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FEATURES 12 NFC: The Next Step in Access Control?
In a pilot program, Arizona State University students and staff used Near Field Communication-enabled mobile phones to enter their residence hall. The technology could eventually provide an alternative to ID cards on campuses. By Robin Hattersley Gray
16 USC Campus Security: Taking It to the Streets
The University of Southern California has drastically reduced violent crimes by introducing video surveillance, security ambassadors and community programs into the neighborhoods surrounding campus. By Brittany-Marie Swanson
20 How to Prevent Workplace Violence
In September, OSHA released new guidance on how to investigate and inspect violent incidents that occur on the job. These tips will help hospitals and other institutions comply and avoid fines. By William Badzmierowski
24 Get Ready for Winter
Use a systematic approach and checklist to determine when to cancel classes and close campus. By Andy Altizer and William Smith
30 Where to Install Cameras on K-12 Campuses
Placing video surveillance solutions in these nine locations will ensure your district’s technology investment has the greatest impact. By Mark Wilson
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(310) 533-2400 fax: (310) 533-2510 www.campussafetymagazine.com EDITORIAL ADVISORY COUNCIL Shad U. Ahmed Chief of Emergency Medical Services, University of Rhode Island S. Daniel Carter Director of Public Policy, Security On Campus Inc. Michael Dorn Safe Havens Int’l Osborne Frazier NYPD Div. of School Safety Linda Glasson Security Manager/Consultant, Obici Hospital William Lassiter Center for Prevention of School Violence Joseph Moscaritolo Madison Park Vocational HS, Boston K. Gary Somerville Senior Campus Supervisor, Natrona County School District, Casper, Wyo. Philip Mullendore Institute for Campus Safety
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4 From the Editor’s Desk
Campus Safety Can Get Ugly, But It’s Worth the Work
6 News Watch
How the U. of Rhode Island Sobered Up
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FROM THE EDITOR’S DESK
Campus Safety Can Get Ugly, But It’s Worth the Work The Penn State and UC Davis incidents demonstrate just how tough it is to be a protection professional at U.S. institutions of higher education. Once again, here’s another opportunity for us to grow.
I
’m certain by now you’ve heard all the speculation surrounding the Jerry Sandusky scandal and Penn State’s failure to report the alleged 2002 rape of a child. The fallout has been Robin Hattersley Gray significant: the school’s footis executive editor of Campus Safety. She can ball coach, president, athletic be reached at director and senior vice presirobin.gray@bobit.com dent for finance have all been or (310) 533-2534 sacked as a result. And then there was the UC Davis Occupy Wall Street pepper-spraying incident that occurred in mid-November. In response, the university put its police chief, as well two of her officers on administrative leave while University of California and state officials investigate what part of the police’s handling of the matter — if any — was inappropriate. If ever there were a time for universities to re-evaluate their policies and procedures surrounding the reporting of crimes, handling of protests and overall operations, it would be now. In response to the Penn State scandal, college administrators and their campus police and security departments must develop, if they haven’t already, a more expansive understanding of sexual assault that now includes child sexual abuse. Also, college public safety professionals should make every effort to maintain greater independence from administrators while still effectively working in the difficult political climates that often pervade U.S. college campuses. Police and security personnel must resist being cowed into ignoring dangerous situations in the campus community, such as sexual assaults of any kind. They must remember to hold those in power — including the athletics department, big donors, top administrators and star athletes — responsible for their wrongdoings, no
matter how much others may dislike it. In response to the UC Davis pepper-spraying incident, campus police must look again at how they plan for mass protests. The International Association of Chiefs of Police recommends public safety agencies consider things like training, intelligence, supervision, inter-agency coordination, appropriate use-of-force guidance and tactics, dispersal announcement procedures, mass arrest planning and the preparation of sufficient and humane detention sites so that what happened at UC Davis doesn’t happen at other institutions. Additionally, the International Association of Campus Law Enforcement Administrators will soon be putting together a white paper on how all of this can be accomplished. I look forward to the campus protection community learning from this research, as well as the investigations that are underway. That being said, all the white papers, training and planning in the world can only do so much to keep unfortunate incidents from happening. Sometimes bad things happen to good institutions and good people. Campus public safety is a tough job that is more of an art form than a science. This makes it an extremely challenging responsibility where campus protection professionals are sometimes put in no-win situations. Hopefully, you’ve developed the ability to dance on the land mines that inevitably arise in campus security without getting blown up. That skill, along with a lot of good fortune, will keep your campus — and your job — relatively safe. The Penn State and UC Davis incidents demonstrate the need for this type of quality in not only a campus public safety department, but in a university as a whole. It seems like an almost impossible goal to achieve, yet we must keep trying. Giving up would mean foregoing the vast amount of benefits to our communities that result from campus security efforts. Don’t ever give up.
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How the U. of Rhode Island Sobered Up Banning alcohol from campus events as well as education, interventions and enforcement helped URI clean up its act. By Robin Hattersley Gray IN THE EARLY NINETIES, the University of Rhode Island (URI) had one of the highest rates of binge drinking in college communities in the United States. It was plagued with drunk driving injuries and deaths, sexual assaults, injuries related to alcohol and drug use, vandalism, hazing, suicides and a high dropout rate. In 1993 and 1994, URI was named the No. 1 party school in the nation. The problem was so bad, in fact, that the institution had the unflattering nickname “U R High.” Things had to change, and URI President Emeritus Dr. Robert Carothers spearheaded efforts to reform the culture of his institution. He outlined URI’s successful strategy at Security On Campus’ Proceeding in Partnership: The Future of Campus Safety, which took place Sept. 29 at Lehigh University. “What I discovered was that our [academic] work was being undermined by both the reality of the alcohol abuse around campus and the external perception of ‘U R High,’” he told attendees. “We found that there were deep and broad roots of alcohol [abuse] throughout the campus community.”
POLICIES SUPPORT URI’S MISSION Carothers decided to approach the problem as an academic issue so that faculty could understand how their work was being negatively affected. He and other officials developed new policies that were tied to URI’s mission and vision. Staff and students were trained so they would buy into the changes. One of the first, and most challenging, steps was keeping alcohol from being served at any event on campus. “One of the toughest things we did was ban alcohol from homecoming,” says Carothers. “That resulted in a much smaller event. [Prior to the ban] every year we were sending 50-60 kids to the emergency room due to alcohol poisoning. Now homecoming has come back, but it is more of a family event.” Fraternities, athletes and summer 6
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URI President Emeritus Dr. Robert Carothers spoke at Security On Campus’ “The Future of Campus Safety” on how he and other URI administrators were able to address the rampant alcohol and drug abuse the campus experienced in the 1990s.
home residents living off campus were targeted, and freshmen received education on drug abuse, high-risk drinking and sexual assault. “If you are coming here to have a good time and abuse drugs and alcohol, please do us all a favor: go somewhere else,” Carothers and other URI officials told freshmen during their orientations. “We don’t want you here. You won’t be happy.” For those with drug and alcohol problems, support mechanisms were developed, including screening, interventions, support groups and referrals to off-campus professionals. A three-strikes enforcement policy was also created. The consequences of a first violation were a fine and alcohol education. For the second violation, a larger fine and probation. For the third, suspension.
CHANGES RESISTED AT FIRST With the implementation of these steps, the culture slowly began to
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change at URI, but not quickly enough in the fraternities and sororities. Young fraternity alumni were particularly opposed to the changes, so eight fraternities were shut down, and four of those eight were bulldozed. In 1999, URI also began parental notification, despite concerns that there could be privacy violations. Surpisingly, campus police also resisted the changes. “We discovered that they were all making a lot of money in overtime in guarding these parties at fraternities and elsewhere,” he says. “They didn’t want to give up that money.” The admissions department, which marketed URI as a fun place to attend, believed the change in policy would discourage people from coming to the school. The development department resisted the change too, believing alcohol had to be served at alumni events in order for attendees to have a good time and make donations to the institution. Even some of URI’s neighbors were www.campussafetymagazine.com
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opposed to the changes, arguing that the new policies would just push the problem into the neighborhoods. According to Carothers, however, the rate of alcohol and drug abuse did not go up or down off campus after the new policies were implemented. Carothers, as well as other speakers at the Security On Campus conference, discussed additional ways that colleges and universities can address high-risk drinking and alcohol abuse, such as population-level interventions and social norming. Working with the surrounding community to limit the number of events that drive down the
price of alcohol (like happy hour and ladies night) is also an effective strategy. Most of the presenters at the event agreed, however, that scare tactics are not effective ways of managing alcohol and substance use in the campus community.
EFFORTS MUST BE ONGOING Although the situation at URI has greatly improved since the early nineties, Carothers warns that alcohol and drug abuse education, prevention, intervention and enforcement efforts must be done every year. “If you think you have it solved, you have a problem.”
U.S. Dept. Dep of Ed to Investigate Penn State Scandal STATE S TATE COLLEGE COLLEGE, Pa. — The U.S. Department of Education has launched a probe into whether Penn State violated the Clery Act when it did not report allegations to the proper authorities. Penn State officials child sexual abuse alle received a letter on Nov. 9 officially notifying them of the investigation. “If these allegations of sexual abuse are true, then this is a horrible tragedy for those young boys,” Duncan said in a statement. “If it turns out that some people at the school knew of the abuse and did nothing or covered it up, that makes it even worse. Schools and school officials have a legal and moral responsibility to protect children and young people from violence and abuse.” A grand jury report alleges that Penn State officials failed to notify police when a graduate assistant told football coach Joe Paterno in 2002 that football defensive coordinator Jerry Sandusky was abusing a boy in a locker room shower. Sandusky is alleged to have sexually abused at least eight young boys from 1994 through 2009. He was arrested Nov. 5. Paterno came under fire for failing to report the abuse to police and was fired. However, according to law enforcement officials, he met legal obligations by alerting his superiors at the university after learning of the allegation. Gary Schultz, senior vice president for finance and business at Penn State, and Tim Curley, the athletic director, were charged with perjury and failure to report to authorities what they knew about the allegations. Penn State President Graham Spanier has also been fired as a result of the scandal. He did not contact police after hearing of the 2002 allegation, according to grand jury testimony. Penn State’s board of trustees has named Dr. Rodney A. Erickson, executive vice president and provost, as the interim president of the university. Tom Bradley, assistant coach, has been named interim head football coach. The board announced Nov. 11 that it has created a committee that will undertake a full and complete investigation of the circumstances that gave rise to the grand jury report on child sex abuse allegations. The committee will be commissioned to determine what failures occurred, who is responsible and what measures are necessary to ensure that this never happens again. When the investigation is complete, a full report will be given to the board at one of its regular meetings.
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1 in 2 Students in Grades 7-12 are Sexually Harassed WASHINGTON — Sexual harassment is part of everyday life in middle schools and high schools, according to a report released in November by the American Association of University Women (AAUW). Nearly half (48%) of the students surveyed experienced some form of sexual harassment in the 2010-11 school year, and the majority of those students (87%) said it had a negative effect on them. Verbal harassment (unwelcome sexual comments, jokes or gestures) made up the bulk of the incidents, but physical harassment was far too common. Sexual harassment by text, E-mail, Facebook or other electronic means affected nearly one-third (30%) of students. Many of the students who were sexually harassed through cyberspace were also sexually harassed in person. Girls were more likely than boys to be sexually harassed (56% versus 40%). Girls were more likely than boys to be sexually harassed both in person (52% versus 35%) and via text, E-mail, Facebook or other electronic means (36% versus 24%). Being called gay or lesbian in a negative way is sexual harassment that girls and boys reported in equal numbers (18% of students). Witnessing sexual harassment at school was also common. One-third of girls (33%) and about one-quarter (24%) of boys said that they observed sexual harassment at their school in the 2010-11 school year. Sexual harassment in grades 7-12 is rarely reported. Among students who were sexually harassed, about 9% reported the incident to a teacher, guidance counselor or other adult at school (12% of girls and 5% of boys). Just one-quarter (27%) of students said they talked about it with parents or family members (including siblings), and only about one-quarter (23%) spoke with friends. Half of students who were sexually harassed in the 2010-11 school year said they did nothing afterward in response to sexual harassment. The report can be found at CampusSafetyMagazine.com. www.campussafetymagazine.com
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Photo: Kelly Bracken
NFC: The Next Step in Access Control? CAMPUS SAFETY
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PILOT INVOLVED 27 ENGINEERING STUDENTS
By Robin Hattersley Gray
The result was a project that took place Aug. 10 – Sept. 6 and involved 27 students and five ASU staff members. Kratos|HBE, a nationwide integrator, installed access control readers on 14 doors throughout ASU’s Palo Verde Main residence hall. Ten of the doors were online and had HID iCLASS SE readers installed on them. The other four doors had offline Sargent locks that required phones and PINs for access. All pilot participants could gain residence hall access using their phones that had HID’s Secure Identity Objects (SIOs) embedded on them. Some used
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In a pilot program, Arizona State University students and staff used Near Field Communication-enabled mobile phones to enter their residence hall. The technology could eventually provide an alternative to ID cards on campuses.
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pend any time around a college campus, and you know how much students love their mobile phones. More than their laptops or book bags or keys or wallets, they are constantly interacting with their phones. They could be texting, listening to music, playing games, checking out the latest app or talking to a friend. Understanding this, wouldn’t it be great if a university could leverage cell phone technology for physical access control, logical access control, contactless payment and more? That’s what Laura Ploughe, Arizona State University’s (ASU) director of business applications for University Business Services, thought a few years back when she read about a pilot program that used cell phones for hotel access control. “We’ve always seen technology change very quickly,” she says. “When society adopts a new technology, 18-24-year-olds bring it on campus. We have to figure out ways that we can either make our campus less vulnerable to information security breaches and/ or make our students successful with the tools they bring to campus.” Not only that, cost savings could be achieved by using cell phones instead of ASU student ID cards (known as Sun Cards). ASU would be able to eliminate physical credentials, not to mention the administrative duties associated with issuing them. Such was Ploughe’s thinking when she approached HID last spring and volunteered her institution to conduct a pilot involving Near Field Communication (NFC).
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handsets with an additional digital key and PIN to open individual room doors. Participants also could use their Sun Card, an iCLASS-based credential, for building access. With 13,000 students living in 34 residence halls, ASU had many individuals to choose from to participate in the pilot. However, Ploughe only wanted a handful of people. “I wanted it to be in one residential area so that we could measure it and control it,” she says. “We chose the Palo Verde residential area because that is where the engineering students live. Additionally, there are two tech centers right by the building, and we wanted to support whatever we were piloting.” To do all of this, Ploughe obtained buy-in from the university housing department so they would sponsor the project and let her use their facilities. “University housing did not want us to disrupt the core reason why students are here: that is to learn,” she says. “We could not disrupt their class schedules. We couldn’t put more duress on them at the beginning of school than they already had.” That meant the pilot had to be completed before classes started, which, in turn, meant Ploughe and HID only had eight weeks to recruit students for the project, get the phones that would be used and then conduct the actual pilot.
NEW PHONES HELP WITH STANDARDIZATION Because there are so many different handsets in use, it was determined that HID’s Security Identity Object needed to be installed on new phones. HID provided the phones (Apple iPhone 4s, Samsung Androids and RIM BlackBerry Bolds) and service plans from Verizon, AT&T and T-Mobile to the
Two-thirds of American college students are interested in using their cell phones in place of an ID card, according to new research by Ingersoll Rand Security Technologies (IR). ASU participants so that everything could be standardized and controlled. Together, ASU and HID coordinated the participants’ current phone plans with the phones they would be receiving, so after the pilot they could use the new handsets without having to change carriers or plans. To assist the pilot participants in case they had trouble with their NFC-enabled phones, a special hotline was set up. Also, the students and staff could still use their Sun Cards if their phones or batteries died. Participants were still required to use their Sun Cards for other things like cafeteria privileges, parking and debit. (Although NFC and SIO can apply to those types of activities, the ASU pilot only involved physical access control.) ASU and HID knew that incentives are key for getting good results, so in order to encourage 100 percent participation, HID offered $250-$500 in cash incentives. HID also offered a summer internship. As a result, 22 of the 32 individuals involved in the pilot participated fully.
SECURITY, DEAD BATTERIES POSE CHALLENGES By their very nature, pilots are designed to determine what parts of a technology or project operate properly and which ones need to be enhanced or redeveloped. ASU’s NFC/SIO pilot
Study Shows College Students Want to Use Cell Phones as Credentials Two-thirds of American college students are interested in using their cell phones in place of an ID card, according to new research by Ingersoll Rand Security Technologies (IR). In a study titled “Effective Management of Safe & Secure Openings & Identities,” IR reports that nearly half of the 140 students surveyed identified cell phones as their favorite personal electronic device. Additionally, almost half of all respondents reported using cell phone apps to manage classwork, check grades, communicate with professors, and receive notifications and alerts. Similar to the introduction of smartcards and biometrics at universities, many early adopters in the college population are already comfortable with the idea of using a cell phone as a credential, says IR Vice President of Education Markets Beverly Vigue. “This ties in nicely with the budding discussion on NFC [near field communication], which will inevitably end up on cell phones,” she says. “No Visa card; no MasterCard card — only your cell phone will be needed for cashless payments or to show your identity.” Currently, there are few phones with the NFC capability. However, the availability of the phones and their infrastructures should increase dramatically within the next couple of years as the population grows, Vigue says. “It is important to understand that the solution is still in the testing phase. It’s not yet ready for mass commercialization. Plus, it’s hard to determine what the phone providers will charge for having this attribute,” Vigue says. “Nonetheless, as with the use of smart cards and biometrics, the early adoptors will be on college campuses, ready to bring the technology to the commercial market along with themselves and their degrees upon graduation.” Source: Ingersoll Rand Security Technologies
What Is Near Field Communication? NEAR FIELD COMMUNICATION (NFC) allows for simplified transactions, data exchange and wireless connections between two devices in close proximity to one another, usually by a few centimeters or less. Normally the devices used are mobile phones. Previous pilots have been conducted internationally, such as in Germany, Sweden and Malasia. NFC can be used for contactless payment, transportation, healthcare and, in Arizona State University’s (ASU) case, access control. At ASU, students were provided with phones that had HID’s Secure Identity Objects (SIOs) – which are virtual identities -- embedded on them. To open doors to their dorms, students would open an app on their phone that would activate the SIO. They would then put the phone very close to an access control reader that was on the door. Some of the doors used in the project also required PINs.
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5 Tips on Conducting a Pilot Program ONE
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Be sure your campus legal department signs off on the project. “We had some challenges getting this through our legal department because as a university, we can’t promote products,” says Laura Ploughe, Arizona State University’s (ASU) director of business applications for University Business Services.
Get buy-in from all campus partners, such as facilities, police and IT. “I needed to tell our ASU police department what we were doing because the last thing I wanted to hear is someone calling ASUPD freaking out that, ‘Hey, I just saw someone open that door with their phone,’” she says. This would also apply to facilities
Determine what your institution will get out of it. It must be a winwin. “ASU is known for being a leader in innovation, thinking outside the box, being a research community and having userinspired research,” claims Ploughe. “We thought of this as ‘Here we are, once again, stepping forward and saying we are a university that is willing to try and willing to fail by helping out and understanding where the future will be.’”
was no different. Phones or batteries going dead would be a serious challenge If NFC/ SIO were deployed on a campus-wide basis in place of Sun Cards. The solution to this problem could be to have a “hot button” that triggers just enough power to make the NFC/SIO app work so that the user could open the door.
FOUR
Allow plenty of time. The ASU pilot was originally scheduled to take place over 24 weeks. It ended up being held in only eight weeks, which was very short.
turn on the technology,” he says. “So, if someone were to steal your phone, they couldn’t just use that NFC technology to get in the doors.” Another challenge was that students had to stop what they were doing on the phone to open the app so they could open their door. This issue could be addressed by running the app in the
All the other students saw the phone being used to open the door and said, ‘Hey, where can I get that? I want that too’. That alone was a big win-win for all of us in that, yes, this could be a viable solution. They want to use this because they think this is the new, cool technology. — LAURA PLOUGHE It basically would be the cell phone equivalent of battery back-up or 9-1-1. The question of security is also significant. What if you lose your phone? Would anyone who picked it up be able to use it to gain unauthorized access to your room? According to Kratos|HBE Regional Vice President Mike Tiffin, who worked on the ASU pilot, users can take some basic precautions. “Within a phone you can add an additional layer of security, such as a PIN to unlock your phone before you 14
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background all of the time, but then security might be compromised. Interference with metal objects and app failures, which required them to be reset and relaunched, were other problems experienced in the pilot.
Have a good partner. The cultures must mesh well. The relationship should not just be that of a product manufacturer and buyer.
being used to open the door and said, ‘Hey, where can I get that? I want that too,’” says Ploughe. “That alone was a big win-win for all of us in that, yes, this could be a viable solution. They want to use this because they think this is the new, cool technology.” Although the pilot participants enjoyed using NFC, that doesn’t mean it’s ready to be deployed campus-wide. “We would love to, but I don’t think the industry is ready for it yet,” says Ploughe. “NFC phones are not generally available, with the exception of the latest BlackBerry.” Lack of standardization among cell phone carriers, handset manufacturers and security manufacturers is probably the biggest barrier, Plough claims. Most have proprietary equipment, and there is infighting among everyone as to who will own the technology. Ploughe is hopeful the technology will be ready for widespread use in one or two years when a business model has been developed that allows all of the players to get their piece of the pie.
STUDENTS LIKE NFC ‘COOL FACTOR’ Overall, however, pilot participants liked NFC for access control. Ninety percent said a phone is just as convenient as using their Sun Card. They also liked the “cool factor.” “All the other students saw the phone
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SCOTT GOLDFINE and ASHLEY WILLIS of Security Sales & Integration magazine also contributed to this article. For additional coverage of this and other healthcare and educational safety and security topics, visit
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feature
community patrol
Camera operators monitor the dome cameras around campus 24 hours a day in a command center located in USC’s Department of Public Safety office.
USC CAMPUS SECURITY:
TAKING IT TO THE STREETS The University of Southern California has drastically reduced violent crimes by introducing video surveillance, security ambassadors and community programs into the neighborhoods surrounding campus.
W
Brittany-Marie Swanson
hen Carey Drayton took the position of executive director and chief at the University of Southern California’s (USC) Department of Public Safety in 2006, violent crime had become a serious issue in the areas surrounding campus. In order to protect students, staff and faculty, Drayton and his department recognized that they would have to extend their influence into the nearby neighborhoods. Now, USC campus police, security ambassadors and the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) monitor a 6-square-mile area that includes the 16
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physical campus and residential and commercial areas. The department utilizes 72 Pelco Spectra dome cameras and 50 license plate recognition cameras, in addition to T3 patrol vehicles and community outreach programs. The changes have reduced Clery Actreported crimes by more than 50 percent since 2006, according to Drayton.
CRIMINALS DON’T HAVE ANYWHERE TO WORK Drayton says that USC has layered various security methods as part of a strategy to minimize spaces in which crimes can occur. “‘Minimizing spaces’ just means we want to create the smallest window
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of opportunity and geography for the criminal to commit a crime,” Drayton explains. “So not only do we have security officers on T3s − three-wheeled personal mobility vehicles − we also have LAPD and our officers patrolling the streets in cars. We have our security officers and police officers on bikes, and then we have stationary security ambassadors layered in between the areas where there are cameras.” Installing dome cameras on light poles in the neighborhoods bordering USC’s campus reduced the number of robberies from 22 to zero in a six month period in 2006. Drayton explains that this is the result of not just the technology, but a combination of www.campussafetymagazine.com
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effective patrols and the presence of video surveillance. “We settled on a bold plan by which we would put technology and people in the areas where the crime was occurring,” he explains. “Specifically we targeted robberies and we looked at the behaviors associated with those robberies. We were able to effectively push crime away from that area using this combination of technology and people.”
FIGHTING CRIME IS AN ‘EVOLVING PROCESS’ However, Drayton warns that criminals will adapt to changes in security over time. Keeping USC safe is “a constant and evolving process.” After the initial drop in crime following USC’s 2006 camera installation, criminals “began to change their M.O.,” Drayton says. “They were coming in on foot and on bicycles and just roaming the streets trying to blend in.” In order to prevent a resurgence of crime, the department established 34 security ambassador positions in 2009, which are filled by approximately 50 personnel from Contemporary Services Corporation, a peer group security and crowd management firm. “Security ambassadors are strategically located between where we don’t have cameras and where students are traveling,” Drayton explains. The ambassadors supplement the work of 130 nonsworn officers and 100 other officers who have policing powers through
a memorandum of understanding with the LAPD. “The security ambassadors are not with the actual department − we contract them to be our extra eyes and ears,” says USC Public Safety Officer Aaron Pettus. “If something does happen out on the street, they have radios to contact us so we can respond. It is a part of Chief Drayton’s vision of minimizing spaces. His philosophy is if we minimize the spaces that crimes can occur by having extra eyes and ears, the crime will decrease. It’s proven correct so far.”
CAMERA OPERATORS PERFORM ‘VIDEO PATROL’ Another challenge Drayton faced was USC’s location between two major freeways, which meant that suspects in vehicles could easily escape. In 2007, the university began adding license plate recognition cameras to the neighborhoods around campus. Those cameras now capture 400,000 plates per month. Of those captures, Drayton says less than 5 percent will set off an alert. An even smaller percentage will be from a wanted vehicle. However, the cameras have helped both USC police and LAPD officers solve a number of crimes. The license plate cameras and dome cameras are monitored 24 hours a day by a team of operators in a command center located in USC’s department of public safety office. Drayton calls this
USC was the first university campus to use T3 electric patrol vehicles, according to Chief Carey Drayton.
USC campus police patrol a six-square-mile area that includes nearby neighborhoods (blue) and a 226 acre campus with 196 buildings (yellow). The response area (red) covers 1,414 acres.
Campus Reaches Out to the Community In order to better patrol the surrounding neighborhoods and benefit its community, USC has implemented a number of programs. Chief Carey Drayton co-chairs a public safety task force, which has partnered with Los Angeles Unified School District (LAUSD) police to protect students walking to and from local schools, curb the activities of unlicensed food vendors and provide education for parents. USC’s Kid Watch program prevents bullying and gang violence by recruiting volunteers from the community to sit outside their houses during the times when children would be walking to and from school. Background checks are performed on these volunteers, and stickers identifying them as part of the Kid Watch program are placed on their homes. “These people help students and serve a very similar role to that of security ambassadors except that they are volunteers,” Drayton explains. Officer Aaron Pettus says USC’s officers have an excellent relationship with the surrounding community. “During my first couple weeks on the job, one of my field training officers was talking to different people on a first name basis, and that impressed me,” Pettus says. “He told me that when you’re patrolling 10 hours a day, you better get out here and meet some people. Whether it’s a business owner, the post man or the transient that’s in the area, we try to know pretty much everybody that is coming in and out of [the neighborhoods].”
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feature
community patrol
When Chief Carey Drayton started at USC in 2006, violent crime had become a serious issue in the areas surrounding campus. A combination of neighborhood patrols, video surveillance and community programs have reduced Clery Act-reportable crimes by 50 percent.
practice “video patrol.” “Video patrol differs from CCTV because … everybody else puts cameras up and hopes to catch something. What we’re doing is using the force multiplier of putting people to respond and technology that allows one person sitting at a console to be able to video patrol an area around the location of camera,” Drayton says. The Firetide mesh network used to monitor the cameras transmits video to USC’s command center in real time. At night, the video feed switches automatically to black and white for better resolution. “I’m really pleased with the camera system,” Pettus says. “We’ve caught some people that committed hit and runs. We got the actual incident on camera and were able to locate and track down the suspects. [The cameras] have been great, not just for our department, but for other departments out there that may need to use this as a resource for investigations.”
USC TAKES THE RETAIL SECURITY APPROACH Drayton points out that people looking to commit a crime can easily spot a patrol car but will be unable to tell if a camera operator is viewing them. If an operator monitoring the cameras spots a person exhibiting suspicious behavior, he or she will contact an officer to approach the person and ask if he or she requires assistance. Drayton calls this a “retail security approach.” “[The suspicious person] hasn’t done anything wrong,” Drayton says. “So if I approach them I say ‘my camera operator noticed you in the area … can I help you?’” This allows the officer to get a conversation going, and point out to the potential criminal that “No. 1, somebody on the camera identified you; No. 2, I’m here,
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USC recently began to monitor the activity of local food vendors selling snacks to school children. “Some of this food is not packaged appropriately, or is substandard food,” Chief Carey Drayton says. “We’ve come up with a health program … so we can educate the parents and kids and educate the vendors about what they’re doing.” Instruction is provided by peer educators from the USC Government and Civic Engagement office that operate out of the university-owned Community House, located near campus. USC’s public safety officers also provide safety training for community members at least four times a year. Additionally, the university supports 11 nearby elementary, middle and high schools as part of its Good Neighbors Campaign, which was started in 1994 by USC’s then-president Steven Sample. “We have a family of schools, which are elementary, middle and high schools that we have ties to both administratively and financially,” Drayton explains. “We support those schools by having our students volunteer there, funding programs, and taking our world-renowned faculty to those schools and letting them get exposed to the kids who are in the neighborhood.”
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Since 2006, 72 Pelco Spectra dome cameras and 50 license plate recognition cameras have been installed on light poles in the neighborhoods surrounding USC to combat crime.
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now I have eyes on you; and No. 3, I’ve asked you ‘what are you doing here?’ So now, if there’s any other indication that something is wrong, then I will ask you for your ID, and we will take it from there,” he adds. The method is based on one used by department stores looking to prevent shoplifting. Drayton says that his officers and the security ambassadors patrol the areas around campus in unpredictable patterns, so that potential criminals will be unable to anticipate their movements. “You want to see a train come at a certain time. That doesn’t work when you’re trying to stop crime because any kind of discernable pattern becomes something that is used against you by the people who are trying to defeat the system,” he explains.
USC’ S NO. 1 GOAL IS CRIME PREVENTION Video surveillance, patrols and community outreach have allowed USC to combat crime in what Drayton calls a “three-pronged approach.” The department’s first goal, Drayton says, is to prevent crime from happening entirely. This is accomplished by layering security so that potential criminals will avoid the patrol area all together. “This is the number one goal for us because I don’t want a student to have to go through an incident,” Drayton says. Secondly, “If we can’t prevent it from happening, then we want to catch the person in the act,” by responding to suspicious activity, Drayton says. The third prong, which is used if USC’s officers aren’t able to stop a crime in progress, is to use the university’s camera system to launch an investigation and apprehend the criminal. “The really cool thing about this [video surveillance] technology is, we can show in court the intent of a vehicle or the persons who are driving that vehicle [to commit a crime],” Drayton explains. “We can show the number of times they went by our license plate recognition cameras.” The department’s combination of crime prevention strategies has been a success, Drayton says. “Every place that we have implemented this, I’m happy to report that we have seen a tremendous, immediate drop in crime.” For additional coverage of this and other healthcare and educational safety and security topics, visit
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ER violence
Illustration: Ron Rennells
HOW TO PREVENT WORKPLACE VIOLENCE The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) released Enforcement Procedures for Investigating or Inspecting Workplace Violence Incidents in September. These tips will help you comply with OSHA standards and avoid fines.
H
By William Badzmierowski
ospitals are houses of healing. Doctors, nurses, assistants and even campus security professionals come to work every day hoping to make a difference. Unfortunately, hospital employees also know that as they come in to work, that day could be the day violence strikes. More than 570,000 violent crimes occurred against workers in the United States in 2009. From 2005-2009, simple assaults made up 78 percent of all workplace violence incidents, and 10 percent of workplace violence vic20
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tims worked in medical occupations, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics and the U.S. Department of Justice. Emergency departments, specifically, can be prone to acts of violence. In a 2009 study by the Emergency Nurses Association, 25 percent of the nurses surveyed said they had been physically attacked by patients more than 20 times in the previous three years, and 20 percent reported that they had been verbally abused more than 200 times in that same time frame. Sadly, many of these same nurses reported they did not report these incidents out of fear
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of retaliation and lack of support from hospital administration.
HOSPITALS CAN’T AFFORD TO DENY THERE IS A PROBLEM Earlier this year, a psychiatric hospital in Maine was fined $6,300 by OSHA for allegedly failing to provide adequate safeguards against workplace violence. The hospital experienced more than 90 incidents of patient-on-staff violence from 2008-2010. The hospital was fined, but not simply because the incidents happened. The fines were levied because the hospital failed to identify that the probwww.campussafetymagazine.com
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ER violence
lem existed, failed to implement the policies, procedures, training and other safety measures to help prevent the violence from re-occurring, and failed to provide staff with the skills needed to respond safely. In September, OSHA recognized the need for better training and supports by issuing Uniform Procedures for OSHA field staff to use when investigating complaints of workplace violence. The purpose of these new compliance directives on workplace violence is to provide OSHA inspectors with general policies and procedures that apply when workplace violence is identified as an immediate hazard. All employers should keep these directives in mind as they establish their own policies to prevent and respond to incidents of workplace violence, especially organizations with a higher prevalence of attacks. One industry that OSHA has repeatedly identified as having a high incidence of workplace violence is the healthcare and social services industry.
IMPLEMENT APPROPRIATE POLICIES, PROCEDURES, PROGRAMS Although no specific OSHA standards for workplace violence exist, the General Duty Clause mandates that employers provide a place of employ-
ment that is “free from recognizable hazards that are causing or likely to cause death or serious harm to employees.” Employers that have experienced workplace violence, or who are aware of threats, intimidation, or other workplace violence indicators should look to implement workplace violence prevention policies, procedures and programs. Policies and procedures should delineate specific prevention and response measures for each category. Staff should be trained to be aware of the policy and procedures that the hospital employs. Training should emphasize strategies staff can use to help foster a sense of care, welfare, safety and security, such as: ••• 1. Promoting a workplace culture that values respectful interactions: As staff interact with patients, do they make sure to take enough time with each patient to explain everything the patient might want/need to know? Do staff members use language that the patient finds easy to understand? Do staff interact with each other in a manner that shows respect? ••• 2. Paying attention to behavioral warning signs: Learning to recognize early warning signs (such as changes
in facial expression, breathing and body language) means a staff member is more likely to respond to the patient’s needs before the stress and anxiety escalates to violence. ••• 3. Assessing objects in the workplace that could be used as a weapon or as a behavioral trigger: As you assess the different areas within the hospital, try to assume the perspective of an anxious patient. Is there anything you can see that could be used as a weapon? How can the room be arranged so that these potential weapons are not as accessible? Is there anything you see, hear, smell or feel that might serve as a behavioral trigger? Does the area feel warm and inviting, or cold and sterile? ••• 4. Practicing and promoting a team approach: Using a team approach helps staff maintain a professional approach to resolving conflict, while also maintaining a higher degree of safety. ••• 5. Drilling all relevant response protocol: Responding appropriately as a team requires practice, and staff should be afforded the opportunity to be trained and to rehearse response protocols.
Is Your Campus Violating the General Duty Clause? In determining the possibility that an employer may have violated the general duty clause in an incident involving workplace violence, OSHA provides specific criteria establishing that:
A A serious workplace violence hazard exists and the employer failed to keep its workplace free of hazards to which employees were exposed. For example: A university hospital serves a patient population known to be at risk and is located in a high crime area. A patient attacks a nurse while he or she is working alone in a poorly lit area of the emergency room.
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C B The existence of industry and/or employer recognition of the hazard. This incident occurred in a healthcare facility that is located in a high crime area and serves many patients who are potentially unstable or volatile. There is a long and documented history of similar incidents at this hospital over the past several years.
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The workplace violence hazard caused or was likely to cause serious physical harm. Extensive history and evidence points to the existence of high potential for workplace violence in these types of healthcare settings and other settings with similar risk factors. There is also a long history of similar incidents reported to the employer.
D The existence of feasible abatement methods and an explanation of how they would materially reduce the hazard. In healthcare settings, these could include employee training, better lighting, or having two or more employees present in vulnerable work areas).
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Violence can be prevented when staff has the proper tools and when the hospital’s organizational culture fosters respectful interactions between staff, patients and visitors. Workplace violence should not be considered just part of the job. There are many reasons why a patient, visitor, or fellow staff member might act violently. Just being in the hospital can cause anxiety for many, and pain and stress related to the patient’s medical diagnosis only adds to that anxiety. Violence can be prevented when staff has the proper tools and when the hospital’s organizational culture fosters respectful interactions between staff, patients and visitors. When hospital employees feel respected and safe, they, in turn, will help patients feel respected and safe.
8 More Ways to Abate Workplace Violence on Campus 1 Create a standalone written violence prevention program for the entire hospital that includes a workplace violence hazard assessment and security analysis; develop workplace violence controls; create a recordkeeping system designed to report any violent incidents; develop a statement that includes a zero tolerance policy for workplace violence and assigns oversight and prevention responsibilities; and conduct an annual review and updating of the program. 2 Develop workplace violence controls – including administrative and engineering – to prevent potential workplace incidents 3 Ensure that all patients are screened for potential violence prior to hospital admittance 4 Conduct extensive training so that all affected employees are aware of the hospital’s workplace violence program and know how to access information about it 5 Use a system that flags a patient’s chart any time there is a history or act of violence, and train staff to understand the system 6 Ensure that adequate numbers of properly trained security personnel are available to render assistance in an instance of workplace violence 7 Limit employees from working alone or in secluded places with patients and configure the workplace to maximize an employee’s ability to escape in the event of violence 8 Develop and implement specific actions for employees to take in the event of a workplace violence incident as well as specific procedures for reporting workplace violence incidents to both hospital management and law enforcement authorities Source: Occupational Safety and Health Administration
WILLIAM F. BADZMIEROWSKI is the director of instructor services for CPI Inc. For additional coverage of this and other healthcare and educational safety and security topics, visit
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college emergency management
GET READY FOR WINTER Use a systematic approach and checklist to determine when to cancel classes and close campus. By Andy Altizer and William Smith
M
ost of us would like to forget the Winter of 2011, which brought a record number of significant snow events, accumulation and ice problems not seen for decades on campuses. We would be wise to remember the valuable lessons that could help mitigate many of the problems likely to surface again in the future. Many campuses, especially in the South, found themselves without the proper equipment to deal with snow accumulation and ice. Others did not have plans in place to help administrators make critical decisions regarding campus closures and class cancellations. Many institutional departments realized that the essential functions listed in their Continuity of Operations Plans (COOP) were based on other critical incidents (like H1N1) but didn’t cover winter weather. Campuses should consider developing detailed checklists based on the National Weather Service (NWS) winter warning levels and develop criteria regarding base closure and cancellation procedures. Preparing for a winter weather event should become routine, but this requires a consistent and logical approach from one storm to the next. Using checklists with triggers based upon NWS advisories helps to ensure that consistency. When the NWS issues a winter weather advisory, certain tasks should be completed. Logically, as the forecasts increase in severity, the tasks and preparations should follow suit. Such checklists should not only apply to a single department, but consider all departments that may have a role in the preparation, response and recovery.
GEORGIA TECH’S WINTER WEATHER CHECKLIST Post information about the weather on FB and Twitter and the Home Page
Communications & Marketing
Stand by to issue any information regarding closings or delays at the Institute
Communications & Marketing
Schedule staffing and arrange billeting for personnel during this period
Communications & Marketing
Schedule staffing and arrange billeting for personnel during this period
Facilities
Review salting & ice removal
Facilites
Prepare salt vehicles, ensure sufficient salt is on hand
Facilities
Ensure sufficient fuel is on hand for Institue heating
Facilites
Schedule staffing and arrange billeting for personnel during this period
Parking & Transportation
Prepare vehicles & equipment
Parking & Transportation
Ensure adequate food is on hand for the forecast period
Dining Services
Schedule staffing and arrange billeting for personnel during the period
Dining Services
The NWS may issue a variety of communications (warnings, watches and advisories) during the winter season that follow a logical progression based upon their forecasts. Typically, as the event approaches, the communications may become more significant: Winter Weather Outlook -> Winter Storm Watch -> Wi Winter int n er Storm Warning The Local Weather Forecast Office (WFO) will help determine the criteria for each message. For instance, in the South, a forecast of more than two inches of snow may trigger a winter storm warning, while only triggering a winter weather advisory in an area further north.
DEVELOP CRITERIA FOR CLOSURES AND CANCELLATIONS Winter weather conditions are seldom clear enough to make immediate decisions on campus closures and/or class cancellations. Having a list of criteria to help administrators decide on these difficult, but important, issues will not only help them make the right decision, but help them do so in a timely manner. 24
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college emergency management
Baseline Criteria May Include: WEATHER • Current • 12-24 Hour Forecast • For Road Surface Melt: Temperatures, Wind, Sunlight • Type of and Amount of Precipitation: Rain, Snow, Sleet or Freezing Rain • Advisories, Watches and Warnings CAMPUS CONDITIONS • Roads • Sidewalks • Parking Lots • Building Entrances OFF CAMPUS ROAD CONDITIONS • Surrounding City Streets • Adjacent Counties • Neighborhoods • Interstate Highways OTHER CONSIDERATIONS • Food Supply in Residence Hall Dining Areas • Power • Snow Removal Equipment • Ice Melt Available • Staff • Timing • Beginning of the semester • Final Exams • Public Transportation • Snow/Ice Mitigation Efforts Other Jurisdictions
Criteria will differ depending on the campus, location and resources available. Each campus should develop its criteria and update it after each winter event. For example, if campus road conditions are decent but both the surrounding city streets are impassable and public transpiration is not running, you could expect issues with off campus commuters and faculty/ staff getting to campus. Another example: without public transportation, you can expect issues with dining hall staff.
PREPARE FOR THE UNEXPECTED AT INOPPORTUNE TIMES The decision to close campus or cancel classes is never an easy decision. Furthermore, there are always other factors that come into play that make the decision even more difficult. Imagine an ice storm occurring the night before the last day of final exams; if the exams are delayed, what would happen to grades and even graduation?
Communicating before and during a winter weather storm is nearly as critical as the campus closure and class cancellation decisions. Using various internal and external outlets too is extremely important. Using checklists based on NWS warning levels and criteria for base closures and cancellations provides a systematic approach to making critical decisions during difficult and often convoluted situations. Such checklists and criteria are also important to help you remember key lessons learned from previous years and storms that could easily be forgotten when not an everyday (or as in the south, every year) event. ANDY ALTIZER is the director of emergency preparedness at Georgia Tech and can be reached at andy.altizer@police.gatech.edu. WILLIAM SMITH is the emergency preparedness program manager at Georgia Tech. He can be reached at william.smith@police.gatech.edu. For additional coverage of this and other healthcare and educational safety and security topics, visit
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feature
camera placement
WHERE TO INSTALL CAMERAS ON K-12 CAMPUSES Placing video surveillance solutions in these nine locations will ensure your district’s technology investment has the greatest impact.
By Mark Wilson
A
t most school districts, the word “security” is synonymous with “surveillance.” It has always been and still is the most popular security technology used in schools. In fact, school video security continues to expand faster than the overall security market. A typical urban school system, such as Miami-Dade, can easily have thousands of cameras installed throughout the district. Some of these systems are very sophisticated, leveraging advanced surveillance capabilities and utilizing a broad range of technologies. These include vandal resistant outdoor dome cameras, outdoor pan-tilt-zoom (PTZ) cameras, vandal resistant PTZ IP indoor dome cameras plus high resolution monitors to support their continuous 24/7 operation. ••• 1 Parking Lots: K-12 installations now typically use IP/digital video. The network infrastructure is usually available, and schools have fewer restrictions on bandwidth use than corporate campuses. Administrators also find it simple to zoom-in on images, track particular scenes and enhance features with IP. From high up on the rooftop of a school building, they can zoom in and get a clear image of a license plate way across the parking lot. Plus, they can cover an entire campus from fewer locations. 30
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2 Loading and Unloading Zones: When it
comes to security at schools, as compared to higher education facilities, access controls are more defined and in place, according to Mark S. Bennett, a certified security consultant with more than 25 years of experience in the security industry. “Most schools today have clear access rules and procedures for identifying parents and visitors.” Bennett recommends breaking down different areas and locations within facilities and applying security procedures and technologies, includ-
as in the central junction of four corridors, the PTZ cameras are placed. Individual hallways use fixed position cameras, which cost less. Monitoring where students gather helps to mitigate drug and gang activities. ••• 4 Campus Entrances and Main Offices: Schools should also place video cameras to monitor entrances as well as at main offices and where IDs are checked. Bennett points out that new school designs typically create a vestibule where doors inside are locked
VIDEO SURVEILLANCE CAMERAS MUST HAVE PROPER ENCLOSURES Cameras at K-12 schools take a pounding, however, they need to continue working. Therefore, it is highly recommended that they feature IP66 housing, which can take on all types of weather and vandalism challenges. ing security video, as specific solutions. For instance, at schools, there are threats from kidnapping, especially in the lower grades. So, surveillance along the pick-up/drop-off line is essential to providing an audit trail. ••• 3 Hallways and Corridors: Most districts mix PTZ cameras along with fixed position cameras. It is highly recommended that they be encased in domes to avoid being vandalized. Where 360 degrees of viewing are preferred, such
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and cameras placed there can provide a deterrent as well as an audit trail to determine if procedures are followed. ••• 5 Cafeterias and Restroom Entrances: Place PTZ cameras with discreet domes in corners. ••• 6 Restrooms: A similar approach makes sense by placing cameras outside the entrances to restrooms. The design respects privacy but could provide appropriate information if there is an inwww.campussafetymagazine.com
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cident inside a restroom. For example, schools often find threats written on restroom walls. ••• 7 Labs and Shops: Security video can also manage safety issues such as in the automotive, welding and shop areas, and chemistry labs. Computer labs where theft is a problem is another location that is appropriate for video surveillance. ••• 8 Gymnasiums: There is also value in installing cameras in gymnasiums where there is the potential for fights. ••• 9 Outdoors: A school implementation typically employs high-speed, highresolution, PTZ cameras encased in weather-resistant domes. Each camera can follow a pre-programmed guard tour, moving continuously from one pre-set position to another. Operators can zoom in on objects or areas at will. Outdoor day/night cameras will switch automatically between a color mode for daytime and a more light sensitive monochrome for nighttime,
providing 24-hour coverage in all light conditions. These two-in-one cameras not only cut in half the number of cameras needed, but also the number of domes required for the system. They also reduce the costs of other hardware and installation labor as well as future maintenance expenditures. By being able to produce clear images in low light conditions, school districts save the expense of installing additional lighting.
CONSIDER A NETWORKED SYSTEM Officials at larger districts, those with more than 75 buildings, will want to study the feasibility of networking their entire system, either via Ethernet or fiber optics. Their security consultant will be of great help in providing input. Onsite Ethernet hubs can be established in each building to create a district-wide network connected through the Internet. With fiber optics, cables can be connected from hundreds of remote sites to a central monitoring station. Smaller districts will want to consid-
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INSTALLER MUST HAVE EXPERIENCE The system must be implemented by an installer with considerable experience in school security, using good design practices. Otherwise, there could be many call-backs. Schools need an integrator that can help them with preand post-sales support, troubleshooting, integration assistance, onsite training, firmware updates, system design and service/repair/replacement coordination. MARK S. WILSON is vice president of marketing for Infinova. For additional coverage of this and other healthcare and educational safety and security topics, visit
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er setting up a small-scale digital system that consists of multiple cameras, a multiplexer (which controls viewing and recording), and several monitors and recorders in each building. Such a system is relatively inexpensive. It can be duplicated in all buildings, allowing standardized training and eliminating any problems with compatibility.
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Talk-A-Phone ETP-SMCR Card Reader Surface Mount Accessory Combining emergency communications equipment with access control just got easier with Talk-A-Phone’s ETP-SMCR Card Reader Surface Mount Accessory. Any Talk-A-Phone emergency, information or assistance phone can be mounted together with a card reader or other device to a wall, on a pole, or to a gooseneck pedestal for standalone applications. The unit includes a hinged panel for easy installation and an acrylic adapter to magnetically isolate the card reader for enhanced read range. The solution is appropriate for drive-up or walk-up applications including building access control and garage/open parking lot entry. Need FREEInfo? www.campussafetymagazine.com/FREEInfo/22400
EasyLobby eKiosk EasyLobby has released EasyLobby eKiosk, software that turns any Apple iPad, tablet computer or smart phone into a self-registration kiosk for visitors. When used with EasyLobby’s eAdvance Web pre-registration software, EasyLobby eKiosk makes it easy for visitors to register themselves upon arrival. The host employee can pre-register the visitor in eAdvance; the visitor receives a registration number via E-mail. Upon arrival, the visitor is handed an eKiosk-enabled device, and enters their name or registration number. Need FREEInfo? www.campussafetymagazine.com/FREEInfo/22401
Kenwood TK-5410 & TK-5910 Portable Radios The TK-5410 and TK-5910 are the newest P25 compatible radios introduced by Kenwood of Suwanee, Ga., specifically for public safety agencies operating in the 700/800 MHz bands. Both incorporate increased memory for future software upgrades and AMBE+2 enhanced full rate CODEC voice digitization technology with improved FEC and noise reduction, the company says. The portables operate in P25 conventional, trunking and analog conventional modes.
Aiphone GT Series Multi-Tenant Video Systems Aiphone has released a new series of multi-tenant color video systems, the GT Series. The GT Series offers several enhancements over the current GH Series multi-tenant systems. The 170 degree entry station with a pan/tilt/zoom camera provides complete entry visibility. The system supports up to 500 tenant stations, which communicate hands-free to a maximum of 16 entry panels and four security guard stations. The entry panels can be configured in either direct select, digital keypad or one piece stainless steel styles. Need FREEInfo? www.campussafetymagazine.com/FREEInfo/22404
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RECESS
WHAT’S WRONG WITH THIS PICTURE?
THEY SAID IT I am innocent of those charges. Former Penn State football assistant coach Jerry Sandusky on the allegations that he sexually abused at least eight young boys from 1994 through 2009. A grand jury report alleges that university officials failed to notify police when a graduate assistant told football coach Joe Paterno in 2002 that Sandusky was abusing a boy in a locker room shower. Source: NBC
Photo courtesy Michael Dorn Safe Havens International
ANSWER:
An aggressor such as an armed robber or a sexual predator can use the unlocked padlock to lock a victim in this room after an attack to delay reporting of the crime. In K-20 schools, students have been known to lock victims in such areas either as a form of bullying, harassment or a prank. While there are other concerns with this room, this feature should cause significant alarm.
DID YOU KNOW? NOW? OW? The average weight gain for college freshmen is
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7 BILLION PEOPLE living in it.
Source: The Partnership at Drugfree.org and the MetLife Foundation
Are you that dumb? Oh my God. You are such a liar… It’s no wonder you don’t have friends. No wonder nobody likes you because you lie, cheat… A school aide caught on tape verbally abusing a 14-year-old special needs student. Before the tape was made, the student’s parents complained to school administrators, but they did nothing. After the parents turned in the tape, which the student secretly recorded by wearing a wire, the aid was fired and the supervising teacher, who also participated in the bullying, was put on unpaid leave. Source: ABC News
Source: United Nations
52%
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of emergency department administrators report that they hold mentally ill patients for 24 hours or longer.
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CAMPUS SAFETY MAGAZINE (USPS 610) (ISSN 1066-7039) is published BI-Monthly by Bobit Business Media, 3520 Challenger Street, Torrance, California 90503-1640. Periodicals Postage Paid at Torrance, CA 90503-9998 and Additional Mailing Offices. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Campus Safety Magazine, P.O. Box 1068, Skokie, IL 60076-8068. Please allow 8 to 16 weeks
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