5 avances de investigacion foc miguel dita puerto rico 2013 ppt by Biblioteca EEA

La raza 4 tropical de Fusarium: Estado actual avances y perspec;vas de inves;gación para su manejo

Miguel Ángel Dita Rodríguez *email: m.dita@cgiar.org

Bioversity Interna;onal Commodity Systems & Gene;c Resources Programme Coordinador Regional para LAC

San Juan, Puerto Rico, Octubre, 2013

Este MAPA es un intento aproximado de la distribución de Foc realizado para ﬁnes académicos, no está basado en estudios cien=ﬁcos y no debe ser tomado como referencia por las autoridades Mapa: David Brown & Miguel Dita

Qué países hacen investigación en Fusarium en Latinoamérica y El Caribe? ü  Cuba ( no exporta) ü  Brasil (exporta muy poco) ü  Venezuela (exporta muy poco) ü  Los países exportadores por excelencia no han tenido a Fusarium como prioridad en la agenda de investigación: –  Ecuador –  Costa Rica* (Ya se iniciaron acciones) –  Colombia

Poca atención a Foc en La;noamérica 2004

2006

2008

2010 Sigatoka = 22 Nematodos= 4 Otros= 6 Fusarium= 1

Sigatoka = 15 Nematodos = 4 Otros= 13 Fusarium= 1

Fusarium 3 Sigatoka 20 Nematodos 5 Other 95 Total 123

2013

Fusarium 6 Foc: 11 Sigatoka 24 Nematodos 0 Other 59 Total 89 Total: 145

Factores de riesgo de la entrada de Foc R4T

ü  Síntomas similares a los de las demás razas ü  Largo período de latencia ü  La evidencia de su presencia puede ocurrir después de muchos años de su introducción ü  Alta dependencia de la producción en un número reducido de clones (Cavendish, plátanos AAB, Upos Bluggoe y Pisang awak, ABB).

Factores de riesgo de la entrada de Foc R4T ü  Falta de acceso de los productores a semilla limpia cerUﬁcada, lo que determina que usen su propio material infectado. ü  Limitadas opciones de manejo químico y biológico ü  Fácil diseminación por diferentes vías para ser introducido ü  Pobre conocimiento y conciencia entre los productores del impacto de la enfermedad, su ciclo infecUvo y las tácUcas de manejo.

Research Targets on Foc Tropical Race 4 1. PrevenUon -‐ early detecUon 2. Use of resistant varieUes 3. Disease management a.  b.  c.  d.  e.

DiagnosUc tools for Foc TR4 and other important races/strains of Foc; Fast and reliable bioassays for high throughput phenotyping Characterize genotypes of Musa for TR4 resistance/ IdenUfy Resistant sources Understand Foc-‐ banana interacUon at geneUc, cytological and molecular level; Epidemiology for integrated management strategies -‐ EradicaUon

A diagnos;c tool for Foc TR4

Microconidia are 5 -‐ 16 x 2.4 -‐ 3.5 µm, one-‐ or two-‐celled, oval-‐ to kidney-‐shaped, and are borne in false heads

Macroconidia: are 27 -‐ 55 x 3.3 -‐ 5.5 µm, four-‐ to eight-‐ celled and sickle-‐shaped with foot-‐shaped basal cell

Structures of F. o f. sp. cubense

Chlamydospores: Terminal and intercalary are 7 -‐ 11 µm in diameter, usually globose and are formed singly or in pairs in hyphae or conidia

•  Fox: ~ 100 formae speciales cause wilUng in plants It contains pathogenic and saprophyUc strains that cannot be disUnguished morphologically Source: Ploetz (2000)

Source: Smith (2007)

Foc cannot be disUnguished morphologically from other Foxys

Genetic diversity of Foc based on: Elongation factor 1-α (Tefa-1a) and Intergenic spacer region- IGS

IGS 28S

IGS

ITS 18S

28S

18S

Comparative analysis based on: -  Tefa-1a -  IGS Region - Tefa- 1a & IGS O’Donnell et al. 2009

TR4 inoculated

control

Miguel Dita ÂŠ

Foc TR4 - in planta detection

Foc TR4 - in planta detection EF +FocTR4 // Actin2 + FocTR4 Rhizome - control

Duplex PCRs TR4 ST4

EF-1 TR4s

Actin2 M. balbisiana (BB)

M. acuminata (AA)

Infected Rhizome TR4

1 Soil

Weeds

Disease center

3 Irrigation

Photo: Ploetz, 2009

Detec;ng Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 in soil and symptomless banana ;ssues

Objec;ve:

Extend the detecUon capacity of Foc TR4 to p o t e n U a l s o u r c e s o f T R 4 d i s s e m i n a U o n : symptomless plants, soils and water.

Detec;ng Foc TR4 in soil and symptomless ;ssues Sample ID Cultivar a

DNA$ extrac+on$

Plant stage Location

Source

Sample Single Nested PCR processed PCR

AuD1

Cavendish Symptomatic Darwin

Australia

Plant

AuH1

Cavendish Symptomless Darwin

Australia

Plant

TS1

Cavendish Symptomless Chaojhou

Taiwan

TS3

Cavendish

Taiwan

TS6

Cavendish Symptomless Wandan

Taiwan

TS7

Cavendish

Symptomatic Jiuru

Taiwan

TS8

Cavendish Symptomless Jiuru

Taiwan

TS9

Cavendish

Taiwan

Soil Plant Soil Plant Soil Plant Soil Plant Soil Plant Soil Plant

+ + + + + + + +

Phi126C

Gran Naine Symptomatic Kapalong

Philippines Plant

Phi39B

Tall William Symptomatic Kapalong

Philippines Plant

Phi2SV

Latundan

Philippines Plant

ChlamyD2

n.a.

Symptomatic Chaojhou

Symptomatic Luye

Symptomatic Kapalong n.a.

n.a.

Foccolonized Substrate

+ nd

+ + nd

.$control$ +$control$

ITS$ TR4$

Dita%et%al%2013%

A. Molina

Water is an eﬃcient way for FOC disseminaUon…. •  Can we detect Foc TR4 easily in water samples? •  What would be the app/implicaUons?

Foc TR4 in China â&#x20AC;&#x201C; homogeneous distribution (Photo Dr. A. Molina â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Bioversity)

Banana plantaUon, Costa Rica, Miguel Dita 2011

Cuales son los posibles escenarios e la deteccion temprana en el proceso de toma de decisiones en el campo ?

En este momento es demasiado tarde: Lo ideal sería Deteccion temprana + eradica;on

Próxima vícUma

E.P.D-‐ muerta por TR4

Futura vicUma?

A. Molina

Early diagnos;c of Foc TR4 vs. disease management from gene to landscapes

When%a%plant%is%detected% infected%how%many% ‘neighbors’%we%should% destroy%around?%% Farmers%think%more%on% bunche$…they%don’t%care% too%much%on%inoculum% pressure,%epidemiology%?% ….but%at%the%end%they%loose% the%ba@le%

Area%A%( 15%m)

Area%B%( 40%m)

Infected%

Symptomless,%but%infected%%?%

Applica;ons 1.  Quaran;ne Services 2.  Suppor;ng eradica;on prac;ces 3.  Cer;ﬁca;on of plan;ng material 4.  Risk analyses – Predic;on disease and pro-‐ac;ve management 5.  Support decision making process – [Dr. Lees, UK / Dr. Keller Australia]

K.meters

Geografic distribution (GS +)

Kmeters

Diagnós;co y manejo de de la Marchitez por Fusarium Fortaleciendo capacidades en América laUna y el Caribe

Bioversity, MUSALAC & Organizaciones Fitosanitarias Nacionales CAPACITADOS

Próximamente

Plan de Con;ngencia para Foc TR4

Foc: a complex pathogen

TR4 VCG01213 Kistler, H. C. 2001.

cubense

O’Donnell et al (2009) – IGS, Tefa -1a ~ 850 isolates > 60 hosts

Compara;ve transcriptomic analysis of Foc [R1, R2, ST4 & TR4] Conidia

Mycelia

ST4

TR4

Germinated conidia

R1 R2 ST4 TR4

R1 R2 ST4 TR4 R1,$R2,$ST4,$TR4!

RNA extraction RNA pooling (mycelium + conidia + germinating conidia) mRNA Isolation cDNA from R1, R2, ST4, TR4 and 454 sequencing

Compara/ve$EST$analyses$$

Foc web server: sodware, analysis, interac;on

Compara;ve transcriptomic analysis of Foc [R1, R2, ST4 & TR4] Library staUsUcs

Gene distribuUon across Foc races

R1#

R2#

ST4#

TR4#

All#Libraries#

Raw#reads#

644.444$

661.201$

633.453$

606.533$

2.545.631$

rDNA#

2.988$

3.255$

1.811$

2.746$

10.800$

#Passed#reads#

637.670$

653.748$

629.498$

601.136$

2.522.052$

aver.#length#

396$

392$

364$

371$

381$

%#Singlets#

6.2$%$

6.3$%$

5.5$%$

7.2$%$

5.3$%$

Assembled#reads#

541.632$

558.903$

554.771$

557.094$

2.151.030$

##isogroups#

8.302$

9.059$

7.610$

8.193$

11.058$

##isoBgs#>50nt#

9.674$

11.114$

8.500$

10.216$

21.445$

mean#isoBg#length#

1345.8$

1440.5$

1293.8$

1406.3$

2161.9$

Longest#IsoBg#

8.293$

9.732$

7.276$

7.752$

11.432$

Annota;on of UNIQUE genes Biologal'processes''

(ﬁltered'by'#seqs,'cutoﬀ=5)'

Dita%et%al.,%submi.ed%

Dita'et'al.,'submi>ed'

Alignment of ESTs in Foc TR4 genome EST data was aligned against assembled genome Strain!

Filtered+reads!

Mapped+reads!

Unmapped+reads!

R1!

252.589!

244.242)(96.69)%)!

8.347)(3.31)%)!

R2!

273.731!

263.986)(96.43)%)!

9.745)(3.57)%)!

ST4!

217.735!

213.214)(97.92)%)!

4.521)(2.08)%)!

TR4!

209.653!

204.818)(97.69)%)!

4.835)(2.31)%)!

Total!

953.708!

926.260)(97.18)%)!

27.448+(2.82+%)!

Foc TR4 esUmated genome size: 49 Mb (Dita et al. 2011) 51.2 Mb (Berg et al. 2012) -‐ Including ~4.3Mb Lineage Speciﬁc sequences that are highly repeUUve

Secreted in Xylem Genes – SIX

PCR

hvp://www.accessscience.com/popup.aspx? ﬁgID=524000FG0060&id=524000&name=ﬁgure

(G. E. VanderMolen University of Rhode Island)

Slot blot

Func;onal analysis in Foc Agrobacterium-mediated/inser2onal/ mutagenesis/in/Foc/

Targeted(gene*approach**

(sporula2on,'pathogenicity,'chlamydospore'forma2on)' Flávia'da'Silva'Fernandes' '

Joelma&dos&Santos&Fernandes&

Knockout'

R1'sporula2on'

R2'sporula2on'

knockdown'

Fow2,&& SNF1,& Six1,&& -‐-‐-‐14 Sge1,& Frp1,& NEP,&& MAPK,& PLS1.& & RNAi.& I9Muta=on&

Work in progress, Race 1 and 2 strains in Brazil

Whole genome comparison between Fv and Fol.

Fow2, SNF1, Six1, Sge1, Frp1, NEP, MAPK, PLS1. RNAi. L-J Ma et al. Nature 464, 367-373 (2010) doi:10.1038/nature08850

L-J Ma et al. Nature 464, 367-373 (2010) doi:10.1038/nature08850

Compara;ve analysis of ESTs (Expressed Sequenced Tags) from diﬀerent races of Foc [R1, R2, ST4 & TR4]

Applications •  Understanding the geneUc diversity of Foc and it interacUon with Musa spp., environments (SR4!) •  DiagnosUcs tools speciﬁcs for other races/VCGs more robust and sensiUve. •  IdenUfying genes involved in pathogenicity/virulence -‐ What genes hold TR4 that enables Cavendish infecUon? •  IdenUfy genes involved on survival, aggressiveness, chlamydospores formaUon… •  Design management strategies more eﬃcient …

Variedades Resistentes ?

How many varie;es are aﬀected by Foc TR4? Indonesia 1.  2.  3.  4.  5.  6.  7.  8.  9.  10.  11.

Raja (AAB) Raja serai (AAB), Buai (AAA), P.Panjang (AAB), Barangan (AAA) Ambon kuning (AAA), Ambon hijau (AAA) Rejang (Aaw), Jantan (AAB), Kepok (ABB), Mas kirana (AA)

Philippines 1st Crop 2nd Variety 100 NA 1.Lakatan (AAA), 41 2.Latundan (AAA), 100 97 3.Gran Nanine(AAA), NA 94 4.Williams (AAA) NA 1 5.GCTCV 119 (AAA) 28 1 6.GCTCV 218 (AAA) 24 81 7.FHIA 21 (AABB) NA Molina (2011)

Australia Riska & Hermanto (2012) ~ 26 suscep;ble Varie;es (Walduck & Daly, 2007)

hvp://www.nt.gov.au/d/Primary_Industry/Content/File/horUculture/TAR2006_07/Banana_panama_pg11_15.pdf

~ 80% of bananas produced worldwide are from varieUes suscepUble to TR4

Banana cul;vars reported with resistance to Foc TR4 Variety

Resistance Market

FHIA 01

Seeded

FHIA 02

Seeded

FHIA 18

Good

FHIA 25

Poor

Pisan Jai Buya

*GCTV 119

Good

GCTV 218

Good

M. accuminata malaccensis**

ABB varieUes (Saba, Tanduk)

Sources Walduck & Daly 2007 Bingzhi et al. 2004 Bingzhi et al. 2004 Walduck & Daly 2007 Bingzhi et al. 2004 Walduck & Daly 2007 Bingzhi et al. 2004 Walduck & Daly 2007 Bingzhi et al. 2004 Walduck & Daly 2007 Bingzhi et al. 2004 Molina 2011 Molina, 2011

Seeded Walduck & Daly 2007 NA

Molina -‐ unpublished

* There are many GCTV, produced by TBRI, Taiwan, which are conUnuously replaced for new somaclons with higher resistance levels **Some M.a. malaccensis are suscepUbles

TR4 Molina et al. (2011)

At least 50 varieUes are aﬀected by TR4 ~ 80 % of banana produced are from suscepUble varieUes [Ploetz et al, 2005]

Evaluación de East African Highland Banana (AAA) y plátanos (AAB) en Asia para la resistencia a Foc TR4

Evaluación de East African Highland Banana (AAA) y plátanos (AAB) en Asia para la resistencia a Foc TR4 Funded by Global Crop Diversity Trust

Target sites: •  The Philippines •  China Plants are compleUng the 1st cycle and all the data obtained so far is preliminary. We need to evaluate at least 2 cycle to deliver reliable data (Molina, pers. comm 2012) cv. Kazirakwe (AAA) is showing some resistance

Selección de somaclones de Cavendish con “resistencia” a Foc TR4

5 of 6 líneas resistentes en invernadero fueron resistentes en campo

Somaclones de Cavendish con “resistencia” a Foc TR4 Taiwan Banana Research Ins;tute

Resistencia a la raze 4 tropical de Foc 1ro – método de seleccion rápida, confialble!

Método de selección para Foc TR4

Cavendish - R1 vs. RT4 incompatible vs. compatible

Selección para la resistencia a Foc TR4: Invernadero

1.  Grande Naine (AAA) 2.  Maçã (Silk) – AAB 3.  Prata (AAB) 4.  Pahang (AA) 5.  *CIRAD 930 (AA) M. a. malaccensis 6.  *Pahang (AA) 7.  Matavia (Bluggoe) – ABB 8.  Banksii (AA) 9.  Tuu Gia (AA)

* Resistencia parcial en invernadero

09 Genotipos vs. Foc TR4

Screening para la resistencia a Foc TR4 GN control

21 dpi

G. Naine

Manzano

Prata (AAB)

Tuu Gia (AA)

CIRAD 930 (AA)

Matavia (Bluggoe) (ABB)

Banksii (AA)

Pahang (AA)

Phenotyping a segregating population of Pahang

Phenotyping a Pahang segregating population

HR? – more research on Foc-‐ banana interacUon!

Foc expressing fluorescent proteins for detailed plant-pathogen interactions

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Tranformed

Single-spore isolates

Chunyu Li et al., 2011

Compara;ve transcriptome analyses of compa;ble and incompa;ble Musa-‐ FOC interac;ons The image cannot be displayed. Your computer may not have enough memory to open the image, or the image may have been corrupted. Restart your computer, and then open the file again. If the red x still appears, you may have to delete the image and then insert it again.

Some old ques;ons: •  When and where is Foc stopped in Cavendish during Race 1 infecUon? •  Which gene(s) are involved? At what level? •  Which mechanisms are responsible for resistance (eﬀecUve >60 years)

Banana genome vs. Foc genome: 1st Insights Foc$TR4$In$vitro$$

Banana$genome$

Berg et al. 2012 Li-‐Jun Ma Team

Number&of& Number&of& Predicted& Number& Predicted& BLAST&Match& Secreted& of& Secreted& Characteris1cs& Proteins&<& Proteins& Proteins& 200&AA& Conserved& 15238& 1526& 294& Lineage& Speciﬁc&(to& Fo4287)& 140& 7& 2& Unique&to&TR4& 451& 40& 12&

Foc TR4 and R1 in planta Foc$TR4$and$R1$in#planta## Cellular localization Gran Naine- TR4 Pahang-TR4 Dita%et%al%–%unpublished%% et al – unpublished cytoskeleton Dita 198 54 cytosol/mitochondria 26 10 endoplasmic reticulum 6 0 extracellular 858 177 golgi apparatus 3 1 mitochondria 1332 487 mitochondria/nucleus 9 2 nucleus 2747 672 peroxisome 24 2 plasma membrane 1223 264 Total 8397 2290

Library

Fol

Foc

Gran Naine vs. R1

121708 101125

Gran Naine vs. TR4 114299 101186

D’Hont'et'al.'Nature'488,''2012)'

Pahang vs. TR4

23671

16702

Aligned%against%Fol$and%Foc$Foc$(dra*)%2so4ware%TopHat% Aligned against Foc (draK) -‐so‚ware TopHat [ Dita un published]

Compara;ve transcriptome analyses of compa;ble and incompa;ble Musa-‐ FOC interac;ons Gran Naine Control vs. Foc R1

Gran Naine Control vs. Foc TR4

Mapeo y epidemiología de Foc en Peru

Foc afecta acUalmente millones de pequeños productores en LAC incluso en Colombia, Quindío

Mapping and epidemiological studies of Foc in Peru

Mapeo y epidemiología de Foc en Peru

Data: C. Roman/ Map: D. Brown

Variedades afectadas: •  Gros Michel (AAA) •  Manzano (AAB) •  *Red Macabu (AAB) •  *Baby (AA) •  Isla (AAB) •  Palillo (AAB)

Ø  ~ 150 Fincas mapeadas Ø  ~ 62% Foc

Factores asociados a la intensidad marchitez por Fusarium, San Luis de Shuaro, Peú 1,18 C2(pH=4,6-5,5) 0,86

No_Pa_Ca

0,24

No_Se_Sem_Bc Si_In_Su

Seda_SAF

Si_Eli_Pe_Sp Si_Ap_Mo_Bo Si_De_Herr No_In_Mat_Veg

No_To_Ms_Ca

No_Dit_Barr No_De_Bo_In_Fi

No_Ci_Id_Foc

No_Su_Nut_Fert

No_De_Herr

C3(Som=36-63%)

C2(Som=18-35%)

Mix_Extras

Eje 2

Isla +++

0,55

-0,07

Poster: PE09

C2(Inc=0,1-2,5%)

No_Ev_Pa_Ge

No_In_Su

No_Or_Co_Po

Si_De_Bo_In_Fi

Si_Se_Sem_Bc

Si_Ev_Pa_Ge

C1(Som=0-18%)

-0,38

Isla Mix_SAF

No_Eli_Pe_Sp

Si_Pa_Ca Si_Ci_Id_Foc

Isla_Monocultivo

-1,01

C3(pH=5,6-7)

No_Ap_Mo_Bo

Si_In_Mat_Veg

-0,69

Si_Or_Co_Po

Si_Su_Nut_Fert

Si_Dit_Barr

C3(Inc=2,6-4,9%)

C1(Inc=0%)

Si_To_Ms_Ca C1(pH=3-4,5) 2

C4(Inc=5%>más) -1,32 -1,10

-0,55

0,01

Eje 1

0,56

1,12

CATIncidencia

CATpH

CAT%Som

Conglomerado

In_Mat_Veg

In_Su

De_Bo_In_Fi

Or_Co_Po

To_Ms_Ca

Ap_Mo_Bo

Pa_Ca

De_Herr

Se_Sem_Bc

Su_Nut_Fert

Dit_Barr

Ci_Id_Foc

Eli_Pe_Sp

Ev_Pa_Ge

Grupo de variedades

1,68

Métodos de erradicación raza 1 Glifosato contra Foc ?

Métodos de eradica;on & epidemiología Foc raza 1 Is glyphosate eﬀecUve against Foc ?

NO!

Exploring microbial diversity for agricultural use in banana Cultivar Genome M. ornata royal ornamental M. becarii roja ornamental M. laterita (Pink- Purple) ornamental M. balbisiana BB M. acum. Malaccensis AA Mysoré AAB Guineo Negro AAA Yangambi Km5 AAA Pisang Mas AA 500 +" Tuu Gia AA Pisang Lilín AA ISOLATES" Pisang Bungai AA Pisang Jaribuaya AA Niyak Mayik AA Guyod AA Cardaba ABB Benedetta ABB Peyang Plateado ABB Saba ABB/BBB Pisang seribu AAB

Bacteria"

Acinetobacter calcoaceUcu Bacillus aryabhavai Bacillus megaterium Burkholderia cenocepacia Burkholderia cepaciae Not signiﬁcant similariUes Uncultured bacterium

Fungi"

Cochliobolus geniculatus Codinaeopsis sp. Fusarium oxysporum Penicillium brevicompactum Nigrospora oryza Uncultured ascomycete Uncultured fungus Trichoderma asperellum

Integrated approach for disease management and enhancing producUvity in Foc-‐suscepUble bananas

TC plants + indigenous endophytes"

Use of Beneficial M i c r o b i a l Diversity "

“Biotized”/bio-fortified healthy plants acclimatized - Fitness increased "

Use of tailored fertilization based on organic a m e n d m e n t s ( B i o c h a r, manures, compost) and beneficial soil microbes (Trichoderma)"

Healthy plants are established on a healthy soil "

Soil -health oriented practices" And crop Integrated management "

Sustainable producUon of banana from High value, but Foc-‐ suscepUble varieUes in Market

Plant health through soil health management: boosting soils for increasing plant defenses and suppressiveness to reduce losses caused by Fusarium wilt on bananas" Generating a toolbox of practices based on agrobiodiveristy for sustainable management of Foc in banana

15 farms Tola"

30 farms 15 farms

Understanding soil suppressiveness in Foc-‐banana •  2 countries [Nicaragua & Costa Rica] •  3 farms/ country, 3 areas/farm/ 5 plants/ area/

Ll3% Lv%

pet3% Lv% Ll2%

Pt2% Lv1%

Pt1% Ll1%

Soil% Composite% Sample% 1/plant%

Farm%1:%Alto%Varas,%Turrialba,%Costa%Rica%% %Watershade,%Turrialba%river%

Psudostem)strand) ~)Middle)15320)cm) Psudostem)strand) plant)base)15320)cm) %sucker%(pseudostem%strands%5110%cm)%

roots% soil% soil% roots%

soil%

roots%

soil%

roots%

Roots% Composite% Sample% 1/plant%

454#sequencing# % Metagenomics%analysis% Fuc?onal%diversity%% Landscapes%characteriza?on%

Agrobiodiversity and management factors vs. Foc & overall pests

Black& Sigatoka&

Spa*al'complexity' X' Plant'&'Soil'diversity'

Cultural'' Prac*ces'

Weevils&

Nematodes& FOC&

Q1#!

Q2#!

Q3#!

Q#4#!

Q 1. How plant and soil diversity + spaUal organizaUon alter pests abundances? Q 2. How a proﬁle of pests alter plant growth? Q 3. Which plant management pracUces should minimize pests eﬀects on yield? Q 4. How to manage spaUo-‐temporal factors and funcUonal biodiversity to guarantee ecosystem services and resilience without relevant yield penalUes? Adapted from P. Tixier, 2013

La invesUgación necesita ser objeUva con foco en: •  La parecela, la Finca, el entorno •  Hay que mirar la cadena producUva completa • Trabajar de manera conjunta– Somo pocos invesUgadores en Musáceas – recursos limitados

Photo: Jorge Sandoval-‐ Corbana, Costa Rica

Take home message

Adapted from Staver 2011 Photo –ENDURE Guadalupe

Landscape and watershed Local landscape & MulU-‐Farm

Farm ecosystem PlantaUon ecosystem Banana PlantaUon Ll3% Lv%

pet3% Lv% Ll2%

Pt2% Lv1%

Banana plant + Foc(DNA) Pt1%

Ll1%

Soil% Composite% Sample% 1/plant%

roots%

Psudostem)strand) ~)Middle)15320)cm) Psudostem)strand) plant)base)15320)cm) %sucker%(pseudostem%strands%5110%cm)%

soil% soil% roots%

soil%

roots%

soil%

roots%

Roots% Composite% Sample% 1/plant%

h"p://www.scien-ﬁcamerican.com/ar-cle.cfm?id=ﬁnd8 the8dna8in8a8banana8bring8science8home<

454#sequencing# %

Cual sería el mejor escenario para combatir" la marchitez por Fusarium?"

Integración!

•  Gobiernos

Exclusión

Variedades resistentes

Control cultural

Control biológico

•  Productores •  Asociaciones •  NOGs

•  Creadores de PolíUcas

•  Mercados •  Consumidores •  Exportadores

Solo es muy difĂcil

Mejor juntos!!

Red Lanitoamericana y el Caribe para la invesUgación y el Desarrollo de las Musáceas -‐ MUSALAC

Red Lanitoamericana y el Caribe para la invesUgación y el Desarrollo de las Musáceas -‐ MUSALAC,

ParUcipantes Colombia 2013

Colaboradores BIOVERSITY INTERNATIONAL -‐ Gus Molina Cuba -‐ INISAV -‐ Luis Pérez Vicente, Einar MarUnez Holland -‐ PLANT RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL -‐ G. Kema, C. Waalwijk, M. Rep AUSTRALIA Andrew Daly, Wayne O’Neill Taiwan -‐ NaUonal Chung Hsing University -‐ P.F.L. Chang Philippines -‐ TADECO -‐ B.M. Corcolon Costa Rica – UCR; Earth; Corbana -‐  L. Pocasangre; A. Tapia, M. Gusmám; -‐  J. Sandoval USA – University of Florida -‐ Randy Ploetz -‐ Li-‐Jun Ma, C.Kistler China -‐  Xue-‐Jun Xe, -‐  Yi Ganyu

EMBRAPA CASSAVA & FRUITS -‐  Edson Amorim, -‐  Zilton Cordeiro -‐  Fernando Haddad -‐  SebasUão Silva EMBRAPA INFORMÁTICA -‐ Paula Ksuser Falcão -‐ Michel E B Yamagishi -‐ Poliana F Giachevo EMBRAPA AGROENERGIA -‐ Manoel Souza EMBRAPA AMAZONIA OCIDENTAL -‐ Gilvan Ferreira UNICAMP -‐ Roberto H Herai UFLA -‐ Luciano Paiva

*email: m.dita@cgiar.org