Esther Bentvelsen - Nieuwe Horizon van Amsterdam

New Horizon of Amsterdam the roofscape as an accessible space

Project presentation

NEW HORIZON OF AMSTERDAM Esther Bentvelsen ebentvelsen@gmail.com Master of Architecture Academy of Architecture Amsterdam graduation year 2022 Mentor: Rob Hootsmans Commission: Kamiel Klaasse and Ronald Rietveld

Page 3 from 102

Esther Bentvelsen New Horizon of Amsterdam

Content

5

Introduction

7

Fascination

9

Observation

11

Ambition

13

Research

51

Goal

55

Plan

Esther Bentvelsen New Horizon of Amsterdam

Introduction

Page 5 from 102

New horizon of Amsterdam is an introduction to a new world atop of the rooftops of Amsterdam’s inner city.

New Horizon of Amsterdam I was born and raised in the Netherlands and have been facinated by the spectacular Dutch clouds since childhood.

In my opinion, the Dutch landscape is characterized by the Dutch clouds. The continuously changing cloud sky is emphasized by the uninterrupted f lat man-made Dutch landscape. It creates a clear horizon and serves as a canvas for the spectacle of the clouds. It brings me peace and contemplation.

In my project I want to give the Dutch clouds back to the residents of Amsterdam. By making a horizon at a new level, the residents get a new perspective on the historic city center with a landscape that accentuates the Dutch clouds and the historic height accents.

Photo: Marineterrein, place where I often walk by and my gaze is drawn to the Dutch cloudy sky, by Esther Bentvelsen

Esther Bentvelsen New Horizon of Amsterdam

Fascination

Page 7 from 102

My fascination starts with the Dutch clouds: a maximum of light and space. I myself grew up in the Dutch landscape, which is characterised by its f latness and horizontality. A landscape in which the clouds play the leading role and therefore provide a unique image that defines our landscape.

Photo: Passersby on the Red Light District in downtown Amsterdam. Image ANP

Esther Bentvelsen New Horizon of Amsterdam

Observation

Page 9 from 102

In the city center of Amsterdam, your field of view is framed by the narrow alleys and streets, and the cloudscape largely falls away. In addition, the streetscape in the historic city center is dominated by tourists. The meeting place for residents disappears and the city threatens to lose its connecting function. It causes alienation of the residents. Instead of the city being a place where people come together, it functions primarily as an economic area.

Cross-section through the inner city of Amsterdam

Esther Bentvelsen New Horizon of Amsterdam

Ambition

Page 11 from 102

I want to give the residents of Amsterdam the typical dutch sky by making places at a new improved Amsterdam level.

Jacob van Ruisdael, A view of Amsterdam, 1665-1670

Esther Bentvelsen New Horizon of Amsterdam

Research

Page 13 from 102

Dutch cloudscapes never bore: even for artists, the clouds and sky are an inexhaustible source of inspiration. The beautiful stacked clouds have inspired many of the famous Dutch painters of the early times for good reason.

Perspective of the Dutch paintings The Dutch cloud sky has long known its fame in Dutch painting. For example, Jacob van Ruisdeal used techniques to lengthen the field of view. By creating dark and light surfaces he managed to lengthen the field of vision. I want to offer the residents of Amsterdam the perspective that the Dutch painters dreamed of.

Joseph Beuys (1921-1986)

Esther Bentvelsen New Horizon of Amsterdam

Research

Page 15 from 102

For artists, too, the clouds and sky are an inexhaustible source of inspiration. According to Beuys, Dutch light changed with reclamation and the visual culture of the 16th and 17th centuries came to an end. Joseph Beuys is now considered one of the key players in 20th-century art. His work ranges from traditional artistic expressions such as drawing, painting and sculpture through multiples and large installations to public performances .

1

2

3

4

Esther Bentvelsen New Horizon of Amsterdam

Research

Page 17 from 102

I have observed several Dutch painters and looked at their painting techniques and how they highlight the Dutch cloud sky in their paintings where the horizon and the distribution of the painting on the canvas also plays an important role.

Characteristics of the historical perspective 1. Unlimited space: the far horizon gives the suggestion of almost endless space.

2. Low Horizon: 2/3 and 1/3 ratio. The light changes the landscape, the landscape changes the light - the horizon as a balance.

3. Usually exposed high cloud sky. Water which is also a large part of the horizontal plane ref lects the light.

4. Large frame and fine scale. Painting as a window to the painted reality.

>12 m high, eye height 1.6m

>16 m high, eye height 1.6m

>20 m high, eye height 1.6m

Esther Bentvelsen New Horizon of Amsterdam

Research

Page 19 from 102

At various points in the inner city of Amsterdam, I conducted a survey of different elevations to see what height is needed to experience the horizon with its expansive views and to recognize the historical highlights.

Elevation I did this in several places accurately comparing three different elevations. At a ground level of 20 meters the historical height accents become visible and the new level is also partly situated between the existing buildings. In this way you have the new perspective, but it is also interwoven with the existing buildings.

>12 m high, eye height 1.6m

>16 m high, eye height 1.6m

>20 m high, eye height 1.6m

Esther Bentvelsen New Horizon of Amsterdam

>12 m high, eye height 1.6m

>16 m high, eye height 1.6m

>20 m high, eye height 1.6m

Page 21 from 102

12-06-2021 with the manager of the Ibis hotel

28-05-2022 13:30 o’clock with photographer Ossip van Duivenbode

28-05-2022 13:30 o’clock with film artist Justin Bentvelsen

Esther Bentvelsen New Horizon of Amsterdam

Research

Page 23 from 102

In addition to the research for finding the correct level, I have been on the roofs several times myself in different places. With hotel owner of the Ibis hotel, professional photographer Ossip van Duivenboode and filmmaker Justin Bentvelsen. Each visit was unique due to the different places and times and the everchanging cloud cover. The visit with Ossip van Duivenbode was at 6 in the morning where there was a lot of fog. It had something mystical about it and illuminated, nearby buildings suddenly came to the fore. Whereas the visit with Justin Bentvelsen showed just the vistas, with a spectacular cloud cover above.

Acoustic tranquility After my first visit to the roofs I immediately noticed, in addition to the visual peace of the cloudy sky, also the acoustic peace. The sound of the city largely falls away on the roofs. You really enter a different world that guarantees its own qualities.

12-06-2021 with the manager of the Ibis hotel

Esther Bentvelsen New Horizon of Amsterdam

Page 25 from 102

28-05-2022 13:30 o’clock: Up on the roof with photographer Ossip van Duivenbode

28-05-2022 13:30 o’clock: Up on the roof with photographer Ossip van Duivenbode

28-05-2022 13:30 o’clock: Up on the roof with photographer Ossip van Duivenbode

28-05-2022 13:30 o’clock: Up on the roof with film artist Justin Bentvelsen

28-05-2022 13:30 o’clock: Up on the roof with film artist Justin Bentvelsen

Lucas Cranach de Oude, The Golden Age, 1530

Esther Bentvelsen New Horizon of Amsterdam

Research

Page 37 from 102

Creating more open spaces for residents suits the open and free character of Amsterdam.

The free character of Amsterdam The painting by Lucas Cranach the Elder typifies the traditional characteristics of the mythical prehistoric era: the ideal of erotic impartiality and freedom of movement. A statement that I think fits well with the open and free character of Amsterdam.

For example, the photos from the 1960s on the next page show how the Vondelpark was used by residents as the Hippie Mecca of Amsterdam.

Vondelpark 1960’s: Hippie Mecca van Amsterdam

Esther Bentvelsen New Horizon of Amsterdam

Vondelpark 1960’s: Hippie Mecca van Amsterdam

Page 39 from 102

Inner London

Outer London 140.0000

120.0000

100.0000

80.0000

60.0000

40.0000

2010

2015

Price increases of houses belonging to inner gardens of London. Avarage property price (£) Source: Financial Times, Liz Rowlinson, June 1, 2021. Sources: Hamptons, Land Registry

Notting Hill private gardens, Londen

2020

Esther Bentvelsen New Horizon of Amsterdam

Research

Page 41 from 102

The metropolitan city of London already has similar places where residents of a certain housing block share gardens. This brings several practical benefits.

Collective spaces for residents London has some 300 open spaces in its inner city with collective courtyard gardens for residents. It increases the livability and also provides a substantial increase in the value of the houses that are part of these gardens. Portman Estate owns these parks and is a member of the garden committee, helping to make daily decisions about maintenance and fees (an electronic key costs £270-£300 per year). These parks are privately managed by the people who live there and strictly supervise their maintenance.

Slag op de Nieuwmarkt, Amsterdam, 1980

Esther Bentvelsen New Horizon of Amsterdam

Research

Page 43 from 102

Another image that has fascinated me is the aerial image taken during the ‘Slag op de Nieuwmarkt’ in Amsterdam (1980). This shows on a large scale an emptiness that goes right through the inner city of Amsterdam. An unprecedented image which, in addition to its devastation, also provided space for temporary interventions. A river-like movement that made a completely new image of Amsterdam.

Large void in the historic center of Amsterdam Aldo van Eyck responded well by creating temporary play areas here. It shows that a large void in the historic inner city offers room for new interpretations and provides a place for residents to meet in a playful manner.

1275

1320

1450

1597

1625

1662

1724

1815

1903

1921

1940

1960

Esther Bentvelsen New Horizon of Amsterdam

Research

Page 45 from 102

Major spatial intervention is nothing new for Amsterdam. For example, Amsterdam has experienced major explosive growth and has always adapted well to it.

Explosive growth of Amsterdam Thus, around 1625 there was an economic boom and immigrants f locked. There was a grand plan to build an entirely new city around the old town with a new fortification. This massive city expansion continued and is still going on today.

Tourists vs Locals, by Erik Fischer, Amsterdam, 2021

Esther Bentvelsen New Horizon of Amsterdam

Research

Page 47 from 102

Increasing crowding at ground level is becoming unsustainable for residents in certain areas.

Unsustainability of public space Below shows a map by Erik Fischer that maps tourism by the number of photo opportunities posted online. It shows well the most congested areas.

Tourists vs Locals, by Erik Fischer, Amsterdam, 2021

Esther Bentvelsen New Horizon of Amsterdam

Research

Page 49 from 102

In my project, I want to investigate the potential of the rooftop landscape in the historic inner city of Amsterdam at the place where the crowding at ground level is the greatest.

Research location The area around the Nieuwe Kerk and its surroundings shows densely built blocks in addition to the crowding at ground level. The area largely consists of new retail buildings which, in terms of possible surface area, gives it the most potential for the creation of a new raised landscape.

Cultural act The only connection you can make now is always through that busy ground level. At the new 20m height, residents can meet each other which creates more social cohesion and a social condensation point in the city.

Visual transquility Giving residents of the city the dutch cloudscape

Acoustic quietness A place where you can shortly withdraw from reality and the busy inner city.

Esther Bentvelsen New Horizon of Amsterdam

Goal

Page 51 from 102

I want to give the residents of Amsterdam the cloudy sky by making places at a new improved Amsterdam level.

Jacob van Ruisdael: View of Amsterdam towards the IJ from the scaffolding around the tower of Amsterdam’s new City Hall, 1665 - 1670

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

Esther Bentvelsen New Horizon of Amsterdam

Plan

Page 55 from 102

A design that is fundamentally shaped by the world below, but which also has its own language of form that responds to the qualities of the world above 20 meters.

Design principles the diagrams show the following design steps: where it gets its own form that ref lects a new landscape on the roofs of Amsterdam: 1. To be completely covered by a plane at 20 meters in height, with accents on the buildings that rise above 20 meters 2. Offset of min. 3 meters from facade for preservation of characteristic streetscape 3. Cutouts over courtyards and alleys for daylighting purposes 4. Sites where the obstruction to daylight for the building below is minimal 5. Connecting planes per building block 6. Unifying it through f luid movement and landscape organic forms.

7. Plane deforms in response to unique experiences at the 20-meter level

Januari 12:00 uur

Minimum Value Maximum Value

16000 48000

Januari 12:00 uur

Minimum Value Maximum Value

16000 48000

Februari 12:00 uur

Minimum Value Maximum Value

16000 48000

Februari 12:00 uur

Minimum Value Maximum Value

16000 48000

Maart 12:00 uur

Minimum Value Maximum Value

16000 48000

Maart 12:00 uur

Minimum Value Maximum Value

16000 48000

April 12:00 uur

Minimum Value Maximum Value

16000 48000

April 12:00 uur

Minimum Value Maximum Value

16000 48000

Esther Bentvelsen New Horizon of Amsterdam

Plan

Page 57 from 102

To test the minimum obstruction of sunlight to the underlying buildings, I did a comprehensive sun study that can calculate the amount of sunlight on the facades at each time point. I tested this for each season at a time when the sun is at its highest.

Minimal sunlight obstruction The solar study shows that the shapes are chosen so that there is minimal obstruction of sunlight on the facades of the buildings. below.a new landscape on the roofs of Amsterdam.

Mei 12:00 uur

Minimum Value Maximum Value

16000 48000

Mei 12:00 uur

Minimum Value Maximum Value

16000 48000

Juni 12:00 uur

Minimum Value Maximum Value

16000 48000

Juni 12:00 uur

Minimum Value Maximum Value

16000 48000

Juli 12:00 uur

Minimum Value Maximum Value

16000 48000

Juli 12:00 uur

Minimum Value Maximum Value

16000 48000

Augustus 12:00 uur

Minimum Value Maximum Value

16000 48000

Augustus 12:00 uur

Minimum Value Maximum Value

16000 48000

Page 59 from 102

Esther Bentvelsen New Horizon of Amsterdam

September 12:00 uur

Minimum Value Maximum Value

16000 48000

September 12:00 uur

Minimum Value Maximum Value

16000 48000

Oktober 12:00 uur

Minimum Value Maximum Value

16000 48000

Oktober 12:00 uur

Minimum Value Maximum Value

16000 48000

November 12:00 uur

Minimum Value Maximum Value

16000 48000

November 12:00 uur

Minimum Value Maximum Value

16000 48000

December 12:00 uur

Minimum Value Maximum Value

16000 48000

December 12:00 uur

Minimum Value Maximum Value

16000 48000

20 m + NAP Nieuw Amsterdams Peil

20 m + NAP Nieuw Amsterdams Peil

IPE 160

20 m + NAP Nieuw Amsterdams Peil

IPE 160

IPE 160

°

39.9

39.9

pe

°

r vis

ua

50.0

l lim

it

°

up

tion

up

rota

eye

25.0°

max

Horinzontal sight line

lower l limit visua

1.

on

line

do

wn

.0°

ati

75

e rot

35.0°

ng sight

x ey

15.0°

relaxi ma

2.

3.

4.

Esther Bentvelsen New Horizon of Amsterdam

Plan

Page 61 from 102

To test the acoustic rest, I enlisted the help of acoustic consultant Jeroen Vughts, senior consultant at LBP sight.

In this conversation, I presented my plan and discussed how the plan could connect to optimise the acoustic quietness at the 20 meter mark.

Acoustic rest The conclusion after conversation with Jeroen Vughts: 1. >20 meter is already above the noise: Many sound ref lections disappear and do not reach the plane: you are already above the sound. The direct sound becomes less but also ref lections become less.

2. Distance from the edge: The necessary distance to the edge is determined by the width and intensity of the sound from the street. The further the balustrade is from the edge, the more the sound will be attenuated.

3. Glass balustrade: A glass balustrade ref lects the sound above it you sit in a kind of niche, the sound goes around it.

4. Shape: No parallel surfaces - f lared curved glass walls cause sound to bounce away.

Nieuwe Kerk and surroundings Total surface area Area walking surface Number of households Number of inhabitants Average surface area per resident

2418 m² 1203 m² ca. 78 ca. 116 10.4 m²

Avg. energy consumption per household Avg. energy consumption block Surface solar panels Total railing surface Power available per person

1239 m³ gas and 2741 kWh electricity 96.642 m³ gas and 213.798 kWh electricity appr. 20m² per person needed 10.6164 m² 90.52 m² per person

13 treden van 185 mm = 2300 mm vrije hoogte

103

97

76 19

55

39

104

63 84

66

19

42

84

42

63

63

76

21

42

103

21

84

58 63

42

21

42

21

42

103

58

21

84

42 63 21

103

84 21 63

42 21

42

21

42

58

58

42

58

21

1.

13 treden van 185 mm = 2300 mm vrije hoogte 97

103

76 19

55

L3 = 1465 m appr. 1758 m² 39

104

63 84

66

19

42 84

42

63

63

76

21

42

L2 = 1181 m appr. 1417.2 m²

103 84

58 63

21

42

42

21

21

103

21

58

L1 = 1070 m appr. 1284 m²

84

42 63 21

103

84 21

63

42

21

42

42 58

L5 = 633 m appr. 759.6 m²

L6 = 688 m appr. 825.6 m²

58

21

42

58

21

2.

1. The total number of inhabitants on the plane 2. Length of the glass plates and the potential energy yield

42

L4 = 3810 m appr. 4572 m²

Esther Bentvelsen New Horizon of Amsterdam

Plan

Page 63 from 102

Research the surface area, look at the number of residents who can use it and the additional benefits it brings.

Number of inhabitants The number of inhabitants calculated from the latest statistics from the municipality of Amsterdam and placed on the surface, approximately 10 m² per inhabitant

Glass surface for energy generation The total length of the glass plates was calculated and the possible energy generation was calculated. Of course, not every part is equally well positioned and the vertical inclination angle is not completely optimal for energy generation. But given the large glass area, it can generate enough energy for all residents.

Elementen Raming Plateau 28 April 2022

1 2 3 4 5

TOTALE DIRECTE BOUWKOSTEN

Vloeren op grondslag

Versterking fundering bestaande woningen Constructie Kolommen, rond 300 mm, 16 mm dik Hoofdliggers HEA 600

Aantal

Eenheid

Ankerpunten t.b.v. trap Onvoorziene kosten

160 stuk

€ 1.500

€ 240.000

80 stuk

€ 1.000

658 m

€ 150

€ 180

600 m

1200 m2 550 m2

Vloerafwerking loopgedeelte: biocomposiet met reliëf Vloerafwerking: biocomposiet, wit, hoogglans Afwerking onderzijde: biocomposiet, wit, mat Balustrades en leuningen Glazen balustrade, 20 mm Aluminium railing Trappen Trappen

Balustrades en leuningen Installaties Water

Regeling klimaat en sanitair

PV panelen in glazen balustrade incl montage Elektra: energievoorziening, verlichting Centrale elektrotechnische voorzieningen Krachtstroom Verlichting

€ 80.000

€ 172.710 € 205.200

€ 40

€ 120

€ 45.000 € 48.000 € 66.000

1 post 75 stuk

€ 500.000 € 5.000

€ 500.000 € 375.000

9 stuk

€ 3.000

€ 27.000

1690 m2 691 m2 3000 m2

€ 118.300 € 31.095 € 135.000

€ 800

€ 790.400

€ 30.000

€ 480.000

€ 20

€ 7.700

€ 1.000

€ 1.000.000

€ 50

€ 19.250

€ 25

€ 9.625

988 m2

16 stuk 32 stuk

€ 40

€ 2.000

385 m2 385 m2

1000 stuk

385 m2

1 post

385 m2

€ 25

€ 5.000

€ 311.395

€0

€ 70 € 45 € 45

988 m

€ 1.610.350

€ 118.440

€ 171

€ 75

€ 1.173.000

€ 33.000

€ 171

Afwerking Dakafbouwconstructies Sparingen t.b.v. trap

Totaal per Onderdeel € 5.553.740

€ 900.000

1200 m2

Hoofddraagconstructies

Totaal

€ 500

220 m2

1010 m

Trekdraden t.b.v. windverbanden

Prijs per eenh.

1800 m2

Secundaire liggers, HEA 400 Kleine liggers t.b.v. plaat

G

€ 590.591,50

Randbalken HEA 160

Stalen vinnen, 10 mm dik

F

€ 60.500,00

Algemene uitvoeringskosten/diversen

Fundering Bodemvoorzieningen

E

€ 103.000,00

Terrein

A

D

€ 169.175,00

Vaste inrichtingen en voorzieningen

Bouwkundige werken

C

€ 5.553.740,00

Installaties

1

B

€ 6.477.006,50

Bouwkundige werken

€ 829.920

€ 39.520 € 544.000

€ 64.000 € 1.051.200

€ 9.625

€ 33.875

€ 5.000

116 bewoners

2381 m2 oppervlak

ca. 20 m2 oppervlak per bewoner Kosten per m2 per bewoner

Kosten ca. 10 m2 loopvlak per bewoner Waarde Amsterdam centrum

Waarde woning na toevoegen plateau Waardevermeerdering 2

Installaties

A

Wtb.: vloeistof- en gasinstallaties Afvoer vaste stoffen

1 m2

116 bewoner 1 m2

10 m2 10 m2

€ 3.000

€ 3.000

€ 30.000

€ 3.480.000

€ 10.000

€ 100.000

€ 10.000

€ 10.000 € 70.000 Waardestijging >200% € 169.175

385 m2

€0

€ 19.250

€0

Cost estimate which shows that the input is increased by more than 200%

bron: D&S Landscape, PVE der Dieren, 2010

van 4 m tot 30m

van 4m tot 10m van 3 m tot 15m van 0 m tot 5m

van 3m tot 5m

van 3m tot 30m van 3m tot 5m

van 2m tot 10m

van 1m tot 10m

van 10m tot 15m

1

Esther Bentvelsen New Horizon of Amsterdam

Plan

Page 65 from 102

Increase in value In this area of Amsterdam, outdoor space is worth as much as indoor space. A cost estimate shows that the cost of making the plane increases by >200% and therefore also gives a substantial increase in the value of your home.

Space for Flora and Fauna At the 20 meter height, the ‘gierzwaluw’ and ‘meervleermuis’ can nest and take shelter. The plane will therefore be provided with nesting opportunities.

m²

IPE 160

1.

IPE 600

IPE 600

IPE 160

IPE 160

2.

IPE 600

IPE 600

IPE 160

IPE 160

3.

IPE 600

IPE 600

IPE 160

IPE 160

4.

IPE 600

IPE 600

IPE 160

Esther Bentvelsen New Horizon of Amsterdam

Plan

Page 67 from 102

Space for Flora and Fauna In addition to the quality of giving the Dutch cloudscape to the inhabitants, you also add value by making planes at the 20-meter mark.

Summarized, these are the following additional qualities: 1. Additional surface: In addition to the additional 10m² of outdoor space, currently vacant attic f loors will have access from the new ground level.

2. Value increase: Value of the investment increases by over 200 percent.

3. Generation of energy: Application of solar cells in glass railing: enough surface to power entire building block.

4. Space for Flora and Fauna: nesting for the ‘gierzwaluw’ and ‘meervleermuis’.

1.

2.

3.

Esther Bentvelsen New Horizon of Amsterdam

Plan

Page 69 from 102

Access The design of the stairs includes the following principles: 1. Slender stairs join the formal language of the plane: a cloudlike f luid movement upward 2. Construction points of staircase to existing building and columns 3. Accessibility from multiple building levels to reduce the distance between the plane and the residents. Comfort for the residents is the focus here.

13 treden van 185 mm = 2300 mm vrije hoogte 97

103

76 19

55

39

104

63 84

66

19

42 84

42

63

63

76

21

42

103 21

84

58 63

21

42

42

21

42

103

58

21

84

42 63 21

103

84

21 63

42 21

42

21

42

58

42

58

21

66

58

Land belonging to the municipality

19

42

84

42

63

63

Land belonging to residents 76

21

42

21

58

21

21

42

42

Connection of rise points to existing cores or floors

21

58

103

84

42 63 21

103

1.

84

21 63

42

21

42

21

42

58

58

42

58

21

13 treden van 185 mm = 2300 mm vrije hoogte 97

76 19

55

39

104

63 84

66

19

42

84

42

63

63

76

21

42 103

21

84

58 63

21

42

21

42

103

58

21

84

42 63 21

103

84 21

63

42

21

42

21

42

58 58

42

58

21

2.

42

103

Esther Bentvelsen New Horizon of Amsterdam

Plan

Page 71 from 102

Access to the elevated park is organised in the following way: 1. Stairs go from resident-owned courtyards, exsiting cores of f loors, so they do not have to cross the busy ground level.

Existing elevator cores of stores are continued to the platform, with the upper portion being of glass.

2. Stairs and elevators land in the middle of the walkway. Once at the top, they get to see the wide view.

Usage Each plane is also accessed by one elevator, to which residents are given an electric key and is accessible at limited times.

Other residents of residential blocks that have realized a plateau will also receive such an electronic key. This allows them to use other areas during the opening hours of the stores.

Page 73 from 102

Esther Bentvelsen New Horizon of Amsterdam

Building Act Section 2.5 Stairs Minimum width of stairs 0,8 m Minimum clear height above stairs 2,3 m Minimum slope 0,22 m Maximum rise 0,188 m

108

Single staircase shall not span a height difference of more than 4 m. Where there is a greater difference in height, an intermediate landing with a surface area of at least 0.8 m x 0.8 m must be provided.

New staircase 20 metres high 108 treads Top step 185 mm Access steps 220 mm After each 22 treads a landing of 0.8m x 0.8m 5 landings with heights of 20 m

76

20 E

55 23 D

39

R2900

13 A 19

Stairs anchored like a long string to the existing building and construction.

151 B

39

38 37

Exterior

2.1 Residence area

36

35

34

33

Aluminium window frame and door turning inwards, colour similar to staircase

32

850

Anchoring stairs to existing exterior wall in consultation with structural engineer

Cut for door opening and access to platforms

31

30

29

Staircase: 20 metres high 108 steps, optrede: 185 mm, aantrede: 220 mm

28 27 26 25 24 23

800

200

Horizontal detail, connection stairs and second floor house

350

Page 75 from 102

Esther Bentvelsen New Horizon of Amsterdam

Exterior 21.200 + P Top of balustrade

Finishing top coat: bio composite with Twaron fibers, high gloss. To reflect the clouds.

20.000 + P New Amsterdam level

108

107

106

40.0

°

105 104

103

102

101

Exterior

2.1 Residence area

New aluminum frame and door turning inwards, powder coated in color similar to staircase, white RAL 9010, matt

Aluminum finish at recess, powder coated to match stairs, white RAL 9010, matt

Aluminum railing same as on the platforms

Staircase beam twice 40x100 mm, 8 mm thick, in consultation with the structural engineer Anchoring of staircase to existing exterior wall in consultation with structural engineer

7000 + P Second floor

Exterior

Glass balustrade detailed in steps. Maximum glass size: 3 meters

Finishing staircase: bio composite with Twaron fibers, white mat. Walking surface anti-slip

Staircase: 20 metres high 108 steps, optrede: 185 mm, aantrede: 220 mm

Base plate for staircase support in consultation with structural engineer P=0 Ground floor

Vertical detail connection staircase to existing building

Ref. John Portman, Westin Bonaventure Hotel, Los Angles, 1974

Esther Bentvelsen New Horizon of Amsterdam

Plan

Page 77 from 102

Maintenance and control The surfaces are an extension of the gardens within the open building blocks, but located at a higher level. It is a communal space for the residents. To create a safe world for the residents, there are two skywatchers who keep an eye on the sky park during the day.

A total of three different discussions with the structural engineer to come up with a clear construction principle.

Esther Bentvelsen New Horizon of Amsterdam

Plan

Page 79 from 102

Construction After several meetings with Rudi Royakkers, senior structural engineer at ABT, we came to the conclusion that for the slenderest of the platforms, the choice will be made for partly a full beam bridge construction and a truss.

ref: Nescio bridge, cycle path to IJburg, length 780 metres, Jum Eyre, Amsterdam, 2006

All-steel girder structure

31980

49125

139650

1800

51660

45

5080

35

13 treden van 185 mm = 2300 mm vrije hoogte 97

80 80 319 319 31980

103

76 19

55

39

104

17

37

5

31980

25 491 25 491 49125

650 650 139 139 139650

63 84

66

19

0 180 0 180 1800

42

49125

139650

84

9110

26

70

42

63

63

60 60 516 516 51660

1800 76

58

42 103

5

21

84

58 63

14 03

51660

6035

10

0

21

21

21 42

103

103 103 103 103 103

76 76 76 76 76 21

95

19 19 19 19 19 13 treden van 185 mm = 2300 mm vrije hoogte

55 55 55 55 55

58

34

42

42

13 treden van 13 13 treden treden van van 13 treden mm =van 2300 185 mm 2300 13 treden 185 mm = =van 2300 185 mm = 2300 mm vrije hoogte mm mm vrije = hoogte 185 2300 mm vrije hoogte mm vrije hoogte mm vrije hoogte 97 97 97 97 97

97

84

39 39 39 39 39

103

76

19

104 104 104 104 104

63 63 63 63 63

55

84 84 84 84 84 42 39

63 21 104

63

13

72

5

66 66 66 66 66

84

19 19 19 19 19

66

42 42 42 42 42

84 84 84 84 84 19

911 911 911000

63 63 63 63 63

42

103

84

84

42

21 63

9110

32

55

42 42 42 42 42

63

21 21 21 21 21

103 84

58 63

21

42 42 42 42 42

2121 21 21 21

103 103 103 103 103

84 84 84 84 84

63 63 63 63 63 42 42 42 42 42

21 21 21 21 21

42

21

6035

58 58 58 58 58

42

42

21

21

42

21 21 21 21 21

58

21

21

4242 42 42 42

42

58

42

21

42

76

6035 6035 6035

63

42 42 42 42 42

5858 58 58 58

42

58

21 21 21 21 21

58

21

Hoofdliggers: Main structure Hoofdliggers:

Hoofdliggers:

42

21

HEA 600 HEA 600 HEA 600

overspanning 9.6 HEA 600maximale maximum span 9.6 meter maximale overspanning 9.6 meter meter maximale(0.6 overspanning 9.6 meter x (0.6 x 16) (0.6 x 16) 16) (0.6 x 16)

Secundaire liggers:HEA 400 Secondary HEA 400 Secundairebeams liggers:HEA 400

Secundaire liggers:HEA 400maximale overspanning 6.4 meter maximum span 6.4 meter maximale overspanning 6.4 meter maximale(0.4 overspanning 6.4 meter x x16) (0.4 16) (0.4 x 16)(0.4 x 16)

103

21 21 21 21 21 21

42

21

58 58 58 58 58

2121 21 21 21

42 42 42 42 42 58

58

4242 42 42 42

42

5858 58 58 58

Randbalken:

HEA 160

Edge beamsHEA 160HEA HEA 160 Randbalken: 160 Randbalken: maximale overspanning 2,56 maximum span meter overspanning 2,56 meter meter maximalemaximale overspanning 2,562.56 meter (0.16 (0.16x 16) (0.16 x x16) 16) (0.16 x 16)

Kolommen: mm, mm dik Columns 300 mm, mm Kolommen: 12 mm dik12 Kolommen:300 mm, 300 300 mm, 1212 mm dikthick Delen smaller dan 3 volledig staal referentie Parts than 3 metres to(cf. bereferentie made(cf. entirely of steel (cf.

Delen smaller dan 3 meter volledig staal Delennarrower smaller dan 3 meter meter volledig staal (cf. referentie fietsbrug) reference fietsbrug) fietsbrug) bike bridge Amsterdam) SparingRecess t.b.v. lift oflift trapgat for or of stairwell Sparing t.b.v. lift trapgat Sparing t.b.v. lift of trapgat Windverbanden m.b.v.using dunne trekdraden inwires x en yin the Wind bracing thin tensile and Windverbanden m.b.v. dunne trekdraden in yy y direction for Windverbanden m.b.v. dunne trekdraden in xxxen en richtingthe t.b.v. stabiliteit purpose stability richting t.b.v.ofstabiliteit

richting t.b.v. stabiliteit

Tegen Against buigen van de plaat: bending ofde theplaat: plate: Tegen buigen van buigen van de plaat: y / 16 =Tegen x yy 16 y/// 16 16== =xx x van twee steunpunten y = overspanning yy of two support points overspanning van twee steunpunten y== =span overspanning van op twee steunpunten x = minimale horizontale maat dunste punt

xx horizontal maat dimension at thinnest minimale op punt x== =minimum minimale horizontale horizontale maat op dunste dunste punt point

Construction principle set up in several consultations with the structural engineer, using the bicycle bridge in Amsterdam as a reference.

Esther Bentvelsen New Horizon of Amsterdam

Page 81 from 102

6. Aluminum deck with small beams that span 2 meters so that plate only needs to span 30 cm cf. specification of structural engineer. Finishing bio composite, seamless

5. Secondary beams according to the manufacturer’s specifications, HEA 400. Edge beams according to the specifications of the structural engineer, HEA 160.

4. Slender parts of all-steel bridge constructions

3. Main structure: Partly a steel girder structure with main girders as per constructor’s specification, HEA 600

2. Columns 300mm, 16mm thick with main beams HEA 600.

Wind bracing (windverbanden) by thin tension wires.

1. Connection to the structural walls of the existing buildings.

Construction principle

HEA 160

HEA 600

HEA 400

HEA 600

Cross-sectional plane: as minimal and thin as possible at a height where you can enjoy the cloudy sky in the crown of the tree.

HEA 160

Page 83 from 102

Esther Bentvelsen New Horizon of Amsterdam

Glass ballustrade detailed in platform.

Maximum glass size: 3 meter. Glass with integrated solar panels in consultation with supplier.

Finishing top coat: bio composite with Twaron fibers, high gloss. To reflect the clouds.

HEA 160

HEA 600

Floor drain and waste garbage can (built-in) with finish similar to plateau Cover gutter for drainage via columns Construction platform Column 300 mm, 16 mm thick Main beams c.h. 9.6 m, HEA 600, cf.

Secondary beams at 6.4 m centres, HEA 400, according to the constructor’s specifications.

Supporting fins, 10 mm thick Beams 40x40 mm c.h. 2000 mm for plate Finishing platform Below 20 meters: Biocomposite, Twaron fibers, texture mat, color white, seamless.

Above 20 meters: Biocomposite, Twaron fibers, glossy texture, color white, seamless.

Walking surface with an anti-slip layer.

Vertical detail connection to existing building: platform

Post 106x60x2700 mm, cf. constructor’s specification

Roof decking

3.1 Third floor

Replace roof tile Tile batten 25x38 mm Gutter shelf 25x130 mm Counter batten 15x45 mm Gutter Gutter bracket Self-drilling screw shear rule wall plate Mineral wool insulation

Healing masonry

Vertical detail connection to existing building: roof

Page 85 from 102

Esther Bentvelsen New Horizon of Amsterdam

Exterior

0.1 Ground floor Existing masonry

-1 Crawlspace

If necessary, strengthen foundation in consultation with structural engineer.

Workfloor 120mm C10/15 with shrink net

Existing foundation with shear wood and longitudinal wood

Vertical detail connection to existing building: foundation

Scale model 1:50 showing the cross sections of the plane with the materials

Esther Bentvelsen New Horizon of Amsterdam

Plan

Page 87 from 102

Material The design goes to accentuate the world above 20 meters.

This means that the material should be as simple and minimal as possible and serve as a kind of canvas for this new world of clouds and historical height accents.

Therefore, I chose the bio composite material with the ingredient Twaron fibers. Twaron is extremely light and five times stronger than steel. It retains its shape and strength despite varying weather conditions and is heat resistant.

Twaron is typically used in the marine, aviation and space industries. These unique properties enable a seamless and smooth surface to be achieved over 100 meters in length.

This ensures that my surfaces can be made virtually seamless which creates a calm image that does not distract from the view.

Bio composite with twaron fibers with anti-slip coating, high gloss

Bio composite with twaron fibers, high gloss for the non walking area

Materialpallet: simplicity in materials, the focus is on the Dutch skyscape

Esther Bentvelsen New Horizon of Amsterdam

Stairs: Bio composite with twaron fibers, matt.

Page 89 from 102

Balustrade plateaus and stairs: Curved glass surfaces with aluminum balustrade

0

Floor plan scale 1:1500 showing the urban incorporation of the plan.

1500

3000

6000

21 42 58

21

31

40

61

82

13 treden van 185 mm = 2300 mm vrije hoogte

103

97 103 76 19

55

39

104

63 84

66

19

42 84

42

63

63

76

21

42

103 21

84

58 63

21

42

42

21

42

103

58

21

84

42 63 21

103

84

21 63

42 21

42

21

42

58 58

42

58

42

58

21

104 76

21 58

97

13 treden van 185 mm = 2300 mm vrije hoogte

103

42

42 21

58

66

82

10

4

84

103

0

Floor plan scale 1:500 showing the urban incorporation of the plan with the rise points

1500

3000

6000

Section scale 1:200

Section scale 1:200 which also shows the underlying storerooms and toilets.

Esther Bentvelsen New Horizon of Amsterdam

Page 93 from 102

0

200

400

800

Scale model 1:500 showing urban incorporation

Esther Bentvelsen New Horizon of Amsterdam

Page 95 from 102

Scale model 1:300 of a building block showing planes with the points of ascent and underlying storerooms

View towards The Dam square

Esther Bentvelsen New Horizon of Amsterdam

Page 97 from 102

View towards the Bijenkorf and Oude Kerk

Esther Bentvelsen New Horizon of Amsterdam

Page 99 from 102

Wide view towards the Koepelkerk

Esther Bentvelsen New Horizon of Amsterdam

Page 101 from 102