Julia L. B

April 15, 1775

Julia Lee B

USWEEKLY Learn How To Use A pg.45

Musket!

DIY Gray Powder for Your Hair! pg. 23

KING GEORGE III STRIKES

Again!

The Stamp Act pgs. 2-3 Boston Massacre ps. 3-4 The Boston Tea Party pg 4

$1.25

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ver 6,000 people cry from the pain O that King George created. Hundreds of children wishing for this to end, thousands of parents wishing for survival instead of starvation. You will learn what, where, why, and how this happened between America and Britain, and how America reached to where it is today.

The American Revolution started in the 17th century, and lasted for 8 years. During this time, the American colonies fought for their freedom from King George III, the British King at the time, and many people risked their lives to gain liberty. Although the American Revolution was a short period of time, there were over 30 important events, such as the Boston Massacre and the Boston Tea Party.

The Stamp Act

ing George III had been never been K fair with America. Including taxes. On November 6th, 1765, the Stamp Act was

Above is an illustration of the colonists burning the instituted. The Stamp Act was stamped paper. Many the very first direct tax colonists used to do this to be thought as toward civilians from the Fun Fact: traitors of England.

British. It was required The illustration on Paul Revere never actually said, to have a stamp on any the left is the "The British are coming!" during his Repeal, where famous midnight ride. It wouldn't have newspaper, magazine, the British made sense considering everyone at or legal document, and eliminated taxes the time was still a British citizen. believe or not, the for stamps. On Instead he was claimed to say, "The stamp cost money. the top right regulars are coming out!" As corner is an image you can see, this sounds Civilians did not think of a stamp that they far less heroic. this was fair because stamps used in the American used to be free, but the King Revolution. The stamp above is the one penny stamp. decided to change that. The reason why

King George really needed stamps to be taxed was because there were expenses from the French and Indian War still needed to be paid, and since American Indians were allies with the French, he decided to tax the American colonies. Colonists did not think this was fair at all, but unfortunately they did not have a representative of the colonies in the British Parliament so they could do nothing about

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it. The civilians called this “taxation without representation.”

American Colonies refused to pay these taxes for stamps in any sort of way. They were so persistent that they burned the stamped paper and boycotted all British products and merchants. On October 7 to the 25th, 1765, the Colonies held a meeting to discuss this issue they had with the British, which was named the Stamp Act Congress. Groups of American patriots were part of the Stamp Act Congress, which we now know as the Sons of Liberty. The Sons of Liberty and all the colonists were determined to eliminate the tax for stamps, and never stopped protesting. King George gave up, and repealed the Stamp Act on March 18, 1766. However, they did plan another tax idea for the colonists soon after that.

The Boston Massacre

F

ive years after the Stamp Act, on March 5, 1770 in Boston, Massachusetts, Hugh White and a couple of colonists were having a little argument. This commotion was considered as normal because there

Top left corner, a photograph of the plate in Boston, Massachusetts shows where the Boston Massacre occurred in the exact spot. Top right corner is the photograph of the Boston Massacre memorial where a lot of people hang out in Boston. Middle image on left shows an illustration of the Boston massacre with the soldiers and the colonists. The image above shows the gravestone of all the deaths of the colonists. And on the painting on the right, this is yet another drawing of the Boston Massacre in action.

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were many fights here and there during this time but everything would calm down eventually. That was not necessarily the case this time.

The argument escalated quickly, leading up to 50 colonists against Private White. They were throwing sticks and rocks and physically harassing him.

Captain Thomas Preston got notice from this, and rapidly called over a group of soldiers to get the colonists’ attentions. This aggravated the citizens even more, which was a tremendous mistake. They started throwing sticks more harshly and increased the number of rocks they were throwing at Hugh White to show him that they weren’t afraid of his soldiers. A stone hit Private Montgomery in the head, and in split second, all the soldiers were shooting their muskets and bayonets toward them. This led to three colonists dying immediately, and two other colonists that died a couple minutes later from major wounds. Thirteen people in total were arrested from this event, eight soldiers, one officer, and four civilians,

“A Tea Party tidal wave is c omin

All of these people were charged for murder and waiting for their trial.

Seven months after the massacre, the trial for the eight soldiers began and John Adams agreed to be their lawyer. Although he was a patriot, he still thought that they deserved a fair trial. In the end, six soldiers were found not-guilty, and the other two were guilty of manslaughter.

is was best to refuse to not send the British Tea back to England because he predicted this would teach Americans a good lesson.

But, Thomas Hutchinson made a huge mistake.

On the night of December 16, 1773, the citizens disguised themselves as Mohawk Indians, and cruised with three ships that were filled The Chests of Tea We Throw with British Tea. They secretly broke open n the beginning of the American 342 chests of tea, and fed 45 tons to the fish.

Revolution, the King demanded to tax King George was furious with what the EVERYTHING, like the stamps. All the civilians had done because not only did they civilians despised him for what he required waste a valuable drink to the British, but all for them to tax, and refused to pay. This infuriated the King, but what was the point of the tea that collapsed in the sea cost as much as $1,000,000 worth of money. This night being King when you had no control of your people? His power was essential to him, so he was known to be the Boston Tea Party.

Six months later after the tea incident, established to only tax for the much-adored the King and the Parliament agreed to close British Tea. But, the civilians were still not satisfied with the King’s decision. They were the Boston Harbor, and have a blockade at the wharf, to give the civilians a punishment. But, determined to not pay any taxes, even if this this did not stop them from trying. They meant war. The civilians exported tea illegally from Holland, instead of drinking tea eventually won against Britain, and gained the freedom and liberty they always wanted. from the British. Royal Governor of Massachusetts, Thomas Hutchinson thought

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~Rand Paul

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The illustration on the left shows the colonists dressed up as Mohawk Indians to start the Boston Tea Party. The top illustration shows another representation of getting ready for the Boston Tea Party by opening crates and getting ready to drop them off seas. The photograph above is a museum that is filled with historical objects that were back in the Boston Tea Party event and souvenir shops.

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DIY GRAY POWDER! Supplies • baby powder • comb • a shirt you don’t mind getting dirty • an area where it might get a little dirty • and a lot of patience!

1. Take your baby powder 2. Apply generously throughout hair. Don’t be afraid to go crazy with it!

3. Then, take your comb and spread the baby powder more evenly through your hair.

4. Then you are ready to show off your new and improved hairstyle!

Send picture to use and we will be happy to put on next magazine issue!

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INTERVIEW WITH GEORGE WASHINGTON Q: Were you frightened at all when you went against the King, or the opposite?

A: At times, yes, but others I was really confident to win the battle between us.

Q: When you heard the colonists wanted them to be your president, how did you feel?

A: I felt shocked, content, and thankful all at the same. I felt as if I had the greatest opportunity to bring America united as one.

Q: When you finally defeated the British, what was the first thing that came up in your mind?

A: I thought to myself, we did it, with ups and downs, we finally succeeded our goal. We tried so hard to overcome this obstacle we had, and we succeeded.

Q: Do you have any last words?

A: Yes, and that is to be courteous to all, but intimate with few, and let those few be well tried before you give them your confidence.

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Dear Ruth, I know you’re probably not going to be able to receive this letter, but life here with Madam Lockton is torture. I have been trying to seek for you recently, going past the gates illegally, but I have had no luck. The only thing I got out of going past the gates was a punishment that scarred me for life. Let’s just say this, I will never forget the pain. Without you here, I have had no company, especially because Betsy also got fired, and Madam Lockton treats me like I am no human being. I want to gain freedom and live peacefully with you, and the people I love. If only we had the rights. Our skin color is a barrier to our freedom, thus leaving us powerless.

The reason I am writing this letter is because no one listens to me here, and I know that you are always there for me. Plus, I miss you more than ever. Master Lockton and a couple more men have been planning to kill General Washington, and no one believes what I witnessed to hear. Liberty from the British and the Locktons cannot happen without the help of George Washington, and if he gets assassinated, my life here will fall apart.

You know the guy I always talked to, Curzon? Yea, I just figured out he’s not the most trustworthy person. He decided to tell me to go to Colonel Regan and tell him the information I found about George Washington. Well, I, gullible me, actually did, and the first day wasn’t bad because we made an agreement if I told him, then he would help me find you. That wasn’t necessarily the case. Long story short - I told him the info, he didn’t help me find you, and instead made Madam Lockton give me a punishment. I won’t be talking to Curzon again for a while.

I miss you, and I can not wait to meet you again soon. I am sure to make it happen. Some day, you and I will live peacefully, with no owner, and we will never have to look back at these days. But until then, we have got to survive. Love you so much!

Hugs and Kisses, Isabel Dear Isabel, I cannot write much because I have a lot of work to do, but my owner has found your letter and it feels great to hear from you.

Life here with my new owner, Madam Smith, is much more nicer than there. She treats me with some biscuits if I’m doing work well, and she occasionally likes to chat with me, unlike the Locktons. I now live in Maryland, and the environment here is much more peaceful than in New York. When it is all over, Let’s plan on staying in Maryland.

Your news about Curzon sounds awful, but I bet you will have luck with him later and figure things out eventually. I could tell you guys had a really tight friendship when I saw you two together, and it doesn’t feel right for both of you to be separated.

I love you and yes, we need to meet up some day after this horrid war. My quill is running out of ink, so I better be going. Miss you!

P.S. I left my stuffed animal and next time we meet, remind me to get my stuffy back.

Love, Ruth

Bibliography Anderson, Laurie Halse., and Lizzy Bromley. Chains. New York: Simon & Schuster for Young Readers, 2008. Print.

Schanzer, Rosalyn. George vs. George: The American Revolution as Seen from Both Sides. Washington, DC: National Geographic, 2004. Print. - I read this from school, and the captions, reading, and pictures were easy to follow so I got most of my information from my notecard from here, such as the important dates, and etc.

"American Revolution." For Kids: Boston Massacre. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Apr. 2015. - gave me information about the basics of the Boston Massacre, such as the date, the trials of the killers, and how many people died during the massacre.

"American Revolution." For Kids: Boston Tea Party. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Apr. 2015. - this gave me the basics of the Boston Tea Party, and I only used this website for the dates and such because I also used a book from school to write this note card.

"George Washington Quotes." BrainyQuote. Xplore, n.d. Web. 12 Apr. 2015. - this gave a quote from George Washington for his interview on my magazine. The last question I, as a reporter, ask him.

"Stamp Act." Stamp Act. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Apr. 2015. - This website was used for the whole notecard of the Stamp Act subtopic, so this had all the information I needed for the full notecard.

"Tea Party Quotes." BrainyQuote. Xplore, n.d. Web. 12 Apr. 2015. - I used this website to get a quote from the Boston Tea Party, and put it on my magazine to make it more interesting.

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Lexicon

barracks noun a or group of buildings used to house soldiers.

“The wave spread out once it reached the Commons, where the prison, the barracks, and the large sugar house stood.” (112) The word “barracks” was often used in the time of the Revolutionary war, which makes sense because the soldiers needed barracks in order to fight their opponent. barricades noun a defensive barrier hastily constructed, as in a street, to stop an enemy.

“I ducked down one street after another, trying to find a way to the river, but the army had erected barricades at the ends of most of the roads to keep out the British.” (136) Barricades were used for the American Revolutionary War to block themselves from their enemy, so without barricades there would be not much protection between American and British armies. bayonets noun a sword like stabbing blade that may be fixed to the muzzle of a rifle for use in hand-to-hand fighting.

“The bayonets fixed to the ends of their long muskets flashed in the sun” (113) Since the American Revolution War obviously used muskets to fight, bayonets were attached to the musket. blockade noun the isolating, closing off, or surrounding of a place, as a port, harbor, or city, by hostile ships or troops to prevent entrance or exit. “‘He left for Boston before the blockade,’ the pastor said. (10) During the American Revolutionary War, there would often be blockades demanded from King George. If you heard the word blockade, you would know this was the American Revolution.

Congress noun the national legislative body of the U.S., consisting of the Senate, or upper house, and the House of Representatives, or lower house, as a continuous institution.

“Both the Parliament and the Congress give Madam Lockton rule over her slave.” (139) Most significant people of the American Revolution are in the Continental congress, such as Samuel Adams, John Adams, George Washington, and Benjamin Franklin. epaulet noun an ornamental shoulder piece on an item of clothing, typically on the coat or jacket of a military uniform.

“The captain said something that we couldn’t hear, then he pulled the sword from this scabbard, and sliced the epaulets off Hickey’s shoulders.” (114) In the War, the military uniform would include the epaulets on the shoulder piece of an item. flogged verb beat (someone) with a whip or stick as punishment or torture “If I opened the gate, a judge could order me flogged.” (64) This would happen to the slaves of any time period, but especially American Revolution because slaves could not leave the house without the owner’s permission. gallows noun a structure, typically of two uprights and a crosspiece, for the hanging of criminals.

“Perhaps he would provide an escort for Ruth and me direct from the gallows of the wharf.” (112) The gallows was the place where they would hang people, typically slaves in the American Revolution, if the slave does not obey the owner’s rules as a habit.

George Washington Proper Noun Born on February 22, 1732, and died on December 14 1799. He was the first president of the United States, and he led the American Revolutionary War against King George

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“‘With Washington gone, the revolution will collapse,’ predicted the mayor. ‘ War will be averted and countless lives saved, Our world will return to the former state of tranquility we enjoyed before all this nonsense.’ The study fell so silent, I feared the men would hear my heart beating. Kill General Washington?” (90) He was one of the most important people in this period, the American Revolutionary War. He led the armies through thick and thin, and eventually won at the end. Without George Washington, America wouldn’t be the same to this day. gunpowder noun an explosive consisting of a powdered mixture of saltpeter, sulfur, and charcoal. The earliest known propellant explosive, gunpowder has now largely been superseded by high explosives, although it is still used for quarry blasting and in fuses and fireworks.

“Gunpowder smoke drifted across the crowd as soldiers started running every which away, carrying on about ‘orders this’ and ‘orders that.’” (119) During the wars, the English and the Americans would use gunpowder and cannons to explode each other’s property with the most destruction as possible. musket noun an infantryman's light gun with a long barrel, typically smooth-bored, muzzleloading, and fired from the shoulder.

“The bayonets fixed to the ends of their long muskets flashed in the sun.” (113) Muskets were the gun known for the American Revolutionary War. You wouldn’t see any other type of gun in a war during this historical period time. Just muskets.

Parliament noun in the UK the highest legislature, consisting of the sovereign, the House of Lords, and the House of Commons.

“Both the Parliament and the Congress give Madam Lockton rule over her slave.” (139) The Parliament and the Congress were battling against each other during this time period to see who would rule over America. rum noun an alcoholic liquor or spirit distilled from molasses or some other fermented sugar-cane product.

“One of Brown’s ships brought up a load of rum and slaves from the islands.” (15-16) This was the beer in modern day, and many people would drink this all day and night with no thinking of it. You would see this drink everywhere in the streets. There wasn’t a day without anybody drinking rum. scabbard noun a sheath for the blade of a sword or dagger, typically made of leather or metal.

“The captain spat on Hickey’s boots, took one step back, and slid his sword home into the scabbard.” (115) You would see many soldiers walking around on the streets during the American Revolution, and the cover for the sword would be wrapped around their body as well to have their sword in contact with them at all times. sentries plural noun soldier stationed at a place to stand guard and prevent the passage of unauthorized persons, watch for fires, etc., especially a sentinel stationed at a pass, gate, opening in a defense work, or the like.

“Two more sentries filed in, followed by Madam Lockton, breathing hard, and a tall gentleman I have not seen before.” (138) You would see sentries every you went when you lived during the American Revolution usually seen near buildings and gates to prevent people (mostly slaves) from running away from their owner’s house. shift noun a woman's straight, unwaisted dress.

“I was wearing my shift, still stained with blood at the neckline, but skirt, stocking, and bodice were not to be seen.” (151) Slaves during the revolutionary war would have to wear an official uniform everyday that the owners provide them, and that included a shift. slave noun a person who is the property of and wholly subject to another; a bond servant.

“The first man laughed. ‘You are an American slave.’ He untied the cloth around his neck and rinsed it in the pump water before adding in a lower voice, ‘As we are all.’” (165) During this time, there would slaves assisting the wealthy owners. If you did not decide to listen to them, there would be major punishments, such as (what Isabel experienced through) having hot iron on your face and being scarred for life.

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soldier noun a person who serves in an army; a person engaged in military service.

“The wind caught at my skirts and swirled them around my ankles. Did he say soldier?” (165) You would see soldiers from both America and Britain, and you would know they were fighting for (for America) their liberty and (for Britain) power. tavern noun a place where liquors are sold to be consumed on the premises.

“The air in the tavern had grown heavy, and the weight of the day pressed against my head.” (19) Since rum was VERY popular during this period, there has to be a place where they sold it. They sold it in a tavern and this building was placed in many spots around town. wharf noun a level quayside area to which a ship may be moored to load and unload.

“Perhaps he would provide an escort for Ruth and me direct from the gallows to the wharf.” (112) This was very important during the American Revolution because this where the English would dock their ships and be able to come to America. They also went off the wharf for the Tea Act to throw tea off the ship, which was a major event.

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