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WWI TIMES

April 1914

A soldier in a trench with other soldiers sleeping around him

WILL JOHNSON

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In this magazine you will find information about trench warfare, use of gasses and their ban and Gears and weapons of WWI.

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WWI TRENCHES

WWI 1914-1918 “But then I try to move my head a little,and the blackness begins to crumble and fall in on me, filling my mouth, my eyes, my ears.”

World War I was the first war fought between many nations and the world, that resulted in advance trench warfare, gasses and their ban and new gear and weapons.

Trench warfare was a type of ground warfare. Deep ditches were dug, often in wet or stoney ground making them hard to dig. It took many soldiers working at the same time to dig one row of a trench system. There are many parts to a trench.

A parapet is a sheltering wall facing the enemies. The trench that is nearest the enemy is called the front line. In-between the ally front line and enemy front line was ‘no-man’s land’.No man’s land could be a couple miles, or just 50 feet. There were

many rows of trenches, some rows even had wooden bunkers with electric light.

Trenches were busier at night because it was hard to see across no man’s land in the dark. This is when new troops would be sent in and injured soldiers would be taken out. People also went out into no man’s land and fixed barbed wire and retrieved bodies. In the day movement in the trenches was dangerous, you could get shot if you peeked your head over the parapet. Being in the trenches was also dangerous because of lice, trench rats, and trench fever which you get because of how unsanitary it was. There was also a possibility of the trench flooding and the walls would start falling leaving soldiers exposed. Communication with other rows of trenches was difficult, they used signal lamps, human runners, messenger dogs,

Scottish soldiers in a trench during WWI

TOP: An example of how trenches were set up, with a parapet facing the enemies and parados behind the trench.

MIDDLE: A photo of German soldiers digging a trench in WWI exact date is unknown.

BOTTOM: A signal lamp that was used in WWI, they would flash it to send messages in code.

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Gas attacks in WWI and their ban.

“Gas attacks were first

were outlawed by the Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907. There were about 1.3

GAS ATTACKS IN WWI

million casualties from the the but then became widely used attacks in WWI. Often when by both sides” (Living through gas was released, the wind would blow the gas to nearby World War I). Many gas attempted by the germans,

attacks happened in WWI and resulted in many deaths.

Different gasses were also

towns and kill civilians. About 100,000- 200,000 civilians were killed by the gasses.

responsible for the deaths.

Chlorine, mustard gas, and phosgene were the gasses used. Gas mask were quickly created after the use of gasses. Chemical warfare and small scale bombing

A gas attack using gas cylinders

Gas masks After gas attacks gas mask were created. Some were even made for dogs! The top picture is a standard bomb shell that was dropped.

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Weapons and gear used in WWI

LETTER Seeking advice Dear Mom, April 14, 1914 We have been in the trenches for a couple of weeks now, the conditions are horrible. A shell hit right next to us and I am injured, but I will be okay. It has been really cold, wet and buggy. I want to run but I can’t, I will be shot. What should I do? I need to come home I miss you!

I hope to see you soon, Thomas Dear Thomas, April 29,1914 Thomas it is so good to hear from you. I am praying every day for you to return safely. It saddens me that you are injured but you cannot try to leave, it will only make the situation worse.

Please try to stay warm and catch up on your sleep, it may be hard but it will help you heal.

Stay safe and come home soon!

Sincerely, Mom

Soldiers in WWI were equipped with lots of gear. They had steel helmets painted brown to match with the dirt. For a coat, they had a simple tunic that was dark green and had a collar. Their pants were thick wool, the same color as the coat. They wore ankle boots with heels to keep out of the mud. A soldier strapped pouches and baggies on him filled with everything from first aid kits to tools.

They also had canteens for water and gas masks to protect them from gas.

They use a M1918 Browning Automatic rifle, it was a light machine gun for soldiers advancing toward the enemy. They also had a Colt 1917 revolver for a handgun, 150,000 were made. In the trenches they had machine guns. The machine gun they used was the Vickers Machine gun. It

A soldier wearing a steal helmet, green tunic, wool pants and holding a browning rifle

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weighed 51 pounds, needed three people to fire and could shot 450 to 500 rounds per minute. The Vickers machine gun was revolutionary and changed war for ever.

As one can see, WWI was a harsh war that resulted in many deaths. But through the war there was advancements in trench warfare, gasses and their ban, and weapons and gear. These advancements changed our lives, there are now machine guns and gas attacks are banned.

Works Cited Barber, Nicola. Living through World War I. Place of Publication Not Identified: Raintree, 2012. Print.

Goldsworthy, Steve. World War I: 1914-1918. N.p.: n.p., n.d. Print.

Morpurgo, Michael. Private Peaceful. New York: Scholastic, 2004. Print.

"World War I." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, n.d. Web. 14 Apr. 2015.

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Lexicon Organizer WWI

Choose 20 words from your bookmark that BEST REFLECT the historical time period in which your book tak ORGANIZE the words in ALPHABETICAL ORDER!!!

Word

Part of Speech (noun, verb, adj)

Definition (in context with the story)

Sentence from book & Page #

How is this w meaningful to time period of book? Expla

P.68 She didn't really understand what the war was about, she admitted, only that some archduke whatever that was had been shot in a place called sarajevo wherever that was and germany and france were very angry with each other about it.

Emperor’s no long rule in austria and of the world. Aust now has a preside which means the period was old.

1.

Archduke

Noun

A son of the emperor of Austria

2.Colt 1917

Noun

The standard World War I America at war handgun given to American troops in WWI, it was suitable for trench warfare

This is meaningfu the time period be the handgun is no longer used but w used in WWI

3. Etaples

Noun

A port city in northern France.

They soldiers trained there

p.115 “If any of us had any last lingering delusions then they were very soon dispelled by our first sight of the vast training camp at Etaples.”

This word is mean because some of soldiers trained at camp there.

4. Gas attacks.

Verb

Chemical bombs that released gas

Living through WWI (book for research)

This is meaningfu the time period be

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Lexicon Organizer WWI

Choose 20 words from your bookmark that BEST REFLECT the historical time period in which your book take ORGANIZE the words in ALPHABETICAL ORDER!!! such as mustard gas,chlorine,phosge ne 5. Gas mask

Noun

A mask used to protect someone from inhaling harmful gasses.

gases are now ban in wars.

World War I America at war (Book for research)

This is meaningful the time period bec the soldiers would gas mask to protec themselves from th gasses that were u

6. M1918 Browning Noun Automatic Rifle

A light machine gun World War I America at war used by the American and British troops in WWI.Made for soldiers advancing toward the enemy.

This is meaningful the time period bec the gun is no longe used but was used WWI.

7.

Magistrate

Noun

A civil officer or judge to deal with minor offences

P.47 I could have you up before the magistrate, but since i’m the magistrate anyway there's no need to go to all that trouble, is there?

Magistrates are no longer around beca no we have police officers.

8. No­man’s land

Noun

The area between the enemy front trench and ally front trench.

Living through WWI (book for research)

This word is meani because no man’s is part of trench wa and WWI was famo for trench warfare.

9. Parapet

noun

A sheltering wall on

Living through WWI (book for

This word is meani

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Lexicon Organizer WWI

Choose 20 words from your bookmark that BEST REFLECT the historical time period in which your book ta ORGANIZE the words in ALPHABETICAL ORDER!!! a trench facing no mans land.

research)

because trench­w was famous in W a parapet is part trench.

10. Rat catcher

Noun

An occupation people had where they killed rats by traps and guns before pesticides.

p.109 “With us too, was little Les James from school, son of Bob James, village ratcatcher and wart charmer.”

Now to get rid of people use pesti instead of hiring catcher.

11.

Ruffians

Noun

A violent person usually involved in crime.

P.47 Only one way to deal with young ruffians like you.

Ruffians is an old and no one uses anymore.

12.

Scarlet fever

Noun

A bacterial illness that develops in some people who have strep throat

P.42 We knew we wouldn’t be allowed in to see her because scarlet fever was very catchy.

Now people can the doctors to tre scarlet fever.

13. Tea

Noun

A drink that the Pg. 34 “So, thank goodness, character had Molly kept coming home with us everyday, it is part of for tea every day after school.” his culture and very common in europe.

This is true to the period because i of coming home have a soda or something like th had tea.

14. Thatcher

Noun

Someone who makes thatch roofs.

This is meaningf the time period b thatch roofs are and are not mad anymore.

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p.109“There was Pete Brovey, thatcher and cider drinker from Dolton too.”

Lexicon Organizer WWI

Choose 20 words from your bookmark that BEST REFLECT the historical time period in which your book take ORGANIZE the words in ALPHABETICAL ORDER!!!

15.Tied cottage

Noun

A cottage that is tied p.24 “You know well enough I to a job, the person think that this is a tied cottage” in hold of the job gets the cottage.

16.

Trench warfare

Noun

A type of ground warfare where the opposing armies build large complex trenches to shoot from. Famous from WWI

p. 111 “No matter what the Trench warfare wa officers and NCOs told us of the famous in WWI and hardships and dangers of now less common. trench warfare, we still all believed we were simply in some kind of rehearsal.”

17.

Under­parlor maid

Noun

the general deputy to the house parlour maid in a small establishment which had only two upstairs maids.

p.51 “Molly was under­parlor maid, and Charlie worked in the hunt kennels and in the staples looking after the dogs and horses.”

This word is true to time period becaus maids and butlers a more uncommon n

18.

Vicar

Noun

A clergy member who has has to be more than role because he lives in a rural area.

p.92 “There was no one there except the vicar and the four of us.”

This is true to the t period because vic are no longer used

19. Wart Charmer

Noun

A form of magic and folk ‘medicine’ used in the the 1800s and 1900s

p.109 “With us too, was little Les James from school, son of Bob James, village ratcatcher and wart charmer.”

There are no longe wart charmers bec they were faked an didn't work.

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People don’t have cottages anymore just buy a house an stay in it if you cha jobs

Lexicon Organizer WWI

Choose 20 words from your bookmark that BEST REFLECT the historical time period in which your book takes pla ORGANIZE the words in ALPHABETICAL ORDER!!!

20.

Whipping­cane

Noun

A cane used by a teacher to hit students.

p.2 “Mr.Munnings and his raging tempers and the long whipping cane he hangs on the wall above his desk.”

This is meaningful to the time period because it is now outlawed for teachers to hit kids and no teachers own whipping canes. (excep mr.driscoll)

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