PUBLIC LIBRARY AT DWARKA SECTOR 17 THESIS REPORT

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PUBLIC LIBRARY AT DWARKA SECTOR 17 THESIS REPORT AS A REQUIREMENT FOR THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE AWARD OF BACHELORS OF ARCHITECTURE

BHUPENDER (1509948) BATCH : 2015-2020

COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE IET BHADDAL TECHNICAL CAMPUS ROPAR, PUNJAB

THESIS COORDINATOR : DR.MUNISH SHARMA THESIS GUIDE

: AR. AMAN DHALIWAL

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BONAFIED CERTIFICATE I HEREBY CERTIFY THAT THE THESIS REPORT ENTITLED “PUBLIC LIBRARY AT DWARKA SECTOR 17”, PREPARED BY BHUPENDER , UNDERTAKEN UNDER MY GUIDANCE , BE ACCEPTED AS A REQUIREMENT FOR THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE AWARD OF BACHELORS OF ARCHITECTURE .

AR. AMAN DHALIWAL (THESIS GUIDE)

DR. MUNISH SHARMA (THESIS CO-ORDINATOR)

AR.BIPIN MALIK (PRINCIPAL)

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I WOULD LIKE TO EXPRESS MY SINCERE GRATITUDE TO ALL THOSE WHO HAVE GUIDED AND HELPED ME UNTIL THIS STAGE OF MY THESIS PROJECT. WITHOUT THE SUPPORT OF THESE PEOPLE, IT WOULD HAVE BEEN VERY DIFFICULT TO COMPLETE THIS TASK SMOOTHLY.

FIRST OF ALL I WOULD LIKE TO EXPRESS MY GRATITUDE TO MY THESIS GUIDE AR. AMAN DHALIWAL FOR HIS GUIDANCE AND SUPPORT THROUGHOUT AND TO DR. MUNISH SHARMA(THESIS COORDINATOR) FOR HIS CONSTANT MOTIVATION, SUGGESTIONS AND REGULAR DISCUSSIONS.AND I AM ALSO THANKFUL TO ALL MY MATES WHICH PROVIDE SUGGESTIONS AND CRITICISM WHICH ULTIMATELY HELPED ME IN ENHANCEMENT OF THE QUALITY OF MY FINAL DESIGN.

ABOVE ALL, MY HEARTFELT THANKS TO MY PARENTS, WHO HAVE BEEN A CONSTANT SOURCE OF ENCOURAGEMENT AND SUPPORT.

BHUPENDER UNIVERSITY ROLL NO: 1509948

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DECLARATION BY STUDENT I , BHUPENDER VASHISTH, DO HEREBY SOLEMNLY DECLARE AND CERTIFY THAT DESIGN THESIS PROJECT, PREPARED IN THE TENTH SEMESTER IN SESSION 2020 , AT COA IET BHADDAL,ROPAR,ON PUBLIC LIBRARY, SECTOR 17 DWARKA IS THE ORIGINAL WORK OF THE UNDERSIGNED .

I AGREE TO ABIDE BY THE DECISION OF THE PUNJAB TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY SHOULD, AT ANY SUBSEQUENT DATE, THE ABOVE STATEMENT IS PARTLY OR WHOLLY FOUND INCORRECT. I HAVE MADE THIS STATEMENT AT MY OWN WITH THE FULL KNOWLEDGE OF ITS REPERCUSSIONS.

BUPENDER VASHISTH FINAL YEAR B.ARCH. COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE, IET BHADDAL, PUNJAB

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TABLE OF CONTENTS SR.NO.

TOPIC

1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4

INTRODUCTION ABSTRACT WHAT IS LIBRARY CHANGING CONCEPTS OF PUBLIC LIBRARY RELEVANCE OF PUBLIC IBRARY IN MODERN HUMAN SOCIETY ISUUES THE NEED FOR REGENERATION AIM OBJECTIVE SCOPW PROJECT DETAILS AND LOCATION SITE LOCATION CONSTRAINTS SITE LOCATION AND MAP SITE SURROUNDINGS AND CLIMATIC CONDITIONS LITERATURE STUDY CLASSIFICATION OF LIBRARIES LOCATION SIZE OF LIBRARIES CIRCULATION RELATIVE POSTION OF ROOMS SIZES OF ROOM,GANGWAYS AND POSITION OF GANGWAYS BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION STACK ROOM READING ROOM CATALOGUE ROOM OTHER ROOM COMPOUND UNDERGRIUND AND WINDOWLESS BUILDING BUILDING CONSTRUCTION OTHER SERVICES AND AMENITIES LIGHTING AND OTHER ELECTRICAL POINT NOISE CONTROL AIR CONDITIONING LIBRARY WORKSPACES READING TABLE SHELVES AUDITORIUM

1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 IA lA.1 lA.2 lA.3 lA.4 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.7.1 2.7.2 2.7.3 2.7.4 2.7.5 2.7.6 2.7.7 2.8 2.8.1 2.8.2 2.8.3 2.9 2.9.1 2.9.2 2.10

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3 3.1 3.1.1 3.1.2 3.1.3 3.1.4 3.1.5 3.1.6 3.1.7 3.1.8 3.1.9 3.1.10 3.1.11 3.2 3.2.1 3.2.2 3.2.3 3.2.4 3.2.5 3.3 3.3.1 3.3.2 3.3.3 4 4.1 4.2 4.2.1 4.2.2 4.2.3 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 4.15 5

CASE STUDIES CASE STUDY 1 INTRODUCTION SITE AND SURROUNDINGS GROUND FLOOR LIBRARY DESIGN CONCEPT BUILDING SERVICES SOME E & M SERVICE PROVIDED AREA THE LATTICE DOMICAL STRUCTURE ROOF GARDEN COURTYARD BUILDING MATERIAL AND FINISHES INFERENCE CASE STUDY 2 BRITISH COUNCIL,NEW DELHI CONCEPT THE THREE AXES ALONG WITH THE SITE PLAN SECTION PLAN INTERNET STUDY SEATTLE CENTRAL LIBRARY INTRODUCTION ILLUSTRATION SHOWING CONCEPTUAL DESIGN DESIGN PROPOSAL DESIGN PROGRAM DESIGN EVOLUTION AND CONCEPT AREA STATEMENT STRUCTURE LIGHT AND VENTILATION SHAPE EVOLUTION AND ZONING OF FLOORS SITE PLAN SHADOW ANALYSIS GROUND FLOOR PLAN FIRST FLOOR PLAN SECOND FLOOR PLAN THIRD FLOOR PLAN TERRACE FLOOR PLAN BASEMNET 1 PLAN BASEMENT 2 SECTION ELEVATION VIEWS BIBLIOGRAPHY

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INTRODUCTION

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1 INTRODUCTION : 1.1 ABSTRACT: In today’s time with the emergence of the internet and digitalization of books and information, this has enormously influenced how we consume information. With the developments of new methods and types of media, the traditional role of a public library is to question. The significance of the physical collection within a certain environment versus a quick internet search at any given point of time within any environment, questions the sustainability of a public library and the resources it offers.

The library needs to be transformed into an active social space. A public library is just not a space to access physical and digital data but also creates an environment to initiate interaction of people and exchange of ideas takes place among all people of diverse backgrounds and age groups visiting the library.

Public library; the most democratic and one of the few spaces under the public realm of the city has tremendous potentials to transform into value-addition as community information, knowledge, resource, and service centers.

1.2 WHAT IS A LIBRARY? The public library, the local gateway to knowledge, provides a basic condition for lifelong learning, independent decision making, and cultural development of the individual and social groups.

– UNESCO Manifesto, 1994 1.3 CHANGING CONCEPTS OF A PUBLIC LIBRARY: Traditional libraries have quickly redefined themselves as hybrid libraries which are a combination of a conventional library and a new electronic network library.

The rise of the internet and digitalized content makes the policymakers librarians and the public believe that the public library is losing its relevance. This conviction is reflected in the way a lot of libraries are transforming. The clearest and observant shift is that libraries are no longer describing their primary role as being a provider of information.

The evolution of the role of the library in society over the centuries from private resources to civic monuments to a functional building to the living room of the city is today in flux.

In this multiplicity of roles of the library extends itself further in service of a multi-faceted society, challenging conjectures of its impending obsolescence.

Libraries are civic spaces where knowledge is circulated in all media. The systematic arrangement of the data, the reading spaces, and the interaction with the librarian, derived

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from a user pattern enhance the user experience. There will be spaces where these functions overlap like the reception spaces, the large atriums, and the reading halls where there is a visual and physical connection with the other spaces providing a multigenerational experience. The play of natural light and the expansive reading hall, the connection of the inside to the outside, formal and informal reading spaces, data collection (physical entities such as books, newspapers, magazines, is to computer rooms), provide a sense of volume to which the user relate, giving a dual experience to all kinds of people entering the library. Libraries also play a major role in providing literacy to the homeless, giving rise to knowledge societies.

1.4 RELEVANCE OF PUBLIC LIBRARIES IN MODERN HUMAN SOCIETY: • Are public libraries dying? Has the role of the public library ceased to meet the demands of The digital age of instant information? Have the card catalog; Dewey decimal system, Encyclopedia collections, and reference books simply became museum-like displays of yearsPast?

• For most Indians, the ability to access information by mobile, work, and home internet are a normal reality, this is not the case for the poor who live in the surrounding communities of Dwarka city where the disparity of the digital divide is as apparent.

• The public library must continue to deliver on its core mission of free access to information for all.

• The modern digital access to information does not require any particular form, at the same time the structures of the public library must be evermore ACCESSIBLE, INVITING, and FLEXIBLE. • In the Digital Age, information is becoming digitized, the sharing, storing, and dissemination of information is changing the way people communicate, access and consume information creating a shift in industries such as the education, journalism, business and well as architectural typology changes in physical information spaces like the library. Information is constantly being created due to the efficiency of internet information transfer.

• Relevant and timely information is the key to the advances in information exchange in digital platforms as opposed to physical platforms.

• SOCIAL NETWORKING PLATFORMS BRING TOGETHER MINDS THAT MAY NOT OTHERWISE MEET, WHICH ALLOWS FOR THE FREE EXCHANGE OF IDEAS AND THE EMPOWERMENT OF MARGINALIZED DISCOURSE.

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• SOCIAL NETWORKING PLATFORMS SERVE AS BOTH MANIFESTATION OF AND MEANS BY WHICH TO COMBAT THE DIGITAL DIVIDE. EACH OF THE SITES HOST THRIVING COMMUNITIES THAT ENGAGE WIT OTHERWISE MARGINALIZED POPULATION • Digital information platforms like Twitter is a social networking platform designed around a relevant and timely exchange of information. Users follow each other to gain access to their shared information. A retweet is sharing information where the user feels is relevant to his/her twitter community.

• Intangible digital communities are formed around people with similar interests, trust between the users are built around the consumption and contribution of information.

• SOCIAL MEDIA ENABLES USER TO PARTICIPATE ONLINE AND CREATE CONTENT WITHOUT HAVING TO UNDERSTAND HOW THE TECHNOLOGY WORKS.

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1.5 ISSUES : • • • •

Low literacy rates Limited access to technology Limited availability of linguistically relevant reading material Lack of national policies for the promotion of ICT as a tool for development, political and administrative matters.

1.6 THE NEED FOR REGENERATION: The reason that libraries continue to exist is their ability to adapt. Libraries adapt to the changing priorities and the changing economic status of their service area.

Libraries being most democratic and community-centric points are perceived to be under threat from a shrinking public realm one side and digitalization on the other hand. Today with social media libraries serve many customers who never even come to the library, but yet libraries must continue to build flexible spaces to accommodate new uses and new technologies. While libraries may need to house fewer physical materials, they need space for their members to generate their materials and space for the community to come together and share ideas. Regeneration would allow the public library to behave as community information, knowledge, resource, and information center.

1.7 AIM: To provide unrestricted access to information which is important in the process of free and unbiased mind development by designing a city library for Dwarka sub-city.

1. 8 OBJECTIVE: • Provide access to knowledge in printed and other formats to support formal and informal education. To actively support literacy campaigns as literacy is the key to education and knowledge.

• Play a key role in collecting, organizing, and exploiting information as well as providing access to a wide range of information sources. To bridge the gap by providing public access to the internet as well as providing information in traditional formats.

• Provide access to major collections of the world’s literature and knowledge, including the community’s literature. Make a fundamental contribution to daily survival and social and economic development by being directly involved in providing information to people of developing countries. To provide basic user education.

• To meet the needs of children and young people.

• An important role of the public library is providing a focus for cultural

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• • • • •

and artistic development in the community helping to shape and support the cultural identity of the community. This can be achieved by working in partnerships with the appropriate local and regional organizations. The public library has an important role as a public and meeting space. This is particularly important in communities where there are few places people meet, sometimes addressed as “the drawing-room of the community.”

To understand the role of a public library not only as storage of books but also in terms of individual development.

To study the variety of users/readers coming to a public library in terms of age, background, etc.

To understand allied functions of the public library as a cultural hub.

To understand the social role and social relevance of a public library.

To formulate a design solution or regeneration of a public library such that it provides basic literacy and social development goals and at the same time becomes a center of exploration and innovation for the people of the community.

1.9 SCOPE: • To provide a public library through modern design techniques and design solutions through building information modeling and innovative materials.

• To provide the public with a wide range of information covering a wide range of subjects.

• To provide a library that is a partner of Digital Library(DL) which would make it possible to discover, study, and enjoy cultural treasures from all over the world.

• To provide people with an auditorium, art gallery, and conference halls for events such as meetings and conferences as Open Air Theatre, Cafeteria along with various public spaces like plazas, etc.

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1A PROJECT DETAILS AND LOCATION: 1A.1 SITE LOCATION : • The site is located in Dwarka Sector 17, Delhi.

• Mandir peepal apartments on the left side.

• Sector 13 and sector 14 Delhi metro stations within the reach of 700-1000 meter distance.

• Buddhist Intellectual building on the front side of the site.

• Site Area: 9.8 Acre approx.

• Accessed from two sides by road with road width 60 m.

• Near to GGSIP University.

• Near to Cyber police station.

• Public Library Building will be designed to consider the 13 lakh population of Dwarka Subcity.

1A.2 CONSTRAINTS : • Max.Ground Coverage: 30% • Max. FAR:120 • Max. Height: 26M • Parking @ECS/100sq.m.

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1A.3 SITE LOCATION ON MAP:

•

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LANDUSE PLAN -DRAFT ZONAL PLAN K - II

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SITE PICS

Buddhist Intellectual Building

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1A.4 SITE SURROUNDINGS AND CLIMATE CONDITIONS :

The climate of Delhi is an overla precipitation.

-With an average of 34.3 °C | 93.7 °F, June is the warmest month.

-In January, the average temperature is 14.2 °C | 57.6 °F. -It is the lowest average temperature of the whole year.

-The New Delhi lies on 215m above sea level -The prevailing climate in New Delhi is known as a local steppe climate. During the year, there is little rainfall in New Delhi.

-The temperature here averages 25.2 °C | 77.3 °F. -The annual rainfall is 693 mm | 27.3 inch.p between summer and winter temperatures and

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WIND DIRECTION AND SUN PATH

SOLAR INFORMATION FOR LOCATION ( Solar Time: 12:08 Azi / Alt:

-159.64° / 85.00°

Hour Angle: -1.89° Declination: 23.30° Rise / Set:

04:55 / 18:50

Daylight:

13:54 Hrs

TWILIGHT TIMES Civil:

04:29 / 19:16

Nautical:

03:56 / 19:49

Astronomical: 03:22 / 20:23

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New Delhi Climate graph // Weather by Month

The New Delhi lies on 215m above sea level The prevailing climate in New Delhi is known as a local steppe climate. During the year, there is little rainfall in New Delhi.

This location is classified as BSh by Köppen and Geiger. The temperature here averages 25.2 °C | 77.3 °F. The annual rainfall is 693 mm | 27.3 inch.

With an average of 34.3 °C | 93.7 °F, June is the warmest month. In January, the average temperature is 14.2 °C | 57.6 °F. It is the lowest average temperature of the whole year.

The driest month is April. There is 3 mm | 0.1 inch of precipitation in April. Most precipitation falls in August, with an average of 246 mm | 9.7 inch

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2. LITERATURE STUDY

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2.1 CLASSIFICATION OF LIBRARIES: For this standard, libraries have been grouped into the following categories.

Public Library ( PL ) : a) National Library ( NL ), b) State Library ( SL ), c) City Library ( CL ), d) District Library ( DL ), e) Branch Library ( BL ).

Academic Library ( AL ): a) University Library ( UL ), b) Departmental Library ( DL ), c) College Library ( CL ), and d) School Library ( SL ).

Institutional Library ( IL ) ( Other than Academic Library ): a) Library of a Research Laboratory ( RLL ), b) Industrial Research Library ( IRL ), c) Government Departmental Library ( GDL ), d) Library for Professional Institutions ( LPI ).

Dormitory Library: NOTE-The essential function of a dormitory library is to store reading materials weeded out by any single large library and/or by different service libraries in a region or a state. It is not a service library. Whenever any reading material stored in a dormitory library is required by a reader, it will be sent on to his service library 2.2 LOCATION: The proper location of a library will substantially influence the extent to which its services will be made use of by the reading public. The location of a library should be such that it is conveniently accessible to those it is designed to serve. The site selected for the building should satisfy the following norms:

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a) Adequate separation ( about 10 m ) should preferably be available between the building and the other neighboring buildings. b) The site shall not be in the immediate neighborhood of any hazardous occupancy.

C) The site shall abut on a road of not less than 12 m widths. One end of the road shall join another road of the same width and the road shall not have a dead end. d) An adequate supply of water is assured for fire ‘fighting purposes. e) A public fire brigade is within easy running distance from the site.

The following general considerations shall apply regarding the location of different kinds of libraries.

Public Library: A public library shall be centrally situated along with other community buildings.

Academic Library: An academic library shall be located centrally concerning classrooms, research rooms, and laboratories. There shall be convenient access from these for the library.

Institutional Library: An institutional library shall be located centrally concerning the workplaces of its members.

Dormitory Library: A dormitory library may be located in an area where land is inexpensive and available for future extension. It shall have unobstructed access all the year-round from the service library concerned.

2.3 SIZE OF LIBRARIES: The size of different libraries varies with the volume of the service to be rendered.

ROOMS REQUIRED IN EACH TYPE OF LIBRARY:

Essential rooms required to be provided for different types of libraries are given in Table 1.

The size of the rooms shall depend upon the actual requirements in each case. The general requirements for sizes are however given in Table 1.

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Where necessary, two or more users may be accommodated in one room depending upon the size and the kind of library and the intensity to its use.

Additional rooms may be added to those given in Table 1 to meet special needs, such as reprography, music library, map library, etc.

2.4 CIRCULATION: Each floor of the library building shall be atoned a single level to facilitate the movement of book trolley from one part to another. Thresholds shall not be provided anywhere inside the building.

• The movement of the book trolley from one tier to another where there are three or more tiers in the stack room should be through electric lifts provided within the stack room with landing at every tier of the stack room and another connected adjacent room. In large libraries where quick mechanical carriage of books and related materials are required, special arrangements, such as pneumatic tubes and belt conveyors may become necessary. This may require to be considered at the initial stages of the design of the library and its building.

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• The rooms shall be arranged in such a way that the staff other than those servicing the reading room shall not-have to pass through the reading room disturbing the readers.

Control Region: Entrance to the library building and exit from it shall be only through the counter enclosure in the general reading room at the point of ~entrance from the entrance lobby.

• The control region shall be so arranged as not to permit any contact between a person in the reading room and a person in the entrance or exit gangway.

• All the other open areas resulting between the stack room and the wings of the main building shall be properly enclosed to ensure the safety of books.

2.5 RELATIVE POSITIONS OF ROOMS: • The stack room should be so placed that it is easily accessible from and proximate to every part of the library.

• The catalog room should be like an anteroom to the stack room on the way from the general reading room.

• The general reading room should be close to the entrance.

• Periodicals room may be further removed from the general reading room. But independent access to it shall be possible when the other rooms in the library are closed.

• Special reading rooms may be still further removed from the general reading room.

• The librarian or the deputy librarian should have his room close to the general reading room.

• The rooms of the technical and administrative staff should be placed close to the rooms of the librarian and the deputy librarian.

• The technical staff shall have independent access to the stack and ‘ catalog areas.

• The cubicles, the rooms for group study, the committee room, etc, maybe in a separate wing or a separate floor.

• The exhibition room may be combined with the entrance lobby or placed as close to it as possible.

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2.6 SIZES OF ROOMS, GANGWAYS, AND POSITION OF GANGWAYS: Gangways: Gangways are not only essential for the efficient functioning of the library but also to allow easy access/passage to firemen to various parts of a room/building. The minimum clear width of gangways shall be as follows:

a) Longitudinal gangway not less than 1 m, b) Cross gangway not less than 1’35 m, and c) End ‘gangway ( between the end wall and nearest row of racks/reading table ) not less than 1.325 m.

• All gangways shall be maintained clear without any obstruction whatsoever, at all times. No books, records or furniture or any other article shall be placed in a gangway.

• A typical arrangement of gangways is illustrated in Fig. 1.

• The dimensions of stack room should be as follows ( see also Fig. 1 ): a) Clew Length in Metres, 1.80 n + 3.10 where n is the number of rows of book racks*.

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*Each unit book rack 2 m long may be assumed to house 700 to 750 volumes and 1 m2 of stack room area may be assumed to house 150 volumes.

b) Clear Width: 1) 3 m (based on &l rack, plus one longitudinal gangway close to a longitudinal wall; 2) 5 m (based on 2 racks, each 2 m long plus one longitudinal gangway of 1 m ) close to a longitudinal wall; 3) 8 m (based on 3 racks, each 2 m long plus two longitudinal gangways of I m each ) close to each of the longitudinal walls; and 4) 10 m (based on 4 racks, each 2 m long plus two longitudinal gangways of 1 m each ) close to each of the longitudinal walls. 2 m long of l m) NOTE - Three meters and five meters width are generally used only in the case of stack spaces as the stack room and the reading room may be combined into a single room in such cases.

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c) Clear Height: Floor to ceiling, 2.40 m.

NOTES: 1. The height of the rack is 2.20 m and allowance for bay guides is 0.20 m.

2. The stack room should be combined with necessary devices for effective ventilation.

Reading Room: The average area per reader in the reading room should be 2.33 m2, Min. An illustrative layout of the reading room is shown in Fig. 2.

The sizes of the other rooms shall normally be as follows:

NOTE -The size of the reading table as shown in Fig. 2 is 24 m x O-6 m. The center-to-center, distance between two consecutive rows of reading room tables is l-8 m with seating arrangement on one side of the table only. Dimensions of rooms other than those mentioned above are to be determined according to local needs.

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2.7 BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION : 12.1 Building design and construction should take into account the following aspects especially to ensure fire safety at the design and construction stage itself. The site shall be large enough to ensure that: a) adequate passageway ( not less than 6 m wide ) and clearances required for fire appliances too. enter the premises is provided; the width of the main entrance shall be not less than 4’5 m; if an arch or covered gate is constructed, it shall shave a clear headroom of not less than 5 m; b) Separate open spaces are available to park cars and/or other vehicles in addition to( a ), and c) a clear passageway of 6 m width is maintained contiguous to and around the building.

Building Design : 2.7.1 Stack Room • This is the most important and valuable feature of any library. It is, therefore, essential that it is suitably compartmented, both horizontally and vertically, to ensure that fire in any compartment cannot spread to other compartments.

• Each stack room shall be so oriented as to avoid the direct sun ( through windows, etc ), • The relative position of each stack room, vis-a-vis other rooms or buildings, shall be such that any fire outside the stack room cannot spread to it.

• Where the stack room has several tiers of racks, each tier shall be separated from the succeeding one by a non-combustible floor. The intervening floors must not have any apertures in them. Any arrangement where the book racks extend through several floor levels and the stack floors are merely platforms, which provide a walkway through the stacks and result in slotlike openings between the stacks and the walkways, shall be strictly avoided to prevent the rapid, uninterrupted upward spread of a possible fire.

• Each stack room shall be divided into compartments so that no single compartment shall have a floor area exceeding 400 m”. Where possible, the area of each compartment may be further reduced.

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•

•

• •

• •

Each compartmentation wall shall be entire of non-combustible construction with a fire-resistance rating of not less than two hours. No opening shall be provided in any compartmentation wall except for a door, if unavoidable. In all such cases, the door shall be a self-closing fire/smoke check door with a fireresistance taking of not less than one hour.

Windows in the sidewalls of the stack room shall be opposite each cross gangway. Each window shall be provided with glazed shutters and additionally protected with a wire fabric. The wire fabric shall be of suitable mesh to prevent squirrels, rats, etc, from passing through. The glazed shutter, when-fully open, shall not project into the gangway.

Each stack room shall be at the same level as the test of the floor served by it.

The stack room shall not be provided with any threshold.

In multi-storeyed buildings where lift(s) may be required for vertical movement of books/records, the lift(s) shall be electrically operated with landing at each level in the stack room. The lift(s) shall have solid non-combustible doors with a fire-resistance rating of 2 hours and shall not be used as passenger lift(s). Where passenger lift(s) are required, these shall be installed separately and away from the stack rooms.

Stack room shall be so designed that it cannot get flooded and rainwater cannot enter it through windows, ventilators, etc. The room shall be damp-proof.

All services, such as lighting and electrical fittings, air-conditioning, sound insulation, etc, as may be necessary, shall be considered at the initial stages of the design of the library and its building.

2.7.2 Reading Room: As far as possible, the reading room shall be designed to admit natural light but where this is not possible, adequate illumination shall be provided to enable readers to use the facility without any strain on their eyes and also without any glare. Consideration may be given to the installation of fixed table lights. If any reading room is accessible directly from the outside, all windows and ventilators shall be provided with wire fabric of suitable mesh to prevent rats, squirrels, etc, from passing through. Also, glazed shutters shall be provided.

2.7.3 Catalog Room: Because of its importance and proximity to the stack room, the various design aspects given for the stack room must be also complied with for the catalog room.

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2.7.4 Other Rooms: Other rooms may be located according to the convenience of use concerning day-to-day working. Some examples are given here. a) Rooms in the proximity of or directly communicating with the catalog room and the stack room shall be fitted with self-closing fire/ check doors of not less than 1 h rating. b) All windows and ventilators in the rooms accessible from outside shall be provided with wire fabric to prevent books, periodicals, etc, being, passed out through them. c) Canteen for the readers and the staff shall preferably be placed in an independent building well separated from other buildings. Where this is not possible, the canteen kitchen shall be isolated from the adjoining rooms by fire-resisting walls of not less than 2 h rating, fitted with self-closing fire check doors of not less than 1 h rating. In any case, the canteen shall not be placed in proximity to the catalog and the stack rooms.

2.7.5 Compound: A compound with adequate open space all around the buildings shall be provided to ensure adequate separation of buildings from the adjoining property and adequate space for internal roads, car park, water sources for fire fighting and an incinerator.

• The entry gate to the compound shall have a clear width of not less than 4.5m.

• Paved access-ways shall be provided within the compound to enable vehicles to have access to parking areas and fire appliances to have access to water sources and the various buildings in the complex. Each of these accessways shall be not less than 5 m in width. Turnings shall be widened and hard standing(s) provided, where necessary, to ensure easy maneuverability of fire appliances.

• The parking area for cars and other vehicles shall be placed well away ( not less than 6 m clear ) from any building.

• The location of the incinerator shall be well away from any building or adjacent property. Where necessary, a suitable fire-resisting enclosure of suitable height shall be provided for the incinerator to ensure its fire separation from buildings.

• Paved surfaces shall be provided up to a distance of 3 m around each building to prevent the growth of grass or other vegetation in that area.

2.7.6 Underground and Windowless Buildings:

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• Buildings or portions of buildings that are completely underground, or largely so, or are windowless, or are completely ventilated by mechanical means do offer advantages in controlling temperature, humidity, and air pollution but such buildings pose special problems for fire extinguishment and life safety in the event of a fire. The problems are accentuated if there is a failure of power supply which may impair the lighting and ventilation system. Such buildings are, therefore, not recommended.

• Where it is unavoidable to house library in buildings identified above, the following provisions shall be made: a) Alternative means for the safe venting of heat and products of combustion, b) Adequate roof ventilation, c) Means for safe emergency evacuation of persons who may be present in the building at the time of a fire, d) Means of access for the fire brigade to the fire area. Consideration may be given for this purpose to the provision of ‘knockout’ panels, located to permit direct access to well-maintained aisles within the building. e) Automatic fire detection and alarm system, and f) Automatic sprinkler system ( in addition to the automatic fire detection system ).

2.7.7 Building Construction: Building/compartment of a building for housing books/valuable; vital and permanent records shall have a fire-resistance equal to not less than that of Type-1 construction, as specified in IS 1642:1988 and shall comply with the following minimum requirements: a) Use of combustible materials shall be avoided in the construction of the building/ compartment or any portion thereof, including the floor, roof, lining, surface finish, doors, and windows. b)Each compartment/room for storage of books/records shall be effectively segregated from other compartments/rooms and other portions of the building, both laterally and vertically. For this purpose, openings between floors in multi-storeyed buildings shall be protected so that a fire on one floor cannot spread to the floors above or below. Stairways, lifts, and cable/pipe shafts shall be properly enclosed or protected so that openings do not detract from the ability of the floor assembly to resist the passage of fire. The separating walls/enclosures, including enclosures for all vertical openings, such as stair-wells, shall have a fire-resistance of not less than that of Type-1 construction, as specified in IS 1642: 1988 with all openings protected by fire check doors of not less than one-hour fire resistance.

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c) Floors/ stagings in storeyed buildings or specially built records facilities shall not be grated or perforated because such construction aids the rapid vertical spread of fire. d) Roofs of buildings 'compartments housing books/records and floors of storeyed record storage facilities shall be leakproof. In the latter case, adequate drainage must be provided at all floor levels to prevent the accumulation of water during fire fighting operations.

2.8 OTHER SERVICES AND AMENITIES: • Water closets, urinals, washbasins, and other similar facilities shall be provided under the requirements laid down in IS 1172: 1983.

• Adequate provision should be made for the canteen, restrooms for the readers and the staff, parking area, first aid room, etc, where necessary.

• Suitable provision for suspending bay guides from the ceiling of each tier of the stack room should be made.

For example, at a depth of about 50 mm from the ceiling of each tier of the stack room and a distance of about 50 mm from both sides of a row of book racks, a rod may be run from wall to wall of the stack rooms, so that frames holding the bay guides may be suspended and slid along.

• Requirements for the use of the library for night reading, where needed, may be kept in view when designing a library.

• Adequate consideration shall be given to protect the area of the library from dust, dampness, insects, rodents, etc.

• For details of fire protection and safety, reference shall be made to IS 11460: 1985.

2.8.1 LIGHTING

AND OTHER ELECTRICAL POINTS:

• The General lighting shall be such as would easily suffice the reader at the desk and between the aisles of the stacks when looking for a volume.

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• While locating fan points and light points, care shall be exercised to see that the intervention of the shadow of the blades of the revolving fan does not further worsen the flickering effect of the fluorescent lighting.

• Adequate provision of plug points for servicing with vacuum cleaners, sprayers, etc, should be provided at appropriate areas.

• Emergency lighting shall be provided at suitable points, for example, staircases, reading rooms, gangways, control regions, and bathrooms.

2.8.2 NOISE CONTROL: • Internal noise consisting generally of conversation, frictional noise (chairs scraping the floor and the impact of heels on a hard floor ) and mechanical noises ( from book hoists and typewriters ) shall be controlled effectively, for example, by using noise absorbing materials in the ceiling, walls, floors, and partitioning surfaces.

• All legs of movable furniture should be provided with rubber shoes. The book trolleys should be with rubber tires.

• The maximum acceptable noise level in a library should be 40 to 45 dB. 2.8.3 AIRCONDITIONING:

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2.9 LIBRARY WORKSPACES 2.9.1 READING TABLE

2.9.2 SHELVES

• Shelf aisles should not be more than 3 m long •

Books should be carried in trolleys 0.92m x 0.99m x 0.5m

•

Clear space between shelves atleast 1.3m-1.4m

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2.10 AUDITORIUM : 2.10.1 Auditorium, the part of a public building where an audience sits, as distinct from the stage, the area on which the performance or other object of the audience’s attention is presented. In a large theatre. An auditorium includes several floor levels frequently designed as stalls, private boxes, dress, circle, balcony or upper circle, and gallery. A sloping floor allows the seats to be arranged to give a clear view of the stage. The walls and ceiling usually contain concealed light and sound equipment and air extracts or inlets and may be highly decorated.

2.10.2 Size of the auditorium: An area of at least 0.5 sq.mtr. per spectator is to be used for sitting spectators. This number is divided from a seat width x row spacing of at least 0.45sq.mtr. per seat, plus an additional min. of 0.5-0.9mtr. i.e. approx. 0.5 sq.mtr. per seat.

2.10.3 Length of row: Amax. Of 16 seats per aisle. 25 seats per aisle are permissible if one side exit door of 1mtr. Width is provided per 3-4 rows.

2.10.4 Exits, escape routes: 1mtr. Wide per 150 people (min. width 0.8mtr.)

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2.10.5 Seating Layout: The seating layout in an auditorium depends mainly on the selection of format- the relationship between audience and performers and the visual & aural limitations associated with a particular type of production as well as the number of levels and sightlines.

For best visibility, a staggered seating arrangement should be provided.

Max area per seat = 0.7-0.9 sq.mtr.

Sitting arrangement on a balcony

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Sitting arrangement on a ramped floor

Max width of seats = 0.55mtr.

Width of seats without arms = 0.5mtr.

Back to the back distance between rows of seats without back = Min width of gangway = 1mtr.

2.10.6 Spaces in Auditorium: House: It is the main seating area.

Gangways: A passage between two rows of seats. The minimum gangway should be 1100mm wide.

Gangways can be ramped up to a ratio of 1:10 to 1:12.

Aisle: The walkway between each area, a row of seats to permit ease of passage.

Wing: The platform adjacent to the stage for keeping props.

Fire Curtain: A curtain or asbestos or other fire-proof material that can be lowered just inside the proscenium arch in case of fire.

Proscenium: It is the area of a theatre surrounding the stage opening. A proscenium plane divides the performer and spectators.

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Lobby: The lobby is a room in a theatre which is used for public entry to the building from the outside. Ticket counters, coat check, concessions, and restrooms are all usually located in, or just off the lobby.

Box office: A place where tickets are sold to the public for admission to a venue.

The green room: The lounge backstage. This is the room where actors and other performers wait in when they are not needed on stage or in their dressing rooms.

Balconies/Galleries: one or more raised seating platforms towards the rear of the auditorium.

The control booth, control room, lighting box, technical booth, tech booth, or Just booth to theatre or television technicians in the area designated for the Operation of technical equipment (lighting and sound).

The Stage: Small Stage: less than 100 mtr.2 Full Stage: more than 100 mtr.2

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Number of seats in a row: With traditional seating, the maximum number in a row is limited to 22 if there are gangways at both ends of the row and 11 if a gangway is on one side only.

Row to row spacing: For traditional seating, the minimum is 300 mm and this dimension increases with the number of seats in a row.

For continental seating, the clearway is to be not less than 400 mm and not more than 500 mm.

Stage lighting: The provision for stage lighting should be such that any part of the stage can be lit from as many different angles as possible.

The main sources are the overhead within the stage and the auditorium from side slots and less frequently from the footlights.

Overhead lighting is particularly important and should be arranged to strike the actor’s face at about 45° above horizontal.

The location of lighting bars over the stage and the lighting bridges over the auditorium can be worked by arranging the cone of light to fall between 55° to 40° so that the whole stage can be covered.

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Stage dimensions: Width 18mtr. And depth 12mtr.

Height: Normal stage height varies from 0.7 to 1.2mtr. Optimum being 0.9mtr. The stage must be below the eye level of the seated audience in the first row.

Width of proscenium: Min. width is 12, 18mtr. Usual and 24 meters. Max. Proscenium height: The aspect ratio for proscenium heights varies from 1:2 to 2:3 of the width. If the proscenium width is kept 60° then height varies between 9 to 12 meters.

2.10.7 Changing Room

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[Neufert Data] An area of 0.5mtr.2 is required approximately per spectator.

Exit route: 1mtr. Wide per 150 people Good view without head movement but a slight eye movement of 30° Maximum perception angle without head movement is about 110° 2.10.8 General considerations while designing an auditorium 1. Visual

2. Ventilation

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3.Acoustical

Seating

Stage

Room Shape

Room Walls

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3.CASE STUDIES

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3.1 CASE STUDY-1 3.1.1 INTRODUCTION • The Parliament Library of India is located at the heart of Lutyens’ urban design for New Delhi, to the northwest of Baker’s Parliament House. st • The Library was expected to be ‘apt for the 21 century’ ,while also complementing the majestic heritage from the British colonial period.

• Building contains basic library functions, parliamentary services and related facilities over four floors, two of them below ground.

• All public spaces on the upper floors are covered by structural lattices of different patterns, surmounted by shallow bubble domes that create a sculptural landscape on the roof

3.1.2 SITE AND SURROUNDINGS:

• The site is close to the majestic complex of imperial buildings that flank the expansive Raj path (Kingsway).

• The avenue runs for two kilometers from east to west, from Lutyens’ Viceroy’s House (now the residential palace Rashtrapati Bhawan) and Baker’s twin secretariat buildings (now ministries) to India Gate, Lutyens’ war memorial.

• To the north of the ministries is Baker’s Parliament House (Sansad Bhawan), a massive circular structure 170 meters in diameter, surrounded by a giant colonnade in beige granite that sits atop a one-storey- high podium in red sandstone.

• The height of the Library could not exceed the height of this podium. The porch behind the colonnade is a

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• The rest of the building has an introverted scheme, with the central hall surrounded by three chambers and three courtyards.

• The 10-acre triangular site for the Library lies northwest of the Parliament site, a triangle of equal size with a restricted road in between. Vehicle access is from Talkotora and Pandit Pant roads.

• Site conditions and trees prohibited the northwestern corner of the plan from being built, leaving the square incomplete. Otherwise the plan, with its courtyards and axes, is similar to historic precedents.

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• The plan of the building is inspired by pre-colonial Indian architecture such as the magnificent Taj Mahal, with its square base and symmetrical composition.

• The plan of the richly adorned Datia Palace (1614 A.D.) in central India is said to be reminiscent of the ancient Indian mandala.

• Another inspiration is the Adinatha Temple (1439 A.D.) at Ranakpur in western India. Adinatha is square in plan, with cardinal axes meeting at the center, leaving open-to-sky courtyards in the leftover spaces. In addition to being icons of Indian architecture, courtyard plans admit daylight and have social and climatic advantages.

• Historically, Indian buildings with interior open-air spaces helped in defense. But for Rewal, in a library that needs neither defense nor ceremony, such forms seem to symbolize an introversion characteristic of the ancient Indian guru.

INSPIRATIONAL SOURCE FOR THE PLANNING OF THE LIBRARY.

CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT IN RELATION TO THE GEOMETRY OF PARLIAMENT HOUSE.

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SCHOLARS ENTRANCE SCHOLARS LIBRARY

LIBRARY BLOCK

BPST BLOCK

MPS READING ROOM ENTRY FROM PARLIAMENT (V.I.P)

FOCAL CENTRE

ATRIUM

COMMITTEE ROOM

MP’S ENTRANCE

RESEARCH AND ARCHIVE

PRESS CENTER

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AUDITORIUM

RESEARCH AND ARCHIVE

DIGITAL LIBRARY/MUSEUM

PUBLIC RECEPTION

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3.1.3 GROUND FLOOR LIBRARY Maximum area is occupied by the stacks to house 3 million parliament books.

• The second basement floor is completely stacked with official documents, old newspapers and books.

• Whereas the first basement has a double height reading area.

• The periodicals on the ground floor along with net

TOTAL BUILT UP PIE CHART OF LIBRARY AREAS.

browsing area whereas first floor has maximum reading area naturally lighted with surmounted dome.

PERIODICAL

PERIODICAL STACKS

CHIEF LIBRARIAN OFFICE

M.P READING HALL

ENTRANCE

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PARLIAMENT LIBRARY, NEW DELHI:

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3.1.4 .DESIGN CONCEPT

• The central function of the complex is the Parliament Library- a house of knowledge, symbolically a place of enlightenment.

• The design concept with its connotations of an inward looking building reflects a specific preference for subtle spatial enclosures rather than forms of grandeur.

• The design is based on the context of the site and the nature of the proposed building.

The aim is to seek a low key architectural expression signifying sagacity, even spiritual elegance rather than compete with the power of the parliament.

• The second basement floor of the main building will have closed stacks, covering 8,000 square meters of area.

• The open stacks having approximate area of 2,700 square meters are predominantly provided in the first basement of the main building.

• The building will have eight committee rooms and a banquet hall.

• Kitchen / canteen facilities for nearly 500 persons are also being provided apart from a number of kitchenettes / snack bars.

• The analogy of a relationship between a guru and the king may not be far fetched while comparing the proposed library with the existing Parliament building.

• Both visually and symbolically, the central hall of the existing Parliament denoting peoples’ power, consensus and democracy, is linked to the central core of the new complex, symbolizing knowledge on a central axis, through a sequence of spaces culminating in a new auditorium for 1,100 persons.

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• The focal centre, place of enlightenment provide natural light even to two basements.

• Natural light pours into the MPs reading room. Its structural light tubular frames and juxta position of wood and glass bricks according to inner space a translucent quality.

• Hand crafted stone jails are used throughout the building.

• The calm pond in one court yard symbolizes equality.

• For the roof of the museum and library we have proposed a structural system of diagram of steel tube spanning 30 – 40 metres.

• It protrudes above the roof and it covered with shallow domes of concretes and glass brick.

• The aim is to provide a light and elegant structural system which could be viewed from long distance only.

• For the central focal point of library activities he had proposed a dynamic glass dome framed with stainless steel structural members in form of four petals.

• The focal domes provide the natural light for the two basements at centre of the building.

• The Parliament Library has two distinct structural systems. The structural arrangement for lower floors is based on a diagram of prefabricated concrete coffers at 1.2 metres (with spans up to 10 metres) supported by circular column of concrete encased in sandstone.

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3.1.5 BUILDING SERVICES • The auditorium is equipped with the state-of-the-art digital Dolby to surround sound system for 35 mm film projection; a wireless simultaneous interpretation system for ground plus four language interpretation; video projection system with high power Xenon illumination system with an output of 10,000 ANSI lumens; and stage light system with scanner controlled FOH lights.

• The Computer Centre which is centrally air-conditioned is equipped with most modern facilities such as an access control system with the magnetic card, glare-free lighting, closed-circuit TV, automatic fire detection, and fire fighting system in addition to inbuilt public address systems.

• All other services along with the parking area in the basements.

3.1.6 SOME E&M SERVICES PROVIDED ARE: • Central air-conditioning of 45,000 Sqm. of the building, with 5 x 500 TR centrifugal chilling machines including winter heating and dehumidification.

• Automatic, intelligence fire alarm systems, duly integrated with AHUs, PA system, and Fire Check Doors, for co-ordinated functioning in case of fire.

• A non-wet fire-fighting system with NAFS-III gas in the computer center and microfilming store & CO for Switch Rooms.

• CCTV for surveillance, library operations, and display of proceedings in Parliament.

• PA system in most parts of the building.

• Video projection system, Digital conferencing systems, and Simultaneous Interpretation system in Committee Rooms.

• Car control systems for the parking area.

• Parking for 286 cars in the basement

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3.1.7 THE LATTICE DOMICAL STRUCTURE • Various public spaces are roofed over with a variety of domes that are listed above and float over rings of light.

•

.

These steel structures are based on squares, hexagons, and octagons that form a steel lattice

• These are composed of steel tubes that are ten centimeters in diameter.

• The joints are cast separately at foundries in south India and then connected to the tubes with bolts. The entire structure of domes is supported by circular ring beams that are lifted above the roof level by a series of columns. The resultant vertical plane was filled with a combination of glass and glass bricks.

• The central dome spans 82 feet (25 meters) entirely made up of conventional reflective glass that reduces glare and heat buildup. The dome is at the intersection of the building’s two main axes. The intersection point projects up in form of 2 bands formed by structural frames held by a network of steel cables.

• Other domes are made up of thin fiber-reinforced concrete shells.

• The slabs are offered to support large spans.

DOME FOR THE ENTRANCE HALL

INTERNAL TREATMENT OF SURFACE WOODEN ACOUSTIC TILES ON THE CEILING OF THE BANQUET HALL AND MEETING ROOM

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THE GLASS ROOF SPANS OVER THE FOCAL CENTRE

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LATTICE STRUCTURE RIOOFING THE SCHOLAR’S LIBRARY

BANQUET HALL, DETAIL OF LATTICE SUPPORTED

BY STEEL RING BEAM

LATTICE STRUCTURE ROOFING THE VIP ENTRANCE.

VIEW SHOWING THE STRUCTURAL FRAMEWORK OF THE FOCAL CENTRE DOME

• The focal centre is located at the cross axis of the library complex,. Externally it is also the highest point of the composition. It is a glass dome framed with stainless steel structural members in the form of four petals.

• The parabolic forms of the petals are tied together on top to a square member and laced together underneath with tensile rods.

3.1.8 ROOF GARDEN:

• The extensive roof garden of the library provides a picturesque view of an undulating landscape punctuated by a series of sculptural domes.

• In the winter the garden becomes a public space, where scholars and parliamentarians alike can meet and discuss the days proceedings; in the summer the sixty centimeters of earth provide a thermal mass which effectively insulates the floors beneath it.

• This strategy of using the earth as an insulating barrier is further exploited by placing two floors below natural ground level.

VIEW TOWARDS BUREAU OF PARLIAMENTARY STUDIES

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VIEW OF ONE OF THE COURTYARDS.

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3.1.9 COURTYARDS: • The three courtyards that form the inner core of the building provide the surrounding spaces with a dust free environment (a major consideration for any building in the hot and dusty Indo-gangetic plain) from where a soft diffused light emanates.

• Each courtyard symbolizes one aspect of the Indian constitution. One is an amphitheater, symbolizing freedom of expression. Another courtyard has a pool DETAIL OF THE PLANTATION OF ROOF GARDEN.

of water symbolizing equality.

• A tree forms the focal point of the third courtyard, representing social justice 3.1.10 BUILDING MATERIALS AND FINISHES:

• The use of Red and Beige Sandstone in the new building ensures the harmony between the new library and the existing parliament. The protruding ceiling canopy protects the glass windows from harsh sun rays.

• Circular columns are cladded with sandstone.

• Use of hand carved jaalis and sandstone panels.

• Use of glass bricks to lighten up the basement.

GLASS BRICKS ARE USED TO LIGHT UP THE TWO BASEMENTS

HANDCRAFTED STONE JAALIS ARE USED FOR ACOUSTIC CONSIDERATION

SANDSTONE CLAD CIRCULAR COLUMNS, HAND CARVED JAALIS AND SANDSTONE PANELS CONSTRUCTION OF ENTRANCE HALL DOME

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3.1.11 INFERENCES:

• Lighting and Ventilation is as per standard.

• Firefighting Arrangements with Fire Alarm System • Service Staircase and Fire Escape Staircase •

Acoustics and Heating Ventilation

• Safety and Security of Users and Building • Proper Air between Stacks and provision of Bay guides • Glassed Partitions • Steel Racks with Wooden Panel • Building blend with surroundings and environment.

• Columns, beams and domes are used.

• Courtyards and amphitheatres are present.

•

Use of past historic styles and Indian tradition.

• The result of large glass dome creates magical views of blue sky and seasonal monsoon clouds •

Coffered slabs for large spans

• Parking facility for 286 cars

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3.2 CASE STUDY-2 3.2.1 British Council, New Delhi

• In 1987, Ar. Charles Correa was commissioned to design a new building for the British Council in Delhi.

• The five-story building was formally opened in the year 1992(October).

• This building is the headquarter of the British council in India, celebrates the rich palimpsest of ideas and cultures that is India.

• It houses several diverse functions, including a library, an auditorium, an art gallery, and their headquarters in India.

• These elements are arranged in a series of layers, recalling the historic interfaces that have been existed here over the last several centuries.

• The design reflects a conceptual progression of Indian history with interior and exterior spaces flowing into one another through the use of courtyards, pillars, and fountains.

3.2.2 CONCEPT:

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3.2.3 THE THREE AXES ALONG with THE SITE PLAN :

A mundi of hinduism, A spiritual bindu - the Energy centre of cosmos.

There is islamic char bagh i.e. Garden of paradise .

The axis of the building , Which also shows three Different religions

European icon inlaid in Marble and granite used To represent the values They brought from the Age of reason, including The mythic values of science And progress.

The entrance gate Looking down to head of shiva at far end of the site.

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3.2.4 SECTION

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3.2.5 PLAN

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3.3INTERNET STUDY : 3.3.1 SEATTLE CENTRAL LIBRARY: LOCATION: Seattle, Washington, USA ARCHITECT: OMA + LMN YEAR: 1999-2004 SIZE: 38,300 sqm BRANCHES: 26 HIGHLIGHT: PROGRAMMATIC CLUSTERS FIVE STABLE AND FOUR INSTABLE

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3.3.2 Introduction:

•

The design of the architect 's career clinched Rem Koolhaas because it is an impressive building that combines futuristic lines with the functionality of a library.

•

From the outside, you can see a large glass building, straight lines that intersect. It is articulated by large blocks at different levels corresponding to the library premises.

•

The " spiral ", was a new way of delivering books to customers within a library system . Instead of books on different shelves and floors, the spiral inclined allowed a continuous row of books that make them " easy to navigate ".

3.3.3 ILLUSTRATIONS SHOWING CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF THE BUILDING:

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4. DESIGN PROPOSAL

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4.1 Design Program : The idea is to understand and establish a relationship with the components being: • • •

RESOURCES PROVIDED SPACES: FORMAL AND INFORMAL USER / READER

of the public library building generating the institution to behave as an open public forum and as an urban catalyst to keep stimulating the process of creating intellectual communities.

The spaces will be planned on the principle of flexibility and adaptability to cater to the current needs of the user population, library staff, and library media along with the

changing face of the public library as a social and cultural space. Categories for Design Program are as follows:

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4.2 DESIGN EVOLUTION AND CONCEPT:

The design makes a conscious choice when creating structure within the natural world.

The choices available are to either harmonize with the surroundings (natural or constructed) or to stand apart from them.

To harmonize with the environment is to blend in, sympathetic to the nature of the landscaping or adjacent structures, becoming a coherent component within the contextual area.

To stand apart creates a distinct statement relative to the design solution. This statement includes the isolation of the design solution within the built environment, setting it apart as a focal point within the greater area. To create in this manner within a natural environment constitutes the statement of mankind's impact on the world; dominance, manipulation, and focus is the resulting perception.

THE MAIN CONCEPT IS TO DEVELOPE A SIMPLE, MINIMAL, AND FUNCTIONAL BUILDING TO HARMONIZE WITH THE ENVIRONMENT YET STAND APART AS A FOCAL POINT WITHIN THE GREATER AREA.

MAIN BUILDING

PLAZA CREATING A NATURAL

(FOCAL POINT)

ENVIRONMENT FOR READERS AND VISITORS

BASIC CONCEPTUAL SKETCH

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4.2.1 AREA STATEMENT : TOTAL SITE AREA: 39504 SQM AS PER BYELAWS MAX.GROUND COVERAGE: 30% MAX FAR: 120 MAX HEIGHT: 26 M FRONT SETBACK : 15 M REAR AND SIDE SETBACKS: 12M PARKING @2ECS/100SQM. AS PER DESIGN CALCULATIONS: PERMISSIBLE FAR: 120% I.E. (47,404.8 SQ.M.) FAR COVERED: 110% (35340) PERMISSIBLE GC: 30% (11851 SQ.M.) GROUND COVERAGE TAKEN:22.4 % (8840 SQ.M.) TOTAL GREEN AREA: 38.1%(15061 SQ.M. ) TOTAL PAVED AREA EXCLUDING GROUND COVERAGE: 39.5(15603 SQ.M.) MAX NO.OF ECS: 619 SURFACE PARKING : 46 FOUR WHEELERS 120 TWO WHEELERS BASEMENT 1 PARKING: 136 FOUR WHEELER 95 TWO WHEELER BASEMENT 2 PARKING : 238 FOUR WHEELER 195 TWO WHEELER 4.2.2 STRUCTURE : • • • •

REINFORCED COLUMN BEAM SLAB STRUCTURE IS USED. COLUMN DIMENSION: 450MM X 450MM BEAM DIMENSION: 300MM X 600MM 150 MM THICK SLAB

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• REINFORCED CAST IN SITU STAIRCASE 4.2.3 LIGHT AND VENTILATION : • ALL POSSIBLE MEASURES HAS BEEN TAKEN to ENSURE MAXIMUM NATURAL LIGHT IN THE BUILDING AND TO CUT THE SUN RADIATIONS AS THEY CAN HARM THE BOOKS AND PAPERS IN THE LIBRARY. • FOR VENTILATION AND COOLING PURPOSE CENTRALISED HVAC SYSTEM IS USED WITH HAVING SERVICE THROUGH TERRACE AND BASEMENT AND CONNECTS TO ALL FLOORS VIA DUCTS. • ATRIUM IS PROVIDED TO LIT UP THE INTERIOR SPACE OF BUILDING THROUGH NATURAL MEANS WHICH IS COVERED FROM THE TOP BY A SPACE FRAME SKYLIGHT. • AND TO REDUCE THE ENERGY COST SOLAR PANEL WILL BE USED ON TERRACE TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY.

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4.3 SHAPE EVOLUTION AND ZONING OF FLOORS:

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4.4 SITE PLAN :

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4.5 SHADOW ANALYSIS :

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4.6 GROUND FLOOR PLAN :

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4.7 FIRST FLOOR PLAN :

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4.8 SECOND FLOOR PLAN :

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4.9 THIRD FLOOR PLAN :

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4.10 TERRACE FLOOR PLAN :

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4.11 BASEMENT 1:

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4.12 BASEMENT 2:

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4.13 SECTION :

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4.14 ELEVATION :

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4.15 VIEWS:

AIRIAL VIEW VIEW FROM OAT

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BIRD EYE VIEW

VIEW FROM VEHICULAR ENTRY

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VIEW FROM WOODEN DECK IN LOWER PLAZA

VIEW FROM PORCH AREA

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VIEW FROM PEDESTRIAN ENTRANCE

VIEW FROM UPPER PLAZA SEATING

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VIEW FROM PEDESTRIAN ENTRANCE VIA PARKING

VIEW FROM 3RD FLOOR NORTH SIDE

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VIEW FROM SERVICE ENTRANCE

VIEW FROM OAT

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5. BIBLIOGRAPHY :

• • • • • • •

TIME SAVERS STANDARDS FOR ARCHITECTURE DESIGN NUEFERT ARCHITECTS DATA NBC 2016 MDP- 2020 K-11Report (ENGLISH)l 70108 IS.1553.1989 URL:  http://www. chengfolio. com/google map customizer#administrative/labels .icon/444444/on/adminis trative.country/geometry.stroke/444444/off/administrative.province/geom etry.stroke/444444/off/landscape/geometry/e3e3e3/on/landscape.natural/la bels/bbbbbb/on/poi/all/444444/off/road/all/cccccc /simplified/roa d/labels/444444/off/transit/labels.icon/ 444444/off/transit/geometry/ 444444/off/transit/labels.text/444444/off/transit/geometry/444444/off/tran sit/labels/444444/off/water/geometry/FFFFFF/simplified/water/labels/44 4444/off  https://en.climate-data.org/asia/india/delhi/new-delhi-30/  http://andrewmarsh.com/apps/releases/sunpath2d.html

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