Shilpa O Shilpi Vol 7 Issue 1 December 2017

2012 mv‡j IqvwksU‡b †jL‡Ki evwo‡Z evg w`K †_‡K KvBqyg †PŠayix, wkíx Zv‡niv †PŠayix, KvBqyg †PŠayixi k¨vwjKv †Rey‡bœmv ingvb I ˆmq` wRqvDi ingvb

Av‡gwiKvq KvBqyg †PŠayix ˆmq` wRqvDi ingvb

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ke¨vcx cvwjZ n‡”Q e‡iY¨ wPÎwkíx KvBqyg †PŠayixi Z…Zxq g„Zz¨evwl©Kx| Avgv‡`i wcÖq KvBqyg fvB GB bk¦i c„w_ex †Q‡o P‡j †M‡Qb 2014 mv‡ji 30 b‡f¤^i| wKš‘ Zuvi cwievi-cwiR‡bi Kv‡Q GL‡bv wZwb †eu‡P Av‡Qb Ges Avgiv Zuv‡K cÖwZwbqZB Kv‡Q cvB Zuvi Awe¯§iYxq me ¯§„wZ‡Z| Ggwb GK ¯§„wZ Zuvi Av‡gwiKvq Avmvi| Avgv‡`i GKgvÎ mšÍvb Avwmd Rb¥jMœ †_‡KB KvBqyg fvB‡qi Acvi †mœn-fv‡jvevmvq wm³| wZwb Zuv‡K GZUvB fv‡jvevm‡Zb †h, 1976 mv‡j Avgv‡`i IqvwksU‡b Avmvi Av‡M ch©šÍ cÖvq cÖwZw`bB nq wZwb kvwšÍbM‡i Avm‡Zb Avgv‡`i

evwo‡Z, Avi bv nq Avgv‡`i †h‡Z n‡Zv Avwmd‡K wb‡q AvwRgcy‡i Zuvi Kv‡Q| Avgiv Av‡gwiKvq Avmvi ci wZwb †ek wKQy Qov wjL‡jb Avwmd‡K wb‡q Ges †m¸‡jv eB AvKv‡i cÖKvk Ki‡jb evsjv GKv‡Wwg †_‡K| wkï g‡bvićbi Ac~e© †mB Qovi eB| Zvici w`b-ivZ †L‡ULy‡U Qwe AuvK‡jb †ek wKQy Ges †mme Qwe wewµi cqmvq wUwKU †K‡U Av‡gwiKvq G‡jb KvBqyg fvB Avi Zuvi cZœx| Avgvi ¯¿xi eo †evb, wkíx Zv‡niv †PŠayix Avwmd‡K †`Lvi Rb¨| KvBqyg fvB Av‡gwiKvq wQ‡jb Pvi gv‡mi g‡Zv Ges G mgqUv Avgv‡`i †K‡U‡Q GK Abb¨ Avb›`Nb cwi‡e‡k| Avgv‡`i ZLb g‡b n‡Zv Avgiv XvKvqB AvwQ!

2008 mv‡j KvBqyg `¤úwZ IqvwksU‡b K¨vwcUj fe‡bi mvg‡b

IqvwksU‡b cÖ_g K‡qK mßvn †K‡U‡Q KvBqyg fvB‡K wb‡q bvbv `k©bxq ¯’vb cwi`k©‡b| IqvwksUb Av‡gwiKvi ivRavbx QvovI GLv‡b Av‡Q G‡`‡ki `y‡kv eQ‡iiI †ewk ¯^vaxbZvi BwZnv‡mi bvbv wb`k©b| Avgvi Kv‡Q we¯§qKi g‡b n‡q‡Q Ñ Gme wb`k©‡bi cÖvq cÖwZwUiB BwZnvm KvBqyg fvB‡qi Rvbv| Zvici Zuv‡K wb‡q †MwQ IqvwksU‡bi me weL¨vZ wgDwRqvg †`L‡Z| Rb w¯§_mb bv‡g GKRb Bs‡iR `vbex‡ii †`Iqv A‡_© IqvwksU‡b M‡o D‡V‡Q cÖvq PwjøkwU wgDwRqvg| Gme wgDwRqvg cwiPvjbvi `vwqZ¡ †`Iqv n‡q‡Q w¯§_‡mvwbqvb Bbw÷wUDkb bv‡g GKwU cÖwZôv‡bi Ici| cwðwg `ywbqvi GKgvÎ GLv‡bB wgDwRqv‡gi Rb¨ †Kv‡bv cÖ‡ek g~j¨ w`‡Z nq bv `k©bv_x©‡`i| G¸‡jvi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q wkíKjvi wekvj me wgDwRqvg : b¨vkbvj M¨vjvwi Ae AvU©, gWvb© †cBw›Us wgDwRqvg, m¨vKjvi M¨vjvwi, nvk©nb© M¨vjvwi Ae AvU©m, ¯‹víPvi Mv‡W©b, †cv‡UªU© M¨vjvwi, Av‡gwiKvb AvU© wgDwRqvg, Av‡gwiKvb wnw÷ª wgDwRqvg, b¨vPvivj wnw÷ª wgDwRqvg, AvK©vBfm Ae Av‡gwiKvb AvU©m, AvU©m A¨vÛ BÛvw÷ªR wewìs, wd«qvi M¨vjvwi Ae AvU©, †ibDBK M¨vjvwi, Avwd«Kvb-Av‡gwiKvb wgDwRqvg Ges Ab¨ Av‡iv A‡bK wgDwRqvg| GQvov Av‡Q †iW BwÛqvb‡`i BwÛqvb-Av‡gwiKvb wgDwRqvg, msev`cÎ I msev` ms¯’vi wgDwRqvg ÔwbDwRqvmÕ Ges wekvj evB‡ej wgDwRqvg| gvÎ Pvi gv‡m G¸‡jvi me †`Lv m¤¢e bq| Zey KvBqyg fvB hZUv †c‡i‡Qb †`‡L‡Qb| b¨vkbvj M¨vjvwi Ae AvU© wgDwRqv‡g KvBqyg fvB‡K wb‡q †MwQ cÖvq cÖwZw`b| wekvj GB wgDwRqv‡g Av‡Q wek¦weL¨vZ me wkíxi g‡a¨ Ñ wjIbv‡`©v `¨ wfwÂ, gvB‡K‡j‡Ä‡jv, wfb‡m›U f¨vb MN, †MvBqv, †i‡bvquv, †igeªv›U, gvwZm, K¬` g‡b, cve‡jv wcKv‡mv, R¨vKmb †cv‡jvK, mvjfv`i `vwj, w`‡q‡Mv wi‡fiv, A¨vwÛ Iqvinj, big¨vb iKI‡qj cÖg‡y Li wkíKg©| Gi cÖvq cÖwZwUi mvg‡b K‡qK NÈv a‡i Ges †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv mgq cÖvq mvivw`b `uvwo‡q †`‡L‡Qb KvBqyg fvB we¯§‡qi `„wó wb‡q| Zvi g‡a¨ Zuvi GKwU wPÎKg© †`Lvi NUbv Av‡Rv Avgvi `„wóc‡U ¯úó| wgDwRqv‡gi GKwU K‡ÿ wQj Ebwesk kZ‡Ki Bg‡cÖkwbRg Av‡›`vj‡bi Ab¨Zg cw_K…r divwm wkíx K¬` g‡bi Qwe| Zuvi GKwU weL¨vZ wkíKg© †`LwQ‡jb KvBqyg fvB `xN© mgq a‡i `uvwo‡q| Avwg Zuvi m‡½ cuvP wgwb‡Ui †ewk `uvov‡Z cvwiwb, cv‡k GKwU j¤^v Uz‡j e‡m c‡owQjvg| nVvr KvBqyg fvB Av‡eMvcøZ y K‡É Avgv‡K WvK‡jb Ñ ej‡jb, ÔAvgv‡K GKUz a‡iv, Avgvi mviv kixi Kuvc‡Q|Õ Av‡iv ej‡jb, ÔAvwg fve‡Z cvwiwb g‡bi AuvKv GB AwiwRbvj †cBw›Us‡qi mvg‡b `uvove|Õ Avwg Zuv‡K a‡i †`Ljvg, mwZ¨ mwZ¨ Zuvi kixi Kuvc‡Q| wZwb wkíxi AšÍ`w„© ó w`‡q Ae‡jvKb KiwQ‡jb wkíKjvi BwZnv‡mi †kÖô GK wkíx K¬` g‡bi Abb¨ GK wkíKg©| IqvwksU‡b Mí-AvÇvi duv‡K duv‡K †ek wKQy Qwe Gu‡K‡Qb KvBqyg fvB| Zvici †mme Qwei GKwU cÖ`k©bx Kiv n‡q‡Q NUv K‡i Ges Zv‡Z `k©K mgvMg N‡U‡Q cÖPiz | GQvov

IqvwksU‡b evsjv‡`k mwgwZ GKwU AvbyôvwbK msea©bvq m¤§vwbZ K‡i‡Q Zuv‡K| Gme wb‡q KvBqyg fvB‡qi GKwU wek` mvÿvrKvi cÖPvi K‡iwQ f‡qm Ae Av‡gwiKvi Abyôv‡b| KvBqyg fvB c‡i IqvwksUb †_‡K †cbwmjfvwbqv iv‡R¨i HwZnvwmK wdjv‡Wjwdqv kn‡i †M‡Qb Av‡gwiKvi ¯^vaxbZvi Abb¨ me wb`k©b †`L‡Z| †mLv‡b we‡kl Drmvn wb‡q †`‡L‡Qb wekvj ÔwjevwU© †ejÕ Ñ ¯^vaxbZvi NÈv, Avi BbwW‡cb‡WÝ nj| GB BbwW‡cb‡WÝ n‡j RR© IqvwksU‡bi †bZ…‡Z¡ M„nxZ n‡q‡Q Av‡gwiKvi ¯^vaxbZvi †NvlYvcÎ Ges c‡i Av‡gwiKvi msweavb| KvBqyg fvB wØZxqevi m¯¿xK Av‡gwiKvq Av‡mb 2008 mv‡j Ñ evsjv‡`‡ki †ek K‡qKRb wkíxi m‡½ KvbvWvi Ui‡›Uv Avi Av‡gwiKvi wbDBqK© kn‡i Zuv‡`i wPÎcÖ`k©bx Dcj‡ÿ| cÖ`k©bx †kl K‡i KvBqyg `¤úwZ Av‡mb IqvwksU‡b| †m mgq Zuviv Avgv‡`i m‡½ wQ‡jb gvmLv‡bK| IqvwksUb †_‡K c‡i Zuviv wM‡qwQ‡jb cwðg DcK‚‡j K¨vwj‡dvwb©qv iv‡R¨i mvb d«vwÝm‡Kv kn‡i KvBqyg fvB‡qi eo fvB‡qi †Q‡j mvC‡`i m‡½ wKQy mgq KvUv‡Z| mvb d«vwÝm‡Kv Zuvi Lye fv‡jv †j‡MwQj| GQvov Zuviv jm A¨v‡Ä‡j‡mI wM‡qwQ‡jb| c‡i KvBqyg `¤úwZ †cbwmjfvwbqvi wcUmev‡M© wM‡qwQ‡jb Zuv‡`i †Q‡ji Kv‡Q| †Q‡j Rv‡ei ZLb wcGBPwW KiwQj †mLv‡b| KvBqyg fvB Avi †LvKb Avcv (KvBqygcZœx wkíx Zv‡niv †PŠayix) Z…Zxqevi Av‡mb IqvwksU‡b 2012 mv‡j| ZL‡bv Zuviv G‡mwQ‡jb evsjv‡`‡ki wewkó wkíx‡`i wPÎcÖ`k©bx Dcj‡ÿ| Zuv‡`i wb‡q G‡mwQ‡jb †e½j dvD‡Ûk‡bi cwiPvjK wkíx myexi †PŠayix| Avi m‡½ wQ‡jb KvBqyg fvB‡qi †Q‡j Rv‡e‡ii k¦ïi-kvïwo mvsevw`K-Kwe Aveyj †gv‡gb I msMxZwkíx kxjv †gv‡gb| IqvwksU‡b Avgv‡`i evwo‡Z ZLb GB cuvPRb AwZw_ wb‡q Avb›`gyLi RgRgvU mgq! gvSLv‡b myexi †PŠayix Avi KvBqyg fvB‡K wb‡q wM‡qwQjvg IqvwksU‡bi DcK‡É †gwij¨vÛ iv‡R¨i iKwf‡j Avgv‡`i evwoi Kv‡Qi cÖL¨vZ wkíKjv feb ÷ª¨v_‡gvi nvD‡m| Av‡gwiKvb A‡civ I D”Pv½ msMxZvbyôvb Ges wPÎcÖ`k©bxi Rb¨ GB ¯’vb mycwiwPZ| myexi †P‡qwQ‡jb c‡ii eQi GLv‡b evsjv‡`wk wkíx‡`i GKwU cÖ`k©bx Abyôv‡bi| G wb‡q Avgiv †mLvbKvi Kg©KZ©v‡`i m‡½ K_vI e‡jwQ| wKš‘ Zv Avi m¤¢e n‡jv bv A`„‡ói Kvi‡Y| c‡ii eQi Avwg XvKvq wM‡qwQjvg †eov‡Z| IqvwksU‡bi D‡Ï‡k XvKv †Q‡o Avmvi Av‡Mi w`b myexi Avi mvwnZ¨ cwÎKv Kvwj I Kjg m¤úv`K Aveyj nvmbvZ KvBqyg fvB Avi Avgv‡K Avc¨vqb K‡iwQ‡jb XvKv K¬v‡e ˆbk‡fv‡R| †m mgq myexi‡K e‡jwQjvg Ñ ÔAvm‡Qb †Zv AvMvgx eQi IqvwksU‡b wPÎcÖ`k©bx Ki‡Z?Õ myexi wKQy ejvi Av‡M Zuvi cÿ †_‡K KvBqyg fvB †Rvi w`‡q e‡jwQ‡jb Ñ Ômyexi †Zv hv‡eB, AvwgI hve|Õ weavZvi Kx weavb Ñ IB eQiB myexi P‡j †M‡jb Ges Zvi c‡i c‡iB 30 b‡f¤^i P‡j †M‡jb KvBqyg fvBI bv-†divi †`‡k!

KvBqyg fvB‡K wb‡q nvwm-Avb›`, myL-`ytL, welv`-†e`bvi Gme ¯§„wZ wPi fv¯^i Avgv‡`i, Zuvi cwievi-cwiR‡bi ü`‡q| cÖwZwbqZB| †Kej Zuvi cÖqvY w`e‡m bq| n

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mva©kZe‡l© wkíx MM‡b›`ªbv_ VvKzi g„Yvj †Nvl

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weÁvc‡bi RM‡Z| GB weÁvcb¸‡jv Av‡iv †ewk K‡i cÖWv‡±i m‡½ mvaviY gvby‡li †hvM ¯’vcb KiwQj| wZb 1990 mv‡ji 13 A‡±vei Avb›`evRvi cÖKvkb †_‡K cÖKvwkZ nq Avb›`‡jvK| GB msL¨vwUi ZrKvjxb g~j¨ wQj AvU UvKv| GB cwÎKvi 14 b¤^i cvZvq cÖKvwkZ nq wjwij mvev‡bi weÁvcb| weÁvc‡bi gyL wn‡m‡e e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q GKwU SKS‡K D¾¡j †g‡q‡K| †g‡qwUi gyL †_‡K Mjv Awã †`Lv hv‡”Q| wKš‘ †`‡LB †evSv hv‡”Q †g‡qwUi Mv‡q †Kv‡bv †cvkvK †bB| Avi cv jvBb wn‡m‡e ejv n‡q‡Q, Ô†jeyi Pbg‡b m‡ZRZvq fiv mvevbÕ| †jey mvaviY fviZxq †g‡q‡`i Rxe‡b GKUv AwZ cwiwPZ e¯‘| M„nK‡g© Gi bvbv e¨envi i‡q‡Q| GiKg GKwU †Pbv wRwbm A‡Pbv †mŠ›`‡h© †cÖ‡R›U Kij wjwij †Kv¤úvwb| A_©vr Zv‡`i gyL¨ `vwe wQj, GB mvevbwU gvL‡j ZzwgI IB †g‡qwUi g‡Zv my›`ix n‡q DV‡e| Avi mvev‡bi e¨env‡iI †Kv‡bv mgm¨v †bB| KviY GUv ˆZwi n‡q‡Q †Zvgv‡`i †PbvRvbv cwi‡e‡ki m¤ú` wb‡q| GB msL¨viB 18 b¤^i cvZvq i‡q‡Q Kgcøv‡bi weÁvcb| Avi GB weÁvc‡bi K¨vP jvBbwU n‡jv, ÔLvIqvi e¨vcv‡i Ggb wLUwLU Ki‡j Ii evoevošÍ n‡e Kx K‡i?Õ Avi †jLv wQj ÔKgcøvb, mycwiKwíZ m¤ú~Y© AvnviÕ| fviZxqiv eiveiB BD‡ivcxq‡`i †P‡q Lv‡Uv| kvixwiKfv‡e `ye©j| Avi fvi‡Zi RvZxqZvev`x †bZviv †mB wek kZ‡Ki cÖ_g ce© †_‡K fviZxq‡`i kvixwiKfv‡e mej K‡i Zzj‡Z PvBwQj| Abykxjb mwgwZi g‡Zv bvbv ¸ß mwgwZ‡Z kixiPP©v ZvB †`k‡cÖ‡gi GKUv cÖavb A½ n‡q `uvwo‡qwQj| kixiPP©v Ki‡j bv nq cv‡jvqv‡bi g‡Zv kixi cvIqv hv‡e, wKš‘ D”PZv e„w× n‡e Kxfv‡e? fviZxq‡`i `xN©w`‡bi GB AcÖvwßUvB †hb m¤ú~Y©fv‡e c~iY K‡i w`‡jv Kgcøvb| Kgcøvb Zv‡`i Kv‡Q GKwU Lvevi wn‡m‡e D‡V G‡jv| GB †h Kgcøvb †Kv‡bv Ilya bq eis GKwU m¤ú~Y© Lvevi Ñ GB †g‡mRUv mvaviY fviZxqi Kv‡Q Gi RbwcÖqZv e„wׇZ fxlYfv‡e mvnvh¨ K‡iwQj| mvaviY gvby‡li GKUv fq _v‡K †h, Ily‡ai mvBW G‡d± _vK‡Z cv‡i, wKš‘ GKUv Lvev‡ii †¶‡Î †mB mgm¨vUv _v‡K bv| 44 b¤^i cvZvq cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q †m‡ij¨v‡Ki weÁvcb| weÁvc‡b cv jvBb wn‡m‡e ejv n‡q‡Q Ñ Ôg‡b ivL‡eb, cywóMZ w`K †_‡K mymg Avnvi bv †c‡j Avcbvi ev”Pvi †`‡n wfUvwgb I LwbR Dcv`v‡bi Afve †_‡K †h‡Z cv‡i|Õ Zvici GKUz wb‡Pi w`‡K Avevi †jLv n‡q‡Q, ÔZvB †Zv, Avwg Avgvi ev”Pv‡K w`B †m‡ij¨vKÕ weÁvc‡bi g‡Wj wn‡m‡e GKwU SKS‡K my›`ix gwnjv Ges Zvi mšÍvb wn‡m‡e GKwU WvMi WMi wkï‡K e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ GB †mŠ›`‡h©i Avov‡j

GKUv f‡qi evZveiYI †Mvc‡b ˆZwi K‡i‡Q weÁvcbwU| AšÍZ †mB fq †_‡KB †m‡ij¨vK wKb‡e mvaviY gvbyl| weÁv‡bi GB D¾¡j Avwe®‹v‡ii m‡½ GKUv c‡iv¶ kvmvwbI †`Iqv n‡q‡Q †Kv_vI †h, hw` GB cÖWv±wU Avcwb Avcbvi ev”Pvi Rb¨ bv †K‡bb, Zvn‡j Zvi kix‡ii c~Y© weKvk NU‡e bv| GB fqUvB †bm‡ji †m‡ij¨vK‡K RbwcÖq K‡i †Zv‡j| 84 b¤^i cvZvq i‡q‡Q †fj‡fU k¨v¤úyi weÁvcb| GB weÁvc‡b cv jvBb wn‡m‡e ejv n‡q‡Q Ñ ÔPz‡ji †kvfv KZ, `vgI g‡bi g‡ZvÕ| GKwU ZiæYx g‡W‡ji SKS‡K Pzj †`Lv hvq weÁvc‡b| GB †h weÁvcbwU‡Z ¯úó K‡i ejv n‡q‡Q, Ô`vg g‡bi g‡ZvÕ| GUvB GB cÖWv± wewµi †gvÏv K_v| ga¨we‡Ëi nv‡Zi bvMv‡ji g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q Gi `vg| mvaviY ga¨we‡Ëi Avw_©K ¶gZv m¤ú‡K© fxlYfv‡e m‡PZb wQj cÖWv± †Kv¤úvwb¸‡jv| 1993 mv‡ji 6 wW‡m¤^i cÖKvwkZ Av‡iKwU Avb›`‡jv‡Ki 22 b¤^i cvZvq cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q IwbWv Iqvwks †gwk‡bi weÁvcb| IwbWv †Kv‡bv ivLXvK bv K‡iB e‡j‡Q ÔAe‡k‡l G‡m †Mj bvixgyw³i weR‡qvrme cvj‡bi w`bÕ| IwbWv fviZxq‡`i eywS‡q w`‡jv GB cÖWv±wU wKb‡j Avcwb bvixgyw³ Av‡›`vj‡b GKRb kwiK n‡Z cvi‡eb| bvixi Ag~j¨ mgq euvP‡e GB cÖWv±wUi Rb¨| †mw`‡bi MocoZv mvaviY fviZxq †g‡q‡`i Kv‡Q GB weÁvcbwU GKwU cÖwZev‡`i Av‡jv wb‡q Av‡m| Z‡e Av‡iv gvivZ¥K wQj GB weÁvc‡bi QwewU| cÖvq A‡a©K Kvc‡o GK gwnjv g‡Wj `uvwo‡q Av‡Q †gwkbwUi Kv‡Q| A_©vr Kvco KvPvUvI GKUv d¨vkb A½ n‡q I‡V| Kvco KvPvi g‡Zv GKUv cwikÖgx KvR GB Iqvwks †gwk‡bi †`Šj‡Z GKwU †kŠwLb Avb‡›` cwiYZ nq| GB msL¨viB 71 b¤^i cvZvq i‡q‡Q wbwfqv w¯‹b wWD g‡qðvivBRv‡ii weÁvcb| GB weÁvc‡bi cv jvBbwU fxlY B›Uv‡iw÷s| Ôme©mªóv hLb m„wó Ki‡jb wcÖwU Dg¨vb...ZLb Zv‡K Agøvb D¾¡j ivLvi Rb¨ GK Awfbe Dcv`v‡bi D™¢veb Ki‡jb| Avi Awek¦vm¨ n‡jI GUv mZ¨| wbwfqv‡Z i‡q‡Q †mB dg©yjvi Z_¨|Õ weÁv‡bi GB D¾¡j Avwe®‹v‡ii m‡½ †hvM K‡i †`Iqv n‡jv ag©‡K, Av‡iv mivmwi ej‡j, fMevb‡K| GiKg evwYwR¨K eyw× Lye Kg cÖWv± †Kv¤úvwbB †`wL‡qwQj †evanq| GLb, Ck¦i‡K Avi P¨v‡jÄ Ki‡e †K? eis GB weÁvcb wecyj cwigv‡Y RbwcÖq K‡i †Zv‡j GB cÖWv±‡K| Ck¦‡ii B”Qv‡Z †h e¯‘ ˆZwi n‡q‡Q, Zv gvL‡j †h wcÖwU Dg¨vb n‡q DV‡Z †Kv‡bv evav-wecwËB mvg‡b Avm‡e bv Ñ G wel‡q cÖvq GKgZ wQj cÖ‡Z¨K fviZxq hyeZx| weÁvc‡b GKwU AwZ my›`ix ¯^íembv Kb¨v‡K g‡Wj wn‡m‡e e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q| ïay Avb›`‡jvK bq, †QvU‡`i cwÎKv Avb›`‡gjv‡ZI †`Lv †Mj Ggb weÁvc‡bi evovevwo| RyjvB 1992 mv‡j cÖKvwkZ GKwU Avb›`‡gjvi

G‡Kev‡i †kl cvZvq i‡q‡Q, j¨vK‡UvK¨v‡jvgvB‡bi weÁvcb| cv jvBb wn‡m‡e ejv n‡q‡Q, Ôa‡i iv‡L my›`i `xwßgq iƒc, w`‡bi ci w`b, eQ‡ii ci eQiÕ| GB evK¨wUi g‡a¨ GKwU Am¤¢e †m·yqvj AvKl©Y i‡q‡Q| †hŠeb I iƒc a‡i ivLvi g‡a¨ GKUv Am¤¢e †jvf I jvjmvi c„w_ex jywK‡q Av‡Q| weÁvc‡bi GB †jvfwU †_‡K gyw³ cvIqvI †Zv mnR wQj bv mvaviY fviZxq bvix‡`i c‡¶| gnvfvi‡Zi cvZvq Avgv‡`i †Pbv ivRv hhvwZi Mí Av‡Q; †h Zvi †hŠeb A¶Z ivL‡Z wb‡Ri wcÖq cy·`iI †Q‡o K_v e‡jwb| 1992 mv‡ji b‡f¤^i gv‡m cÖKvwkZ GKwU Avb›`‡gjvi 44 b¤^i cvZvq i‡q‡Q GwfUv mvev‡bi weÁvcb| weÁvc‡b g‡Wj wn‡m‡e i‡q‡Qb wjRv ivB| wjRv cÖvq eyK‡Lvjv GKwU mv`v Rvgv c‡i Av‡Qb weÁvcbwU‡Z| wjRvi AvKl©Yxq †PvL, †Kvgj Z¡K Avi D¾¡j †VuvU †`‡L cvMj n‡Z cv‡i †h-†Kv‡bv cyiæl| Ggb AvKl©Yxq bvix n‡Z PvB‡e bv †Kvb fviZxq Kb¨v? cv jvBb wn‡m‡e ejv n‡qwQj Ñ ÔAv`ª©Zv †`q, cywó †`q, †Kvgj evbvqÕ| GB cwÎKviB 13 b¤^i cvZvq i‡q‡Q jvBgjvBU mvev‡bi weÁvcb| GKwU AwZ my›`i †g‡q‡K g‡Wj wn‡m‡e e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q weÁvc‡b| Avi cv jvB‡b ¯úó K‡i ejv n‡q‡Q, ÔAvR‡Ki ZviKv, AvR‡Ki mvevbÕ| Ggb mvevb RbwcÖqZv bv †c‡q hv‡e †Kv_vq Ñ †h mvevb gvL‡j ZviKv ˆZwi nq!

Avm‡j GB mgqUv wQj Avgv‡`i bvix‡Kw›`ªK ˆbwZKZv cwieZ©‡bi mgq| d¨vkb BÛvw÷ª GB cwieZ©‡b cÖavb f‚wgKv MÖnY K‡iwQj| 1989 mv‡ji A‡±vei gv‡m AvRKvj cÖKvkbv †_‡K cÖKvwkZ nq †Uwjwfkb cwÎKv| GB msL¨vwUi cÖ”Q`-Kvwnwb wQj †`ªŠc`xi A›`ignj| 1988 mv‡ji 2 A‡±vei cÖ_g `~i`k©‡b gnvfviZ wmwiqvjwU ïiæ nq| Avi Gi †`ªŠc`x Pwi‡Î iƒcv Mv½yjxi Awfbq mevi gb †K‡o †bq| wKš‘ †`ªŠc`xB wK iƒcv Mv½yjxi GKgvÎ cwiPq? mviv¶Y GB kvwo c‡iB wK KvwU‡q w`‡Z n‡e Zuv‡K? Av`k© wn›`y igYx n‡q _vKvUvB wK Zuvi GKgvÎ fweZe¨? bv, G‡Kev‡iB Zv bq| †Uwjwfk‡bi GB cÖ”Q`-KvwnwbwU †evanq †mB wg_‡K †f‡O †dj‡ZB †jLv n‡qwQj| Gevi †evanq mgq G‡mwQj mviv fviZ‡K Rvbv‡bvi †h, gnvfvi‡Zi GKUv Gwc‡mv‡Wi ïwUs‡qi c‡iB iƒcv‡K QyU‡Z nq, Rv‡f` Rvdwii †eªKW¨v‡Ýi cvU©bvi n‡Z| i¶YkxjZv I AvaywbKZvi GKUv Amvgvb¨ †gjeÜb †`Lv †M‡Q iƒcv Mv½yjxi g‡a¨| myg`ªZ‡U UvBU wRÝ I Rvgv Ges †Pv‡L mvbMøvm c‡i GKwU AZ¨šÍ nU d‡UvïU K‡ib iƒcv| Avi †mBme Qwe cÖKvwkZ nq †Uwjwfkb cwÎKvwUi cvZvq| †Uwjwfk‡bi GB cÖ”Q`-Kvwnwb Rvbvb w`w”Qj RbiæwP cwieZ©‡bi mgq G‡m‡Q Gevi| Av‡iv ¯úó K‡i ej‡j d¨vkb BÛvw÷ª wbqš¿Y KiwQj GB RbiæwP‡K| wbg©vY KiwQj GB RbiæwPi fwel¨r|

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wPÎwk‡íI Abe`¨ gybwkqvbv †`wL‡q‡Qb e¨wZµgxiƒ‡c| wZwb †evanq wPÎwkíx‡`i g‡a¨ cÖ_g I †kl m„wókxj mªóv whwb ïay dzj wb‡q wPÎKg© K‡i †M‡Qb, hv Lye cÖwYavb‡hvM¨| †Zjis I A¨vwµwj‡K Kiv dz‡ji bvbv AvKvi, †kvfv, †mŠ›`h© hv cÖK…wZ‡Z FZz Abyhvqx wewfbœ AvKl©Yxq eY© I web¨v‡m cÖùzwUZ †mm‡ei ev¯ÍegyLx iƒc wb‡q wPÎcU mvwR‡qwQ‡jb Ges Zv w`‡q 1991 mv‡j GKwU GKK dz‡jj wPÎcÖ`k©bx K‡iwQ‡jb, hvi ïaygvÎ welq dzj wb‡q GiKg Av‡qvRb †evaKwi cÖ_g wkí NUbv| fv¯‹i Av‡bvqvi Rvnvb wQ‡jb PviæKjv Bbw÷wUD‡Ui cÖ_g fv¯‹h© wefv‡Mi QvÎ| Zuvi ˆbcyY¨ `viæwk‡íi g‡a¨ my›`iZvq †`Lv †M‡jI g„r I avZewk‡íI D‡jøL¨| Avw`g GK cÖKvi mijZv †`kxq HwZ‡n¨i iƒ‡c cÖwZfvZ Zuvi m„óK‡g©| †mB mg‡q g~wZ© Mov wbwl× Ñ GB agx©q wewa‡Z wZwb Zuvi fv¯‹h© wb‡q †ek bv‡Rnvj n‡qwQ‡jb| †gŠjev`x †Mvôx Zuvi m„ó GKRb ek©v-†Qvov †L‡jvqv‡oi fv¯‹h© †÷wWqv‡gi Kv‡Q wR‡iv c‡q‡›U moKØx‡c †ek eomo †`L‡Z Zv ewm‡qwQ‡jb †hwU †mbvevwnbxi mvnv‡h¨ iv‡Zi g‡a¨ mwi‡q A`„k¨ Ki‡Z mg_© nq| fv¯‹h©wkí‡K GZ fq G‡`i, gbMov GK evZv‡m-wg‡k-_vKv fqvbK wkív¯¿ hvi †Kv‡bv Kvh©KviY †bB agx©q †Muvovwg Qvov, GUvB wk‡íi µ‡gvbœwZi evav, AevK KvÐ! Aciv‡Rq evsjv m„wó Ki‡ZI Lvwj`‡K Kg evav-wecwËi m¤§yLxb n‡Z nqwb| 1972-73 mv‡j WvKmy-XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq QvÎ msMV‡bi D‡`¨v‡M Lvwj`‡K gyw³hy× ¯§i‡Y ¯§viK fv¯‹h© m„wó Ki‡Z ejv nq| 1974 mv‡j KvR ïiæ nq wKš‘ e½eÜz nZ¨vi ci KvR †_‡g hvq| 1975 mv‡ji ci †_‡K 1979 ch©šÍ GiKg P‡j, ZLb ag©vÜiv GUv‡K aŸsm Kivi †Póv K‡i wKš‘ wek¦we`¨vj‡qi m‡PZb cÖMwZkxj Qv·`i Øviv Zv m¤¢e nqwb| ZLb Qv·bZv gyRvwn`yj Bmjvg †mwjg, gvneye Rvgvb, g. nvwg` Zuviv AMÖYx f‚wgKvq wQ‡jb Ges fv¯‹h© m„wói †mB BwZnv‡m ¯§iYxq iB‡eb| Gici 1979 mv‡j Avevi fv¯‹‡h©i KvR Avi¤¢ nq Ges GB eQ‡ii 16 wW‡m¤^‡i GKRb hy×vnZ gyw³‡hv×v Øviv D‡ØvwaZ nq| ZLbKvi Qv·bZv gvngy`yi ingvb gvbœv, AvLZviæ¾vgvb, Avjx wiqvR, nvmvb nvwdR Ñ Zuviv fxlY mwµq wQ‡jb| Zuviv Aciv‡Rq evsjv †h bvgwU mvsevw`K mv‡jn †PŠayixi †`Iqv, mevB GB BwZnv‡mi m‡½ RwoZ| GB m‡½ huviv fv¯‹h©wUi g‡Wj n‡qwQ‡jb Ñ e`iæj Avjg †eby, nvwg` gbmyi (dR‡j) Ges †mweKviƒ‡c nvwmbv Avn‡g` Ñ Gu‡`i bvg g‡b Rv‡M| Av‡jvKwPÎx wgïK gybxi whwb Lvwj‡`i Ici Qwe-A¨vjevg ˆZwi K‡iwQ‡jb, wZwbmn bvg Ki‡Z nq cÖ‡KŠkjx †kL gyn¤§` knx`yjøvni whwb Aciv‡Rq evsjv fv¯‹h©wU wZb Bw cici Avbyf‚wgK †Q`‡b KswµU XvjvB‡qi cÖwµqv D™¢veb K‡i Zv Djø¤^Zvq m„wó Ki‡Z Lvwj`‡K AKzÉfv‡e mvnvh¨ K‡ib, hv B‡Zvc~‡e© hš¿vbyl½ e¨wZ‡i‡K Ggb Kómva¨ cÖ‡Póv

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¯§iY Kwi| P‡j hvIqvi wKQy Av‡M Zuvi m`¨ weevwnZ Kg©ÿg cyÎmšÍvb‡K nVvr nvwi‡q wZwb Lye wbðzc n‡q wM‡qwQ‡jb| g‡b c‡o Gm Gg myjZvb, †jLK gvngy`yj nK (eUz fvB), Pjw”PÎ Av‡›`vj‡bi gyn¤§` Lmiæ, iwdK AvRv`, m¤úv`K Aveyj nvmbv‡Zi m‡½ Zuvi Mfxi m‡L¨i K_v| †k‡li w`‡K ¯úó e³v, fwYZvnxb, †KŠZzKwcÖq I mij-mnR g‡bi Zzgyj AvÇvwcÖq Lvwj`, ¯’cwZ Ave`yi ikx`, ¯’cwZ-wkÿK mvgmyj Iqv‡im, fv¯‹i gywReyi ingvb, mvsevw`K ZwKi, ¯’cwZ e`iæj, †iRv, wRqv, gvneyeyj nK Ñ mevi m‡½ e`iæj-wRqvi Kvh©vj‡q wKsev Iqv‡i‡mi evmvq wbqwgZ em‡Zb I bvbv wel‡q Av‡jvPbv-cvbvnv‡ii g‡a¨ PzcPvc wbtk‡ã e‡m _vK‡Zb Ges mevi K_v WvMi `ywU †PvL †g‡j ïb‡Zb, Zvici nVvr mgqg‡Zv D‡V mevi Av‡M P‡j †h‡Zb †hgb K‡i wZwb mwZ¨ mwZ¨B †Q‡o †M‡jb| Zuvi Abycw¯’wZ Avgv‡`i mK‡ji Dcw¯’wZ‡Z memgq †R‡M iB‡e| Zuvi Abw¯Í‡Z¡i Ici Acvi †mŠ›`h©aviv AweiZ ewl©Z †nvK| n m~Î 1. G wnw÷ª Ae AvwK©‡UKPvi, m¨vi e¨vwb÷vi †d¬Pvi, Rb gvm‡MÖvf m¤úvw`Z DwbkZg ms¯‹iY| 2. w` G‡fvwjDkb Ae gWvb© ¯‹víPvi, Uª¨vwWkb A¨vÛ GWz‡Kkb, G Gg nv¤§v‡Pi| 3. evsjv‡`k GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwUi evsjv‡`k mvs¯‹…wZK mgxÿvgvjv-8, Pviæ I KviæKjv Aa¨vq| 4. w` wbD eyK Ae b‡j‡Ri w` wnw÷ª Ae ¯‹víPvi, Gwjbi WR evU©b| 5. AšÍR©v‡j cÖvß iPbv I wewfbœ cÎ-cwÎKv|

kÖ×v : jyB Kvb †evinvbDwÏb Lvb Rvnv½xi

wk

ixb kviwgb †PŠayix, Avcwb wK Rv‡bb evsjv‡`‡ki GK Avðh© feb GLb Avcbvi nv‡Z? GB febwU m„wó K‡i‡Qb jyB Kvb cvwK¯Ív‡bi Jcwb‡ewkK Avg‡j, wKš‘ wZwb febwU Amgvß †i‡L cicv‡i P‡j †M‡Qb| Amgvß febwU cvwK¯Ívwb cÖfz‡`i weiæ‡× GKRb ¯’cwZi P¨v‡jÄ, Ab¨w`‡K GB P¨v‡jÄ Avgv‡`i Ici Zuvi KvR mgvß Kivi `vwq‡Z¡i wb‡`©kbv| cvwK¯Ívwb cÖfziv ¯’cwZi P¨v‡jÄ D‡cÿv K‡i‡Qb, Avi Avgiv, ¯^vaxb bvMwiKiv, `vwqZ¡ cvjb Kwiwb| Zey GB feb, msm` feb, me AeÁv D‡cÿv K‡i, evsjv‡`‡ki w`‡K ZvwK‡q Av‡Q| KviY

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`k©b| GKUv m‡Z¨i w`‡K wZwb hvÎv K‡i‡Qb, GKUv me©Rbxb mZ¨ wZwb ai‡Z †c‡i‡Qb| wZwb ¯’vc‡Z¨ memgq GKUv A_© Lyu‡R †ewo‡q‡Qb : GKUv †`qvj, GKUv Qv`, GKUv `iRvi A_©, wKsev †hfv‡e Av‡jvK ˆZwi K‡i KvVv‡gvi †fZi KvVv‡gv, wKsev febUv Kx n‡Z Pvq Zvi inm¨| wZwb Lyu‡R‡Qb †gŠj Reve, wkí I gvbweKZvi nvZ a‡i| wZwb †Póv K‡i‡Qb ¯’vc‡Z¨i c~Y© D™¢veb : fe‡bi ev¯ÍeZvi ïiæ I †kl| wZwb memgq †gwUwiqvj‡K cÖkœ K‡i‡Qb : Kx n‡Z PvI †Zvgiv?

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Rxebhvc‡bi g‡a¨| †mRb¨ evsjv‡`‡ki msm` feb n‡”Q ÿgZv I jve‡Y¨i GKwU A¨vemUªv± R¨vwgwZ : wZwb Zuvi Abyfe¸‡jv DRvo K‡i w`‡q‡Qb GLv‡b, Zuvi †PvL w`‡q cwieªvRb K‡i‡Qb mviv‡`k, hv‡Z febwU RxešÍ n‡q I‡V| Pvicv‡k Eli Rwg I Pvicv‡k UjU‡j cvwbi g‡a¨ wZwb m„wó K‡i‡Qb GKwU †K›`ªxq Bb‡Uwiqi †¯úm : GKwU feb| Ab¨w`‡K febwU n‡”Q GKUv †¯úm, D‡o P‡j‡Q AvKv‡k, Av‡jvK we”QywiZ n‡”Q Ici †_‡K I wN‡i a‡i‡Q g¨vwmf b¨vPvivj KswµU †`qvj, Zvi g‡a¨ wekvj mvKz©jvi, †Lvjv‡gjv RvqMv| Gfv‡e †¯úmwU `k©‡Ki †Pv‡L GK Avðh© Wªvgv †g‡j a‡i‡Q| GKUv e× †¯úm, Kxfv‡e mvKz©jvi n‡q hvq, Kxfv‡e GKUv mvKz©jvi †¯úm Av‡jvwKZ †`qvj n‡q hvq, Kxfv‡e Av‡jvwKZ †`qvj AvKv‡k Wvbv †g‡j †`q : Avgv‡`i †`Lvi †Kv‡bv K‚j-wKbviv †bB| Ggb feb Av‡M KL‡bv Rb¥vqwb (Avwg

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B›Uvimve‡Rw±wfwU : †`Lv Ñ GB wµqvc`wU †_‡KB hvÎv K‡i Pjw”PÎ| †h †`‡L Ges hv‡K †`Lv nq Pjw”P‡Î, Zv‡`i g‡a¨ P‡j GB wØgyLx †jb‡`b Ñ `k©K Ges `k©bxq wn‡m‡e Ñ G‡K Ac‡ii m‡½ ¯’vb e`j K‡i A_ev G‡K Ac‡ii Øviv cÖwZ¯’vwcZ n‡q Ñ GB n‡”Q Pjw”P‡Î AvšÍtwelqxMZZvi cÖv_wgK cÖ¯Ívebv| G K_v †evSv mnR †h, Pjw”P‡Îi †h †`k-mgq `k©‡Ki mvg‡b Dc¯’vwcZ nq Zv Zvi Pwi·`i AvšÍtwelqxMZZvi AšÍM©Z| Avevi Pjw”P‡Îi Pwi·`i m‡½, Zvi mgqKv‡j, `k©K‡`i cÖvqB GKwU †evSvcov ev †jb‡`‡bi m¤úK© Pjgvb _v‡K| welqwU `yBfv‡e KvR K‡i| GKw`‡K `k©K wn‡m‡e †Kej Pjw”PÎ-`k©KB †`‡L bv, eis GiKg GKwU †eva Zvi g‡a¨ cÖwZwôZ nq †h, Pjw”P‡Îi PwiÎivI Zv‡K †`L‡Q| Avevi Dj‡Uvw`‡K GKRb wbw®Œq fqvwi÷ †_‡K mwµq PwiÎ n‡q I‡V `k©K| Pjw”P‡Îi PwiÎiv `k©‡Ki m‡½ msjvc cÖ¯Íve K‡i, Zvi Dcw¯’wZ‡K P¨v‡jÄ K‡i, Zvi wek¦vm ev ivRbxwZ‡K cÖkwœ e× K‡i| `k©K RwoZ nq, wW‡dÝ M‡o †Zv‡j, msÿzä nq, cvjUv cÖkœ K‡i| Gfv‡e Pjw”PÎ Ges `k©‡Ki †¯úm GK e„nËi B›Uvimve‡Rw±f ej‡q cÖ‡ek K‡i| M‡elKiv ej‡Qb, ÔCinema is not some kind of objectified external universe cut off from the spectator by an impassable barrier that separates the corporeal from the intellectual, or private self from the public space.

The intersubjective perspective in film theory maintains that in contemporary cinema the traditional, dialectical poles of inside and outside, subject and object, seeing and being seen no longer seems to be valid. The status of the subject and the object of the look are interchangable : we are surrounded by images that look back at us, aggressively, seductively, provocatively, indifferently. (Zvinv †jBb 2007:10)Õ|

Avgvi g‡b n‡q‡Q, evsjv‡`‡ki mv¤úªwZK cÖvgvY¨wP‡Î B›Uvimve‡Rw±wfwU ev AvšÍtwelqxMZZvi Dcw¯’wZ we‡klfv‡e jÿYxq| Ab¨Zg cÖavb cÖvgvY¨wPÎ wbg©vZv gvbRv‡invmxb gyiv` Zuvi Qwe‡Z `k©K‡K †mwieª¨vwj hy³ K‡ib Ges `k©K GKai‡bi gvbwmK †jb‡`‡bi Avewk¨K cÖwµqvq Rwo‡q c‡ob| Avevi Zuvi cÖvgvY¨ Qwei PwiÎiv Ges Aa¨vq¸‡jv Zv‡`i wbR¯^ welqxMZZv wewbg‡qi GKwU cwigÐj M‡o †Zv‡j Pjw”P‡Îi wØgvwÎKZvi g‡a¨B|

beŸB‡qi `k‡K Zuvi wbwg©Z †iv‡Kqv Ges Avgv‡`i †Q‡jiv cÖvgvY¨wP‡Î AvšÍtwelqxMZZvi kw³gvb D`vniY n‡q Av‡Q| Zuvi mv¤úªwZK Qwe GL‡bv GKvËi `k©‡Ki wbw®ŒqZvi cÖwZ‡iva‡K †f‡O †d‡j bvbv w`K †_‡K| `ywU wfbœ digvwjwUi µgvMZ e¨envi, mgqMZ gšÍvR Ges b¨v‡iwU‡fi fvOb `k©K‡K Dcjwä K‡i †h, Pjw”PÎwU Zv‡K †`L‡Q Ges cÖkœ Ki‡Q A_ev RwoZ Ki‡Z PvB‡Q| Z‡e hv †KŠZ‚n‡jvÏxcK Zv n‡jv GB Pjw”P‡Îi g‡a¨ GKai‡bi KvwnwbwPÎmyjf Mí web¨v‡mi fw½| kvnev‡M m~‡h©v`‡qi Av‡MB hy×vcivax Kv‡`i †gvjøvi duvwm n‡q hvIqvi †Uwjwfkb dz‡UR †`wL Avgiv| †Rj †M‡Ui †mB dz‡UR †kl nq kvnev‡Mi †møvMv‡bi k‡ãi m‡½ wg· K‡i| Kv‡`i †gvjøvi GKwU wekvj w¯’iwPÎ is nvwi‡q †gv‡bv‡µvg n‡q hvq| `„k¨ †dW AvDU nq...†møvMvb Pj‡Z _v‡K| Gici kvnev‡M m~‡h©v`q Ges Kv‡`i †gvjøvmn Ab¨vb¨ hy×vcivaxi kvw¯Íi `vwe‡Z Av‡›`vj‡bi cÖvgvY¨KiY ïiæ nq| Gfv‡e kvnev‡Mi cÖv_wgK D‡ËRKwUi wbivKiY K‡i mij b¨v‡iwUf fvOvi †h wPÎbvU¨-Xs †mwU‡K e¨envi K‡ib gvbRv‡invmxb gyiv`| Avevi Ab¨w`‡K GwUI †hb cÖwZwôZ nq †h, GB Qwe kvnev‡Mi µwgK cÖvgvY¨Ki‡Yi †P‡q †ewk wKQy n‡q DV‡Z Pvq| Pjw”P‡Îi AvšÍtwelqxMZZvi Av‡jvPbvq GiKg wPÎbv‡U¨i web¨vm ¸iæZ¡c~Y© n‡q I‡V| KviY `k©‡Ki m‡½ Pjw”P‡Îi †h Uªvb‡RKkb Zv‡Z b¨v‡iwU‡fi A‰iwLKZv we‡kl f‚wgKv cvjb Ki‡Z cv‡i| wfbœfv‡e kebg †di‡`Šmxi cÖvgvY¨wPÎ Rb¥mv_x `k©‡Ki m‡½ GKwU welqxMZ m¤ú‡K© Rwo‡q covi m¤¢vebv m„wó K‡i| Ggwb‡ZB wi‡d¬w·f †gv‡Wi cÖvgvY¨wP‡Îi m‡½ `k©K GKfv‡e hy³‡eva K‡ib| Avi keb‡gi QwewUi †R‡bwmmwUB Ggb †h, Zuvi e¨w³wbô wPšÍv µgk QwewU‡K GwM‡q wb‡q P‡j| myaxi Ges kvgmybœvnv‡ii †h cÖKvk Zv keb‡gi cÖ‡kœi †fZi w`‡q ïay bq; Zuvi ms‡e`, hy×wkï wel‡q Zuvi M‡elYv Ges Dcjwä †_‡K RvZ| Gfv‡e myaxi, kvgmybœvnvi Ges kebg Zuv‡`i AvšÍte¨w³K †jb‡`‡bi †fZi w`‡q Rb¥mv_x‡K `k©‡Ki mvg‡b Dcw¯’Z K‡ib| `k©K GB †jb‡`‡bi g‡a¨ hy³ nb, keb‡gi AbymÜvb Ges hvÎv `k©K‡K msÿzä ev cÖkœwe× bv Ki‡jI Zuvi wbR¯^ ms‡e` I wRÁvmv wb‡q GB hvÎvq hy³ n‡Z †cÖiYv †RvMvq| Z‡e AvšÍtwelqxMZZvi kw³gvb D`vniY Rvg©vwb‡Z cÖevmx evsjv‡`‡ki Pjw”PÎKvi kvnxb w`j-wiqv‡Ri †`kvšÍi cÖvgvY¨wPÎwU| Gi g~j †dvKvmwUB n‡”Q AvšÍtmvs¯‹…wZK msjvc Ges Zvi wbixÿY| c~e© Avi cwð‡gi cyi‡bv †h †jb‡`b ZviB GKai‡bi bevqb; hv mv¤úªwZKZvq cÖm½vwqZ, hvi ch©vqwU e¨w³wbô Ges mgvR, ivRbxwZ I A_©bxwZ‡K IB e¨w³i gvb †_‡KB we‡ePbv Kiv| AeavwiZfv‡eB Qwei Pwi·`i g‡a¨ †h AvšÍtwelqxMZ GK cwigÐj M‡o DV‡Z _v‡K Zv GB Qwei digvwjwU gvÎ bq, Zv-B GB Qwei welq| G Qwe m¤¢eZ Av‡iv hv Pvq Zv n‡jv, `k©‡Ki g‡a¨ GB msjvc‡K cÖweó Ki‡Z, `k©K‡K GB msjv‡c hy³ Ki‡Z| Qwei ÔAb¨

c„w_exÕ `k©K‡K †h cÖkœ¸‡jv K‡i (Gme cÖkœ wbg©vY K‡i Qwei cÖm½ I Zv‡`i wUªU‡g›U) Zv‡`i †fZi w`‡qB †hb Qwei gvby‡liv `k©K‡K †`‡L| A_ev GB cÖkœ¸‡jvi †fZi w`‡q `k©K wb‡R‡K bZzb K‡i †`‡L| Zvi Av‡eM, hyw³, AvMÖn, †ÿvf, j¾v, åvwšÍ Ñ GB Qwei †`Lv‡K wN‡i Ñ GK we‡kl eY©bv wbg©vY K‡i| GB eY©bv c~e© I cwð‡gi m¤úK©welqK; Avevi `k©‡Ki wb‡Ri wek¦vm, ivRbxwZ, Aw¯ÍZ¡ BZ¨vw`‡ZI mswkøó| `k©‡Ki GB eY©bv, Avgiv ZK© Ki‡Z cvwi, GB Pjw”P‡Îi B›Uvimve‡Rw±wfwU‡Z hy³ nq| †`kvšÍi Qwei welqxMZZv Gfv‡e µgvMZ, wbišÍi GK msjv‡ci avivevwnKZvq cwiYZ nq| K¨v‡ivwjb, Avbv, †dwj·, Rywjqvb, †ivRv, wg‡kj Ges Av‡iv K‡qKRb wg‡j G Qwei Rvg©vb cÿ| Avi G c‡ÿ evsjv‡`k Ñ XvKv Ges DËie‡½i MÖvg¸‡jv| kvnxb Av‡Qb gvSLv‡b; AšÍZ Gfv‡eB kvnxb †`L‡Z Pvb welqwU‡K| c‡ÿi aviYvwU Aby‡gvw`Z n‡e bv me©R‡b| wKš‘ cÿB Avm‡j, cwðg Avi c~e,© MwZ Avi w¯’wZ, abx Avi `wi`ª, `vZv Avi MÖnxZv, ˆewk¦K Avi ¯’vwbK| Gfv‡e GZ ˆecixZ¨,

AvB Gg B‡qU Uzwm w`jøx cÖvgvY¨wP‡Îi GKwU `„k¨

Awgj, `~iZ¡ †h c‡ÿi aviYvwU‡KB me‡P‡q jvMmB g‡b nq| Avi †mB ivR‰bwZK Dcwb‡ekKv‡ji `Lj`vwi NwbôZvI Abycw¯’Z GLb| I c‡ÿ ivR‰bwZK mwVKZvi civKvôv, G c‡ÿ AvZ¥cwiwPwZwelqK bvbv ZK©, D‡ËRbv, ¯úk©KvZiZv; me wg‡j `~iZ¡ GLb †ewkB| GB `~iZ¡‡K cÿ wn‡m‡e wPwýZ Ki‡jB †`kvšÍi Qwei A¨vmwc‡ikbwU‡K aiv hvq; Zvi cvjmwU‡K Abyfe Kiv hvq| †`kvšÍi f‚‡Mvj I ivRbxwZi mxgv cvi n‡q GB ˆecix‡Z¨i g‡a¨ msjvc Av‡qvRb Ki‡Z Pvq; ˆecixZ¨‡KB bvbvfv‡e cixÿv K‡i †`L‡Z Pvq| †m, GB Pjw”PÎ, Avbvwo m`_©K bq; †Kv‡bv P‚ovšÍ BwZevPKZv Zvi jÿ¨ bq| †m eis `yB c‡ÿi GB msjvc‡K `k©‡Ki g‡a¨ PvwjZ Ki‡Z Pvq Ges `k©K‡K hy³ K‡i AvšÍtwelqxMZZvi GKwU e„nËi Ges m`v-Pjgvb cwigÐj wbg©vY Ki‡Z Pvq| †`kvšÍ‡ii †h msjvc Zvi g‡a¨ DËi Dcwb‡e‡ki G‡_wbwmwU Kg‡cø· Av‡Q, AvaywbKZvwelqK RwUjZv Av‡Q, HwZn¨welqK Uvbvc‡ob Av‡Q, Av‡Q kvnevM, Av‡Q ivbv cøvRv| Gm‡ei †fZi w`‡q GK mg„× B›Uvimve‡Rw±f †jb‡`b|

Sjgwjqv cÖvgvY¨wP‡Îi GKwU `„k¨

dwi` Avn‡g‡`i Uªy, djm A¨vÛ G †ifz‡jkb BwZnv‡mi cÖvgvY¨KiY Kivi cvkvcvwk Zvi wbg©vY‡KŠk‡ji Kvi‡Y `k©‡Ki m‡½ GKwU AvšÍtwelqxMZ cwigÐj m„wó Ki‡Z mg_© nq| D˜NvwUZ BwZnvm ev Zvi DcKiY¸‡jv `k©K‡K mwµq K‡i †Zv‡j bvbv wRÁvmv m„wói ga¨ w`‡q| QwewUi AbymÜvbx AvenwU `k©K‡K A‡cÿvq _vKvi e`‡j gvbwmKfv‡e mPj K‡i †Zv‡j|

wbixÿv : Avw½KMZ wbixÿv evsjv‡`‡ki †Kv‡bv ai‡bi Pjw”P‡ÎB †h Lye †ewk n‡q‡Q Ggb bq| Z‡e mv¤úªwZKKv‡j cÖvgvY¨wP‡Î wbixÿvi bvbviKg cÖeYZv jÿ Kiv hv‡”Q| Gme wbixÿv G‡Kev‡i bZzb †Kv‡bv Awfe¨w³ n‡q DV‡Q GiKg ej‡Z PvBwQ bv, wKš‘ wbg©vZviv ev¯Í‡ei cÖvgvY¨Ki‡Y m„Rbkxj n‡q DV‡Z PvB‡Qb; GKwU `„k¨ Ae‡jvKb gva¨g wn‡m‡e Pjw”P‡Îi ÿgZv‡K ciL K‡i †`L‡Z PvB‡Qb;

A_ev cÖvgvY¨KiY Ges Awfe¨w³ wbg©vY `ywU welq‡KB ¸iæZ¡c~Y© K‡i Zzj‡Qb| †dŠwRqv Lv‡bi Qwe †h M‡íi †kl †bB GKwU mvgvwRK welq‡K fxlY e¨w³MZ GKwU †gRv‡R cÖvgvY¨KiY Ki‡Z †P‡q‡Q| bvixi †hŠbZvi g‡Zv GKwU welq‡K wb‡q QwewU wbg©v‡Y Pjw”PÎKvi cÖZxK I iƒc‡Ki AvkÖ‡q GK Kve¨gq RMr wbg©vY K‡i‡Qb| GB Kve¨ bvixev`x mvwnZ¨ I cÖK…wZi mgvšÍivj †_‡K AbycÖvwYZ nq| bvix`„wói †h cÖK…wZcÖeYZv K_v wj‡LwQ dviRvbv ewei welKuvUv Qwei Av‡jvPbvq †mB welqwUB GB Qwe‡Z cÖvq GK cÖavb wfRyqvj †gvwUd n‡q I‡V| Ab¨Î GB cÖeYZv‡K B‡Kv †dwgwbRg †_‡K AbycÖvwYZ GK Pjw”PwÎK Awfe¨w³ e‡j kbv³ K‡iwQ| †h M‡íi †kl †bB wbg©vY K‡i bvbv wfRyqvj cÖZxK Avi k‡ãi GK ms‡e`x Aven| wbg©vZv Qwe‡Z †bB; wKš‘ GK kw³gvb e¨w³MZ cvV Avgiv kbv³ Kwi| Avevi bvixK_vi `yj©f me DcvË welqwU‡K Awbt‡kl PvwjZ K‡i

`k©‡Ki g‡a¨| D‡jøL Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i †h, †dŠwRqvi Av‡Mi Qwe Avgv‡K ej‡Z `vI cÖvq GKBiKg GKwU Avw½K‡K AbymiY K‡iwQj| bexb wbg©vZv ûgvqiv wejwK‡mi AvB Gg B‡qU Uz wm w`jøx GKwU e¨w³MZ wfRyqvj hvÎv; w`wjøi g‡Zv †g‡Uªvcwj‡mi GK e¨w³wbô AwfÁZvi A‰iwLK cÖKvk| nq‡Zv GUv Zuvi GKwU ¯^c-œ cÖvq †PZbvcÖevnx wbwg©wZ, mv_©K KweZvi g‡Zv Ag~Z© †Kv‡bv Abyf‡ei AbycÖvwYZ cÖKvk| mve‡Rw±f, K¨vbwWW, gšÍe¨nxb `„wó I kÖe‡Yi g‡a¨ Zxÿè GK ms‡e‡`i m‡½ µ‡gB hy³ n‡Z _v‡K `k©K| ûgvqivi wbixÿv w`wjø kn‡ii weKí `k©b cÖ¯vÍ e K‡i; †mLv‡b kn‡ii nZkÖx ev¯ÍeZv, mewR we‡µZvi AvU‡cŠ‡i WvK, Aeqenxb UªvwdK, wWwRUvj Uz¨wiRg µgvMZ Pj‡Z _v‡K| A_ev †m GK AšÍh©vÎvB Avm‡j †kl ch©šÍ hv Aewkó _v‡K ¯§„wZi bk¦iZvq GK bMi wel‡q ZvB wb‡q| 2010 mv‡ji c‡i evsjv‡`‡k wbwg©Z wKQy cÖvgvY¨wP·K we‡ePbvq wb‡q K‡qKwU cÖeYZv‡K wPwýZ Kivi †Póv Kiv †Mj| GB †PóvwU Av‡iv me©vZ¥K Ges we‡kølYagx© Kiv m¤¢e n‡j Avwg wb‡R Z…ß †eva KiZvg| wKš‘ AvcvZZ bvbv mxgve×Zv‡K †g‡b wb‡q GLv‡bB _vg‡Z n‡”Q| me‡k‡l fwel¨‡Zi cÖvgvY¨wPÎ cÖm‡½ GKwU †QvU wb‡e`b| wWwRUvj cÖhwy ³ mviv c„w_ex‡ZB GKwU NUbv NwU‡q‡Q, evsjv‡`kI Zvi evB‡i bq| †mwU n‡”Q Pjw”PÎ wbg©v‡Yi GKai‡bi inm¨ †gvPb| GwU †h †Kv‡bv cweÎ gš¿mva¨ `yNU© bv we‡kl bq; ms‡e`x gvbyl gvÎB Qwe evbv‡bvi D‡`¨vM wb‡Z cv‡ib Ñ GB K_vwU AšÍZ hv‡`i IqvB(Y) †Rbv‡ikb ejv nq †mB cÖR‡b¥i gvbyliv Avgv‡`i †`‡kI eyS‡Z †c‡i‡Qb| GB AvZ¥wek¦vm w`‡q‡Q Pjw”PÎ wbg©v‡Yi nvjKv wWwRUvj cÖhyw³ Ges mnRjf¨ †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³| Gi m‡½ hy³ n‡q‡Q Pjw”PÎwelqK cÖvwZôvwbK †jLvcovi my‡hvM| bvbv mxgve×Zvi gv‡SI ZiæYiv wKQy ZË¡ Ges cÖv‡qvwMK Ávb AR©b Ki‡Qb Pjw”PÎwbg©vY cÖm‡½| Gi dj n‡”Q GB †h, evsjv‡`‡k GLb bvbv cÖwµqvi †fZi w`‡q ARmª Qwe ˆZwi n‡”Q| KvwnwbwPÎ n‡”Q, cÖvgvY¨wPÎ n‡”Q, †QvU-eo bvbv ˆ`‡N©¨i Qwe n‡”Q| cÖvgvY¨wP‡Îi †ÿ‡Î fv‡jvfv‡e g‡bv‡hvMx n‡j †`wL, ¯^vaxbZvi ci mËi Ges Avwki `k‡K nv‡Z‡Mvbv K‡qKwU cÖvgvY¨wPÎ wbwg©Z n‡q‡Q| †m Zzjbvq beŸB‡qi `k‡K bvUKxqfv‡eB Qwei msL¨v †e‡o †M‡Q Ges Gi c‡ii mg‡q †m msL¨v Av‡iv A‡bK †ewk| GB cÖkœ †Zvjv †h‡ZB cv‡i, ZviciI wK h‡_ó msL¨vq gvbm¤úbœ cÖvgvY¨wPÎ wbwg©Z n‡”Q, A_ev cÖvgvY¨wPÎ wK `k©‡Ki Kv‡Q †cuŠQ‡”Q ev `k©‡Ki g‡a¨ cÖvgvY¨wPÎ welqK m‡PZbZv ˆZwi n‡q‡Q| GB cÖkœ¸‡jv cÖvgvY¨wPÎ welqK Av‡jvPbvq Aek¨B cÖvmw½K, wKš‘ AvcvZZ Avwg hv cÖwZwôZ Ki‡Z PvBwQ Zvi evB‡ii e¨vcvi| Avgvi g‡b

n‡q‡Q †h, Pjw”P‡Îi GB †h MYZš¿vqY Zvi cÖfveUv me‡P‡q †ewk c‡o‡Q cÖvgvY¨Ki‡Y| WKz‡g‡›Ukb e¨vcviUv †h-†Kv‡bv A‡_©B e¨vcKZv jvf K‡i‡Q Ges wfRyqvj WKz‡g‡›Uk‡b GLb †KD RoZv †eva K‡ib bv| G wel‡q we‡kl GwM‡q bZzb cÖRb¥| †h-†Kv‡bv NUbv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© g‡b n‡jB nv‡Zi †gvevBj †dvbwU e¨envi K‡i Zvi Qwe aviY K‡i ivLv n‡”Q| Zvici AšÍZ mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM gva¨‡g Zv cÖKvwkZ n‡”Q| Gfv‡e ev¯Í‡ei bgybv msMÖ‡ni cÖwµqvwU GKwU e¨vcK Kg©h‡Á cwiYZ n‡q‡Q mgv‡R| ZK© Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i, Gfv‡e Pjgvb ev¯ÍeZv Qwe aviY Kivq Af¨¯Í n‡q hviv †e‡o DV‡Qb, cÖvgvY¨wPÎ wbg©v‡Yi cÖ¯‘wZ‡Z Zviv c~e©eZx© cÖR‡b¥i †P‡q GwM‡q _vK‡Qb| Gi c‡ii c_wU Zv‡`i g‡a¨ KRb nuvU‡eb †mwU wKš‘ wfbœ K_v; wKš‘, Zviv AvZ¥wek¦v‡m Ges AwfÁZvq GwM‡q _vK‡Qb| GLv‡b me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© †eva Kwi GB bZzb cÖR‡b¥i wkÿY cÖwµqvwU| Giv hLb wkL‡eb cÖvgvY¨wPÎ wbg©v‡Yi Kjv‡KŠkj wewfbœ cÖwZôv‡b ZLb Zv‡`i c~e©vwR©Z AvZ¥wek¦vm Ges AwfÁZvi welq¸‡jv hw` g‡b ivLv nq, Zvn‡j bZzb cÖvgvY¨wP‡Îi c_ myMg n‡e wbðqB| nv‡j cÖvgvY¨wP‡Îi GB msL¨v ùxwZi Kv‡j wgwWqv‡Z †h MZvbyMwZK cÖvgvY¨wPÎ cÖ`wk©Z nq Zvi Avw½K‡K †gv‡bvdg© bv‡g AvL¨vwqZ K‡i‡Qb Pjw”PÎ-Av‡jvPKiv Ges wbw®Œq `k©‡Ki Rb¨ ev¯Í‡ei myweavRbK e¨vL¨v wbg©v‡Yi GKwU cwiKvVv‡gv wn‡m‡e GB Avw½K‡K wPwýZ K‡i‡Qb| Zv‡`i fvlvq, Ôa language form where in spatial fragmentation, repetitive time rhythms, constantly moving camera, rapid staccato editing, dense bombardment of sound, and lack of silence or reflective space, play a dominant and aggressive roleÕ (IqvUwKÝ, 2015)| Avgv‡`i bZzb cÖR‡b¥i m¤¢ve¨

cÖvgvY¨wPÎ wbg©vZv‡`i GB cÖeYZv †_‡K iÿv Kiv KZ©e¨ e‡j g‡b Kwi| n

m~Î wb‡`©k :

IqvUwKÝ, wcUvi| †÷U‡g›U Ab wgwWqv µvBwmm : Ab †gv‡bvdg© Ae Kb‡Ug‡cvivwi wgwWqv| www.pwatkins.mnsi.net/index.htm †_‡K A‡±vei 2015-†Z M„nxZ| 2. †jBb, Zvinv (2007)| †kBg A¨vÛ wWRvqvi : B‡gvkb, B›Uvimve‡Rw±wfwU, wm‡bgv| wcUvi j¨vs| 3. †nv‡mb, gvngy`yj (2015)| Sjgwjqv : ¯^v`y †kK‡oi mÜv‡b, www.dekhamhossain.wordpress.com †_‡K †g 2016-†Z M„nxZ|

1.

gy‡Lvk KL‡bv bZzb gvÎv †hvM Ki‡Z cv‡i wK KvgvjDwÏb bxjy

gy

‡Lv‡ki mvnv‡h¨ GKRb gvbyl Zvi RvqMvUv‡K hLb †m e¨envi Ki‡Z Pvq bv gyL hv e‡j wb‡Ri cÖK…Z iƒc mwZ¨Kvifv‡eB ZLb gy‡Lvk Zv‡K wew”Qbœ K‡i †`q Zvi Zvi †P‡q AwaK cÖKvk Ki‡Z cv‡i Ñ †h iƒcwU ÔcwiPqÕ †_‡K Ges Zvi gvbwmK RMrUv‡K e‡j gy‡Lvk XvKv c‡o _v‡K Zvi †Pnvivi gva¨‡g| GUv cÖKvk K‡i GKwU wfbœ e¨w³ wn‡m‡e| G Ñ A¯‹vi IqvBì GKUv wbw`©ó e¨w³ ev `k©K Df‡qi †ÿ‡ÎB cÖm‡½ †R †dvig¨v‡bi e¨vL¨v : Ôgy‡Lvk Zvi cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡Z cv‡i| Aviwe fvlvq gy‡Lv‡ki cwiavbKvix‡K gyw³ †`q mKj ai‡bi cÖwZiƒc ÔgvmLvnivÕ, hvi A_© Ô†auvKvevwRÕ ms‡KvP, wbqgKvbyb I cÖvZ¨wnK Rxe‡bi ev ÔiƒcvšÍiÕ, Avevi Bs‡iwR‡Z Gi A_© Kiv nq Ñ ÔcÖ”Qbœ wewfbœ LyuwUbvwU welq †_‡K| Z‡e GUv GKB m‡½ g‡b iƒcÕ| GKRb e¨w³i gvbwmK RMrUv cÖKvk cvq Zvi gy‡Li Kwi‡q †`q wek„•Ljv, webvk I cwieZ©bkxjZv, hv Avgv‡`i gva¨‡g, Avi GB gyL A_©vr Zv‡K kbv³ Kivi g~j m‡½B Av‡Q|Õ

1. gy‡Lvk Ges w_‡qUvi m‡µwU‡mi mgq †_‡K ïiæ K‡i eZ©gv‡bi AvaywbK cvðvZ¨ w_‡qUvi ch©šÍ gy‡Lvk e¨eüZ n‡q Avm‡Q bvU‡Ki iƒcKZv‡K cÖKvk Kivi GKUv cÖZxK wn‡m‡e| mnRfv‡e ejv hvq, eû hyM a‡iB iƒcvq‡Yi †ÿ‡Î gy‡Lvk Pwi·K cÖZxKvwqZ K‡i Avm‡Q Ges bvU‡Ki cvidig¨vÝ I agx©q AvPvi-Abyôv‡bi †ÿ‡Î GwU cÖavb f‚wgKv cvjb Ki‡Q| Gic‡iI eZ©gv‡b bvU¨welqK cÖwkÿ‡Yi †ÿ‡Î GKUv g~j welq wn‡m‡e gy‡Lv‡ki Z_¨wb‡`©k h‡_ó AcÖZzj| wek kZ‡K wkÿvi GKUv mywbw`©ó DcKiY wn‡m‡e gy‡Lv‡ki e¨envi ïiæ n‡q‡Q| cÖ_gw`‡K GUv Aek¨ Awfbqwkíx‡`i cÖwkÿ‡Yi Rb¨ e¨envi Kiv n‡Zv| Awfbqwkíx I cÖwkÿ‡Yi †ÿ‡Î gy‡Lvk Awf‡bZv-Awf‡bÎx‡`i AvZ¥cwiPq †_‡K wew”Qbœ K‡i †`q Ges Dfq †ÿ‡ÎB wkíx‡`i GKUv ÔAb¨Õ mËvq cwiYZ K‡i, hv A‡bKUv ISv‡`i g‡Zv e¨vcvi| Avi GB wew”QbœZvi gva¨‡g wkíx Zvi wb‡Ri mËv‡K Av‡iv wbweofv‡e Abyfe Ki‡Z cv‡i| †R wK‡d I Gm gvwii g‡Z :

cÖvPxb wMÖK w_‡qUv‡ii gy‡Lvk

gyLgЇj GKUv we‡kl gvÎv †hvM Kivi Ab¨Zg Dcvq n‡jv gy‡Lvk| hLbB wkíxiv gy‡Lvk c‡ib, ZLbB Zuv‡`i kix‡ii m‡¤§vnbUv P‡j hvq| Zuviv gyLgЇji mg¯Í Awfe¨w³ I †cwki bovPov eÜ K‡i †`b, gyLgЇji Amvgvb¨ Hk¦h© P‡j hvq| wkíxi m‡½ Zuvi gyLgЇji (Rvcvwb fvlvq Kv‡gb) Ggb GKUv wew”QbœZv ˆZwi nq †h ZLb Zuvi gyLUv n‡q hvq g„Z| GB e¨vcviUv Aek¨ wki‡ñ‡`i m‡½I Zzjbv Kiv hvq| Avi G Kvi‡YB GKRb wkíxi me‡P‡q eo P¨v‡jÄ n‡jv : GKUv w¯’i, wbðj I AUj e¯‘‡K GKUv RxešÍ I e¨Äbvc~Y© Ae¯’vq cwiYZ Kiv|

gy‡Lvk wb‡q Aa¨qb Kivi †ÿ‡Î gy‡Lvk‡K wN‡i ci¯úi mshy³ wewfbœ ai‡bi Áv‡bi m‡½ †evSvcov KivB me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡cY~ © e¨vcvi| Avi G‡ÿ‡Î agx©q AvPvi-Abyôvb †_‡K ïiæ K‡i cvidig¨vÝ I w_‡qUvi A¨vb_ª‡cvjwR ch©šÍ gy‡Lvk‡K wN‡i Av‡Q kvixwiK w_‡qUvi| ZvwË¡K/wkíx †hgb, †eªLU, †jKK, †MÖv‡Uvw¯‹ I eªæK Ges GKB m‡½ d¨vwfI, †dv, eviev I gvqvi‡nvì‡KI G‡ÿ‡Î D‡cÿv Kiv hvq bv| gy‡Lvk Kx Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges Kxfv‡e gy‡Lvk‡K e¨envi Kiv nq Ñ GB `y‡Uvi g‡a¨ g~jMZ cv_©K¨ i‡q‡Q| gy‡Lvk Kx Ki‡Z cv‡i G e¨vcv‡i M‡elYvi KvRwU‡K wef³ Kiv hvq `k©‡Ki Ic‡i gy‡Lv‡ki cÖfve Ges gy‡Lvk whwb e¨envi Ki‡Qb Zuvi Ic‡i gy‡Lv‡ki cÖfve Ñ GB `y‡Uv fv‡M| GB `y‡Uv fvM Avm‡j gy‡Lv‡ki Kvh©KvwiZvi Ic‡i wbf©i Ki‡Q| Kv‡Ri w`K †_‡K gy‡Lvk n‡Z cv‡i mvaviYZ cÖwZwbwaZ¡g~jK, Av‡eMc~Y©, mywbw`©ó †Kv‡bv Awfe¨w³g~jK ev QÙ‡ekx| gy‡Lv‡ki GB ai‡bi KvR¸‡jv `k©K‡`i Ic‡iI wfbœ wfbœ cÖwZwµqv m„wó K‡i| b„ZvwË¡K `„wó‡KvY †_‡K gy‡Lvk Zvi `k©K‡`i

wKs BwWcvm bvU‡K B‡qvKv¯Ívi gy‡Lvk

†cvjK Gic‡i gy‡Lvk Kx Ki‡Z cv‡i G m¤ú‡K© e‡j‡Qb :

gy‡Lvk †mB mg¯Í cwiP‡qi wPý‡K jywK‡q iv‡L ev cwieZ©b K‡i, †h¸‡jv Zz‡j a‡i GKUv iƒcvšÍwiZ e¨w³‡K ev Zvi cy‡iv bZzb cwiPqUv‡K| hw`I cÖwZwU ms¯‹…wZ‡Z A‡bK ai‡bi gva¨g i‡q‡Q, †h¸‡jvi mvnv‡h¨ cwiPq‡K Dc¯’vcb Kiv hvq Avi cwiPq cÖKv‡ki †mBme cÖ_vMZ wPý‡K MÖnY Kivi gva¨‡g GKUv gy‡Lvk wb‡RB mg„× nq|

gy‡Lvk : w` I‡iwmqv

Kv‡Q GKUv iƒcK ev cÖZxK wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ nq Ges GwU wkíx‡K `k©K‡`i KvQ †_‡K c„_K K‡i iv‡L Ges GKUv `~iZ¡ m„wó K‡i, †hUv‡K Dcjwäi †ÿ‡Î ejv hvq Gwj‡q‡bkb B‡d±| Av‡iKUz mnRfv‡e ejv hvq, `k©K‡K †Rvi K‡i A_© †evSv‡bvi †P‡q gy‡Lvk `k©K‡`i Zv‡`i g‡Zv K‡i GKUv A_© ˆZwi Ki‡Z †`q Ges GB A‡_©i Av‡jv‡KB Zv‡`i‡K cvidig¨v‡Ýi evZ©vUv Dcjwä Ki‡Z my‡hvM K‡i †`q| GwjRv‡e_ †UvbwKb g‡b K‡ib, gy‡Lvk n‡”Q kw³‡K MÖwš’e× Kivi GKwU gva¨g, Avi GB kw³Uv n‡”Q GKRb e¨w³i wb‡R‡K iƒcvšÍi K‡i Ab¨ GKRb n‡q hvIqv| `k©K‡`i †ÿ‡Î GB kw³Uv n‡jv wb‡Ri †ev‡ai wbqš¿Y I Ávb AR©b| GB we‡kølYUv gvbwmK Ae¯’v I †ev‡ai cÖwZ `„wó cÖ`vb Ki‡jI †cvjK g‡b K‡ib, GB we‡kølYUv GKUv e¨vcv‡i mxgve× n‡q c‡o‡Q, Avi Zv n‡jv : `k©‡Kiv KL‡bvB fv‡eb bv †h gy‡Lvk Kxfv‡e KvR K‡i, eis Zviv fv‡eb †h gy‡Lvk Kx Kx Ki‡Z cv‡i|

†cvj‡Ki fvebv wb‡q cÖPzi M‡elYv n‡q‡Q Avi G‡Z GKUv e¨vcvi †evSv hvq †h, wesk kZvãxi w_‡qUvi PP©vq nq‡Zv ev AZ¨šÍ AmZK©Zvi m‡½ gy‡Lvk e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q| Aek¨ wesk kZvãx‡Z gnovi GKwU Ask wn‡m‡e gy‡Lv‡ki e¨envi †gv‡UB bZzb †Kv‡bv fvebv bq, eis ejv hvq GKwesk kZvãxi w_‡qUvi PP©vi †ÿ‡ÎB GwUi Afve †ek fv‡jvfv‡eB cwijwÿZ nq| cÖ_vMZ cwiPq‡K cwieZ©‡bi Rb¨ gy‡Lv‡ki e¨envi jÿ Kiv hvq †eU©ë †eªL‡Ui bvUK¸‡jv‡Z| wZwb Zuvi bvUK¸‡jv‡Z gy‡Lvk e¨envi K‡i‡Qb `k©K‡K wew”Qbœ K‡i †`Iqvi GKUv Ask wn‡m‡e| gvqvi‡nvì I GWDBb wcmKvU‡ii fvebv-AvwkÖZ GB gy‡Lvk Avm‡j `k©K‡`i GKRb m‡PZb `k©K wn‡m‡e cÖ`k©bxUv †`L‡Z †`q| GUv wMÖK w_‡qUv‡i gy‡Lv‡ki e¨env‡ii Zzjbvq Aek¨ wfbœ, KviY wMÖK w_‡qUv‡i gy‡Lvk e¨envi Kiv n‡Zv ms¯‹…wZ I cvidig¨v‡Ýi †KŠkjMZ Kvi‡Y| wc †gB‡b‡Ki hyw³ : me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© e¨vcviUv n‡jv, GKUv †Lvjv RvqMvq bvU¨wµqv m„wói Rb¨ gy‡Lvk Lye djcÖm~ f‚wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡i| GKRb wkíx gy‡Lvk civi m‡½ m‡½ `k©K‡`i KvQ †_‡K wew”Qbœ n‡q hvb, GUv A‡bKUv AvKl©Y m„wói g‡Zv †h Lye `ªæZB GKUv bvU¨vwfbq ïiæ n‡Z hv‡”Q| Av‡iKUv e¨vcvi n‡jv, GKUv †Lvjv RvqMvq bvUK cwi‡ek‡bi †ÿ‡Î GUv GKUv bv›`wbK gvÎv †hvM K‡i Ges GUv gvbwmK †hvMv‡hvM I `„wó AvKl©‡YiI GKUv Dcvq wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| Avi gy‡Lvk cÖK…Zc‡ÿ Zvi w`‡K gvbyl‡K ZvKv‡ZI eva¨ K‡i|

2. wMÖK w_‡qUvi wMÖK w_‡qUv‡ii DrcwË N‡UwQj Wv‡qvwbmv‡mi Drme‡K †K›`ª K‡i| GB Drm‡e cvidig¨v‡Ýi mgq gy‡Lvk e¨envi Kiv n‡Zv Pwi·K AwZiwÄZ Ges †Rviv‡jv Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨, Avi †mBm‡½ `k©K‡`i mvg‡b PwiÎwU‡K Av‡iv `k©bxq K‡i †ZvjviI GKUv `vq wQj| wMÖK bvUK¸‡jv cwi‡ekb Kiv n‡Zv †Lvjv AvKv‡ki wb‡P Ges wekvj AvKv‡ii wgjbvqZ‡b, †mLv‡b `k©‡Kiv hZ `~‡iB e‡m _vKzK bv †Kb Lye cwi®‹vifv‡e Awf‡bZv‡`i msjvc ïb‡Z †cZ| Avi GUv Kivi Rb¨ Awf‡bZv‡`i nuvUvPjvq _vKZ `„pZv Ges hv AZ¨šÍ ÷vBjvBRW| Awf‡bZviv cy‡iv gyLRy‡oB gy‡Lvk e¨envi KiZ, †mB Zzjbvq †mU ev cÖcm e¨envi KiZ Lye Kg| gy‡Lvk e¨envi Kivi Ab¨Zg cÖavb KviY wQj bvUK

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gy‡Lvk : K‡gwWqv †`j Av‡Z©

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gvqvi‡nv‡ìi wØZxq mËv : W. wWcvwU©Dub

†bB| ïay †gŠwjK K‡gwW Av‡Q| K‡gwWqv †`j Av‡Z©i cvidig¨v‡Ý MfxiZv †bB GB Awf‡hv‡Mi e¨vcv‡i K‡gwWqv †`j Av‡Z©i wkíxiv, †hgb Av‡šÍvwbI dvfv, Rb iæWwjb I `vwiI †dv wØgZ †cvlY K‡i‡Qb| G dvfvi g‡Z :

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evwj©bvi Abmv¤^j-cÖ‡hvwRZ `¨ K‡Kwkqvb PK mv‡K©j bvU‡K Mfb©‡ii ¯¿xi Pwi‡Î †n‡jb I‡q‡Mj

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R¨vK †Kvcy¨

5. †eªLU †eªLU gy‡Lvk‡K Aej¤^b K‡iwQ‡jb wew”QbœZvi GKUv gva¨g wn‡m‡e, hv‡Z `k©Kiv g‡Âi wµqv †_‡K wb‡R‡`i mwi‡q ivL‡Z cv‡ib| †eªLU GUvi bvg w`‡qwQ‡jb Ôwew”QbœZvi cÖfveÕ| Avi GUv ˆZwi n‡qwQj gvqvi‡nvìm„ó Ôbv›`wbKZvi ¯^Ztwbqwš¿Z DcjwäÕi gva¨‡g| †eªL‡Ui gy‡Lvkwbf©i bvU‡Ki g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q K‡Kwkqvb PK mv‡K©j, †hLv‡b AZ¨šÍ ¯úófv‡e e¨envi Kiv n‡qwQj Awfe¨w³wbf©i gy‡Lvk| GB ai‡bi gy‡Lv‡ki e¨envi ïay gyLgЇji Awfe¨w³‡Z AvU‡K bv †_‡K Awf‡bZvi

bvU¨welqK wkÿKiv, huviv BD‡iv‡c cÖwkÿY MÖnY K‡i‡Qb Ges gnovi †ÿ‡Î kvixwiK KmiZ‡K mvivwe‡k¦ Qwo‡q w`‡q‡Qb Zuviv wbðqB Zuv‡`i †kKo wf‡quv Kjw¤^‡q‡K cÖwkÿ‡Yi †K›`ª¯’j wn‡m‡e g‡b K‡ib Ges GB RvqMvwU I R¨vK †Kvcy¨i KvR¸‡jv‡K wbðqB Zuviv fz‡j hvbwb| †Kvcy¨ gvqvi‡nv‡ìi AvKv•ÿv‡KB ev¯Íevqb K‡i‡Qb, †hwU wQj cwðgv we‡k¦ Awf‡bZv‡`i bvU¨ cÖwkÿ‡Yi Dbœq‡bi gva¨‡g cvidig¨v‡Ýi Dbœq‡bi GKwU bZzb c×wZ Lyu‡R †ei Kivi cÖwµqv| DËi Av‡gwiKvq Awf‡bZv‡`i cÖwkÿ‡Yi †ÿ‡Î cvidig¨v‡Ý gb¯ÍvwË¡K mZ¨Uv‡K AbymiY Ki‡Z ejv nq, †hUvi DrcwË ¯Ívwbmøvfw¯‹i Z‡Ë¡i †fZ‡i, Avi GUv‡K MÖnY Kiv n‡”Q bvU¨ cÖwkÿK‡`i wewfbœ gZev‡`i gva¨‡g, D`vniY wn‡m‡e BDUv †n‡Rb I iæWjd ÷vBbv‡ii K_v ejv hvq| Zuv‡`i cÖwµqvUv A‡bKUv BD‡ivc‡Kw›`ªK GKUv c×wZ, †hUv‡Z †Rvi †`Iqv n‡q‡Q kixi Ges Zvi wbqš¿Y‡K, Avi G ai‡bi ZË¡ weKwkZ n‡q‡Q †MÖv‡Uvw¯‹ I gvB‡Kj †mB›U-†Wwb‡mi gva¨‡g| kvixwiK w_‡qUvi I gy‡Lvk wb‡q KvR K‡i‡Qb Ggb K‡qKR‡bi K_v ejv hvq, †hgb Ñ GwZ‡qb †`¨vKz, Ru¨ jyB e¨vië, R¨vK †jKK Ges gvB‡Kj †mB›U-†Wwbm, Zuviv mevB †Kvcy¨i Aax‡bB wkÿv jvf K‡i‡Qb| GQvov Av‡iv K‡qKR‡bi bvg D‡jøL Kiv hvq, huviv wesk kZvãxi cÖ_gw`‡K †Kvcy¨i m‡½ KvR K‡i‡Qb, †hgb Ñ Ru¨ I †gwi-†n‡jb `v‡¯Í, Ru¨ Wiwm, Pvj©m Wvwjb, jyB Ry‡f I gv‡m©j gv‡muv| †Kvcy¨ g‡b Ki‡Zb B‡¤úÖvfvB‡Rkb I Awf‡bZv‡`i cÖwkÿ‡Yi †ÿ‡Î GKwU AZ¨šÍ cÖ‡qvRbxq Dcv`vb n‡jv gy‡Lvk| wZwb g‡b Ki‡Zb, gy‡Lvk GKRb Awf‡bZv‡K Zvi wbR¯^ ev¯ÍeZv‡K †X‡K ivL‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i Ges Zvi wbR¯^ wØav I ms‡KvP‡K `~‡i mwi‡q Zv‡K iƒcvšÍwiZ n‡Z mnvqZv K‡i, d‡j gy‡LvkUv ZLb cvidig¨v‡Ýi gb¯ÍË¡‡K cÖKvk Kivi †ÿ‡Î Awf‡bZv/cvidigv‡ii Rb¨ GKwU gva¨g wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| A_©vr †`Lv hv‡”Q †h gy‡Lvk `yB ai‡bi KvR K‡i, Awf‡bZvi Rb¨ GKUv gb¯ÍvwË¡K I kvixwiK gva¨g wn‡m‡e Ges †mBm‡½ `k©K‡`i Rb¨ GKUv iƒcK wn‡m‡e| wZwb g‡b Ki‡Zb †h, gy‡Lvk GKRb Awf‡bZv‡K Zuvi gyLgЇji Awfe¨w³i cÖwZ g‡bv‡hvM bv w`‡q †hvMv‡hv‡Mi gva¨g wn‡m‡e Zuv‡K kix‡ii cÖwZ wek¦vm ¯’vcb Ki‡Z mnvqZv K‡i| gvqvi‡nv‡ìi g‡ZvB, BDwi`wgK‡mi Q›` I aviYvi ZË¡ †hUv D™¢veb K‡iwQ‡jb Avwàqv I `vj‡µvR

†mUv n‡q c‡owQj Zvi g~j `k©b| w_‡qUvi‡K cybM©V‡bi Rb¨ †Kvcy¨i AwfhvbUv ïiæ n‡qwQj ÔZviKv cÖ_vi ÿwZKi cÖfve Ges evwYwR¨K ¯^v_©mvabÕ‡K _vwg‡q †`Iqvi AvKv•ÿv †_‡K| Zuvi Av‡iKwU AvKv•ÿv wQj Awf‡bZv‡`i wZwb cvidig¨v‡Ýi wfwËg~‡j wdwi‡q Avb‡eb Ges mnRjä PvZzixUv‡K `~i K‡i †`‡eb| kvixwiK KmiZ I Q‡›`i w`‡K `„wó wbe× Ki‡Z wM‡q †Kvcy¨ †Kb cÖwkÿ‡Yi gva¨g wn‡m‡e gy‡Lvk †e‡Q wb‡qwQ‡jb †mUv m¤ú‡K© A¨vwjmb nR Lye Aí K_vq e‡j‡Qb :

wZwb (†Kvcy¨) KL‡bv KL‡bv gnov †k‡l e‡m _vK‡Zb Ges g‡Âi Ic‡i KvVwgw¯¿‡`i KvR †`L‡Zb| Zv‡`i KvRUv‡K Zuvi Kv‡Q g‡b n‡Zv msKíe×, Q›`gq I AZ¨šÍ AvšÍwiK| A_P gnovi mg‡q Awf‡bZv‡`i KvRUv‡K Zuvi Kv‡Q g‡b n‡Zv A¯^vfvweK Ges Zviv †hb †Rvi K‡i gnovUv Ki‡Q Ñ Zv‡`i †fZ‡i wkíKzkjZvi Afve i‡q‡Q|

†Kvcy¨ Zuvi fvebv¸‡jv‡K Kv‡R cwiYZ Kivi Rb¨ Zuvi bvU‡Ki ¯‹j z Uv‡K e¨envi K‡iwQ‡jb| cÖ_‡g wZwb QqRb‡K wb‡q ïiæ K‡iwQ‡jb Ges Zuvi jÿ¨ wQj ZiæY‡`i cvkvcvwk eq¯‹‡`iI wZwb cÖwkÿY †`‡eb| Avm‡j †mB mgqUv‡Z †ek A‡bKfv‡eB wf‡quv Kjw¤^‡q n‡q c‡owQj bvU¨wkÿvi GKUv AbymiY‡hvM¨ †K‡›`ª, †hLv‡b cÖ‡hvRbv ˆZwii cÖwµqvUv †ek fv‡jvfv‡eB m¤úv`b nw”Qj| GB cÖwkÿY †K›`ªUv GLb m‡i G‡m‡Q k¨vZz `¨ †gv_vB‡j Ges bvgaviY K‡i‡Q †j †Kvwcqvm| †mB mgqKvi cÖ‡hvRbv¸‡jv‡Z K‡gwWqv †`j Av‡Z©i gy‡Lvk e¨envi Kiv n‡Zv, Avi cÖwkÿ‡Yi mgq †Kvcy¨i Awf‡bZv‡`i †ek K‡qKUv e¨vcv‡i `„wówbe× Ki‡Z n‡Zv : k¦vmcÖk¦vm, Zvj I kvixwiK KmiZ| G cÖm‡½ A¨vwjmb n‡Ri e¨vL¨v :

gy‡Lv‡ki ÿgZv m¤ú‡K© †Kvcy¨ †ek m‡PZb wQ‡jb, Avi GB m‡PZbZv Awf‡bZv‡`i cÖwkÿY Ges cvidig¨v‡Ýi †ÿ‡ÎI †`Lv †M‡Q, KviY †m mgqUv‡Z wZwb †µB‡Mi (GWIqvW© MW©b) m‡½ KvR KiwQ‡jb| GB gy‡Lv‡ki e¨vcviUv nVvr K‡iB Zvi Kv‡Ri †fZ‡i cÖ‡ek K‡iwQj| wZwb GKevi wf‡quv Kjw¤^‡q‡Z GKwU `„‡k¨i gnov KiwQ‡jb, †mB mgq Zvi GK Awf‡bÎx evievi GKB RvqMvq †_‡g hvw”Qj Ges bovPov Ki‡Z cviwQj bv Ñ nq‡Zv Zvi i³ PjvPj eÜ n‡q hvw”Qj, †Kvcy¨ GUv †`‡L †ek wbivk n‡q cowQ‡jb| Gici wZwb nVvr K‡i Zuvi iægvjUv w`‡q Awf‡bÎxi gyLUv †X‡K †`b Ges cÖvq m‡½ m‡½B Awf‡bÎxi kixiUv Kg©ÿg n‡q I‡V I PgrKvifv‡e Awfe¨w³ cÖKvk Ki‡Z _v‡K, Avm‡j Zvi gyLUvB Zv‡K evav w`w”Qj| GB wbixÿvUv c‡i ¯‹z‡ji wkÿv_x©‡`i g‡a¨I cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq, Ges G Kv‡R ZLb e¨envi Kiv n‡Zv gyL XvKvi †gvRv ev Kvco|

†Kvcy¨ gy‡Lvk e¨envi Ki‡Zb Zuvi Awf‡bZv‡`i cvidig¨v‡Ýi mgqUv‡Z Zv‡`i kixi‡K wbqš¿‡Yi myweav †`Iqvi Rb¨| wZwb †MBgm e¨envi Ki‡Zb, †hUv wQj †KB_ Rb÷‡bi Kv‡Ri GKUv c~ev© fvm| †Kvcy¨i ˆZwi

R¨vK †jKK

Kiv ÔAv`k© gy‡LvkÕ cieZx©Kv‡j wbi‡cÿ Awfe¨w³i gy‡Lvk ˆZwii Øvi Ly‡j w`‡qwQj, †hUv n‡q c‡owQj †jK‡Ki mgv_©K| GB mg¯Í ZË¡ I wg‡Pj †Wwb‡mi ZË¡B Bs‡iR‡`i Awfbq HwZ‡n¨i iƒcvšÍi NwU‡q‡Q, hv eZ©gv‡b Awf‡bZv‡`i bvU¨ cÖwkÿ‡Yi GKwU g~j Dcv`v‡b cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| 7. †jKK R¨vK †jKK gy‡Lv‡ki e¨envi Ges Awf‡bZv‡`i cÖwkÿ‡Yi e¨vcv‡i †Kvcy¨i fvebv¸‡jv‡K Av‡iv mg„× K‡i‡Qb| Avi MW©b Zuvi `¨ cvc©vm Ae †cøBs : gWvb© A¨vKwUs w_Iwim Bb cvm©‡cw±f MÖ‡š’ wj‡L‡Qb Ñ

Rywj ZvBgi-wb‡`©wkZ jvqb wKs

c‡b‡iv eQi a‡i d«vÝ I weª‡U‡b bvU¨vwfbq, wb‡`©kbv I bvUK †jLvi †ÿ‡Î R¨vK †jK‡Ki wkÿKZv D‡jøL‡hvM¨ cÖfve †i‡L‡Q| wKš‘ BwZnv‡mi me‡P‡q cwinv‡mi e¨vcviUv n‡jv, †jK‡Ki AbycvÖ wYZ w_‡qUvi †Kv¤úvwb¸‡jv, †hgb Ñ jÛ‡bi w_‡qUvi wW KgwcømvBU 1980 I 1990 mv‡ji w`‡K †Kvcy¨i †gŠwjK ZË¡¸‡jv‡K Avev‡iv cÖeZ©b Ki‡Z †P‡qwQj weª‡U‡bi bvU¨wkÿvi †fZ‡i, †hUv wg‡Pj †mB›U-†Wwbm 1950 I 1960 mv‡ji w`‡K Ki‡Z †P‡qI cy‡ivcywi mdj n‡Z cv‡ibwb| †jKK wb‡RB †Kvcy¨i c×wZ¸‡jv wewfbœ wkÿ‡Ki KvQ †_‡K wk‡LwQ‡jb, huviv wf‡quv Kjw¤^‡q ev †Kv¤úvwb wW Kvb&‡Ri m`m¨ wQ‡jb|

†jKK †`‡LwQ‡jb †h, gy‡Lvk GKRb Awf‡bZv‡K †gwK ¯^fveev` †_‡K `~‡i mwi‡q ivL‡Z cv‡i Ges GKB m‡½ D™¢U I ev¯ÍeZv‡K †ei K‡i Avb‡Z cv‡i| g~j e¨vcviUv n‡jv Awf‡bZvwU †h Pwi‡Î cvidg© Ki‡Q, †m †hb †mUv m¤ú‡K© cy‡ivcywi m‡PZb _vK‡Z cv‡i| GKBfv‡e GB mgqKvi myRwy K I wcUvi eªæ‡Ki wPšÍvfvebvi g‡ZvB, †jKK Awf‡bZv‡`i Zv‡`i Avw`g ˆRe cÖK…wZi m‡½ cybivq hy³ Ki‡Z †P‡q‡Qb, Avi GUvi gva¨‡g Zv‡`i †evSv‡Z †P‡q‡Qb †h Zviv †Kv‡bvfv‡eB GKUv weg~Z© wbixÿvg~jK e¯‘ bq| cÖwkÿ‡Yi ïiæ‡Z Ab¨Zg †h e¨vcviUvi m‡½ †jKK Zuvi QvÎQvÎx‡`i cwiPq Kwi‡q w`‡Zb †mUv n‡jv

gy‡Lv‡ki e¨envi, Avi GUv wQj c×wZMZ Ges wkÿvMZfv‡eB B‡¤úÖvfvB‡Rkb I bvU‡KiB GKUv Ask| G m¤ú‡K© MW©‡bi e¨vL¨v :

g~jZ Awf‡bZv‡K Zvi Pvicv‡ki RM‡Zi †fZ‡i D‡b¥vPb K‡i †`q gy‡Lvk| GUv Zv‡K D`&NvUb, Ams‡KvP Ges gyw³‡K MÖnY Kivi g‡Zv GKUv Ae¯’vq †cuŠ‡Q †`q| GUv Zv‡K ïiæi m‡ZRZvmnKv‡i Avw` Dcv`vb¸‡jv‡K †`Lv, †kvbv, Abyfe I ¯úk© Kivi my‡hvM †`q| Avcwb hLbB GKUv wbi‡cÿ Awfe¨w³i gy‡Lvk ci‡eb ZLbB g‡b n‡Z cv‡i †h, Avcwb GKUv PwiÎ MÖnY Ki‡Qb, wKš‘ Avm‡j Avcwb †Kv‡bv PwiÎ MÖnY Ki‡Qb bv, Avcwb cwiYZ n‡q‡Qb GKUv wbi‡cÿ mËvq|

†jK‡Ki wkÿY cÖwµqvi g~j e¨vcviUvB wQj wbi‡cÿ Awfe¨w³i gy‡Lv‡ki e¨envi| †jKK I Avg‡j‡Zv mvi‡Zvwi wbixÿvg~jKfv‡e Pvgovi ˆZwi wbi‡cÿ gy‡Lvk e¨envi ïiæ K‡iwQ‡jb, †hUv eZ©gvb hy‡MI cÖwkÿ‡Yi mgq e¨envi Kiv nq| Zuv‡`i `yR‡bi GB c`‡ÿcwU Pvgov w`‡q gy‡Lvk ˆZwii e¨vcviwU‡K cybivq cÖeZ©‡bi c_ †`wL‡q‡Q| GB gy‡Lvk¸‡jv Awfbq-cÖwkÿ‡Yi Rb¨ eZ©gv‡b e¨envi Kiv nq| GUv Awf‡bZv‡`i kvixwiK Kjv‡KŠk‡ji gva¨‡g ÁvbvR©b Ki‡Z mnvqZv K‡i, †hUv Zv‡`i gb¯ÍË¡‡KB wb‡`©k K‡i| †jK‡Ki fvebv¸‡jv wQj Avm‡j gvqvi‡nv‡ìi fvebviB cÖwZaŸwb| g„Zz¨i Av‡M †jKK ïay c¨vwi‡mi †fZ‡iB mycwiwPZ wQ‡jb, Z‡e g„Zz¨i c‡i Zuvi KvR wb‡q †jLv‡jwL ïiæ n‡Z _v‡K Ges Zuvi †jLv¸‡jvI cÖKvwkZ n‡Z _v‡K, d‡j wZwb mvivwe‡k¦i Kv‡QB AZ¨šÍ cwiwPZ n‡q I‡Vb| R¨vK †jK‡Ki cÖfvewe¯ÍviKvix c×wZ¸‡jv eZ©gv‡b †`Lv hvq gyf‡g›U cÖwkÿY Ges B‡¤úÖvfvB‡Rk‡bi wewfbœ Kv‡Ri ms‡hvMKvix wn‡m‡e, †hUv A‡÷ªwjqvq Av‡iv GKUz GwM‡q wb‡q †M‡Qb †KB_ Rb÷b Ges wjb wcqvm© Zuv‡`i w_‡qUvi †¯úvU©‡mi Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g| †jKK †hfv‡e gy‡Lvk e¨envi K‡i‡Qb †mUvi cÖfve cÖPzi cwigv‡Y c‡o‡Q bvU¨ cÖwkÿ‡Yi Ic‡i| †mB›U-†Wwb‡mi g‡ZvB, †hUv‡K wZwb e‡j‡Qb ÔdwjZ †KŠkjÕ, †mUv wbweofv‡e jvev‡bi Z‡Ë¡i Lye KvQvKvwQ g‡b n‡jI Ggb †Kv‡bv cÖgvY cvIqv hvqwb †h †jKK jvev‡bi ZË¡¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© Rv‡bb, eis †jK‡Ki ZË¡Uv Avm‡j †jKK wb‡RB ˆZwi K‡i‡Qb| K‡gwWqv †`j Av‡Z© wb‡q AvU eQi cixÿv-wbixÿv Kivi ci †jKK wb‡RB cÖwZôv K‡i‡Qb Ôwj‡Kvj B›Uvib¨vwkI‡bj †` w_qv‡Î R¨vK †jKKÕ| †jK‡Ki c×wZ¸‡jv jvev‡bi c×wZ¸‡jvi m‡½ wg‡j hvIqvUv Lye GKUv Avð‡h©i wKQy bq| wZwb ÔA¨v‡mvwm‡qkb Uªv‡fj GZ& KvjPv‡iÕ cvidigvi wn‡m‡e †hvM †`Iqvi Av‡M wQ‡jb GKRb µxov wkÿK| wØZxq wek¦hy‡×i c‡i BZvwj‡Z wZwb ivRbxwZ‡Z Rwo‡q c‡owQ‡jb Ges d¨vwmev`we‡ivax `k©‡b wek¦vmx wQ‡jb| gy‡Lvk wb‡q G mgqUv‡ZB wZwb AZ¨šÍ `ÿZvi cwiPq

w_‡qUvi `¨ †mv‡jB-cÖ‡hvwRZ Bwd‡Rwbqv wb‡`©kbv : Avwiqvb bykwKb

w`‡qwQ‡jb| Zvic‡i 1956 mv‡j c¨vwi‡m P‡j Av‡mb Ges †mLv‡bB Zuvi cÖ_g ¯‹zjUv Pvjy K‡ib| wdwjc †Mvwj‡q I gwbKv †cMwbDKm wQ‡jb Zuvi QvÎ| kixi wb‡q KZfv‡e †Ljv hvq Ges Kxfv‡e GUv‡K wbqš¿Y Kiv hvq, Gme wb‡q Zuviv wZbRb GK‡Î KvR K‡i‡Qb| †cMwbDKm Aek¨ cieZx© mg‡q wcUvi eªæ‡Ki m‡½ KvR Kivi Rb¨ wmAvBAviwU‡Z P‡j wM‡qwQ‡jb Ges Gic‡i wZwb Kgwcøwm‡Ui m‡½I KvR K‡i‡Qb| †jK‡Ki µgvMZ cÖfve Ges †Kvcy¨ I gvqvi‡nv‡ìi

cÖ‡Póv Ges †mBm‡½ Av‡iv A‡b‡Ki cÖ‡Póv, huviv Zuv‡`i ü`‡q kvixwiK w_‡qUvi‡K aviY K‡ib, Zuv‡`i Kvi‡YB w_‡qUv‡i kixi‡K e¨envi Kivi †h we‡ivwaZv wQj †mUv `~i n‡q †M‡Q| wK‡d I gvwi m¤úvw`Z wdwRK¨vj w_‡qUvm© : Av wµwUK¨vj wiWv‡i GB weKí aviv m¤ú‡K© GKUv eY©bv cvIqv hvq :

†jKK, †cMwbDKm I †Mvwj‡q ÔcÖwkÿ‡YÕi GKwU weKí aib Dc¯’vcb K‡iwQ‡jb Ôc×wZÕ I ÔcÖYvjxÕ †_‡K Ges Zv‡`i Abymvixiv wb‡R‡`i‡K wb‡qvM K‡iwQj gb¯ÍË¡ I †cÖiYv wb‡q KvR Kivi w`‡K : GUv Ggb GKUv e¨vcvi †hUv AZ¨šÍ Mfx‡i Ae¯’vb K‡i, †hUv cvðv‡Z¨ AZUv cwiwPZ bq|

8. Avwiqvb bykwKb I Rywj ZvBgi Avwiqvb bykwKb I Rywj ZvBgi (Zuviv `yR‡bB Ôwj‡Kvj B›Uvib¨vwkI‡bj †` w_qv‡Î R¨vK †jK‡KÕ cov‡kvbv K‡i‡Qb), Zuv‡`i KvR¸‡jvB Avm‡j eZ©gv‡b gy‡Lvk wb‡q wewfbœ cvidig¨vÝ I cÖwkÿY c×wZi g~j cÖwZg~wZ©| ZvBg‡ii KvR¸‡jv‡Z _v‡K AmvaviY GK bv›`wbK wPÎKí| Zuvi me‡P‡q mdj cÖ‡hvRbv jvqb wKs‡q †`Lv hvq gy‡Lvk I Ava¨vwZ¥KZvi AZ¨šÍ PgrKvi wgkÖY| ZvBg‡ii KvR¸‡jv gvqvi‡nvì I †eªLU‡KB g‡b Kwi‡q †`q| Avi Zuvi KvR¸‡jv‡Z AZ¨šÍ `ÿZvi m‡½ wPwÎZ GKUv mywPwšÍZ Kb÷ªvKwUwf÷ ÷vBj _v‡K, †hUv `k©K

†m›Uvi di Gwkqvb w_‡qUvi (wmGwU)-cÖ‡hvwRZ bvUK `¨ wgkb wb‡`©kbv : KvgvjDwÏb bxjy

w`wjø b¨vkbvj ¯‹zj Ae Wªvgv-cÖ‡hvwRZ bvUK b¨vwUfwc‡qi wb‡`©kbv : KvgvjDwÏb bxjy

MÖnY K‡i‡Qb Ges mgv‡jvPKivI cQ›` K‡i‡Qb| G cÖm‡½ DBb¯‹U I †d¬Pvi gZ :

ZvBgi †P‡qwQ‡jb Ggb GKUv Dc¯’vcb‡hvM¨ †mU, †hUv †m‡Ui Av‡iv K‡qKwU As‡ki PjvP‡j evav m„wó Ki‡e bv ev cv‡cU¸‡jv‡KI wVKg‡Zv KvR Ki‡Z †`‡e| Avi Gi d‡j m„wó n‡qwQj GKUv Rv`yKix cwi‡ekbv|

bykwKb cÖPÐfv‡e AbycÖvwYZ n‡q‡Qb †jKK, †Kvcy¨ I gvqvi‡nv‡ìi gva¨‡g| Avi G Kvi‡YB w_‡q‡Î `y¨ †mv‡jB‡qi cwiPvjK _vKvKv‡j wZwb Zuvi cÖ‡hvRbv¸‡jv‡Z cÖPzi cwigv‡Y A™¢zZ Ges K‡gwWqv ÷vBj e¨envi

K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi GiKgB GKUv cÖ‡hvRbvi bvg n‡jv 1789| nR ej‡Qb, ÔbykwKb Zuvi mviv Kg©Rxe‡b `k©K I Awf‡bZv‡`i g‡a¨i wewbgq‡K cybiæ¾xweZ Kivi c_ Ly‡u R †M‡Qb, Avi G Kvi‡YB wZwb mgv‡Ri cÖvmw½K I GKvšÍ cÖ‡qvRbxq welqe¯‘¸‡jv‡K †e‡Q wb‡qwQ‡jb| bykwK‡bi KvR¸‡jv Avm‡j cvidig¨v‡Ýi Dr‡mi w`‡K `„wó w`Z, bvUKxqZvi gva¨‡g `k©K‡`i gvby‡li Mí ejZ| G‡ÿ‡Î bykwK‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨i m‡½ wgj Lyu‡R cvIqv hvq eviev, eªæK I †MÖv‡Uvw¯‹i cÖ‡hvRbv msµvšÍ Av`‡k©i m‡½| Avi Zuv‡`i g‡ZvB bykwKb AbycÖvwYZ n‡q‡Qb K‡gwWqv †`j Av‡Z©i kvixwiK Kjv‡KŠkj Ges wek¦ bvU¨PP©vi gva¨‡g| me‡P‡q D‡jøL‡hvM¨ e¨vcviUv n‡jv,

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wZwb gy‡Lv‡ki e¨envi cÖ_g ïiæ K‡iwQ‡jb Zuvi eû Av‡Mi GKwU KvR KvwcZvb d«vKv‡m bvU‡K, †mLv‡b wZwb e¨envi K‡iwQ‡jb K‡gwWqv †`j Av‡Z©i gy‡Lvk, cieZ©x mg‡q jv GBR wWÕIi bvU‡KI wZwb GB gy‡Lvk e¨envi K‡i‡Qb| GB bvU‡K wZwb evgcš’x ivRbxwZ‡K Zz‡j a‡iwQ‡jb Ges d«v‡Ý ivRbxwZi Kvi‡Y hviv †`kZ¨vM K‡iwQj Zv‡`i K_v e‡jwQ‡jb, Avi GB Kv‡R wZwb e¨envi K‡iwQ‡jb HwZn¨evnx K‡gwWqvi PwiÎ| bykwKb Aby‡cÖiYv jvf K‡i‡Qb gvqvi‡nv‡ìi KvQ †_‡K, we‡kl K‡i Zuvi GKwU cÖ‡hvRbv †dqviMÖvDÛ ey_ †_‡K| bykwKb 1980 I 1990 mv‡ji w`‡K Zuvi Av‡iv K‡qKwU cÖ‡hvRbvq gy‡Lv‡ki wewfbœ dg© e¨envi K‡iwQ‡jb, we‡kl K‡i wmûK Ges `¨ I‡iw÷qv cÖ‡hvRbv `y‡Uvi K_v ejvB hvq| bykwK‡bi †ÿ‡Î bvU‡Ki gnov I cÖ`k©bx Dfq RvqMvqB gy‡Lv‡ki e¨envi wQj Acwinvh©| Kg©kvjvq Ges B‡¤úÖvfvB‡Rk‡bi mgq bykwKb Awf‡bZv‡`i my‡hvM K‡i w`‡Zb Ggbfv‡e, †hb Zviv gy‡LvkUv e¨envi K‡i wb‡R‡`i cÖKZ … fv‡e Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z cv‡i| Kw÷Dg I gyf‡g‡›Ui †ÿ‡ÎI wZwb Awf‡bZv‡`i GKB K_v ej‡Zb, †hb Zviv hZUv e¨envi Ki‡Z cvi‡e wVK ZZUvB †hb Awf‡bZviv MÖnY K‡i, Zvi AwZwi³ wKQy bq| Awf‡bZviv ZLb Zv‡`i g‡Zv K‡i mewKQy e¨envi K‡i cÖ‡hvRbvwUi `„k¨¸‡jv ˆZwi KiZ| Z‡e g~j welqe¯‘ wba©viY K‡i w`‡Zb bykwKb wb‡RB| bykwKb cÖvP¨ I cvðv‡Z¨i ms¯‹w… Z‡K hy³ K‡i‡Qb Zuvi Uz‡qjd_ bvBU I †j Avw·` bvU‡K| GB ai‡bi bvUK ˆZwi K‡i eªæK I evievÕI A‡bK cÖksmv AR©b K‡i‡Qb Ges cÖfvweZI K‡i‡Qb Ab¨‡`i| eªæK Zuvi AvšÍtmvs¯‹w… ZK fvebv¸‡jv Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb Zuvi `¨ evW©m Ges `¨ gnvfviZ bvU‡K| Z‡e G‡ÿ‡Î GKUz ZK© n‡Z cv‡i †h GB bvUK¸‡jv hZUv bv AvšÍtmvs¯‹…wZK fvebv AvwkÖZ, ZZUvB Avm‡j GKUv mvs¯‹…wZK AvMÖvmb| hvB †nvK, GKvwaK

mvs¯‹…wZK HwZ‡n¨i ¯^xK…wZ Ges we‡kl K‡i GB ai‡bi cÖ‡hvRbvq gy‡Lv‡ki e¨enviUv Av‡iKwU `„wó‡KvY †_‡K †`Lv †h‡Z cv‡i †h GwU Avm‡j GKwU Acwðgv ms¯‹w… ZiI ˆeaZvi ¯^xK…wZ, †hUv wbR I A‡b¨i g‡a¨i m¤úK©Uv wb‡q AZ¨šÍ we¯Í…Zfv‡e Av‡jvPbvi my‡hvM K‡i w`‡”Q| wewfbœ ai‡bi ms¯‹…wZ-AvwkÖZ gy‡Lv‡ki wewfbœ dg© e¨envi KivUv Awfbqwkíx I `k©K‡`i †ÿ‡ÎI AvZ¥-cÖwZdj‡bi GKUv my‡hvM ˆZwi K‡i †`q| DwjøwLZ bvU¨ wb‡`©kKiv cvidig¨vÝ I gnovq gy‡Lv‡ki e¨envi K‡i bvU¨ mgv‡jvPK‡`i †Pv‡L eûjfv‡e cÖkswmZ n‡q‡Qb Ges bvU¨cÖwµqv I bvU¨ cÖ‡hvRbvi †ÿ‡Î Av`k© n‡q Av‡Qb| GUv Lye ¯úó, wewkó Ges m„Rbkxj bvU¨ wb‡`©kKiv memgqB Zuv‡`i Kv‡Ri ga¨ w`‡q GUv cÖgvY K‡i‡Qb †h, gy‡Lvk ïay AvaywbK hy‡Mi Awf‡bZv‡`i cÖwkÿ‡Yi †ÿ‡ÎB cÖvmw½K bq, eis GUv cÖwkÿY cÖwµqv‡KI mg„× K‡i| GKwesk kZvãx‡Z MYgva¨g I we‡bv`‡bi Ab¨vb¨ gva¨‡gi µgvMZ Pv‡ci gy‡LI hw` w_‡qUvi PP©v‡K cÖvmw½K Ki‡Z nq, Zvn‡j Avgv‡`i‡K GKUz AZx‡Zi w`‡K ZvKv‡Z n‡e, Avi Zvn‡jB Avgiv fwel¨‡Zi c_Uv Lyu‡R cve Ges Ae¨vnZfv‡e w_‡qUv‡i bZzb bZzb Dcv`vb †hvM Ki‡Z cvie I GUv‡Z bZzbfv‡e kw³ mÂvi Ki‡Z cvie| Avi gy‡LvkB GUv m¤¢e K‡i Zzj‡e| kvixwiK w_‡qUvi wb‡q huviv †jLv‡jwL K‡ib, †hgb, †Rvbv_b wc‡Pm, †gj MW©b Ges Av‡iv Ab¨vb¨ †jL‡Ki †jLv wb‡q Rb wKwd I mvBgb gvwi GKwU eB wj‡L‡Qb wdwRK¨vj w_‡qUvm© : Av wµwUK¨vj wiWvi bv‡g| GUv Lye gRvi †h, GB eBUvi †ewkifvM †jLvB †Kvcy¨ I †jK‡Ki QvÎQvÎx‡`i †K›`ª K‡iB, wKsev ejv hvq †jLv¸‡jv gy‡Lvk‡K Awf‡bZv ˆZwii gva¨g wn‡m‡e Zz‡j aivi GKUv ewntcÖKvk| Z‡e GKwesk kZvãxi cÖ‡hvRbv¸‡jvi Rb¨ bvU¨ cÖwkÿ‡Yi GKUv gva¨g wn‡m‡e gy‡Lv‡ki MfxiZv ev Av‡e`b Avm‡jB KZUv Av‡Q? jÿ K‡i †`Lv †M‡Q †h, wesk kZvãxi A‡bK weL¨vZ bvU¨ wb‡`©kK bvU¨ cÖ‡hvRbv I bvU¨ cÖwkÿ‡Yi Rb¨ cÖPzi gy‡Lvk e¨envi K‡i‡Qb| myZivs Gme we‡ePbv K‡iB ejv hvq †h, cieZx© cÖR‡b¥i bvU¨Kgx© Ges bvU¨ wkÿvcÖwZôv‡bi GLbB DwPZ n‡e GKwesk kZvãxi AZ¨šÍ m„Rbkxj I cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK w_‡qUv‡ii Rb¨ gy‡Lvk‡K GKUv Awfbq gva¨g wn‡m‡e cybtcÖeZ©b Kiv Ges †mUv‡K wbqwgZ e¨envi Kiv| mgvwßK_b GZÿY a‡i Avwg wek^ Z_v cvðvZ¨ w_‡qUv‡ii g‡a¨ gy‡Lvk‡K m‡½ wb‡q †Nviv‡div Kijvg, ejvi †Póv Kijvg w_‡qUv‡ii bvbviƒ‡ci g‡a¨ Kxfv‡e Gi emevm, bvbvfv‡e Gi e¨envi I cÖ‡qvRbxqZvi K_v Zz‡j aijvg| wfbœ wfbœfv‡e Gi cÖ‡qv‡Mi e¨vL¨v †`Iqvi †Póv Kijvg| †Kb Ges Kxfv‡e c„w_exi, we‡kl K‡i cvðv‡Z¨i bvU¨ wb‡`©kK I cvidigviiv Gi †KŠkjUv‡K iß Kivi cvkvcvwk G‡K

†m›Uvi di Gwkqvb w_‡qUvi (wmGwU)-cÖ‡hvwRZ bvUK `¨ KwgDwb‡KUi wb‡`©kbv : KvgvjDwÏb bxjy

e¨envi K‡i Zuv‡`i ˆkwíK KvR¸‡jv‡K A_©c~Y© K‡i Zz‡j‡Qb : KL‡bv Zuviv gy‡Lvk‡K bvU¨µxovi GKUv †KŠkj wn‡m‡e e¨envi K‡i‡Qb; KL‡bvev wmwbK wWfvB‡mi Ask wn‡m‡e e¨envi K‡i bvU¨ cÖKv‡ki fvlvi GKUv AwZwi³ gvÎv †`Iqvi †Póv K‡i‡Qb; KL‡bvev gy‡Lvk‡K ivR‰bwZK †KŠkj wn‡m‡e e¨envi K‡i‡Qb; KL‡bv Avevi mgv‡Ri ÿgZvmxb Pwiθ‡jv‡K e¨½vZ¥Kfv‡e `k©‡Ki gv‡S nvwRi K‡i‡Qb, K‡gwWqv †`j Av‡Z©i AbyKi‡Y| KL‡bvev ivóªh‡š¿i evK&¯v^ axbZvi wbqš¿‡Yi nvwZqvi ÔAby‡gv`b-AvwaKvwiK Kg©Õ‡K Avovj Kivi j‡ÿ¨| KL‡bvev e¨envi K‡i‡Qb Awfb‡qi DrKl© mva‡bi R‡b¨ ev Awfb‡qi c×wZMZ cÖwkÿ‡Yi Kv‡R|

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Avgiv Ggb GK mg‡qi g‡a¨ AvU‡K c‡owQ hLb Avgv‡`i gyL¸‡jv †X‡K †i‡L‡Q wewPÎ me i‡Oi gy‡Lvk Ges G‡`i‡K m‡½ wb‡q Avgiv †nu‡U P‡jwQ A™¢zZ GK mg‡qi g‡a¨| GUv Ggb GK mgq hLb gy‡Lvk Avgv‡`i kix‡ii Pvgovi m‡½ AvU‡K c‡o‡Q, kix‡ii Pvgov bv Qvov‡bv Aewa G gy‡Lvk KL‡bvB Ly‡j †djv m¤¢e bq|

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