Mycotoxin Occurrence in 2019 US Corn, Corn By-products, and Corn Silage Update Dec 6, 2019 Naturally ahead © BIOMIN America Inc. 2019
2019 Corn Survey Summary Observations Alan Swart, 2018
• • • • •
Cold winter Rain during silking Late Harvest Wet conditions during harvest FUM challenged states seem to be continuing
• Flooding? • Above average rain? • Above average temperatures?
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+ Fusarium risk + Fusarium inoculation + DON and ZEN risk + Storage risk + FUM in MO, NE…
Sample Overview
84%
4%
0% 129 Samples from 18 States
10% 15 samples with clinical cases excluded
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2%
Sample Overview Sample Matrix
24%
8% 68%
Corn
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Corn By-product
Corn Silage
Mycotoxins & Analysis
Mycotoxin Group
Aflatoxins (AFLA)
A-Trichothecenes (A-Trich)
LC-MS/MS
B-Trichothecenes (B-Trich)
Fumonisins (FUM)
3 Labs
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Mycotoxins
Limit of Detection (ppb)
Aflatoxin B1
1.3
Aflatoxin B2
1.2
Aflatoxin G1
1.1
Aflatoxin G2
1.6
T-2
100.0
HT-2
100.0
Neosolaniol
100.0
Diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS)
100.0
Deoxynivalenol (DON/Vomitoxin)
100.0
Acetyldeoxynivalenol (A-DON)
100.0
Nivalenol (NIV)
100.0
Fusarenon X (FUS-X)
100.0
Fumonisin B1
100.0
Fumonisin B2
100.0
Fumonisin B3
100.0
Zearalenone (ZEN)
Zearalenone (ZEN)
Ocharatoxin A (OTA)
Ocharatoxin A (OTA)
51.7 1.1
Occurrence 2019: Corn, Corn By-Product, Corn Silage 120
Sample Matrix
8% 68%
% of Total Samples
24%
100
100
80
100 94
77
90
73
60 43
39
40
Corn Corn By-product
Corn Silage
20
10
6
2
0
0 B-Trich
FUM Corn
Corn By-product
ZEN Corn Silage
B-Trichothecenes include Deoxynivalenol, Nivalenol, Fusarenon-X, Acetyl-Deoxynivalenol A-Trichothecenes and Ochratoxin A are not presented due to insignificant positive samples
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Afla
Occurrence: Corn 100
500 88
% of Total Samples
80
74
69
76
59
60
54
51
40
45 279
24
25
321 18
20 8
8
49
61
2012
2013
350 300
43
250
371
200
288
24
150 100
7 1
10 4
88 2
50 0
2014 Samples per year
2015 Afla
2016 B-Trich
2017 ZEN
2018 FUM
B-Trichothecenes include Deoxynivalenol, Nivalenol, Fusarenon-X, Acetyl-Deoxynivalenol A-Trichothecenes and Ochratoxin A are not presented due to insignificant positive samples
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73
400
40
14
14
#
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77
442
52
53
40
0
79
79
2019
Total Samples Analyzed/Year
450
81
Occurrence: Corn By-product 100
99
93
100
92
90 85
90
100
89 % of Total Samples
80
83
73 77 71
120
100
80
60 60
96 40
40
75
61 20 10
9
22
2
8
0
10
0 2015
2016
#
Samples per year
2017 Afla
2018 B-Trich
ZEN
2019 FUM
B-Trichothecenes include Deoxynivalenol, Nivalenol, Fusarenon-X, Acetyl-Deoxynivalenol A-Trichothecenes and Ochratoxin A are not presented due to insignificant positive samples
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20
0
Total Samples Analyzed/Year
100
Occurrence: Corn Silage 100 89
87
94
75
% of Total Samples
140
157
120
110
55
60
100
50 42 40
42
85
40 26
24
62 8
20
#
22 40
36
31 7 0
0
2016
2017
0 2015
Samples per year
Afla
B-Trich
1
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6 0
20 0
2018 ZEN
FUM
B-Trichothecenes include Deoxynivalenol, Nivalenol, Fusarenon-X, Acetyl-Deoxynivalenol A-Trichothecenes and Ochratoxin A are not presented due to insignificant positive samples
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80 60
24
0 2014
39
2019
Total Samples Analyzed/Year
160
80 80
180
229
562
3,380
3,120
428
972
100 100
36
ppb (log scale)
1000
2,830
10000
1,331
Mean of Positives 2019: Corn, Corn By-product, Corn Silage
5
10
1 B-Trich
FUM
Corn
Corn By-product
ZEN
Corn Silage
B-Trichothecenes include Deoxynivalenol, Nivalenol, Fusarenon-X, Acetyl-Deoxynivalenol A-Trichothecenes and Ochratoxin A are not presented due to insignificant positive samples
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Afla
Mean of Positives: Corn 21,652 20,000
ppb (log scale)
2,004 2,000
200
932
11,016
2,461
2,390
1,706
1,245
545
168 71
3,299
3,120
1,167
972
310 134
428
569
564
629
98 20
3,892
485
348
269
29
28
19
16
16
5 2 2012
2013
2014 Afla
2015 ZEN
2016 B-Trich
2017
FUM
B-Trichothecenes include Deoxynivalenol, Nivalenol, Fusarenon-X, Acetyl-Deoxynivalenol A-Trichothecenes and Ochratoxin A are not presented due to insignificant positive samples
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2018
2019
Mean of Positives: Corn By-product 10,000 3,175
2,856 1,931
ppb (log scale)
1,000
2,026 1,452
229 100
2,830
2,452
1,884
3,380
1,516
562
527
189
165 36
10
1 1
2015
4
4
2016
2017
3
0
Afla
ZEN
B-Trich
2018 FUM
B-Trichothecenes include Deoxynivalenol, Nivalenol, Fusarenon-X, Acetyl-Deoxynivalenol A-Trichothecenes and Ochratoxin A are not presented due to insignificant positive samples
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2019
Mean of Positives: Corn Silage 10,000 1,878
ppb (log scale)
1,000
1,695 445
100
1,501
1,693 627
615
1,331
826
875
505
229
118
160
338 158
0
0
0
0
0
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
307
100
15 10
1
0 2014
Afla
ZEN
B-Trich
FUM
B-Trichothecenes include Deoxynivalenol, Nivalenol, Fusarenon-X, Acetyl-Deoxynivalenol A-Trichothecenes and Ochratoxin A are not presented due to insignificant positive samples
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Co-occurrence 2019: Corn, Corn By-product, Corn Silage 120 100
% of Total Samples
100
80 64 60
55 42
40
32
20 5 0 <LOD
One Toxin Corn
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>1 Toxin
0
0
<LOD
One Toxin Corn By-Product
3 >1 Toxin
<LOD
One Toxin Corn Silage
>1 Toxin
Co-occurrence: Corn 80
73
72
70
% of Total Samples
60
64 59 46
50
46
47
46
41
42
37
40 31
33
30
25
25
21
32
17
20
12
11
10 10
3
2
5
0 2012
2013
2014 <LOD
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2015 1 Mycotoxin
2016 >1 Mycotoxin
2017
2018
2019
Co-occurrence 2019: Corn 35
33
% of Total Samples
30 25 20
18
17
15
15 10 5
7
5 0.0
0 ND
<LOD
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Afla
B-Trich
FUM
One toxin
0
0
ZEN
Afla + FUM
1 B-Trich + FUM
B-Trich + ZEN
Two Toxins
Others
2 B-Trich + B-Trich + FUM + FUM + ZEN Afla > 2 Toxins
1 Others
Co-occurrence: Corn By-product 100
95
98
90
100
80
60
40
59
32
20
9 2 0
5 0
5
2016
2017
2018
0
0
2015
<LOD
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1 Mycotoxin
>1 Mycotoxin
2019
Co-occurrence 2019: Corn By-product 100 90
% of Total Samples
90 80 70 60 50
40 30 20
10
10 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
ND
Afla
B-Trich
FUM
ZEN
Afla + FUM
B-Trich + FUM
B-Trich + ZEN
Others
<LOD
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One toxin
Two Toxins
0 B-Trich + B-Trich + FUM + FUM + ZEN Afla > 2 Toxins
Others
Co-occurrence: Corn Silage 80
70 61 60
54
50
44
40
64
66 55
53
42 36
35
27
30 27
20
11
9
10
11 3
3
2 0 2014
2015
2016 <LOD
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1 Mycotoxin
2017 >1 Mycotoxin
2018
2019
Co-occurrence 2019: Corn Silage 52
% of Total Samples
50 40
35
30 20 10 3 0 ND
<LOD
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3 0 Afla
B-Trich
FUM
One toxin
3 0
0
ZEN
Afla + FUM
3 0
B-Trich + FUM
B-Trich + ZEN
Two Toxins
Others
0
0
B-Trich + B-Trich + FUM + FUM + ZEN Afla > 2 Toxins
Others
2019 Corn Risk by State: B-Trich
n=8 100% 1,210
n=13 100% 1,778
n=8 88% 758
n=13 77% 1,062
n=5
n=1 n: # of samples submitted/state N%: % of samples tested positive/state xത : average in ppb Risk to livestock based upon threshold levels according to FDA and EU regulatory and guidance values • • • •
State with average > 1,000 ppb State with average < 1,000 ppb State with samples < LOD (100 ppb) No sample submitted Naturally ahead © BIOMIN America Inc. 2019
n=1
n=3 33% 810
n=11 82% 462 n=9 100% 833
n=9 67% 292
n=1 100% 1,600
n=3 100% 465
n=1 n=1 100% 178
n=1
2019 Corn Risk by State: FUM
n=8 13% 300
n=8 88% 1,186
n=13 92% 7,000
n=5 100% 8,220
n=1 100% 5,600 n=1 n=4 100% 100% 1,700 6,275
n: # of samples submitted/state N%: % of samples tested positive/state xത : average in ppb Risk to livestock based upon threshold levels according to FDA and EU regulatory and guidance values • • • •
State with average > 2,000 ppb State with average < 2,000 ppb State with samples < LOD (100 ppb) No sample submitted Naturally ahead © BIOMIN America Inc. 2019
n=13 93% 358
n=1 100% 3,900
n=3 100% 3,200
n=11 55% 817 n=9 n=9 11% 88% 3,538 2,300 n=3 100% 1,667
n=17; 100% 6,635 n=1 n=2 100% 100% 300 3,850
n=1 100% 1,500
n=1 100% 1,600
n=1 n=1 100% 100% 4,000 1,400
n=3 100% 600
2019 Corn Risk by State: ZEN
n=8 50% 156
n=8 63% 242
n=13 31% 173
n=1 n=1 100% 100% 157 157
Risk to livestock based upon threshold levels according to FDA and EU regulatory and guidance values • • • •
State with average > 100 ppb State with average < 100 ppb State with samples < LOD (51.7 ppb) No sample submitted Naturally ahead © BIOMIN America Inc. 2019
n=3 33% 64
n=5
n=4 n=3 n=1
n: # of samples submitted/state N%: % of samples tested positive/state xത : average in ppb
n=13 100% 717
n=11 27% 456 n=9 11% 60
n=9 56% 537
n=1 100% 105
n=3 100% 133
n=1 n=1 n=1
n=1
n=2 n=1
n=1
n=3 100% 405
2019 Corn Co-occurrence by State
n=8 1.75
n=13 3.00
n=8 2.38
n=13 2.00
n=3 1.67
n=1 3.0
n=11 1.64
1
n=9 0.89
n=9 2.44
n=3 2.67
n=5 1
n=4 n=1 1.50
n=1 3
n=17 2.35 n=1 1
n=2 n=1 1.50 1
n=1 n=1 3
n=1 3.0 1
National Toxin/Sample = 1.97 n: # of samples submitted/state xത : average toxins per sample • • • •
State with average toxins/sample >2 State with average toxins/sample >1 and ≤ 2 State with average toxins/sample ≤1 No sample submitted Naturally ahead © BIOMIN America Inc. 2019
n=2 3.0
PRELIMINARY 2019 Corn Survey Summary Corn • Similar prevalence levels • Similar contamination levels
• Regional variability B-Trich: 77% vs 76% FUM: 73% vs 79% ZEN: 43% vs 45%
Corn By-products • High prevalence and levels of NIV • Higher prevalence and levels of FUM • Lower levels of DON and ZEN B-Trich: 100% vs 93% FUM: 100% vs 90% ZEN: 90% vs 85%
Forecast for livestock production in 2020 MED to HIGH risk Naturally ahead © BIOMIN America Inc. 2019
Corn Silage • Increase of B-Trich prevalence, similar levels • Lower prevalence and levels of FUM and ZEN B-Trich: 94% vs 89% FUM: 6% vs 22% ZEN: 39% vs 55%
Questions? chasity.pender@biomin.net lan.zheng@biomin.net
erika.hendel@biomin.net
paige.gott@biomin.net
https://www.biomin.net/us/survey/
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