YELLOW FEVER
1793
Yellow Fever kills 30,000 people globally each year.
GABI ESMOND D Block
CAUSE SIGNS TREATMENT [1]
5 CENTS
Yellow Fever
Philidelphia USA
An Americian Plauge
Cause, Symptoms, and Treatment Yellow fever, an infectious decease that caused a high fever and damage to the liver, became an epidemic killing 60 percent of the population in post revolutionary Philadelphia times.
The Cause... The spread of the yellow fever began in Philadelphia, U.S.A. This dangerous epidemic caused most of the families living there to flee their homes and lock down their shops. This left many people, if not dead, living on the streets without food and a safe shelter to live in. The first known person to fall ill with yellow fever became ill on August third 1793. People living near the person became ill also, but that gave no clue to what was
spreading the disease. Once yellow fever had been caught, the disease would spread via through the blood stream. It was thought at first that the spread of the disease was caused by fumes in the air, along with the warm summer weather. Carlos Finlay, a physician and scientific investigator worked with a team to discover that the spread of yellow fever was caused by the Aedes mosquito.
[2]
The Aedes Mosquito
SYMPTOMS
THE SYMPTOMS... The symptoms of yellow fever were arguably some of the worst symptoms given off by a sickness. Having the symptoms of yellow fever was almost worse than having yellow fever! The symptoms started off with the chills, a mild headache, and a painful aching in the back, arms and legs. The person developed a high fever, and began having serious constipation. After about three days of these symptoms, the fever would break and the patient would seem almost as if they were getting better, but in just few short hours, the next stage of yellow fever symptoms would begin.
\
This is a patient sick with the fever
[3]
The fever would shoot up again and the skin and eyeballs would turn yellow. The patients red blood cells were destroyed causing the bile bilirubin to increase by a high amount in the body. The patient’s nose, gums, and intestines began to bleed, and they would start to vomit stale, black blood. The pulse would grow weak, and the tongue would turn a dry, brown color. The patient became depressed, confused, and delirious. There seemed to be tiny, reddish eruptions forming on the patient’s skin, which were later found to be mosquito bites. After the patient ended the symptoms of yellow fever, and the fever had passed, the patient would experience problems with many organs such as the heart, liver, or kidney.
Treatment... Back in 1793, there was no real way to treat yellow fever. Most people who did not flee the city waited out the fever, unless they caught it and died. Others who had caught the fever were tended to by African Americans, which were mainly freed slaves. The African Americans were forced to work as doctors for yellow fever because the Americans thought that they were immune to getting the fever. The doctors decided to use a method called “Bleeding” the patient. This was when the doctors cut the patient and drained out most of their blood. Bleeding was based on an ancient system of medicine in which blood and body
fluids were regarded as a system of “Humors” or a system of medicine that had to be balanced in order to maintain solid health. Doctors believed that this would cure yellow fever because the disease was spread throughout the persons blood system, and it took over their red blood cells. However, what the doctors were un aware of was that most of the patients that they performed this method on ended up dying because this system was harming their bodies, and they were too weak to recover.
CHARACTER’S LETTER July 23, 1793 Dear Mother, I am writing to you to tell you that grandfather and I have just returned back home, but have found that you were not here. I have fully recovered from the fever, however, grandfather is still fairly ill. I had heard rumors around the hospital that you were last spotted looking for me, but I figured you would have found me by now. Grandfather and I are worried sick about you, and we hope to hear from you soon. Sincerely, Mattie
This is a yellow fever hospital
July 30, 1793 Dear Mattie, I am very sorry to say that I will not be returning home anytime soon. I have fallen very ill with the fever, but I am in good hands. It was true that I was looking for you, but had to seek help after I fell very ill. I am sorry to have worried you, and will see you when the fever is over. Sincerely, Mother
[4]
Works Cited Anderson, Laurie Halse. Fever, 1793. New York: Simon & Schuster for Young Readers, 2000. Print. Murphy, Jim. An American Plague: The True and Terrifying Story of the Yellow Fever Epidemic of 1793. New York: Clarion, 2003. Print. "Yellow Fever." WHO. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Apr. 2015. "Yellow Fever." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, n.d. Web. 14 Apr. 2015. "Yellow Fever." Yellow Fever. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Apr. 2015.
[5]
Lexicon Organizer
TYPE YOUR TIME PERIO
Choose 20 words from your bookmark that BEST REFLECT the historical time period in which your book takes ORGANIZE the words in ALPHABETICAL ORDER
Word
Part of Speech (noun, verb, adj)
Definition (in context with the story)
Sentence from book & Page #
How is this wo meaningful to t time period of yo book? Explain
1. abates
verb
something that once was threatening or dangerous that has become less intense or wide spread
“‘If you are determine to return home with your grandfather, then you must stay there until the fever abates’” pg 116
This word is about having something threatening come to almost a complete s and that was what th fever did.
2. bodice
noun
a part of a woman's dress that is above the waist
“An ugly yellow scrap from a ripped bodice was still tied to the handle of the front door which was open.” pg 122
In this time period it popular to wear this type of clothing.
3. dowry
noun
property or money “‘The trustees will sell that and brought by a bride to use the money for her dowry’” her husband on their pg 117 marriage
In this time period money was very lim especially after everyone fled the to and shops shut dow
4. Grippe
noun
old fashioned term for influenza
My book is about ye fever and this word
[6]
“‘It must be a grippe, a sleeping sickness.’” pg 6
Lexicon Organizer
TYPE YOUR TIME PERIOD H
Choose 20 words from your bookmark that BEST REFLECT the historical time period in which your book takes place. ORGANIZE the words in ALPHABETICAL ORDER means sickness. 5. helter-skelter
adjective and adverb
in disorderly haste or confusion
6. ink Pot
noun
a small container for “After lunch I was visited by ink Mrs. Flagg and a frowning clerk who carried an account book, an ink pot, and a quill.” pg 110
This book took place in 1793 when people used different ways of copying things down.
7. kerchief
noun
a woman's square scarf worn as a covering for the head or sometimes the shoulders.
“Mrs. Flagg blew into her kerchief with a loud honk.” pg 113
This was what the ladies back in this time period war.
8. kin
noun
a family relationship “‘No kin of mine goes to an orphan house, not as long as I'm breathing.’” pg 111
During the yellow fever plague many kids were sent to orphan houses because their parents had died.
9. masons
noun
a person whose “Where there should have been This is one of the many trade is building with an army of masons, glaziers, jobs that were popular
[7]
“Tables and chairs lay helter-skelter” pg 122
In this time period many people were robbed and their houses were left looking very un organized.
Lexicon Organizer
TYPE YOUR TIME PE
Choose 20 words from your bookmark that BEST REFLECT the historical time period in which your book t ORGANIZE the words in ALPHABETICAL ORDER units of various natural or artificial mineral products, as stones, bricks, cinder blocks, or tiles, usually with the use of mortar or cement as a bonding agent.
plasterers, and painters, i saw in this time perio only empty shells of buildings, already falling into despair after a few weeks of neglect.” pg 116
“We moved two chairs to the door where the air was a mite cooler.” pg 124
10. mite
noun
a small amount, a little
11. mutton
noun
the flesh of sheep, “I spent several days eating especially mature mutton that tasted like sawdust, sheep, used as food picking bugs off my blanket, and sleeping.” pg 108
The character in book was sick w yellow fever and eat mutton for s days.
12. pence
noun
the plural of a penny “It was still there, pence and shillings. Thank heaven for that.” pg 125
In this time perio did not have the form of money t have today. Ins
[8]
In this time perio yellow fever, the very warm and p remained sick u first frost.
Lexicon Organizer
TYPE YOUR TIME PERIO
Choose 20 words from your bookmark that BEST REFLECT the historical time period in which your book takes p ORGANIZE the words in ALPHABETICAL ORDER they had pence and shillings. 13. scabbard
noun
a sheath for a sword “He tried to lift his sword and scabbard to its place over the mantle, but his arms hurt too badly.” pg 126
In this time period the would always have a sword handy.
14. scullery
noun
a small kitchen or room at the back of a house used for washing dishes and other dirty household work
In the houses of this time period many of th houses had a room lik this.
15. shepherding
verb
to guide or direct in “Mrs. Bowles put Susannah in a particular direction charge of shepherding three of the children inside, and stayed to wave good-bye.” pg 120
In this time period keeping little kids insi was a very important task because of the plague.
16. shillings
noun
an old coin
In this time period the did not have the same form of money that we have today. Instead they had pence and shillings.
[9]
“‘We will hire her out as a servant or scullery maid.’” pg 117
“It was still there, pence and shillings. Thank heaven for that.” pg 125
Lexicon Organizer
TYPE YOUR TIME PERIOD
Choose 20 words from your bookmark that BEST REFLECT the historical time period in which your book takes pl ORGANIZE the words in ALPHABETICAL ORDER 17. sitting Room
noun
a room in a house or “We could have used a sitting hotel in which room, truth be told.” pg 6 people can sit and relax
The character in my book lives in a house which has an attached coffee house with a sitting room.
18. strong box
noun
a lockable chest “‘Food. They took every scrap where you would put of food from the kitchen, even valuable items the… I froze. The strong box!’” pg 125
In this time period they did not have safes so they had to keep everything in a strong box.
19. threshold
noun
the entrance to a building or house
“Silas waited at the threshold, This was what they unwilling to risk his paws on the referred to as doors in floor.” pg 126 this time period.
20. tow
verb
to pull or haul something by a rope, chain or other device
“Mrs. Flagg returned with grandfather in a tow.” pg 111
[10]
This was the time period of sickness and most people were sick and had to rest in tows