Whiteflies survey in Puerto Rico
WF in PR • Objec6ves – Determine the distribu6on – Determine natural and alternate hosts – Determine natural enemies
• Reported – 19 spp: 5 Aleurodicinae, 14 Aleyrodinae (official) – 46 spp: 16 Aleurodicinae, 30 Aleyrodinae (unnofficial)
Survey routes
How was the survey made? In the Field:
– Sampling every ~ 5km – Panoramic photography, GPS – 15 min of intensive sampling – Measurement of infesta6on: 10 leaves, pres-‐abs – Collec6on of plants and insects (wf, pred, paras)
In the Lab:
– Morphological and molecular ID (all samples) – Separa6on of colonies (incubator) – GeXng parasitoids
... and what did we find?
WF m-‐ID
Parasitoids m-‐ID
Plant families associated with WF Total Solanaceae 2% Sapindaceae 2% Rutaceae 1%
Sapindaceae 0% Salicaceae 1%
Vitaceae 3% Verbenaceae 5%
Amaranthaceae 1% (blank) 4%
? 7%
Annonaceae 1% Araliaceae 1%
Arecaceae 5%
Rubieaceae 0% Rosaceae Rubiaceae 1% 2% Polygonaceae Piperaceae 3% 1% Passifloraceae 0% Nyctaginaceae 1%
Anacardiaceae 0%
Bignoniaceae 5% Calophyllaceae 1% Combretaceae 1%
Convolvulaceae 10%
Myrtaceae 3% Musasae 1% Moraceae 3% Meliaceae 3%
Asteraceae 1%
Malvaceae 7% Maleza 0%
Euphorbiaceae 8% Fabaceae 8% Lauraceae 2%
Cucurbitaceae 2%
finally ID 1324 1328 1333 1334 1336 1338 1340 1342 1342
molecular ID (WF)
morphological ID
Aleurocanthus spiniferus
Bemisia tabaci A. spiniferus (?) A. spiniferus, NA A. spiniferus, NA A. dispersus, NA Aleurocanthus woglumi A. dispersus
Family Aleyrodidae Aleyrodidae Aleyrodidae Aleyrodidae Aleyrodidae Aleyrodidae Aleyrodidae Aleyrodidae
A. dispersus
Dialeurodes citri Ashmead Aleurotrachelus sp.
Aleyrodidae Aleyrodidae
1345 1347 1347 1354 1356 1358 1360 1361 1362 1366 1368 1371 1377
A. dispersus A. dispersus A. dispersus A. dugesii
A. dispersus, A. dispersus
1380 1386
A. spiniferus
Aleyrodidae Aleyrodidae Aleyrodidae Aleyrodidae Aleyrodidae Aleyrodidae Aleyrodidae Aleyrodidae Aleyrodidae Aleyrodidae Aleyrodidae Aleyrodidae Aleyrodidae Aleyrodidae
1343
1409 1420 1422 1440 1454 1467
Paraleyrodes sp. Paraleyrodes minei (Iaccarino) (?)
A. A. A. A.
dispersus spiniferus spiniferus spiniferus
A.spiniferus, A. dispersus
A.spiniferus A. spiniferus Paraleyrodes minei Iaccarino, A. dispersus (2V)
Singhiella simplex Singh Aleurodicus antillensis Dozier, Paraleyrodes sp. (2V)
Aleyrodidae Aleyrodidae
Metaleurodicus minimus Quaintance Aleurodicus dispersus Russell Aleurodicus sp. Aleurothrixis floccosus (Maskell)
Aleyrodidae Aleyrodidae Aleyrodidae Aleyrodidae
Aleurodicus dispersus Russell
Aleyrodidae Aleyrodidae
1470
A. dispersus
1470
Aleurodicus dispersus (Russell)
1477 1490 1495 1496 1501
no ID probably Aleurotrachelus Aleurodicus antillensis Dozier Metaleurodicus cardini (Back) Singhiella simplex Singh
Aleyrodidae Aleyrodidae Aleyrodidae Aleyrodidae
Aleurotrachelus sp. Aleurotrachelus sp. Aleurocanthus sp.
Aleyrodidae Aleyrodidae Aleyrodidae
no ID, female specimen no specimen
Aleyrodidae ?
Paraleyrodes sp. Aleurodicus dispersus (Russell) Aleurodicus cocois (Curtis) Dialeurodes schefflerae (Hodges & Dooley) Metaleurodicus minimus (Quaintance)
Aleyrodidae Aleyrodidae Aleyrodidae Aleyrodidae Aleyrodidae ?
1505 1525 1528
1532 1539 13W F-059 13W F-062 13W F-079 13W F-085 S85Beto
no specimen
Aleyrodidae
plant_fam Euphorbiaceae Convolvulaceae Convolvulaceae ? Aralacieae Clusiaceae Moraceae Verbenaceae Verbenaceae Rubiaceae
plant_sp coordenadas Acalypha sp. N 18.407225 W -065.983953 Ipomoea sp. N 18.3687167 W -065.968650 Merremia sp. N 18.4323000 W -065.8769667 unknown sp N 18.4323000 W -065.8769667 Schefflera arboricola N 18.4363333 W -065.8845667 Callophyllum sp. N 18.4363333 W -065.8845667 Ficus benjamina N 18.4482667 W -065.8970333 Cleodendrum sp. N 18.4464000 W -065.9110667 Clerodendrum quadriloculare N 18.4464000 W -065.9110667 Morinda s p. N 18.4548833 W -065.9844000
Euphorbiaceae Convolvulaceae ?
Acalypha sp. unknown sp. Not s equenced
Annonaceae Myrtaceae Euphorbiaceae Convolvulaceae Fabaceae Convolvulaceae Convolvulaceae Fabaceae Vitaceae Euphorbiaceae Polygonaceae Meliaceae Euphorbiacae Rubiaceae Malvaceae Myrtaceae Anacardiaceae Fabaceae Sapindaceae
N N N Annona muricata N Psidium guajava N Euphorbia sp N unknown sp. N unknown sp. N unknown sp. N Ipomoea sp. N Centrosema sp. N Cissus alata N Acalypha his pida N Coccoloba sp. N Swietenia m acrophylla Albizia lebbeck Ps ychotria berteriana Sida acuta Eugenia m onticola Spondias sp.
Convolvulaceae Rutaceae Myrtaceae
Moraceae Convolvulaceae Orchidiaceae Palmaceae Aralacieae Myrtaceae ?
W W W W W W W W W W W W W W
-066.0038500 -066.0042667 -066.0042667 -065.9832833 -065.9872333 -065.9713333 -065.9713333 -065.9443667 -065.9212000 -065.8661333 -065.8661333 -065.8603333 -066.2494500 -066.2120667
N 18.4059500 W -066.1627000 N 18.1103333 W -067.1611667 N N N N
18.4502056 W -067.0922500 18.43648 W -067.14735 18.46924 W -066.93320 18.40025 W -066.69294
Centros em a s p. Bridgesia sp.
N 18.34345 W -066.68026
Not s equenced Zygia racem os a Citrus s inens is Ficus religios a
N N N N N
? ? Fabaceae Rutaceae Moraceae Convolvulaceae
18.4450333 18.3612833 18.3612833 18.3164833 18.3018500 18.2816500 18.2816500 18.2466167 18.2350167 18.1607000 18.1607000 18.1568667 18.4538167 18.4661500
N 18.34345 W -066.68026 N 18.34345 W -066.68026 18.18238 W -066.73611 18.10170 W -066.04646 18.0648 W -066.04967 18.02237 W -066.02867 17.99107 W -066.11385
Merrem ia dis s ecta Ipom oea tiliacea N 18.04458 W -066.09457 Citrus s inens is N 18.174562° W -66.796448° Ps idium N 18.174562° W -66.796448° friedrichs thalianu m Ficus religios a N 18.012167° W -66.383702° Merrem ia N 18.012167° W -66.383702° quinquefolia Orchid sp. N 18.40908 W -066.07162 Veitchia sp. N 18.82861 W -066.15328 Schefflera arboricola Psidium guajava N 18.82861 W -066.15328 N 18.382908° W -66.032934° Not sequenced