vi
SNAPPER CONSORTIUM
Executive Summary
This is the third annual ‘State of the Fishery’ report of the Snapper Consortium covering 2019-2021, supported by the David and Lucile Packard Foundation (Packard Foundation) and Walton Family Foundation (WFF).1,2 The snapper fishery3 is one of three archetypal Indonesian fisheries supported by the Packard Foundation and WFF investments through the Snapper Consortium. Members include The Nature Conservancy-Nusantara Nature Conservation Foundation (TNC-YKAN); Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS); Sustainable Fisheries Partnership (SFP); Ocean Conservancy; and the Tropical Landscapes Finance Facility (TLFF) who joined in 2021. The Consortium works at the national level and in three Fisheries Management Areas (WPP) in southern and southwestern Indonesia (713, 718, and 573). Progress is measured using 18 indicators related to a Theory of Change and a joint work plan mutually agreed upon by Consortium members. The indicators fall under four categories: Fishery Health
Industry Initiatives
Institutions, Governance, Management, and Policy
Communications
Fishery Health – Indicators A, B, C, D There are four indicators used to measure the health status of the snapper fishery, as described below, with the 2021 results for each: Indicator A: Spawning potential ratio (SPR) represents the health status of three species of snapper and one species of grouper across three focal WPPs chosen by the Consortium to somewhat represent the fishery. Employing TNC-YKAN’s use of SPRs as one of four proxy indicators for estimating stock health, the 2021 SPRs (expressed as % SPR) are as follows for WPP 713, 718, and 573, respectively: Pristipomoides multidens – 11%, 17%, and 7%; Lutjanus malabaricus – 8%, 14%, and 5%; Aphaerus rutilans – 7%, no catch reported, and 2%; and Epinephelus areolatus – 10%, 18%, and 14%. Note that these figures are approximate and do not include error bars. A stable SPR of at least 30% to 40% indicates a fair stock health status, but ideally, higher SPR targets are set for the longer-living species of snappers. With most stocks below the point of impaired recruitment, this fishery is overfished. Currently, there is still no effective management or restrictions on the fishery, so overfishing continues unabated.
Indicator B: Catch per unit effort (CPUE) was estimated for a subset of priority fishing gears in selected fishing grounds, showing considerable variability across the fishery. The data remains noisy; more years of data are needed to reveal trends.
Indicator C: As snapper fishing capacity is a biennial indicator; with no data collected in 2020, this indicator is currently based on 2019 and 2021 data. In 2021, the fishery is still dominated by small boats of less than 5GT (nano category), which numbered 8,167 units. In addition, there were 2,075 boats of 5-10GT (small), 1,007 boats of >10-30GT (medium), and another 287 boats of >30GT (large). There is considerable variability across the WPPs, with WPP 713 primarily dominated by boats in the ‘nano’ category while WPP 718 and 573 have a bigger proportion of larger boats. The data also shows a marked reduction in fishing capacity, with many large boats moving out of the fishery (large vertical drop line fleet), reducing by 19% overall, with a 14% reduction in the seasonal fleet. In comparison, the small and medium-sized boats have shifted their fishing pressure to WPPs 573 and 713, which shows an increase in fishing capacity by 145% and 63%, respectively.
1 For more details on the history of this publication and to review the 2019 data, see Snapper Coalition Baseline Report 2019.pdf - Google Drive. 2 For the 2020 State of the Snapper Fishery, see https://bit.ly/snapperfisheryreport2020 3 As used in this report, the term ‘snapper fishery’ applies broadly to include Lutjanidae (snappers), Epinephelidae (groupers), Sciaenidae (croakers), Lethrinidae (emperors), Carangidae (jacks and trevallies), and Hemulidae (grunts).
kg 24 hr
GT
