÎvQvov AvµgY, Am~qv ev e¨½-we`ªƒ‡ci AvwZkh¨ †bB| cwinvm-D¾¡j iPbv| gwjb-embv, ¤­vbgyL †`ex mi¯^Zx‡K †KD cy‡Rv w`‡”Qb bv| wKš‘ nVvr bvivqY M‡½vcva¨vq G‡m Zuv‡KI cy‡Rv w`‡jb| hw`I wZwb j²x I Kz‡ei‡KI cy‡Rv w`‡q‡Qb| KviY wn‡m‡e wZwb e‡jb Ñ ÔIiv GLb cvIqv‡i i‡q‡Qb Ñ Iu‡`i cy‡Rv bv w`‡j wK P‡j? wKš‘ gv mi¯^Zx Avcbv‡KI Avwg cy‡Rv †`e| ejv †Zv hvq bv, AvR ev‡` Kvj Avcwb †h cvIqv‡i hv‡eb bv G-K_v †K ej‡Z cv‡i?Õ

bq. bZzb miKvi I evsjv mvwnZ¨ Ñ kwbev‡ii wPwV, dvêyb 1373 (†deª“qvwi-gvP©, 1967) ivRavbx I mvwn‡Z¨i m¤úK© GLv‡b we‡k­l‡Yi g~j m~Î| Ks‡MÖwm miKv‡ii cZb I cÖ_g hy³d«›U miKvi MV‡bi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z Av‡jvPbvwUi mgmvgwqK g~j¨ LyeB wbweo| †h-mveavbevYx wZwb d«›U miKvi m¤ú‡K© D”PviY K‡i‡Qb Zv mvwnZ¨ I ivóªcÖkvm‡bi wPiKvjxb RwUj m¤úK©wU‡K Ly‡j †`wL‡q‡Q|

`k. GKv‡ji mvwnZ¨wPš—v Ñ DËiY, †m‡Þ¤^i 1968

my‡eva †Nv‡li Ômy›`ig&Õ, bvivqY M‡½vcva¨v‡qi Ô†UvcÕ Avi b‡i›`ªbv_ wg‡Îi ÔimÕ Ñ GB wZbwU †QvUM‡íi wbweo imMÖvnx Av‡jvPbv GB cÖeÜwU| Av‡Mi cÖeÜwU‡Z AvB. G. wiPvW©‡mi we‡k­lY-c×wZ m¤ú‡K© my›`i Av‡jvPbv Avgiv †c‡qwQjvg| GLv‡b †QvUMí wePv‡i GB ixwZi cÖ‡qvM wKQyUv NwU‡q‡Qb †jLK| 1965 wLªóv‡ã G-RvZxq Av‡jvPbvi ixwZ evsjv mgv‡jvPbv-mvwn‡Z¨ †Zgb wQj bv|

ÔGKv‡ji mvwnZ¨wPš—vÕ cÖe‡Ü †Qv‡Uv cwÎKv‡K †K›`ª K‡i gvK©mev`x wPš—v GB mg‡q lv‡Ui `k‡K Kxfv‡e cÖKvk cv‡”Q Zv wb‡q APz¨Z †Mv¯^vgxi fvebv wjwce×| PZz‡®‹vY I b›`b cwÎKvi bvg K‡i‡Qb| bZzb mvwn‡Z¨i bvg K‡ibwb| Zv wK GRb¨ †h, lv‡Ui `k‡Ki †k‡l bZzb mvwnZ¨ wKQyUv MZvbyMwZK cwÎKvi †Pnviv †c‡qwQj?

Qq. Rxebi‡mi iƒcKvi g‡bvR emy Ñ kwbev‡ii wPwV, ˆekvL 1372 (GwcÖj 1965)

GMv‡iv. `ywU mv¤cÖwZK Kve¨msKjb Ñ DËiY, †g 1970

c~‡e©v³ msL¨vwU‡ZB cÖKvwkZ GB cÖeÜ| g‡bvR emy‡K wb‡q GK cÖk¯— Av‡jvPbv| g‡bvR emyi †jLv APz¨Z †Mv¯^vgxi wcÖq wQj Ñ Av‡jvPbvq Zv Abyfe Kiv hvq| g‡bvR emy evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ Lye †ewk Av‡jvwPZ nbwb| Zuvi †jLvi ¸‡Yi w`K †hgb Av‡Q, †Zgwb NvUwZI Av‡Q wKQy| APz¨Z †Mv¯^vgx †gv‡Ui Ici g‡bvR emyi †jLvi mv_©KZvi w`K¸wjiB D‡j­L K‡i‡Qb|

ex‡i›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq Ges AmxgK…ò `Ë-m¤úvw`Z h_vµ‡g Lvov cvnvo †e‡q (†jwbb‡K wb‡ew`Z KweZv msKjb) Ges k‡m¨i wfZ‡i †iŠ`ª (†nv-wP-wg‡bi D‡Ï‡k wb‡ew`Z KweZv msKjb) Ñ eB `ywUi mgv‡jvPbv| Lye bZzb K_v †bB| cÖZ¨vwkZ cÖksmvB Av‡Q mgv‡jvPbvq| Zey cÖwZev`x KweZvi cÖwZ †jL‡Ki AbyivM †jLvwU‡Z cÖvY mÂvi K‡i‡Q|

mvZ, mvwn‡Z¨i msKU (weµgvw`Z¨ nvRiv) Ñ kwbev‡ii wPwV, gvN 1372 (Rvbyqvwi 1966)

ev‡iv. AvaywbK evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i nvjPvj Ñ mvwnZ¨wPš—v, kir 1380 (kvi`xq 1973)

mvwn‡Z¨i mv¤cÖwZK msKU¸wj we‡k­lY K‡i‡Qb †jLK| Zuvi g‡Z, AvaywbK mrmvwn‡Z¨i Pvi kΓ Ñ miKvwi I †emiKvwi cyi¯‹vi cÖ`vb wmm&‡Ug; wm‡bgv; e¨emvq gb¯‹ cÖKvkKKzj Ges

AvaywbKKv‡ji gbbkxj I wRÁvmy cvVK‡`i D‡j­L K‡i‡Qb †jLK| fvlv I iPbv‰kjxi w`K †_‡K GKv‡ji mvwnZ¨ Av‡MKvi mvwn‡Z¨i †P‡q cwiYZ Ñ G-K_v e‡j‡Qb wZwb|

36

†Z‡iv. mv¤cÖwZK evsjv Dcb¨vm Ñ mvwnZ¨wPš—v, †m‡Þ¤^i 1974 e‡ov †jLv| cuv‡Pi `kK †_‡K ga¨ mËi ch©š— Dcb¨v‡mi weeiY| Z‡e e³e¨ †gv‡Ui Ici RbwcÖq avivi mgv‡jvPbv Kivi w`‡KB Szu‡K c‡o‡Q| evgcš’x avivi cÖqv‡mi cÖksmv K‡i‡Qb wZwb| bbx †fŠwgK, †Mvcvj nvj`vi, mg‡ik emy, mykxj Rvbvi D‡j­L Av‡Q| wKš‘ KgjKzgvi gRyg`vi ev gnv‡k¦Zv †`exi g‡Zv Jcb¨vwmK †h wb‡R‡`i cÖwZwôZ K‡i P‡j‡Qb, †m-wel‡q APz¨Z †Mv¯^vgx m‡PZb wQ‡jb e‡j g‡b nq bv| mZxbv_ fv`yox I Amxg ivq‡K wb‡q g~j¨evb Av‡jvPbv Av‡Q|

†PŠÏ. kirP‡›`ªi ÔwecÖ`vmÕ Ñ mvwnZ¨wPš—v, ˆekvL 1383 (1976) GB Dcb¨vm‡K †jLK e‡j‡Qb gnr Jcb¨vwm‡Ki Amv_©K m„wó| kªxKzgvi e‡›`¨vcva¨vq I AwRZKzgvi †Nv‡li g‡Zv mvwnZ¨ Av‡jvP‡Kiv GB Dcb¨v‡mi cÖksmv K‡i‡Qb e‡j Zuv‡`i GKUz mgv‡jvPbvI K‡i‡Qb APz¨Z †Mv¯^vgx|

c‡b‡iv. fvlv cÖm½ Ñ ùzwj½ (weRqMo †R¨vwZl ivq K‡jR cwÎKv) 1977-78 miKv‡ii fvlv-bxwZ Ges gnvwe`¨vjq ¯—‡i fvlv wk¶vi ¸i“Z¡ n«vm Kivi wel‡q GKwU cÖwZev`x I ¶zä cÖeÜ|

†lv‡jv. evgcš’x mvwnZ¨ : wZb `k‡Ki AwfÁZv Ñ mvwnZ¨wPš—v, †g 1977 cÖe‡Üi iPbvKv‡ji c~e©eZx© wZb `k‡K evgcš’x mvwn‡Z¨i MwZ-cÖK…wZ, ˆewkó¨, mvgvwRK cwi‡ek, msKU I cÖeYZv wb‡q LyeB wPš—v D‡`ªKKvix GKwU cÖeÜ| evgcš’x mvwnZ¨‡K wPiKvjxb mvwnZ¨avivi Aš—fy©³ iƒ‡c Abyfe Kivi cÖ‡qvRbxqZvi K_v e‡j‡Qb †jLK|

m‡Z‡iv. evgcš’x mvwnZ¨ : wZb `k‡Ki AwfÁZv Ñ mvwnZ¨wPš—v, †m‡Þ¤^i 1977 Av‡Mi †jLvwUi avivevwnKZv GB cÖe‡Ü| `ywU msL¨v a‡i cÖKvwkZ, †gvUvgywU `xN© GB †jLvwU wVK GB gyn~‡Z© hLb mvwn‡Z¨i wkwei¸wj AbeiZ fvO‡Q Avi bZzb K‡i ˆZwi n‡”Q; wgj‡Q Avevi m‡i hv‡”Q, ZLb LyeB ¸i“Z¡c~Y© e‡j g‡b nq|

AvVv‡iv. Dcb¨vm cÖm‡½ Ñ mvwnZ¨wPš—v, †g 1978 i‡Yk `vk¸ß-iwPZ Dcb¨v‡mi wkíiƒc MÖ‡š’i mgv‡jvPbv| wKš‘ g~j MÖš’ Avi mgv‡jvPK Df‡qiB iPbv-DrK‡l©i Kvi‡Y †jLvwU GKwU fv‡jv cÖe‡Üi gh©v`v †c‡q‡Q| Aí cwim‡ii g‡a¨ BD‡ivcxq mvwn‡Z¨i Aš—g©Mœ fvl¨ixwZi Dcb¨vm m¤ú‡K© g~j¨evb Av‡jvPbv Av‡Q|

Dwbk. gvK©mev`x mvwnZ¨-weZK© Ñ mvwnZ¨wPš—v, †g 1980 abÄq `vk-m¤úvw`Z gvK©mev`x mvwnZ¨-weZK© MÖš’wUi cÖ_g LÊ wb‡q GKwU `xN© Av‡jvPbv GB †jLvwU| cÖKvwkZ nq APz¨Z †Mv¯^vgxi g„Zz¨i c‡i| g~j MÖ‡š’i welqe¯‘ n‡jv, evsjvq gvK©mev`x wPš—vi cÖmvi I †mB m~‡Î wewfbœ weZK©g~jK cÖe‡Üi

msKjb| abÄq `v‡ki †jLv GKwU Z_¨eûj I mymsnZ f~wgKvI Av‡Q MÖ‡š’| GB evZvei‡Yi m‡½ `xN©Kv‡ji cwiPq wQj APz¨Z †Mv¯^vgxi| wkí-mvwn‡Z¨i gvK©mev`x ZË¡ wb‡qI †f‡ewQ‡jb `xN©Kvj a‡i| GB `yB‡qi mw¤§j‡b Av‡jvPbvwU DrK…ó I mywPwš—Z cÖe‡Üi Aeqe jvf K‡i‡Q| abÄq `v‡ki gyLeÜwUi msMZ cÖkw¯—I wjwce× K‡i‡Qb †jLK| gvK©mev`x mvwnZ¨wPš—vi w`K †_‡K cÖeÜwU evievi cvV‡hvM¨| mvwn‡Z¨i D‡Ïk¨g~jKZvi cÖm½wU we‡klfv‡e Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q GB cÖe‡Ü| G Qvov APz¨Z †Mv¯^vgx bvD (Now) Ges d«w›Uqvi (Frontier) cwÎKvq Bs‡iwR‡Z wKQy wKQy †jLv wj‡L‡Qb Ñ †m¸wj GLv‡b Av‡jvwPZ n‡jv bv| µvwš— Avi cÖwZ‡iva cwÎKvi †jLv¸wjI GLv‡b Abywj­wLZ iBj| cwðge‡½ GB `ywU cwÎKv cvBwb| hw` evsjv‡`k _v‡K Zvn‡j †KD †m¸wji cÖwZwjwc cvVv‡j K…ZÁ _vKe| †e`bvi m‡½ Avgiv †`wL, wb‡Ri cvwievwiK Ges A_©‰bwZK cwiw¯’wZ‡Z wKQyUv msnwZ wb‡q G‡m hLb bvbv ai‡bi †jLvq Mfxifv‡e g‡bvwb‡ek K‡iwQ‡jb APz¨Z †Mv¯^vgx Ñ wVK ZLbB Zuvi cÖqvY NUj| APz¨Z †Mv¯^vgxi cÖe‡Üi K‡qKwU ˆewkó¨ D‡j­L‡hvM¨ LyeB| †hgb Ñ GK. APz¨Z †Mv¯^vgx DׄwZeûj, Lye fvwi ai‡bi A¨vKv‡WwgK cÖeÜ wjL‡Zb bv| wKš‘ Lye ÔccyjviÕ ai‡bi †jLvI wjL‡Z cvi‡Zb bv wZwb| mijfv‡e wb‡Ri e³e¨‡K MfxiZi ¯—‡i wb‡q †h‡Z cvi‡Zb| gbbx we‡k­l‡Y †h-†Kv‡bv †jLv‡K m~²Zv I `xwß w`‡Z cvi‡Zb| GRb¨ Zuvi †jLvq cÖmbœ cvV‡hvM¨Zv, wePvieywׇK Z…ß Kievi ¶gZv Ges mvwn‡Z¨i im‡eva‡K RvwM‡q †Zvjvi KzkjZv Ñ GB wZ‡bi wgkªY memg‡qB _vKZ| `yB. mv¤cÖwZK mvwnZ¨-wel‡q me©`vB wZwb AewnZ wQ‡jb| KL‡bv mgKvjxb mRxe mvwnZ¨aviv †_‡K wb‡R‡K wew”Qbœ K‡ibwb| wZb. Zuvi ¯^fv‡e GK weij wbi‡c¶Zv ¸Y wQj| ivR‰bwZK gZev` KL‡bv mvwnZ¨ wel‡q Zuvi mZZv-mgy¾¡j wbi‡c¶Zv‡K e¨vnZ Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| Pvi. ivRbxwZ, mgvRZš¿ev`, gvK©mxq mvwnZ¨wPš—v wel‡qI Zuvi gb wQj AM©jgy³| bZzb hy‡Mi Av‡jvq wPš—v‡K hvPvB K‡i wb‡Zb wZwb me mg‡q| gvK©mev`x wkí-mvwnZ¨ZË¡ wel‡q cÖkœI Zz‡j‡Qb mˇii `k‡K †jLv cÖe‡Ü| wKš‘ mrmvwnZ¨ †h mgvRgyLx n‡e Ñ G-wek¦vmI KL‡bv Zuvi fv‡Owb| e¨emvwqKZv I jNy we‡bv`‡bi Kv‡R wkí-mvwnZ¨‡K e¨envi Kivi wec‡¶ wQ‡jb wPiKvjB| APz¨Z †Mv¯^vgx GKRb K_vmvwnwZ¨KI wQ‡jb| cuvPwU MÖš’vKv‡i cÖKvwkZ Dcb¨vm Av‡Q Zuvi| MÖš’vKv‡i AcÖKvwkZ Dcb¨vmI GKwU †`‡LwQ| †Qv‡UvMí wj‡L‡Qb Aš—Z `k-ev‡ivwU| cÎ-cwÎKv msiw¶Z bv _vKvq †m¸wj cvIqv `yiƒn| Z‡e Zuvi †Kv‡bv MíMÖš’ cÖKvwkZ nqwb| K_vmvwnwZ¨K APz¨Z †Mv¯^vgx m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv evivš—‡ii Rb¨ Zz‡j †i‡L cÖvewÜK APz¨Z †Mv¯^vgx m¤ú‡K© GB msw¶ß Av‡jvPbvq Zuvi cÖe‡Üi cÖK…Z g~j¨ I DrKl© wVKg‡Zv †evSv‡bv m¤¢e n‡jv bv| Zey GB K_v Avev‡iv e‡j †kl Kiv hvq Ñ evsjv Dcb¨v‡mi aviv evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i cvVK‡`i Kv‡Q cÖvq Avewk¨K Av‡jvPbvMÖš’| GB MÖ‡š’i cybgy©`ªY cÖ‡qvRb| Zuvi Ab¨vb¨ cÖe‡Üi GKwU msKjbI nIqv DwPZ GLbB| 

37

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38

wói m~PbvjMœ †_‡KB hy× gvby‡li wPim½x| ag©hy×, †Mvjv‡ci hy×, gmjvi hy×, kZe‡l©i hy×, cwiÎv‡Yi hy×, mf¨Zvi msNvZ Ñ Ggb KZ bv‡gB bv Avgiv hy× K‡i P‡jwQ mf¨Zvi †mB m~PbvKvj †_‡K| cÖwZwU hy‡× AMwYZ cÖvYnvwb Avi m¤ú‡`i XvjvI AcPq Avgv‡`i we‡eK‡K mvgwqKfv‡e bvov w`‡q †M‡jI Aí‡ZB Avgiv AveviI fy‡j hvB †mB wk¶v Ges bZzb K‡i wjß nB aŸs‡mi †Ljvq| wesk kZvãx‡Z wek¦Ry‡o ZvÊe-¶q¶wZ wb‡q Avmv `ywU wek¦hy× †_‡KI †Kv‡bv wk¶vB Avgiv jvf Kwiwb| G-Kvi‡YB me©MÖvmx `ywU wek¦hy‡×i ¯§„wZ gvby‡li gb †_‡K nvwi‡q bv †h‡ZB Avev‡iv ïi“ n‡q wM‡qwQj Ggb GK hy‡×i cÖ¯‘wZ, hvi weaŸsmx ¶gZv we‡k¦i Aw¯—Z¡‡K GLb ch©š— K‡i Zzj‡Q msKUvcbœ| Ab¨w`‡K Avevi msKUgq GB we‡k¦ mvR mvR ie Zz‡j hy‡× hvIqvi cÖ¯‘wZ †_‡K ev` _v‡Kwb we‡k¦i †Kv‡bv ivóªB| bvMwiK‡`i Rb¨ `y‡ejv A‡bœi ms¯’vb Ki‡Z bv cviv †`kI Afy³ †_‡K n‡jI M‡o Zzj‡Q A‡¯¿i fvÊvi, ˆZwi n‡”Q bv †L‡q _vK‡Z n‡jI Ab¨‡K DwPZ wk¶v †`Iqvi cÖ¯‘wZ MÖn‡Y| cvwK¯—v‡bi GK LjbvqK †Zv GKmgq `‡¤¢i m‡½B e‡jwQ‡jb, Nvm †L‡q w`bhvcb Ki‡Z n‡jI AvYweK †evgvi gvwjK Zvi †`k‡K Aek¨B n‡Z n‡e| wesk kZvãxi mePvB‡Z ej`myjf Dw³ wn‡m‡e GUv‡K wbtm‡›`‡n AvL¨vwqZ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| AvYweK †evgvi gvwjK †m-†`k Aek¨B n‡q D‡V‡Q| Z‡e GZUvB Pig g~j¨ †`kwU‡K w`‡Z n‡q‡Q †h, gvby‡li ¶zav-gyw³ Avi wbivc` w`bhvcb wbwðZ Ki‡Z GLb ch©š— wngwkg †L‡Z n‡”Q †`‡ki GKv‡ji †bZv‡`i| wek¦Ry‡o hy×cÖ¯‘wZi GB mvR mvR i‡ei gy‡L wKQyw`b Av‡M ch©š—I GKgvÎ e¨wZµgx ivóª wQj Rvcvb| Rvcv‡bi wØZxq wek¦hy×-cieZx© msweav‡b hy× cwinv‡ii cwi®‹vi A½xKvi hy³ _vKvq

Kwe AvwK‡Kv BImv‡bv I Zuvi KweZv

A‡bKUv Aš—Z gyLi¶vi LvwZ‡i n‡jI †`‡ki ivR‰bwZK †bZ…Z¡‡K mivmwi hy×cÖ¯‘wZ Gwo‡q Pj‡Z n‡q‡Q| Z‡e G-K_v †Zv Avgv‡`i ARvbv bq †h, GKwU †`k †Kej ZLbB mvR mvR ie Zz‡j hy‡×i cÖ¯‘wZ wb‡Z ïi“ K‡i, hLb †`kwUi A_©bxwZ‡K KwVb Ae¯’vi gy‡L G‡m `uvov‡Z nq| MZ kZvãxi `ywU wek¦hy‡×i m~Pbv †Zv †miKg A_©‰bwZK msKU †_‡KB| Gi Av‡Mi Avi c‡ii meiKg hy‡×i wnmve-wbKv‡ki †cQ‡bI Av‡Q A‡b¨i m¤ú‡` fvM emv‡bvi ga¨ w`‡q wb‡Ri c‡KU fvix K‡i †bIqvi evmbv| Aí wKQyw`b Av‡Mi †h-BivKhy× GLb ch©š— cy‡iv AÂj‡K cÖvq c½y K‡i ivL‡Q, Zvi †cQ‡bI †Zv Av‡Q A_©bxwZi jvf-¶wZi mywbw`©ó wnmve-wbKvk| Rvcv‡bi A_©bxwZi ¯^v¯’¨ cÖvq `yB hyM a‡i Lye GKUv fv‡jv hv‡”Q bv| beŸB‡qi `k‡Ki ïi“i w`‡K A_©bxwZi K…wÎg eyØy` †d‡U covi ci †_‡K ïi“ nIqv cZbkxj aviv ax‡i †`kwU‡K bvwg‡q G‡b‡Q AvKvkPz¤^x Ae¯’vb †_‡K gvwUi KvQvKvwQ| d‡j A_©bxwZi cZbgyLx avivi m‡½ m¤úwK©Z mgm¨vewj Ñ †hgb †eKvi RbmsL¨v e„w× cvIqv, eo kni¸‡jv‡Z M„nnxb gvby‡li ev·-evwo mn‡RB `„wó‡MvPi n‡q-IVv, †eZb KvVv‡gvq w¯’Zve¯’v †`Lv †`Iqv, LÊKvjxb mg‡qi Kgx©‡`i Ici evwYwR¨K cÖwZôv‡bi e¨vcK wbf©ikxjZv Ges mvgvwRK Ae¶‡qi bvbviKg w`K µgk `„k¨gvb n‡q-IVv Ñ Gi meB GLb Rvcv‡bi mgv‡R mn‡RB †Pv‡L co‡Q| weMZ K‡qKwU miKv‡ii †bIqv bvbviKg c`‡¶cI cv‡iwb †`k‡K †mB msK‡Ui Pµ †_‡K †ei K‡i Avb‡Z| Rvcv‡bi eZ©gvb cÖavbgš¿x eQi`y‡qK Av‡M ¶gZvmxb nIqvi mgq A_©bxwZ‡K Pv½v K‡i †Zvjvi †h cÖwZkÖ“wZi K_v bvMwiK‡`i ïwb‡qwQ‡jb, Zvi ev¯—e †Kv‡bviKg cÖwZdjb ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b GL‡bv †`Lv hv‡”Q bv| d‡j cÖavbgš¿x wb‡RB GLb eis `„wó GKUz Ab¨w`‡K Nywi‡q wb‡q evqexq kΓi AvMg‡bi m¤¢vebvi welqwU RbM‡Yi mvg‡b Zz‡j a‡i A`„k¨ †mB kΓi m¤¢ve¨ nvgjvi gy‡L bvMwiK Rxeb i¶vi Z_vKw_Z

†`k‡cÖgx `vwqZ¡ cvj‡b A‡bK †ewk K‡i wb‡qvwRZ n‡”Qb| Gi d‡j Avgiv GLb †`LwQ †h, wØZxq wek¦hy‡× †kvPbxq civRqeiY K‡i †bIqvi cÖvq mvZ `kK ci Avev‡iv hy×mv‡R mw¾Z n‡”Q Rvcvb|

`yB Rvcv‡bi ¶gZvmxb †RvU Ges cÖavbgš¿x wkb‡Rv Av‡e †`k‡K hy‡×i w`‡K †V‡j †`Iqvi †h-D‡`¨vM msweav‡bi e¨vL¨v e`‡ji wm×v‡š—i g‡a¨ w`‡q wb‡q‡Qb, Rvcv‡b A‡b‡KB †mUv‡K hy×-cÖ¯‘wZi cuvqZviv wn‡m‡e MY¨ Ki‡Qb Ges miKv‡ii †mB wm×v‡š—i wei“‡× †mv”Pvi cÖwZev` Rvbv‡Z ivRc‡_ †b‡g G‡m‡Qb| miKvwi wm×vš— wb‡q ¶gZvmxb †Rv‡Ui g‡a¨ Av‡jvPbv Avi †`b-`ievi Pj‡Z _vKvi †kl w`b¸‡jv‡Z, A_©vr Ry‡bi †kl mßv‡ni cy‡iv mgq Ry‡o, cÖavbgš¿xi miKvwi evmfe‡bi mvg‡bi moK n‡q D‡VwQj †hb cÖwZev`-mgv‡e‡ki Zx_©f~wg| nvRv‡iv RbZv †mLv‡b R‡ov n‡q †Kb Zviv miKvwi D‡`¨v‡Mi we‡ivwaZv Ki‡Qb, †m-evZ©v †`‡ki bxwZwba©viK‡`i Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q w`‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb| RbZvi †mB KvZv‡i AZx‡Z GKmgq hy‡×i fqvenZvi AwfÁZv nIqv e„ׇ`i cvkvcvwk Zi“Y‡`i Dcw¯’wZI wQj †Pv‡L covi g‡Zv| G Qvov †`‡ki Ab¨vb¨ A‡bK kn‡iI †mB w`b¸‡jv‡Z w`bfi PjwQj we‡¶vf-mgv‡ek| Z‡e `j‡eu‡a c‡_ †b‡g Avmv GiKg cÖwZev`Kvix‡`i g‡a¨ me‡P‡q e¨wZµgx gvbylwU wQ‡jb my¨U-†KvU Mv‡q Pvwc‡q GKv RbZvi `„wó AvKl©‡Yi †Póv K‡i hvIqv ga¨eqmx GK cyi“l, Rvcv‡bi ivRavbxi e¨¯—Zg GjvKv wkbRyKz †÷k‡bi evB‡ii c_Pvix cvivcv‡ii †mZzi Ici `uvwo‡q wb‡Ri †`‡n †c‡Uªvj †X‡j AvZ¥vûwZi †Póv whwb Pvwj‡qwQ‡jb| cywjk Aek¨ AwMœ`» †mB e¨w³‡K †mLvb †_‡K Zz‡j wb‡q hvq Ges Gici †_‡K Zuv‡K wb‡q msev`gva¨‡g wKQyw`b a‡i Pj‡Z _v‡K bvbviKg KvbvNylv Avi wdmdvm|

39

msweav‡bi e¨vL¨v-e`‡ji weZwK©Z wm×v‡š—i mg_©K wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ msev`cÎ I †iwWI-†Uwjwfkb †mB e¨w³i cwiPq Zz‡j ai‡Z wM‡q Zuv‡K AvL¨vwqZ K‡i‡Q Ggb GKRb weK…Z gw¯—‡®‹i gvbyl wn‡m‡e, RbRxeb wewNœZ K‡i wb‡Ri w`‡K `„wó AvK…ó Ki‡ZB wbR †`‡n whwb Av¸b jvwM‡qwQ‡jb| Z‡e wnmvewU †h wVK ZZUv mv`v-Kv‡jv bq, †`‡n AwMœms‡hv‡Mi Av‡M ivLv msw¶ß e³e¨ I GKwU KweZvi Askwe‡kl Ave„wË Kivi ga¨ w`‡q cwi®‹vifv‡e †mw`b wZwb Zv dzwU‡q Zzj‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb| LyeB msw¶ß GK fvl‡Y wZwb †mw`b hv ej‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb Zv n‡jv, Rvcv‡bi msweav‡bi beg avivi Kj¨v‡YB †`‡ki bvMwiKiv MZ cÖvq mËi eQi a‡i weiwZnxbfv‡e kvwš—i mydj †fvM K‡i Avm‡Qb, hv n‡”Q mv¤cÖwZK BwZnv‡mi weij GK NUbv| d‡j hy× Avi msNvZ Gwo‡q †h‡Z n‡j †mB avivevwnKZv eRvq ivLv †h AZ¨š— ¸i“Z¡c~Y©, †mUvI wZwb Zz‡j aivi †Póv K‡i‡Qb Zuvi †mB e³‡e¨| cÖavbgš¿x wkb‡Rv Av‡e msweav‡bi †mB †gŠwjK †PZbvi m‡½ wek¦vmNvZKZv K‡i Rvcvb‡K Avev‡iv hy‡×i c‡_ wb‡q hv‡”Qb D‡j­L K‡i wb‡Ri Mv‡q Av¸b jvMv‡bvi Av‡M wesk kZvãxi cÖ_gv‡a©i LyeB cwiwPZ I RbwcÖq Rvcvwb Kwe AvwK‡Kv BImv‡bvi GKwU KweZvi K‡qKwU QÎ wZwb mg‡eZ RbZvi mvg‡b c‡o †kvbvb| GiciB wb‡Ri Mv‡q Av¸b jvMv‡j cywjk I `gKj evwnbxi GKwU `j †mLv‡b Dcw¯’Z n‡q AwMœ`» †mB e¨w³‡K †mLvb †_‡K mwi‡q wb‡q hvq|

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†jLv‡jwL Rxe‡bi evB‡i eY©‰elg¨ev‡`i wei“‡× wZwb AZ¨š— Kg©e¨¯— Rxeb KvUv‡jI, bvw¯—K‡`i †Kv‡bv msMV‡bi m‡½B RwoZ _v‡Kbwb| AZ¨š— Aíeq‡m ¯‹z‡j hvIqvi mgqB wZwb kv`v Avi Kv‡jv gvbyl‡`i c„_K Rxebaviv m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb n‡q I‡Vb| mn‡jLK Rvw÷b KvU©ivBU‡K †`Iqv 2012 mv‡j jÛ‡bi ˆ`wbK †UwjMÖvd cwÎKvq cÖKvwkZ GKwU mv¶vrKv‡i GB welqwU wZwb ms‡¶‡c wKš‘ AZ¨š— my¯úófv‡e dzwU‡q †Zv‡jb| †mvbvi Lwbi cvk w`‡qB Zuv‡`i ¯‹zjevm †h‡Zv; wZwb †`L‡Zb Aíeq¯‹ †_‡K c~Y©eq¯‹ bvbvb iK‡gi Kv‡jv gvbyl‡`i, ev‡mi g‡a¨ e‡m e‡m| IB †jvK¸‡jv‡K _vK‡Z n‡Zv kni †_‡K `~‡i mywbw`©ó GKwU GjvKvi g‡a¨| cÖ‡qvRbxq wRwbmcÎ wKb‡ZI Zv‡`i hv‡Z kn‡ii g‡a¨ bv-†h‡Z nq Ñ cÖK…Zc‡¶, Zviv hv‡Z bv-†h‡Z cv‡i Ñ †mRb¨ Lwbi m‡½B Ime cÖ‡qvRbxq wRwb‡mi †`vKvb mvwi w`‡q emv‡bv _vK‡Zv| †`vKv‡bi mvg‡bi w`KUv †jvnvi k³ Rvwj w`‡q †Niv _vK‡Zv| cÖ‡qvRbxq wRwb‡mi K_v Rvwji duvK w`‡q e‡j, Zvi `vg †R‡b, †mB g~j¨ wfZ‡i †V‡j w`‡q Zviv A‡c¶v Ki‡Zv cY¨wUi Rb¨; Ggwb K‡i nv‡Z bv-Avmvi Av‡M hv †m wKb‡Z PvB‡Zv Zv †`Lvi †Kv‡bv Dcvq wQj bv| IBme kÖwg‡Ki emev‡mi mywbw`©ó MwÊi evB‡i Zviv †h‡Z cviZ bv, kn‡ii g‡a¨ †Nviv‡div Kivi †Zv cÖkœB Av‡m bv| bvwWb‡`i g‡Zv `w¶Y Avwd«Kvi kv`v †Q‡j‡g‡q‡`i ¯‹z‡j ïay Kv‡jvB bq, A-B‡qv‡ivcxq †Kv‡bv †Q‡j‡g‡qivB cov‡kvbv Kivi my‡hvM †cZ bv| myZivs KvQvKvwQ †_‡K A-B‡qv‡ivcxq KvD‡K †`Lv wKsev mvgvwRKfv‡e Zv‡`i Kv‡iv m‡½ IVvemvi my‡hvM wek¦we`¨vj‡q hvIqvi Av‡M bvwW‡bi n‡q I‡Vwb| weUevUvimª¨vÛ wek¦we`¨vj‡q (University of Witwatersrand) fwZ© n‡q eQiLv‡bK gvÎ cov‡kvbv K‡i, ¯úóZB øvZK wWwMÖ bv-wb‡q wek¦we`¨vjq †Q‡o, 1948 mv‡j wZwb †Rvnv‡bmev‡M© P‡j hvb| KviY wn‡m‡e Zuvi gv ZLb bvwW‡bi bvRyK ürwc‡Êi K_v e‡jwQ‡jb| GB bvwWb MwW©gvi Aek¨ beŸB eQi eq‡m Ny‡gi g‡a¨ MZ 13 RyjvB, 2014 Zvwi‡L gviv hvb, Avgiv Rvwb| bvwWb MwW©gv‡ii †jLv‡jwLi ïi“ Awek¦vm¨ iK‡gi Aí eq‡m, Zuvi wb‡Ri e³e¨ Abyhvqx, gvÎ Q-eQi eq‡m| Z‡e Zuvi cÖ_g M‡íi eB cÖKvwkZ nq 1937 mv‡j hLb Zuvi eqm gvÎ c‡b‡iv; MímsMÖnwUi bvg Come again tomorrow| Avi c~Y©eq¯‹ cvVK‡`i Rb¨ Zuvi cÖ_g eB Ñ GKwU M‡íi eB Ñ cÖKvwkZ nq hLb Zuvi eqm gvÎ †lv‡jv| wZwb wb‡R Zuvi gv-evev‡K racist ev wbR m¤cÖ`v‡qi †kÖô‡Z¡ wek¦vmx e‡j Rvwb‡q‡Qb| Zuvi evev wbR Awfevm‡bi †`k `w¶Y Avwd«Kvi mvgvwRK-ivR‰bwZK Ab¨vq-AwePv‡ii e¨vcv‡i wKQy g‡b K‡i‡Qb Ñ Ggb †Kv‡bv cÖgvY Kv‡iv Kv‡Q Av‡Q e‡j Rvbv †bB; wKš‘ Zuvi gv mvgvwRK Av‡›`vj‡bi m‡½ mwµqfv‡eB RwoZ wQ‡jb, G-K_v Avgiv Rvwb| Z‡e Zv nq‡Zv eY©‰elg¨ev‡`i wei“‡× bv-I n‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ wZwb miKvi Z_v cywj‡ki †h Lye wcÖqcvÎx wQ‡jb bv, Zv GKwU NUbv †_‡KB AuvP Kiv hvq| bvwW‡bi ˆK‡kvi bv-†c‡iv‡ZB Zuv‡`i evwo‡Z GKevi cywjwk Awfhvb P‡jwQj, Ges †mevi cywjk Zuvi gv‡qi †ek wKQy KvMRcÎ Rã K‡i wb‡q wM‡qwQj| 1951 mvj Zuvi †jLK-Rxe‡bi Rb¨ ¯§iYxq n‡q _vK‡e| weL¨vZ g¨vMvwRb w` wbD BqK©vi IB eQi Zuvi Mí ÔA Watcher of the DeadÕ †Q‡c Zuv‡K cÖ_g Avš—R©vwZK cwigʇj Dc¯’vcb K‡i| Gici my`xN©Kvj a‡i IB KvM‡R Zuvi Mí cÖKvwkZ n‡Z _v‡K, Ges Bs‡iwRfvlx A‡j †jLK wn‡m‡e

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Zuvi cwiwPwZ I L¨vwZ µ‡gB we¯—…Z n‡Z _v‡K| wZwb A‡bK †QvUMí wj‡L‡Qb, Ges GKmgq G-I e‡jwQ‡jb †h, AvaywbK mg‡q †QvUMíB n‡”Q mvwn‡Z¨i g~javiv| wZwb Aek¨ Dcb¨vm wj‡L‡Qb †ekKwU, Ges Zuvi mvwnZ¨KxwZ© I L¨vwZ †QvUM‡íi †P‡q Dcb¨v‡mB ei †ewk AwR©Z n‡q‡Q e‡j g‡b nq| B‡Zvg‡a¨, 1949 mv‡j, Zuvi Av‡iKwU †QvUMí msMÖn †dBm Uz †dBm cÖKvwkZ n‡jI, Zuvi cÖ_g Dcb¨vm The Lying Days cÖKvwkZ n‡j †jLK wn‡m‡e wZwb ej‡Z †M‡j GKiK‡gi cÖwZôv †c‡q hvb| wb‡Ri cÖ_g Dcb¨vm m¤ú‡K© ej‡Z wM‡q wZwb †ek gRv`vi GKwU gš—e¨ K‡ib| †m-wel‡q GKUy c‡iB AvmwQ| Gi g‡a¨, e¨w³MZ Rxe‡b, 1949 mv‡j, †Rivì M¨våb bv‡gi GKRb `uv‡Zi Wv³vi‡K we‡q K‡ib bvwWb, Ges cÖvq eQi wZ‡b‡Ki gv_vq GB we‡q †f‡O hvIqvi Av‡M Zuvi GKwU †g‡q Rb¥vq, bvg Iwiqvb| 1954 mv‡j wZwb wØZxqevi we‡q K‡ib ivBb‡nvì Kvwm‡ii bvgxq GK m¤§vbxq wkíKjv e¨emvqx‡K| 2001 mv‡j Kvwm‡i‡ii g„Zz¨ ch©š— Zuv‡`i weevwnZ Rxeb AUzU wQj| 1955 mv‡j Rb¥ †bIqv †Q‡j D‡Mv (Hugo) nwjD‡Wi GKRb wPÎwbg©vZv, Ges bvwW‡bi g„Zz¨i c~e© ch©š— Zuvi Aš—Z `y‡Uv Mí wb‡q D‡Mv `y‡Uv Pjw”PÎ wbg©vY K‡i‡Qb| bvwWb MwW©gvi ˆbwZK I eY©‰elg¨g~jK welq‡KB Zuvi †jLv‡jwL I Kg©Rxe‡bi g~j DcRxe¨ wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡ib| Zuvi cÖ_g Dcb¨vm w` jvBs †W‡Ri K_v Av‡MB e‡jwQ| GB Dcb¨v‡mi K_v ej‡Z wM‡q bvwWb Lye PgrKvi GKwU K_v e‡j‡Qb : wZwb Rvbv‡”Qb †h cÖ‡Z¨K Jcb¨vwmKB Zuvi cÖ_g Dcb¨vm Kg‡ewk AvZ¥‰RewbK K‡i †Zv‡jb, Gi gva¨‡g wb‡Ri Ici wZwb cÖwZ‡kva †bb| †mB ÔcÖwZ‡kvaÕ bvwWbI wb‡q‡Qb Zuvi GB cÖ_g Dcb¨v‡m| Pig eY©‰elg¨ev‡`i g‡a¨ Kxfv‡e

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wZwb †e‡o I‡Vb Zvi Qvqv Dcb¨vmLvwbi ci‡Z ci‡Z Qwo‡q Av‡Q| Zuvi cieZx© Dcb¨vm evM©vm© WUvi I RyjvBÕm wccj eY©‰elg¨ev‡`i wei“‡× †LvjvLywj we‡`ªvn| kv`v I Kv‡jv gvby‡liv GKÎ n‡q ˆel‡g¨i wei“‡× Av‡›`vjb K‡i, RvwZ‡f‡`i †eov wWwO‡q kv`vKv‡jvi we‡q nq Ñ Gme wZwb Zuvi GB Dcb¨vm `yLvwbi DcRxe¨ K‡ib| GB Dcb¨vm¸‡jv wbwl× K‡i Zvi mKj Kwc ev‡Rqvß K‡i eY©ev`x miKvi| 1990 mv‡j eY©‰el‡g¨i Aemvb NwU‡q `w¶Y Avwd«Kvq kv`vKv‡jvi mgš^‡q MYZš¿ cÖwZôv nIqv ch©š— GB ˆel‡g¨i wei“‡×B wj‡L‡Qb wZwb, bvbv Avw½‡K, bvbv cUf~wgKvq, Ges bvbv Revwb‡Z Zuvi Dcb¨vm¸‡jv| †mBRb¨ †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv mgv‡jvPK Zuvi Mí-Dcb¨vm¸‡jv‡K cyb ive„wËg~jK e‡j AvL¨vwqZ K‡i‡Qb| Avgvi wb‡Ri gZ †mw`‡KB †ewk †SuvKv| mvgvwRK-ivR‰bwZK GKRb Kgx© wn‡m‡eI `w¶Y Avwd«Kvi mgv‡R Amvgvb¨ Ae`vb †i‡L †M‡Qb bvwWb MwW©gvi| †m‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv AR©b I kv`vKv‡jvi we‡f` NywP‡q MYZvwš¿K kvmbe¨e¯’v cÖeZ©‡bi msMÖv‡gi cy‡ivfv‡M me©`v Ae¯’vbKvix †bjmb g¨v‡Ûjvi `j Avwd«Kvb b¨vkbvj Ks‡MÖm hLb wbwl×, Ges g¨v‡Ûjv wb‡R AvcvZ-Aš—nxb Kvivev‡m, ZLb †mB `‡j †hvM †`b bvwWb| wZwb eY©ev`we‡ivax wgwQ‡j Ask wb‡q‡Qb A‡bKevi, Av‡›`vjbKvix Kv‡jv gvbyl‡`i AvkÖq w`‡q‡Qb wb‡Ri N‡i, Ges AbymÜvbx cywj‡ki Rev‡e wg‡_¨ e‡j Zuv‡`i‡K jywK‡q ivL‡Z m¶g n‡q‡Qb| 1962 mv‡j, †bjmb g¨v‡Ûjvi wei“‡× eY©ev`x miKv‡ii `v‡qi Kiv gvgjvq g¨v‡Ûjvi AvBbRxex‡`i m‡½ bvwWb †ek Nwbô nb| ÔAvwg givi Rb¨ cÖ¯‘ZÕ kxl©K †bjmb g¨v‡Ûjvi weL¨vZ e³…ZvwU m¤úv`bvq wZwb mnvqZv K‡ib| †bjmb g¨v‡ÛjvI Zuvi m‡½ †ek Nwbô n‡q I‡Vb| Kvivevm †_‡K gyw³i ci g¨v‡Ûjv cÖ_g huvi m‡½

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3. cwiev‡i kÖg wefvR‡bi mgq m`m¨‡`i e¨w³MZ cQ›`-AcQ›`, †hvMZ¨v I mvg_©¨, eqm BZ¨vw` ¯^vfvweK Dcv`vb‡KB ¸i“Z¡ †`Iqv nq †ewk| †Kv‡bv eva¨Zvg~jK kvixwiK `vmZ¡& ev gRywii wewbg‡q `vmZ¡ cwiev‡ii Af¨š—‡i mvaviYZ m¤¢e nq bv| 4. wcZ…Zvwš¿K ev ˆ¯^ivPvix cwievi¸‡jvi K_v ev` w`‡j AvRKvj AvaywbK mf¨ cwievi¸‡jv‡Z wm×vš— MÖn‡Yi cÖwµqvwUI nq MYZvwš¿K Ges Askx`vwiZ¡gj~ K| d‡j KZ…©Z¡ev` ev GKbvqKZ¡ GLv‡b P‡j bv| Ic‡i mf¨ gbyl¨ cwiev‡ii †h-D¾¡j ˆewkó¨¸wji eY©bv Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q, Zv nq‡Zv A¶‡i A¶‡i cÖwZwU we`¨gvb cwiev‡ii g‡a¨ cwijw¶Z n‡e bv; wKš‘ Gi c‡iI mi`vifvB‡qi K_vi g~j mZ¨wU GB RvqMvq wbwnZ †h, cÖwZwU cwiev‡ii Av`k© iƒcKíwU n‡”Q A‡bKUvB GiKg| myZivs mi`vifvB hLb e‡jb, mgvRZš¿ †Zv Av‡QB Ges Zv Lyu‡R cvIqvi Rb¨ `~‡i ZvKv‡bvi `iKvi †bB, Av‡kcv‡k gvbyl-m„ó gvbweK cwievi¸wji †fZ‡ii gvbweK m¤ú‡K©i w`‡K ZvKv‡jB Zv‡K aiv hv‡e, †`Lv hv‡e, ZLb wZwb Avm‡j GKwU MfxiZi m‡Z¨i cÖwZB Avgv‡`i `„wó AvKl©Y K‡ib| Gfv‡e eyS‡Z cvi‡j nZvkv Avgv‡`i KL‡bvB ¯úk© Ki‡Z mg_© n‡e bv| Avgiv eyS‡Z mg_© n‡ev †h, e¨w³gvby‡li mvgvwRK ¯^fveag©B n‡”Q mgvRZš¿| Z‡e †QvU gvby‡li `„wói mxgve×Zvi Kvi‡Y Zvi mvgvwRKZvi gvÎv cwiev‡ii MwÊ Qvwo‡q mgMÖ RvwZ Ges Ae‡k‡l mgMÖ gvbeRvwZi g‡a¨ Qwo‡q †h‡Z GL‡bv cv‡iwb| wKš‘ GKw`b Zv Aek¨B wek¦e¨vcx we¯—Z … n‡e| mvgvwRKZvi Av‡e`b †h KZ Mfx‡i †cÖvw_Z Zv †evSv hvq wek¦e¨vcx we¯—…Z wek¦ag©¸‡jvi gg©evYxi w`‡K ZvKv‡j| G-hver cÖYxZ me ag©MÖš’B g~jZ gvbeRvwZ‡K GKB cwievify³ me©Rbxb åvZ…‡Z¡i e܇b Ave× wn‡m‡eB eY©bv K‡i †M‡Q| mi`vifvB ZvB hLb cwiev‡ii cvi¯úwiK †mŠnv‡`©¨i g‡a¨ mgvRZ‡š¿i exR‡K Avwe®‹vi K‡ib, ZLb †mUv Zuvi Mfxi `vk©wbK †ev‡aiB cÖKvk NUvq| mi`vifvB‡qi KvQ †_‡KB Avwg cÖ_g ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavbgš¿x ZvRDÏxb Avng‡`i Wv‡qwii K_v ïb‡Z †c‡qwQjvg| mi`vi fvB wb‡RI ZvRDÏxb Avng‡`i g‡ZvB wbôvi m‡½ cÖwZw`b gy³vi A¶‡i Zuvi Wv‡qwi †gb‡UBb Ki‡Zb| Zuvi GB Af¨v‡mi K_vUv Avgvi Rvbv wQj| Av‡Rv ZvB LyeB †KŠZ~nj i‡q‡Q Zuvi AmsL¨ Wv‡qwi cvV Kivi| hw`I GB Ab¨vq Ave`vi Avwg Zuvi Kv‡Q KL‡bvB Kwiwb, KivUv DwPZI n‡e bv| Zey Avgvi aviYv, G¸‡jv hw` †Kv‡bvw`b cÖKvwkZ nq, Zvn‡j Zv †_‡K evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¥, weKvk I AMÖMwZi µg-D‡b¥vPbkxj GKwU eY©bv I e¨vL¨vi mv¶vr cvIqv hv‡e| mi`vifvB wb‡Ri

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Wv‡qwii K_v †Zgb GKUv bv ej‡jI g„Z¨z -cieZx©Kv‡j cÖKvwkZ ZvRDÏxb Avng‡`i Wv‡qwi †_‡K GKwU w`‡bi K_v Avgv‡K GZ AvMÖnf‡i eY©bv K‡iwQ‡jb †h, Zv Av‡Rv Avgvi gw¯—‡®‹ †Mu‡_ Av‡Q| wZwb MvÜx cÖm‡½ Av‡jvPbvKv‡j GKw`b Avgv‡K e‡jwQ‡jb, MvÜx †hw`b AvZZvqxi nv‡Z wbnZ nb, †mw`b ZvRDÏxb Avng‡`i w`bwjwc‡Z wZwb bvwK wj‡LwQ‡jb †h, Zuvi Kv‡Q †hb mewKQy Lvwj Lvwj jvM‡Q Ges g‡b n‡”Q †hb Avcb wcZ…we‡qv‡Mi †e`bv Abyfe Ki‡Qb wZwb| †mw`b c‡_ c‡_ D`&åv‡š—i g‡Zv Ny‡i eû iv‡Z n‡j wd‡iwQ‡jb ZvRDÏxb Avng`| GB K_v¸‡jv ejvi mg‡q mi`vifvB‡qi Mfxi Av‡eMc~Y© †Pnvivi w`‡K ZvwK‡q Avwg Abyfe K‡iwQjvg †h, gnvZ¥v MvÜx ev e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi g‡Zv RbMYbw›`Z †bZv‡`i e¨vcv‡i Zuvi `iw` `„wófw½wU wVK Avgv‡`i g‡Zv A¼ K‡l wbivm³fv‡e wZwb w¯’i K‡ibwb| Avgiv †hgb Gme †bZvi BwZevPK-†bwZevPK Dfq w`K wgwj‡q †kªwY `„wó‡KvY †_‡K g~j¨vq‡b Af¨¯—, wZwb wVK †Zgbfv‡e Zv K‡ib bv| Gme †¶‡Î Zuvi GKai‡bi cÖvÁ BwZevPK Ae¯’vb i‡q‡Q, hv mvaviY RbMY ev ZvRDÏxb Avn‡g‡`i g‡Zv MYZvwš¿K mgvRZš¿x‡`i `„wófw½i m‡½ AwaKZi wg‡j hvq| GiKg D`vi g‡bvfw½i †cQ‡b wbðqB ev¯—e KviY Av‡Q| Avgvi wek¦vm, mi`vifvB‡`i cÖRb¥ mv¤cÖ`vwqKZv I mvgªvR¨ev`‡K me‡P‡q †ewk N„Yv K‡ib Ges fqI K‡ib| †mB Zzjbvq ey‡R©vqv MYZ‡š¿i duvwK ev Amvg¨ ev †kªwY‡kvl‡Yi wei“‡× †h-jovB, †m-m¤ú‡K© Zuv‡`i AvMÖn I GKvZ¥Zv Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e wKQyUv Kg| †h‡nZz Zuv‡`i RxebUvB AwZevwnZ n‡q‡Q IBme eo eo kΓi wei“‡× jovB K‡i, †m‡nZy †kªwYmsMÖv‡gi D”PZi ch©v‡q DbœZZi †kªwYmgv‡ek m¤ú‡K©© g‡bv‡hvM †`Iqvi AeKvk Zuv‡`i nqwb| Aek¨ †mB jovBUv GL‡bv ch©š— wVKg‡Zv Avgiv ïi“I Ki‡Z cvwiwb| mgvRI KZUzKz cÖ¯‘Z Zv wb‡qI weZK© i‡q‡Q| nq‡Zv GLb ch©š— `y‡Uv jovB-B ci¯úi cwic~iKfv‡e AMÖmi n‡e| KwgDwb÷‡`i m‡½ ey‡R©vqv‡`i Amv¤cÖ`vwqK As‡ki HK¨ bv n‡j mi`vifvB‡`i cÖRb¥ AwaKvsk mg‡qB gbt¶zYœ †eva Ki‡Zb| GUvB ¯^vfvweK; wKš‘ Avwg †h‡nZz Zuv‡`i GB gbt¶z‡Yœi ev¯—e wfwËwU Rvwb, ZvB G wb‡q KL‡bv Zuvi m‡½ ZK© Kwiwb| ïay A‡c¶v K‡i †_‡KwQ, KLb Avcb AwfÁZvq wb‡RB wZwb eyS‡Z cvi‡eb ey‡R©vqv‡`i †gwK Amv¤cÖ`vwqKZvi †`DwjqvZ¡| †mŠfvM¨ekZ Pjgvb ivR‰bwZK NUbvewj Lye wkMwMiB ey‡R©vqv `j¸‡jvi †`DwjqvZ¡UK z z D`&NvwUZ K‡i w`‡q‡Q Ges ivR‰bwZK †KŠk‡ji cÖ‡kœI mi`vifvB‡qi m‡½ Avgv‡`i becÖR‡b¥i KwgDwb÷‡`i `~iZ¡ A‡bKLvwb K‡g Avm‡Z ïi“ K‡i‡Q| Z‡e mi`vifvB RvZxqZvev`x Av‡›`vj‡bi cÖwZ Abyi³ _vK‡jI memgqB GKwU Mfxi mZ¨ K_v e‡j G‡m‡Qb| wZwb e‡j‡Qb, KwgDwb÷iv mv¤cÖwZKKv‡j †h Ônvwmbv-Lv‡j`viÕ Ø‡›Ø Rwo‡q c‡o KL‡bv nvwmbvi c‡¶ wR›`vev` KL‡bv gy`v© ev` w`‡”Q, Zv †gv‡UI wVK n‡”Q bv| eivei wZwb e‡j‡Qb, GB ؇›Øi e„Ë †_‡K †ewi‡q G‡m K…lK, kªwgK, †¶ZgRyi, wiKkvIqvjv, ew¯—evmx Ñ G‡`i Rxe‡bi gv‡S KwgDwb÷‡`i `„wó †div‡Z n‡e| g‡bv‡hvM w`‡Z n‡e Zv‡`i cÖwZ, M‡o Zzj‡Z n‡e ga¨weË KwgDwb÷‡`i m‡½ kªgRxex‡`i A½vw½ †hvMv‡hvM| kªgRxex‡`i Rxe‡bi ؛؇K ivRbxwZi cÖavb ؇›Ø cwiYZ Ki‡Z n‡e| mi`vifvB‡qi GB civgk©‡K Avwg wVK g‡b Kwi| †mBm‡½ Av‡iKwU K_v mi`vifvB cÖvqB e‡jb, Zv n‡”Q, ¶z`ª mg‡qi MwʇZ wPš—v Ki‡j n‡e bv, wPš—v Ki‡Z n‡e `xN©‡gqv‡`| GwUI Lye g~j¨evb K_v| ÔK¨vWviivÕ GLb LyeB Kg cov‡kvbv K‡i

50

_v‡K, GUvI mi`vifvB‡qi GKUv Zxeª †¶vf| KwgDwb÷ cvwU©i †mv‡gb-ZvRyj cvVvMvi D‡Øvab Ki‡Z wM‡q wZwb e³…Zvq e‡jwQ‡jb, Ô†h-eB cvV Kiv nq bv, †m-eB‡K eB ejv A_©nxb|Õ GB cvVvMv‡ii eB¸‡jv cvwU©i Zi“Y cvVKiv mZ¨B fvRv fvRv K‡i c‡o †dj‡eb, bvwK w`‡bi ci w`b G¸‡jvi Ici evwj ay‡jvi Av¯—iY Rgv n‡Z _vK‡e Ñ G wb‡q Zuvi g‡b mskq ˆZwi n‡qwQj Ges †mB mskq A‡hŠw³KI wQj bv| Gme Aweivg ˆ`bw›`b wPš—v-fvebv wewbg‡qi ga¨ w`‡q KLb †h mi`vifvB Ges Avwg GKB jovB‡qi Kv‡djvi mnhvÎx‡Z cwiYZ n‡qwQjvg Ñ ci¯úi AbycÖweó n‡qwQjvg Ñ GKvZ¥ n‡qwQjvg Ñ Zv Avi AvR g‡b †bB| wKš‘ Gfv‡eB BwZnv‡mi avivq nq‡Zv `~‡ii gvby‡liv wbKU gvby‡l cwiYZ nq Ges wbKU gvby‡liv `~‡i nvwi‡q hvq|

cÖv‡Yi gvbyl Av‡Q cÖv‡Y Ggb GK mgq wQj, hLb c‡_Nv‡U, bvbv Abyôv‡b, MvQZjvq, cvVP‡µ, AvwRR mycvi gv‡K©‡U, XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi e¨vs‡K, wUPvm© jvD‡Ä, XvKv kn‡ii Avbv‡P-Kvbv‡P, K¨v‡m‡Ui †`vKv‡b, wbDgv‡K©‡U, evRv‡i, we`y¨‡Zi wej †kv‡ai `xN© jvB‡b, me©ÎB e„× mi`vifvB‡K †`Lv †hZ| GKRb kxY©Kvq gvbyl jvwV nv‡Z VyKVyK K‡i Kv‡iv mvnvh¨ QvovB `„ß c`‡¶‡c GwM‡q hv‡”Qb| †hLv‡bB hv‡”Qb †mLv‡bB m‡µwU‡mi wkl¨‡`i g‡Zv mi`vifvB‡KI Zuvi wkl¨iv cwi‡ewóZ K‡i †dj‡Q| wZwbI Avb‡›`i m‡½ cÖkœ Ki‡Qb, Reve w`‡”Qb, GwM‡q hv‡”Qb| GiKg c‡_-cÖvš—‡iB ˆZwi n‡”Q Zi“Y cÖR‡b¥i Rb¨ nxiv-RniZ-gwY-gy³vi g‡Zv ivwk ivwk g~j¨evb wPš—vivwR| GiKg GKUv Pjš— we`¨vjq c„w_ex‡Z Lye KgB †`Lv hvq| KL‡bv KL‡bv GB we`¨vjq‡K AbymiY Kivi †mŠfvM¨ AvgviI n‡q‡Q| †mB me©e¨vcx mi`vifvB‡qi eqm Av‡¯— Av‡¯— evo‡Q| `„wókw³I ¶xY n‡q Avm‡Q| Av‡Mi g‡Zv kix‡ii hš¿¸wj Avi ¯^wbqš¿‡Y †bB| eva¨ n‡q N‡iB Zuv‡K GLb _vK‡Z n‡”Q †ewkifvM mgq| Zuvi Rb¨ Pvi †`qv‡ji g‡a¨ Gfv‡e ew›` n‡q _vKvUv †h KZLvwb `ytmn GKwU e¨vcvi Zv mn‡RB Aby‡gq| wKš‘ eva©‡K¨i A‡gvN wbqg Zuv‡KI ¶gv K‡iwb| Zuvi Kb¨v ¯^vZx Avgvi Kv‡Q Awf‡hvM K‡i‡Q, Ôevev Kv‡iv K_v †kv‡bb bv, wb‡R wb‡RB †Mvc‡b evwo †_‡K †ei n‡q nq‡Zv GKvB wmGbwR‡Z †P‡c iIbv n‡q hvb, †mB my`~i wUKvUzjx‡Z †m›Uªvj DB‡gbm K‡j‡Ri cv‡b| wKš‘ G‡Z cwiev‡ii mevB `ywðš—vq †fv‡Mb| c‡_ wKQy GKUv `yN©Ubv n‡j †K †`L‡e mi`vifvB‡K?Õ wKš‘ mi`vifvB hZ¶Y eva¨ n‡q kh¨vkqx bv n‡”Qb, ZZ¶Y Gme K_v gv‡bb bv| SzuwK gv_vq wb‡qB my`~‡ii cv‡b Qy‡U hvb| Avgiv hviv Zuvi f³, mvw_, eÜz, ZvivI GZ e¨¯— †h, wbqg K‡i Zuvi m‡½ Zuvi evwo‡Z wM‡q †`Lv Ki‡Z memgq †c‡i DwV bv| Zuvi AfveUv eywS; wKš‘ AfveUv c~i‡Yi Rb¨ †h mgqUv †ei Kiv `iKvi Zv memg‡q †ei Kiv m¤¢e nq bv| AvR-Kvj-ciï Ki‡Z Ki‡Z GKwU e¨¯— gyn~‡Z©i m‡½ Av‡iKwU e¨¯— gyn~Z© hy³ n‡Z n‡Z, GKmg‡q nVvr g‡b nq †g‡N †g‡N KZ †ejvB bv cvi n‡q †Mj Ñ mi`vifvB‡K A‡bKw`b †`wLwb, A‡bK gvm †`wLwb| fq nq, GLb †`Lv Ki‡Z †M‡j GB Awfgvbx wec­ex gyL wdwi‡q †b‡eb bv †Zv? GB f‡q hvIqvUv µgvMZB Av‡iv †cQv‡Z _v‡K| wKš‘ mi`vifvB‡K †`L‡Z hve Ñ GB cÖwZÁvUv cÖv‡Yi †fZ‡i †_‡KB hvq| msmv‡ii bvbv Uvbvc‡o‡b, cÖwZwU cÖvÁ gyn~‡Z© Zuv‡K wb‡Ri gv‡S

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wb‡RB Avevi wd‡i cvB| g‡b nq, wZwb †Zv Avgvi Pvicv‡kB Av‡Qb| nq‡Zv A‡bKw`b Zuvi kix‡ii m‡½ †`Lv nq bv, GB hv| wKš‘ Zuv‡K †Zv Avwg fywjwb| Zuvi D¾¡j evK¨¸‡jv Av‡Rv Nyi‡Q Avgvi gb‡b| Zuv‡K †fvjv Am¤¢e| iweVvKz‡ii fvlvq ej‡Z B”Qv K‡i : Avgvi cÖv‡Yi gvbyl Av‡Q cÖv‡Y, ZvB †nwi Zvq mKj Lv‡b \ Av‡Q †m bqbZvivq Av‡jvK-avivq, ZvB bv nvivq Ñ I‡Mv ZvB †`wL Zvq †h_vq †m_vq ZvKvB Avwg †h w`K-cv‡b| mi`vifvB, mZ¨ n‡”Q GB †h, Avcbvi m‡½ Avgvi †`Lv nq, †`Lv n‡”Q, †`Lv n‡e, GKw`b, GK RvqMvq bq| eûw`b, eû RvqMvq, eûevi, eûfv‡e|

mi`vifvB‡qi wek¦we`¨vj‡q †hvM`vb I wek¦we`¨vjq Z¨vM

Avgiv Rvwb mi`vifvB‡qi A¨vKv‡WwgK †iKW© wQj LyeB fv‡jv| ewikvj †Rjv ¯‹zj †_‡K g¨vwUªKz‡jk‡b wZwb 1940 mv‡j cÖ_g wefvM AR©b K‡ib| 1942 mv‡j XvKv K‡jR †_‡K AvBG cix¶vq cÖ_g wefv‡M wØZxq ¯’vb AR©b K‡ib| 1945 mv‡j XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K weG Abvm© (`k©b) cÖ_g wefv‡M cÖ_g ¯’vb AR©b K‡ib| 1946 mv‡j XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K GgG‡Z

(`k©b) cÖ_g †kªwY‡Z cÖ_g ¯’vb AR©b K‡ib| Gfv‡e Zuvi ewY©j wek¦we`¨vjq Rxeb †kl nq| XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡q (1942-46) Aa¨q‡bi mg‡qB 1943 mv‡j wZwb cÖ_‡g cÖMwZ †jLK msN Ges c‡i KwgDwb÷ cvwU©i Nwbô mnP‡i cwiYZ nb| ¯^vfvweKfv‡eB A¨vKv‡WwgK D¾¡j K¨vwiqv‡ii Kvi‡Y `k©b wefv‡M wk¶K wn‡m‡e †hvM`v‡bi Rb¨ Zuvi WvK Av‡m| wek¦we`¨vj‡q iw¶Z mi`vi dRjyj Kwi‡gi e¨w³MZ bw_ †_‡K Avgiv Rvb‡Z cvwi, LyeB msw¶ß wZb jvB‡bi GKwU nv‡Z‡jLv wPwVi gva¨‡g 1947 mv‡ji 4 Ryb gvÎ 140 UvKv gvwmK †eZ‡b wZwb `k©b wefv‡Mi K¬vm-Uz †jKPvivi c‡` †hvM w`‡q KvR ïi“ K‡ib| wKš‘ GB mg‡q mviv‡`‡k KwgDwb÷ cvwU©i Ici cÖej wb‡®úlY I wbcxob †b‡g Av‡m Ges cvwU©i Ab¨‡`i m‡½ mi`vi fvB‡KI `xN©w`‡bi Rb¨ AvÛviMÖvD‡Û P‡j †h‡Z nq| ZvB †hvM`v‡bi gvÎ GK eQi c‡iB 1948 mv‡ji 2 Ryb Av‡iKwU ¶z`ª wPwV w`‡q mi`vi dRjyj Kwig wek¦we`¨vj‡qi †jKPvivi c` †_‡K c`Z¨vM K‡ib| ïi“ nq mi`vifvB‡qi msMÖvggyLi KwgDwb÷ Rxeb, hvi GKwU eo mgq wZwb KvivMv‡iB ew›` wQ‡jb| [GB †jLvwU 2011 mv‡j mi`vifvB hLb RxweZ ZLb wj‡LwQjvg| 2014 mv‡j Zuvi g„Zz¨i ciI GB †jLvi K_v¸wj Avgvi Kv‡Q mgvb mZ¨ wn‡m‡eB i‡q †M‡Q| Ñ †jLK] 

51

kÖ ×v Ä wj

c Aveyj †nv‡mb :

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52

wiYZ g„Zz¨, †Kv‡bv Kó bv w`‡jI wKQy Rvbvi †e`bv evievi wd‡i wd‡i Av‡m| gnvb KweZvi‡_i Kwe Aveyj †nv‡m‡bi P‡j hvIqvi cwi‡ekwU †ZgbB ejv hvq| A‡bK cov‡kvbv wQj Zuvi| ch©‡e¶‡Yi Zx¶èZvI Zxeª I Mfxi| mewKQyi E‡aŸ© KweZvB wQj Zuvi a¨vbÁvb| wewfbœ B›UviwfD‡q e‡j‡Qb KweZv wb‡q, KweZvi ˆkjx wb‡q A‡bK K_v| Kx K_v? evsjv KweZvaviv m¤ú‡K©, KweZvi fvlv m¤ú‡K©, KweZvi †KŠkj m¤ú‡K© Avi GLb Kviv Kxfv‡e wjL‡Qb Ñ Zuvi mg‡q Zuvi mgmvgwqKiv Kxfv‡e wjL‡Zb BZ¨vw`| gš—e¨ ï‡bwQ; myKvš— fÆvPvh©, myfvl gy‡Lvcva¨vq, mgi †mb m¤ú‡K©| e‡j‡Qb kvgmyi ivngvb, wmKvb&`vi Avey Rvdi, nvmvb nvwdRyi ingvb, mvBwq` AvZxKzj­vn& ch©š—| †`Lvi I Rvbvi AwfÁZvi cvZvq Zz‡j G‡b‡Qb iex›`ªbv_, Rxebvb›` `vk Ñ †K bq! GK weivU eUe„¶, gnxi“n wZwb| K‡Zv †h AwfÁZv, Zuvi Avgvi Avcb fyeb wmwiR ¯§„wZK_v mycvV¨ I AvKl©Yxq| †`kfv‡Mi ¯§„wZ K‡Zv gg©š‘` Ñ Zv Zvi †Pv‡LB †hb cvVKiv †`‡L †d‡jb| IBiƒc gvbweK mgm¨vi welq wb‡q wZwb mKj‡KB Abyf‚wZMÖvn¨ K‡i †d‡jb|

`yB Pwj­‡ki †gavex cÖvPzh©gq Kwe Aveyj †nv‡mb (1922-2014)| iex›`ª-bRi“j mvwbœa¨ab¨, evsjv‡`‡ki KweZvi cÖZz¨l-j‡Mœi Kwe wZwb| `xN© KweZv-cwiµgvq wZwb wbR¯^ fvlvixwZ‡Z mgKvj‡K bevqb K‡i‡Qb, AZ¨š— `¶Zvi m‡½| cy‡iv`¯‘i bvMwiK| Ôdzmdz‡m mxj‡gvniÕ, Ô_u¨vZjv‡bv _vgÕ, ÔUªvg-†gvUiÕ, Ô†cvov PvgovÕ, Ô†eq‡bUÕ Ggb PjwZkã w`‡q cÖ_g wec­e NUvb Kwe| wd«-fv‡m©i mv_©K cÖ‡qvM K‡i‡Qb wZwb| KweZv‡K bvwg‡q G‡b‡Qb ˆ`bw›`b e¨env‡h©i gy‡L| c~e©-cvwK¯—vwb KweZvi cÖ¯‘wZ-wf‡Z, bZzb m„wó‡Z; Zvi“‡Y¨i †cÖiYv wb‡q Zuvi exRecb AZtci AMÖmi I DËiY| Abyf~wZi ¯—‡i GKv‡ji ivRbxwZ, ev¯—eZv ¯^xKv‡i Av‡m : Ôhvq hvq, me hvq/ ag©, mZ¨, bxwZi K¼vj AvR ay‡jvq jy‡Uvq|/ gvby‡li †e‡k Ny‡i †eovq nv‡qbv mviv‡`‡kÕ Giƒc fv‡l¨ wZwb mvejxj Ges gvwR©Z| iex›`ª cÖksmvab¨ be-emš— (1940) KjKvZvq Qvcv nq, A¨vw›UK KvM‡R| Avey mqx` AvBqye, eyׇ`e emymn A‡b‡Ki mvnPh© Zuvi AvaywbK i“wP MV‡b mnvqZv K‡i‡Q| KweZvPP©vq wZwb MZvbyMwZK bb, wb‡RB e‡j‡Qb : ÔAv‡eM n‡”Q KweZvi cÖ_g

KvRwU K‡iwQ‡jb wZwi‡ki Kweiv mw¤§wjZfv‡e| Kve¨fvlvi GB cwieZ©‡bi m‡½ m‡½ G‡jv M`¨KweZv| iex›`ªbv_B cÖ_g M`¨KweZv wjL‡Z ïi“ K‡iwQ‡jb, Aek¨ M`¨KweZvq wZwb GKai‡bi Mí e‡j‡Qb| iex›`ªbv‡_i aviYv wQj, Q›`wg‡ji †h-KweZv, †mUv‡Z mewKQy †jLv hvq bv| M`¨KweZvi g‡a¨ GKUv cÖvZ¨wnKZv Av‡Q, Zvi E‡aŸ© bq| GUv †h mwVK bq, Zv DËiKv‡j mgi †mb cÖgvY K‡i‡Qb| mgi †mbB mvnwmKZvi m‡½ evsjv KweZv‡K Mreuvav wbq‡gi ga¨ †_‡K †ei K‡i M`¨KweZvi cÖvYcÖwZôv K‡ib| Aveyj †nv‡mb AvZ¥gyw³i c_ Lyu‡R †c‡jb mgi †m‡bi Abym„Z c‡_B| GK mv¶vrKv‡i Aveyj †nv‡mb e‡j‡Qb Ñ ÔAvgvi g‡b n‡jv, Avwg KweZv wkL‡ev †mB fvlvq, †h fvlvq gvbyl K_v ej‡Q nvUevRv‡i, Wªwqsi“‡g| †h-Kvi‡Y Avwg mgi †mb‡K eo Kwe ewj, †mUv n‡”Q M`¨KweZv, GB M`¨KweZvq †h Q›`im _vK‡Z cv‡i, †mUv G‡b‡Qb mgi †mb| Avwg mgi †m‡bi Kv‡Q GUv wk‡LwQ|Õ (Kv‡ji †Lqv, 150 msL¨v, 29 AvM÷, 2008) Aveyj †nv‡mb cÖ_g wjL‡jb mwgj M`¨KweZv Ñ AvR‡Ki w`‡b ivbœvN‡ii AÜKv‡ii gv‡S †h †g‡qiv e‡m Px‡b evmb gv‡R gkjv wcl‡Z †PvL f‡i Av‡m R‡j Zv‡`‡iv AÜ Rxe‡bi Z‡j DuwKSzuwK gv‡i ivRKzgvi| †cuqvR KvUvi duv‡K g‡bi Mn‡b iweVvKz‡ii GKwU jvBb nq‡Zv wPÎ Auv‡K nq‡Zv KL‡bv g‡b †Zv‡j †`vjv †kwji GKwU KweZv, AvZ¥‡fvjv KxU‡mi Agi IW¸‡jv nq‡Zv c‡_i ay‡jv msev` Av‡b ivRKzgv‡ii AvMg‡bi myß g‡bi Avovj †`Iqv c`©vUv hvq †du‡m GKwU wbwg‡l| (ÔAvgiv : evsjvi †g‡qÕ, beemš—) Aveyj †nv‡m‡bi beemš— MÖ‡š’ k‡ã, Q‡›`, Dcgvq wZwb Aweijfv‡e cÖ‡qvM K‡i‡Qb †m-hy‡Mi KwVb mgvRev¯—eZv| KweZvq gvby‡li gy‡Li fvlvi AbyeZx© KZ mvaviY nIqv hvq, Zvi w`‡KB AMÖmi n‡q‡Qb wZwb| GUvB n‡”Q Aveyj †nv‡m‡bi †¯^vDcvwR©Z AvaywbKZv| Aveyj †nv‡mb Gfv‡e Zuvi wbR¯^ RM‡Z cÖ‡ek K‡ib Ges evK&ixwZ I Kve¨fvlvq AvZ¥mv¶vr jvf K‡ib| Avgv‡K Agi Ki‡Z Pvq g„Zz¨ BwZnv‡mi cvZvq, hy‡Mi fvlvq, gvby‡li K_vq j¶ ey‡Ki ¯ú›`‡b| euvwP‡q ivL‡Z Pvq Abš—Kv‡ji Rb¨ Zvi RxqbKvwVi ¯úk© w`‡q KviY g„Zz¨‡K K‡iwQ Avwg Rq| g„Zz¨‡Z Kweiv Agi nb| Kwe I e¨w³ G `y‡q wg‡j n‡q I‡V wkíx I wkí| cÖvq 92 eQi eqm †c‡qwQ‡jb Aveyj †nv‡mb| gvÎ 21 eQi eq‡m cÖ_g Kve¨MÖš’ beemš— cÖKv‡ki ci wZwb bZzbavivi Kwe wn‡m‡e †ev×v cvVK gn‡ji `„wó AvKl©Y K‡ib| †c‡q‡Qb iex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii mvwbœa¨| Nwbôfv‡e †gjv‡gkvi my‡hvM †c‡qwQ‡jb KvRx bRi“j Bmjvg, eyׇ`e emy, Rxebvb›` `vk, myax›`ªbv_ `Ë, Awgq PµeZx©, †cÖ‡g›`ª wgÎ, mgi †mb, Ave`yj Kvw`i, mywdqv Kvgvj, ûgvqyb Kwei, ˆmq` gyRZev Avjx, Avey mqx` AvBqye cÖgyL Kwe, †jLK, mgv‡jvP‡Ki m‡½| Zuvi Kg©RxebI wQj ˆewPΨgq, †k‡l hyM¥mwPe †_‡K Aem‡i hvb| wKš‘ †hLv‡b KvR K‡i‡Qb, wQ‡jb KweZvq wbgMœ| cÖ_g

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Rxe‡b cÖPzi wjL‡jI c‡i Avey mqx` AvBqy‡ei civg‡k© †jLv Kwg‡q w`‡qwQ‡jb| GK mv¶vrKv‡i wZwb e‡j‡Qb, ÔAvey mqx` AvBqye ej‡jb, GZ †h wjL‡Qb, G‡Z wK †jLvi gvb a‡i ivLv hvq? Avey mqx` AvBqy‡ei K_vUv Avgvi fv‡jv jvM‡jv, Avwg ¸i“Z¡ w`jvg| Dwb A‡bK eo gv‡ci mvwnZ¨ mgv‡jvPK wQ‡jb|Õ Aveyj †nv‡m‡bi mvwnZ¨-i“wP M‡o D‡V‡Q AvBqy‡ei Av`‡k©| DËiKv‡ji Aveyj †nv‡mb †jLv‡jwL‡Z weijcÖR, mshZ-i“wPkxj wkí‡ev‡ai cwiPvqK n‡q I‡Vb| beem‡š—i ci Zuvi wØZxq Kve¨MÖš’ weim msjvc (1969) cÖKvwkZ nq cÖvq 20 eQi ci| Zuvi Ab¨ MÖš’¸‡jv n‡”Q Ñ nvIqv, †Zvgvi wK `ytmvnm (1982), `yt¯^cœ †_‡K `yt¯^‡cœ (1985), GLbI mgq Av‡Q (1997), wbe©vwPZ KweZv (1997), Avi wK‡mi A‡c¶v (2000), ivRKvwnbx (2004), Abyev` Ñ BKev‡ji KweZv (1952), Avgvi Rb¥f~wg (1978), Ab¨ †¶‡Îi dmj (1990), Aveyj †nv‡m‡bi e¨½ KweZv (1982), Aveyj †nv‡m‡bi †cÖ‡gi KweZv (2008), ¯§„wZK_v Ñ Avgvi GB †QvU fyeb (2000), Avi GK fyeb (2005)| mvwn‡Z¨ we‡kl Ae`v‡bi Rb¨ jvf K‡i‡Qb evsjv GKv‡Wwg cyi¯‹vi, GKz‡k cyi¯‹vimn AmsL¨ cyi¯‹vi-m¤§vbbv| Zuvi e¨½ KweZvi wk‡ivbvg n‡”Q ÔRbM‡Yi evmiÕ, Ôd‡ZvqvevwRÕ, Ô†`‡kv×viÕ, ÔMYZ‡š¿i cÖwZ evsjv‡`‡ki ivRbxwZKÕ, Ômš¿vmÕ BZ¨vw`| GKUv KweZv n‡”Q Ñ ZvgvKI Lvb, WyWyI Lvb Zx‡_© hvb wn›`y¯’vb GK mgq cÖv‡Yi Uv‡b byb †L‡q‡Qb cvwK¯—v‡b KL‡bv i“k wKsev Pxwb KL‡bv †Lv` gvwK©wb hLb cvwb †hw`‡K Movq †b‡g c‡ob †mw`KUvq| GB KweZv co‡jB †evSv hvq, Aveyj †nv‡mb mgKvjxb jy‡¤úb mgvR‡K †Kvb `„wó‡Z †`‡L‡Qb| wZwb †`‡L‡Qb `yt¯^‡cœi eZ©gvb Ges Rxe‡bi `ytmn ev¯—e‡K| Zuvi MÖ‡š’i wk‡ivbvg nq ZvB `yt¯^cœ †_‡K `yt¯^‡cœ| †Kv‡bv iƒcK_vi AZxZ bq, fwel¨rI †hb `yt¯^cœgwÊZ| †`k, Kvj, AvZ¥Zv, ¯^vfvweKfv‡eB aiv c‡o‡Q Zuvi KweZvq : ¯§„wZP~Y© Ñ hLb eqm wQ‡jv `j †eu‡a Zi“Y eÜziv Avm‡Zv †gŠgvwQi g‡Zv, KLbI GKvKx| †mB GK Iovi mgq, gvwU‡Z cv c‡o bv| Avi GLb †h hvi evRv‡i †M‡Q| cvsï Auvk‡U N‡i evwZ †R¡‡j e‡m Av‡Q h‡¶i g~wZ©i g‡Zv GKv GKRb wbtkã wewb`ª cvnvivq| A_ev ey‡×i g~wZ© †m, wbe©vY cÖv_©bvq, ¶zav-Z…òvnxb| kã †bB Nigq Kv‡ji hvÎvi ¯§„wZ MgMg K‡i| (Ôm½ : wbtm½ZvÕ, `yt¯^cœ †_‡K `yt¯^‡cœ) hvwcZ Rxe‡bi cÖvZ¨wnKZvq wZwb K¬vš— bb, Z‡e wbtm½Zv I `yt‡Li Abyf~wZ Ggb m~² †h, Zv‡K cwie¨³ Ki‡Z nq Rxe‡biB iƒcK‡í| KweZvi †fZ‡i wZwb mÂvi K‡i †`b mg‡qi weP~Y© ev¯—eZv| wesk kZvãx †_‡K GKwesk kZvãxi cÖ_g `kK ch©š— Aveyj †nv‡mb hvcb K‡i †M‡Qb msnZ GK wkíxi Rxeb| Zuvi ¯^vZš¿¨, mZZv I mgvR-m‡PZbZv Ges AvaywbK Rxeb`„wó mgKvjxb KweKgx©‡K c_Pjvq †cÖiYv †RvMv‡e wbðq| Aveyj †nv‡mb gymjgvb evOvwj Kwe‡`i g‡a¨ cÖ_g AvaywbK Kwe wn‡m‡e ¯§iYxq n‡q _vK‡eb| 

wZb Aveyj †nv‡mb wek¦mvwn‡Z¨i Ávb AR©b K‡iwQ‡jb| evsjv‡`‡ki KweZv m¤ú‡K© Zvi ¯^Kxq wPš—v wQj| evsjv GKv‡Wwg †_‡K †ei nIqv Zvi Abyev` Ab¨ †¶‡Zi dmj m¤ú‡K© wKQy K_v ejv hvq| Ab¨iKg cwiPh©vi Qvc Av‡Q MÖš’wU‡Z| wZwb e‡j‡Qb : Ôwe‡`kx KweZv co‡Z wM‡q hLb †Kvb KweZv fv‡jv †j‡M‡Q Ges g‡b n‡q‡Q IUv ZR©gv K‡i †`Lv hvq, ZLb †m Kv‡R nvZ w`‡qwQ| GB eB‡qi Kwe I KweZv¸‡jv wbe©vP‡bi m~Î GUvB| †mR‡b¨B GB eB‡Z Bs‡iwR KweZvi m‡½ D`©y Ges Avfi fvlvi KweZv Xz‡K †M‡Q| cvðv‡Z¨i m‡½ cÖvP¨ G‡m wg‡k‡Q| Bs‡iR, gvwK©bx, K‡Kkxq, cvwK¯—vbx, mv`v-Kv‡jv I Zvgv‡U e‡m‡Qb GKB †Uwe‡j| Gu‡`i †`k, fvlv, cwi‡ek, ag©, ms¯‹…wZ, mvgvwRK I ivR‰bwZK Ae¯’v Ges e¨e¯’v wfbœ|Õ Lye PgrKvi GB MÖš’wU‡Z i‡q‡Qb DBwjqvg evUjvi B‡qUm, gyn¤§` BKevj, ievU© d«÷, GRiv cvDÛ, Ugvm ÷vb©m GwjqU, j¨vsmUb wnDR, Rb evwig¨vb, imyj nvgRwUd| GKwU msw¶ß RxebK_vi ci wKQy KweZvi bv›`wbK Abyev` K‡i‡Qb Aveyj †nv‡mb| G-Abyev‡` Kwei KweZ¡ wPwýZ| Kwefvlv wbe©vP‡b wbR¯^ixwZB cÖ‡qvM K‡i‡Qb| B‡qUm G‡Z K‡i n‡q D‡V‡Qb G‡`kxq, cÖvP¨xq Ñ AvaywbK| GKUz cix¶v K‡i wbB, B‡qU‡mi ÔFor Anne GregoryÕ †_‡K : Never shall a young man, Thrown into dispair By those great honey-coloured Ramparts at your Ear, Love you for yourself alone And not your yellow hair.

Ggb cO&w³i `y`v© š— Abyev` K‡i‡Qb Aveyj †nv‡mb| AvU‡cŠ‡i fvlvq, wbivfiY Q‡›` Zvi cÖKvkiƒc G Mfxi Ges gnr cÖYqevwÃZ : Ô†Zvgvi Kv‡bi cv‡k H gay-i‡Oi wekvj †`qvj¸‡jvq nZvk hyeK K¶‡bv fv‡jv Ñ

54

evm‡e bv †Zvgv‡KB, †Zvgvi nj‡` Pzj bq, †Kej †Zvgvi R‡b¨B|Õ Ggwb Bs‡iwR KweZvq Gwjq‡Ui Abyev`I †ek AvKl©Yxq| ÔRvbvjvi av‡i mKvjÕ KweZvi †kl ¯—eK †_‡K Zy‡j aiwQ : Kzqvkvi ev`vwg †XD¸‡jv mo‡Ki Zjv †_‡K fvOv‡Pviv gyL¸‡jv Qy‡o w`‡”Q Avgvi w`‡K Avi wQu‡o Av‡b Kv`vfwZ© ¯‹vU©civ GK c_Pvixi AKviY nvwm, hv nvIqvq fvm‡Z fvm‡Z Qv‡`i KvQvKvwQ G‡m wgwj‡q hvq| g~‡ji fve KvQvKvwQ wKš‘ cy‡ivUvB Avgv‡`i HwZn¨ a‡i Dc‡fvM Kiv hvq| GK ¯^Zš¿ evKixwZ Ñ †hwU weim msjvc wKsev nvIqv †Zvgvi wK `ytmvn‡mi g‡a¨I †g‡j|

Pvi evsjv‡`‡ki KweZvq Aveyj †nv‡mb Av`¨š— AvaywbK| †m-ixwZwU GKcÖKvi wbix¶vi †fZi w`‡q wZwb AvqË K‡iwQ‡jb| KweZv‡K digvj bq, gvby‡li Kv‡Q, cÖvZ¨wnKZvi Kwi‡Wv‡i †cuŠ‡Q w`‡q‡Qb| †mRb¨ kã n‡q‡Q Mfxi Ges evKcÖZxgvq ˆZwi n‡q‡Q evowZ gvÎv| evOvwj gymwjg Kwe‡`i g‡a¨ cÖ_g AvaywbK †h-ixwZwU beemš— w`‡q ïi“ n‡qwQj Z †Kv‡bvmgq msk‡q Av”Qbœ nqwb, wØavwš^ZI bq| nq‡Zv wZwb cÖfv‡ei `vcU Avb‡Z cv‡ibwb, c‡ii Kwe‡`i wPš—vq; wKš‘ †kl ch©š— ˆ¯’h© wb‡q wb‡Ri wek¦v‡mB AUj wQ‡jb| `xN© Rxe‡bi †h Rvwb© Zv‡Z Zvi m¤§yL cÖZx¶v wQj Ñ G-cÖR‡b¥i Kwe‡`i wb‡q| †m-AwfÁZvUzKz Awfbe wKQy bq, cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki PP©vi †fZ‡iB Zv Av‡Q Ñ †mwU A‡b‡KB GwM‡q wb‡q‡Qb| mvBwq` AvZxKzj­vn Ges Zvi cieZx© A‡b‡KB| KweZv †Zv †cQ‡bi wRwbm bq, gb‡bi †fZi w`‡q wPibex‡bi c_ Aegy³ Ki‡e, m¤§y‡L G¸‡ev| †mwU Zuvi †jLvqB Av‡Q, AbymiYxq n‡eb wZwb Gfv‡eB| 

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eyj †nv‡mb (1922-2014) Avgv‡`i evOvwj gymjgvb Kwe‡`i g‡a¨ cÖ_g AvaywbK| w·kvËi AvaywbK evsjv KweZvi †h-aviv DËiKv‡ji Kwe‡`i nv‡Z weKwkZ n‡qwQj, Aveyj †nv‡mb wQ‡jb †m-avivi mdj DËivwaKvix| Rxeb`„wó I Kve¨fvlv w`‡q wZwb Avgv‡`i hy³ K‡iwQ‡jb AvaywbKZvi m‡½| Zuvi mgmvgwqK gymjgvb Kweiv n‡jb Avnmvb nvexe, dii“L Avng`, †ebRxi Avng`, Ave`yj Kvw`i, mywdqv Kvgvj, gwnDwÏb, ûgvqyb Kwei, KvRx Kv‡`i †bIqvR, e‡›` Avjx wgqv cÖgyL| gRvi e¨vcvi n‡”Q, Avgv‡`i GB gymjgvb Kweiv, Zuviv †mB mg‡q Lye cwiwPZ wQ‡jb| wKš‘ AvaywbKZvUv Zuviv eyS‡jbB bv| Zuviv wjL‡jb cyi‡bv auv‡Pi KweZv| Zuv‡`i g‡a¨ me‡P‡q cÖwZfvevb wQ‡jb Kwe Ave`yj Kvw`i| Zuvi i“wP, im‡eva I cvwÊZ¨ wQj wKš‘ wZwbI nuvU‡jb cyi‡bv c‡_| Avaywb‡Ki c‡_ nuvU‡jb Lye ¯^ímsL¨K Kwe Ñ Avnmvb nvexe, dii“L Avng`, †Mvjvg KzÏym Ges Aveyj †nv‡mb| Zuv‡`i g‡a¨ Avnmvb nvex‡ei ivw·kl (1947), dii“L Avng‡`i mvZmvM‡ii gvwS (1944) Ges Aveyj †nv‡m‡bi beemš— cÖKvwkZ nq 1940 mv‡j| cÖKv‡ki m‡½ m‡½ eyׇ`e emy I †cÖ‡g›`ª wgÎ-m¤úvw`Z AvaywbK evsjv KweZvi cÖavbZg gyLcÎ KweZv cwÎKvq MÖš’wUi Av‡jvPbv K‡ib bxnviiÄb ivq, iƒcvq‡Y my‡evaP›`ª †mb¸ß, K…l‡K Aveyj gbmyi Avng`, mIMv‡Z †Mvjvg KzÏym, PZzi‡½ kIKZ Imgvb| GKB mg‡q cÖKvwkZ myfvl gy‡Lvcva¨v‡qi (1919-2003) c`vwZ‡Ki (1940) cÖ_g KweZv ÔmK‡ji Mv‡bÕi cO&w³ Ñ ÔKg‡iW, AvR behyM Avb‡e bv?/ KzqvkvKwVb evmi †h m¤§y‡LÕ Ges Aveyj †nv‡m‡bi beemš— MÖ‡š’i cÖ_g KweZv Ôbehy‡MÕi †kl `ywU cO&w³ Ñ ÔKvb †c‡Z Øv‡i mvivivZ †R‡M iB/ Av‡m Av‡m †m †h ï‡q ï‡q ïwb|Õ `ywU KweZv‡ZB Avmbœ bZzb hy‡Mi evZ©v aŸwbZ n‡q‡Q| Aveyj †nv‡m‡bi beem‡š— ¯úw›`Z n‡q‡Q g~jZ evOvwj gymjgv‡bi AvaywbK n‡q IVvi evZ©v| wZwi‡ki Kwe‡`i cÖavb Q›` wQj A¶ie„Ë Avi Aveyj †nv‡m‡bi beemš— Kve¨MÖ‡š’ ¯^ie„Ë, gvÎve„Ë Ges gy³K A¶ie„‡Ëi Awgj, mwg‡ji KweZv Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB| AvaywbK evsjv KweZv ej‡Z hv †evSvq, Zvi Rb¥B n‡q‡Q iex›`ªbv_‡K we‡ivwaZv K‡i| iex›`ªbv_ evsjv KweZv‡K GZ wgwó K‡i †d‡jwQ‡jb †hb, GUv Lye GKUv †cje wRwbm, ïay MxwZgqZv| MxwZgqZv †_‡K `vX©¨ G‡b †`Iqvi

55

KvRwU K‡iwQ‡jb wZwi‡ki Kweiv mw¤§wjZfv‡e| Kve¨fvlvi GB cwieZ©‡bi m‡½ m‡½ G‡jv M`¨KweZv| iex›`ªbv_B cÖ_g M`¨KweZv wjL‡Z ïi“ K‡iwQ‡jb, Aek¨ M`¨KweZvq wZwb GKai‡bi Mí e‡j‡Qb| iex›`ªbv‡_i aviYv wQj, Q›`wg‡ji †h-KweZv, †mUv‡Z mewKQy †jLv hvq bv| M`¨KweZvi g‡a¨ GKUv cÖvZ¨wnKZv Av‡Q, Zvi E‡aŸ© bq| GUv †h mwVK bq, Zv DËiKv‡j mgi †mb cÖgvY K‡i‡Qb| mgi †mbB mvnwmKZvi m‡½ evsjv KweZv‡K Mreuvav wbq‡gi ga¨ †_‡K †ei K‡i M`¨KweZvi cÖvYcÖwZôv K‡ib| Aveyj †nv‡mb AvZ¥gyw³i c_ Lyu‡R †c‡jb mgi †m‡bi Abym„Z c‡_B| GK mv¶vrKv‡i Aveyj †nv‡mb e‡j‡Qb Ñ ÔAvgvi g‡b n‡jv, Avwg KweZv wkL‡ev †mB fvlvq, †h fvlvq gvbyl K_v ej‡Q nvUevRv‡i, Wªwqsi“‡g| †h-Kvi‡Y Avwg mgi †mb‡K eo Kwe ewj, †mUv n‡”Q M`¨KweZv, GB M`¨KweZvq †h Q›`im _vK‡Z cv‡i, †mUv G‡b‡Qb mgi †mb| Avwg mgi †m‡bi Kv‡Q GUv wk‡LwQ|Õ (Kv‡ji †Lqv, 150 msL¨v, 29 AvM÷, 2008) Aveyj †nv‡mb cÖ_g wjL‡jb mwgj M`¨KweZv Ñ AvR‡Ki w`‡b ivbœvN‡ii AÜKv‡ii gv‡S †h †g‡qiv e‡m Px‡b evmb gv‡R gkjv wcl‡Z †PvL f‡i Av‡m R‡j Zv‡`‡iv AÜ Rxe‡bi Z‡j DuwKSzuwK gv‡i ivRKzgvi| †cuqvR KvUvi duv‡K g‡bi Mn‡b iweVvKz‡ii GKwU jvBb nq‡Zv wPÎ Auv‡K nq‡Zv KL‡bv g‡b †Zv‡j †`vjv †kwji GKwU KweZv, AvZ¥‡fvjv KxU‡mi Agi IW¸‡jv nq‡Zv c‡_i ay‡jv msev` Av‡b ivRKzgv‡ii AvMg‡bi myß g‡bi Avovj †`Iqv c`©vUv hvq †du‡m GKwU wbwg‡l| (ÔAvgiv : evsjvi †g‡qÕ, beemš—) Aveyj †nv‡m‡bi beemš— MÖ‡š’ k‡ã, Q‡›`, Dcgvq wZwb Aweijfv‡e cÖ‡qvM K‡i‡Qb †m-hy‡Mi KwVb mgvRev¯—eZv| KweZvq gvby‡li gy‡Li fvlvi AbyeZx© KZ mvaviY nIqv hvq, Zvi w`‡KB AMÖmi n‡q‡Qb wZwb| GUvB n‡”Q Aveyj †nv‡m‡bi †¯^vDcvwR©Z AvaywbKZv| Aveyj †nv‡mb Gfv‡e Zuvi wbR¯^ RM‡Z cÖ‡ek K‡ib Ges evK&ixwZ I Kve¨fvlvq AvZ¥mv¶vr jvf K‡ib| Avgv‡K Agi Ki‡Z Pvq g„Zz¨ BwZnv‡mi cvZvq, hy‡Mi fvlvq, gvby‡li K_vq j¶ ey‡Ki ¯ú›`‡b| euvwP‡q ivL‡Z Pvq Abš—Kv‡ji Rb¨ Zvi RxqbKvwVi ¯úk© w`‡q KviY g„Zz¨‡K K‡iwQ Avwg Rq| g„Zz¨‡Z Kweiv Agi nb| Kwe I e¨w³ G `y‡q wg‡j n‡q I‡V wkíx I wkí| cÖvq 92 eQi eqm †c‡qwQ‡jb Aveyj †nv‡mb| gvÎ 21 eQi eq‡m cÖ_g Kve¨MÖš’ beemš— cÖKv‡ki ci wZwb bZzbavivi Kwe wn‡m‡e †ev×v cvVK gn‡ji `„wó AvKl©Y K‡ib| †c‡q‡Qb iex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii mvwbœa¨| Nwbôfv‡e †gjv‡gkvi my‡hvM †c‡qwQ‡jb KvRx bRi“j Bmjvg, eyׇ`e emy, Rxebvb›` `vk, myax›`ªbv_ `Ë, Awgq PµeZx©, †cÖ‡g›`ª wgÎ, mgi †mb, Ave`yj Kvw`i, mywdqv Kvgvj, ûgvqyb Kwei, ˆmq` gyRZev Avjx, Avey mqx` AvBqye cÖgyL Kwe, †jLK, mgv‡jvP‡Ki m‡½| Zuvi Kg©RxebI wQj ˆewPΨgq, †k‡l hyM¥mwPe †_‡K Aem‡i hvb| wKš‘ †hLv‡b KvR K‡i‡Qb, wQ‡jb KweZvq wbgMœ| cÖ_g

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Rxe‡b cÖPzi wjL‡jI c‡i Avey mqx` AvBqy‡ei civg‡k© †jLv Kwg‡q w`‡qwQ‡jb| GK mv¶vrKv‡i wZwb e‡j‡Qb, ÔAvey mqx` AvBqye ej‡jb, GZ †h wjL‡Qb, G‡Z wK †jLvi gvb a‡i ivLv hvq? Avey mqx` AvBqy‡ei K_vUv Avgvi fv‡jv jvM‡jv, Avwg ¸i“Z¡ w`jvg| Dwb A‡bK eo gv‡ci mvwnZ¨ mgv‡jvPK wQ‡jb|Õ Aveyj †nv‡m‡bi mvwnZ¨-i“wP M‡o D‡V‡Q AvBqy‡ei Av`‡k©| DËiKv‡ji Aveyj †nv‡mb †jLv‡jwL‡Z weijcÖR, mshZ-i“wPkxj wkí‡ev‡ai cwiPvqK n‡q I‡Vb| beem‡š—i ci Zuvi wØZxq Kve¨MÖš’ weim msjvc (1969) cÖKvwkZ nq cÖvq 20 eQi ci| Zuvi Ab¨ MÖš’¸‡jv n‡”Q Ñ nvIqv, †Zvgvi wK `ytmvnm (1982), `yt¯^cœ †_‡K `yt¯^‡cœ (1985), GLbI mgq Av‡Q (1997), wbe©vwPZ KweZv (1997), Avi wK‡mi A‡c¶v (2000), ivRKvwnbx (2004), Abyev` Ñ BKev‡ji KweZv (1952), Avgvi Rb¥f~wg (1978), Ab¨ †¶‡Îi dmj (1990), Aveyj †nv‡m‡bi e¨½ KweZv (1982), Aveyj †nv‡m‡bi †cÖ‡gi KweZv (2008), ¯§„wZK_v Ñ Avgvi GB †QvU fyeb (2000), Avi GK fyeb (2005)| mvwn‡Z¨ we‡kl Ae`v‡bi Rb¨ jvf K‡i‡Qb evsjv GKv‡Wwg cyi¯‹vi, GKz‡k cyi¯‹vimn AmsL¨ cyi¯‹vi-m¤§vbbv| Zuvi e¨½ KweZvi wk‡ivbvg n‡”Q ÔRbM‡Yi evmiÕ, Ôd‡ZvqvevwRÕ, Ô†`‡kv×viÕ, ÔMYZ‡š¿i cÖwZ evsjv‡`‡ki ivRbxwZKÕ, Ômš¿vmÕ BZ¨vw`| GKUv KweZv n‡”Q Ñ ZvgvKI Lvb, WyWyI Lvb Zx‡_© hvb wn›`y¯’vb GK mgq cÖv‡Yi Uv‡b byb †L‡q‡Qb cvwK¯—v‡b KL‡bv i“k wKsev Pxwb KL‡bv †Lv` gvwK©wb hLb cvwb †hw`‡K Movq †b‡g c‡ob †mw`KUvq| GB KweZv co‡jB †evSv hvq, Aveyj †nv‡mb mgKvjxb jy‡¤úb mgvR‡K †Kvb `„wó‡Z †`‡L‡Qb| wZwb †`‡L‡Qb `yt¯^‡cœi eZ©gvb Ges Rxe‡bi `ytmn ev¯—e‡K| Zuvi MÖ‡š’i wk‡ivbvg nq ZvB `yt¯^cœ †_‡K `yt¯^‡cœ| †Kv‡bv iƒcK_vi AZxZ bq, fwel¨rI †hb `yt¯^cœgwÊZ| †`k, Kvj, AvZ¥Zv, ¯^vfvweKfv‡eB aiv c‡o‡Q Zuvi KweZvq : ¯§„wZP~Y© Ñ hLb eqm wQ‡jv `j †eu‡a Zi“Y eÜziv Avm‡Zv †gŠgvwQi g‡Zv, KLbI GKvKx| †mB GK Iovi mgq, gvwU‡Z cv c‡o bv| Avi GLb †h hvi evRv‡i †M‡Q| cvsï Auvk‡U N‡i evwZ †R¡‡j e‡m Av‡Q h‡¶i g~wZ©i g‡Zv GKv GKRb wbtkã wewb`ª cvnvivq| A_ev ey‡×i g~wZ© †m, wbe©vY cÖv_©bvq, ¶zav-Z…òvnxb| kã †bB Nigq Kv‡ji hvÎvi ¯§„wZ MgMg K‡i| (Ôm½ : wbtm½ZvÕ, `yt¯^cœ †_‡K `yt¯^‡cœ) hvwcZ Rxe‡bi cÖvZ¨wnKZvq wZwb K¬vš— bb, Z‡e wbtm½Zv I `yt‡Li Abyf~wZ Ggb m~² †h, Zv‡K cwie¨³ Ki‡Z nq Rxe‡biB iƒcK‡í| KweZvi †fZ‡i wZwb mÂvi K‡i †`b mg‡qi weP~Y© ev¯—eZv| wesk kZvãx †_‡K GKwesk kZvãxi cÖ_g `kK ch©š— Aveyj †nv‡mb hvcb K‡i †M‡Qb msnZ GK wkíxi Rxeb| Zuvi ¯^vZš¿¨, mZZv I mgvR-m‡PZbZv Ges AvaywbK Rxeb`„wó mgKvjxb KweKgx©‡K c_Pjvq †cÖiYv †RvMv‡e wbðq| Aveyj †nv‡mb gymjgvb evOvwj Kwe‡`i g‡a¨ cÖ_g AvaywbK Kwe wn‡m‡e ¯§iYxq n‡q _vK‡eb| 

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nv‡Zi cÖv_©bvi wb‡e`b Qvov| bv| Avgiv hviv Zuvi mvwbœa¨ †c‡qwQ ev Gi Av‡M K¨vb‡eiv‡Z Bgb‡KI Kv‡Q †_‡K Zuv‡K †R‡bwQ, Zviv gMœ nB eDw`‡K Avbv‡bvi K_v e‡jwQ| Bgb GK cÖv_©bvq| Rvwb‡q‡Q, †mUv m¤¢e bq| KviY eDw`i Avgv‡`i mevi wgwjZ cÖv_©b vi wb‡RiI i‡q‡Q †ekwKQy kvixwiK mgm¨v| †Rvqv‡i hw` †f‡m hvq IB fqvbK AZ j¤^v mgq wegvb ågY Zuvi Øviv n‡e Kvje¨vwa! bv| Avgiv Avkvq eyK †eu‡a A‡c¶vq †fZ‡i †fZ‡i Kvbœv †P‡c †i‡L _vwK, †K‡gv w`‡j wbðq ax‡i ax‡i `v`v ejjvg, †`‡k K_v e‡j‡Qb K‡e| Lye Avwg ¯úó †`L‡Z †cjvg, Avevi Av‡Mi ch©v‡q wd‡i hv‡eb| mgq ¶xY K‡É ej‡jb, g‡b †bB| ci¶‡YB `v`vi †PvL †fRv ev‡®ú R‡g jv¸K| ej‡jb, †`‡k hve GKUz fv‡jv n‡jB| †K‡gv ïi“ nIqvi K_v wZwi‡k GwcÖj wd‡i Avmvi mgq wd‡i wd‡i Avm‡Q| Avgvi g‡b n‡jv, _vK‡jI kvixwiK `ye©jZvi Ges ZvwK‡qwQ| g‡b g‡b AvcÖvY cÖv_©bv K‡iwQ G-gyn~‡Z© eDw`‡K fxlY Avbylw½K Av‡iv A‡bK Kvi‡Y †mB †K‡gv Ñ GB †`LvB †hb †kl †`Lv bv nq| `iKvi `v`vi cv‡k| GKgvÎ ïi“ n‡jv †ek †`wi‡Z| mgq Mwo‡q †M‡Q| `v`vi Ae¯’v w`‡b †g‡qwU hw` evevi gv_vq †g gv‡mi Pvi Zvwi‡L Bg‡bi †U·U w`‡b Lviv‡ci w`‡KB †h‡Z †_‡K‡Q| Avj‡Zv K‡i nvZ ivLZ, Avevi AÜKvi Nwb‡q w`‡jv †Pv‡Li gv‡S nq‡Zv GKUz fv‡jv nq, wKš‘ _v‡K nq‡Zv Ab¨iKg GK Abyfe Pvicvk| †m wj‡LwQj, Ôevev fv‡jv †bBÕ bv †ewk¶Y| Gfv‡eB P‡j hvw”Qj| †c‡Zb `v`v| ïwK‡q hvIqv ey‡Ki †fZ‡i nvZzwo wc‡UwQj| Zr¶Yvr Ryb gv‡mi cÖ_g w`‡K Bgb Avev‡iv gyLUv‡Z nq‡Zv GKUz gwjb †dvb w`‡q ïavB Ñ DËi †g‡j, Ae¯’v Lye †Póv Kiv ïi“ Kij `v`v‡K wm½vcy‡i †ek Lvivc| wKQyB ejv hv‡”Q bv| wb‡q hvIqvi| Wv³vi Rvwb‡qwQ‡jb, †`Lv Av‡jv R¡‡j DV‡ZI cviZ| gv‡S gv‡SB Bgb Avjvc KiZ| hvK hw` GiKg _v‡K Avi wm½vcyi †m-Av‡jv Avi R¡jj bv| RvbvZ evev‡K wm½vcy‡i wb‡q hvIqvi GqvijvB‡Ýi me KvMRcÎ hw` G‡Kev‡iB bv| †Póvi K_v| Lye †P‡qwQj †m; wKš‘ h_vh_fv‡e c~iY Kiv hvq I‡`i wmWwbi Wv³vi‡`i c¶ †_‡K †mB kZ©gvwdK, Z‡e †bIqv †h‡Z cv‡i I‡`i QvocÎB †g‡j bv| †ivMx enbKvix we‡kl †÷ªPv‡i K‡i| Ae‡k‡l †g gv‡mi †Z‡iv Zvwi‡L cÖ_g †K‡gv †`Iqv n‡jv `v`v bvwK gv‡S gv‡SB Bgb‡K wRÁvmvI Ki‡Zb Zuvi d¬vBU `v`v‡K `yciy GKUv †_‡K we‡Kj cuvPUv ch©š—| wKš‘ Ae¯’vi K‡e| cÖ_g w`‡K A‡÷ªwjqv †Q‡o †h‡ZB PvB‡Zb bv, fve‡Zb †Zgb †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b g‡b n‡jv bv| GLv‡b _vK‡jB my¯’ n‡q evwo †h‡Z cvi‡eb| wKš‘ c‡ii w`‡K GB fv‡jv, GB Avevi †ek Lvivc Ñ Gfv‡eB PjwQj| Gi bvbv iKg RwUjZvRwbZ aK‡j wZwbI PvBwQ‡jb bv Avi GLv‡b gv‡S †`Iqv n‡jv Av‡iv GKUv †K‡gv| _vK‡Z| XvKv †_‡K †e½j M¨vjvwii KY©avi Aveyj Lv‡qi fvB Qy‡U Ry‡bi wek Zvwi‡L †Kb †hb g‡b n‡jv `v`v‡K †`L‡Z hve| G‡jb `v`v‡K †`L‡Z †g gv‡mi GMv‡iv Zvwi‡Li w`‡K| wb‡Ri we‡K‡ji w`‡K KvR †kl K‡i Avevi †mB wZb NÈv Mvwo Pvwj‡q †Pv‡L †`‡L †R‡b Ges ey‡S †M‡jb `v`vi Ae¯’v| hv wKQy †Mjvg I‡q÷wgW nvmcvZv‡j| †ek ivZ n‡q wM‡qwQj| cÖ‡qvRb g‡b Ki‡jb `v`vi fv‡jvi Rb¨ Zvi e¨e¯’v K‡i †Kv‡bvg‡ZB XyK‡Z †`‡e bv| †ivMx †`Lvi wba©vwiZ mgqmxgv †M‡jb| †cwi‡q †M‡Q LvwbK Av‡M GB e‡j wdwi‡q w`‡jv| A_P Avgvi Aj‡¶ †KD wb‡`©k †`q| ARv‡š— †KD me cvB cvB wnmve Kcv‡j nq‡Zv †jLv wQj, †klev‡ii g‡Zv Avevi †`Lv| †fZi K‡i iv‡L| K‡e KLb Kxfv‡e †Kv_vq| Avgv‡`i †Kv‡bv †_‡K GKRb †ewi‡q Avm‡ZB cÖ‡ekc‡_i ¯^qswµq `iRv Ly‡j cwiKíbvB Kv‡R Av‡m bv| †Mj; Avi Avgv‡K †iv‡L †K! †mvRv gv_v wbPz K‡i †Kv‡bvw`‡K Avgv‡`i wbqwZi Kv‡Q Avgiv Amnvq| eo †ewk Amnvq| bv ZvwK‡q nb-nb K‡i Xy‡K †Mjvg| mvRy wQj nvmcvZv‡j| Zvi Avgv‡`i Kv‡iv nv‡ZB wKQy †bB| †KD wK”Qy Ki‡Z cvi‡Q †_‡K wVK †Kv_vq †h‡Z n‡e †R‡b wb‡q hLb †mLv‡b †cuŠQjvg, bv| cviv hvq bv| †mLv‡bI evav| Dwb‡k †g `ycy‡ii w`‡K K¨vb‡eiv †_‡K `v`v‡K †`L‡Z `v`v‡K AvBwmBD‡Z †i‡L‡Q| Wv³vi bvwK Rvwb‡q w`‡q‡Qb †Mjvg wmWwbi I‡q÷wgW nvmcvZv‡j| †ek LvwbKUv `ye©j n‡q hv‡K hv‡K Rvbv‡bvi Rvbv‡Z| AvR‡Ki ivZ g‡b nq KvU‡e bv| †M‡Qb| Avgv‡K †`‡L nvm‡jb Lye gwjb GK UzK‡iv nvwm| AvBwmBDi bvm©‡`i Aby‡iva Kiv n‡jv †h, Avgiv my`i~ wRÁvmv Kijvg, †L‡Z cvi‡Qb `v`v| ej‡jb, bv| mwjW Lvevi K¨vb‡eiv †_‡K G‡mwQ GKUz †hb †`L‡Z †`Iqv nq| Zviv †L‡Z cviwQ bv| AbygwZ w`‡jb| †ek LvwbKUv mgq `v`v Avgvi nvZ a‡i iB‡jb Pyc K‡i| †fZ‡i †Mjvg| Kx Ki“Y GK AKíbxq `„k¨! Avgvi †Pv‡L Avgvi g‡b n‡jv Zuvi A‡bK wKQy ejvi Av‡Q| Avwg ¯úó †`L‡Z Avwg Kv‡K †`Ljvg wb‡RB Rvwb bv| Aek n‡q †Mj cv‡qi cvZv| †cjvg, `v`vi †PvL †fRv ev‡®ú R‡g Avm‡Q| Avgvi g‡b n‡jv, IB kx‡Zi iv‡ZI eyS‡Z cvijvg nv‡Zi Zvjy wf‡R hv‡”Q| G-gyn‡~ Z© eDw`‡K fxlY `iKvi `v`vi cv‡k| GKgvÎ †g‡qwU †bwZ‡q c‡o _vKv kix‡i †hb GK we›`yI kw³ Aewkó †bB hw` evevi gv_vq Avj‡Zv K‡i nvZ ivLZ, nq‡Zv Ab¨iKg GK Avi| `v`vi euv-nv‡Zi w`‡K †PvL co‡ZB ey‡Ki †fZiUv û-û Abyfe †c‡Zb `v`v| ïwK‡q hvIqv gyLUv‡Z nq‡Zv GKUz gwjb K‡i DVj| UKU‡K jvj ¶Z-we¶Z cy‡ivUv nvZ Aek c‡o Av‡jv R¡‡j DV‡ZI cviZ| †m-Av‡jv Avi R¡jj bv| G‡Kev‡iB Av‡Q| bv‡K-gy‡L-nv‡Z bj w`‡q i³, Aw·‡Rb Avi m¨vjvB‡bi

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Aweivg Pjgvb cÖwµqv Pj‡Q| weQvbvi cv‡k GKUz `uvovjvg| `v`v Lye ax‡i ax‡i †Kb †hb †PvL Lyj‡jb, †mvRv ZvKv‡jb Avgvi w`‡K Ñ Lye K‡ói Qvqv †m †Pv‡Li †Nvjv‡U cvZvq| †Kv‡bv fvlv †bB Avgvi †mB ¶‡Yi weeiY cÖKv‡ki| Avgvi K‡ói †bvbv jeY M‡j hvIqvi Av‡MB †ewi‡q Gjvg Lye Av‡¯— Av‡¯—| ciw`b we‡Kj bvMv` Bg‡bi KvQ †_‡K †Kv‡bv †U·U bv †c‡q mܨvq KuvcvKuvcv nv‡Z I‡K †dvb w`jvg| Rvbjvg Kvj iv‡Zi IB fqven bxj welv³ g„Zz¨ `vb‡ei †Qvej Kvgov‡Z cv‡iwb `v`v‡K| ¯^w¯—i Pvcv wbk¦vm Rvwb‡q w`‡jv, Avgv‡K Avgvi f‡qi Zxeª Kuvcywb AvcvZZ _vgv‡Z n‡e| Gi g‡a¨ ïi“ n‡q †Mj Avgv‡`i †ivRvi gvm| wØZxq †ivRvi w`b wZwi‡k Ryb mKv‡j G‡jv †mB Lei| †mB eyK-Kuvcv‡bv †PvL-fvmv‡bv Lei| `v`v Avi †bB| _g †g‡i _vKv Avgvi †fZ‡i ZLb Avi wKQy Ki‡Z gb PvBj bv| wb‡¯—R Avgvi g‡b n‡jv Avwg Lye Kv‡Qi, Lye Avcb KvD‡K nvwi‡qwQ| Avgvi mgMÖZvq Kvj‡P welYœZv †Q‡q †Mj| mܨvq BdZvi †L‡q Bg‡bi bv¤^vi Wvqvj Kwi| Bgb †dvb a‡i| wgwbULv‡bK wKQy ej‡Z cvwi bv| Zvici wRÁvmv Kwi, Zzwg †`L‡Z †c‡qwQ‡j? †m Rvbvj, bv| Zv‡K †fviiv‡ZB nvmcvZvj †_‡K †dvb K‡i‡Q| Ae¯’v gvivZ¥K AebwZi w`‡K| †Q‡jUv Kuvcv-Kuvcv nv‡Z wUwKU eyK Ki‡Z †h‡q fyj K‡i e‡m| Gqvi‡cv‡U© wM‡q †`‡L, †m mKv‡ji e`‡j `ycy‡ii wUwKU †K‡U‡Q| Bgb hLb wmWwb †cuŠQvq, Zvi †ek Av‡MB Zvi evev P‡j †M‡Qb ARvbv Mš—‡e¨| bv †divi †`‡k| P‡j †M‡Qb Ab¨ †Kv_vI, Ab¨ GK Zzwji AuvP‡o Ab¨ †Kv‡bv fye‡bi Qwe AuvK‡Z|

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AjsKiY : KvBqyg †PŠayix 64

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wgwjZ n‡q‡Q| †jvKwUi `„wó hZ`~i hvq Ñ gwnjviv mgy‡`ªi w`‡K †nu‡U hv‡”Q e‡j Zv‡`i m¤ú~Y© bMœ e‡jB Zvi g‡b n‡”Q| Avevi Zviv hLb Rj †_‡K D‡V Avm‡Q Avi Lywk‡Z Nb Nb wbk¦vm Uvb‡Q| Zvi ïay †Pv‡L c‡o, Zv‡`i ¯—b¸‡jv bvP‡Q| gwnjviv GKUz AvbZ n‡j ¯—b wb‡Pi w`‡K Sz‡j _v‡K| Zviv nvm‡Q| †Zvqv‡j, wPi“wb Avi ˆZjv³ e¯‘i †LuvR Ki‡Q| Kv‡iv Kv‡iv kixi †hvRK-iwÄZ Kvc‡oi g‡Zv, D‡b¥vwPZ; mv`v ev jvj UzK‡iv Kvc‡oi †cvkvK m~‡h©i AwMœgq †ZR †_‡K Zv‡`i i“wPnxb Ae¯’v‡K mvg‡j †i‡L‡Q| Kv‡iv Kv‡iv ¯—bvMÖ ÷ª‡ewii g‡Zv KuvPv, UmU‡m| `~i †_‡K fv‡jv K‡i ZvKv‡j †`Lv hvq, Zviv †mLv‡b myiwfcÖ‡jc Lye GKUv gv‡Lwb| cyi“lI i‡q‡Q †mLv‡b| Z‡e †m Zv‡`i †`L‡Z cv‡”Q bv| †PvL eÜ K‡i †m mgy‡`ªi MR©b ïb‡Z †Póv Kij| Zvi bv‡K G‡m jvMj bvixi NªvY Ñ myMwÜ †Zj| RgKv‡jv cv‡j we× evZvmZvwoZ ˆkj‡kªwYi Ici AvQ‡o cov m‡db Zi½cy‡Äi gvSLv‡b A‡bK`~i we¯—„Z kvš— I DcmvM‡i A‡bK¶Y muvZvi KvUj †m| ïå Rjivwki wb‡P evjyP‡i Zvi gv_v gvwo‡q hv‡”Q| Kgeqmx gv‡qiv wkï mš—vb‡`i wb‡q AMfxi R‡j †nu‡U †eov‡”Q| Mv‡j big †Uvj cov b¨vs‡Uv wkïiv Zv‡`i gv‡qi kix‡i †j‡Þ _v‡K| gv‡Sg‡a¨

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w`‡bi ci w`b, eQ‡ii ci eQi ax‡i ax‡i AvswUwU gvwUi †fZi †cÖvw_Z n‡Z _v‡K| GwU mwZ¨Kvi A‡_© GKwU my›`i AvswU| Gi bxjgwY eo AvqZ‡¶Îm`„k hvi Pviw`‡K †MvjvKvi nxiK, hv GB PgrKvi ¯—~‡ci cÖ‡Z¨K cv‡k¦© Avbyf~wgKfv‡e emv‡bv n‡q‡Q Ges Pviw`‡K †Lv`vB Kv‡Ri m‡½ wgwj‡q †`Iqv n‡q‡Q| Zviv Avjv`v n‡jI g‡b nq Gme wkï gwnjv‡`i kix‡ii Ask hviv Zvi g‡Zv cyi“‡li gva¨‡g cÖwZ¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q| wb‡Ri kixi ïKv‡bvi Rb¨ †m cv_‡ii Ici mUvb ï‡q _v‡K| KbyB w`‡q cv_i miv‡Z Zvi fv‡jv jv‡M, kix‡ii nvo‡Mvo cv_‡ii m‡½ gvwb‡q wb‡Z wb‡R‡K Aw¯’ifv‡e bvovPvov K‡i| †`‡ni euvK¸‡jv cÖwZ‡iv‡ai cwie‡Z© gvwb‡q †bIqv ch©š— kixiUv‡K ax‡i ax‡i †gvPiv‡Z _v‡K| GKmgq †m Nywg‡q c‡o| †R‡M D‡V †`‡L, Zvi gv_vi cvk w`‡q gwnjviv †nu‡U hv‡”Q, Zv‡`i cv¸‡jv †kf Kiv, g„mY| Zv‡`i †fRv Pz‡ji cvwb Zvi Kuv‡a G‡m Mwo‡q co‡Q| gv‡S gv‡S †m j¶ K‡i‡Q, cvwb‡Z gwnjv‡`i A‡bK wb‡P †m muvZvi KvU‡Q| Zvi k³ Pvgovi kixi nvO‡ii g‡Zv Rj‡K Avj‡Zv K‡i Qyu‡q hv‡”Q| ˆmK‡Z GKv _vK‡j gvbyl hv K‡i wVK †mfv‡eB †m mvM‡ii ey‡K cv_i Qy‡o gv‡i| cvwbi Ici nvjKvfv‡e ¯úk© K‡i cv_i jvwd‡q jvwd‡q †QvUv‡bvi †KŠkj cybt-Avq‡Ë Av‡Q wKbv evwR‡q †`Lvi †Póv K‡i| gyL wb‡P †i‡L GKmgq †m ï‡q c‡o, nv‡Zi gy‡Vvq _vKv mgy`ª-†avqv cv_i LyuwU‡q LyuwU‡q cix¶v Ki‡Z _v‡K| eq¯‹‡`i g‡Zv wbwj©ß fve wb‡q nvZ ¸wU‡q GKUz ZvKvq| wkïiv †hfv‡e GKUv dzj ev cvZvi w`‡K ZvwK‡q _v‡K †mfv‡eB GKUv cv_‡ii w`‡K Zvi `„wó wbeÜ n‡jv| cv_iUvi i‡q‡Q cwjgvwURvZ AvovAvwo `vM, Gi ¶z`ªvs‡ki inm¨c~Y© is,

†M‡Q| nq‡Zv ZLbB †Ui †c‡qwQj wKsev †UiB cvqwb| K‚‡j wd‡i G‡m eySj IUv nvwi‡q †M‡Q| Gi ciciB nq‡Zvev Qy‡U †M‡Q BÝy¨‡iÝ bxwZ‡Z Kx Av‡Q Zv Lyu‡R †ei Ki‡Z| Avi Gw`‡K AvswUwU mvM‡ii Z‡j Mfxi †_‡K MfxiZi cÖ‡`‡k cÖ‡ek K‡i‡Q| G-wel‡q GKmgq nq‡Zv AvswUi gvwjK Drmvn nvwi‡q †d‡j| w`‡bi ci w`b, eQ‡ii ci eQi ax‡i ax‡i AvswUwU gvwUi †fZi †cÖvw_Z n‡Z _v‡K| GwU mwZ¨Kvi A‡_© GKwU my›`i AvswU| Gi bxjgwY eo AvqZ‡¶Îm`„k hvi Pviw`‡K †MvjvKvi nxiK, hv GB PgrKvi ¯—~‡ci cÖ‡Z¨K cv‡k¦© Avbyf~wgKfv‡e emv‡bv n‡q‡Q Ges Pviw`‡K †Lv`vB Kv‡Ri m‡½ wgwj‡q †`Iqv n‡q‡Q| AvswUwU hw`I cÖvq Qq Bw gvwUi wbP †_‡K G‡jvcvZvwo AvOy‡ji †LuvPvq Zz‡j Avbv n‡q‡Q| †m GUvi w`‡K Ggbfv‡e ZvKvw”Qj †hb IUvi gvwjK Zvi Nv‡oi †cQ‡b `uvwo‡q Av‡Q| gwnjviv Zv‡`i kix‡i ˆZj gvL‡Q, ev”Pv‡`i kixi †Zvqv‡j w`‡q gy‡Q w`‡”Q| †QvU Avqbvq ZvwK‡q Zv‡`i †Pv‡Li å“ wVK K‡i wb‡”Q| Zviv cv ¸wU‡q e‡m _v‡K Avi Zv‡`i Dey n‡q _vKv ¯—b¸‡jv †Uwe‡ji Ici †ei n‡q _v‡K, †hLv‡b †nv‡U‡ji I‡qUviiv mvjv` Avi mv`v g‡`i †evZj cwi‡ekb Ki‡Q| †m AvswUwU †i÷z‡i‡›U wb‡q Av‡m hw` †KD wKQy nvwi‡q‡Q e‡j B‡Zvg‡a¨B wi‡cvU© K‡i _v‡K| †i÷z‡i‡›Ui ZË¡veavqK gwnjv

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Qy‡U G‡jb| wZwb m¤¢eZ cÖvqB †Kv‡bv c¶ †_‡K nviv‡bv gv‡ji wel‡q Awf‡hvM ev cÖ¯—ve †c‡q‡Q _v‡Kb| ÔGUv Lye `vwg wRwbm| cywj‡ki †ndvR‡Z ivLvB DËg n‡e|Õ m‡›`n m‡PZbZv evovq| we‡kl K‡i GB we‡`k wefyuB‡q m‡›`n Kivi wKQy KviY _vK‡Z cv‡i| cywj‡ki Kv‡R †Zv e‡UB| †KD hw` AvswUi `vwe`vi bv _v‡K †m‡¶‡Î ¯’vbxq †h-†KD IUv c‡KU¯’ Ki‡Z cv‡i| Zvn‡j Avi Zdvr Kx _vKj| †m AvswUwU wb‡Ri c‡K‡U we‡kl K‡i Zuvi Kuv‡ai e¨v‡M ivLj †hLv‡b UvKv-cqmv, †µwWU KvW©, Mvwoi Pvwe, mvbM­vm _v‡K| †m Avevi ˆmK‡Z wd‡i †Mj| gwnjv‡`i gvSLv‡b cv_‡ii Ici ï‡q coj| iv‡R¨i hZ fvebv Zvi gv_vq| ¯’vbxq cwÎKvq GKUv weÁvcb w`‡jv †m| eyaevi e­y nivBRb ˆmK‡Z GKwU AvswU cvIqv †M‡Q| m‡½ †Uwj‡dvb b¤^i Avi †nv‡U‡ji i“g b¤^i| ZË¡veavqK wVKB e‡jwQ‡jb| cÖPzi †dvb Avm‡Z ïi“ Kij| G‡`i g‡a¨ wKQy cyi“‡li †dvb G‡jv hv‡`i ¯¿x, gv, †g‡q evÜexiv ˆmK‡Z AvswU nvwi‡q‡Q| †m hLb Zv‡`i nviv‡bv AvswUi eY©bv †`Iqvi Rb¨ Aby‡iva K‡i, Zviv ZLb GKUv †KŠkj Aej¤^b K‡i| e‡j GKwU nxivi AvswU| Av‡iv wel`fv‡e e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z ej‡j Zviv wg_¨vi AvkÖq †bq| hLb †Kv‡bv gwnjvi K‡É PvUzKvwi K_v ev gb †fvjv‡bv ¯^i S‡i c‡o (Zv‡`i Kv‡iv Kv‡iv K‡É Kvbœvi myi) wKsev Giv ga¨eqmx e‡j Abygvb Kiv hvq, †m‡¶‡Î gwnjviv Zv‡`i AvswUi eY©bv w`‡Z ïi“ Ki‡j †m †dv‡bi jvBbUv †K‡U †`q| gwnjvi Kɯ^i hw` AvKl©Yxq nq Avi hLb ¯úó nq Kgeqmx †g‡qi Mjv, ZLb †m Zv‡K AvswU kbv³ Kivi Rb¨ †nv‡U‡j Avmvi Aby‡iva Rvbvq| ÔAvswUi eY©bv w`bÕ| †Lvjv e¨vjKwb‡Z Avivg K‡i ewm‡q †m cÖkœ K‡i| mgy`ª †_‡K Avmv Av‡jvI †hb Zv‡`i gy‡L cÖkœevY Qy‡o †`q| GKRb ïay Zv‡K wek¦vm Kiv‡Z †c‡i‡Q, mwZ¨B Zvi GKwU AvswU nviv‡bv †M‡Q| gwnjv Zvi nviv‡bv AvswUi cy•Lvbycy•L eY©bv w`‡qwQj| hvIqvi mgq Zv‡K A‡nZzK Kó †`Iqvi Rb¨ `ytL cÖKvk K‡iwQj| Ab¨iv A‡b‡KB mykÖx, A‡bK †¶‡Î Am¤¢e iK‡gi my›`ix| Zv‡`i †cvkvKI g‡bvniYKvix| Zviv G‡m‡Q AvswU m¤ú‡K© Zv‡`i mvRv‡bv Mí Kv‡R bv jvM‡jI hv‡Z Ab¨ †Kv‡bv D‡Ïk¨ nvwmj Kiv hvq| Zviv a‡i wb‡q‡Q AvswUwU hw` g~j¨evb n‡q _v‡K Zvn‡j Gi g‡a¨ Aek¨B nxiK _vK‡e| `y-GKRb D™¢vebx †KŠk‡ji Øvi¯’ n‡q e‡j, AvswUi m‡½ Av‡iv wKQy g~j¨evb cv_i wQj Z‡e †h‡nZz GwU DËivwaKvim~‡Î (gvZvgnx, PvwP) cÖvß ZvB G¸‡jvi bvg Zv‡`i Rvbv †bB| : wVK Av‡Q| Zv‡`i is, AvK…wZ †Kgb ejyb?

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wZ©‡Ki Kzqvkv Gevi †hb Avwk¦‡bi †Mvov‡ZB wN‡i a‡i‡Q Pvwiw`K| mܨv Nwb‡q bvg‡Z bv bvg‡ZB wgwn eidKzwPi g‡Zv Kzqvkv co‡Z ïi“ K‡i| †mB Kzqvkvq wf‡R wf‡R MÖv‡gi eD-wS‡qiv Av‡m c~Rvgʇc VvKzi †`L‡Z| cÖwZgv-`k©b‡K Zviv e‡j VvKzi †`Lv| Zv‡`i †KŠZ‚n‡ji Aš— †bB| mvivw`‡bi Ni-†Mi¯’vwj mvgjv‡bvi ci øvbUvb †m‡i †ek GKUv wø» cweÎZv Aš—‡i aviY K‡i Zviv Av‡m gʇc| evB‡ii †iwjs a‡i `uvovq| Kx †h †`L‡Z Pvq, Avi ev¯—‡e Kx †`L‡Z cvq, Zvi †bB wVKwVKvbv| euvk-Lo-Kv`v-gvwU‡Z cÖwZgvi g~j KvVv‡gv `uvwo‡q hvIqvi ci c~Rv KwgwUi †jvKRb c`©v †U‡b w`‡q hvq| gv_vi Ic‡i GbvwR© †mwfs evj¦ Av‡jv Qovq dKdKv, c`©vi †fZ‡i iwe cvj Zvi m½x-mvM‡i`‡`i wb‡q KvR Pvwj‡q hvq; c`©vi Avovj †V‡j †hUzKz Av‡jv evB‡i †ewi‡q Av‡m Zv‡Z Mv-QgQ‡g AÜKvi Av‡iv fyZz‡o cwi‡ek iPbv K‡i Kzqvkvi m‡½ †g‡k| Zey Zv‡`i Avmv PvB| Kzqvkvi Pv`‡ii Avovj †_‡K DuwKSzuwK †`Iqv PvB| GKUzLvwb duvK-†dvKi M‡j hw`ev mvgvb¨Zg †`ex`k©bI N‡U hvq, Zv‡ZB Rxeb ab¨| iwe cvj mnmv GKw`b G‡`i g‡a¨B Avwe®‹vi K‡i e‡m Zvi nviv‡bv Kb¨v mvweÎx‡K| wVK †mB bvKgy‡Li Mob, _yZwbi wb‡P KvUv `vM, †PvL`y‡Uv UvbvUvbv Ñ Pg‡K I‡V iwe cvj| ürwcÊ jvwd‡q I‡V| †iwjs‡qi w`‡K `ycv GwM‡q hvq Avi fv‡e, G nZfvMx GLv‡b G‡jv †Kgb K‡i! Gu¨v, IBUzKzb †g‡qi gv_vq wmu`yi! bv bv, mvweÎx wmu`yi †Kv_vq cv‡e! we‡qi †Kv‡bv K_vB †bB, †Kkecyi nvB Bk&Kz‡ji K¬vm bvB‡bi QvÎx; †mLvb †_‡K K‡j‡R hv‡e, AvBG-weG cvk Ki‡e, Zvici gv_vq wmu`yi| gv÷vwi Kivi kL wQj Zvi| †Kv_vq D‡o †Mj †mme kL¯^cœ! †Mjevi †fv‡Ui †gŠmy‡g `y‡Uv e`ivMx †gvUimvB‡Kj Muv-Muv

67

K‡i Qy‡U G‡m †nWjvB‡Ui Zxeª Av‡jvq cÖ_‡g mevi †PvL auvwa‡q †`q, Zvici evRcvwLi g‡Zv †Quv †g‡i Zz‡j wb‡q hvq Zv‡K| †Kv_vq hvq, KZ`~‡i, A‡bK ZË¡Zvjvk K‡iI †m-K_v Rvbv hvqwb, A_P GZw`b c‡i GB GZ`~‡i cÖwZgv Mo‡Z G‡m †mB mvweÎx‡K Gfv‡e nv‡Zi gy‡Vvq cvIqv hv‡e Ñ G wK fvev hvq! iwe cvj‡K GwM‡q Avm‡Z †`‡L Aíeqmx eDwU gv_vq †NvgUv Zz‡j w`‡q †PvL bvwg‡q †bq| iwe cvj ZLb D×vi Ki‡Z mg_© nq mvweÎxi †P‡q GB †g‡qwUi Mv‡qi is †ek LvwbK Pvcv| MÖv‡gi gvbyl Kv‡jvB ej‡e| bv, bv, G †g‡q Zvi mvweÎx bq| G-e¨vcv‡i wbtmskq nIqvi ci m„wó n‡q‡Q Av‡iK R¡vjv| mvweÎxi Aš—a©vb †mB K‡eKvi K_v! mnmv Zvi gyL g‡bB c‡o bv| A_P GB †NvgUv-Uvbv eDwU †Kgb K‡i †hb iwe cv‡ji Aš—‡ii Lye wbf„Z GK †Kv‡Y wb‡Ri R‡b¨ Avmb †c‡Z †bq| †`exg~wZ©i Av`j †dvUv‡Z wM‡q fvwi msKU †`Lv †`q, Kv‡jvcbv †mB eDwU G‡m Zvi Kuv‡a fi K‡i, wKQy‡ZB bvg‡Z Pvq bv| iwe cvj ZLb Kx K‡i! nv‡Zi KvR †d‡j `xN©¶Y ZvwK‡q _v‡K wbR-nv‡Z Mov LogvwUi g~wZ©i w`‡K| †Pv‡Li cjK c‡o bv| ZvwK‡qB _v‡K wbwb©‡gl| †`exi ZL‡bv P¶z`vb m¤úbœ nqwb| d‡j †Pv‡L †Pv‡L †Kv‡bv K_v nq bv| Zey Aš—‡i Aš—‡i AvKzj n‡q ïavq, mwZ¨B ZzB ˆKjvm †_‡K †b‡g G‡qwPm gv? †`ex wbi“Ëi| †fZ‡i †fZ‡i `»vq iwe cvj| Avevi cÖkœ K‡i, wK‡m P‡o Gwj Gevi? M‡R, bv i‡_?

DËi Av‡m bv wKQyB| wKš‘ iwe cv‡ji Kv‡bi `iRvq AvQ‡o c‡o †mB K‡eKvi Kvj-mܨvq †kvbv `ye„©Ë †gvUievB‡Ki †Muvqvi MR©b| ZLbB Kv‡b AvOyj ¸u‡R weågUv †m ïa‡i †bq Ñ bv, †m †Zv AvMgbx wQj bv, wQj cÖwZgv wemR©‡bi cvjv| †bŠKvq bq, †`ex P‡j hvq †gvUievB‡K †P‡c; Iiv `yR‡bi gvSLv‡b †P‡c emvq, gy‡L i“gvj ¸u‡R †`q; Zvici fUfUv‡bv kã Zz‡j nvIqv| iwe cvj Aùz‡U weoweo K‡i Ñ †mB †Zvi hvIqv, Avi GB A¨vwÏb c‡i Gwj gv? †mevi †mB ANU‡bi ci eQi `yB-wZb cÖwZgv Movi Kv‡R g‡bv‡hvMB w`‡Z cv‡iwb iwe cvj| el©v wM‡q ki‡Zi Kvkdzj cvLbv †gj‡Z bv †gj‡ZB wewfbœ RvqMv †_‡K Kv‡Ri evqbv Av‡m| bv ej‡j †Zv P‡j bv| evc-VvKzi`vi Avgj †_‡K †ek K‡qK MÖv‡gi c~Rvgʇc Zv‡`i euv av-KvR; †div‡e Kx K‡i? K…òbM‡ii gvjvKvi‡`i †h `ywbqv‡Rvov L¨vwZ, Zv‡`i m‡½ †U°v w`‡q‡Q mZ¨ cvj| GKgvÎ cyÎ wbZ¨ cvj‡K nv‡Z a‡i KvR wkwL‡q‡Q| wbZ¨ GKevi eW©vi Uc‡K BwÛqvq wM‡q †`‡L Av‡m wewfbœiKg VvKzi| iwe ZLb m‡e ˆK‡kv‡i| wbZ¨ cvj cig AvMÖ‡n wK‡kvicy·K †kvbvq Zvi AwfÁZvi weeiY, Kv`vgvwU ˆZwi †_‡K Lo euvk euvav-Quv`v meB †k‡L iwe cvj cig wbôvi m‡½| Aíeq‡mB Zvi nvZhk Qwo‡q c‡o| fvwi bvgWvK| wbZ¨ cvj Me© K‡i e‡j Ñ Avgvi †LvKvi nv‡Z cÖvY cvq cÖwZgv, g~Z© n‡q I‡V| evevi Gme fvwi K_v Kv‡b hvq wVKB, meUzKz eyS‡Z cv‡i bv iwe| evevi Kv‡Q Rvb‡Z Pvq, g~Z© nIqv gv‡b Kx evev? wbZ¨cvj GKMvj nvwm Qwo‡q e‡j, g~Z© gv‡b cÖKvk| GB †hgb Ñ †Zvgvi gv‡S g~Z© Avwg, Avgvi Avi gi‡Z wØav bvB|

68

wbZ¨ cv‡ji ¯^fveUvB IB iKg| †c‡U LvwbK we‡`¨ _vKvq hLb-ZLb fvwi fvwi K_v DM‡i I‡V| wb‡Ri †`v‡l †jLvcov nqwb iwe cv‡ji| GR‡b¨ †m fqvbK `xbZv †eva K‡i| †kl ch©š— wb‡Ri †g‡q mvweÎx‡K Bk&Kz‡j cvwV‡q †m-`xbZv †_‡K gyw³i c_ Lyu‡R‡Q iwe| wKš‘ †m-mvaB-ev c~Y© n‡jv KB! gv-Dgv P‡j †Mj ˆKjvmav‡g| ZLb Kx K‡i iwe cvj?

Gw`‡K iwe cv‡ji wkl¨ Ab‡š—i ˆah©Py¨wZ N‡U| `xN©¶Y ¸i“i gy‡Li w`‡K ZvwK‡q _v‡K| fvevš—i ai‡Z cv‡i bv| †ek Kw`b †_‡KB †`L‡Q GB Avbgbv fve| GLb n‡jv Kv‡Ri mgq, GLvb †_‡K †h‡Z n‡e Av‡iK RvqMvq, †mLv‡bI Zvov Av‡Q, G-mgq Avbgbv n‡j P‡j! wgwn K‡i gvLv‡bv Kv`vi †jB nvZ †_‡K bvwg‡q †i‡L Kv‡Q GwM‡q G‡m †m wR‡M¨m K‡i Ñ Av‡Rv wK KvR...

Lc K‡i gy‡Li K_v †K‡o †bq iwe cvj, GZ¶Y ci †hb `g †bIqvi dzimZ cvq, nu¨v nu¨v, Av‡Rv eÜ _vK| mgq wKš‘ dzwi‡q hv‡”Q| Abš— LyuwP‡q †`q Ñ KZ ZvwiL †Mj g‡b Av‡Q †Zv! †ew` †_‡K †b‡g G‡m iwe cvj e‡j, Av‡i hv hv! iwe cvj nvZ jvMv‡j Kw`b?

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†hgb GKSUKvq G‡m Zvi `„wó‡K Av”Qbœ K‡iwQj, Zvici w`‡b w`‡b †Nvi †K‡U hvq; `k©bv_x©‡`i wf‡o Zv‡K Lyu‡R bv †c‡q †m `yB †Pnvivi g‡a¨ ˆemv`„k¨¸‡jv Avwe®‹v‡i Zrci nq †mB †Zgb K‡iB| wKš‘ †Kv_vq mvweÎx! ˆemv`„k¨B eo n‡q I‡V ax‡i ax‡i| Zey †mB †NvgUv-Uvbv Aíeqmx eDwU‡K Aš—Zc‡¶ Avi GKevi †`Lvi LyeB B‡”Q Rv‡M| bv‡K b_, gv_vq †NvgUv, ci‡b †Wviv kvwo †mB †g‡qwUi †Kv‡bv cwiPq †Zv Zvi Rvbv †bB, Kv‡K Kx ïav‡e? nv‡Zi KvR †d‡j Ab‡š— i `„wó duvwK w`‡q †m cÖwZw`bB GKvwaKevi G‡m †LuvR wb‡q hvq Ñ †m wK G‡jv? bv, †m Avi Av‡m bv| †m †h mvweÎx bq G-K_v ¯úó n‡q IVvi ciI iwe cvj Zvn‡j Kv‡K †Luv‡R? †Kb †Luv‡R? Kv‡Ri AeKv‡k G-cÖkœ †m wb‡Ri Kv‡QB DÌvcb K‡i‡Q| mwZ¨B †Zv, †m Kv‡K †Luv‡R?

†Pv‡Li c`©v †_‡K GL‡bv †gv‡Qwb †mB `„k¨| iwe cvj wK Zvn‡j GZw`b c‡i cyi‡bv †mB Qwe Lyu‡R wdi‡Q? mvweÎxi Aš—a©v‡bi gvÎ gvmLv‡b‡Ki gv_vq mc©`sk‡b we`vq †bq Zvi gv| †K Rv‡b GZw`‡b †m Zvi mZxmvweÎx‡K Ly‡u R †c‡q‡Q wKbv! bv †nvK `y»‡cvl¨ wkï, Zey mvweÎx‡K †`‡L gvZ…e‡¶i `y»fvÊvi D_‡j DV‡ZI †Zv cv‡i! Amg‡q †Rvqvi Avm‡Z wK cv‡i bv? iwe cvj cv‡q cv‡q GwM‡q Av‡m †`excÖwZgvi Kv‡Q| lôx G‡m †M‡Q, †eva‡bi Avi we‡kl wej¤^ †bB| c`©v D‡V hv‡e| †`ex D‡b¥vwPZ n‡e, me©mg‡¶| Zvi Av‡M Avcb m„wói mvg‡b G‡m KzÉvnxb `„pZvq `uvovq iwe cvj| †`excÖwZgvi gv_vi †Pwj †_‡K cv‡qi AvjZv ch©š— †NvijvMv †Pv‡L ch©‡e¶Y K‡i| c`©v D‡b¥vP‡bi Av‡M †klev‡ii g‡Zv †PvL eywj‡q †bIqv Ñ †Kv_vI †Kv‡bv ms‡kvabx hw` jv‡M! †Kv_vI! †Kv_vI! iwe cv‡ji `„wó G‡m `uvwo‡q c‡o cÖwZgvi myDbœZ e¶‡`‡ki

iwe cvj cv‡q cv‡q GwM‡q Av‡m †`excÖwZgvi Kv‡Q| lôx G‡m †M‡Q, †eva‡bi Avi we‡kl wej¤^ †bB| c`©v D‡V hv‡e| †`ex D‡b¥vwPZ n‡e, me©mg‡¶| Zvi Av‡M Avcb m„wói mvg‡b G‡m KzÉvnxb `„pZvq `uvovq iwe cvj| †`excÖwZgvi gv_vi †Pwj †_‡K cv‡qi AvjZv ch©š— †NvijvMv †Pv‡L ch©‡e¶Y K‡i| ey‡Ki g‡a¨ wK‡mi GZ nvnvKvi ¸g‡i I‡V? wK‡mi GZ k~b¨Zv? cÖwZw`b c`©v †V‡j †ewi‡q G‡m †iwjs a‡i `uvwo‡q _vKv †KŠZ‚njx gvbyl¸‡jvi fw³bgª `„wói Avqbvq GZw`b c‡i Kx †Luv‡R †m? Kv‡K †Luv‡R? Ggb †Zv wQj bv Av‡M! Z‡e wK †NvgUvciv Aíeqmx MÖvg¨ea~wU Aj‡¶¨ †Kv_vI me©bv‡ki Av¸b R¡vwj‡q w`‡q‡Q! Avi `„k¨gvbZvi Avovj †_‡K †m eywS gRv †`L‡Q! Avevi GKw`b `k©bv_x©‡`i wf‡o GK gvZ…g~wZ©‡Z `„wó AvU‡K hvq iwe cv‡ji| nu¨v, gvZ…g~wZ©B †Zv! Aíeqmx GK hyeZxgvZv †Kgb Aejxjvq Zvi Rvgvi †evZvg Ly‡j `y»fvivbZ ¯—be„š— ¸u‡R w`‡”Q AeyS mš—v‡bi gy‡L| Avi ev”PvwUI †Kgb b”Qvi Ñ Wvb nvZUv evwo‡q mÜvb Ki‡Q gv‡qi ey‡Ki Aci ¯— be„š—wU| nq‡Zv-ev cÖ_g †cvqvwZ gv, Zey Zvi †Pv‡Lgy‡L GZUzKz wØav †bB, kig †bB| iwe cvj wb‡RB m‡i Av‡m mvg‡b †_‡K| c`©vi Avov‡j mwi‡q Av‡b wb‡R‡K| Avi ZLbB `„wóRy‡o †b‡g Av‡m mvweÎxi gv‡qi ¯§„wZ| AvKvkfvOv j¾v wQj Zvi †Pv‡L| cÖ_g mš—vb Kb¨v nIqvq KZ bv KzwÉZ †m! †hb-ev mg¯— `vq Zvi| ey‡Ki DòZvq jywK‡q iv‡L Kb¨v‡K| GKv GKvB Av`y‡i MxZ Mvq Ñ I Avgvi mZxmvweÎx‡i! †Zv‡K †Kv_vq ivwL! Gfv‡eB bvgKiY N‡U mvweÎxi| Zvi gv m`vmš¿¯—, †g‡q‡K me©`v jywK‡q iv‡L ey‡Ki g‡a¨| kvwoi AuvP‡ji Avovj ˆZwi K‡i ˆkwíK Kvq`vq| Zvici wkwíZ †mB QvqvZ‡j mvweÎxi KwPgy‡L Zz‡j †`q ¯—be„š—| GKw`b Kx GK AmveavbZvq Zvi ey‡Ki ˆkwíK c`©v L‡m co‡ZB iwe cv‡ji `y‡PvL f‡i hvq Kvbvq Kvbvq gvZ…‡Z¡i Qwei D™¢v‡m| Gme †mB K‡eKvi K_v|

DcZ¨Kvq| Kx PgrKvi my‡WŠj Mob| †hb-ev ¯^M© †_‡K Mwo‡q cov `ywU evZvwe‡jey GBLv‡b G‡m w¯’i n‡q‡Q| GBLv‡b? iwe cvj ZvwK‡q †`L‡Z cvq, Zvi Wvb nvZ G‡m `uvwo‡q c‡o‡Q cÖwZgv e‡¶i DcZ¨Kvq| wKš‘ G Kx DËvc Zvi nv‡Zi Zvjy‡Z! Avðh©! AwZ `ª“Z †m-DËvc Qwo‡q c‡o mviv kix‡i| Pg‡K I‡V iwe cvj| †PvL iM‡o fv‡jv K‡i ZvKvq Ñ †K `uvwo‡q Zvi mvg‡b Ñ †`ex`yM©v, bvwK mvweÎxi gv? ¯^”Q Av‡jv wVK‡i co‡Q †Pv‡Lgy‡L, Zey †Kb †h GB Aa¨vm! †Kb G-weåg, †K ej‡e? cÖwZgve¶ †_‡K wb‡Ri WvbnvZ ¶xcÖfw½‡Z †U‡b †bq iwe cvj| wb‡R‡KB †m wa°vi w`‡q I‡V Ñ Gme Kx n‡”Q? Kx gv‡b nq GBme KvÊKxwZ©i? mnmv ivM P‡o hvq gv_vq| †mB ivM Sv‡o Ab‡š—i Ic‡i Ñ nuv K‡i `uvwo‡q Kx †`LwQm, Gu¨v?

Abš— †Kv‡bv iK‡g DËi K‡i, Avcbvi nv‡Zi KvR †`LwQ KZ©v! nv‡Zi KvR! iwe cvj wb‡Ri Wvb nv‡Zi w`‡K GKevi ZvKvq| Zvici wb‡R‡K ¸wU‡q wb‡q Abš—‡K Av‡`k †`q, GKZvj Kv`v wb‡q Avq †`wL! Kv`v! me KvR ¸Uv‡bvi ci Avevi Kv`v Kx n‡e? eK&eK& Kwimwb †Zv! hv ejwQ, ZvB Ki| Kv`v Avb| isPs n‡q †M‡Q| GLb Kv`v †Kv_vq jvM‡e?

ZzB Kv`v Avb| Avwg Amy‡ii Mv‡q Kv`v †`‡ev| gy‡L Kv`v †`‡ev| 

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†Mvjvc I †gvnbjvj Avn‡g` gywbi

†gv AjsKiY : w`jviv †eMg Rwj 70

nbjvj GB cvovq _vKZ| 17 evB wm njy` PviZjv wewìs‡qi wbPZjvq| wKš‘ †m-e¨vcv‡i wbwðZ K‡i †KD wKQy ej‡Z cv‡i bv| GLb †mvenvb mv‡ne‡K wR‡Ám Ki‡j wZwb Kcvj KzuP‡K cvëv cÖkœ K‡ib Ñ Ô†Kvb †gvnbjvj? c‡b‡iv eQi a‡i GB evwo‡Z AvgivB _vwK| KB Ggb bv‡g GLv‡b †KD wQj e‡j ïwbwb †Zv|Õ wjPzevMv‡bi MwjUv mi“ n‡Z n‡Z wVK †hLv‡b wM‡q i³bvwji AvKvi aviY K‡i‡Q †mLv‡b gy‡LvgywL `ywU wewìs| ZviB GKUv wU‡bi †Niv †`Iqv PviZjv njy` evwo, †nvwìs b¤^i 17 evB wm| †mvenvb mv‡n‡ei K_v wVK n‡j †m-evwoi GK Zjvq †gvnbjvj nq‡Zv †Kv‡bv Kv‡jB wQj bv| Avi Zvi †QvÆ GK i“‡gi evmvi eviv›`vq dz‡ji UeI wQj bv| †m-UeUvq GKUv UKU‡K jvj †MvjvcI †Kv‡bvw`b †dv‡Uwb| G-wel‡q †ikgv‡K cÖkœ Ki‡j †m †Kv‡bv DËi †`q bv| e‡j, Rvwb bv| A_ev e‡j, Gme Rvbvi Kx cÖ‡qvRb? †ikgv ev Zvi ¯^vgx AvRg‡ji Gme dvjZz welq wb‡q fvevi mgq †Kv_vq? AvRgj‡K Bwc‡R‡Wi evm ai‡Z †fvi cuvPUvq DV‡Z nq Nyg †_‡K| ZL‡bv †ikgv Mfxi Ny‡g Av”Qbœ| ivZ AvUUvq AvRgj N‡i Avmvi ci Lye Kó K‡i NÈvLv‡bK RvM‡Z cv‡i| fv‡Zi `jvUzKz †Kv‡bvg‡Z wM‡j Gici †m Avi `ywbqvq †bB| mvZ eQi a‡i G-B Pj‡Q| ïµeviI weQvbvq Mwo‡q w`b Kv‡U Zvi| gv‡S †Kej GKevi evRv‡i hvIqvi Rb¨ RvM‡Z nq| mܨvq †ccvi nv‡Z wb‡qI Xzj‡Z _v‡K †m| †ikgv h_vmva¨ Gme wel‡q AvRgj‡K mn‡hvwMZv K‡i| GgbwK mßvnv‡š— GKevi ï‡Z nq

GZw`‡bI cÖvq A‡Pbv i‡q hvIqv †jvKwUi m‡½| wmwU Ki‡cv‡ik‡bi wk¶v wefv‡Mi Kv‡Ri g‡ZvB GUv‡K i“wUb `vwqZ¡ g‡b K‡i †m| †Kej bwRi G‡jB GB i“wU‡b IjU-cvjU N‡U| bwRi Zvi bvwfi Pvicv‡k AvOzj †evjv‡Z †evjv‡Z cÖkœ K‡i, ÔAvgv‡K †Mvjvc Avb‡Z wb‡la K‡iv †Kb? KL‡bv dzj Avb‡Z n‡j iRbxMÜv bq, †MvjvcB Avbe|Õ †ikgv K‡Vvi Mjvq e‡j Ñ Ôbv, †Mvjvc bq| dzj Avbvi `iKvi Kx?Õ bwRi bv‡Qvoev›`v| ÔZ‡e †Kb †Mvjvc Avb‡Z gvbv †m-K_v ïwb?Õ bv, ZvI ej‡e bv †ikgv| 17 evB wm evwoi D‡ëvw`‡K mv`v cuvPZjv wewìs‡qi wbPZjvq †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv `ycy‡i Zey bwRi †ikgvi bvwfi Pvicv‡k AvOzj eywj‡q Rvb‡Z Pvq, Ô†Kb †Mvjvc bq?Õ

`yB †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv w`b `ycy‡i ¯‹zj †_‡K evmvq bv wM‡q mvB‡Kj wb‡q †ewi‡q c‡o bwRi| †Kv_vq hvq †K Rv‡b? eD‡K e‡j †`q, Ô†L‡q wbI wgwUs Av‡Q|Õ Zvici mvivw`b jvcvËv| welqUv †ikgviI ARvbv| ÔbwRi, gv‡S gv‡S †Kv_vq hvI?Õ †ikgvi GB cÖ‡kœi Dˇi †Kej e‡j, ÔhvB| GLv‡b-†mLv‡b hvB|Õ wmwU Ki‡cv‡ik‡bi ¯‹z‡j PvKwii myev‡` Ki‡cv‡ik‡bi Awd‡mB †ikgvi m‡½ †`Lv| bwR‡ii Kbdvi‡gkb wb‡q Sv‡gjv nw”Qj| †ikgv `ª“Z KvR¸‡jv K‡i w`‡qwQj †mevi| Gici gy‡Vv‡dv‡b †hvMv‡hvM Avi mL¨ M‡o DV‡Z mgq jv‡Mwb| mgq hv wb‡q‡Q bwRi| Zvi me Kv‡RB Ggb wØav| †PvL eo K‡i †m †ikgvi w`‡K ZvwK‡q _vKZ cÖ_g cÖ_g| †ikgvi nvZUv †Uwe‡ji Ici Zvi ¯ú‡k©i AvIZvq Rv‡j aiv cov i“B gv‡Qi g‡Zv QUdU KiZ| Zey Kx Ki‡e ey‡S DV‡Z cviZ bv| †m eis †ikgvi Kcv‡ji mvg‡b G‡m cov GK¸”Q Pz‡ji w`‡K ZvwK‡q mvivw`b KvwU‡q w`Z| †mme NUbv GLb cyi‡bv eB‡qi Ici ayjvi g‡Zv R‡g Av‡Q| bwR‡ii g‡bI c‡o bv| GLb †m †ikgvi bvwfi Pvicv‡k AvOzj †evjv‡Z †evjv‡Z GUv-IUv Rvb‡Z Pvq| Avi G-K_v †m-K_vi ci Ny‡iwd‡i Av‡m †Mvjv‡ci cÖm½| `ycyiUv MbM‡b n‡q I‡V ZLb Av‡iv| †ikgvi g‡b nq AvOzj bq, Zß †jvnvi `y‡Uv wkK Zvi kixigq Nyi‡Q| †m bwRi‡K SUKv w`‡q mwi‡q †`q ZLb| wU‡bi †eov‡K av°v w`‡Z w`‡Z GKUv GK‡N‡q N~wY©evZvm †MvOvwbi g‡Zv kã K‡i e‡q hvq Rvbvjvi cvk w`‡q| †ikgv Kvco wVK K‡i weQvbv †_‡K D‡V e‡m| `„p Mjvq e‡j, ÔAvR Avi fv‡jv jvM‡Q bv| P‡j hvI|Õ bwRiI †Kv‡bv K_v bv e‡j P‡j hvq| †ikgv we`vq Rvbv‡bvi cÖ‡qvRb †eva K‡i bv| A_ev †m-my‡hvM bwRiB †`q bv Zv‡K|

wZb Bwc‡RW †_‡K më‡Mvjv µwms cvi nIqvi Av‡MB AvRgj Nywg‡q c‡o| KL‡bv cuvPUvi Mvwo‡Z DV‡Z †c‡i‡Q e‡j g‡b c‡o bv Zvi| QUvi wkd‡Ui †jvKR‡bi m‡½B ev‡m DV‡Z nq Zv‡K| GB ev‡mi AwaKvsk hvÎx wewfbœ †d¬v‡ii †g‡q| A‡b‡Ki Kv‡QB †m mv¶vr kqZvb| †d¬vi BbPvR©‡`i Ggb bv n‡j PvKwi wUwK‡q ivLvB Am¤¢e| AvRgj‡KI ZvB †ZgbB n‡Z n‡q‡Q| †cÖvWvKkb wVK mg‡q †`Iqvi Rb¨ hZUv K‡Vvi n‡Z nq ZZUvB n‡q‡Q, Zvi †ewk bq| Zey †g‡qiv †KD Zvi cv‡k e‡m bv| GgbwK d¨v±wii Rywbqi Gw·wKDwUfivI bq| GUv EaŸ©Z‡bi cÖwZ m¤§vb‡eva †_‡K †h bq, Zv eyS‡Z cv‡i †m| Zey Gme Zvi Mv-mIqv| më‡Mvjv µwms ch©š— evmUv

jv‡ki Mvwoi g‡Zv kãnxb _v‡K| µwmsUv †c‡iv‡bvi ci AvRgj Nywg‡q co‡j wdmdvm Avi nvwmi kã evo‡Z _v‡K| Av‡av Ny‡gi g‡a¨ AvRgjI †mme LybmywU‡Z †hvM †`q| Aek¨ mevB AvRg‡ji bvK WvKvUvB ïb‡Z cvq| GKw`b †Kej Gm‡ei e¨wZµg N‡U| †mUv weevnevwl©Kxi w`b e‡j bvwK Zzgj e„wói Kvi‡Y, eyS‡Z cv‡i bv AvRgj| më‡Mvjv µwms †d‡j evm dwKinvU, ebvbx Kg‡c­· †gv‡o P‡j G‡jI AvRgj‡K †R‡M _vK‡Z †`‡L A¯^w¯— nq mevi| wKš‘ Gme †Lqvj K‡i bv †m| Rvbvjvi Svcmv Kv‡Pi w`‡K ZvwK‡q †Kej GK¸”Q †Mvjv‡ci K_vB fv‡e| KvwRi †`Dwo †b‡g wfR‡Z wfR‡Z dz‡ji †`vKv‡b Xz‡K evQvB K‡i †Mvjvc †K‡b| UKU‡K jvj †Mvjv‡ci Ici †`vKvb`vi †¯cÖ K‡i †`Iqvq Av‡iv ZvRv †`Lvq| †cÖ‡gi Nv‡gi g‡Zv we›`y we›`y cvwbi †dvUv R‡g cvcwoi Ici| Gici †hb cvwbi †duvUv¸‡jv S‡i bv c‡o, †Zgb mZK©Zv wb‡q evwoi w`‡K nuvU‡Z _v‡K †m| †meviB cÖ_g AvRg‡ji †Mvjvc wb‡q hvIqv| Avi †meviB †kl| †ikgv †Kv‡bv K_v bv e‡j Rvbvjv w`‡q Qy‡o †d‡j w`‡qwQj †Mvjvc¸‡jv| Ôdzj Avb‡Z †K ej‡Q? Gme Avi Avbev bv, GZ †ivgvw›UKZv Avgvi cQ›` bq|Õ †ikgvi Ggb gyLSvgUv †L‡q Avevi Av‡Mi AvRgj n‡q I‡V †m| Avi Av‡av Ny‡gi †fZ‡i fvZ †L‡Z †L‡Z †ikgv‡K cÖkœ K‡i †m, Ô†Kb †Mvjvc Avb‡ev bv, †Kb?Õ wKš‘ d¨v±wii †g‡q‡`i g‡Zv †ikgvI AvRg‡ji K_v ïb‡Z cvq bv| fvZ †Mjvi we˜Ny‡U k‡ãi wb‡P cÖkœUv PvcvB c‡o _v‡K|

Pvi †jvKUv †`L‡Z Lye wekÖx| wekÖx gvbyl‡K Abvqv‡mB †g‡b †bIqv hvq, Zv‡`i m‡½ ni`g KvR KivI m¤¢e| wKš‘ †Zgb †Kv‡bv gvbyl‡K †cÖ‡gi AvKzwZ wb‡q ZvwK‡q _vK‡Z †`Lvi g‡Zv `yf©vM¨ Avi Kx n‡Z cv‡i! †gvnbjvj‡K †`‡L Ggb wech©¯— Abyf‚wZ n‡Zv †ikgvi| e¨vcviUv cÖ_gw`‡K †Lqvj K‡iwb †m| N‡ii Pvwe nviv‡bvi NUbvi ci †m cÖ_gevi fv‡jv K‡i †`‡L †gvnbjvj‡K| Pvwe nvwi‡q N‡i XzK‡Z cviwQj bv A‡bK¶Y| `ycyi‡ejv cy‡iv cvovUv †hb Mfxi Ny‡g Av”Qbœ| m`i `iRv Avi †MU ch©š— Aw¯’ifv‡e cvqPvwi KiwQj| AvRgj‡K †dvb w`‡q Rvbv †Mj, Zvi Kv‡QI †bB| Avkcv‡ki d¬¨vU¸‡jvi `iRvI eÜ| Zvjv-PvweIqvjvi †LuvR w`‡Z cv‡i †K? Avi ZLbB A‡cvwRU wewìs‡qi †M‡Ui mvg‡b †gvnbjvj‡K ïK‡bv cvZvnxb gv›`viMv‡Qi g‡Zv `uvwo‡q _vK‡Z †`‡L †m| j¤^v‡U M‡Z© e‡m hvIqv gyL, gqjv Mv‡qi is Avi †KvU‡ii †fZ‡i Xz‡K hvIqv †PvL¸‡jv GKiKg fimvB w`‡qwQj| hv †nvK Ggb †Pnvivi GKRb gvbyl DcKv‡ii cÖwZ`v‡bi Avkvq Aš—Z Kv‡Q †Nul‡Z mvnm Ki‡e bv| ÔGLv‡b PvweIqvjv Av‡Q †Kv_vI? PvweUv nvwi‡q †d‡jwQ, N‡i XzK‡Z cviwQ bv|Õ †jvKUv nKPwK‡q D‡V gv›`viMvQ †_‡K R¨vš— gvby‡l cwiYZ nq| Ô†`LwQÕ, e‡jB Mwj w`‡q A`„k¨ nq| wgwbU`‡k‡Ki g‡a¨B PvweIqvjv nvwRi| Zvjv †Lvjvi ci †ikgv PvweIqvjv‡K UvKv w`‡q bZzb Pvwe nv‡Z `ª“Z Xz‡K c‡o †fZ‡i| †gvnbjv‡ji K_v Zvi g‡bB _v‡K bv| A_ev g‡b _vK‡jI †mŠRb¨ †`Lv‡bvi cÖ‡qvRb †eva K‡i bv| Gi ciw`b †_‡K cÖvqB †gvnbjvj‡K `uvwo‡q _vK‡Z †`LZ †m| KL‡bv Mwji gy‡L, †hLv‡b wiKkv †_‡K †m bvgZ †mLv‡b, KL‡bv 17 evB wm wewìs‡qi †M‡Ui mvg‡b| †m ZvKv‡j †jvKUv †PvL mwi‡q †bIqvi K_v| Aš—Z Gme †¶‡Î GgbUvB NU‡Z

71

†`‡L‡Q †m| G-ai‡bi †Pnvivi †jvK‡`i AvZ¥wek¦v‡mi wQ‡U‡duvUvI _v‡K bv| ZvB †g‡q‡`i mvg‡b co‡j wb‡R‡`i Avovj Ki‡Z e¨¯— n‡q c‡o Zviv| wKš‘ †gvnbjvj mivmwi ZvwK‡q _vKZ| Ab¨ †Kv‡bv †g‡q n‡j Rvb‡Z PvBZ, wKQy ejvi Av‡Q wK-bv| wKš‘ †ikgv ZvI K‡i bv| †m †jvKUvi Dcw¯’wZ m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb bq, GUv eywS‡q w`‡Z Pvq| Zv‡ZI †Zgb dj nq bv| Awdm †_‡K evmvi c‡_ bvbv RvqMvq †m †gvnbjvj‡K †`‡L| †ikgvi Mv ¸wj‡q DVZ| †MvmjLvbvq Xz‡K A‡bK¶Y a‡i Mv‡q mvevb NlZ †m| N‡l N‡l Zz‡j †dj‡Z PvB‡Zv †jvKUvi KzrwmZ `„wó| Gme K_v †ikgv fz‡j †h‡Z Pvq; wKš‘ bwR‡ii Rb¨ fq nq Zvi| †m Rv‡b, GKw`b bwRi‡KI K_v¸‡jv ej‡Z n‡e| Avi f¨vcmv Mi‡gi w`b¸‡jv‡Z nuvwc‡q DV‡Z DV‡Z A‡c¶v K‡i †ikgv|

cuvP Ô†Zvgvi Kx nB‡Q? Lvwj Ab¨gb¯‹ _v‡Kv AvRKvj|Õ wkwi‡bi G-cÖ‡kœi DËi †`q bv bwRi| wkwi‡bi †P‡q mvB‡K‡ji cÖwZ †ewk g‡bv‡hvM Zvi| eviv›`vi GK †Kv‡Y ivLv mvB‡KjUv gyQ‡Z gyQ‡Z †Vuv‡U Sz‡j _vKv wmMv‡iU †_‡K †auvqv Qv‡o †m| ÷¨v‡Û `uvo Kiv‡bv mvB‡K‡ji c¨v‡Wj `y‡Uv GKevi mvg‡b Av‡iKevi †cQ‡b †Nvivq| †PB‡bi duv‡K †duvUv-†duvUv wMÖR Xv‡j| †eª‡Ki Zvi¸‡jv ciL K‡i †`‡L wVK Av‡Q wKbv| KvRUv mvi‡Z c‡b‡iv wgwb‡Ui †ewk mgq jvMvi K_v bq| wKš‘ bwRi GKB KvR evievi Ki‡Z _v‡K| wkwib AvbvR Kjv Avi †Zjvwcqv gvQ Pzjvq Zz‡j w`‡q G‡m †`‡L, Zvi ¯^vgx ZL‡bv wbweóg‡b GKB KvR K‡i hv‡”Q| fv‡Zi cvwZj bvwg‡q gvo Mvj‡Z w`‡q AveviI eviv›`vq Av‡m †m| ÔKx nB‡Q e‡jv †Zv!Õ wkwi‡bi Mjv Po‡Z _vK‡jI weKvi †bB bwR‡ii| A‡bK¶Y ci †m D‡V Av‡m| Zvici kvš— Mjvq e‡j, Ôe`icvwZi gvRv‡i hvev? †mLv‡b gvbZ Ki‡j bvwK ev”Pv nq?Õ wkwib Gevi Avi wb‡R‡K mvgjv‡Z cv‡i bv| Ôev‡ji K_v e‡jv! Wv³vi ej‡Q mgm¨v †Zvgvi| Zzwg wPwKrmv Kivev bv, gvbZ-dvbZ K‡i wb‡Ri †`vl XvK‡Z PvI!Õ K_v Avi G‡Mvq bv| wkwib †mjvB †gwkb wb‡q e‡m c‡o| †gwk‡bi No-No k‡ãi Kvi‡Y Zvi MRMRvwb bwR‡ii Kv‡b hvq bv| kãUv Zv‡K GKiKg Avovj †`q| Avov‡ji †fZi †_‡K †eiI n‡Z Pvq bv †m| GKg‡b †gwk‡bi myB‡qi w`‡K ZvwK‡q _v‡K| †Pv‡Li cj‡K Kvco‡K G‡duvo-I‡duvo Ki‡Z Ki‡Z GwM‡q P‡j‡Q myBUv| †hgbUv weQvbvq K‡i †m| Ki‡Z nq| †ikgv ev wkwi‡bi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ KB| Kvc‡oi †kl cÖv‡š— G‡m `uvZ w`‡q myZv wQu‡o †dj‡j myBUv wekÖvg cvq| Avb›`, welv` ev weiw³ bq, bwR‡iiI †Zgb wekÖv‡giB Abyf‚wZ nq| `y‡Uv Kvco †Rvov w`‡q †cvkv‡Ki †Pnviv †`Iqvi g‡a¨ †h wbQKB cÖ‡qvR‡bi e¨vcvi Av‡Q, GKUv wKQy †kl nIqvi e¨vcvi Av‡Q, GUv A‡bKUv †miKg| bwRi No-No k‡ãi g‡a¨ Zwj‡q †h‡Z †h‡Z nVvr cÖkœ K‡i, ÔAW©vi bv _vK‡jI †mjvB Ki‡Z e‡mv †Kb?Õ wkwib VvÛv Mjvq DËi †`q, ÔAf¨vm n‡q †M‡Q|Õ

Qq ÔAvwg †cvU© nvmcvZv‡ji mv‡eK †iwWIjwR÷ †mvenvb †PŠayix| GLv‡b c‡b‡iv eQi a‡i _vwK| wiUvqvi‡g‡›Ui ci †_‡KB| Kxme ev‡R K_v ej‡Z‡Qb?Õ †ikgvi me Zvj‡Mvj cvwK‡q hvq| †jvKUv c`©v †U‡b ai‡jI †fZiUv ¯úó †`Lv hvw”Qj|

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mvRv‡bv-†MvQv‡bv emvi Ni, †`qv‡j bRi“‡ji Pv`iciv d‡UvMÖvd Szj‡Q| ¯¿x ev †g‡q nq‡Zv bRi“jMxwZ Mvq| †ikgv Abygvb Kivi †Póv K‡i| ÔAvm‡j Avwg MZ †ek K‡qKgvm a‡i †jvKUv‡K G-Ni †_‡K †ei n‡Z †`‡LwQ| GKUv dz‡ji UeI wQj| †f‡ewQ, wb‡Pi Ni¸‡jv e¨v‡Pji i“g|Õ †ikgv Gw`K-†mw`K ZvKvq| bv U‡ei †Kv‡bv wPý †bB †Kv_vI| UvKgv_vq eviK‡qK nvZ Pvwj‡q †mvenvb mv‡ne †Rv‡i †Rv‡i gv_v bv‡ob| ÔGUv d¨vwgwj †KvqvU©vi| ZvQvov †Kv‡bv wn›`y G-evwo‡Z wQj bv KL‡bv| Avwg me d¬¨v‡Ui fvov‡U‡`i wPwb| evwoIqvjv wn›`y‡`i fvovI †`b bv|Õ †gvnbjvj‡K A‡bKw`b Mwj‡Z, iv¯—vq †Kv_vI bv †`‡L †LuvR wb‡Z G‡mwQj †ikgv| Avi †m wbwðZ, Aš—Z gvmLv‡bK Av‡MI †jvKUv GLv‡bB _vKZ| †m wb‡RI GKevi G‡mwQj| wU‡bi †MU cvi n‡j AvwObvi euvcv‡kB †gvnbjv‡ji Ni| wmuwo N‡ii wVK cv‡k| A_P GLb wmuwoUv †hb Av‡iv `y-wZb Ni wcwQ‡q‡Q| Zvi Av‡M eo eo `ywU Ni| G‡Kev‡i †Kvbvi N‡ii m`i `iRvq `uvwo‡q Av‡Qb †mvenvb mv‡ne| bxj c`©vUv a‡i †hb fvimvg¨ i¶v Ki‡Qb| †ikgv †kl †Póv K‡i| ÔGLv‡b `v‡ivqvb †bB?Õ †mvenvb mv‡ne AveviI å“ KuzPKvb| ÔG-cvovi †Kv‡bv evwo‡Z `v‡ivqvb Av‡Q e‡j ïwbwb| Avi AvcbviI †Zv Rvbvi K_v| cuvP eQi a‡i GLv‡b Av‡Qb|Õ Gevi bxj c`©vUv mvgvb¨ m‡i hvq| eq¯‹ GKRb gwnjv †mvenvb mv‡n‡ei Kuv‡ai cvk w`‡q DuwK †`b| Ô†fZ‡i Av‡mb bv!Õ mi“ MjvUv ï‡b †ikgv Av›`vR Kivi †Póv K‡i, BwbB bRi“jMxwZ K‡ib wKbv! †ikgv gv_v bv‡o, Ôbv| Av‡iKw`b Avme|Õ Gfv‡eB †gvnbjvj-msµvš— †KŠZ~n‡ji BwZ N‡U Zvi| Avm‡j Kx g‡b K‡i †jvKUvi †LuvR wb‡Z wM‡qwQj †m wb‡RB eyS‡Z cv‡i bv| Avi †jvKUv‡K hw` mwZ¨B †mLv‡b †mw`b †c‡q †hZ, Z‡e Gici hv hv NU‡Z cviZ ZvI fve‡Z _v‡K †m| Zvi AbyZvc n‡”Q eyS‡Z †c‡i †gvnbjvj wظY Drmv‡n A‡c¶v KiZ| KL‡bv †Kv‡bv iv¯—vq Avmv-hvIqvi c‡_ †`Lv n‡ZvB| Aš—Z GB A¯^w¯—i nvZ †_‡K i¶v †c‡q †ikgvi wbf©vi jv‡M| Zey Gme †Zv eû cyi‡bv K_v, hv †ikgv KvD‡K ej‡Z Pvq bv| wKš‘ †m Rv‡b, bwRi‡K GKw`b Gme ej‡ZB n‡e| †mRb¨ f¨vcmv Mi‡gi `ycy‡i †m A‡c¶v K‡i _v‡K|

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†MvjvcMvQUvi K_v| GKw`b †KŠZ‚njx n‡q †MU w`‡q DuwK w`‡qwQj| U‡ei †MvjvcMv‡Q cvwb w`w”Qj †gvnbjvj| ZLb †ikgvi gyL w`‡q nVvr †ewi‡q G‡mwQj K_v¸‡jv| ÔGZeo †Mvjvc KL‡bv †`wL bvB|Õ Mjvi ¯^i d¨vmd¨v‡m n‡jI †gvnbjvj K_v ej‡j Avkcv‡ki Avi mewKQy †hb †_‡g hvq| ïb‡Z Lvivc jv‡M bv| †gvnbjvj e‡j, ÔGUv Avwg jvMvB bvB| GLv‡b GKUv Lvwj Ue wQj| Avcbv‡K †hw`b cÖ_g †`Ljvg †mw`b †`wL GKUv Pviv| Avi hZw`b Avcbvi m‡½ †`Lv n‡q‡Q, GKUv K‡i cvZv MRv‡Z †`LwQ| wKQyw`b Av‡M dzj G‡m‡Q|Õ †ikgvi g‡b n‡q‡Q cy‡ivUvB evbv‡bv| wKš‘ ï‡b †Kgb wkniY †R‡MwQj| hZw`b Zv‡K †`‡L‡Q, ZZw`b GKUv K‡i cvZv MwR‡q‡Q| Zvn‡j GB †Mvjvc! †mUv †Kb, Kx cÖwµqvq MRvj? †ikgv †Kv‡bv K_v bv e‡j wd‡i G‡mwQj †mw`b| ciw`b AvRgj Awdm hvIqvi ci †fv‡i nVvr Kov bvovi kã| Nyg‡Pv‡L `iRv Lyj‡ZB †`‡L †gvnbjvj| mivmwi ZvwK‡q Zvi w`‡K| Wvb nv‡Z aiv †MvjvcUv GwM‡q †`q| †ikgv nZf¤^| cÖkÖq †c‡q GZ`~i GwM‡q‡Q! †Kv‡bv wØav, ms‡KvP †bB AvPi‡Y, †Pv‡L-gy‡L| wenŸj fveUv KvwU‡q gy‡Li Ici `ovg K‡i `iRvUv eÜ K‡i w`‡qwQj †m|

AvU Ô`iRv eÜ K‡i w`jv †Kb? †jvKUv †Zv Ab¨vq wKQy K‡i bvB!Õ †Mvjv‡ci MÜUv Aš—wb©wnZ| bwRi GKUvi ci GKUv wmMv‡iU awi‡q P‡j‡Q| †auvqvq †PvL R¡vjv K‡i †ikgvi| Ô`iRv eÜ KiwQ †Kb Avm‡j Rvwb bv| Gici `iRvq wcV jvwM‡q KZ¶Y `uvwo‡qwQjvg †Lqvj wQj bv| †Kb wbB bvB? wb‡j fv‡jv n‡Zv bv Lvivc n‡Zv, Gme g‡b Av‡m bvB| Lvwj g‡b n‡q‡Q, Avwg `iRvUv GBfv‡e eÜ K‡i w`jvg!Õ ÔZvici?Õ bwRi ïavq| wmMv‡i‡Ui Rb¨ c¨v‡KUUv †ei K‡i †`‡L Avi †bB GKUvI| Ôem wm‡MÖU wb‡q Avwm|Õ bwRi †ewi‡q †M‡j †ikgv GKUz Aemi cvq| nVvr Avk¼v Rv‡M, bwRi Avi wdi‡e bv| cÖwZevi †Zv Ggb n‡q‡Q| mevB Gfv‡eB P‡j †M‡Q| MíUv †kl nIqvi Rb¨B †hb A‡c¶v K‡i Iiv| wKš‘ bwRi wdij| Lv‡U Ava‡kvqv Ae¯’vq Qv‡`i w`‡K gyL K‡i †auvqv Qvo‡Z _v‡K †m| A‡bK¶Y ci †hb eû`~i †_‡K Zvi Mjv †kvbv hvq| Ô†gvnbjvj †Kv_vq GLb?Õ ÔRvwb bv| wZb eQi Av‡Mi NUbv GUv| Gici Avi †Kv_vI Zv‡K †`wL bvB| wKš‘ †Kb †hb g‡b nq GKw`b †Kv_vI bv †Kv_vI †`Lv n‡q hv‡e| Avi Avgvi Lye fq jv‡M GUv †f‡e|Õ ÔZvi evmvq †K _v‡K GLb?Õ bwRi Gevi Avi wmMv‡iU aivq bv| eis c¨v‡KUUv `yB AvOz‡j a‡i Nyiv‡Z _v‡K| ÔIB NUbvi K‡qKw`b ci †gvnbjv‡ji evmvq wM‡q †`wL me A‡Pbv jvM‡Q| IB i“gUvB bvB| Uvbv eviv›`vi Ici UeUvI bvB| †m-RvqMvq eo `yB i“‡gi GKUv d¨vwgwj †KvqvU©vi| †mvenvb †PŠayix bv‡gi GK †jvK bvwK †mLv‡b c‡b‡iv eQi a‡i _v‡K|Õ †ikgv K_v †kl K‡i gyL Nywi‡q †`‡L N‡i †KD †bB| bwRi KLb wbtk¦‡ã P‡j †M‡Q KLb|

bq †ikgv Rv‡b, bwRi Avi Avm‡e bv| wKš‘ bwRi †mUv Rv‡b bv| bwRi Rv‡b bv †h, †m PvB‡jI Avi †ikgvi Kv‡Q †h‡Z cvi‡e bv| Avi †ikgv †h Zv‡K mveavb K‡iwQj, †mUvI Zvi g‡b c‡o bv| gv‡S GKevi †ikgv Zvi ¯‹z‡j wM‡qwQj| QywUi ci

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mvB‡K‡ji n¨v‡Ûj a‡i nuvUwQj bwRi, cv‡k †ikgv| Ô†Zvgv‡`i ev”Pv †bB †Kb?Õ bwRi nVvr cÖkœ K‡i| Avðh©! bwRi MZ †`o eQ‡i GKev‡ii Rb¨I G-K_v Rvb‡Z Pvqwb| AvR nVvr GB †KŠZ‚n‡ji KviY eyS‡Z cv‡i bv †m| ÔAvwg wbB bv| gv‡b GLb Kxfv‡e mvgjve|Õ †ikgvi GB K_v †hb Kv‡b †cuŠQvq bv Zvi| Ôe`icvwZi gvRv‡i †M‡j cv‡iv| †mLv‡b gvbZ Ki‡j bvwK ev”Pv nq|Õ bwR‡ii GB K_vi gv_vgyÊy eyS‡Z cv‡i bv †m| †Kb Gme ej‡Q †mUv Rvbevi dzimZI †g‡j bv| bwRi Zvi Av‡MB mvB‡K‡j D‡V c¨v‡Wj Pvwj‡q †`q| †ikgv RvbZ GgbUvB n‡e| bwRi Avi Avm‡e bv| mevi †ejvq ZvB N‡U‡Q| Avi bwRi †Zv †mUv Rv‡b bv| eis †ikgvi Kv‡Q hvIqvi K_v g‡bB _v‡K bv Zvi| Zvi bvwfi Pvicv‡k AvOzj eywj‡q `ycyiUv KvwU‡q we‡Kj K‡i evmvq †divi K_vI gv_vq Av‡m bv| †m eis eKkxinvU, †Rj‡ivW a‡i GKUvbv mvB‡Kj Pvwj‡q e`icvwZi gvRv‡ii mvg‡b GKUz `uvovq| Zvici Avevi †cQbw`‡K Ny‡i mvimvi AvZ‡ii †`vKvb Avi AvgvbZkv‡ni gvRvi †d‡j GwM‡q hvq| gv‡S nVvr GKUv mi“ Mwj‡Z Xz‡K Gw`K-†mw`K †`L‡Z †`L‡Z G‡Mvq| †`qv‡j dvUjaiv, e‡Ui Pviv-MRv‡bv wdwiw½‡`i Avg‡ji ˆZwi †Kv‡bv `vjv‡bi cv‡k Zvi mvB‡K‡ji MwZ K‡g hvq| GKUv cvb‡`vKv‡bi mvg‡b `uvwo‡q wR‡Ám K‡i, ÔAv”Qv †gvnbjvj bv‡g †KD wK _v‡K GB Mwj‡Z?Õ †`vKvb`vi cvb evbv‡Z evbv‡Z e‡j, Ô†gvnbjvj Kx? Av‡Mwc‡Q wKQy bvB?Õ bwR‡ii nVvr †Lqvj nq, GUv Rvbv nqwb| Zey †m PU K‡i e‡j, Ô†gvnbjvj miKvi|Õ †`vKvb`vi gv_v bv‡o, ÔwPwb bv| _vK‡jI _vK‡Z cv‡i| Avc‡b cv‡ki d¬¨vU¸jv‡Z wMqv †LuvR †bb|Õ bwRi Drmvn cvq bv| Avm‡j †m GgwbB K_vUv Rvb‡Z PvBwQj| †Rj‡ivW cvi n‡q jvjw`wN, †mLvb †_‡K wbDgv‡K©U, UvBMvicvm n‡q bwRi cvnvoZjxi w`‡K P‡j hvq|

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76

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Auv‡P dzUZ Pvj-Avjy, Kv‡jf‡`ª eo‡Rvi `y-GKUv mveavbx wWg Wze w`Z cvwZ‡ji MnŸ‡i| we‡K‡ji giv Av‡jvq gvwU‡Z Qov‡bv †bZv‡bv gywo cig Aa¨emv‡q GKUv GKUv K‡i Lyu‡U ZzjZ ¸jkvb; Av‡iv ZzjZ mvivw`‡bi R‡g _vKv Mí| nv‡Zi evRy‡Z bic­¨v‡›Ui ZvweR ci‡Z ivwR nqwb miKvwi cÖv_wg‡Ki mnKvix wkw¶Kv, Z‡e kix‡ii A›`‡i Kcvi-wU †XvKv‡Z nvmcvZvj wM‡qwQj mܨvivYx‡K m‡½ wb‡qB, †divi c‡_ ¸jkv‡bi †Kb †hb g‡b c‡owQj †mB MíUv Ñ K_vi †Nvov G‡jv‡g‡jv QzwU‡q Zj‡c‡Ui UbU‡b e¨_vUvi gv_vq P‡o emv AvUKv‡bvi GKUv †PóvB n‡e nq‡Zv Ñ mܨvivYx‡K e‡jwQj †¶ZLvgv‡i KvR Kiv ¯^vgxcwiZ¨³ †g‡qgvbylUvi K_v, hvi eywo kvïwo L‡oi weQvbvq ï‡q _vKZ, GKgvÎ †g‡qUv †Pv‡Li Nv‡q AÜ n‡q wM‡qwQj, msmvix eo †Q‡j wQj ¯^v_©ci, Avi Av`‡ii †QvU †Q‡jUv Ni †Q‡o cvwj‡q wM‡qwQj| evwo wd‡i Zv‡Ki Ici †_‡K Avqbv-wPi“wb-c‡g‡Wi †KŠUv mwi‡q eBUv †U‡b bvwg‡qwQj ¸jkvb; `yR‡b wg‡j †`‡LwQj eB‡qi Gwc‡V mv`vKv‡jv Qwe‡Z QuvUvPz‡ji we‡`wk eywoi Mjvq GKQov cyuwZi gvjv Avi I-wc‡V †`wk †jv‡Ki Mjvq †Svjvb UvB Ñ Zv‡`i mevB‡K †`LwQj N‡ii †eovq muvUv PviiOv †cv÷v‡ii myLx cwievi|

79

AvRKvj ¸jkv‡bi wVKvbv Lyu‡R Zvi m‡½ †`Lv Kivi GKUv evmbvq nVvr-nVvr DPvUb nq mܨvivYx; gv÷vi `¤cwZ A‡bK Ny‡iwd‡i wcwUAvB‡q wM‡q D‡V‡Q e‡j †jvKgy‡L ï‡b‡Q †m, Av‡iv ï‡b‡Q Zv‡`i eo †Q‡j BwÄwbqvi n‡Z P‡j‡Q Ñ Ggb GKUv myLei| `yB hy‡ Mi e¨eav‡b mܨvivYxi wb‡RiI KvRK‡g©i wVKvbv cvj‡U‡Q; †cŠimfvi †PŠiv¯—vq gvZ…Qvqv wK¬wb‡Ki A¨v‡cÖvbciv Avqv ïay bq, Mf©cvZPP©vi myev‡` Avkcv‡ki wZb †Rjvq bvg A_ev e`bvg Kzovb MvBwbi Wv³v‡ii Acwinvh© mnKvix wn‡m‡e evmvevwo‡Z cÖvB‡f‡UI WvK c‡o Zvi; AevwÃZ i³gvs‡mi wekÖx `jv Kv‡jv cwjw_‡b gy‡o wK¬wb‡Ki †cQ‡bi cPv †Wvevq Pvjvb Kivi mgq †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bvw`b Zvi g‡b c‡o, ¸jkv‡bi eB‡qi †g‡qgvbylUvI ¯^vgxi Aš—a©v‡bi ci GKevi †cU Lwm‡qwQj Ñ MÖv‡gi Rwg`vi bv bv‡qe Kvi †hb ev”Pv wQj †mUv! ev”Pz wVKv`v‡ii K_vI ZLb Zvi g‡b Av‡m, myejiv `yB fvB hvi Kv‡Q RwgRgv †e‡P wM‡qwQj bM‡`, hvi Ki“Yvq cyKzi nvZQvov nIqvi ciI NvUUv Av‡Mi g‡ZvB e¨envi Ki‡Z †c‡iwQj †m; Ges †mB Ki“Yvi wewbg‡q evRv‡i Pvjy _vKv GKwU wek¦v m‡hvM¨ Kvwnwb wb®cÖwZev` bxieZvq nRg K‡i †M‡Q| mvg‡bi ˆP‡Î ev”Pz wVKv`v‡ii †Q‡jiv cyKzi fivU K‡i nvDwRs evbv‡e Ñ B`vbxs Ggb msev‡` wePwjZ †eva K‡i mܨvivYx; ïay G-Kvi‡YB bq †h, RjvkqwUi AeZ©gv‡b mKvj-mܨvq i“cvi weQvbv †_‡K †ei nIqv gqjv Kuv_vKvc‡oi Uvj †avqvi Kx e¨e¯’v n‡e †mUv †m Rv‡b bv; cvkvcvwk wb‡Ri NvU †_‡K wZb NvU c‡ii Avkxl‡`i evwo‡Z G wb‡q †Kgb K_vevZ©v n‡Z cv‡i, †mUvi AvMvg bgybv AuvP K‡iI gyl‡o c‡o| †Kbbv, †m Rv‡b, gvbyl hZ hv-wKQz fzjyK wb‡Ri AcgvbUzKz †Kv‡bvw`b †fv‡j bv; wWwf †c‡q Av‡gwiKvq cvwo †`Iqvi eQiLv‡bK Av‡M QbœQvov Avkxl hLb fvwM‡q wb‡q we‡q K‡iwQj wi³v‡K, GB cyKziNv‡U e‡mB †g‡qi DwQjvq †eqvBevwoi w`‡K wb‡Ri Qz‡o †`Iqv we`ªƒ‡ci Zxi Ñ ÔgvR †jv gvR, mvDevwoi gvBqv, gv‡jv‡Mv evwoi evmb gvR!Õ Ñ GLb cvëv AvNvZ n‡q wd‡i Avm‡Z cv‡i| Avkxl‡`i fvOv wfUvq `vjvb D‡V wM‡q‡Q Ñ †jv‡K e‡j wWwf-Wjv‡ii evwo Ñ †m-evwoi †jv‡Kiv Aek¨ cvKv KjNi †Q‡o cyKziNv‡U eo GKUv Av‡m bv AvRKvj| `yeQi Av‡M GKevi †`‡k G‡mwQj Avkxl-wi³v, my‡Li †`‡ki evwo-Mvwoi Mí Dc‡P c‡o I‡`i †Pv‡Lgy‡L; wb‡R‡`i evwo wK‡b ILv‡bI bvwK Avg-wjPzi MvQ ey‡b‡Q, gvPvq Szwj‡q‡Q wkg-jvD| GKgvm wQj Iiv, ïi“‡Z wbqwgZ G‡jI †klw`‡K Avkxl Avi Av‡mwb mܨvivYxi N‡i, wi³vi gy‡L nVvr K‡iB Nwb‡q G‡mwQj A‡Pbv Auvavi; hvi gv‡b eyS‡Z eo †ewk mgq wb‡q †d‡jwQj mܨvivYx, hZUv †`wi n‡j Mf©cv‡Zi RwUjZvq †evevKvjv Kb¨vi gvwmK i³cvZ †e‡o hvq K‡qK¸Y, Avi bZzb K‡i A‡Pbv ¶i‡Y Avµvš— nq Rbbxi Aš—M©Z Nv| Mv‡qi isUv Pvcv e‡j wi³vi Agb bvg Ry‡UwQj, A_P Zvi hgR i“cv †`excÖwZgvi g‡Zv is‡Pnviv Avi fiš— kixi wb‡qI AvRxeb weQvbvq c‡o †MvOv‡bvi Kcvj wb‡q G‡m‡Q Ñ GB cwinvm GKmgq cÖwZ‡ekx‡`i `vk©wbK Av‡jvPbvi my‡hvM w`Z; weeªZgy‡L mܨvivYxI welqUv wb‡q †f‡e‡Q A‡bKw`b, Zvici KLb †hb fve‡Z fz‡jI †M‡Q, A_ev fvebvUv wg‡k †M‡Q cÖwZw`bKvi †fRv Kvc‡oi i“wUbeuvav ev®cxfe‡b| Zey †g‡qi wc‡Vi Nv‡q gjg †j‡c †Xvjv RvgvUvi †evZvg AuvUvi duv‡K A_ev Pz‡ji †MvQv †ewY‡Z †Mu‡_ †`Iqvi mgq, †m wb‡R APj

80

n‡q co‡j kh¨vkvqx †evSvwUi Kx n‡e Ñ Ggb Awbevh© cÖ‡kœi gy‡LvgywL wb‡R‡K `uvo Kivq, hvi †Kv‡bv DËi Kv‡iv Kv‡Q Av‡Q wK bv mܨvivYx Rv‡b bv| ïay Rv‡b, ReveUv Zvi wb‡Ri Kv‡Q †bB| M„n‡`eZv j²x wely¨`ev‡ii cuvPvwj‡Z Zzó wK bv, †m-K_v mܨvivYxi g‡b Av‡m bv; hw`I weRqv `kgxi w`‡b we`vqx VvKz‡ii mvg‡b A‡bK¸‡jv †fRv †Pv‡Li wf‡o Avcb †Pv‡Li ﮋZv Zv‡K cxov †`q, †g‡qi weQvbvq eR©¨‡kvlK Kuv_vKvc‡oi e‡›`ve¯— Ki‡Z wM‡q evevi gy‡L †kvbv hhvwZi †hŠebwf¶vi Kvwnwb g‡b Kivi †Póv K‡i, i“cvi g‡Zv GKUv APj mš—vb _vK‡j hhvwZ wb‡Ri e`‡j ¯¿xi Rb¨ Abš— Avqy PvBZ wK bv Ñ †miKg GKUv cÖkœ ciw`b †fv‡i cyKziNv‡U e‡m †avqv Kuv_v wbsov‡bv cvwbi m‡½ Swi‡q †`q| i“cvi Av‡iv‡M¨i Am¤¢e Avkvq VvKz‡ii Kv‡Q nvZ‡Rvo K‡iwb †m eûw`b, Z‡e msmvicjvZK myej mvnv mܨvivYxi cÖv_©bvq hvZvqvZ K‡i‡Q AmsL¨evi, †h-cÖv_©bvi fvlv cvj‡U †M‡Q `dvq `dvq| cÖ_gw`‡K A‡Svi AkÖ“cv‡Z hLb e‡j‡Q ÔVvKzi, Zzwg Zv‡i g‡b KivIÕ, cÖvw_©Z ¯§iYkw³i AvIZvq ZLb wkïmš—vb Avi weevwnZ ¯¿xi `vwei AwZwi³ Av‡iv wKQz wQj; nq‡Zvev K¬vm bvB‡bi †cŠibxwZ eB‡qi fuv‡R jywK‡q ivLv wPwVi kãev‡K¨i D_jv‡bv ¯§„wZKvZiZv Ñ †h-†cÖgc‡Îi nvZe`‡ji mgq AvïM‡Äi evZv‡m fvmwQj ev¯‘nviv wkgyjZzjvi KYv, AvKv‡k mv`v †auvqvi †gNc_ ˆZwi K‡iwQj wbtk‡ã D‡o hvIqv †QvÆ D‡ovRvnvR... cÖv_©bv hLb wb‡RB †Ui cvq Zvi c~iY nIqvi †hvM¨Zv †bB, †m-cÖv_©bvi †Rvi dzwi‡q hvq, A_ev gb¯‹vgbvi MwZc_ Nywi‡q †bq Avkvnxb gvbyl; mܨvivYxi cÖv_©bvI Avg~j e`‡j †M‡Q GKUv mg‡q G‡m, hLb cÖvYc‡Y ¯^vgxi ¯§iYkw³i webvk Kvgbv K‡i‡Q †m, Aweivg Awfkv‡ci wZ³Zv Qwo‡q| †mB ce©I Pz‡K †M‡Q A‡bKw`b Ñ D`vmxbZv, wb¯ú„nZv wKsev ¶gvkxjZvi †Kv‡bv Ae‡PZbm~Î †g‡b wb‡q Zvi †Kv‡bv cÖv_©bvB GLb Avi wi³v-i“cvi ev‡ci Aw¯—Z¡ Rvbvb †`q bv| Aek¨ cÖv_©bv ev Pvwn`v QvovI fvebvi Dcj¶ _vKv m¤¢e; Zvi cÖgvY w`‡Z GZw`b c‡iI ¸jkv‡bi eBUv mܨvivYxi gbcyKz‡i NvBgviv †evqv‡ji eyØy` †Zv‡j, Ges myej mvnv welqK fvebvi GKUv †Pviv‡mªvZ †mLv‡b mš—c©‡Y KvR K‡i| eB‡qi †mB †g‡qgvbylUv hv‡K mevB ÔgvÕ bv‡g †P‡b, Zvi ¯^vgxUv †Kv‡bvw`b wd‡i G‡mwQj wK-bv, †mB Abygv‡bi Mfx‡i Wze †`q mܨvivYx; coš— †ejvq Rxe‡bi †ejvf~wg‡Z `uvwo‡q Zvi g‡b nq, GZw`b a‡i Ck¦‡ii Kv‡Q †h cÖKvk¨ A_ev cÖ”Qbœ cÖkœwU †m †i‡L G‡m‡Q, Zvi e‡Kqv DËiUv IB eB‡ZB Av‡Q! Ggb GKUv hyw³nxb wek¦v‡mi mi“ LyuwU Kxfv‡e †hb †M‡o e‡m‡Q †evaeyw×i Kv`vgvwU‡Z †m Rv‡b bv, ïay Rv‡b wmwÏK gv÷v‡ii eD‡K Zvi Lyu‡R cvIqv PvB; N‡ii Zv‡K eBUv GZw`b wU‡K _vKzK ev bv _vKzK, ¸jkv‡bi wbðqB g‡b Av‡Q M‡íi NiQvov †jvKUv msmv‡i wd‡i G‡mwQj wK bv| †m hw` wd‡i Av‡m Z‡e †d‡j hvIqv msmv‡i Avevi wd‡i Avm‡e myej mvnvI, nVvr †Kv‡bv †fvi‡ejvq †`Lv hv‡e gvRvfvOv RevMvQUvi wb‡P `uvwo‡q j¤^v nvB Zz‡j gv_vfiv Pz‡ji gvbylUv Avo‡gvov fvO‡Q `ynvZ DuwP‡q Ñ GB Avkvq fi K‡i †kl we‡K‡j evwo †d‡i mܨvivYx; c‡_ AvPgKv †nuvP‡U m¨v‡Û‡ji wew”QbœcÖvq wd‡ZUv evwo †cuŠQv‡bv ch©š— wU‡K _vK‡j N‡i Xz‡K †`L‡e AvR i“cv weQvbv †bvsiv K‡iwb Ñ mveavbx cv †d‡j nuvU‡Z nuvU‡Z Kvh©KviY-djvd‡ji Ggb GKUv †Q‡jgvbywl m~Î wbg©v‡Yi †Póv K‡i| 

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Zvi K_v g‡b c‡o fv‡m Zvi gyLLvwb jywK‡q †Pv‡Li Rj †m gy‡Q‡Q Avbg‡b| Zvi Mv‡b wQj Qvqv Zvi Mv‡b Aemvb AvKv‡k Kx-GK Av‡jv we`vq †bevi w`‡b| `~‡i †h‡Z wM‡q †`wL wng cov ïi“ n‡jv Ñ wn‡gi iv‡Zi AvKvk gvqvex c‡_i Pjvq| Kvj‰ekvwL Av‡m mg‡qi GK euv‡K Zvi K_v g‡b c‡o AvR mfvNi duvKv| 81

myexi KvBqyg †PŠayix ü`q †_‡K cvwo Rwg‡q‡Qv K¨vOvi“i †`k †_‡K cÖkvš— gnvmvM‡ii †jvbvRj Qyu‡q ¯^vaxbZvq m¤§vwbZ g½jevZ©vi Pv¶zl AwaMÖnY Aš—i †_‡K †Zvgv‡K GZUv c_ †U‡b G‡bwQj| hw`I wd‡i †h‡Z n‡e Avevi bZzb †`‡k wcÖqRb mvwbœ‡a¨ GK AhyZ mgq Avb›`avivq AeMvnb| wd‡i cvIqv Zvi“Y¨ †hb †hŠe‡bi †ejvf~wg‡Z wPÎiPbvq hy³ n‡e bZzb Dcv`vb| D`MÖxe wQjvg Ñ †Pv‡L wQj bxjvÄb; mevi ü`‡q †`vjv w`‡q hvw”Qj bZzb Qwei KvVv‡gv| ü`q †f‡O Zzwg wd‡i †M‡j k~b¨ nv‡Z †Zvgvi †Zv †Kv‡bv nvZ wQj bv Zv‡Z| wKš‘ Zzwg aiv c‡o †M‡j Nygiv‡R¨i Avbv‡Mvbvi Avmj †nZz| evmv †eu‡a wQj A‡bK Av‡MB NyY‡cvKv| †Kv_vI wQj bv †jLv| Kz‡i Kz‡i Lvw”Q‡jv †Zvgv‡K| †ev‡Svwb wKQy, `¨v‡Lvwb wKQy| w`bivZ ïay KvR| nVvr eRªcvZ| euvPvi wQj AvKzwZ| cÖv_©bv wQj mevi| †eu‡P 82

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†`L‡Z| wKš‘ †Kv‡bvw`bB Avwg Ii K‡É wkm ïwbwb, PzcPvc e‡m †_‡K A¯úó wKQy aŸwb ïwb‡q evZv‡m cvLv †g‡j w`Z| cv‡_© _vKvKv‡j Avwg GKw`bB `y‡Uv †`v‡qj †`‡LwQ Mv‡Qi wb‡P ïK‡bv cvZvi g‡a¨, G Qvov †K‡bvw`bB GKm‡½ `y‡Uv †`v‡qj †Pv‡L c‡owb| GKUv KK©kaŸwb ï‡b Avwe®‹vi K‡iwQjvg g¨vMcvBUv‡K| G‡`i Kɯ^iB †Kej KK©k bq, AvPi‡YI Giv i“¶| my‡hvM †c‡jB WªvBf w`‡q gv_vq †VvKi w`‡Z I¯—v`| A‡÷ªwjqvi cÖvq me kniB M‡o D‡V‡Q mgy`ª-DcK‚‡j, cv_©I Gi e¨wZµg bq| I‡q÷vb© A‡÷ªwjqv cy‡iv A‡÷ªwjqvi cÖvq A‡a©K n‡jI Gi †ewkifvMB gi“ AÂj, †h-Kvi‡Y me©Î RbemwZ M‡o I‡Vwb| cv_© I‡q÷vb© A‡÷ªwjqvi ivRavbx| m¤cÖwZ GLv‡b Avwe®‹„Z n‡q‡Q †jvnv, Zvgv, †Zj Ges M¨v‡mi Lwb, †mBm‡½ †mvbv, nxiv Ges Ab¨vb¨ g~j¨evb cv_i| ˆZwi n‡”Q wekvj wekvj iv¯—v, Pj‡Q wekvjvKvi UªvK Ges jwi| jwi¸‡jv †`L‡j ixwZg‡Zv fq nq| GKw`b iv¯—vq GKwU jwi †`Ljvg, †mwUi bvwK weqvwj­kwU PvKv| GKwU wbw`©ó `~i‡Z¡i ci †mwU Avi hv‡e bv| G-jwii wRwbm¸‡jv †evSvB n‡e Av‡iv eo Mvwo‡Z †h¸‡jv †ivW †Uªb (road train) bv‡g cwiwPZ| Lwb-A‡j PjvP‡ji Dc‡hvMx K‡i G¸‡jv ˆZwi Kiv n‡q‡Q| DbœZ †`k¸‡jvi wewfbœ myweavi g‡a¨ GKwU myweav n‡jv Ñ Mvwo Avi A_© _vK‡j ZwíZív QvovB hLb-ZLb †ewi‡q cov hvq| wKQy`~i ciciB †c‡Uªvj cv¤ú| †mBm‡½ cwi”Qbœ Uq‡j‡Ui myweav| cÖ‡qvR‡b †c‡Uªvj cv‡¤ú Mvwo cvK© K‡i ivZI KvUv‡bv hvq| 2004-G †gj‡evb© †_‡K wmWwb Avmvi c‡_ Ggb AwfÁZv Avgvi n‡qwQj| cv_© †_‡K Lwb-GjvKv¸‡jv‡Z hvIqvi c‡_ G-ai‡bi myweav GL‡bv M‡o I‡Vwb| Z‡e cwiKíbv Pj‡Q| LwbRm¤ú‡`i cÖvPzh© wb‡q cv_©evmxi g‡bI †ek LvwbKUv Me©‡eva Av‡Q| Giv Pvq bv, cv‡_©i m¤ú` Ab¨ †Kv_vI hvK| GgbwK †KD †KD I‡q÷vb© A‡÷ªwjqv‡K GKwU c„_K †`k wn‡m‡e Kíbv K‡iI ¯^w¯—‡eva K‡ib| A‡÷ªwjqvi wmsnfvM AvKi †jvnvi (iron ore) L‡Ïi Pxb| GLvbKvi Wjv‡ii g~j¨gvb A‡bKUvB wbf©i K‡i Gme iron ore-Gi idZvwbi cwigv‡Yi Ici| GLvbKvi cÖwZwU evwo meyR j‡b XvKv Ges evMvb‡ewóZ| ga¨ A‡±ve‡ii c‡i Avwg hLb cv‡_© hvB, ZLb AvKvi Ges i‡Oi ˆewP‡Î¨ †Mvjvc Avgvi g‡bvniY K‡iwQj| wPiw`bB Avwg cy®ú‡cÖgx| Avgvi mvivRxe‡bi åg‡Yi AwaKvskB cvnvo-mgy`ªcÖK…wZ; wKš‘ GZ †Mvjvc KL‡bv †`wLwb| cÖwZwU mvev‡eB (suburb) PgrKvi Uvwj-euvav‡bv dzUcvZ Ñ SKS‡K cwi®‹vi, cv‡k mvi K‡i jvMv‡bv ˆK‡kv‡ivËxY© meyR g¨vcj MvQ| Avgvi cyÎea~ bvCgv Avi Avwg cÖwZw`bB GKUv †jK‡K mv‡K©j K‡i nuvUZvg| GKw`b ïay njy` †Mvjv‡c QvIqv GKwU jb †`‡L _g‡K `uvovjvg| †gvUv‡mvUv GK f`ª‡jvK †MvjvcMv‡Qi cwiPh©vq e¨¯—| Avgv‡`i †`‡L †PvL Zz‡j ZvKv‡jb| ejjvg, Ô†Zvgvi evMvbUv my›`i, Zvi †P‡qI my›`i †Zvgvi †Mvjvc¸‡jv|Õ g„`y †n‡m ej‡jb, ÔAv‡iv my›`i wQj|Õ ga¨ wW‡m¤^‡i Avwg hLb †`‡k wdwi, ZLb †Mvjv‡ci †gŠmyg cÖvq †kl Ñ RvqMv K‡i wb‡q‡Q wewPÎ e‡Y©i D¾¡j †gŠmywg dzj| nuvUvi c‡_B †`Lv n‡Zv Kgeqmx †_‡K eqmx gvby‡li m‡½| †KD GKv, †KD m½x wb‡q, †KD-ev mcwiev‡i ˆeKvwjK åg‡Y †ewi‡q‡Q, m‡½ Zv‡`i wcÖq WwM| ev”Pviv ej Qy‡o w`‡”Q, WwM gy‡L K‡i wb‡q Avm‡Q| KL‡bv WwMi m‡½ ev”PvivI †`Šov‡”Q| cÖwZ we‡K‡jB KzKzi wb‡q †ei nq Giv| mvivw`b Kv‡R e¨¯— _v‡K, KzKzi _v‡K M¨v‡iR-ew›`| myZivs ˆeKvwjK ågY AeavwiZ| GLv‡b GKwU cwiwPZ `„k¨ Ñ A‡b‡KB nv‡Z

90

cwjw_b †cuwP‡q Nyi‡Q| bvCgv‡K cÖkœ Ki‡ZB nvm‡Z nvm‡Z Rvbvj, KzKzi iv¯—vq ev dzUcv‡Z ÔpooÕ Ki‡j cwi®‹vi Ki‡e †K? IB weôv cwi®‹vi Kivi `vwqZ¡ gvwj‡Ki, bq‡Zv aiv co‡j Rwigvbv| GKUz cici _v‡gi g‡a¨ cwjw_b ivLv Av‡Q, cÖ‡qvR‡b †h-†KD e¨envi Ki‡Z cv‡i| g‡b g‡b fvejvg, gvbyl evo‡j wK Avi GUv m¤¢e n‡Zv? Z‡e i‡³ G‡`i k„•Ljvi Af¨vm Xy‡K †M‡Q| myZivs m¤¢e| †bnixb (bvCgv) Ges Avgvi bvwZ ivBqv‡bi KzKzifxwZ †`Lvi g‡Zv| k„•LwjZ Ae¯’vq cÖfyi nv‡Z-aiv KzKzi †`L‡jI Iiv `yR‡bB Avgvi †cQ‡b jyKvZ| G‡`i GB KzKzifxwZ GZB `„k¨gvb †h, gvwjK wb‡RB KzKiz ¸‡jv‡K mwi‡q wb‡Zb| GKw`b nuvUwQ Ñ Avgvi cyÎ mcwiev‡i Lye mš¿¯—fv‡e GKUv KzKz‡ii MwZwewa j¶ Ki‡Q, hw`I gy‡L GKUv K…wÎg nvwm| Kgeqmx gvwjK fyj eyS‡jb| GwM‡q G‡m Avgvi cy·K cÖkœ Ki‡jb, ÔLye fv‡jv WwM, Av`i Ki‡Z PvI?Õ wbwg‡l mevi gy‡Li nvwm DavI Ges Avgvi cyÎ Ggbfv‡e ÔnoÕ kãUv D”PviY Kij †hUv Avgvi Kv‡bI AZ¨š— iƒp †kvbvj| I‡K ejjvg, ÔGKUv ab¨ev` Rvbv‡jB cvi‡Z| Ggbfv‡e K_v ejv wK wVK?Õ †mI AbyZß Ñ ejj, Ôejvi m‡½ m‡½ eyS‡Z †c‡iwQ Gfv‡e K_vUv ejv wVK nqwb, sorry gv|Õ A‡bK eQi Av‡Mi GKUv ¯§„wZ g‡b c‡o †Mj| Avgvi GB †Q‡jB ZLb m¤¢eZ †KwR Uz‡Z coZ| Ii GK mncvVx wQj fxlY `yóz, Z‡e †m †h-KvRwU wbqwgZ KiZ Zv n‡jv, evwo †_‡K Avbv wUwd‡bi wKQyUv Ask wbqwgZ ¯‹z‡ji GKUv KzKzi‡K LvIqvZ| GKw`b `yózwg K‡i KzKiz Uvi `yB Kvb g‡j †`Iqvi mgq KzKz‡ii Kvgo †L‡q †ePviv‡K Bb‡RKkb wb‡Z n‡qwQj| GB NUbvwUB Ii g‡b Qvc †d‡j‡Q wK-bv Rvwb bv| †cQ‡b ZvwK‡q †`wL KzKz‡ii gvwjK wظY Drmv‡n Zvi WwMi Mv‡q-gv_vq nvZ eywj‡q bv-cvIqv Av`‡ii †e`bv fywj‡q w`‡Z e¨¯—| c„w_exi Ab¨Zg evZvmeûj kni cv_©, Avi mgy‡`ªi av‡i n‡j †Zv K_vB †bB| cv‡_© ax‡i ax‡i RbmsL¨v evo‡Q, ïi“ n‡q‡Q knivqb| Z‡e mxwgZ RbmsL¨v Ges cÖPzi RvqMv _vKvq cv_© M‡o DV‡Q bv›`wbKfv‡e| g~j kn‡i nv‡Z‡Mvbv K‡qKwU eûZj Awdm feb Ñ wKQy wKQy evmfebI M‡o D‡V‡Q, Z‡e †m¸‡jv‡K wVK eûZj feb ejv hvq bv| GLv‡b PgrKvi GKwU b`x Av‡Q Ñ †mvqvb b`x| ivRnuv‡mi g‡ZvB `yjwKPv‡j e‡q P‡j‡Q| wewfbœ AvBK‡b Giv ivRnuv‡mi Qwe e¨envi K‡i| hw`I RvZxq cÖZxK wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ nq K¨v½vi“| AvcvZ`„wó‡Z †mvqvb kvš—wkó b`x n‡jI mgy‡`ªi m‡½ †hvM _vKvq cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©v‡Mi mgq Gi kvš—wkó iƒc `ª“Z e`‡j hvq| cÖKw… Zi m‡½ mgš^q K‡i Giv M‡o Zzj‡Q cv_©‡K| †mvqvb b`x †_‡K GKUv RjcÖevn kn‡i Avbvi KvR ïi“ n‡q‡Q GiB g‡a¨| GB K…wÎg †j‡Ki `yB Zxi a‡i M‡o DV‡e AvKvk¯úkx© feb, ev` hv‡e bv MvQcvjv Ges cy‡®úv`¨vb| †Kvjvnjgy³ wQgQvg GKwU kni, UjU‡j R‡ji cÖevn, MvQcvjv, cy‡®úv`¨vb, emvi RvqMv, dzUcvZ Ges iv¯—v Ñ †hb Kíbvi RMr| Avi GB Kíbv‡KB ev¯—‡e iƒc w`‡Z P‡j‡Q Giv| G‡`i bv›`wbK-†ev‡ai cÖksmv bv K‡i cviv hvq bv| cv‡_©i iv¯—v¸‡jv µgk PIov n‡”Q Ñ Pj‡Q w`bivZ KvR| g~j iv¯—v¸‡jvi cv‡k †Kv‡bv emwZ _vK‡j †mLv‡b DuPz K‡i mxgvbvcÖvPxi Zz‡j †`Iqv n‡”Q Ñ D‡Ïk¨ iv¯—vi hvwš¿K kã †hb mvev‡ei Awaevmx‡`i weiw³i KviY bv nq| wmWwb wegvbe›`‡i ivZ `kUv †_‡K mKvj QqUv ch©š— GKB Kvi‡Y wegvb IVvbvgv eÜ _v‡K| G-e¨e¯’v Ab¨ wKQy †`‡kI Av‡Q| `ytL, nZvkv,

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meRvš—v, fv‡jv K_v ej‡j wUKwKwi, Dc‡`‡k wei³ Ñ †Z‡o Avm‡ZI wØav K‡i bv| GZ Amwnòz GZ wb`©q n‡q DVwQ Avgiv!

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cwiwPZ n‡Z G‡m‡Qb| GKUz c‡i bvCgv G‡m †hvM w`‡jv| Avgvi cÖ‡kœi Dˇi gwnjv Rvbv‡jb, wZwb NiKbœv wb‡q e¨¯—, ¯^vgx-mš—vb-msmv‡ii †`Lv‡kvbv Kiv QvovI Zuvi e„× gv‡qi †mev-ïkÖƒlv Ki‡Qb, ZvB evB‡i †Kv‡bv Kv‡Ri m‡½ hy³ nbwb| wmWwb‡Z Avgvi †`e‡ii we‡`wkbx ¯¿x‡KI †`‡LwQ Zuvi e„× Ges Amy¯’ `vw`‡K †mev Ki‡Z| g‡b n‡jv, KZ fyj aviYv wb‡qB bv Avgiv _vwK| GivI gv-evev‡K Avkªq †`q, †mev K‡i, eis AvgivB †evanq cvwievwiK eÜb †_‡K m‡i hvw”Q| cÖK…Z mZ¨, e¨wZµg meLv‡bB Av‡Q| ZvQvov cv_© GL‡bv KvV‡LvÆv kni n‡q I‡Vwb| gRvi e¨vcvi n‡jv, cv‡_© Giv mš—vb †bIqvi e¨vcv‡i ixwZg‡Zv D`vi| Giv wZb-PviUv K‡i mš—vb †bq Ges Kg mg‡qi e¨eav‡b| †KD gvÎ ¯‹z‡j Xy‡K‡Q, †KD nuvU‡Q, †KD ÷ªjv‡i e‡m ev ï‡q gv‡qi m½x n‡q ¯‹z‡j Avm‡Q| we‡`‡k me‡P‡q eo mgm¨v `~iZ¡ Ñ we‡klZ †m-RvqMvwU‡Z hw` †Uªb ev ev‡mi m‡½ fv‡jv †hvMv‡hvM bv _v‡K| Gme †¶‡Î e¨w³MZ MvwoB fimv| Avgvi cyÎ iv‡k` P‡j hvq Awd‡m †÷k‡b Mvwo †i‡L| †divi c‡_ †Uªb †_‡K †b‡g Mvwo wb‡q †d‡i| Avgv‡`i †`‡k Gfv‡e Mvwo †d‡j ivLvi welqwU ixwZg‡Zv Afvebxq| Avgvi cyÎea~i jvB‡mÝ wmWwbi, GLv‡b GKwU wbw`©ó mg‡qi c‡i GK G‡÷‡Ui jvB‡mÝ Ab¨ G‡÷‡U e¨envi‡hvM¨ bq| cv‡_©i WªvBwfs jvB‡m‡Ýi Rb¨ Av‡e`b K‡i‡Q, ZL‡bv nv‡Z cvqwb| GRb¨ Avgiv kwb-†iveevi Qvov `~‡i †h‡Z cviZvg bv| Gi g‡a¨ wmWwb †_‡K Avgvi †`ei G‡jv| wbqgvbyhvqx †m wKQyw`b GLv‡b Zvi jvB‡mÝ e¨envi Ki‡Z cvi‡e, my‡hvMUv Avgiv jy‡d wbjvg| hw`I Zvi nv‡Z mgq gvÎ `k w`b Ges GiB g‡a¨ Zv‡K wewfbœ KvR mvi‡Z n‡e| AcÖvmw½K n‡jI D‡j­L Kiv DwPZ, Avgvi G-†`ei Avgv‡K gvZ…mg g‡b K‡i Ges Avgvi mš—vb‡`i Rb¨ me ai‡bi Z¨vM ¯^xKvi Ki‡Z †m wØavnxb| Zvi cÖ_g KvR bvCgvi WªvBwfs jvB‡mÝ †ei Kiv| jvB‡mÝ Avb‡Z n‡e †cv÷ Awdm †_‡K| †cv÷ Awdm †`‡L _g‡K †Mjvg, G-ai‡bi †cv÷ Awdm †`Lvi AwfÁZv Avgvi GB cÖ_g| 1907 mv‡j gv‡K©U w÷ª‡U GwUi hvÎv ïi“| †`‡L g‡b nq eomo GKUv †`vKvb| eB, LvZv, Kjg, †cbwmj, K¨vjKz‡jUi, K¨v‡jÛvi, g¨vMvwRb Ñ Kx †bB| GiB GKcv‡k `y-wZbwU Kw¤úDUvi Avi RbvPv‡iK Zi“Y-Zi“Yx wb‡q †cv÷ Awdm| wKš‘ KvD‡KB †PŠKm e‡j g‡b n‡jv bv| GKevi Kw¤úDUvi n¨vs n‡q hvq †Zv Av‡iKevi wcÖ›U †ei Ki‡Z cv‡i bv, †dvb K‡i cÖkœ K‡i| Avgvi g‡b n‡jv Avgv‡`i †`‡ki †Q‡j‡g‡qiv Gme Kv‡R KZ `¶| Gme KvR I‡`i Kv‡Q bwm¨| `xN© K‡qK NÈv ci GKRb G‡m mgm¨vi mgvavb Ki‡jb Ñ jvB‡mÝ cvIqv †Mj| c‡i ï‡bwQjvg, GLvbKvi A‡b‡KB bvwK cyi‡bv c×wZ‡Z KvR Ki‡Z cQ›` K‡ib, myZivs AvMÖn Ges `¶Zv Kg| Z‡e mgq e`‡j hv‡”Q| GiB g‡a¨ GKUv j¤^v md‡i †ei nIqvi cwiKíbv Kiv n‡jv, Mš—e¨¯’j Ajevwb Ñ hvIqv-Avmv wg‡j `yB w`b| wKš‘ bvCgv Ges iv‡k‡`i eÜzcZœx wUbv c~Y© my¯’ bv _vKvq Ajevwbi cwie‡Z© gvM©v‡iU wifvi †`L‡Z hvIqvB w¯’i n‡jv| KzBbvbv nvBI‡q (Kwinana) a‡i hvÎv ïi“ n‡jv| kni cvi n‡ZB gvB‡ji ci gvBj †Lvjv cÖvš—‡i †Kv_vI †Nvovi Lvgvi, †Kv_vI †fovi Lvgvi, †Kv_vI cvBb eb, R½j Ges wKQy wKQy AvgMvQ| Gici ïi“ n‡jv †XD †Ljvb PgrKvi gm„Y iv¯—v Avi `yav‡i AvOyi‡¶Z| gvPv †eu‡a jZv‡bv MvQ¸‡jv‡K gvPvi Dc‡i Zz‡j †`Iqv n‡q‡Q Ñ wKQyUv Ab¨ ai‡bi meyR| evbevwi †cuŠ‡Q †LuvR ïi“ n‡jv gvM©v‡iU wifvi wKš‘ wKQy‡ZB Ly‡u R cvIqv †Mj bv|

92

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KzBqvbv nvBI‡q, cv_©, I‡q÷vb© A‡÷ªwjqv

GLv‡bB KvUv‡eb K‡qKw`b Zvici Avevi hvÎv| Giv Aemi Dc‡fvM Ki‡Z Rv‡b, euvP‡Z Rv‡b Ñ Rxe‡bi cvÎ c~Y© K‡i euv‡P| G-ˆmKZUv †_‡K Avi GKUz `~‡iB Avi GKUv Xvjy RvqMv wbR©b †Sv‡ci cvk w`‡q †b‡g ˆmKZ Qy‡u q‡Q| ILv‡b bvg‡jI †ewk¶Y _vKvi mvnm n‡jv bv| A‡÷ªwjqvi †cvKvgvK‡oi welv³Zvi K_v me©Rbwew`Z| Gi cv‡kB meyR j‡b-†Niv my›`i GKwU evs‡jv c¨vUv‡b©i evwo, Aemihvcb Ges mgy`ª-`k©‡bi PgrKvi e¨e¯’v| GiB g‡a¨ GKw`b †Mjvg weL¨vZ A¨vijy‡qb (Araluen) cvK© †`L‡Z| GB †evUvwbK cvK©wU‡K Zviv AwfwnZ K‡i‡Q Ôcvnv‡oi gv‡S ¯^MÕ© (heaven in the Hill) bv‡g| cvnvwo iv¯—v †e‡q AuvKveuvKv c‡_ Mvwo Pj‡Q, c‡_i `yav‡i GB cÖ_g †Pv‡L coj km¨ Ges mewR‡¶Z| meyR Avi meyR, Qwei g‡Zv my›`i Ges †MvQv‡bv| Z‡e ˆkk‡e †`Lv cÖvš—‡ii ci cÖvš—i Ry‡o evZv‡m †XD †L‡j hvIqv meyR avb‡¶‡Zi †mŠ›`h© Av‡Rv ¯§„wZ‡Z A¤­vb| †mB avb‡¶Z Qyu‡q e‡q hvIqv evZvm †hb Av‡Rv Avgv‡K Qy‡u q hvq| AZtci cvnv‡oi Ic‡i †cuŠQv‡bv †Mj, cÖ‡ekc‡_i cv‡kB Mvwo ivLvi RvqMv| weKwkZ cy®úfv‡i mw¾Z gvSvwi Mo‡bi wKQy MvQ Qvqv wb‡q `uvwo‡q Av‡Q, ZviB GKcv‡k wUwKU KvD›Uvi| wUwKU †K‡U †fZ‡i XyK‡ZB †Pv‡L coj c­¨vKv‡W© †jLv mveavbevYx Ñ ÔBe aware of snakesÕ| Avgvi exi †cŠÎ Mv‡qi m‡½ †j‡Þ †Mj| A‡bK K‡óI Zv‡K bov‡bv †Mj| cy®úmv‡R mw¾Z g‡bvgy»Ki GKwU cvK©| mv‡a wK Giv e‡j, Ôgš¿gy» nIqvi Rb¨ cÖ¯‘Z nIÕ (Prepare to be enchanted)!

DËi-`w¶‡Y we¯—Z „ DcZ¨Kv, †`v-Auvk RvZxq gvwU, cÖPzi e„wócvZ Ges kxZ †gŠmy‡gi VvÛv A¨vijy‡qb‡K GKwU wek¦gv‡bi cv‡K© DbœxZ K‡i‡Q| 1929 mv‡j †R. †R. mvBgb 150 GKi

Rwgi Ic‡i ÔYALÕ (Young Australia League)-Gi Rb¨ GKwU Ônwj‡W K¨v¤úÕ ¯’vcb K‡ib, cieZx©Kv‡j GLv‡b M‡o I‡V Zuvi ¯^‡cœi D`¨vb| `xN© DcZ¨KvwUi Luvwo‡Z engvb Rjavivi Kvi‡Y GLv‡b kxZj Ges Av`ª© AvenvIqv weivRgvb, hv GKwU Av`k© D`¨vb ˆZwi‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i‡Q| mvBgb G-DcZ¨KvwUi bvgKiY K‡i‡Qb ÔAraluenÕ Ñ GKwU ÔaboriginalÕ kã Ñ hvi A_© GKvav‡i ÔR‡ji msMxZÕ, (singing waters), Ôengvb RjÕ (Running Waters) A_ev Ôwjwji RMrÕ (Place of Lilies)| †`k-we‡`k †_‡K msM„nxZ MvQcvjv GLv‡b Zv‡`i eskwe¯—vi K‡i‡Q| ÔcÖfvZ‡ejvq †njv f‡i K‡i/ Ai“Y †g‡N‡i Zz”Q/ D×Z hZ kvLvi wkL‡i/ i‡Wv‡WbWªb¸”QÕ †hgb GLv‡b Av‡Q †Zgwb Av‡Q ÔmuvIZvj †g‡qi Kv‡jv MvjÕ Av‡jv Kiv K¨v‡gwjqv| Av‡iv Av‡Q g¨vM‡bvwjqv, jvBjvK Ges wjwj| Mo‡b Ges i‡Oi ˆewP‡Î¨ Giv AmvaviY| Mvp i‡Oi ˆewP‡Î¨ m„wó n‡q‡Q GK g‡bvgy»Ki cwi‡ek| †_vKvq †_vKvq dz‡U Av‡Q wewPÎ e‡Y©i †Mvjvc| S‡i cov †Mvjv‡ci cvcwo cÖwZwU †MvjvcMv‡Qi wb‡P iPbv K‡i‡Q cy®úkh¨v| G-D`¨vbwUi †fZ‡ii wewfbœ wbg©vYKv‡R mnvqZv K‡i‡Qb g~jZ wj‡Mi m`m¨ Ges †¯^”Qv‡meKiv| ¯’cwZ wQ‡jb cv‡_©i AvwK©‡U± W.G. Bennett| AeKvVv‡gv wbg©v‡Y e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q ¯’vbxq KvV I cv_i| cv‡K© Av‡Q ÔTea RoomÕ, ÔGift ShopÕ, ÔB‡jKwUªK ¯‹zUviÕ Ges †QvÆ †Uªb, Z‡e me ai‡bi myweav †c‡Z n‡e `k©bxi wewbg‡q| Av‡Q evi-we-wKD Kivi myweav Ges Aeva Qwe †Zvjvi my‡hvM, Z‡e evwYwR¨KwfwˇZ G-myweav¸‡jv †c‡Z n‡j AbygwZi cÖ‡qvRb nq| Ab¨vb¨ cv‡K©i g‡Zv B›Uvi‡bU ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bvfv‡e †hvMv‡hvM K‡i we‡q Ges Ab¨vb¨ Abyôvb Kiv hvq| wba©vwiZ c_ Qvov †SvcSv‡o †XvKv, muvZvi KvUv wb‡la, hv Giv †g‡b P‡j| cÖ_g wek¦hy‡× wbnZ 88

93

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96

GB ai‡bi `yN©Ubvq `yR‡bi g„Zz¨ n‡j Zviv †mLvbKvi cvU PzwK‡q w`‡q cv‡_© emwZ M‡owQ‡jb, e`‡j w`‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb wbqwZ‡K| wKš‘ wbqwZ †Zv A‡gvN, †h-c‡_ gvbyl Zv‡K Gov‡Z Pvq †m-c_B Zv‡K nvZ a‡i wb‡q hvq Awbevh© cwiYwZi w`‡K| CwWcvm †P‡qwQj wbqwZwba©vwiZ cwiYvg‡K e`‡j w`‡Z wKš‘ †hc‡_ gyw³ Ly‡u RwQj †m-c_B Zv‡K wb‡q G‡mwQj w_we‡Z, Awbevh© wbqwZwba©vwiZ cwiYv‡gi w`‡K †V‡j w`‡Z| GB `¤úwZI †`k †Q‡owQ‡jb wKš‘ wbg©g wbqwZi Kv‡Q Zuviv †n‡i †M‡jb| GKgvÎ RxweZ mš—vb‡K wb‡q gwnjv WªvBf KiwQ‡jb| Zuvi mš—vb †hw`‡K e‡mwQj Ab¨ GKwU Mvwo †mw`‡K av°v w`‡j AvZw¼Z gv †mw`‡K hvIqvi mgq Ab¨ GKwU Mvwoi av°vq Gevi wZwb wbnZ n‡jb| 2004 wLªóvã| Av‡iKwU NUbv, Avwg ZLb †Mvì‡Kv‡÷, ILv‡bB †kvbv †Mj `yNU© bvi K_v| eyjv‡Wjv bv‡g GKwU RvqMvq N‡U NUbvwU| `yB †cŠÎ‡K wb‡q WªvBf KiwQ‡jb `vw`| NUbvµ‡g wekvj GKwU jwii cÖvq wb‡P Xy‡K hvq MvwowU| gwnjv †eu‡P †M‡jI †cQ‡b emv wkï`ywUi g„Z¨z nq| NUbv¯’‡j M‡o D‡V‡Q GKwU ¯§„wZ‡mŠa, wbqwgZ dzj †`Iqv nq †mLv‡b, nq‡Zv wcÖqRbivB †`b| nvBI‡q Ny‡i †M‡Q Ab¨w`‡K, GLb ¯’vbxqivB IB iv¯—vwU e¨envi K‡ib| Av‡iv GKwU `ytmsev` †Uwjwfk‡b, Av‡gwiKvq GK Zi“Y ¯‹z‡j Xy‡K wkï‡`i nZ¨v K‡i‡Q| me wUwf‡Z GKB Lei, wUwfi c`©vRy‡o KZ¸‡jv wb®úvc, cweÎ gyL Ñ cwievi-cwiR‡bi Kvbœv Ñ gb fvivµvš— n‡q DV‡Q evievi| wfmv †kl n‡Z Av‡iv wKQy mgq Av‡Q wKš‘ Avgvi gb PÂj n‡q D‡V‡Q †`‡ki Rb¨| gb ej‡Q, ÔPj wbR wb‡KZ‡b|Õ PvKwi †_‡K Aemi wb‡qwQ| †Zgb †Kv‡bv wcQyUvb †bB Zey IB wiKkvi wfo, IB †Kvjvnj †hb Rxe‡bi Mvb| hLb Lywk, †hLv‡b Lywk hvIqvi evavnxb eÜb Avgv‡K Uvb‡Q| GLv‡b mvivw`b mybmvb bxieZv, evZv‡mi, K¡wPr Mvwoi kã, mܨv n‡ZB Rbk~b¨ c_ Avi ivZ mv‡o AvUUv-bqUvi g‡a¨ Nywg‡q cov gvby‡li m‡½ Avgvi B‡”Q Nywoi g‡Zv Pjv Rxe‡bi †Kv‡bv wgj †bB| GLv‡b myL Av‡Q, ¯^w¯— Av‡Q Ñ Av‡Q ¯^v”Q›`¨ Ges wbivcËv| Zey †hb Kx‡mi Afve! †`‡k hv‡K wPwb bv, †mI †hb A‡Pbv bq| Ajm mgq Kv‡U c_-PjwZ wiKkv, Mvwo, †dwiIqvjv Avi gvbyl †`‡L| GLv‡b me Av‡Q wKš‘ g‡bi AvZ¥xqZv KB? mevi AvcwË m‡Ë¡I †`‡k †divi cÖ¯‘wZ wbjvg| †fv‡i †ei n‡Z n‡jv| wegvbe›`i `~‡i bq, iv¯—v Ggwb‡ZB duvKv _v‡K, GLb cÖvq wbR©b| †Q‡j cv‡k e‡m WªvBf Ki‡Q| Zvi gb welYœ Ñ †PvL †fRv| Kx cÖkvš— mKvj, cwi”Qbœ iv¯—v¸‡jv wewQ‡q Av‡Q, Pviw`‡K meyR| w¯cÖbKji¸‡jv (sprinkler) Pvjy n‡q †M‡Q, Nv‡mi ey‡K Ki“Yvavivi g‡Zv S‡i co‡Q cvwb, Kx A™¢yZ cÖkvš— cwi‡ek Pviw`‡K! nVvr A‡bKw`b Av‡Mi GKUv ¯§„wZ †f‡m G‡jv| AvwRgcy‡ii iv¯—v Ñ †jwWm cvK©, UjU‡j R‡ji cyKzi, wkwki‡fRv meyR Nvm, KzqvkvgvLv †fvi, Avgiv Avgv‡`i evevi m‡½ cÖvZtåg‡Y †ewi‡qwQ| nVvr K‡iB †hb evZv‡m †f‡m G‡jv wkDwj dz‡ji MÜ| g‡b n‡jv †`k Avgvi, `wi`ª †`k Ñ Zey Zzwg AvgviB| UxKv 1. evwoi †cQbw`‡Ki jb-msjMœ Mvwoeviv›`vi g‡Zv RvqMv| 2. GK-GKwU cvovi g‡Zv GjvKv (kniZwj); ¯‹zj, †Ljvi gvV, †QvU kwcsgj cÖwZwU mvev‡eB Av‡Q| 

wP Î K jv

e¯‘-3 †iwRb, 2014

e¯‘-4 †iwRb, 2014

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97

w`‡q cvi Kiv Rxebhvc‡bi Mí G-wfwWI Av‡U©i cUf~wg cÖej hš¿Yvi Awebvkx avivcvZ D‡V Av‡m ÔDBÕ wfwWI Av‡U©| wØZxq wkíKg©wU ÔZvRixbbvgvÕ ïi“ nq KzÊjx cvKv‡bv Av¸‡bi `je× n‡q cy‡o hvIqv w`‡q| G †Zv †Kv‡bv mxgvnxb Aš—M©Z AwMœKz‡Ê R¡j‡Z _vKv Av¸b cÖZ¨¶ KiwQ bv wkí I kªwg‡Ki m¯—v Nv‡gi D`&wMiY| Rwj G-Qwe‡Z cÖZx‡Ki Avkªq wb‡q‡Qb, Aven msMxZ e¨envi K‡i‡Qb gvby‡li µgvMZ wejv‡ci myi‡K| mvZ wgwbU wÎk †m‡KÛe¨vcx Av¸‡bi dzjwKi †fZ‡i cyo‡Z _v‡K gvbyl †cvkvK I myB-myZv Avi Kvc‡oi ¯—‚c| Avgiv Gfv‡e †c‡q wM‡qI wVK g‡b Ki‡Z cvwi bv ivbv c­vRvq KZRb wb‡LuvR| `y-GKwU wb‡LuvR msev` msewjZ †bvwUk nv‡Z wb‡q `uvwo‡q _vKv gvby‡li mvwi, Lv‡U weQv‡bv Pv`‡ii ey‡K †m wb‡LuvR msev` me mgqB Zvwo‡q †`q †Pv‡Li Nyg| GB mf¨Zvi me‡P‡q cÖavb msKU gbyl¨‡Z¡i msÁv wbY©q| mvnmnxb eyfy¶z GK`j gvbyl nv‡Z wUwdb K¨vwiqvi wb‡q †ewi‡q c‡o †cvkvK KviLvbvi w`‡K| w`jviv †eMg Rwj wmb‡_wUK gva¨g †iwRb Mwj‡q Avevi RgvU euvwa‡q ˆZwi K‡i‡Qb †_uZjv‡bv gvby‡li nvZ| Kv‡Pi ev‡· ew›` K‡i †i‡L‡Qb| wk‡ivbvg w`‡q‡Qb ÔAe‡R±Õ| GB †cvov †_uZjv‡bv nv‡Zi w`‡K ZvwK‡q wkíxi wÎgvwÎK Ab¨ welq¸‡jvi K_v g‡b c‡o| †ejv‡k‡l †h evmb-†Kvmb fvZ †i‡L Rxeb euvPvZ, †m-†_uZjv‡bv _vjv M‡o‡Qb Ô†iwRbÕ gva¨‡g| AwZm¤cÖwZ M‡o †Zvjv IBme e¨envh© wRwb‡mi m‡½ †i‡L‡Qb myZvi evwÛj| mwZ¨B †cvkvK ˆZwii miÄvg †mfv‡e ivbv c­vRvi evB‡i c‡o wQj| w`jviv †eMg Rwj a‡mcov ivbv c­vRvi mvg‡b wM‡q‡Qb| cÖZ¨¶ K‡i‡Qb †mB exfrm mg‡qi AvnvRvwi| wel‡qi m‡½ Abyf~wZi †hvMv‡hvM M‡o IVv wkíKg© ˆec­weK bq, N‡U hvIqv NUbvi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z ˆbwZK `vqe×Zv Zv‡K kw³kvjx K‡i †Zv‡j| kªwg‡Ki kªg-†kvlY I cyuwRi weKvk-wbf©i gvbwmKZvq M‡o IVv ejq‡K †Pv‡L AvOyj w`‡q g‡b Kivb wkíx| iƒcKagx© m„wóK‡g© G-fvlY RvwiZ nq †h, ˆelg¨‡Kw›`ªK mgvRe¨e¯’vq e¨w³Rxe‡bi ¯^vfvweK †PZbv e¨vnZ nq|

cÖwZev`-2 iÄb, 2014

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98

eqb-2 Kvwj-Kjg, 2014

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wP Î K jv

wk‡ivbvgnxb wgkÖgva¨g, 2007

wk‡ivbvgnxb-27 wgkÖgva¨g, 2007

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`v‡ivMv e‡j, m¨vi, ï‡b‡Qb? Ñ Kx? Kx ïb‡ev? Avcwb †Pv‡L †`L‡Qb bv †Nvov Nvm wQuo‡Q! Ñ m¨vi, Nv‡mi K_v Qv‡ob! †`‡ki K_v fv‡eb| Ñ Zvi gv‡b? †bqvgZDj­vn& kswKZ n‡q c‡ob| Z‡e †evanq kn‡i `v½vUv †j‡MB †M‡Q| Ks‡MÖ‡mi †bZviv wRbœvn dv‡Û UvKv †Zvjv wb‡q AvR Kw`b †_‡K †h iKg û¾Z evwa‡q w`‡q‡Q, nq‡Zv gymwjg jx‡Mi †Q‡jiv Ks‡MÖ‡mi iv‡R›`ªeveyi evwo‡Z PovI n‡q c‡o‡Q| iv‡ZB msev` †c‡qwQ‡jb †bqvgZDj­vn& †h, Gkvi bvgv‡Ri ci evRvi gmwR‡` GKUv Rgv‡qZ nq, Mig Mig e³…Zv nq, Mfxi iv‡Z D‡ËwRZ gvbylR‡bi PjvP‡ji msev`I Zuvi Kv‡b Av‡m| `v½vUv ïay jvMevi A‡c¶v! nvwKg mv‡ne `ytmsev`wU †kvbevi A‡c¶vq Aaxi n‡q ZvwK‡q _v‡Kb `v‡ivMvi w`‡K| Iw`‡K ewki Av`©vwj evs‡jvi cvnviv`vi wmcvwn‡K e‡j, †`wL‡Qv bv nvwKg mv‡qe †eRvi! Nvm Lvqv mvd Kwi‡”Q †Nvov| Dqv‡K nVvI| wmcvwnwU wbwj©ß †Pv‡L †Nvovi KvÊ `¨v‡L| Avevi †PvL wdwi‡q nvwKg mv‡ne‡KI GKcjK †`‡L †bq| nuv nuv ûRyi ¸m&mv n¨vq| ZLb †m ewki‡K e‡j, AvI, Zzg nv_ jvMvI| Ñ nvg? Ñ Av‡i W‡iv gvr, Zzg †Zv ûRyiKv LvQ Av`wg n¨vq| jvMvI nv_| cvK‡ov! †Nvov e‡j †Nvov, bvg Zvi Awk¦bx, †ivLI Zvi †Zgwb| wKš‘ nvwK‡gi Lvm Av`©vwj e‡j K_v! _vbvi mvgvb¨ wmcvwni Kv‡Q Zvi Lv‡Uv nIqv †Kv‡bv Kv‡Ri K_v bq| nuvK w`‡q †m wmcvwn‡K e‡j, Zzg †Kqv Lvov †nv‡K Zvgvkv †`‡LMv! AvI! Av`©vwj ewki‡K †`‡L †NvovwU jvw_ gvievi R‡b¨ cv ZzjwQ‡jv e‡U, wmcvwnwU Kv‡Q Avm‡ZB cv bvwg‡q †bq| wKš‘ bv‡K-gy‡L †duvm‡duvm Ki‡Z _v‡K| wbtk¦v‡mi Mig fvc G‡m Mv‡q jv‡M| wKš‘ wmcvwnwUi Kv‡Q †ivL Zvi Lv‡U bv| †fvRcywi wmcvwnwU G-†Nvov‡K fv‡jvB †P‡b| _vbvq G †Nvovi Mv `jvBgjvB K‡i †ek Rvbv‡kvbv n‡q‡Q Zvi| wmcvwn jvMvg a‡i †Nvov‡K hLb Uvb‡Z _v‡K, Avi †NvovwUI †ek Pj‡Z _v‡K, ZLb nvwK‡gi Av`©vwj ewki mvnm cvq jvMvgwU Quy‡Z| iv¯—vi gvbyl Aš—Z †`LyK, `v‡ivMvi WvKvwZqv †NvovI nvwK‡gi Av`©vwji Kv‡Q †Kgb ekxf‚Z! iv¯—vi evwZi LuywU‡Z †Nvovi jvMvg †eu‡a ivL‡Z ivL‡Z ewki e‡j, I wmcvB, †Zvgvi `v‡ivMv †h nvwK‡gi `‡ivRvq GZ dR‡i Avwm‡jv, MwZK †Zv †gvi myweavi ewjqv g‡bv‡Z bv Lvq! wmcvwn e‡j, gyS‡Kv K¨v gvjyg! cvwK¯—vb †hv ûqv, Ave Zzg Rv‡bv! eo weim Mjvq K_vUv e‡j, Mv‡j ˆLwbi `jv Gcvk †_‡K Icv‡k wb‡q, wmcvwnwU j¤^v j¤^v cv‡q ewki‡K cvk KvwU‡q eviv›`vi wb‡P e›`yK evwM‡q nvwK‡gi cvnvivq wd‡i hvq| eviv›`vq ZL‡bv mUvb Lvov gb¥_ `v‡ivMv| nvwKg Zv‡K emevi AbygwZ bv w`‡j e‡m Kx K‡i! ewki G‡m Kuv‡ai Svob w`‡q nvwK‡gi †Pqvi †S‡o †`q| †bqvgZDj­vn& e‡mb bv| Zuvi Rvbv Av‡Q †e‡Zi QvDwb †`Iqv G †Pqv‡ii gvnvZ¥¨| Qvi‡cvKvq fiv! wZwbI `uvwo‡q †_‡KB cÖkœ K‡ib, Kx e¨vcvi?

GZ †fv‡i? ZLb Zoeo K‡i D‡ËwRZ Mjvq `v‡ivMv e‡j, K¨vb! Iqv‡n` Wv³v‡ii K_v Avcbvi Kv‡b Av‡m bvB? Ñ †Kvb Wv³vi? †Kv_vKvi Wv³vi? Ñ nwilv‡ji! Ñ Kx‡mi Wv³vi? Ñ †nvgvc¨vw_i| Ñ Zvi K_v †Kb? Ñ Avi †Kb! †m wb‡R‡K ivRv wW‡K¬qvi w`‡q‡Q! cvwK¯—vb †m gv‡b bv! wPš—v K‡ib, m¨vi! GB gyn~‡Z© e¨e¯’v bv wb‡j Kx n‡Z Kx nqv hvq! †bqvgZDj­vn& †PvL mi“ K‡i gb¥_ `v‡ivMvi w`‡K ZvKvb| Zuvi g‡bi g‡a¨ GB K_vUv I‡V †h, `v‡ivMvwU wn›`y, Avi †mB

wn›`yi †Kb GZ gvqv cvwK¯—v‡bi Ici? GZUvB †h mvZmKv‡j †Nvov `vewo‡q P‡j G‡m‡Q nvwK‡gi evs‡jvq? Ñ GLb Kx ûKzg e‡jb? wKQy¶Y Pzc K‡i †_‡K †bqvgZDj­vn& e‡jb, Db¥v`! cvMj! cvM‡ji K_v Qv‡ob| kn‡ii cwiw¯’wZ e‡jb| Ñ cwiw¯’wZ kvš—, m¨vi| †bqvgZDj­vn& fz‡j hvb Qvi‡cvKvi K_v, e‡m c‡ob †Pqv‡i, m‡½ m‡½B KzU K‡i Kvgo, cvRvgvi cvZjv Kvco †V‡j G‡Kev‡i †cQ‡bi dz‡Uv eivei Qvi‡cvKvi KzU KzUzm| jvd w`‡q D‡V `uvov‡eb Kx, `v‡ivMvi mv¶v‡Z †mUv †kvfb n‡e bv, wZwb Qvi‡cvKvi Kvgo nRg K‡i hZUv m¤¢e ¯^vfvweK Mjvq e‡jb, wRbœvn dv‡Ûi K_v †Zv ï‡b‡Qb| abx-Mwie mevi GLb DwPZ wRbœvn dv‡Û Puv`v †`Iqv| cvwK¯—vb n‡jB †Zv n‡e bv, cvwK¯—vb Pvjvevi R‡b¨ miKv‡ii UvKv PvB| wn›`y¯’vb K‡e cvwK¯—v‡bi cvIbv UvKv cvwK¯—vb‡K †`‡e Zvi †Kv‡bv wVK bvB| GgZ Ae¯’vq cÖvBg wgwb÷vi bvwRgywÏb mv‡n‡ei AvnŸvb Ñ wRbœvn& dvÛ! Ñ nu¨v, m¨vi, ï‡bwQ| Ñ ï‡b‡Qb hw` Z‡e GUv †kv‡bb bvB †h UvD‡bi Ks‡MÖm †bZviv ej‡Q Kv‡q‡` AvR‡gi bv‡g Puv`v †h †Zvjv n‡”Q G-UvKv Avm‡j hv‡e gymwjg jx‡Mi bwRi wgqvi †c‡U! Ñ bv, m¨vi ïwb bvB| †bqvgZDj­vn& wei³ n‡q e‡jb, Zv ïb‡eb †Kb? †PvL eÜ K‡i _v‡Kb? †Nvov †h j‡bi Nvm †L‡q bvk Ki‡jv ZvI Avcbvi †Pv‡L co‡jv bv| Zvici Mjv b‡ivg K‡i e‡jb, hvK! UvD‡b G wb‡q `yB `‡ji g‡a¨ †PuPv‡gwP n‡q‡Q ï‡bwQ, GgbwK GKUv `v½vI †e‡a †h‡Z cv‡i Avfvm †c‡qwQ, Zvi Kx? bv, G-wel‡q †Kv‡bv K_vB Kv‡b Av‡m bvB gb¥_ `v‡ivMvi| †m AvZvš—‡i c‡o hvq| `v‡ivMv n‡q UvD‡bi GZeo GKUv Lei †m iv‡L bvB, GUv Zvi c‡¶ nRg Kiv gykwKj n‡q c‡o| †m e‡j, me kvš—, m¨vi| gy‡Li K_v gy‡LB wgjv‡q †M‡Q| ZvQvov, Avwg hZ`~i Rvwb, R‡jk¦ix‡Z wn›`y gymjgv‡b †Kv‡bv weev` KL‡bv nq bvB| weev‡`i †Kv‡bv BwZnvm bvB| _vbv‡ZI Gi †Kv‡bv wi‡cvU© bvB| wPiKv‡ji m¤cÖxwZi GjvKv †n_vq| ZLb †bqvgZDj­vn& `vk©wbK n‡q I‡Vb| e‡jb, wPiKvj! wPiKvj e‡j wKQy Av‡Q bvwK! GB †h weªwUk Ñ m~h© A¯— hvq bv Zvi mvgªv‡R¨ Ñ wPiKvj Zv‡`i ivRZ¡ e‡j Zviv g‡b Ki‡Zv! Kx n‡jv! cvwK¯—vb n‡jv †Zv! m~h© A¯— †M‡jv †Zv! g‡b ivL‡eb gb¥_evey, wPiKv‡jiI †kl Av‡Q, ZviI I‡jvU-cv‡jvU Av‡Q| R‡jk¦ix UvD‡b m¤cÖxwZ Av‡Q, fv‡jv K_v| wKš‘ bó n‡Z KZ¶Y| we‡kl K‡i Db¥v‡`i GB mg‡q! †bqvgZDj­vn&i g‡b cj‡Ki R‡b¨ GB fvebvUvI †R‡M I‡V †h, Kvw`qvwb‡`i wb‡q R‡jk¦ix‡ZB ev K‡e Kvi `ywðš—v wQ‡jv? wKš‘ nvB BkKz‡ji IB †nW †gŠjwf! †m wK GB we‡f‡`i wel gymwjg jx‡Mi ¯’vbxq †bZv‡`i Kv‡b Xv‡j bvB? nu¨v, ewki Av`©vwji Kv‡QB LeiUv wZwb cvb| ewki Av`©vwj gvÎ MZ iv‡ZB Lvbvi †Uwe‡j Lvbv cwi‡ekb Ki‡Z Ki‡Z KvPzgvPz n‡q cÖkœ K‡i, ûRyi, Avc‡b †gvQjgvb bvwK bb? mevq †h †mB K_vUv ewj‡”Q| Ñ Avi Kx ej‡Q? Ñ e‡j Avc‡b bvwK bexwR‡K Av‡Lwi bex ewjqv gv‡bb bv? Ñ Avi Kx e‡j‡Q? Ñ e‡j cvwK¯—v‡bi nvwKg hw` bex‡K Av‡Lwi bex ewjqvB bv gv‡b, Z‡e †Zv ZuvB Kv‡di| Ñ Avi Kx? Ñ Avi GB ïwb‡jvg †h Zviv Kq Kv‡d‡ii nv‡ZB hw` R‡jk¦ix Z‡e †Zv ZuvB mgq eywSqv wn›`y¯’v‡bi nv‡Z R‡jk¦ix GjvKv Zzwj w`evi cv‡i! †bqvgZDj­vn&i g‡b c‡o hvq, nuv, gymwjg jx‡Mi bwRi wgqv G‡m Ri“wi mv¶vr K‡ib Zuvi m‡½| eo D‡ËwRZ n‡q wZwb

109

Rvb‡Z Pvb, nvwKg mv‡ne, Avcwb hw` Kvw`qvwb, we‡kl Kx imyjyj­vn‡K Avcbviv Av‡Lwi bex gv‡bb bv, Gi mZ¨Zv hw` wKQy _v‡K †Zv nvgvi Kv‡Q †Mvcb bv K‡ib! Zvici bwRi wgqv GUvI e‡jb †h, cvwK¯—v‡bi d‡ib wgwb÷vi †h wb‡qvM Kiv nq ewjqv ïwbwQ, †mB Rvdi“j­vn LvbI †ev‡j Kvw`qvwb! nq wK bq? †bqvgZDj­vn&‡K ¯^xKvi Ki‡ZB nq, nuv, Rvdi“j­vn mv‡ne Kvw`qvwb| Z‡e wZwb Lye †Rv‡ii m‡½B e‡jb, Avgiv †Zv gymjgv‡bi evB‡i bB, wg÷vi bwRi! Avgiv Avcbv‡`iB g‡Zv jv Bjvnv Bj­vj­vû †gvnv¤§v`yi ivmyjyj­vn ewj| A‡bK Av‡›`vj‡bi ci, A‡bK Z¨vM ¯^xKv‡ii ci cvwK¯—vb nv‡mj Kiv †M‡Q, Avj­vni `iev‡i jv‡Lv ïKwiqv, Kv‡q‡` AvRg‡K jv‡Lv mvjvg, GLb ev‡iv NÈvI cvi nq bvB cvwK¯—v‡bi, Gi g‡a¨ G mKj K_v wb‡q Avcwb G‡m‡Qb †h Avwg cvKv gymjgvb wKbv, GUv Kx DwPZ nq? Ñ bwRi wgqv K_vUv wb‡q Avi wKQy AMÖmi n‡j, †bqvgZDj­vn& fvewQ‡jb wZwb e‡j em‡eb wKbv Ñ GB †h Kv‡q‡` AvRg †gvnv¤§` Avjx wRbœvn, wZwbI †Zv †mB A‡_© gymjgvb bb, wZwb †LvRv BmgvBwj m¤cÖ`v‡qi, Avi GB m¤cÖ`v‡qi †jv‡Kiv Avj­vni cvkvcvwk eªþv-weòz‡KI gv‡b! bv, GZUv duvm Kiv †evanq eyw×gv‡bi KvR n‡e bv| wRbœvn mv‡n‡ei bv‡g Ggb K_v ej‡j nq‡Zv Zv‡K KZj KivI diR n‡q hv‡e gymwjg jx‡Mi GB †jvKvj wjWv‡ii! nvwKg †bqvgZDj­vn& wPwš—Z n‡q e‡m _v‡Kb| Zuvi gy‡L evK¨ bvB †`‡L gb¥_ `v‡ivMv wm×vš— K‡i, Iqv‡n` Wv³v‡ii wei“‡× Kx e¨e¯’v †bIqv †h‡Z cv‡i GLb †mUvB wZwb fve‡Qb| Aaxi n‡q `v‡ivMv GKmgq e‡j I‡V, Z‡e wK †dvm© wb‡q nwilvj iIbv n‡q hv‡ev? Avcbvi ûKz‡gi A‡c¶vq AvwQ| †bqvgZDj­vn& fz‡jB wM‡qwQ‡jb Iqv‡n` Wv³v‡ii K_v| wZwb Wz‡e wQ‡jb Kvw`qvwb wb‡q `yf©vebvq, Avi gywk©`vev‡` †d‡j Avmv Zuvi ¯¿x-mš—vb‡`i wPš—vq| †evanq wZwb fv‡jvB K‡i‡Qb I‡`i ILv‡b †i‡L G‡m| we`y¨”Pg‡Ki g‡Zv PwK‡Z Ggb K_vI Zvi g‡b †L‡j hvq †h, gywk©`vev‡`B wZwb wd‡i hv‡eb wKbv, Avi †mLv‡b wM‡q cvwK¯—v‡b bq wn›`y¯’v‡bB †_‡K hvevi Ackb wZwb MÖnY Ki‡eb wKbv| nuv, Ggb Lei Zuvi Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q‡Q †h, m`¨ ¯^vaxb cvwK¯—vb Avi wn›`y¯’v‡b †h †hLv‡b weªwUk Avg‡ji PvKwiiZ, wK wn›`y wK gymjgvb, Zv‡`i my‡hvM †`Iqv n‡e `yB †`‡ki g‡a¨ GKwU †`k‡K †e‡Q †bevi| gymjgvb e‡jB †h cvwK¯—v‡b _vK‡Z n‡e Avi wn›`y e‡jB †h wn›`y¯’v‡b, Zvi †Kv‡bv eva¨evaKZv bvB| ¯^vaxb †`k, ¯^vaxb B”Qv, ¯^vaxb wm×vš—| wKš‘ †bqvgZDj­vn& Rv‡bb ¯^vaxb wm×vš—I ¯^vaxb wVK bq, ev¯—eZvi kZ© mv‡c‡¶B wm×vš—, Avi ev¯—eZv n‡”Q Kv‡q‡` AvRg wRbœvn a‡g©i bv‡g †`kfvM Kwi‡q‡Qb weªwUk‡K w`‡q Ñ G †¶‡Î wZwb gymjgvb n‡q cvwK¯—v‡bi R‡jk¦ix‡Z Kg©iZ †_‡K wn›`y¯’v‡b hvevi Ackb w`‡j e¨vcviUv wK jÊfÊ n‡q hvq bv| wek¦vm Kx Ñ wn›`y¯’v‡bi Ackb wb‡q wn›`y¯’v‡b †M‡j hw` †mLvbKvi wn›`yiv Zuv‡K g‡b K‡i †h, Avm‡j Zzwg ¸ßPi, ZvB gymjgvb n‡qI Zzwg wn›`y¯’v‡b PvKwi Ki‡Z G‡m‡Qv! m¨vi! gb¥_ `v‡ivMvi Wv‡K PgK fv‡O †bqvgZDj­vn&i| Ñ m¨vi, Avcbvi ûKz‡gi R‡b¨ e‡m AvwQ| cvwK¯—v‡bi eqm GL‡bv gvmI †cv‡i bvB, Gi g‡a¨ GKRb ¯^vaxb wW‡K¬qvi hw` †`q, hw` GKUv GjvKv Zvi wb‡Ri ivR¨ ewjqv †NvlYv †`q, Z‡e Avi kvmb †Kv_vq _v‡K? KivwP‡Z Lei †cuŠQvB‡j †Zv m‡eŸvbvk! KivwPi bv‡g ûuk nq †bqvgZDj­vn&i| nuvi, KivwP|

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gš¿cyZ Pvj, bvP-Mv‡bi Drme, g„Zz¨ Abyôvb, LvIqvi Av‡M gyiwM ewj, cweÎ c~Rv¯’v‡b c~Rv, WvBwb wek¦vm, fzZz‡o wek¦vm, MuvIey‡ovi Kv‡Q dj cvb †KvqvB wb‡q civgk©, gnvRwb †kvlY, emš— mgvM‡g bv‡Pi Drme| eskgh©v`v i¶v G-A‡j ¸i“Z¡ cvq h‡_ó| Avm‡j †jwLKvi AwfcÖvq Lvwm‡`i wb‡Ri †kKo †Pbvi AvMÖ‡ni w`‡K ¸i“Z¡ `vb| (c„ 63) c‡i †gNvj‡qi Rb¥m~‡Î †jwLKv e‡jb, ÔwcwQ‡q cov gvbyl LyuR‡Z _v‡K Zv‡`i Aw¯—‡Z¡i wkKo| AvZ¥vwfgvb ¯^vwaKvi †eva cÖKU n‡q I‡V|Õ (c„ 203) Av‡iK RvqMvq Av‡Q Aćbi gy‡L Ñ Ô†Q‡j‡`i g‡a¨ ivR‰bwZK †PZbv A‡bK †e‡o‡Q|Õ (c„ 239) A‡bK¸‡jv wkjs‡Quvqv MÖv‡gi bvg Av‡Q| ZvQvov Av‡Q KZ iK‡gi we‡klYhy³ b`x, bvbv bv‡gi cvnvo, bvbv bv‡gi dzj, KL‡bv hv †mŠ›`h©ea©K, KL‡bv Ab¨ Kv‡R e¨eüZ Ñ G¸‡jv mgvRev¯—eZvi Aven wbg©v‡Y Kv‡R †j‡M‡Q| mgvR cwieZ©‡bi K_v Av‡Q Qwo‡q-wQwU‡q| wLªóvb wek¦v‡m, ¯^ímsL¨‡Ki g‡a¨ eªvþwek¦v‡m, mgZ‡ji gvby‡li wfbœ i“wPi cÖfv‡e, Bs‡iwR ms¯‹v‡ii cÖfve, wkívq‡bi cÖfv‡e (†hgb Ñ b`x †eu‡a nvB‡Wªj cÖ‡R±) mgvR e`jv‡”Q| Av‡iKUv e¨vcvi| Lvwm mgv‡R Av‡M †h Rxeb‡eva, g~j¨‡eva wQj Zv e`j n‡”Q| ÔUvKv w`‡q AvRKvj mewKQy †Kbv hvq| GgbwK †bZv‡`iI †Kbv hvq|Õ (c„ 165) Gi cv‡k cv‡kB cvB cj †ivem‡bi Old Man River, †K›UvwK †nv‡gi Mvb, gvI‡qi ivRbxwZi K_v| †KD †KD cyi‡bv Kzms¯‹vi †f‡O Lvwm‡`i AvZ¥i¶vq cÖ¯‘Z K‡i| Av‡iK RvqMvq B¯‹U e‡j cyi‡bv LvwmixwZ ax‡i ax‡i cvjUv‡”Q, mgv‡R Avm‡Q mvgš—ev` (c„ 219)| mgvRev¯—eZvi Ab¨w`‡Ki cÖm½vq‡b †jwLKv AZ¨š— m‡PZb| c„ 26-27-G Av‡Q wjs‡Wv evwo‡Z wbe©vPbx mfv, gvby‡li Rgv‡qZ hv Avfvjuv‡ki g‡Zv| Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q Gj kn‡i †`ke¨vcx Db¥v`bvi K_v| 1952 mv‡ji 27 Ryb Lvwm, Rqwš—qv, Mv‡iv cvnv‡o Rb¥ wbj †Rjv cwil` msweav‡bi lô Zdwm‡ji AvIZvq| Amwgqv fvlv‡K †Rvi K‡i Gme cvnvwo A‡j Pvwc‡q †`Iqvi †Póv Pj‡Q, cÖwZev`I aŸwbZ n‡”Q| †bZviv e‡j, Lvwm cvnv‡o cuwPkUv †`kxq iv‡R¨i K_v, Bs‡iwR fvlv †kLvi AvMÖ‡ni K_v| PZz_© Aa¨vq ïi“ nq jvMvZvi Rgv‡qZ, wgwUs-wgwQj, c`hvÎvi K_vq| wb‡R‡`i miKvi Movi `vwei K_v| GLv‡b †KŠkj K‡i †jwLKv Lvwm RvwZi D™¢emsµvš— wg_wU cvmvb gvidZ e‡j †bb| cÂg Aa¨v‡q Avm‡Q †bZv wd‡Rvi K_v, whwb cvnvwo RvwZi ¯^KxqZv wb‡q K_v e‡jb †ifv‡i‡Ûi m‡½, Zvi K_v †_‡K msweavb ˆZwii mgq †_‡K BwZe„Ë, ¯^vaxb bvMvj¨v‡Ûi Rb¨ MYZvwš¿K Av‡›`vjb, 1951-†Z bvMv MÖv‡g fviZxq †mbvevwnbxi Suvwc‡q cov, c~e© cvwK¯—v‡bi A_©bxwZ, ivRbxwZ, †gNvj‡qi mvZN‡ii gvbyl‡K mw¤§wjZ Kivi Rb¨ wd‡Rvi ¯^cœ cÖfw„ Z Av‡Q| c‡ii Aa¨v‡q 1861 †_‡K 1863-i ivR‰bwZK Av‡›`vj‡bi K_v| egx© ivRviv evievi Amg AvµgY K‡i‡Q, gvbyl cvwj‡q‡Q bvbv A‡j| wZiZ ivRvi ivR‰bwZK msMÖv‡gi K_v cvB ivcjvs‡qi gy‡L| Mí wcwQ‡q hvq 1832-G| GLv‡b j¶Yxq, †jwLKv GB A‡ji ivR‰bwZK BwZe„ˇK ej‡Qb †Kv‡bv GKRb b¨v‡iU‡ii gvidZ bq; eis bvbvRb ej‡Q, d‡j ewY©Z welq cv‡”Q bvbvb ¯^v`, Zvi m‡½ Aa¨vq¸wj‡Z Ab¨ cÖm½ _vKvq ¯^v`evnx n‡q D‡V‡Q cvV‡Ki Kv‡Q| GB Kvi“‡KŠkj-†PZbv cÖksmbxq| eW©v‡ii †jvK‡`i bvbv e¨emv, Nyl, wecbœZv, e¨w³MZ Rxe‡bi K_v Av‡Q c„ 143-G| c„ 160-G cvVK Rvb‡Z cv‡ib bMivq‡Y gvby‡li DØv¯‘ nIqvi K_v| Øv`k Aa¨vq ïi“ nq Bw›`iv MvÜxi nv‡Z †gNvjq D‡Øva‡bi K_vq| 1972 mv‡ji 21 Rvbyqvwii GB Abyôv‡bi m~‡Î e‡j †bb bvbv auv‡Pi †bZvi g‡Â Dc‡ek‡bi K_v, gyL¨gš¿x K¨v‡Þb mvsgvi K_v| GLv‡b cvB msweav‡bi lô Zdwmj ev¯—evq‡bi iƒcKvi evOvwj AvBbwekvi` bx‡i›`ª †gvnb

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