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DINOVO, JACCUZZO & SUMMERS NAMED DIRECTORS OF THE YEAR
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T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S I A P R I L / M AY 2 0 1 2 I V O L . 2 0 N O. 3
BOBIT BUSINESS MEDIA
3520 Challenger St. Torrance, CA 90503 (310) 533-2400 Publisher & Eastern Sales Manager
PEGGY ONSTAD (949) 305-5541 fax: (949) 305-5549 peggy.onstad@bobit.com
48
Executive Editor
ROBIN HATTERSLEY GRAY (310) 533-2534 fax: (310) 533-2502 robin.gray@bobit.com Associate Editor
BRITTANY-MARIE SWANSON (310) 533-2588 fax: (310) 533-2502 brittany.swanson@bobit.com Ar t Director
LAMAR NORMAN (310) 533-2447 fax: (310) 533-2514 lamar.norman@bobit.com Production Manager
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24 32
FEATURES
Administrative Assistant
14 Cover Story: 14 Severe Weather Survival Tips
Vulnerability assessments, using safe rooms, following the two-wall rule and planning for students with special needs are just some of the steps your campus can take to prepare for a tornado. By Steve Satterly
24 Florida State’s ‘Easy Button’
See how this university developed a centralized activation portal for its 32 FSU ALERT emergency notification systems. By David Bujak
32 SPECIAL HOSPITAL SECURITY SECTION 33 Expecting the Unexpected: Responding to Unpredictable Behavior
Staff dealing with individuals who are addicted to drugs or alcohol must maintain their professionalism, as well as keep their messages to the person short and non-judgmental. By Judith Schubert
36 Improving Patient Safety While Cutting Costs
The Nebraska Medical Center has adopted video management software to streamline its operations and improve the care of at-risk patients. By Courtney Dillon Pederson
40 Help for Handling Patient Surges
On the Safe Side Toolkit is a free hospital security planning resource designed to help healthcare organizations manage security and public health emergencies. By Bryan Warren
44 High-Rise Fire Safety for High-Risk Patients
The new maternity and neonatal intensive care facility at the Texas Children’s Hospital boasts a bevy of fire protection equipment, from alarms to smoke detectors to control panels to speaker/ strobes and more. By Matt Wickenheiser
48 Establishing Positive Behavior On the Bus
See how one Maryland middle school uses the Positive Behavior Intervention and Support program to provide students with incentives to meet and exceed behavioral expectations. By Keith Lowery
Responding to Campus Attacks: We’ve Come a Long Way
6 News Watch
DiNovo, Jaccuzzo & Summers Named Campus Safety Directors of the Year
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DYNISE HIEBERT (760) 519-5541 fax: (310) 533-2502 dynise.hiebert@bobit.com HOW TO GET YOUR NEWS TO US
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(310) 533-2400 fax: (310) 533-2510 www.campussafetymagazine.com EDITORIAL ADVISORY COUNCIL Shad U. Ahmed Chief of Emergency Medical Services, University of Rhode Island S. Daniel Carter Director of Public Policy, Security On Campus Inc. Michael Dorn Safe Havens Int’l Osborne Frazier NYPD Div. of School Safety Linda Glasson Security Manager/Consultant, Obici Hospital William Lassiter Center for Prevention of School Violence Joseph Moscaritolo Madison Park Vocational HS, Boston K. Gary Somerville Senior Campus Supervisor, Natrona County School District, Casper, Wyo. Philip Mullendore Institute for Campus Safety BOBIT BUSINESS MEDIA Chairman EDWARD J. BOBIT President & CEO TY F. BOBIT Chief Financial Officer RICHARD E. JOHNSON
Minimizing the Tradeoff Between Security and Convenience
52 Tech Boot Camp
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50 As I See It
4 From the Editor’s Desk
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ABRIL CALDERON 310-533-2413 fax: (310) 533-2502 abril.calderon@bobit.com
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FROM THE EDITOR’S DESK
Responding to Campus Attacks: We’ve Come a Long Way Recent shootings demonstrate that training, all-hazards emergency preparedness plans, student awareness and mass notification are helping campuses better handle security incidents.
Robin Hattersley Gray is executive editor of Campus Safety. She can be reached at robin.gray@bobit.com or (310) 533-2534
“Of course, none of
these successes can possibly compensate for the lives that were lost.”
A
s I review the circumstances surrounding the shooting at the Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic in Pittsburgh in March as well as the shooting at Chardon High School in Chardon, Ohio, in late February, I can’t help but be impressed with the campuses’ and law enforcement’s responses to both of these tragedies. With the incident in Pennsylvania, six University of Pittsburgh campus police officers responded within two minutes of the first 9-1-1 call. The officers, who had split into two groups of three, outflanked the gunman and diverted his attention from possibly killing or injuring other victims. After being shot at by the suspect, one of the groups of officers returned fire and killed him. Officials at the university attribute the officers’ effective response to the Virginia Tech-style training they received. With the Ohio shooting, a brave teacher chased the shooter out of the school. Additionally, responding law enforcement officers promptly entered the school, located the victims and created a security perimeter so the suspect couldn’t re-enter the campus.
EMERGENCY NOTIFICATION PLAYS A CRITICAL ROLE School officials also deserve quite a bit of credit in their handling of the Ohio incident. They quickly issued an emergency notification to parents, providing them with status of the situation. The campus’ parent-student reunification plans and evacuation plans also proved to be very effective. Additionally, counselors were quickly mobilized to help students deal with the tragedy. Of course, none of these successes can possibly compensate for the lives that were lost: three at Chardon High School and one at the Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic. That being said, these incidents could have and would have been much worse but for the quick thinking of the law enforcement officers and campus staff who responded. And let’s not forget the tragedies that have been prevented as a result of improved in4
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formation sharing, student awareness and tip lines. In January, authorities were alerted by classmates of two Roy (Utah) High School students who were allegedly planning to bomb the campus. In December in Aurora, Ill., a Metea Valley High School junior was ordered to undergo a psychological evaluation after making threats he would commit a “Columbine-style” attack of the campus. On the higher ed side of things, a University of Maryland student was recently arrested for allegedly posting a threat on the Internet. Authorities say he claimed he was planning a shooting rampage that would “kill enough people to make it to national news.” A former student alerted authorities about the threats, as did two other individuals who were in contact with the suspect on a different Web site.
OIKOS U. TRAGEDY DEMONSTRATES THAT CHALLENGES REMAIN Unfortunately, not all attacks can be prevented. As I write this article, the horrific details of the April 2 shooting at Oikos University in Oakland, Calif., are coming to light. Seven people were killed and three more were injured when a former nursing student opened fire. Reports claim the suspect had been teased by his classmates because of his English skills and he had been asked to leave the school due to his anger management issues. The Oakland shooting just goes to show that, although we think of bullying as being a K-12 problem, it is also a problem for adults and can be used by individuals with behavioral health issues as a justification to commit violence. Despite these tragedies, it is important that we highlight the progress campuses and police have made in responding and preventing many active shooter incidents. The bottom line is training, evacuation drills, lockdown drills, mass notification, emergency preparedness plans and information sharing among staff and students all are effective at preventing and mitigating tragedies. Keep up the good work. www.campussafetymagazine.com
4/9/12 2:25 PM
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READER FEEDBACK
Comments Posted on JOPLIN DISTRICT REP: DON’T USE HALLWAYS AS TORNADO SHELTERS
CampusSafetyMagazine.com
Had Joplin schools used hallways during the massive May 2011 tornado that struck Joplin, Mo., many lives would have been lost.
manner that is not effective for wind resistance (long hallways, lots of windows, lots of exterior walls). We need to take a hard look at school design and how we could modify our thinking to keep the kids safe.” — Bob Roberts
“I would like to hear more suggestions if we lack buildings with sufficient ‘tornado safe’ areas. For example, in three of our middle schools, only 10 of the 36 rooms do not have outside windows. There is not a basement in those buildings. Any help would be greatly appreciated.” — Gary L. Sigrist Jr.
“Excellent article. I know we are guilty here at my college by thinking our students are safe in a hallway during threatening weather conditions. With the season fast approaching, if you can make changes do so. I think we all should sit back and re-think this practice...” — Douglas Duncan
“While it is important to critique all aspects of our planning based on new information, I’m not sure that the experience in one instance should cause anyone to totally abandon a practice that has been successful in protecting occupants numerous times before. Perhaps another answer is to reinforce the windows and doors that provide access to these hallways so they do not become wind tunnels. I don’t think the all or nothing approach is always going to be practical.” — John Wu
“As long as the preference for new school designs is natural light in every room and campuses that hold larger student/staff populations there may be few options other than hallways. One architect told me that tornadoes are anomalies and that their entire design cannot be predicated on severe weather safety. How do you fight that?” — Jo Moss
“We should keep in mind that the Joplin hallways (like many school halls) were designed with doors directly on both ends. If hallways were designed with a dogleg or another method of avoiding a glass door at the end, it would substantially reduce the tendency to turn into a wind tunnel. School buildings are notorious for being designed in a
WHAT’S ON THE WEB NOW
CampusSafetyMagazine.com
UPDATE: STATE HEALTH OFFICIALS DISMISS COMPLAINTS AGAINST BEYONCÉ, JAY-Z State health officials dismissed two complaints against Beyoncé and JayZ’s security team at Lenox Hill Hospital after the birth of the couple’s child. The investigation was open and shut in a number of hours. “Your reports of the hospital security provided to Beyonce and Jay-Z was disappointing. Instead of attempt-
ing to factually report on the security provided to celebrities in this situation, you opted to quote and reprint ‘news’ reports of complaints regarding her security. Needless to say these reports were not accurate and a simple request by your magazine would have obtained accurate information. I feel you have done your readers a terrible disservice by quoting other media outlets without checking facts. A simple query in your own database would have shown that the persons charged with those duties were subscribers and easily reached. As the person directly responsible, I can assure you that all of your report was untrue.” — James A. Romagnoli
RICE U. POLICE CHIEF, MAJOR TO LEAVE INSTITUTION Although it was reported that they resigned after firing an officer who left campus to assist two Houston police officers, Rice officials say Taylor and Marshall are leaving voluntarily. “Rice once again provides suspect information in their press release. Major Marshall quitting the Rice University police department to go get an undergraduate degree? Come on, why not attend Rice? Also, check Linkedin. She is a Captain in the University of Alabama at Huntsville police department; not an undergrad somewhere. I believe that she was forced out and that Rice lied about it.” — Larry Gray
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DiNovo, Jaccuzzo & Summers Named Directors of the Year
Award Winners
(Left) John DiNovo, director of public safety for Saratoga Hospital in Saratoga Springs, N.Y. (Middle) Craig Jaccuzzo, chief of police for Nicholls State University in Thibodaux, La. (Left) Gerald Eugene Summers, director of safety and security for the Evansville Vanderburgh School Corp. in Evansville, Ind.
LOS ANGELES — Campus Safety magazine is pleased to announce that John A. DiNovo, Craig Jaccuzzo and Gerald Eugene Summers have won the publication’s coveted Director of the Year awards. DiNovo, who is the director of public safety for Saratoga Hospital in Saratoga Springs, N.Y., received the top honor in the hospital category. He transformed the security group that formerly reported to engineering into a 20-member, full-service public safety department that reports to the vice president of operations and facilities. DiNovo also expanded and upgraded his hospital’s video surveillance, call box, panic alarm, photo ID and access control systems. Jaccuzzo is the chief of police for Nicholls State University in Thibodaux, La., and he won the award in the higher education sector. He completely overhauled the campus police department, including building a new facility, new communications system and uniform patrol fleet with standardized equipment. Jaccuzzo also authored legislation (that is now law) requiring all sex offenders to register with campus police when they become students, volunteers or employees. Summers, who is the director of safety and security for the Evansville Vanderburgh School Corp. in Evansville, Ind., received the top honor in 8
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the K-12 school/district category. He updated procedures for drills and convened meetings and trained staff on emergency procedures. Additionally, the positive relationships he developed
with city and county officers, first responders and central dispatch resulted in his being assigned 800 MHz police, fire and ambulance radios and a central dispatch call number.
Runners Up
(Left) Paul Callahan, assistant vice president of campus safety and chief of police at the University of Akron; (Middle) Robert Lenahan, Stony Brook University chief of police; (Right) Ralph Webb, Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department captain
Program Judges
(Far left) James D. Brown, associate director for the Commission on Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies, Inc., (CALEA); (Left) Michael Dorn, executive director for Safe Havens International; (Right) Bonnie Michelman, director of police, security and outside services at Massachusetts General Hospital; (Far right) Ray Thrower, campus safety director for Gustavus Adolphus College Campus Safety magazine wishes to thank our judges for participating. www.campussafetymagazine.com
4/5/12 12:52 PM
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NEWS WATCH (Director of the Year —Continued) Runners up for the award are University of Akron Assistant Vice President of Campus Safety and Chief of Police Paul Callahan, Stony Brook University Chief of Police Robert Lenahan and Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department Captain Ralph Webb. Now in its sixth year, the Campus
Safety Director of the Year Award program honors hospital, university and school campus police chiefs, directors of public safety and security, and emergency management executives who go above and beyond the call of duty, demonstrating outstanding leadership skills, ingenuity, selflessness
and overall achievement. In-depth coverage of each winner will appear in upcoming issues of Campus Safety magazine, as well as online at www.CampusSafetyMagazine.com. To prepare for next year’s program, visit www.CampusSafetyMagazine.com/DirectorOfTheYear.
AASA Report Supports Use of Restraints, Seclusion in Schools The American Association of School Administrators (AASA) released a report supporting the use of restraint and seclusion as disciplinary measures in schools to cope with dangerous incidents involving students with severe behavioral or emotional issues. In response, Equity, Opportunity and Inclusion for People with Disabilities (TASH) published a letter refuting the report, claiming that it contained an “abundance of destructive mischaracterizations and inaccuracies.” AASA, according to its report, believes “the use of seclusion and re-
straint has enabled many students with serious emotional or behavioral conditions to be educated not only within our public schools, but also in the least restrictive and safest environments possible.” The group supports the safe and responsible use of restraint and seclusion by school personnel, only when circumstances demand their application. A survey conducted by AASA found that: • 10% of respondents used seclusion and restraint more than 5% of the time in a single school year
UPCOMING EVENTS The International Association for Healthcare Security & Safety (IAHSS) will be holding its 44th Annual General Membership Meeting and Seminar Program May 6-9. It will take place at the Flamingo Hotel in Las Vegas. Topics covered will include workplace violence, trends in prisoner patient safety and responding to active shooters. For more information, visit www.iahss.org. APRIL 18–20 NJ CUPSA/IACLEA 7th Annual NJ CUPSA/IACLEA Regional Conference Atlantic City, N.J. MAY 6–9 IAHSS/International Association for Healthcare Security & Safety Annual General Meeting Las Vegas www.iahss.org JUNE 16–19 IACLEA/International Association of Campus Law Enforcement Administrators Annual Conference Reno, Nev. www.iaclea.org JUNE 24–27 NECUSA/Northeast Colleges & Universities Security Association Conference Cape Cod, Mass. www.necusa.org
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JULY 17–18 Security On Campus, Inc. Jeanne Clery Act Training Seminar Orlando, Fla. www.securityoncampus.org JULY 26 Southern California IAHSS Symposium UCLA Medical Center DGibbs@GuidePostSolutions.com JULY 27 Northern California IAHSS Symposium Stanford University Medical Center DGibbs@GuidePostSolutions.com JULY 31–AUG. 2 2012 National Sports Safety & Security Conference New Orleans www.NCS4.com JULY 31–AUG. 3 College and University Police and Investigators Conference (CUPIC) Fairfax, Va. www.cupic.gmu.edu
• 97% of respondents said that staff who perform seclusion and restraint are either trained or certified in how to perform safe and appropriate seclusion and restraint • 95% of school personnel who perform seclusion and restraint are trained in prevention and conflict de-escalation or positive behavioral interventions and supports • 25% of school districts reported that at least 20 times in the last school year, an administrator, teacher, paraprofessional, aide or other school professional trained in proper seclusion and restraint techniques has been physically threatened or attacked by a student • 30% of school districts responded that within the last five years, there have been at least five hospitalizations of school staff due to unanticipated behavioral outbursts by students According to AASA, if school districts were unable to use these techniques, students with severe behavioral and emotional disorders would have to be institutionalized or sent to private facilities where they might not have access to the same rights and services they would receive in public school. The report goes on to say that teachers and other school personnel would be injured more frequently if seclusion and restraint were prohibited. However, TASH’s response to AASA’s report stated that AASA lacked evidence for its argument and that “a substantial and growing number of education researchers, child trauma experts and the Government Accountability Office principally agree that restraint and seclusion techniques are dangerous and traumatic for everyone involved, including teachers, other school personnel, students and other witnesses to the incident.” TASH says that restraint and seclusion are most often used for punishment or convenience, not for www.campussafetymagazine.com
4/5/12 12:52 PM
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NEWS WATCH (AASA Report—Continued) emergencies. “Such techniques are disproportionately used on the most vulnerable children: those with significant disabilities, between the ages 6 and 10 and children with no verbal expression. They are used because of attitudes about children that are not based in fact, and a fundamental lack of knowledge of behavior management strategies.” Administrators who do not allow these techniques promote the development of skills to prevent emergencies caused by behavioral issues, according to the letter. “Positive Behavior Sup-
ports, which is recognized in the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, is a science-based practice that identifies the problem and leads to positive solutions. More than two decades of peer-reviewed studies have provided strong evidence of positive alternatives for addressing even the most serious behavior challenges, such as self-injury, aggression and property damage.” The letter cites a survey of 837 parents whose children had experienced restraint or seclusion in public schools, in which more than 93% of parents reported signs of trauma.
Jury: Va. Tech Was Negligent in ‘07 Massacre CHRISTIANSBURG, Va. — A jury found Virginia Tech negligent on March 14 for delaying to alert its campus about a gunman during the 2007 massacre that left 33 people dead. The parents of two students killed in the April 16, 2007 shooting claimed that if the university had acted more quickly in alerting the campus about the first two victims, lives could have been spared. The jury deliberated for 3.5 hours before siding with the parents. The jury awarded each of the families $4 million. The state immediately filed a motion to reduce the award, which is required by state law to be capped at $100,000. Despite the jury’s findings, an administrative judge ruled in March that the school did not violate the Clery Act. As a result, Virginia Tech will not have to pay the $55,000 fine levied by the U.S. Department of Education.
LAUSD Eases Termination Rules in Sexual Misconduct Cases LOS ANGELES — The Los Angeles Unified School District board approved resolutions in March that call for state law and district policy changes to make it easier to fire teachers in cases of sexual misconduct. The board
Campus Safety Named Finalist for Editorial Excellence Award LOS ANGELES — Campus Safety magazine has been named as a finalist in the Western Publishing Association (WPA) Maggie Awards program, with a nomination as Best Public Safety Trade magazine. This is the seventh year in a row that CS has been named as a finalist or winner in the editorial excellence awards program. Winners will be announced April 27 in Los Angeles. 12
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also called for the creation of a standard procedure for notifying parents about such cases. Currently, teachers accused of misconduct can continue to receive paychecks while challenging their dismissal — a process that can take years, the Daily Breeze reports. Board member Tamar Galatzan, a city prosecutor, said that many of these fired teachers are paid to drop their appeal. A group of Republicans in the State Legislature announced plans to introduce legislation that would comply with the board’s requests, the Chatsworth Patch reports. The district has asked that state education officials allow the district to remove a teacher from the classroom immediately after beginning dismissal proceedings, among other changes. The district has also been working with state Sen. Alex Padilla on a bill that would give school boards throughout California the ultimate authority to decide personnel and disciplinary issues, the Daily Breeze reports.
Other statistics cited in the letter include: • 69% of restraint and seclusion incidents involve children under the age of 10 • 70% of students subjected to these procedures have disabilities • Nearly 60% of those subjected to these procedures have limited or no speech or recognized means of communication, most typically caused by autism. To read AASA’s report and TASH’s response, visit www.CampusSafetyMagazine.com/K12Restraints
Colo. Supreme Court Overturns Campus Weapons Ban DENVER, Colo. — The Colorado Supreme Court ruled on March 5 that the University of Colorado (CU) cannot ban concealed- weapon permit holders from bringing guns onto campus. Students for Concealed Carry on Campus, a gun-rights group, filed a lawsuit against the university in 2008, claiming that CU’s concealed weapon policy was violating state gun laws, the Daily Camera reports. During his arguments, James Manley, the attorney representing the group, cited a state law that prohibits local governments from limiting state concealed-weapon rights. CU argued that the law applies to cities and counties, not CU’s campuses.
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feature
school emergency preparedness
14 T
SEVERE WEATHER SURVIVAL TIPS
Vulnerability assessments, using safe rooms, following the two-wall rule and planning for students with special needs are just some of the steps your campus must take to prepare for a tornado. By Steve Satterly
here is no worse feeling, professionally or personally, than knowing that nothing you do while an incident is occurring can alter its outcome. In 2002 — as I felt the pressure on my ears, heard the roar of the tornado, then the shriek of tearing metal as the ventilators were ripped off the roof — that was what I was feeling. The terrified screams of the students and staff as I turned the corner to see water cascading into the hallway and the lights flickering are something I will never forget. That moment inspired my passion for school safety. While there is nothing you can do during the storm to alter the outcome, there is a lot you can do prior to it that can prevent injuries and fatalities. Educators have a professional responsibility to do what they can to make sure they never face the nightmare of visiting a student in the hospital or going to a student’s funeral. Tornadoes are among the most violent type of storms in the world, with
1.
winds in excess of 200 mph. They can wreak incredible havoc on schools and communities, and can change lives forever. The string of deadly tornadoes in the spring of 2011, followed by this year’s deadly season have had the positive side effect of generating renewed interest in tornado procedures for schools. Conceptual decisions in emergency management should normally be made after careful study, thought and (when possible) with consideration for research and evaluation. There are established best practices for dealing with tornadoes that have helped K-12 campuses and other organizations prevent many mass casualty events. Great care should be taken before changing these well-established and successful practices based on a single crisis or several individual events. For example, with the nearly endless array of school designs, there are still many schools where the odds of students and staff being injured and killed would rise dramatically if hallways
SENDING STUDENTS HOME POSES RISKS
The numerous reports and research from FEMA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) indicate best practices rest on one of two actions: the creation of a safe room in school buildings, or the use of best available shelters within existing facilities. Sending students home ahead of storms can create numerous risks that may result in injury or deaths for which schools may be held liable. Of course, this is based on the specific facts in each incident, but school administrators should consider several things prior to making the decision to send students home: •How long will it take to get all students home? In urban areas, that may not take as long as in some rural or suburban areas. •Will parents be home when the children get there? This may be age-specific, as high school students are more capable of getting into their homes and finding a safe area 14
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were eliminated as shelter areas. This article is a refresher of current best practices for tornado sheltering for schools, as well as an explanation of why they have become best practices. It will also describe the process to change protocols so that such changes are made in a thoughtful and logical manner. Nothing in this article should be construed as criticism of the administration of West Clark Schools for the decision to send students home before the storm, nor is this article intended to critique Joplin Schools for their decision to eliminate hallways as shelter areas (see Recent Tornado Outbreaks That Have Affected Schools on page 20). The bottom line is, no school children or staff members died, and that is a great blessing This article is meant instead to serve as the basis for proper development of effective protocols based on research, and the development of a dynamic exercise program that will make you more comfortable in implementing those protocols.
than elementary students. •Will school personnel get home safely in time? Remember, having staff out in the storm returning students home can also make leaders responsible for their safety. •How often do severe storms hit your area? As part of an annual hazard and vulnerability assessment process, you should determine, with your local team, whether you are in an area that has frequent severe storms. If they happen frequently, sending children home becomes costly, ultimately frustrating and, as mentioned, could increase risk to students and staff. •Do you have a reverse 9-1-1 system or emergency notification system (ENS) to rapidly communicate your plans with parents and guardians? Parents at work will assume that their child is under the care of the school unless they receive word otherwise. Lack of communication may lead to panic if they hear the school was damaged, and they don’t know their child was sent home. I have experienced, firstwww.campussafetymagazine.com
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Photos: Š iStockphoto.com
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hand, the frustration of this type of situation. This list of questions and considerations is not an exhaustive one, but it should serve to demonstrate that sending students home ahead of a storm has potential pitfalls and issues. Having said that, a school district that properly utilizes the all-hazards approach to emergency planning may decide to send students home early and establish that as an option in their protocol. These types of emergencies are local, and the decision-making processes should also be local. However, there is yet no research to validate this approach.
2.
CONSIDER CREATING A SAFE ROOM
FEMA 361 (Design and Construction Guidance for Community Safe Rooms), Second Edition, outlines the criteria for the creation of a safe room in school buildings. FEMA’s Hazard Mitigation Assistance Program has been in existence since 1998. Since then, no safe room built to FEMA’s specifications has been reported as having failed. FEMA safe rooms also use the International Code Council standards ICC-500 in consensus with the National Storm Shelter Association. Such a safe room will provide nearly absolute protection from deadly winds and debris associated with violent tornadoes. According to FEMA, a safe room is an interior room; a space inside a building, or a separate building that is designed and built to provide protection from extreme wind events and wind-borne debris. FEMA classifies safe rooms into two categories: residential and community. The scope of this article covers commercial safe rooms. These rooms are designed to protect a large number of people using criteria as set forth in FEMA 361 and ICC-500. After the 2007 Enterprise, Ala., tornado that struck a lo-
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cal high school, NOAA clearly identified the value of safe rooms. “The eight fatalities at the high school appear to have been due to structural failure of the roof and walls, which collapsed on the students,” the report claims. “Previous events have shown that hardened safe rooms provide better shelter from tornadoes than other permanent structures, especially during EF3 or greater tornadoes, and may be a critical component of adequate tornado safety plans, especially in mobile home parks, homes with standard grade construction, and non-residential buildings in which many people normally gather (schools, office buildings, etc.).” Having such a shelter in your school would provide the best probability of survival in the event of a tornado, but there are some obstacles to getting this done. The biggest obstacle is cost. Unless your school district has new construction, there is a major cost to retrofit your existing buildings to incorporate safe rooms. The Hazard Mitigation Assistance Program can help mitigate the costs, but that requires jumping through some pretty significant bureaucratic hoops. The tradeoff is great protection from violent tornadoes, but for many, the financial burden may be insurmountable.
3.
CONDUCT A VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT
One of the first steps in the designing of a community safe room or identifying a best available shelter area is to determine whether or not one is needed. This requires a vulnerability assessment geared toward extreme wind events. The first step of the vulnerability assessment is to determine the local threat of extreme wind events. The assessment of the threat level is based on the probability of an occurrence of an extreme wind event of a specific magwww.campussafetymagazine.com
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nitude at a specific location. For the purposes of this article, an extreme wind event is a tornado of EF3 or higher. The probability of occurrence is a statistical estimate drawn from historical records and is often presented as wind speed maps and frequency maps and tables. (See Tornado Activity in the United States on page 16.) Once the threat level has been determined, your building must be assessed for potential vulnerabilities to wind damage. At www.CampusSafetyMagazine.com/TornadoBuildingChecklist is a checklist provided by FEMA to assist in this assessment. This assessment should be done in two stages. The first stage is a general survey of your campus to identify those buildings, or parts of a building, that would be at greatest risk of serious damage or collapse during an extreme wind event. The second stage should be performed by a well qualified and experienced professional who can identify the interior areas of a school that can serve as the best possible refuge from extreme wind events. The next step in a vulnerability assessment is the identification of population at risk. FEMA describes this population as “those people who are unable to evacuate ahead of a storm for any reason.” In a school, that would be everyone on campus. Identifying this population is necessary for doing a proper risk assessment as this determines potential losses as a result of storm damage. It is also necessary so you can make sure that everyone at risk has a place to go and can get there in a timely manner.
4.
CONDUCT A RISK ANALYSIS
After identifying the population at risk, it’s time to do a risk analysis, the final step of the vulnerability assessment. FEMA describes this step as, “The potential losses determined on the basis of the vulnerability of a building and its occupants to damage and resultant death and injury of an extreme wind event of a certain magnitude are compared with the probability of occurrence of such an event at that location.” There are three general risk levels: low, medium and high. Once you have identified a moderate risk, a community safe room should be considered.
This was in the east/west hallway of Henryville High School, which maintained structural integrity. The classroom behind these lockers had a wall collapse into the classroom. The force knocked these lockers off of their moorings.
Having completed your vulnerability assessment, it’s time to plan. From here on out, this article assumes that a best available shelter area is being chosen over a safe room. If you are going to build a safe room, then FEMA 361 should be your guide.
5.
PREPARE YOUR ‘BEST AVAILABLE SHELTER’
If you have identified an area as a best possible shelter, calculate the square footage of the area, and subtract out any unusable space, such as furniture, columns, equipment, partitions and anything that would interfere with someone using that part of the floor. This gives you the usable space in that area. From that, you can calculate how many people can be safely sheltered there. You will need to know the maximum number of people in your building. Take this number and multiply by five. For each person in a wheel chair, multiply by 10. The resulting number is the square footage needed to shelter everyone. For example, if your school has 560 students, 75 staff members and three students in wheelchairs, your equation would be: (635 x 5) + (3 x 10) = 3,205 square feet of shelter space needed. Keep in mind that people who are being sheltered will be sitting on the floor in the “duck and cover” position. As part of your planning, you should take into account that FEMA considers two hours as the maximum time of occupancy. After that amount of time, people can leave the shelter to head elsewhere, provided the storm has moved on and depending on any damage.
Photos: Steve Satterly
6. This is the east/west hallway of Henryville Elementary. This is the east door, directly below the point of impact. Note the hallway’s structure is still sound. The door’s glass was blown out on one side. 18
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AVOID BUILDINGS WITH LARGE ROOF SPANS
Roof span is an important consideration when placing a shelter area. This is the length of the beams that support the roof. Also important is the direction of the beams. The tremendous stresses created by a tornado can quickly overwhelm the ability of a roof beam to continue to support its share of the weight of the roof, and to help provide structural integrity for the walls. The maximum roof span is 25 feet. Anything over that, and you will risk increasing the probability of roof and/or wall failure during an extreme-wind event. Long hallways are still viable, as usually roof beams are perpendicular to www.campussafetymagazine.com
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the hallway. That being said, it is best to check by taking a look at the blueprints for the school.
7.
CAREFULLY ASSESS USING HALLWAYS AS SHELTERS
The use of hallways during an extreme-wind event has been debated extensively, especially after the Joplin, Mo., and now the Henryville, Ind., tornadoes. Video footage shows wind-blown debris speeding through the hallways, creating great fears that students sheltering in those hallways could be injured or killed by the debris. Hallways that open to the outside should be the last place used because the doors at the end will likely fail, and students would then be subjected to wind-borne debris. However, my review of the research has not shown a significant number of fatalities from wind-borne debris. The vast majority of fatalities in an extreme-wind event come from students being buried under collapsed walls and roofing material.
8.
FOLLOW THE 2-WALL RULE
This leads to the next important consideration. When selecting your best possible shelter area, make sure that there are a minimum of two walls between that
area and the outside. An exterior wall of a hallway at Henryville Elementary collapsed onto the floor. Had anyone been sheltering there, they would have been buried under brick, masonry, drywall and other construction materials. A number of students took shelter in the windowless nurse’s office inside of Henryville High School. That office was in the east side of an interior courtyard and was next door to the main office. Right outside of that office, the north wall of the courtyard collapsed into a computer classroom. That collapse occurred 15-20 feet from the nurse’s office. The hallway on the inside of that classroom remained structurally sound, although a bank of lockers was knocked off of its mounts from the force of the collapse.
9.
PLAN FOR STUDENTS WITH SPECIAL NEEDS
Students with special needs should be factored into your planning. Not only do you need more space for wheelchair-bound students, but remember that many students with special needs do not react well to change, and an extreme wind event will create major changes. Remember that the time to plan for their needs is before you need to meet those needs. ➞
Recent Tornado Outbreaks That Have Affected Schools March 1, 2007: An EF4 tornado struck Enterprise High School in Enterprise, Ala. Although the high school followed proper protocol, the tornado still killed eight people. The fatalities happened when a concrete wall collapsed in a hallway. In another hallway, another collapse occurred, trapping many students for a period of time. The winds were so strong that cars were tossed about in the parking lot, and trees were uprooted. Buses were lined up outside to take students home early, but the storm hit before the students could be dismissed. FEMA and the National Weather Service (NWS) concluded that the loss to human life would have been far greater had administrators tried to evacuate because the tornado would have struck during bus loading and transport operations. May 22, 2011: An EF5 tornado devastated the town of Joplin, Mo., killing 160 people and injuring nearly 1,000. Video footage from Joplin High School and Joplin’s East Middle School showed school hallways that became wind tunnels, with large debris swirling through them. Fortunately, the tornado occurred on a Sunday, and schools were not in session. The video has prompted Joplin school administrators to no longer use hallways as tornado shelters. This raises some valid questions about the use of hallways for severe weather sheltering. For example, many schools have used hallways that are not suitable as shelter areas such as hallways that have exterior doorways. At the same time, the elimination of hallways as shelter areas could cause mass casualty losses in some schools. March 2, 2012: An EF4 tornado struck the town of Henryville, Ind. Henryville Elementary School sustained a direct hit, as did Henryville High School. Administrators there were forewarned of the severity of the storm and decided to send students home early. No students were lost to the tornado, although several bus drivers were forced to stop and seek emergency shelter while taking their kids home. Fatalities would almost certainly have occurred if students had not been sent home. 20
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This is the south side of Henryville Elementary. To the far right is the point of impact of the tornado.
The tornado hit the south side of Henryville Elementary. It tore off the second floor, and blew out several classrooms at the point of impact. www.campussafetymagazine.com
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10.
school emergency preparedness
EQUIP YOUR SHELTER AREAS
You will need emergency equipment for your shelter areas. FEMA recommends one flashlight (with continuously charging batteries) per 10 occupants, as well as a first aid kit. They also recommend a NOAA weather radio (with batteries), and a radio (with batteries) that can pick up commercial stations. An extra supply of batteries is recommended, as well as a device that will create a piercing sound without a power source (Such as an air horn), to be used to signal rescue workers if you get trapped in the shelter. You should have a communications device other than a landline phone. After a tornado, cell phone coverage may be spotty, although SMS text messages will often work even if cell phone calls will not.
11.
WORK WITH LOCAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
School administrators need to develop a professional relationship with their local emergency management agency director. This relationship will provide a means for the EMA director to send you warnings of severe weather. He/she can also serve as a resource for your vulnerability assessment. In Indiana, our local EMA director provided training that allowed us to access the Indiana Department of Homeland Security’s WebEOC, an online resource for reporting and tracking incidents.
Close Windows During a Tornado A common myth claiming that open windows will equalize pressure and minimize damage needs to be dispelled. What this does is allow wind to enter the building, leading to over pressurization of the structure, causing more damage. Many of the windows used in the schools in Henryville were double-paned, laminated safety glass. There were numerous instances where the outer pan broke, but the inner pane held, helping to maintain the structural integrity of that part of the building.
Most of the windows of both Henryville schools were doublepaned, laminated glass. Note the failure of the outer pane, but not the inner pane. This was common around the schools, until you got close to the impact point. www.campussafetymagazine.com/freeinfo/14146 22
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The driver of the bus shown here realized she and the students she was transporting could not out-run the tornado that struck Henrysville, Ind., on March 2. The bus returned to the high school. Seconds before the tornado hit, the driver and students were able to get off the bus, get into the high school and take shelter in the nurse’s office. The bus was picked up by the winds and tossed 200 300 feet through the side of a brick building. While it is most fortunate that the decision to evacuate students in this case saved lives, it could have also ended up being one of the most deadly school disasters in U.S. history. As this case illustrates, there are no absolutes in tornado preparedness, only high and low probabilities.
12.
FORMULATE CAMPUS CLOSURE POLICIES
Develop a written policy that allows the school the capability to pre-emptively close ahead of severe weather warnings received from the EMA director. Spell out, in writing, under what conditions school may be released early. If one is not currently used, obtain and properly test a reverse 9-1-1 system or emergency notification system to instantly communicate with your patrons.
13.
KEEP AN EYE ON THE SKY
14.
ASSESS INJURIES AND DAMAGES
If a tornado watch is issued, then conditions are right for the formation of tornadoes, and you should be in a heightened state of alert. Monitor weather radar to track storms, local TV stations and commercial radio; curtail outdoor activities, and have your staff locate their emergency kits and equipment so they can be grabbed at a moment’s notice. This would be a good time to review the locations of your best available shelter areas and the routes to get to them. Transportation staff should be notified and placed on alert. Keep an eye on the sky. A tornado warning means that a tornado has been sighted or indicated by weather radar. Take shelter immediately! Look for the danger signs in the sky: Dark, often greenish sky, large hail, a large, dark, low-lying cloud, especially if you notice rotation, and/or a loud roar, similar to a freight train. If you find yourself outside, get into a low-lying area or dry ditch and lie flat.
After the storm has passed, assess yourself for injuries, and then begin to assess others. Watch out for fallen power lines. Listen to the radio for instructions. Power will most likely be out, so use your flashlights to help you assess the situation. Never use candles or mantle-lanterns as natural gas may be present, and the debris is likely to contain flammable materials. STEVE SATTERLY is the director of school safety and transportation at the CSC Southern Hancock County in East Central Indiana. He is a survivor of an EF3 tornado on September 20, 2002 and can be reached at satterly. steve@att.net. This article was edited by Michael Dorn, executive director of Safe Havens International. For additional coverage of this and other healthcare and educational safety and security topics, visit
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case study
FLORIDA STATE’S
‘EASY BUTTON’
Photos courtesy of Florida State University.
feature
Institutions cannot afford to have an emergency notification system that takes minutes to verify an emergency, draft a message, seek approval and/or send the alert. To address this challenge, Florida State University, in conjunction with Siemens, has developed a centralized activation portal for its FSU ALERT emergency notification system. By Dave Bujak
F
lorida State University’s (FSU) “FSU ALERT” emergency notification system boasts 32 different methods of emergency communication delivery. These are broken down into 10 primary, nine secondary and 13 tertiary modalities. The modalities include, but are not limited to, outdoor warning sirens, indoor warning sirens, SMS text messaging, E-mails, strobe
lights, digital signage, desktop alerts and social media (Facebook, Twitter, et al). Until now, however, managing all of these systems was a challenge.
POLICY GIVES POLICE, EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY Prior to the integration of all of these mass notification solutions, FSU went to great lengths to streamline the FSU ALERT activation process. The policy
governing its usage places maximum authority into the hands of those individuals who manage emergencies: the FSU police department and emergency management, which is located within the department of environmental health and safety. The policy established pre-approved scenarios by which the first responders can issue alerts without requiring the delay of an administrative approval
Campus at a Glance Florida State University (FSU) is home to more than 41,000 students and 12,000 employees. The campus is located in central Tallahassee, adjacent to the state capitol, state supreme court, city hall, county courthouse, and numerous other businesses and state agencies. FSU is an urban campus with 215 buildings on 450 acres. Nearly 10,000 students reside in on-campus housing. The campus population will swell to over 100,000 during home football games at Doak Campbell Stadium, which has a capacity of about 83,000. 24
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feature
case study will sell you the all-in-one solution that might even have a really easy activation process. That’s great if you’re not like FSU: an institution that has already invested in excess of $1 million in hardware and technology to support its alert system. As you can imagine, FSU was not interested in disposing of that investment and starting from scratch. Additionally, there is a lot to be said about putting all your eggs in one basket.
ACTIVATION PROCESS NEEDED TO BE SIMPLE
The FSU ALERT EZ Local Operator Control is located in the university’s police dispatch office, and is equipped with several easy buttons denoting different types of emergencies.
process. If the situation provides the luxury of going up the chain, the policy calls for that movement up the approval hierarchy. However, in the worst case scenarios where time is critical, that luxury does not exist; nor is it needed by the policy. Despite FSU’s best practices in developing pre-approved scenarios, pre-scripted messages and a streamlined approval process, there were unacceptable delays in activating the system. The problem arose from the program’s own success. By employing so many different technologies to deliver emergency messages, there were simply more buttons to push to make things happen.
When a second means the difference between life and death, any delay whatsoever is unacceptable. Since FSU had done all it could from a policy, planning, training, exercise and operational aspect to maximize efficiency for FSU ALERT, it was time to look at technology enhancements. There are companies out there that
Message Delivery Delays Posed Problems for FSU Prior to the implementation of FSU’s easy button, the amount of time that emergency messages could be delivered was too long. Under the best circumstances, the activation time for FSU ALERT was 10 minutes. There was a 15 minute delivery time for SMS texts and a 60 minute delivery time for E-mail. For example, the most ideal scenario was the threat of forecasted severe weather, where the National Weather Service has a tornado watch in place, emergency management officials are monitoring the radar, and all of the emergency notification systems are ready to go. Even under this scenario, it still took the most seasoned and experienced emergency notification professionals about 10 minutes to push all the right buttons to activate the different systems. Now, consider some less than ideal situations. It is 2:30 a.m. You need to wake up, boot up a laptop, get connected to the Internet and start all the appropriate software. The next thing you know, it’s 30 minutes after the start of the emergency. That is assuming you are the most seasoned person running the system. Now assume you are on a cruise in the Bahamas. Your primary backup person is on-scene at the incident with gun drawn engaging a suspect. Who’s next? Unfortunately, it is the guy who sat through training, has the procedures in hand but has little experience actually doing it. How long will he or she take? 26
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FSU needed a way to consolidate as many of its emergency notification delivery methods as possible into a single activation portal. A solution was needed that would integrate the existing technologies and infrastructure that FSU had established over the previous years. There was little interest in abandoning previous investments and starting from scratch, as was proposed by many vendors. In addition to simply pulling everything together into one activation process, FSU wanted it to be extremely simple for those worst case scenarios. FSU wanted something akin to a panic button. The university envisioned a button, or series of buttons, on the wall of FSU police dispatch that any individual could simply press and the emergency alert was sent. Clearly, the FSU police communications center is a secured facility, so it would be a good location for the activation button. The university internally dubbed this concept the “FSU ALERT EZ” project, in homage to the Easy Button advertising by Staples office supply stores. FSU wanted something that would make one say, “That was easy!” In early 2010, FSU issued an invitation to negotiate (ITN) to the emergency notification and information technology market sectors to develop a potential solution. The scope of work emphasized that a successful solution needed to integrate FSU’s existing infrastructure, provide a physical easy button, and be scalable to incorporate any future changes or additions in technology. There was some flexibility for value-added suggestions, but the university was clear that it was not interested in abandoning and replacing any previous investments unless there was a clear benefit to doing so. Price was not really a major concern. The www.campussafetymagazine.com
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case study
larger issue was finding someone who had the means to complete the task.
ONLY 3 COMPANIES PROVIDED VIABLE SOLUTIONS
FSU’s emergency notification system boasts 32 different methods of emergency communication delivery, including outdoor warning sirens.
Numerous companies replied to FSU’s ITN. Clearly many did not comprehend the scope of the project. Most seemed interested in selling their product while eliminating and replacing previous investments in infrastructure. Only three of the dozens of respondents grasped the concept of true integration and provided viable solutions. One company clearly had the expertise to complete the project. They had completed a similar project at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), widely known to be the first, and at that time, the only institution in the nation to integrate its existing disparate emergency notification systems into a single activation portal. The second respondent was essentially a reseller of the first respondent’s technology. The third was Siemens Industrial, which had a clear idea of how to meet FSU’s needs but admittedly
Other Communications Upgrades Delayed Implementation As time goes on and things evolve, some things change. In all fairness to Siemens, a large part of the delay in completing this project stemmed from changes FSU was making to the existing infrastructure that was being integrated with Siemens. While Siemens was developing its system, FSU was on a parallel but related mission to improve some of the underlying mass notification delivery technologies. The term “mass notification” includes all those nonemergency scenarios that institutions send out notices for, such as important announcements from the president or chancellor, major events and administrative business (e.g. “Remember, there is no school on Labor Day”). FSU’s mass E-mail delivery mechanism was a legacy solution that was developed in-house by FSU nearly a decade prior. This system was notorious for taking 45-60 minutes to deliver 62,000 or more E-mails. FSU’s existing SMS text provider’s contract was coming up for renewal. They were doing a good job of delivering text messages in 15 minutes or less, but there was room for improvement. Entities on campus such as admissions, registrar, boosters and foundation were looking for technology that would make outreach (phone calls, E-mails, text) a lot easier. So, in the overall university interest in improving communications, not just limited to emergency communications, the university contracted with Blackboard Connect. Bringing on Blackboard Connect did a number of things to the Siemens project. First of all, mid-way through its development, FSU had to tell Siemens to redirect its efforts from our legacy E-mail system, our previous SMS text vendor, our previous voice calling vendor, our previous RSS feed generator and many other connections. Additionally, FSU placed two direct competitors in a position of being required to work together. Let’s just say that there were a lot of board-room level discussions going on in various loca28
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tions to secure this arrangement. Understandably, Blackboard Connect needed to protect its proprietary intellectual property, but Siemens needed a way to plug into their system. Once the philosophical agreements were in place, it would take a much longer time to facilitate the technical specifications of how the two systems would interact. FSU’s IT department would end up becoming intimately involved in programming the data exchange between Siemens and Blackboard Connect. This connection would take months to fix and significantly delayed final completion of the project. While Sygnal was not a new product for Siemens, this was the first time that they were engaged in applying it to this sort of integration project. Understandably, it would take the company time to do a number of research and development projects to meet our needs and goals. Being one of the first in the nation is not easy. FSU did not expect it to be and understood going into the project that it would take a lot of development time and that there would be challenges along the way. Even UCLA will admit that their solution is highly-customized and built specifically for UCLA. It is not transferrable anywhere else. Siemen’s goal is to use the FSU experience to better its Sygnal product overall and make it to the point where it can be implemented at any institution, with any existing infrastructure, quickly and easily. While Siemens may face some stiff competition on the overall emergency notification market, they are quickly making a niche for themselves in terms of integration of pre-existing infrastructure. A number of institutions, including the University of Miami, have already signed on with Siemens and others are closely behind. It is important to note that other companies are catching on to the concept and in the future, there may be other options that were not available to FSU two years ago. www.campussafetymagazine.com
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had not done so before. The decision to use Siemens was based primarily on their depth of corporate resources and the fact that the university already had a solid relationship with Siemens in terms of building controls, facilities management and fire safety systems. Siemens proposed use of its Sygnal product, which it sells as a standalone emergency notification system in direct competition with all the other vendors on the market. However, Siemens would make Sygnal work with FSU’s existing infrastructure. Rather than replace any aspect of FSU’s existing system, Sygnal simply became a layer on top of all others. The advantage of this is that if for any reason Sygnal fails, FSU can still activate each of its emergency notification systems directly through their native controls. In terms
Administrators can access the emergency notification easy buttons online.
of redundancy, this is a critical benefit of this solution.
ON-CAMPUS, OFF-CAMPUS STAKEHOLDERS INVOLVED It is important to note that this sort of project is not entirely turnkey on the
Severe Weather Warning Puts FSU ALERT EZ to the Test On Thursday, January 26, 2012, FSU emergency management was coordinating with the National Weather Service (NWS) about the threat for severe weather that night. The Storm Prediction Center (SPC) had placed the region in an area of slight risk for severe weather due to an approaching cold front. The NWS office in Tallahassee sent briefing packets and hosted webinars. Everyone was on board and ready to respond. A Tornado Watch was issued by the SPC at 4:30 p.m. and was valid until midnight. FSU emergency management actively monitored the squall line as it approached from the west. A severe thunderstorm warning was issued for FSU’s Panama City campus, about 1.5 hours west of Tallahassee. FSU’s Panama City campus maintains its own localized warning systems, so there was no need to react at the main campus. As the evening progressed, all eyes were fixed on the radar. FSU emergency management participated in a live online chat with the NWS and local media on a system called NWSChat. Conversations with students, faculty, staff and the general public were also ongoing on social media (Facebook and Twitter) and another live chat tool hosted by a local television station. Everyone started to eye a little spin in the line of storms. The chat rooms started to buzz as the storm approached about 15 miles southwest of Tallahassee. Then, one pass of the radar indicated severe wind gusts. The NWS issued a severe thunderstorm warning for an area that included most of Tallahassee and FSU. FSU emergency management called the FSU police dispatchers and instructed them to open the bright yellow door and press the FSU ALERT EZ button labeled “severe thunderstorm.” Instantly, the FSU ALERT apparatus fired up. Sirens blared, voicemails posted and the hotline message recorded. But wait. The next pass of the radar showed something a little more ominous, that spin was really taking shape. Immediately, the NWS issued a tornado warning for the same area covered by the previous warning. Once again, FSU emergency management called FSU police and instructed them to go back and push the tornado warning button. Unfortunately, nothing happened. So, FSU emergency management fired up Blackboard Connect and manually issued the warning. Regardless of the glitch, all FSU ALERT emergency notification messages were delivered within three minutes from when the NWS said in chat that they were going to issue the warning. By being in the chat room, this gave FSU a jump on issuing its own alerts as opposed to waiting for the EAS and NOAA weather radios. In the end, it was still mission success because the FSU campus community was warned of the approaching tornado threat in a timely manner to affect a positive outcome. FSU, Siemens and Blackboard Connect would go back to the drawing board to determine what happened and make the necessary fixes. The basket broke, but none of the eggs did. This is a testament to preparedness, response and redundancy. 30
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part of Siemens. It required the input and teamwork of a large number of individuals on and off campus. FSU’s IT services designated a project manager who coordinated all the technical details behind the scenes. The networking people needed to run conduit, install network drops, configure IP addresses, coordinate with CenturyLink to install a dedicated T1 PRI line for the server, access server closets, physically mount the servers on racks and so much more. The telecommunications people needed to configure the voicemail and other systems to integrate with Siemens. The enterprise resource management people needed to configure the E-mail servers. FSU’s third-party siren vendor, American Signal, needed to custom manufacture an interface for Siemens to connect to. When all was said and done, a few dozen different individuals were in some way involved in the project. (It is also important to calculate the costs of all these contributions, as they are not included with your primary project vendor’s contract.) Having a good project manager on board to coordinate everything is critical.
MESSAGES ARE RECEIVED IN 3 MINUTES OR LESS Upon completion of this project, all of FSU’s goals and objectives were met. Siemens configured a central activation system using a combination of its Sygnal and Vantage products. This system now consolidates and integrates the 10 primary and nine secondary delivery technologies that are part of the FSU ALERT emergency notification system. All 19 systems can be activated for any one of the pre-approved, preprogrammed scenarios from a single point. In the FSU police department’s comwww.campussafetymagazine.com
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munications (dispatch) office, there is a bright yellow box with the FSU ALERT logo on it. When one opens the door, a panel of buttons matches the prescripted scenarios. Simply press the button next to the corresponding situation. That’s it! Instantly, the appropriate emergency notification message is delivered by 19 different means simultaneously. Let’s review the math. Before this project, FSU’s best case scenario for FSU ALERT activation was 10 minutes. Add to that the 15 minute delivery time for SMS text or 60 minutes for E-mail. Twenty-five minutes to over an hour for emergency notification was simply unacceptable. Now, a three-second activation process is followed by message deliveries to all recipients in three minutes or less. It would be hard to make much greater improvement upon that. While this project may not realize any monetary cost savings, it should be clear to all the benefits in terms of time and life safety. If this project prevents even one life from being lost, then it has more than paid for itself.
own easy buttons, their clients will be demanding that they work with Siemens and other integration companies. Have patience. As good as a company like Siemens may get at integration, it will still take a lot of time and coordination to implement at each institution. If it becomes as easy as buying a box off the shelf and plugging it in, that will be amazing. Until then, this is the next best thing. Make sure that
all pertinent stakeholders (IT, police, communications, university relations, vendors, et al) are on board and willing to make the project a priority and a success. DAVE BUJAK is Florida State University’s emergency manager. For additional coverage of this and other healthcare and educational safety and security topics, visit CampusSafetyMagazine.com
R p y p
LESSONS LEARNED: PROPERLY COMMUNICATE WITH VENDORS In retrospect, FSU knew it was going to be a slow process. That just comes with the territory of being a pioneer. Were there opportunities to have made things a little smoother? Certainly. One example is that FSU switched SMS text and mass E-mail providers midway through the project to Blackboard Connect, which is in direct competition with Siemens. (See Other Communications Upgrades Delayed Implementation on page 28.) This caused some initial political tensions, but moreover, required Siemens to abandon some of their early work with the previous providers. The good news is that FSU was able to intercept and redirect Siemens before their development was complete and totally lost. FSU could have done a better job in expressing its expectations to Blackboard Connect during that contract negotiation process. It may not have been clear to them what implications the Siemens project would have on them. Companies like Blackboard Connect need to realize that this situation is not isolated. As more institutions follow in FSU’s footsteps and seek to consolidate, integrate and create their
Every year, healthcare workers face more assaults than those in any other industry. More than police officers, more than prison guards. Radius provides immediate notification when an assault occurs, and directs help where it is needed. Learn more at w
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HOSPITAL SECURITY & PUBLIC SAFETY SPOTLIGHT
A
Photo: © iStockphoto.com
s spring starts, there is no better time than now for you to review the security and life safety technologies your healthcare organization currently has in place, as well as its protocols and policies. Are your public safety officers appropriately managing the at-risk individuals coming through your hospital’s front door? Are you ready to handle a patient surge should an emergency occur in your community? Are your video surveillance and fire alarm systems up to date and ready to respond when needed? If you answered “no” to any of these questions, read on to find out how you can make your hospital more secure.
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addiction
Photo: © iStockphoto.com
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EXPECTING THE UNEXPECTED:
RESPONDING TO UNPREDICTABLE BEHAVIOR By Judith Schubert
P
rofessionals working with people pursuing recovery from addictions are familiar with unpredictable behaviors. Resolve dissipates overnight. Significant relationships are viewed as unimportant, or seemingly insignificant relationships take on heightened importance. Grandiose attitudes emerge, and reckless choices are made. Depression magnifies emotional responses. Irrational thinking impacts critical decisions, and bizarre behavior creates chaos. Staff must be prepared to expect the unexpected and respond rationally when the inconceivable happens. Addiction to alcohol or drugs is a constant inner battle, and the fight often reaches unintended victims. Anger and hostility can be startling or frightening, and a staff response of anxiety or fear can fuel the fire. It is important for staff to understand not only the aspects of addiction that may impact behavior, but also how their own responses can help or hinder de-escalation and resolution. Maintaining professionalism in these moments of chaos is key in building therapeutic rapport. Responding to
Hospital, school and university staff dealing with individuals who are addicted to drugs or alcohol must maintain their professionalism, as well as keep their messages to the agitated person short and non-judgmental.
someone who is irrational requires a different approach than when interacting with someone who is anxious, confused or depressed. Verbal outbursts can be defused in a manner that makes escalation to physical aggression less likely. Although stressproducing for those around, the expression of hostility or anger through verbal venting expends the energy and emotion the individual in crisis has built up. It is ultimately less dangerous for that energy and emotion to be exhausted verbally than through physical acting-out behaviors. Staff who explore the verbal escalation process, are skilled at recognizing behaviors, and understand when and how to intervene with directive responses, can prevent high-risk behaviors. Training and rehearsal reduce the potential that our own fear or anxiety produces unproductive “fight or flight” reactions by patients and other individuals with addictions in these moments of stress.
REMAIN CALM AND DON’T BRING UP THE PAST When intervening verbally with someone who is under the influence, it is important to keep your messages short and simple so the individual is better able to understand that your immediate goal is to help maintain safety. This is not the time to judge, counsel or discuss treatment planning or poor decision making. An irrational person is not processing these types of messages. Maintain a calm and patient tone to avoid becoming a behavioral trigger yourself. Avoid sounding judgmental, and don’t bring up the past. Ensure that you are sending the message that you are concerned about the person’s safety and well-being. Give a directive that clearly states what you want the individual to do next. For example: if your goal is for the escalating individual to return to a group meeting while he or she is verbally venting and expressing hostility APRIL/MAY 2012 CAMPUS SAFETY
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or even threats, your directive might be, “Take a deep breath and have a seat on the couch.” Any act of compliance can begin to re-introduce rational thinking. As breathing returns to normal and tension is reduced, another simple directive such as, “Try to stay quiet and just breathe slowly for a minute” offers a prelude to choice making. Effective limit-setting is an art that prompts good choices in the wake of bad ones. An effective limit could be, “You can go back to the group now to avoid an absence and status reduction and we can talk about this later. Or, you can stay here and we will discuss the status reduction in our meeting with your therapist this afternoon. It’s your choice — I’ll get you a cup of water and give you a minute to decide.”
DEBRIEF TO CLOSE THE LOOP AND PREVENT FUTURE INCIDENTS When the incident is over, a purposeful debriefing is key to reestablishing therapeutic rapport and preventing future incidents. Perhaps most important, meaningful debriefing helps develop trust and identifies aspects of care the individual needs to foster resilience on his or her road to recovery. While it is best to debrief soon after the incident, it isn’t necessary for it to take place immediately. It is also important that both the individual and staff are back in control emotionally and physically before debriefing. Obviously, if the individual was under the influence of drugs or alcohol during the incident, or is detoxing, it is necessary to allow time before discussing the incident. Debriefing is a powerful tool that allows staff to look for avenues to prevent future unpredictable behaviors. Confusion, embarrassment or remorse experienced by the person who acted out are natural in the aftermath of a crisis incident and debriefing offers the opportunity to resolve those feelings. Clarity about consequences for behavior is also an outcome of debriefing. Debriefi ng helps staff to empower the person in recovery by allowing the individual to better understand where the behavior may be coming from and to find better coping 34
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mechanisms in the future. It is also an important time to identify resources for necessary referrals.
HELP THEM REPLACE INAPPROPRIATE BEHAVIORS WITH GOOD ONES During a debriefing process, patterns of behavior are often identified. When considering patterns, it is important to look for triggers to the behavior and explore what function the behavior is serving for the individual. Identify and discuss more productive replacement behaviors that might help the individual fulfill the function of the less productive behavior. Unpredictable actions can be behavioral adaptations related to a previous psychological trauma. Individuals with a trauma history will often turn to alcohol or drugs as a means to self-medicate their emotional pain. When the individual stops using a substance to self-medicate, he or she will often look for other behavioral adaptations to fill the gap. Trauma can change the way that person sees the world, and often what seems like an unpredictable behavior starts to make sense when we look past the behavior itself and look more at what function the behavior is serving. Nearly all behavior has some meaning, and it is up to us to make sense of it. When we know more about the function of the inappropriate behavior, we can begin to look for more suitable coping strategies. It is easy and not uncommon for loved ones or professionals to assume negative behaviors exhibited by an individual in recovery are indicative of relapse. While it certainly is a possibility, there are many other considerations. Be sure to rule out any potential medical conditions, comorbidities or drug interactions. Remember, behavior is communication, and unpredictable behavior has a root that may help us to predict its path, intervene earlier and prevent crisis in the future. Photos: © iStockphoto.com
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JUDITH SCHUBERT is president of CPI. For further information, visit crisisprevention.com For additional coverage of this and other healthcare and educational safety and security topics, visit CampusSafetyMagazine.com
6 Intervention Strategies
Here are some strategies that can be used when intervening with an intoxicated person who exhibits anger, hostility or other unpredictable behavior. These strategies should be explored and practiced through training: 1) Separate the escalating person from others. Removing the audience eliminates the need to prove or save face. An audience can also instigate and stir up other emotions. 2) Don’t assume that you are safe because you know the person. Irrational thought processes give way to unpredictable behavior. 3) When intervening with an unpredictable client, make sure you leave any potential escape routes open. This is where balancing responsibilities of care with responsibilities for personal safety is paramount. 4) Use a team approach. Having a team available to intervene increases safety and helps us maintain our professionalism. 5) Avoid physical intervention if possible. Physical restraint presents risks to both the client and staff. Continue verbal interventions and create safe distances to minimize risks. Physical intervention should be viewed as an emergency response and last resort to be used only if the risk of allowing the individual’s behavior to continue outweighs the potential risk of restraint. 6) Follow organizational procedures to contact law enforcement or security when a person becomes dangerous to self or others.
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IMPROVING PATIENT SAFETY WHILE CUTTING COSTS
The Nebraska Medical Center has adopted video management software to streamline its operations and improve the care of at-risk patients. By Courtney Dillon Pederson
W
ith nearly 5,000 employees and 1,000 physicians, the Nebraska Medical Center is the largest healthcare facility in Nebraska. The hospital hosts 624 beds and numerous departments that cover pediatrics to oncology to bio-containment. The staff is responsible for patients of all types, including some at-risk persons who need around-the-clock monitoring. Until recently, when a patient required 24/7 observation, the hospital placed a staff member in the room. This was standard practice for patients who, for example, were on suicide watch, prone to violent outbursts or in a critical state of health. It is typical for the medical center to have two or 36
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three dozen patients being watched in a one-on-one scenario on a given day. This put a strain on staffing costs. The Nebraska Medical Center was looking for an opportunity to improve safety for patients while also reducing its overhead costs. In the spring of 2011, Maureen Goltl, an operations manager at the Nebraska Medical Center, was asked to investigate video monitoring as an option. “We have always had a population of patients who are confused and agitated; patients who we are not comfortable leaving alone in their rooms,” Goltl says. “Installing video monitoring cameras at almost every bedside was the best option and helped a great deal.” Goltl organized a large planning team and by the fall — a mere eight
The Nebraska Medical Center’s new video surveillance solution allows hospital staff to remotely monitor individuals who are on suicide watch, prone to violent outbursts or in critical states of health. Previously, hospital personnel were required to be physically present in the room to watch the at-risk patients.
months later — the system was deployed and operational.
CAMERAS MUST VIEW PATIENTS AT NIGHT With the planning team weighing their options of possible vendors on this project, they decided to work with Sentrixx Security Solutions, a vendor with which the facility already had a longstanding relationship. Over the years, Sentrixx, a division of Control Services Inc., has provided building automation solutions, intercoms, Hugs www.campussafetymagazine.com
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Infant Protection and other electronic security devices to the hospital. In 2009, Sentrixx installed 13 highresolution Axis IP cameras in the Adult Intensive Care Unit at the Nebraska Medical Center. These cameras were controlled from a monitoring station running Milestone XProtect Enterprise video management software. They used this as a foundation for the new solution they wanted to deploy. “We had a set of business requirements,” says Goltl. “We wanted fixed cameras. We did not want them to record. And we needed to be able to see a patient at night, in the dark.” Sentrixx provided a turnkey solution, handling all of the installation: Dell servers, the cameras and the monitoring stations running XProtect. “We ran every inch of wire,” says Phil Fenton, manager at Sentrixx Security. “They were able to trim a significant amount of overhead dollars. We wanted to make sure their installation deadline was met and that it provided a tested and working system.”
Nearly 300 IQinVision megapixel indoor day/ night vandal IP domes and infrared units, and monitoring stations running Milestone XProtect Enterprise IP video surveillance software are deployed at the Nebraska Medical Center.
The Nebraska Medical Center now has seven units that are regularly staffed for manning the monitoring stations: two medicine telemetry units, two surgical units, the solid organs and transplant unit, the neurology unit and the cardiology unit. There are a dozen monitoring stations, some of which are used on a daily basis, while others are only used when there is a need. On average they are monitoring about five to six patients per active monitoring station for a total of 20 to 30 at any given moment. This number fluctuates, and hosEACH HOSPITAL UNIT TRAINING ONLY TAKES pital staff can use XProtect to quickly OPERATES SEPARATELY activate and deactivate cameras as Sentrixx installed 299 IQinVision Mega- A FEW MINUTES pixel indoor day/night vandal IP domed Sentrixx trained a core group of staff needed. Staff don’t need to look at all the cameras. These provide full real-time members at the Nebraska Medical video at 30fps with a 720p resolution. Center, including Goltl. They quickly cameras all the time. They only needs These are unobtrusive, vandal-resistant learned how to use the software and to see a camera feed if there is a condome-style cameras that blend into the perform troubleshooting. Those staff cern about that patient’s safety. “That hospital’s aesthetic. Along with each members, in turn, have trained more was an important factor” says Fenton. “With XProtect, we could take a server camera, Sentrixx installed an infrared staff. “It’s pretty easy software to figure for a floor and put 20 cameras on it. A unit, which was placed separately because current IP cameras with built-in out, so we haven’t had any problems,” staff member at the monitoring station infrared capabilities did not offer the says Goltl. “As we have new people can just pull up the list of cameras and high-resolution capabilities required for coming and going, they really just drag over the cameras they want to see this deployment. Sentrixx also installed need to sit down for a few minutes to during their shift. In the middle of the night, they can very easily add a cam10 servers and 12 monitoring stations, get training.” era to the monitoring station many of which consisted of when they need to, which is Dell all-in-one systems. important in a hospital setTo house these stations, ting where patients move Sentrixx brought on Kiewit around at all hours.” Construction to build cabiDiscussing the broad set nets that matched the existof advanced system capabiliing environment. Joe Tuties, Fenton describes what recek of Kiewit Construction makes the solution right for also acted as a project manthe Nebraska Medical Center: ager on the overall project. the comprehensive software The integrator created a is easy to learn and operate. closed network that allowed “The software can use each hospital unit to opersmart technology to mask ate separately. Each unit has out an area and send a siga maximum of 42 cameras. nal if the person moved beSince each unit operates sepis the Nebraska Medical Center’s bio containment unit. yond that area,” he says. “But arately, there is no need for This To view more photos of the Nebraska Medical Center, with the amount of activity all the cameras to be avail- visit www.CampusSafetyMagazine.com/NebraskaMedCtr 38
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able on a single server. Because of this, Fenton determined the Nebraska Medical Center only required XProtect Enterprise for this deployment, which the facility was already using in other areas. Had there been a need for all 299 cameras to be available to a single server, they would have chosen to deploy XProtect Corporate. “They already had the XProtect Enterprise license and it was affordable to load it up on 10 servers,” Fenton says. The solutions was also chosen because it is easy to use and reliable.
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in a hospital room, they really needed something that would be as simple to manage as possible.”
COST WILL BE RECOUPED IN 7-8 MONTHS The Nebraska Medical Center can already cite a number of benefits even after such a short period of use. It is too early for them to put a number on how much this has helped in regards to staffing and reducing the facility’s overall spending, but Goltl says they have already seen significant savings. “I know we have already saved our-
selves thousands of dollars, and we anticipate recouping the cost of the cameras within seven or eight months,” she says. Then there are the people being protected — patients and sometimes staff members. “We recently had a patient who was somewhat aggressive and agitated,” recalls Goltl. “We placed a person in the room with this patient, but we also
decided to keep them on the monitor so the person watching the monitor could tell when the person sitting with that patient needed help. We wanted to make sure they were both safe.” COURTNEY DILLON PEDERSON is the PR and communications manager for Milestone. For additional coverage of this and other healthcare and educational safety and security topics, visit CampusSafetyMagazine.com
Campus at a Glance Campus: Formed in 1997 by combining the operations of University Hospital, Bishop Clarkson Memorial Hospital and their ambulatory care facilities, the Nebraska Medical Center is Nebraska’s largest health-care facility. It employs more than 4,900 employees and has over 1,000 physicians in all major specialties and sub-specialties on staff. More than 350 medical and surgical residents assist in the training and education of 1,000 students on campus in a given year. The Nebraska Medical Center serves patients regionally, including Nebraska, Iowa, South Dakota and Missouri with comprehensive oncology, neurology and cardiology programs. It has 624 licensed beds. Solution: The Nebraska Medical Center partnered with authorized Milestone partner Sentrixx Security Solutions to deploy 299 IQinVision megapixel indoor day/night vandal IP domes and infrared units, and monitoring stations running Milestone XProtect Enterprise IP video surveillance software. Results: The hospital has reduced its overhead by eliminating the majority of its one-on-one bedside observation staff. There are a dozen monitoring stations located throughout the medical center and each station allows one or two technicians to observe multiple patients simultaneously. In just the first two months of being operational, the video system has streamlined the process for monitoring patients and saved the facility thousands of dollars. www.campussafetymagazine.com/freeinfo/14119 APRIL/MAY 2012 CAMPUS SAFETY
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free resource review
HELP
PATIENT
FOR HANDLING
SURGES
On the Safe Side Toolkit is a free hospital security planning resource designed to help healthcare organizations manage security and public health emergencies.
HOSPITAL
By Bryan Warren
H
ospitals hold a unique place in the planning for public health emergencies. Not only do they have to continue to function during such critical situations, but patient surges (in which a large number of patients arrive at a facility in a relatively short period of time) could occur. If proper planning and consideration are not given to security and traffic control issues, such events can drastically impact a healthcare facility, creating chaos and disrupting the hospital’s ability to provide much needed medical care for the community. With these potential problems in mind, the On the Safe Side Toolkit has been developed to assist hospitals, public health agencies and local law enforcement in planning for and responding to public health emergencies that might occur in their communities. This toolkit was developed by the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control Region 7’s Advanced Practice Center program and its regional, state and national partners in 2009/2010. It has recently been updated for 2012.
TOOKIT IS EASY TO USE, FREE The toolkit is free and designed to give preparedness planners easy access to many of the materials they will need to appropriately respond to such emergency events. It will help them develop effective hospital security and traffic management plans for medical patient surges and other emergency situations; create a point of dispensing site security and traffic management plan for mass prophylaxis and medication distribution; prepare for and host a hospital and law enforcement multidisciplinary training workshop; and assist healthcare facilities in hosting a hospital and law enforcement security-based tabletop exercise to 40
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better prepare for such events. The toolkit has been designed to be straightforward, easy to use and intuitive, since all of the documents and templates provided on the DVD (or downloadable zip file version) are available in Microsoft Word 97-2003 or Microsoft Power Point 2000 formats. Most of the documents in it can be quickly edited or customized to suit an agency’s or hospital’s specific requirements by simply saving them to a PC, and then using the appropriate Microsoft Office software to make the required changes. If a user has a basic working knowledge and minimal experience with Microsoft Office applications, then he or she will be right at home in using these documents. The templates and tools are logically identified in four separate sections of the toolkit and can quickly be accessed when needed without any time being wasted on unnecessary searching or exploration. This makes it particularly valuable for just-in-time-type situations. Whether using this toolkit to enhance existing emergency plans and processes or to build a new plan from scratch, the On the Safe Side Toolkit is incredibly useful for both novice hospital security planners and seasoned emergency management personnel. www.campussafetymagazine.com
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KNOW BEFORE YOU GO
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Before you send your tactical team through the door, throw in the stealthy Recon Scout速 XT. It can crawl over clothing and other debris and transmit clear, crisp video that can reveal the location of subjects and the layout of rooms. The XT weighs just 1.2 lbs, and is exceptionally quiet. Its infrared optical system also allows you to see in complete darkness. Learn more about its life-saving capabilities and arrange a demo at www.recon-scout.com/XT
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free resource review
BE PREPARED FOR THE WALKING WORRIED As a rule, no one comes to a hospital because they want to. In a disaster situation, be it a pandemic, a chemical or radiation contamination event or a natural or manmade catastrophe, a large number of people will be descending upon local healthcare facilities. It could be due to their own injuries or to obtain treatment for family members or friends. Perhaps they want to get checked out just in case. This is a situation sometimes referred to as the “walking worried,” such as when the Sarin gas release event occurred in Tokyo in 1995. Thousands of unaffected people flooded local hospitals out of panic and quickly overwhelmed their capacity to provide medical treatment.
•Security Points for Patient Care •Parking •POD Flow •Summary of Security Needs •Appendices — Site Diagrams The Hospital Surge Security Template includes both infrastructure and patient surge assessment forms. It also includes useful diagrams that allow a user to copy and paste digital photos, screen captures, blue prints or any type of image file onto one of a number of predesigned Microsoft Word templates. These are equipped with built-in icons depicting various clinical and security personnel, vehicles, traffic barriers, and structures. The icons can be dragged and dropped onto the pasted image and then saved or printed to create a quick visual illustration of a traffic management plan for a facility. With a little practice, this can be done within minutes, offering a true just-in-time capability to traffic and security management for a patient surge event. For a sample of this template, visit www. CampusSafetyMagazine.com/DeconSecurityPoints. The Law Enforcement and Healthcare Workshop and Security-Based Tabletop Exercise Templates are likewise very easy to use and offer a wide variety of time saving forms that are useful when setting up training exercises. The forms include a detailed planning guide, customizable save-thedate, registration and participant and program evaluation forms plus exercise scenarios and in-depth facilitator and participant guides.
If a user has a basic working knowledge and minimal experience with Microsoft Office applications, then he or she will be right at home in using these documents.
In such a surge, there is normally no intention to disrupt medical care or treatment for others or to harm the hospital. Then again, no single raindrop feels responsible for a flood. A patient surge resulting from a public health event is something that every hospital should be prepared for. They must have processes and plans in place to mitigate the security and traffic related problems that accompany such events. This is exactly what the On the Safe Side Toolkit is designed to do. Regardless of a hospital’s size, complexity or location, this toolkit can help hospitals quickly coordinate emergency management and security planning efforts with local law enforcement and other first responders for a variety of situations.
RESOURCE PROVIDES SEVERAL TEMPLATES The On the Safe Side Toolkit contains several useful templates including a Point of Dispensing (POD) Site Security and Traffic Management Template, a Hospital Surge Security Template, a Law Enforcement and Healthcare Workshop Template and a Security-Based Tabletop Exercise Template plus various resources and support materials. The POD (a location established to deliver appropriate pharmaceuticals or prophylaxis/vaccinations to the public) template includes sections to assist with POD site selection, site suitability assessment, security measures, traffic management assessment and a POD field operations guide. Components also include: •Facility and Contact Information •Facility Assessment — Exterior •Facility Assessment — Interior •General Facility Safety •Product Security and Storage •Facility Ingress and Egress 42
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TOOLKIT CAN BE DOWNLOADED The On the Safe Side Toolkit provides enhanced security planning capabilities for public health emergencies and surge events for hospitals and healthcare security professionals. It is designed to be used to engage law enforcement in planning for and responding to public health emergencies, to enhance security planning for points of pharmaceutical dispensing and to augment security planning for hospitals and alternate care sites during patient surge events. Despite the many features that this toolkit encompasses, the best feature is that it is free. Through a partnership with the International Association for Healthcare Security and Safety (IAHSS), the On the Safe Side Toolkit will soon be available for free download from the IAHSS Web site at www.iahss.org. By working together towards a common goal of leading excellence in healthcare security, safety and emergency management, the creators of the On the Safe Side Toolkit and IAHSS are continuing to evolve the healthcare security industry body of knowledge through innovation and education in order to better protect the healthcare environment. BRYAN WARREN is the current president of the International Association for Healthcare Security and Safety (IAHSS) and senior manager for Carolinas HealthCare System corporate security. He can be reached at bryan.warren@ carolinashealthcare.org. For additional coverage of this and other healthcare and educational safety and security topics, visit
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feature
case study
Photos courtesy NOTIFIER
High-Rise Fire Safety for High-Risk Patients By Matt Wickenheiser
The new maternity and neonatal intensive care facility at the Texas Children’s Hospital boasts a bevy of fire protection equipment, from alarms to smoke detectors to control panels to speaker/strobes and more.
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exas Children’s Hospital recently added a new high-rise facility, the Pavilion for Women, to its fivebuilding campus in the heart of the Texas Medical Center in Houston. The state-of-the-art towers, designed to care for the highest risk mothers and babies, offer a wide range of family-centered maternity care with all of the latest technologies and access to world-renowned experts. The new pavilion is essentially two towers connected at the base: one that is 15 floors and the other that is six floors. The building is an entire city block wide and two football fields long. It is packed with cutting-edge NOTIFIER fire alarm technologies, including two NFS-3030 fire alarm control panels, 538 smoke detectors, 248 duct-mounted detectors, 1,427 speaker/strobes and 111 fire fighter telephone jacks. “For us, it all goes back to patient safety,” says Lonnie Rinehart, the hospital’s plant operations manager. “On the eighth floor, we have babies in neonatal intensive care that literally fit in the palm of your hand. They can’t go anywhere during a fire alarm — it’s all a part of what we do to protect them.” Local life safety systems specialist FireTron Inc. engineered and installed the pavilion’s fire alarm system and will perform the ongoing service, testing and maintenance of the systems protecting the hospital’s patient care facilities and other buildings. 44
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DETECTORS SCAN FOR SIGNS OF DANGER Early detection of smoke and fire, and the virtual elimination of false alarms were requirements for the new pavilion. Nearly all rooms were fitted with self-regulating detectors that examine a combination of environmental factors. Acclimate Plus detectors, produced by System Sensor, scan for the visual signatures of smoke and fire, as well as unusual spikes in room temperatures. Given the ever-changing needs of patients and the equipment utilized within this facility’s rooms, each detector’s ability to automatically adjust its own sensitivity settings based on slow, minor changes within its surrounding environment has all but eliminated intrusive false alarms. “By going to this newer system, we’ll use more durable [detector] heads that don’t activate with the same thing,” says Rinehart. “We keep fire protection around our patients at all times, we don’t alert the fire department with nuisance calls, and business operations continue without needless interruptions.” Some rooms where aerosolizing treatments were used for respiratory treatments have had issues with older detectors because the aerosol would set them off, says Rinehart. Given this history with the facility’s older systems, FireTron equipped all respiratory treatment areas with IntelliQuad detectors, which are designed by System Sensor to detect and examine four major signatures of fire: smoke, heat, infrared and carbon monoxide. Six levels of sensitivity enable these specialized detectors to be programmed www.campussafetymagazine.com
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feature
case study
to provide accurate detection, tailored to a have smoke removal systems in all hospital particular environment within facilities like operating rooms. hospitals, where early detection is essential. “We had to integrate between the HonFireTron’s Vice President of Sales and eywell building management system (BMS) Marketing Bob Kaczmarek says there were and our system to accomplish that,” he says. a few overarching goals inherent in the pa“We basically tell the BMS when to open vilion installation. and close fire and smoke dampers, when “The main goal is to reduce false alarms to start exhaust fans — so if there is a fire and the other is to increase speed of rein the operating room, it deals with the sponse,” he explains. “It’s not easy to get smoke. The equipment itself, due to the trepatients out of a high-rise hospital quickly. mendous flexibility in the system software You don’t want that to happen in a hospital and programming, really makes it easier to unless it’s the real deal — unless you know handle these complex applications.” for certain that there’s a fire. And then they The new technology allows for ease of always want to know where the fire is, maintenance as well. For example, it inwhere the alarm is coming from — not just forms operators of a smoke detector in need which tower, but they want to know the of cleaning or some other attention. Using The Pavilion for Women at the room it’s in, the actual physical location.” the keyboard at any of the fire alarm conAn addressable fire alarm system pro- Texas Children’s Hospital in Houstrol panels, operators can also temporarily ton will provide gynecology, obstetvides the ability for staff to pinpoint loca- rics, labor and delivery, fertility, bypass detectors or other devices when behavioral health and newborn tion of a fire. performing maintenance on the system. “If you’ve got 10,000 feet of corridor, care services. FireTron has barcoded all device heads, you’re immediately able to narrow down the exact location strobes, panels and other interfaces, says Rinehart. Every test, of the fire,” says Rinehart. every replacement and every alert on each and every device When a smoke detector goes into alarm, it’s easy to spot, can be compiled into a report, allowing for greater detailtoo. Rinehart explains that detectors have two red LED ing of maintenance and tracking of efficiency. That, he says, lights that “glow nice and bright” when they’re in alarm. provides excellent reports to give to authorities having jurisThe goal is to respond to a situation and arrive at the diction. location quickly. If a detector in a patient’s room alerts, the “Fire marshals love to see that kind of detailed data,” he nurse station is alerted, so the nurses can get right on scene. claims.
SYSTEM ALLOWS FOR INTEGRATION, EASY UPKEEP
CENTRAL COMMAND MONITORS SOLUTION
There is a degree of integration that’s been built into the system at the Pavilion for Women beyond that involving the nurses’ call stations described earlier. “Our system is interfaced with all the security doors in the building — if there is a fire condition in the building, or on a floor, the system unlocks doors on the fire floor, and floors above and below,” says Kaczmarek. And in Texas, he explains, there are safety requirements to
The fire alarm systems protecting the five buildings that comprise Texas Children’s Hospital, plus its new pavilion, are monitored within its own central command center. Rinehart says the recent construction affords the opportunity to move and upgrade the Service Response Center (SRC) to a more ideal location within the pavilion. Fire, security and medical gas monitoring are just a few of the multiple building systems closely supervised by the hospital’s SRC. “Anything that happens in the hospital will go through that hub,” explains Rinehart. “Kind of picture a NASA control room, if you would …” The new SRC will also include the latest NOTIFIER ONYXWorks graphic workstation, providing detailed graphical layouts of each building and all major fire alarm components. Notifications of all devices in-alarm are immediately displayed on facility maps, along with information on the cause of the alarm, enabling a fast assessment and response.
Paging ‘Doctor Pyro’ The hospital has a standard operating procedure for fire alarms — a “Dr. Pyro” team addresses the issue, says Lonnie Rinehart, Texas Children’s Hospital’s plant operations manager. The public isn’t alerted and the system sends out automatic preset E-mails, texts and pages with critical information in the case of an emergency. Predetermined teams of security, engineering and a nursing administrator respond to the alarm. Security and engineering handle the event until firefighters arrive, and the nursing administrator commandeers anyone needed to handle patient safety. “It’s difficult to move a two-pound neonatal patient,” says Rinehart. “We evacuate horizontally, across a patient floor, moving everyone from one end of the floor to the other and then we defend in-place.” The system also boasts a voice evacuation system that can be targeted to certain areas with recorded emergency messages. In addition, there’s the flexibility to give manual voice instructions via a microphone, says FireTron’s Vice President of Sales and Marketing Bob Kaczmarek. 46
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LEGACY EQUIPMENT WORKS WITH NEW SYSTEM One significant advantage of the new fire alarm system is backward-compatibility, affirms Rinehart. “Old technology plays well with new technology as it’s added, and that’s important,” he says. “Every component of the new system is NOTIFIER — what the hospital wanted is consistency with the systems in its other buildings,” says Kaczmarek. Fire alarm control panels installed by the local NOTIFIER dealer more than 20 years ago in the hospital’s five other buildings have held up well. Given the technology’s innate www.campussafetymagazine.com
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Campus at a Glance backward compatibility, those will be phased over to the latest NFS-3030 panels throughout the next year. “That’s huge. If we can keep the majority of the system in place and only have to replace the panels, for instance, that’s cost savings to us, but it’s also less intrusive for our patients, staff and visitors,” says Rinehart. “It keeps the continuity of the business together.”
ADVICE: BE READY FOR CHANGE Both Kaczmarek and Rinehart have advice for other large healthcare campuses undertaking massive expansions. “The most important thing is flexibility within your campus,” says Kaczmarek. “What I try to tell customers is put in a system that is networkable to other locations — because things change.” For example, moving the Texas Children’s Hospital SRC from one building to the new pavilion will be quite an undertaking, but it will not involve moving a thousand miles of wire. All Kaczmarek says he’ll need is one piece of fiberoptic cable to connect the new center with the hospital’s technology network. “It provides an organization with the flexibility to do the different things it wants to do when buildings are added instead of spending hundreds of thousands of dollars,” says Kaczmarek. FireTron is working with Texas Children’s Hospital on a five-year plan to incorporate technology upgrades, maintenance and other investments.
Scheduled to start delivering babies this spring, the Texas Children’s Pavillion for Women is comprised of stateof-the-art towers that are designed to care for the highest risk mothers and infants. The new facility is located in Houston and has two towers: one that is 15 floors and the other that is six floors high. The building is an entire city block wide and two football fields long, and is part of the Texas Medical Center’s five-building campus. All of its fire alarm technologies are from NOTIFIER, including two NFS-3030 fire alarm control panels, 538 smoke detectors, 248 duct-mounted detectors, 1,427 speaker/strobes and 111 fire fighter telephone jacks.
“The backward compatibility is where it really saves the customer money,” says Kaczmarek. “They may only have ‘X’ number of capital dollars to spend in 2012, so we can provide them with incremental upgrades so they don’t have to spend more.” Rinehart says the key is partnering with a strong, experienced system provider, like FireTron. “FireTron is good at keeping us abreast of changing technologies,” he says. “They don’t wait for us to ask for it — they bring it to us, keeping us right at the forefront.” MATT WICKENHEISER is a business journalist living in Portland, Maine. He has reported internationally on trade and disaster response. He can be reached at Wick@Maine.rr.com. For additional coverage of this and other healthcare and educational safety and security topics, visit
CampusSafetyMagazine.com
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feature
student discipline
D
isciplining students is never an easy thing to do. When you hear of a student being disciplined in school or on the bus, what picture comes to your mind? The Encarta Dictionary defines discipline as punishment, “designed to teach somebody obedience” or training, “the practice or methods of teaching ... acceptable patterns of behavior.” Bus drivers often struggle to create and carry out a plan of discipline that works consistently. Writing bus rider discipline referrals for students who break the rules on the bus seems to be one of the more common forms of discipline that drivers utilize. What if there were a way to train the students to behave, gaining control and the respect of the students on a bus, without punishing them by “writing them up”?
POSITIVE INCENTIVES WORK BEST In the book Responding to Problem Behavior in Schools: The Behavior Education Program, authors Deanne Crone, Leanne Hawken and Robert Horner write, “Students today present with diverse needs and present educators with a unique set of challenges (e.g., English as second language, difficulties associated with low socioeconomic status, significant learning and behavioral needs). To be effective in supporting all students, schools need to implement a continuum of positive behavior support.” A program has been implemented across the United States called Positive Behavior Intervention and Support (PBIS). Julius West Middle School in Rockville, Md., implemented a PBIS program three years ago, and through the program, the school has been able to provide students with positive incentives to meet and exceed behavioral expectations in the classroom, cafeteria and hallways. In an article titled “Positive Behavior Support” in the Teaching Exceptional Children journal, Kelly L. Morrissey, Hank Bohanon and Pamela Penning say, “Teaching and acknowledging appropriate behaviors on a preventionoriented basis, rather than reacting through suspension once a problem occurs, may be the first step in turning the tide toward safer schools designed for keeping students in school and ex48
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ESTABLISHING POSITIVE The Positive Behavior Intervention and Support program provides students with incentives to meet and exceed behavioral expectations. Officials who work for a Maryland middle school say they have seen a change among students since implementing the program and that it is a useful tool for the bus environment. By Keith Lowery periencing success.” The PBIS program is flexible in that it can be designed for high-risk individuals, at-risk small groups and the general student populations at schools.
INCLUDE BUS DRIVERS IN THE PROGRAM The Montgomery County Public Schools bus operators who drive for Julius West Middle School faced struggles with their students’ behavior similar to those of most bus drivers across the country. Some students chose to stand in their seats, hang their hands or heads out the window, jump from seat to seat, talk disrespectfully to each other and the driver or eat food on the bus. Previously, the only tool available to the drivers was to have the secu-
rity team or administrators come on the bus to talk to the students, or write discipline/referral forms for the offending students. Although these measures resulted in some success, it was often temporary. This pattern, as well as a general frustration with poor behavior on the buses, led to a cooperative venture between transportation and the school. The transportation supervisors and administrative staff at Julius West Middle School discussed ways that the drivers could be a part of the PBIS program run in the school. The drivers were trained by the Julius West administrative staff in September on the specifics of the program that apply to them. “We were very pleased that our drivers wanted to work with us to support
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“Students exiting the bus say to other students, ‘The driver gave me JW Dough because I didn’t act bad on the bus. You should try to get some too,’” says Frank Soohoo, assistant principal at Julius West. The drivers are encouraged to give JW Dough to students who behave every day, as well as students who have a difficult time behaving on the bus. Specific examples of when the JW Dough could be given include a student bringing an item forward to the driver that he or she found in the back of the bus, moving over to make room for another student or sitting down for the entire ride home (when the student has had previous issues in this area).
Photo: © iStockphoto.com
BUS DRIVERS LIKE PBIS/ROAR When asked about how the PBIS/ ROAR program has benefitted him in his job, Harout Aghkekian, a bus operator for Julius West, had a lot to say. “I have personally found it to be a very useful, powerful and positive tool, if used properly,” he says. “There are
E BEHAVIOR ON THE BUS our PBIS/ROAR [Respect, Organization, Achievement, Responsibility] program,” Julius West Principal Nanette W. Poirier says. “Using this program across all school settings, including transportation, sends the message to students that behavioral expectations are universal. Our collaboration also conveys the message that the adults who work with them are consistent and work together.” By including the bus drivers in the PBIS program, the school administration’s team has received fewer referrals and parent complaints.
REWARD POSITIVE BEHAVIOR The mascot of Julius West Middle School is a jaguar, and the school created the ROAR acronym to help the students remember the behavioral expectations in the school. The school provided the bus drivers with the ROAR message specifically designed for transportation to be posted on the bus. Included in their packet was “JW Dough” (wallet-size slips of paper), to be given to student passengers whom the drivers catch being good.
certain guidelines in which children are already expected to abide by while on the school grounds, however, just like their adult counterparts, children also enjoy recognition, acknowledgement and incentive for a job well done. An award has universally been proven to be the perfect gesture to showcase appreciation of many sorts.” Aghkekian went on to say that even though he has only worked for the school for a short time, he sees this method of discipline as the best method because it provides a positive tool to assist in keeping 50-plus kids from misbehaving, and seeking ways to earn JW Dough.
CAMPUS CULTURE IS CHANGING Soohoo shares one of his favorite stories regarding the school’s PBIS/ROAR program, which for him represents a change in culture for students at Julius West Middle School. “Early September three years ago, before we started PBIS/ROAR, students laughed at other students who were asked to help do something by staff. After students who helped staff started to
receive JW Dough, they were able to use them to purchase things at the ROAR store [the school store],” he says, adding that later, during lunch times, the school began to give away movie tickets and tickets to local sporting events. To enter the drawing, students would place as much JW Dough in a box as they wanted, depending on how badly they wanted the prize. Tickets to the school dances were also sold with cash or with JW Dough. “Through all these incentives, things began to change,” Soohoo says. “Later that same school year, when I asked a group of students to help me clean up, three refused and one agreed to help. When the task was completed, I handed the cooperative student four [slips of] JW Dough for helping me. The other three students moaned and asked to be allowed to clean up at another table.” Soohoo believes this exemplifies the power of the program, in that the student who was mocked can now be a positive example to students who normally would not be willing to comply, thinking it would be “uncool” to help out. “This year, I ask students to help and they do it with no one laughing or mocking them, and without having to give out JW Dough,” he adds. “I do believe we changed the culture. I hope for the same kind of culture change on the bus.” A school bus with well-behaved students is an unfulfilled dream for many bus drivers across the country, so a positive cultural change on a bus would be beneficial to everyone involved. Using researched-based, proven discipline measures on the school bus with a school’s full support should lead to a safe and less stressful bus ride. At Julius West Middle School, the administration and transportation staff are doing just that by working together through the PBIS/ROAR program to provide the safest, most enjoyable ride possible for the drivers and their students. KEITH LOWERY is a supervisor at Montgomery County Public Schools’ transportation department in Rockville, Md. From 1999 to 2008, he worked in the county’s safety and training department. Lowery can be reached at keith_b_lowery@mcpsmd.org with comments or questions about this article. For additional coverage of this and other healthcare and educational safety and security topics, visit CampusSafetyMagazine.com
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AS I SEE IT
Minimizing the Tradeoff Between Security and Convenience Integrated key management and asset control systems offer a non-intrusive way to keep your campus safe.
P
hysical security for campuses typically involves a number of technologies, devices and use of manpower. Because of the nature of Fernando Pires the campus environment, is the vice president of sales and operational systems must marketing for Morse Watchmans. balance security requirements with the need for open access. Technology solutions that fall under this umbrella and are commonly implemented into an overall security strategy might include indoor and outdoor surveillance cameras; card-key type and/or biometric access control systems; ID management solutions; information management control systems; guard tour systems and so on. Complementing these solutions on most large campuses is a key control and asset management system that is integrated with the physical security systems via local or wide area network (LAN or WAN).
LOCKERS HELP CAMPUSES MANAGE WEAPONS, DEVICES AND MORE Key control systems are a custom-tailored solution designed to record the access history of each key, including user, date and time of checkout/return. They also eliminate outdated lock boxes, unreliable manual logs and messy key identification tags. Constructed of rugged stainless steel, the illuminated key storage system is designed to resist abuse and is alarm-protected against tampering. By releasing assigned
movable storage device when not in use. Asset control systems that can hold and control access to fi rearms and other small devices with an audit trail to record when a locker was opened and by whom, are the ideal solution for these situations. Items can be returned to any unused locker for convenience, and systems can be set up as personal storage. The systems also let security management know when something is wrong. An open door, the use of force to gain access, a power failure or even the misuse of the keypad will trigger an alarm and record the event in the log fi le. When integrated with monitoring software, the tracking information provides reliable confi rmation of all access transactions. Items can be returned to any locker but if they are not returned, the software can send an E-mail alert to the system manager. When the system is integrated with an access control system, alerts can also inform management if someone tries to leave the building without returning an item taken from a locker. In addition, with built-in serial port connectivity as part of the asset control system, managers can access, program and monitor the lockers from anywhere via the network. This convenience enables facility managers to access reports, change users, establish permission levels for each user code, monitor data or configure the systems using TCP/IP from virtually any location. It’s a tremendous time saver and adds safety and security measures because individuals can be removed from the system quickly and easily.
MODULES MAKE SYSTEM DESIGN EASY guring a key control and/or asset management system “When integrated with monitoring Confi is as easy as identifying needs and then building the system
software, the tracking information provides reliable confirmation of all access transactions.”
keys only to authorized users, the system helps ensure adherence to industry standards, such as those from the International Association for Healthcare Security & Safety (IAHSS) and Clery Act. The widespread use of key management and control systems as a security management tool in medical and educational facilities has led to the implementation of large locker systems. In a hospital emergency ward, for example, confi scated weapons can be temporarily secured in a controlled locker. This protects the medical staff and hospital patients and visitors from accidental weapons discharge and helps to prevent criminal acts. Other items, such as mobile communication devices, iPads and vehicle keys may also represent potential security breaches if stolen or misplaced. Research facilities — often located in university or medical environments — must utilize additional precautions for securing beta prototypes or research that is stored on a laptop or re50
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with modular components that can be changed as needs change. Multiple lockers and/or key storage cabinets can form a single fully-integrated system to hold hundreds of keys and other valuable items in multiple locations. They can be tailored to suit a variety of access needs with a builtin keypad, biometrics such as fingerprint readers, and a magnetic or proximity card reader. Users can select a cabinet size according to their needs and, if more than one cabinet is required, the arrangement can be side by side or stacked. Choices for modules include mechanical key storage modules, key card-style modules, lockers of various sizes or blank modules to be filled at a later time. Each key control and asset management system is powered by AC electricity and supported by a 48-hour backup power supply. An orderly and secure system for management of valuable assets as well as keys, custom designed for the application, is a cost effective way to help ensure security in any facility or area. For additional coverage of this and other healthcare and educational safety and security topics, visit
CampusSafetyMagazine.com www.campussafetymagazine.com
4/5/12 12:41 PM
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TECH BOOT CAMP
How Door Hardware Helps Hospitals Meet HIPAA Guidelines Being compliant could come down to whether or not a door closes and locks properly.
Matt Conrad
is the director of global innovation and customer experience for Ingersoll Rand’s healthcare practice.
T
he Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) legislates how a patient’s information is managed, viewed, documented and transported in both interoffice and intra-office settings. The law protects both physical and electronic data and documents. Not only does the law require patients’ medical history be protected, it has also forced organizations with access to this information to assess security needs and gaps, prodding them to develop/implement policies, procedures and practices that will ensure they are meeting their obligations. Both physical and logical security must be included in this process. Healthcare organizations are held accountable for the actions (or inactions) of their employees and business partners. This includes: • Designating a privacy official, the person responsible for the HIPAA compliance program • Identifying all information that must be protected • Determining who should have access to documents and data elements • Defining under what circumstances they may view this information • Establishing how the information must be protected from inadvertent viewing or disclosure • Clarifying when and how information may be shared internally and externally • Providing and documenting training to all staff authorized to use this information • Testing and identifying security gaps • Defining how processes will be audited to ensure compliance To accomplish these tasks and assure compliance, employers have implemented extensive training and audit programs and enhanced physical security efforts in many areas. The buzz phrase around healthcare provider offices regarding patient document security is “HIPAA Compliance.” The difference between being HIPAA compliant and being in violation of these laws could come
“The difference between
being HIPAA compliant and being in violation of these laws could come down to something as simple as whether or not a door closes and locks properly.”
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down to something as simple as whether or not a door closes and locks properly. Since HIPAA addresses information security from a comprehensive perspective, every place this information resides or passes through, both physically and electronically, must be protected. Physical records need to be in secured areas. Doors and locks to these areas should be inspected frequently to assure their functionality. Simply having a lock on a door is not sufficient. The lock must perform as intended. Entry management, whether through the use of brass keys (high security patented keyways) or electronic access control systems, should ensure that only authorized personnel have access. Doors should open and close smoothly. Locks must work properly. Hinges should be sturdy and, if on the public side of the door, effectively secured. Ensuring that both doors and locks are fully functional is one of the foundations of compliance. Not only do openings and their locking mechanisms need to be functioning as intended, some doors must also have the ability to be audited, viewed by CCTV or staffed at all times. The organization’s HIPAA compliance officer will determine which areas require enhanced security technology. On a user level, offices need to establish a protocol that covers day-to-day operations. The protocols should be able to identify which employees have access to patient information and to what extent employees are allowed access. Who is allowed to retrieve the information, who is allowed to distribute the information and who is allowed to transmit the information to other agencies and bodies must be defined guidelines. Access protocols need to do more than establish who has access to the information; they must establish how the information is accessed. Using an advanced key-based solution that has a patented keyway system is a sufficient basic solution. Such a system allows administrators to keep track of key holders and significantly reduces problems associated with unauthorized key duplication. A more popular and advanced security option is the adoption of an electronic access control system. Electronic security can come www.campussafetymagazine.com
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Gunnison Health Care Center, a 100-employee healthcare facility in Gunnison, Col., uses both Schlage hardwired and wireless networked access control devices with proximity credentials to limit access and protect security-sensitive areas throughout the facility.
in a variety of credential and network options, from offline PIN code locks on the door to wireless locks and card readers. With an electronic solution, administrators can restrict user access to specific days and times. Unlike a keybased system, an electronic system will log user entry through openings. This audit trail can be used by administra-
tors to help ensure compliance or investigate a breach. Proactively monitoring, testing and updating a facility’s hardware, policies and procedures goes a long way in maintaining HIPAA compliance. Security and compliance is the responsibility of every staff member authorized to access these records. Staff should
be expected to identify hardware failures such as doors that do not close or locks that are not working and initiate repair. It’s important that employees understand HIPAA regulations. Periodic training will make the staff aware of what is proper and allowable. They will be able to spot violations of the regulations, knowing what to look for and how to report violations. Ensuring HIPAA compliance is a complex and continuous process requiring the participation of every staff member. Fully functional doors and locking systems are an important aspect of this effort. For additional coverage of this and other healthcare and educational safety and security topics, visit CampusSafetyMagazine.com
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TOOLS OF THE TRADE
HID Global and Sony Corp. Contactless Smart Card Reader Platform HID Global and Sony Corp. have jointly developed a contactless smart card reader platform that embeds secure access control capabilities and Near Field Communication (NFC) functionality into laptops and other mobile devices. The platform holds a secure element that stores cryptographic keys that secure the authenticity and integrity of user credentials. It supports widely used contactless technologies for applications ranging from physical access control and identity assurance at the desktop to transit-fare, point-of-sale collection and loyalty programs. Need FREEINFO? www.campussafetymagazine.com/FREEInfo/14400
C∙CURE 9000 Integration With ASSA ABLOY Locks Software House, part of Tyco Security Products, has integrated its C∙CURE 9000 security and event management solution with IP-enabled Wi-Fi and Power over Ethernet (PoE) locks from ASSA ABLOY. The ASSA ABLOY integration includes the SARGENT Profile Series v.S1 and v.S2 locks, SARGENT Passport 1000 P1 and P2 locks, along with CORBIN RUSSWIN’s Access 700 PIP1 and PWI1 and Access 800 WI1 IP-enabled locks. These locks simplify installation and reduce installation costs by utilizing existing ethernet and Wi-Fi networks to communicate with the C∙CURE 9000 server. Need FREEINFO? www.campussafetymagazine.com/FREEInfo/14401
Trek Alert Technologies TrekShield Trek Alert Technologies Inc. now offers TrekShield, a standalone, encrypted, point-to-multipoint, instantaneous notification system. TrekShield can replace or work in conjunction with your current E-mail/SMS text systems. It allows for focused authority of who can issue alerts and as a standalone system solves database and system security concerns. The system does not rely on sign-ups or personal information and can deliver 100% participation rates, the company claims. The TrekShield system is fully customizable, and can be augmented with sirens, TV monitors and LED tickers. Need FREEINFO? www.campussafetymagazine.com/FREEInfo/14402
Potter Electric Signal Company PFC-6200 and PFC-6800 Control Panels Potter Electric Signal Company LLC has expanded its fire panel line with two new higher capacity addressable fire alarm control panels. The Potter PFC-6200 is a powerful 127 point panel, expandable up 254 points, whereas the Potter PFC-6800 has increased capabilities as a powerful 127 point panel expandable up to 1,016 points. Both fire alarm control panels utilize the Potter/Nohmi device protocol that has a complete line of initiating and control devices. Need FREEINFO? www.campussafetymagazine.com/FREEInfo/14403
Lauren Innovations Added to GSA Federal Supplier List Lauren Innovations has been added to the U.S. General Services Administration (GSA) federal supplier list as an authorized vendor of their Web-based technology software NaviGate, which provides critical information solutions for government agencies. The new listing on the GSA schedule will allow federal, state and local agencies to more easily contract for NaviGate through the GSA contracting vehicle. GSA schedules are open-ended, five-year contracts listing the prices the government has negotiated to pay for suppliers’ products and services. Need FREEINFO? www.campussafetymagazine.com/FREEInfo/14404
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TOOLS OF THE TRADE
OfficerStore.com Expands Blackhawk Offerings OfficerStore.com has added more Blackhawk apparel for law enforcement professionals to its offerings. Performance pants and Warrior Wear polos, tactical shirts and pants satisfy the modern day requirements for clothing and uniforms worn on a daily basis. Performance cotton pants are constructed of high-performance, durable, wrinkle- and fade-resistant 8.5 oz. cotton canvas. Warrior Wear lightweight tactical apparel is lightweight, water-resistant and breathable. The Warrior Wear performance polo shirt is constructed of 100% polyester fabric with antimicrobial treatment. Need FREEINFO? www.campussafetymagazine.com/FREEInfo/14405
DoorKing Solar Powered Control Boxes DoorKing has expanded its line of vehicular gate operator product offerings with the recent introduction of solar powered control boxes that can be used on the company’s low voltage swing gate operator line. DKS 6002, 6003, 6004 and 6400 swing gate operators can be solar powered by using any of the Solar Control Box options, which also feature an innovative 0.0 Amp SBPD (Pat Pend) circuit which insures that battery power is used only when the gate operator is activated. Need FREEINFO? www.campussafetymagazine.com/FREEInfo/14406
Samsung Techwin America’s SNO-7080R Bullet Camera Samsung Techwin America has introduced an outdoor 3 megapixel network video surveillance camera with an IR range of 30 meters in total darkness. The SNO-7080R, complete with a 2.8X varifocal motorized zoom lens, can capture 16:9 full HD images at 1920 x 1080p with wide dynamic range and features a dual H.264 and MPEG codec. The SNO-7080R uses Samsung’s WiseNet2 DSP chipset, designed to provide maximum benefit for megapixel technology, including Wide Dynamic Range and Smart Compression with region-of-interest encoding. Need FREEINFO? www.campussafetymagazine.com/FREEInfo/14407
Talk-A-Phone Emergency Phone Tower With Camera Arm Talk-A-Phone has designed an emergency phone tower that can accommodate two video surveillance cameras on a T-shaped camera arm. Using two cameras on the same tower opens up unique video surveillance options and widens the operator’s view of the surroundings. Another approach would be to use a 360-degree awareness camera paired together with a PTZ camera. Both cameras installed on the same tower can communicate with Talk-A-Phone’s analog or VoIP emergency phone via phone’s auxiliary contacts. Need FREEINFO? www.campussafetymagazine.com/FREEInfo/14409
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Fike Integrated Voice Messaging System Fike has expanded its Integrated Voice Messaging system. The system is now listed to the new UL2572 Mass Notification Systems standard, making it the ideal foundation for mass notification or emergency communication systems, according to the company. Fike’s system brings together state-of-the-art communications technology to deliver time-sensitive information quickly and efficiently. Also, the system now offers several key product additions, including an optional Local Operating Console or remote microphone. Need FREEINFO? www.campussafetymagazine.com/FREEInfo/14408
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TOOLS OF THE TRADE
Pryme Cables, Radio Connector and Microphones Pryme’s RINO Super Rugged Cables can withstand as much as 200,000 bends, and its HYDRA Radio Connector is now slimmer and less bulky, as well as waterproof. The company’s Trooper II Weatherized Speaker Microphone for industrial use is better sealed to prevent dust and moisture from getting in; and the Storm Trooper, a speaker microphone, is fully submersible, meets all IP 67 standards and has a handy Hi/Low volume switch. Need FREEINFO? www.campussafetymagazine.com/FREEInfo/14410
Kaba Access Control E-Plex Electronic Server Cabinet Kaba Access Control has expanded its E-Plex physical access control solutions to include an electronic server cabinet lock that secures and monitors access to individual server cabinet doors. Safeguarding each cabinet door from unauthorized access is critical for organizations that have confidential data stored on servers co-located in shared facilities. E-Plex Electronic Server Cabinet Locks can be integrated with a building’s access control system for ease of management, so authorized users employ the same credential facility-wide according to their defined access privileges. Need FREEINFO? www.campussafetymagazine.com/FREEInfo/14411
HID Global Fargo DTC1000M Monochrome Printer/Encoder The Fargo DTC1000M monochrome printer/encoder by HID Global of Irvine, Calif., prints a single-color, edge-to-edge image on one side of a standard CR-80 or CR-79 identification card. A resin thermal transfer process ensures clear reproduction of photo images, barcodes and alphanumeric data. Additionally, an eco-friendly erase-and-rewrite printing option is designed for visitor badges and temporary worker IDs. The DTC1000M connects quickly via USB or optional Ethernet port, and the embedded Swift ID application enables users to start printing cards immediately with no software licensing cost, according to the company. Need FREEINFO? www.campussafetymagazine.com/FREEInfo/14412
Toshiba IK-WR14A 2MP Dome Camera The ONVIF-compliant IK-WR14A 2-megapixel network dome camera by Toshiba Surveillance & IP Video of Irvine, Calif., reduces upfront installation time with its incorporation of remote optical zoom, one-touch remote focus, and a cable management system based power over Ethernet (PoE), according to the company. The camera captures 1,080p full HD resolution video at 30 frames per second (fps) and employs a CMOS sensor into its imaging system. Single reflection LED (SRLED) technology provides edge-to-edge lighting for night-vision down to 0 lux. Two-way audio and H.264 space-saving compression round out the camera feature set. Need FREEINFO? www.campussafetymagazine.com/FREEInfo/14413
Inovonics Radius Situational Awareness Solution Inovonics of Louisville, Colo., releases Radius, a mobile duress and situational awareness solution that utilizes the company’s wireless positioning technology. The solution combines advanced location technology with the latest broadcast notification capabilities to pinpoint and communicate the location of mobile duress alarm devices. It communicates information from in-building systems and routes them to alert devices, such as pagers and mobile phones using text messaging, E-mail or voice mail. The product also integrates with fire/life-safety and security systems. Need FREEINFO? www.campussafetymagazine.com/FREEInfo/14414
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TOOLS OF THE TRADE
IQinVision 5-Year Warranty Program
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IQinVision of San Juan Capistrano, Calif., has extended a five-year product warranty to its Alliance dome camera line and to its IQeye 3 Series cameras. The warranty covers all moving parts, sensors, filters, fans, motors, lens assemblies, shrouds and slip rings. The Alliance Series includes the Alliance-pro, a power over Ethernet (PoE) megapixel dome camera that delivers high-resolution H.264 and MJPEG compression; Alliance-mx, which features H.264 compression, a varifocal megapixel lens and vandal-resistant IP66 exterior enclosure; and the Alliance-mini, a compact network camera designed for discreet indoor use. Supporting H.264 Main Profile compression, the IQeye 3 Series is designed for discreet indoor use and is ONVIF and PSIA compliant.
Secura Key of Chatsworth, Calif., has added badge-printing capability to its SK-NET access control software. It is template-based to help users without graphic design skills to begin printing ID badges right away. Features include landscape and portrait templates with text and barcode options on the reverse side. Users can choose from 40 background colors, and select fonts, sizes and colors for up to five user database text fields. Additionally, users can insert photos, logos, and stock or customdesigned card backgrounds. SK-NET integrated badge-printing works with Windows-compatible dye sublimation and reverse transfer card printers.
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Zenitel AS’ STENTOFON Turbine Series Zenitel AS’ STENTOFON Turbine series has an exclusive design and comes with 37 intercom variants offering communication solutions for all environments including building security, industry and infrastructure. The series offers incomparable audio quality providing HD voice with 110 dB audio pressure. Turbine operates on a SIP platform connecting to any iPBX, STENTOFON’s AlphaCom XE Audio Servers and serverless Pulse System. The intercoms are dirt, dust and water resistant and designed for the most demanding environments. Need FREEINFO? www.campussafetymagazine.com/FREEInfo/14417
System Sensor SpectrAlert Advance Dual Strobe and Dual Strobe with Speaker Expander Plates System Sensor has launched its new SpectrAlert Advance Dual Strobe and Dual Strobe with Speaker Expander Plates for emergency communications system and mass notification system applications. These new plates enable installers to combine the functions of two to three devices on a single mounting plate and back box, lowering the overall cost of the installation by requiring fewer devices on the wall. The expander plates include a UL 1638-listed amber lens strobe for Private Mode General Utility Signaling that meets DOD specification requirements. Need FREEINFO? www.campussafetymagazine.com/FREEInfo/14418
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Gamewell-FCI FocalPoint Graphic Workstation Gamewell-FCI by Honeywell’s FocalPoint graphic workstations now include touchscreen monitors, high-speed desktop units and two mobile tablets. Each FocalPoint unit provides bird’s-eye views down to floorby-floor layouts of all monitored facilities and their fire alarm and emergency communications systems’ major components, according to the company. The desktop FocalPoint graphic workstation offers virtual switches, capable of being programmed to perform as many as 512 control functions, such as enable/disable of devices and the distribution of pre-recorded voice announcements to selected facility areas. Need FREEINFO? www.campussafetymagazine.com/FREEInfo/14419
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REPORTING FOR DUTY
You work hard to keep your campus safe and secure.
Here at Campus Safety Magazine, we take our mission to report on school, university and hospital protection issues as seriously as you take your mission to protect our nation’s students, faculty, staff, patients and visitors. Find the latest news and information on security and public safety solutions and trends in Campus Safety Magazine’s newly redesigned print, online and eNewsletter products! In Print: Now published nine times per year, have the magazine sent directly to your office or home. Online: CampusSafetyMagazine.com has a new look and easier navigation that provides you with up-to-the-minute news, trends and technology tips. Features include blogs, video, photo galleries and more. 2 eNewsletters! Campus Safety eNews: This free eNewsletter is delivered to your E-mail inbox each week with the late-breaking current events you need to keep on top of the everchanging campus public safety issues. Hospital Security Update: This brand new eNewsletter focuses on security and public safety issues in the healthcare setting, covering hot topics like Joint Commission accreditation, officer training, infant abduction prevention and more.
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RECESS
WHAT’S RIGHT WITH THIS PICTURE?
THEY SAID IT “It’s time for criminals to stop using the Palestinian cause to justify their terrorist actions.”
Photo courtesy Safe Havens International
ANSWER:
These emergency evacuation kits have been designed to be instantly recognizable to school crisis team members. They are not, however, marked in a way that an aggressor, such as a hostage taker, would automatically recognize them.
$546,000 per university Source: Health Affairs
School-level interventions can cut dating violence among sixthand seventhgrade students by up to
$23,500
50%
180
More than million Americans live within 50 miles of a nuclear power plant with at least one operating reactor. Those areas include New York City, Philadelphia, San Diego and West Palm Beach, Fla. Source: Nuclear Regulatory Commission
The median starting salary for nonsworn campus public safety officers is
Source: Campus Safety 2011 Salary Survey
Source: National Institute of Justice
Source: Official statement of Palestinian Prime Minister Salam Fayyad
As soon as he “wrapped his arms
DID YOU KNOW? The cost of emergencydepartment visits by students who experience alcohol-related blackouts cost as much as
Palestinian Prime Minister Salam Fayyad on the claims made by a 24-year-old man who shot and killed four people at a Jewish school in France in March. Before the school shooting, he shot three French paratroopers of North African and Jamaican descent. The gunman claimed he was trying to take revenge for Palestinian children killed in the Middle East, as well as French military intervention abroad.
around me, I knew that I would be OK.”
Susan Fisk, a grandmother who was eating lunch in the cafeteria at Provena Mercy Medical Center in Aurora, Ill., on Christian Pfister saving her life. Pfister, who is a security supervisor at the hospital, applied the Heimlich maneuver several times in order to dislodge a piece of food from Fisk’s throat. Source: The Beacon News
U.S. girls who are ages 14-17 send a median of
100
texts a day Source: Pew Research Center’s Internet and American Life Project
FOR ADDITIONAL COVERAGE OF HEALTHCARE, EDUCATIONAL SAFETY, AND SECURITY TOPICS, VISIT CampusSafetyMagazine.com CAMPUS SAFETY MAGAZINE (USPS 610) (ISSN 1066-7039) is published BI-Monthly by Bobit Business Media, 3520 Challenger Street, Torrance, California 90503-1640. Periodicals Postage Paid at Torrance, CA 90503-9998 and Additional Mailing Offices. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Campus Safety Magazine, P.O. Box 1068, Skokie, IL 60076-8068. Please allow 8 to 16 weeks for address changes to take effect. Subscription Prices – United States and Canada $60 per year; Foreign $100 per year. Single copy price - $10. Please alow 8 to 16 weeks to receive your first issue. Please address Editorial and Advertising correspondence to the Executive Offices at 3520 Challenger Street, Torrance, California 90503-1640. The contents of this publication may not be reproduced either in whole or in part without consent of Bobit Business Media. All statements made, although based on information believed to be reliable and accurate, cannot be guaranteed and no fault or liability can be accepted for error or omission.
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