ɂɋɉɈɅɖɁɈȼȺɇɂȿ ɆɍɅɖɌɂɉɅɂɄȺɐɂɂ ȼ ɊȺɁȼɂɌɂɂ ɄɈɆɆɍɇɂɄȺɐɂɂ ȾɈɒɄɈɅɖɇɂɄɈȼ ɋ ɇȿȾɈɊȺɁȼɂɌɂȿɆ Ɋȿɑɂ Ƚɪɚɮ əɧɚ ɂɝɨɪɟɜɧɚ

№ 32 (161), 2020 ɝ.

ɂɋɉɈɅɖɁɈȼȺɇɂȿ ɆɍɅɖɌɂɉɅɂɄȺɐɂɂ ȼ ɊȺɁȼɂɌɂɂ ɄɈɆɆɍɇɂɄȺɐɂɂ ȾɈɒɄɈɅɖɇɂɄɈȼ ɋ ɇȿȾɈɊȺɁȼɂɌɂȿɆ Ɋȿɑɂ

Ƚɪɚɮ əɧɚ ɂɝɨɪɟɜɧɚ

cɬɭɞɟɧɬ 3 ɤɭɪɫɚ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɋɨɱɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ, ɊɎ, ɝ. ɋɨɱɢ

ȺɇɇɈɌȺɐɂə

ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɨɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɜɟɞɭɳɢɯ ɦɟɫɬ ɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ ɫɨɰɢɨɥɨɝɨɜ, ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɨɜ ɢ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɨɜ. Ɉɛɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɠɢɞɚɟɬ ɨɬ ɩɨɞɪɚɫɬɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɹ ɭɦɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɳɚɬɶɫɹ ɢ ɞɢɫɤɭɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ, ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɬɶ ɬɟ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɵɟ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ, ɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɯ ɢ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨ ɜɵɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɟ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ, ɭɜɚɠɚɬɶ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɢ ɭɦɟɬɶ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɬɶ ɤ ɧɢɦ ɫɨɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɟ ɢ ɷɦɩɚɬɢɸ. «ɉɨ ɬɨɦɭ, ɤɚɤ ɪɟɛɟɧɨɤ ɭɦɟɟɬ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɫɜɨɟ ɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɧɢɟ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɭɞɢɬɶ ɨɛ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɟɝɨ ɪɟɱɟɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ. ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɹ ɫɜɨɟ ɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɧɢɟ, ɨɧ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɨɫɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɶ ɪɟɱɟɜɨɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ, ɥɨɝɢɤɭ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɦɵɫɥɢ, ɫɜɹɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɱɟɜɨɝɨ ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ» [26, ɫ. 156]. ABSTRACT

The problem of communication currently occupies one of the leading places in the research of sociologists, educators and psychologists. Society expects from the younger generation the ability to communicate and debate, to distinguish between certain situations of communication, to understand the state of other people in different situations and, on the basis of this, to adequately build their behavior, respect other people and be able to show sympathy and empathy towards them. “By the way a child is able to build his utterance, one can judge the level of his speech development. Arbitrarily constructing his utterance, he must be aware of the speech action, the logic of the expression of thought, the coherence of speech presentation".

Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ, ɞɨɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤ, ɪɟɱɶ.

Keywords: communication, preschooler, speech.

Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ «ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ» ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɢ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɨɛɲɢɪɧɵɦ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɦ. ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɫɜɹɡɧɨɣ ɪɟɱɢ ɢ ɟɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɹɞɟ ɬɪɭɞɨɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ, ɩɫɢɯɨɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ. Ⱦɚɧɧɵɦ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɦ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɥɢɫɶ ȼ.ɉ. Ƚɥɭɯɨɜ, ɇ.ɋ. ɀɭɤɨɜɚ, Ɋ.ɂ. Ʌɚɥɚɟɜɚ ɢ ɞɪ. ɉɨ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ Ⱥ.ȼ. Ɍɟɤɭɱɟɜɚ, ɩɨɞ ɫɜɹɡɧɨɣ ɪɟɱɶɸ ɜ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɦ ɫɦɵɫɥɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ, ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɥɸɛɭɸ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɭ ɪɟɱɢ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɧɵɟ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ (ɡɧɚɦɟɧɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɫɥɭɠɟɛɧɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ, ɫɥɨɜɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹ) ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɩɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɚɦ ɥɨɝɢɤɢ ɢ ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ, ɟɞɢɧɨɟ ɰɟɥɨɟ. Ɏ.Ⱥ. ɋɨɯɢɧ ɫɱɢɬɚɥ, ɱɬɨ ɫɜɹɡɧɚɹ ɪɟɱɶ –ɷɬɨ «ɪɚɡɜɟɪɧɭɬɨɟ ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɥɨɝɢɱɧɨ, ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɢ ɬɨɱɧɨ, ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ» [5, ɫ. 116]. Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɫɜɹɡɧɨɣ ɪɟɱɢ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɹɡɵɤɭ: 1) ɫɥɨɜɚɪɧɭɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ (ɨɛɲɢɪɧɵɣ ɡɚɩɚɫ ɫɥɨɜ ɢ ɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɢɦ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɟɬ ɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɶ ɦɵɫɥɶ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟɬɨɱɧɨ ɢ ɩɨɥɧɨ); 2) ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɹ ɪɟɱɢ (ɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɢ ɦɵɫɥɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɦɢ ɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɵɦɢ, ɫɥɨɠɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ, ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɪɨɞɚ, ɱɢɫɥɚ, ɩɚɞɟɠɚ); 3) ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɪɟɱɢ (ɪɟɱɶ ɞɨɥɠɧɚɛɵɬɶ ɜɧɹɬɧɨɣ, ɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ).

Ɉɛɳɟɟ ɧɟɞɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɪɟɱɢ –ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɟ ɪɟɱɟɜɵɟ ɪɚɫɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ, ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɭ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɫɟɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɪɟɱɟɜɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɤ ɟɟ ɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɣ ɢ ɫɦɵɫɥɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɟ, ɩɪɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɯɟ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɟ.

ɇɟɩɨɥɧɨɰɟɧɧɚɹ ɪɟɱɟɜɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɬ ɨɬɩɟɱɚɬɨɤ ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɭ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ, ɫɟɧɫɨɪɧɨɣ ɢ ɚɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ-ɜɨɥɟɜɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɵ. Ɉɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɚɹ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ, ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ. Ɋɟɱɟɜɚɹ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ. ɉɪɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɦɵɫɥɨɜɨɣ, ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɭ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɚ ɜɟɪɛɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɚɦɹɬɶ, ɫɬɪɚɞɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɩɨɦɢɧɚɧɢɹ. Ɉɧɢ ɡɚɛɵɜɚɸɬ 9 ɫɥɨɠɧɵɟ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ, ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ. ɋɜɹɡɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɪɟɱɟɜɵɦɢ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɚɦɢ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ. Ɉɛɥɚɞɚɹ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɩɨɥɧɨɰɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɫɵɥɤɚɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɨɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɦɵɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɹɦɢ, ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɦɢ ɢɯ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɭ, ɞɟɬɢ ɨɬɫɬɚɸɬ ɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɫɥɨɜɟɫɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɨ-ɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ, ɛɟɡ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɬɪɭɞɨɦ ɨɜɥɚɞɟɜɚɸɬ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɨɦ ɢ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɨɦ, ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɢɟɦ [3]. ɋɜɹɡɧɚɹ ɪɟɱɶ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɥɨɠɧɭɸ ɮɨɪɦɭ ɪɟɱɟɜɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɉɧɚ ɧɨɫɢɬ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɟɪɧɭɬɨɝɨ ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ. ɉɨ ɬɨɦɭ, ɤɚɤ ɪɟɛɟɧɨɤ ɭɦɟɟɬ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɫɜɨɟ ɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɧɢɟ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɭɞɢɬɶ ɨɛ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɟɝɨ ɪɟɱɟɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ [4]. ɍ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɫ ɨɛɳɢɦ ɧɟɞɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɫɜɹɡɧɚɹ ɪɟɱɶ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ. Ɉɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɧɵɣ ɡɚɩɚɫ, ɦɧɨɝɨɤɪɚɬɧɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨ ɡɜɭɱɚɳɢɯ ɫɥɨɜ ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɞɟɥɚɟɬ ɪɟɱɶ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɛɟɞɧɨɣ ɢ ɫɬɟɪɟɨɬɢɩɧɨɣ. ɉɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɹ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɶ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɣ, ɞɟɬɢ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɥɢɲɶ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ. Ɋɟɱɟɜɨɣ ɨɩɵɬ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧ,

ɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɨɧɢ ɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ, ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɟɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɵɦɢ. ɉɪɢ ɯɨɪɨɲɟɦ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɢ ɨɛɢɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɪɟɱɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɩɨɥɧɨɟ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɱɢɬɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɛɟɥɨɜ ɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɮɨɧɟɬɢɤɢ, ɥɟɤɫɢɤɢ, ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɤɢ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɨɢɫɤɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɭɬɟɣ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɜɹɡɧɨɣ ɪɟɱɢ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɜɚɠɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɫ ɈɇɊ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚ. ɗɬɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɤɚɤ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɱɟɜɨɝɨ ɧɟɞɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɤ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɨɹɳɟɦɭ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɸ. ȼ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɡɚɞɚɱ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ ɪɟɱɢ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ-ɞɨɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ, ɨɫɨɛɚɹ ɪɨɥɶ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɢɬ ɦɭɥɶɬɢɩɥɢɤɚɰɢɢ.

Ɇɭɥɶɬɮɢɥɶɦ –ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɬɟɥɶ ɨɬ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɦɟɞɢɚ-ɫɪɟɞɵ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɟ ɫɥɨɜɨ ɢ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɤɭ, ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɞɜɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɚ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ: ɡɪɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɫɥɭɯ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɦɭɥɶɬɮɢɥɶɦ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɦɨɳɧɟɣɲɢɦ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɨɦ ɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɚɜɬɨɪɢɬɟɬɧɵɯ ɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɵɦ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɦ [2]. Ɇɭɥɶɬɮɢɥɶɦɵ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɸɬ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɭ ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ, ɡɧɚɤɨɦɹɬ ɫ ɦɢɪɨɦ, ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɹɸɬ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ. Ȼɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɟ ɢ ɧɟɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɦ ɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦ ɦɭɥɶɬɢɩɥɢɤɚɰɢɢ, ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɪɭɝɨɡɨɪ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ, ɚɤɬɢɜɢɡɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ, ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɵɬɚ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɫ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɢɦ, ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɱɶ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɭɸɬɫɹ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɧɚɜɵɤɢ [2]. ɋ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɷɬɨ ɹɪɤɢɟ, ɡɪɟɥɢɳɧɵɟ, ɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟ, ɩɪɨɫɬɵɟ, ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɟ ɞɨɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɚɦ ɫɸɠɟɬɵ. Ɉɧɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬ ɭ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɞɨɛɪɟ ɢ ɡɥɟ, ɷɬɚɥɨɧɵ ɯɨɪɨɲɟɝɨ ɢ ɩɥɨɯɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ. ɉɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɭɥɶɬɢɩɥɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɪɟɲɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ: 1) ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɢ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɟɬɟɣ; 2) ɚɤɬɢɜɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ; 3) ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɨ-ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɹɡɵɤɚ; 4) ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɫɜɹɡɧɨɣ ɪɟɱɢ ɢ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɢɢ ɞɨɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ. ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɨɬɛɨɪɚ ɦɭɥɶɬɮɢɥɶɦɨɜ ɫɜɹɡɚɧ ɫ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɢɡɭɱɚɟɦɵɦ ɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɬɟɦɚɦ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɟ:  ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɵɦɢ ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɥɟɧɬɵ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɯɨɪɨɲɟɝɨ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ;  ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɭɥɶɬɮɢɥɶɦɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɫɦɨɬɪɚ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɣ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɬɶ 10 ɦɢɧɭɬ; ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɫɦɨɬɪɚ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɢɥɢ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɜ ɞɨɦɚɲɧɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ –20 ɦɢɧɭɬ;  ɫɸɠɟɬ ɦɭɥɶɬɮɢɥɶɦɚ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɟɧ ɩɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɸ, ɢɦɟɬɶ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɭɸ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ (ɱɬɨ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɜɚɠɧɨ ɧɚ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɬɚɩɚɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ), ɢɦɟɬɶ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ;  ɧɚ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɬɚɩɚɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɝɟɪɨɹɦɢ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɜɟɫɬɢɫɶ ɞɢɚɥɨɝ, ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɯ ɝɟɪɨɟɜ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɬɪɟɯ. ɇɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɷɬɚɩɚɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɦɭɥɶɬɮɢɥɶɦɵ ɫ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɝɟɪɨɟɜ, ɩɨ ɫɸɠɟɬɭ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɸɬɫɹ ɦɨɧɨɥɨɝɢ ɢɥɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɪɟɱɟɜɨɝɨ ɨɡɜɭɱɢɜɚɧɢɹ [6]. ɋɨɛɵɬɢɹ, ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɟ ɜ ɦɭɥɶɬɮɢɥɶɦɟ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɞɟɬɟɣ: ɩɨɜɵɲɚɬɶ ɢɯ ɨɛɳɭɸ ɨɫɜɟɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ, ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɬɶ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɜɨɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ, ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɡɡɪɟɧɢɟ [2]. Ⱦɟɬɢ ɢɡɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨ ɭɱɚɬɫɹ, ɩɨɞɪɚɠɚɹ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ, ɜɵɞɟɥɹɹ ɥɸɛɢɦɵɯ ɦɭɥɶɬɢɩɥɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɝɟɪɨɟɜ, ɞɟɬɢ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɸɬ ɩɨɞɪɚɠɚɬɶ ɢɦ. ɑɟɪɟɡ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɟɛɹ ɫ ɥɸɛɢɦɵɦɢ ɝɟɪɨɹɦɢ ɪɟɛɟɧɨɤ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɭɱɢɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɡɢɬɢɜɧɨ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɫɟɛɹ, ɫɩɪɚɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɫɨ ɫɜɨɢɦɢ ɫɬɪɚɯɚɦɢ ɢ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ, ɭɜɚɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɶɫɹ ɤ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ [1]. ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɹɦ Ⱥ.Ⱥ. Ƚɭɫɶɤɨɜɨɣ, ɦɭɥɶɬɮɢɥɶɦɵ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɥɨɝɨɩɟɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɨ-ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɢ ɫɜɹɡɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɧɢɹ, ɭɜɹɡɵɜɚɹ ɬɟɦɭ ɦɭɥɶɬɮɢɥɶɦɚ ɫ ɬɟɦɨɣ ɥɨɝɨɩɟɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ. ȼ ɯɨɞɟ ɩɪɨɫɦɨɬɪɚ ɦɭɥɶɬɮɢɥɶɦɚ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɧɟɝɨ ɭ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɠɟɥɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɞɟɥɢɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɤɟɦ-ɥɢɛɨ ɜɩɟɱɚɬɥɟɧɢɹɦɢ, ɨɛɫɭɞɢɬɶ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɤɢ ɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɵ ɦɭɥɶɬɢɩɥɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɝɟɪɨɟɜ, ɢ, ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ, ɫɨ ɫɜɟɪɫɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ. [3].

Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɷɬɚɩɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɚɞ ɦɭɥɶɬɮɢɥɶɦɨɦ: 1) ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ-ɥɨɝɨɩɟɞɚ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɫ ɨɬɛɨɪɨɦ ɦɭɥɶɬɢɩɥɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ, ɩɨɞɛɨɪɨɦ ɪɟɱɟɜɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ (ɪɟɱɟɜɵɯ ɢɝɪ) ɞɥɹ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ; 2) ɡɧɚɤɨɦɫɬɜɨ ɫ ɦɭɥɶɬɢɩɥɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɥɟɧɬɨɣ. Ʌɨɝɨɩɟɞ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬ ɛɟɫɟɞɭ: ɫɨɨɛɳɚɟɬ ɞɟɬɹɦ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɭɥɶɬɮɢɥɶɦɚ, ɝɨɬɨɜɢɬ ɤ ɟɝɨ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɸ ɢ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɸ. ɉɪɨɫɦɨɬɪ ɦɭɥɶɬɮɢɥɶɦɚ. Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɪɚɡɛɨɪ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɦɭɥɶɬɮɢɥɶɦɚ ɩɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ. Ⱦɟɬɢ ɩɪɨɝɨɜɚɪɢɜɚɸɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɭɸ ɫɸɠɟɬɧɭɸ ɥɢɧɢɸ ɦɭɥɶɬɮɢɥɶɦɚ, ɝɥɚɜɧɵɯ ɢ ɜɬɨɪɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɵɯ ɝɟɪɨɟɜ, ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɧɢɦɢ. 3) ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɫɜɹɡɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɚ ɧɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɟ ɫɸɠɟɬɚ ɦɭɥɶɮɢɥɶɦɚ: –ɨɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ (ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ, ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ ɝɟɪɨɟɜ; ɡɚɬɟɦ –ɫ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɨɣ ɢɯ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɤɨɜ ɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ); –ɫɸɠɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɚ, ɬ. ɟ. ɩɟɪɟɫɤɚɡɚ ɫɸɠɟɬɚ ɦɭɥɶɬɮɢɥɶɦɚ (ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɫ ɥɨɝɨɩɟɞɨɦ, ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ, ɩɨ ɰɟɩɨɱɤɟ, ɩɨ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɢ); –ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɚ ɩɨ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɟ ɢɥɢ ɫɟɪɢɢ ɫɸɠɟɬɧɵɯ ɞɟɬɫɤɢɯ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɨɜ; –ɫ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚ («Ʉɚɤ ɜɵ ɞɭɦɚɟɬɟ, ɱɬɨ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɫ ɝɟɪɨɹɦɢ ɭɬɪɨɦ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɨɧɢ ɩɪɨɫɧɭɬɫɹ? ɑɬɨ ɨɧɢ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ, ɜɫɩɨɦɢɧɚɬɶ, ɨ ɱɟɦ ɪɚɡɝɨɜɚɪɢɜɚɬɶ?»), ɟɫɥɢ ɫɸɠɟɬ ɷɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ [9]. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɨɫɦɨɬɪɚ ɦɭɥɶɬɢɩɥɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɮɢɥɶɦɚ ɥɨɝɨɩɟɞ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦɢ ɢɧɢɰɢɢɪɭɟɬ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɭɜɢɞɟɧɧɨɝɨ.

Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɭɥɶɬɢɩɥɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɥɨɝɨɩɟɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚ ɪɟɱɟɜɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɧɨ ɢ ɧɚ

ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɧɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜ ɭ ɞɨɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ. ȼ ɯɨɞɟ ɩɪɨɫɦɨɬɪɚ ɦɭɥɶɬɮɢɥɶɦɨɜ ɞɟɬɢ ɩɪɢɨɛɳɚɸɬɫɹ ɤ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɟɱɢ, ɡɚɩɨɦɢɧɚɸɬ ɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɢ ɫɥɨɜɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɭɸɬɫɹ ɜɫɟ ɪɟɱɟɜɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ.

ɋɩɢɫɨɤ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ:

1. Ƚɭɫɶɤɨɜɚ, Ⱥ.Ⱥ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɦɭɥɶɬɢɩɥɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɧɢɢ ɈɇɊ. // Ʌɨɝɨɩɟɞ. – 2009. –№7. –ɋ. 27-34. 2. Ʌɚɥɟɬɢɧɚ, Ⱥ.Ɏ. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɦɭɥɶɬɢɩɥɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɮɢɥɶɦɨɜ. // ɇɚɱɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ ɩɥɸɫ Ⱦɨ ɢ ɉɨɫɥɟ. – 2010. –№8. –ɋ. 20-25. 3. Ʌɨɝɨɩɟɞɢɹ: ɭɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɞɟɮɟɤɬɨɥ. ɮɚɤ. ɩɟɞ. ɜɭɡɨɜ. / ɉɨɞ ɪɟɞ. Ʌ.ɋ. ȼɨɥɤɨɜɨɣ, ɋ.ɇ. ɒɚɯɨɜɫɤɨɣ. –

Ɇ., 1998. –680 ɫ 4. Ɉɫɧɨɜɵ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ ɥɨɝɨɩɟɞɢɢ. / ɉɨɞ ɪɟɞ. Ɋ.ȿ. Ʌɟɜɢɧɨɣ. –Ɇ., 1968. –369 ɫ 5. Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɪɟɱɢ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɞɨɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚ: ɉɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɬɟɥɹ ɞɟɬ. ɫɚɞɚ. / ɉɨɞ ɪɟɞ. Ɏ.Ⱥ. ɋɨɯɢɧɚ. –

Ɇ.: ɉɪɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ, 1999. –223 ɫ 6. Ɏɢɥɢɱɟɜɚ Ɍ.Ȼ. ɍɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɧɟɞɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɪɟɱɢ ɭ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɞɨɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚ. / Ɍ.Ȼ. Ɏɢɥɢɱɟɜɚ,

Ƚ.ȼ. ɑɢɪɤɢɧɚ. –Ɇ.: Ⱥɣɪɢɫ-ɩɪɟɫɫ, 2008. –224 ɫ.