Shelby I.

Friday February 28, 2014

POP ROCK

Shelby Inniss

Fact: THE WORK ROCK COMES FROM A MEDIEVAL LATIN AND OLD FRENCH

ROOT.

ROCKS & MINERALS [1]

All things you should know about rocks and minerals!

Issue #17 U.S./$2.50

ROCKS & MINERALS

NEW DISCOVERIES: Every year there are new combinations of rocks discovered.

For example granite is several types of rocks combined.

This picture is of rocky mountains near the Minnewanka Lake region.

Diamonds in the rough A lot of rocks do not look as much as they are worth. About 70% of Earth’s surface is covered with many types of rocks from feldspar, mica, and even quartz.

Anywhere you go you are guaranteed to see either rocks or minerals. A lot of furniture such as a kitchen counter or doorknob are made out of different kinds of rocks. If you are outside you will definitely see them.

Without rocks there would be no planet Earth considering that Earth itself is made of rocks.

Types of Rocks

Jobs that Involve Rocks There are so many occupations that deal with rocks and minerals so it’s so important to know a little bit about them incase you find yourself needing to know something about them. A few examples of these jobs are mineralogist, petrologist, and more commonly a geologist.

Rocks are so common that most of the time you don’t take time to notice them, but sometimes if you look close

Generally rocks are put into 3 different groups, sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic. These three things are the key to learning about the different kinds of rocks and minerals. Each of these groups are totally different from one another. Most sedimentary rocks are formed when small pebbles or sand sink to the bottom of a river or other body of water, then eventually the pieces will stick together, this process is called sedimentation.

Igneous rocks are formed after a volcano erupts lava or magma, after the lava or magma dries, they form into igneous rocks. Metamorphic rocks are rocks that have changed after being pressured or heated.

Colors

enough you can find silver, gold, or even maybe a

The range of rock colors is infinite. There are brightly colored rocks like garnet, and jade and then there are

diamond!

less extravagant colors like the color of augite which is[2

usually a dark green or black color. Another dull colored rock is magnetite.

the qualities that the stone is representing.

Building

ROCKS ROCK

Birthstones

Rocks have been involved in building for way longer than you Most people are familiar with can imagine. Some of the oldest birthstones but if you don’t know what they are or have heard of then buildings in the world are made of rocks or stones, such as a castle. but not sure what they mean then Even today a majority of buildings they are basically stones that are and houses are created by rock assigned to each month of the structures. Rocks aren’t just used year. Each birthstone has some for buildings and houses even sort of connection to the month though that is what they are more they are used for, so they are not commonly known for, they also just randomly placed. One make great bridges that are sturdy example of a connection that a and strong for cars and people to stone has with it’s month is the drive or walk over. So many things diamond. Diamonds are the stone are made of stones that you can of April and the diamond see them almost everywhere you represents beauty and love.

According to the birthstone belief if go. Some of the structures made are hard to miss. you are born in April you will have

Emeralds have become more popular after their appearance in the Wizard of Oz.

Diamond.

Gypsum.

Galena.

Gypsum Gypsum is a rock that usually ranges from light pink to a whitish color. Most of the time gypsum is found in desert areas where sediments can create this hard rock.

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LOREM IPSUM

Sculptures

Lava/Igneous Rocks

Most sculptures are made from marble because it’s very hard so it won’t break easily and it’s smooth texture. Clay is also great for sculptures because you can mold it when it’s not dry and when it dries it makes a hard surface.

Sand Sand starts out as regular rocks such as hematite or quartz. after time water, wind, and other natural occurring events take place and break down the rocks until they are in sand sized pieces.

Usually the sand is at the beach because the water has broken it down, but sand can also be found on high elevated places like mountains because of the strong winds.

This is a picture of a Batholith.

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Igneous rocks are the rarest out of the three rock groups because volcanoes do not erupt a lot. After a volcano erupts the lava will dry and harden until it forms an igneous rocks. Igneous rocks usually have tons of little holes all around the surface of them because when the lava dries it collects air and creates bubbles.

Batholiths Batholiths are closely related to magma and igneous rocks because they are also made after a volcano erupts. Batholiths are piles of magma that started to dry and trapped air which later popped and made a giant erosion in the Earth’s crust.

Lexicon Organizer Word & Page #

Augite (76)

Part of Speech (noun, verb, adj) Noun.

Definition

Sentence from book/article

Relevance or importance to topic/time period.

Shelby Inniss Use the word in a new sentence. (your own!)

a dark green or

Augite can alter its

Augite is a kind of

Augite is usually a dark

black

composition easily by adding

mineral.

green or black color.

aluminosilicate

different metals to its crystal

mineral of the

lattice, but no matter what, it

pyroxene group. It

always carries it’s trademark

occurs in many

crystal structure.

igneous rocks, including basalt, gabbro, and diabase.

Arsenic (102)

Batholiths (26)

Noun.

Noun.

the chemical element of atomic number 33, a brittle steel-­gray metalloid.

Arsenic’s gray metallic berries

Arsenic is in the

Arsenic may look

will leave a bitter taste in your

rock and mineral

appealing but it is

mouth and cause your body to

family.

actually very toxic.

A very large

Appears in huge bubbles of

Batholiths are

There is more than one

igneous intrusion

cooling magma called

relevant because

batholith in Hawaii.

extending deep in

batholiths, which can be

they are something

the earth's crust.

hundreds of miles across.

that can happen to

shut down completely.

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Lexicon Organizer

Shelby Inniss

certain types of rocks.

Corundum (110)

Noun.

It doesn’t wear easily, so extremely hard Corundum is a gem. aluminum oxide, riverbeds and beaches are good used as an places to find corundum. abrasive. Ruby and sapphire are varieties of corundum.

Corundum comes in many colors like gray, green, red, blue, and yellow.

Diamond (106)

Noun.

a precious stone Diamond is so treasured consisting of a that wars are fought to clear and typically control the fields where i’m colorless found. crystalline form of pure carbon, the hardest naturally occurring substance.

Diamond is a mineral.

Diamond is commonly used in jewelry.

Emerald (109)

Noun.

A bright green precious stone consisting of a chromium-­rich variety of beryl.

People once claimed that emerald drove off evil spirits, and prevented epileptic seizures.

Emerald is a crystal.

Emerald the color, comes from the deep green color of the emerald crystal.

Feldspar (70)

Noun.

an abundant rock-­forming mineral typically occurring as colorless or pale-­colored

The feldspar family makes up more than 60 percent of the Earth’s crust.

Feldspar is a mineral.

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Lexicon Organizer

Shelby Inniss

crystals and consisting of aluminosilicates of potassium, sodium, and calcium.

Galena (60)

Noun.

a bluish, gray, or black mineral of metallic appearance, consisting of lead sulfide. It is the chief ore of lead.

One of Galena’s first uses was as kohl in ancient Egypt

Galena is in the rock and mineral family.

Galena is often used to make lead.

Some people’s birthstone is garnet.

-­ a kind of eye shadow uses to ward off flies and the sun’s glare.

Garnet (85)

Noun.

A precious stone Granite’s most well-­known consisting of a deep red vitreous and recognizable color is silicate mineral. pomegranate red.

Garnet is a stone.

Gold (101)

Noun.

A yellow precious metal, the chemical element of atomic number 79, valued esp. for use in jewelry and decoration, and to guarantee the value of currencies.

A coating of gold, just one

gold is in the rock Gold is very valuable and mineral family. and is used in lots of jewelry.

A very hard,

You see granite adorning the

Granite (27)

Noun.

atom thick helps protect satellites and astronauts’ space suits from heat in space

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Granite is a type of Granite is used for

Lexicon Organizer granular,

facades of many important

rock.

crystalline, igneous buildings and kitchen counters.

Shelby Inniss building because of its shiny texture.

rock consisting mainly of quartz, mica, and feldspar and often used as a building stone.

Gypsum (86)

Noun.

Soft, silky, and smooth, a soft white or Gypsum is a Gypsum is the desert rose. mineral. gray mineral consisting of hydrated calcium sulfate. It occurs chiefly in sedimentary deposits and is used to make plaster of Paris and fertilizers, and in the building industry.

The surface of the plain is covered with white gypsum.

Hematite (56)

Noun.

a reddish-­black Hematite was even found on Mars. mineral consisting of ferric oxide. It is an important ore of iron.

Hematite usually only comes in one color, steel gray.

Jade (113)

Noun.

A hard, typically green stone used for ornaments and implements and consisting of

Hematite is in the rock and mineral family.

Jade’s toughness makes it Jade is a stone. ideal for carving, and was revered in an Asian society, where it was thought to hold cosmic energy.

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Large deposits of Jade can be located in China and New Zealand.

Lexicon Organizer

Shelby Inniss

the minerals jadeite or nephrite.

Magnetite (58)

Noun.

a gray-­black Migrating birds and dolphins Magnetite is in the magnetic mineral use magnetite to help find rock and mineral that consists of their way. family. an oxide of iron and is an important form of iron ore.

Magnetite is usually found in black, or brown

Marble (46)

Noun.

A hard crystalline Waxy and clear, Marble’s metamorphic flawless complexion drives form of artists and architects wild. limestone, typically white with mottlings or streaks of color, that is capable of taking a polish and is used in sculpture and architecture.

Marble is a stone.

Marble is used to build columns that hold up Greek buildings.

Mica (79)

Noun.

A shiny silicate Mica is found in all rocks -­ mineral with a it’s flakes sparkle in schist. layered structure, found as minute scales in granite and other rocks, or as crystals. It is used as a thermal or electrical insulator.

Mica is a mineral.

Mica is so smooth, even under a microscope there is no bumps.

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Lexicon Organizer Olivine (72)

Pumice (37)

Noun.

Noun.

Shelby Inniss

Though one of the Earth’s most Olivine is a mineral. an olive-­green, gray-­green, or common minerals. olivine can brown mineral also be found on the moon, occurring widely Mars, and in meteorites. in basalt, peridotite, and other basic igneous rocks. It is a silicate containing varying proportions of magnesium, iron, and other elements.

Olive often comes in a

A very light and

Some people use pumice

Pumice is a bubbly character

Pumice is a type of

porous volcanic

thrown out when volcanoes blow molten rock. rock formed when a their tops.

olive green color.

to get dead skin off their feet.

gas-­rich froth of glassy lava solidifies rapidly.

Quartz (66)

Noun.

a hard white or

Quartz is a big part of so many

colorless mineral

rocks -­ especially granite -­ and

Quartz is a mineral.

Quartz used to be used to make sandpaper, but

consisting of silicon even when it’s sandy grains are

is now mostly used for

dioxide, found

worn down, they eventually get

glass making.

widely in igneous,

incorporated into new rocks,

metamorphic, and

such as sandstone.

sedimentary rocks.

It is often colored by impurities (as in

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Lexicon Organizer

Shelby Inniss

amethyst, citrine, and cairngorm).

Sediment (6)

Noun.

matter that settles

The long burial process

Sediment is tiny

to the bottom of a

squeezes the water out of this

pieces of rock.

liquid.

massive spongy sediment,

The sediment sinks to the bottom of the lake.

turning it into solid rock.

Silver (100)

Noun.

Tectonic Plates Noun.

(32)

A precious shiny White and shining, silver is one grayish-­white of the oldest precious metals. metal, the chemical element of atomic number 47.

Silver is in the rock and mineral family.

Silver is used in many earrings and necklaces.

Plate tectonics is a

Even the tectonic plates that

Tectonic plates have

Tectonic plates can

scientific theory

scoot around on the Earth’s

peridotite, and other

cause earthquakes or

that describes the

surface have about 60 mi.

rocks and minerals

make volcanoes erupt.

large-­scale motions (100km) worth on their of Earth's

inside them.

underside.

lithosphere.

Topaz (112)

Noun.

A precious stone, Crystal clear and sparkly bright, Topaz is a Topaz is a brazilian beauty precious stone. typically colorless, yellow, often mistaken for Diamond. or pale blue, consisting of a fluorine-­containin g aluminum silicate.

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Topaz comes in varieties of colors from clear, blue, yellow, and pink.

Lexicon Organizer Tourmaline (74)

Noun.

a typically black or blackish mineral that occurs as prismatic crystals in granitic and other rocks.

Tourmaline’s most Tourmaline is a common variety is black, type of mineral. but it can also be pink, red, or blue.

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Shelby Inniss The most common tourmaline is schorl.

Bibliography "Emerald Gemstone Information." Emerald Gemstone Information. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Feb. 2014. <http:// www.gemselect.com/gem-info/emerald/emerald-info.php>.

"Fort Dodge Gypsum." Fort Dodge Gypsum. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Feb. 2014. <http://www.igsb.uiowa.edu/browse/ ftdodge/ftdodge.htm>.

Green, Dan, and Simon Basher. Rocks and Minerals: A Gem of a Book! New York: Kingfisher, 2009. Print.

"Mineral Gallery." Amethyst Galleries. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Feb. 2014. <http://www.galleries.com/Gypsum>.

"Mineral." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 23 Feb. 2014. Web. 27 Feb. 2014. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Mineral>.

N.p., n.d. Web. <http://library.thinkquest.org/23492/data/marble.htm>.

"References - Guide To The Solar System." Guide To The Solar System. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Feb. 2014. <http:// guidetothesolarsystem.weebly.com/references.html>.

"Rocks & Minerals." Rocks & Minerals. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Feb. 2014. <http://scioly.org/wiki/index.php?title=Rocks_ %26_Minerals&redirect=no>.

"Special:All Tags (H)." - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Feb. 2014. <http:// taggedwiki.zubiaga.org/alltags/H>.

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