Amsterdam Academy of Architecture Graduation Projects 2012-2013 Architecture Urbanism Landscape Architecture 1
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Contents 24 Jurgen Bey, Making wishes
Architecture 26 Jarrik Ouburg, Posing questions 28 Adriaan Aarnoudse, The peninsula rediscovered 36 Gara Beukman, μαζί ‘mazi’ 44 Robert Bijl, FOA [C/M] 52 Txell Blanco Diaz, Vinex Market 60 Steven Broekhof, Bring me Back my Amsterdam 68 Avital Broide, The neighborhood for returning sons and daughters 76 Anne Dessing, Articulating the surroundings 84 Lard Joordens, Antonius. Together Better. 92 Graham Kolk, WoonLab 100 Andrew Page, Teatro Awasa 108 Femke Poppinga, Country Living in the City 116 Bas Schuit, Time for space 124 Immanuel Kwaku Sirron-Kakpor, Voltascapes: Re-thinking Modernity 132 Alena Ulasava, Incubator 2.0 140 Jesse Zweers, LabLoods
Landscape Architecture 148 Marieke Timmermans, Getting involved 150 Marit Janse, Salt crystals 158 Claire Laeremans, The necessity of ruins 166 Ramon Postma, Evening Glow 174 Marlies Rijken, Travelling through time 182 Patrick Ruijzenaars, Waterlands Woud 190 Philomene van der Vliet, Strings Attached 198 Pauline Wieringa, IJpark
Urbanism 206 Arjan Klok, Committed and progressive 208 Sebastian van Berkel, City Motion 216 Anneke Sluijter-Jacobsen, Goud Waard 224 Sanneke van Wijk, New Life 232 Aart Oxenaar, Jury report on Archiprix 2014 nominations Academy of Architecture 237 Master of Architecture – Urbanism – Landscape Architecture 23
Making wishes Jurgen Bey Visiting critic
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Firstly, I want to congratulate the students with being part of a new generation that will strengthen the world professionally, in a time that is so interesting. A time in which boundaries between disciplines blur. The city planner, the landscaper, architect, interior designer, product designer, graphic designer, the fashion designer can work on the same assignments. For the first time, it seems that every discipline can compete for the same projects, for issues that were previously exclusively answered by one specific single field of design. How do we travel? Are we driven by the way the streets are laid or does our GPS determine where the road runs? And when we are on our way, do we hurry towards a bottleneck or set of traffic light and is it important how the landscape around us is organized? Are we mainly on the move or is the road also a place itself? When we build houses, do we follow the architect’s thinking up to the last sill? Or is the building shell sufficient to further complete it to personal taste with the aid of Home Depots and DIY programs? The remaining space is filled in when walls and floors are finished. Supply and demand of the market is a determinant, the market with its good value for money. Do we decide that building codes are too restrictive and result in uniformity? Why not rewrite them the laws so to reveal that building within a matrix yields a much more specific house? As long as you never grow taller than the trees and fill the spacing in between, the architecture can be devised while starting from the house itself. And when making grand landscape plans for black coal areas, we might consider to seduce people to travel around in it. Like you would in a beautifully illustrated atlas, in a landscape full of little gems. No technocratic combat with immersive plans. Just starting and learning form a landscaper who’s drawn plans with a personal handwriting and competes with beautifully illustrated children’s books . A church of concrete exchanges the Sunday rest for a roofless park where the light and rain have free reign. The building develops into contemporary architecture with aisles of a quality that can compete with the common stained- glass windows. Travel back to your childhood without losing track of current times, to pursue the utopia of the kibbutz but in the form of a built campsite. The informal part of meeting now defines the architecture that has been cut up into different structures.
The retirement home mixes with the library, so that oral history can shuffle along in between skypers and internet users, under the sky of a church from different times. A salty Zeeland landscape doesn’t start from landscape development, but from cultural development of the trades and objects native to Zeeland. Like the Romanian mountains where developments remained the same since long and are now in the lead of the trend of slowing down and history that is alive. The landscape speaks the language of today, but doesn’t bow down to the mistakes of progress. The standstill serves as a kind of analogue ‘Apple Z’ that works the land. An Incubator as architectural force, following the example of airports, is seeking an infrastructure and accommodate the meeting of people. How does such a house function and what does it look like? A river is tamed with streams that are collectively owned, by leasing houses and opening the fringes of gardens up to the public, creates a new rugged bocage pastureland. Amsterdam’s IJ waterfront is developed from the color red and floating pontoons, creating a string of floating objects. A path of pink blossom across Amsterdam West strings all seemingly insignificant and almost invisible monuments together and unlocks the city by using greenery. Using the metro to go to a newly developed forest. A forest that brings the water back to its standard level and where Amsterdam citizens scavenge the forest the ground above while being underground. Fly ash presents Rotterdam’s sculpted architecture as a means to form a bond with the unwanted. In short, there is a new generation on its way that embraces large-scale thinking while starting on a much smaller scale. Failure out of the question, because it is a matter of starting and doing with all the resources available. Their tools are the spoken word, illustration, building by hand, making technical drawings for the people who execute them, but also simply by making wishes. The context is the public domain and its collectivity. This is the answer to layer different programs on top of each other. To impose a Dutch cultural morality: ‘He who doesn’t honor the small is not worthy of the greater things’.
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Posing questions Jarrik Ouburg
Head of Architecture Department
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“Learn from yesterday, live for today, hope for tomorrow. The important thing is to not stop questioning.” - Albert Einstein, Relativity: The Special and the General Theory During their education at the Academy of Architecture, students are encouraged to define their personal profile as designers and adopt a position in architectural discourse. This is by definition inherent to the profession, since design in principle always involves making choices, and every choice is personal. For instance, students are free to choose which design projects they follow. As a result, they are implicitly responsible in part for the education they pursue. By taking this responsibility seriously, students have already taken an important step in the development from bachelors to masters level. During the graduation project, the master dissertation of the academy, responsibility increases even further. Students can, in consultation with the head of the department, define their own graduation assignment and choose their own team of supervisors. That is both a luxury and a burden. Whereas the standard teaching procedure is for the tutor to pose a question in the form of a design assignment, during the graduation process the first task of the student is to formulate the right question for himself or herself. What is my graduation subject? What is my attitude to it as an architect? What is my social role in the issue? Is that really relevant? Each good project begins with a well-formulated question of course, and it is then up to the architect to offer a right answer. The architect often knows better than the client what question is actually put to him, and continually questioning the relevance of the question is one of the most important tasks of a critically operating architect. That certainly applies to this class of 2013 graduates, at a time when there appear to be no obvious answers to obvious questions.
What is striking about the class of 2013 is that almost all of them are good at asking the right question. How do I design housing for elderly people in which they themselves acquire a role in defining how they use the building? How can I reuse a large vacant office building in the heart of Amsterdam? How do I design a theatre that is more than just a performance venue? How do I transform an empty warehouse into a collective space for the city? How do I design an office building in which encounters between and collaboration among occupants underpin the scheme? How do I give a church a new purpose for and on behalf of a new generation? What are the possibilities for collective forms of housing in the city? How can I improve the quality of the environment in a Vinex district that is still undergoing development? How can I deploy waste storage to help shape the landscape? How can I use local people and resources to find an alternative to developments imposed from above? How can a new generation shape the urban design and architecture of a kibbutz? How can an empty church be adapted to form a public place of contemplation in the city? How can the qualities of a detached family house be incorporated into a collective residential building in the city? How can shopping and living strengthen each other in a city-centre building? How can I stimulate the development of a neighbourhood or park with individual dwellings? What unites these questions is that they are not spectacular or compelling. Rather, they are very precise. The answers — the graduation projects by the students — are marked by that same precision. Precision at the scale of the intervention, at the level of the spatial tools deployed, and in the elaboration of the schemes. In this capacity to first of all pose the right questions and then offer the right answers, I see a new realism and a new enthusiasm among a new generation of architects.
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Architecture
Adriaan Aarnoudse The peninsula rediscovered A narrative landscape in the Rotterdam harbour
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Adriaan Aarnoudse
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Architecture
Adriaan Aarnoudse The Peninsula Rediscovered A Narrative Landscape in the Rotterdam Harbour
Located in the middle of Rotterdam harbour is a town called Rozenburg, built in the 1960s for port workers. The harbour’s present form is the result of excavating, dredging, raising, strengthening and endlessly digging and depositing sand in the mouth of the River Maas. In the harbour lies a big leftover tract of land, the peninsula of Rozenburg. The history of the peninsula is rooted in the expansion of the Rotterdam harbour and is a remnant of ‘De Beer’ nature area. Since the beginning, the various sites on the peninsula have been used for waste deposit and ground storage. The peninsula is not very inviting to visitors because much of it is inaccessible, not clearly visible and difficult to experience. Consequently, many visitors go to the end and back without stopping. This design deals with the whole peninsula of Rozenburg and features seven interventions in the landscape. Each intervention showcases a specific quality of the site, makes the location easier to access, see and experience, and encourages the visitor to experience more of the peninsula and its environment. The interventions originate in the morphology of the location and in the tectonics of the harbour landscape. The machine-formed landscape is solidified and fixed on every site. Through the use of an innovative form of landfill, new programme will take shape and grow into the landscape. Landscape can become buildings and the buildings can become landscape. Hazardous waste, most of it produced by burning garbage and stabilised by cement, is used to make the seven interventions. The waste is encapsulated at grain scale level, allowing it to be processed without significant aftercare. Usable spaces are formed by making walls, floors and ceilings of concrete based on fly-ash cement. Depositing occurs through layers in the ground made of sustainable landfill material of a hardened granulate of cement-stabilised hazardous waste. The cement used in the concrete for the interventions is coal fly-ash cement based on aluminium silicate as a replacement for portland cement, which is based on calcium oxide and calcium silicate. The cement used by the Romans was also based on aluminium silicate, just like this new geopolymer concrete. The current method of landfill works like a ‘black box’ and needs infinite care. Sustainable landfill is also possible now. With new methods of landfill, an infinitely safe situation can arise within this generation. This is the outcome of a five-year research project with sustainable landfill by different companies and governmental organisations. The project is best illustrated by the 18-metre-long installation of the peninsula (scale 1:500) with plaster models of the seven interventions and corresponding images in the background. This installation is made from a woollen rug with hand-embroidered information such as roads, topography, vegetation and embankments. On the site of the interventions a steel pin protrudes from the rug with an enlarged plaster model of the planned intervention in geopolymer concrete. The waste deposits are left out of the models to show and explain the moulds as excavated structures in their purest form.
Graduation date 10 12 2012
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Commission members Gianni Cito (mentor) Bas Princen Marcel van der Lubbe
Additional members for the examination Klaas Kingma Jan-Richard Kikkert
Adriaan Aarnoudse
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Location of the seven interventions on the peninsula
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7 interventions: 1. viewing tower, 2. bird listening hide, 3. historic pathway, 4. picnic spots, 5. natural resources museum, 6. cafĂŠ and terrace, 7. open-air theatre
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viewing tower
bird-listening hide
historic pathway
picnic spot
open-air exhibition about the port
cafĂŠ with terrace overlooking the water
auditorium or open-air theatre
Architecture
Adriaan Aarnoudse
The bird-listening hide isolates the visitor from the bustling sounds of the port and gives a new stage to the birds.
Halfway along the peninsula a few picnic spots will be made for cyclists and motorists.
A sheltered place for a mobile snackbar or ‘cantina’ with a terrace on the water.
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Architecture
amenities for long-term exploitation, voorzieningen tbv langdurige exploitatie such drainage, aeration,monitoring monitoring zoalsasdrainage, beluchting,
boven-above en onderafdichting, sealed and below with a dmv layer dikkeof laag drainage thick filmfolie anden drainage voorzieningen tbv langdurige exploitatie zoals drainage, beluchting, monitoring
stored wasteafval opgeslagen (maintenance: boven- en onderafdichting, (nazorg: eeuwigdurend) continuous) dmv dikke laag folie en drainage
polluted soil through verontreinigde grond door unforeseen onvoorzieneleaching uitloging opgeslagen afval (nazorg: eeuwigdurend)
verontreinigde grond door onvoorziene uitloging afscheiding ivm verboden terrein fence to prevent access totoegang site for a voor een periode period of 20 yearsvan ca. 20 jaar
afscheiding ivm verboden toegang terrein voor een periode van ca. 20 jaar
huidige situatie afvalberging op de landtong Current method of landfill on peninsula
huidige situatie afvalberging op de landtong
rotsachtig oppervlak nieuwe afvalbergen andere vegetatie
cement-gestabiliseerd gevaarlijk afval (AVI-vliegas, bewerkt tot 'monolith') rock-like surface of new waste mountain, rotsachtig oppervlak nieuwe afvalbergen gefaseerd gestort other vegetation andere vegetatie
cement-stabilised dangerous waste cement-gestabiliseerd gevaarlijk afval nieuwe bruikbare ruimten in het landschap, (AVI fly ash, processed into ‘monolith’) (AVI-vliegas, bewerkt tot 'monolith') gemaakt beton op basis van dumped invan phases gefaseerd gestort poederkool-vliegas-cement ('geopolymer concrete')
beton in bruikbare lagen gestort, nieuwe ruimten in het landschap, new, usable spaces in the landscape made gelijk aan van fasering afvalstorten gemaakt beton op basis van from concrete on basis of geopolymer poederkool-vliegas-cement concrete ('geopolymer concrete')
concrete poured in layers beton in with lagenphased gestort,dumping together aan fasering afvalstorten ofgelijk waste
geen afscheiding noodzakelijk
nieuwe manier van duurzaam afvalstorten op de landtong
nieuwe manier van duurzaam afvalstorten op de landtong
New method of landfill on peninsula
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afscheiding noodzakelijk nogeen separation required
Adriaan Aarnoudse
The 18 meter installation of the peninsula on scale 1:500 (made from a sheep wool rug with hand embroidered information) and the plaster models of the interventions.
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Architecture
Gara Beukman μαζί ‘mazi’
Collective Housing for the Elderly
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Gara Beukman
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Architecture
Gara Beukman μαζί ‘mazi’
Collective Housing for the Elderly
This project arose out of my concern with the way we allow seniors to live. Mazi means ‘together’. The idea of allowing seniors to live together and help one another is universal. Mazi is a design for the centre of Athens, because the gap between the problem and the potential is so wide here. The population of Greece is ageing rapidly in part because of the departure of young people. The current problem with housing for seniors will therefore increase. On top of that, care provided by family members is decreasing. This project shows that derelict premises can be used to create a new residential environment with strong social cohesion and a high spatial richness. Mazi breaks with the Greek tradition of replacing derelict structures with blocks of flats. It strengthens existing qualities and deploys them to improve the lives of seniors. Stratonos, the chosen location, is a transitional area on the route of tourists to the Acropolis. The block selected has been purchased by the Ministry of Culture. Plans have been drawn up to create office space inside the old homes. Because construction started without permission, local neighbours were able to stop the ministry. As a result, the block has stood empty for years. For the design I studied the existing and former situations using measurements of buildings and old photographs from local residents. Old structures have been retained and restored. The new buildings are positioned to create shadow in the alleys and spaces. The outdoor space has been designed with as much care as the interior. Greek people live outside for much of the year. Seats are often positioned opposite the window of a house, encouraging encounters. A space of prayer and a shaded area where residents can come together is located in the rock wall. A building block that has stood empty for years is now revived. Mazi gives seniors a place where they can live together. In Mazi the neighbourhood residents come together, and their laughter and chat bring life back to the neighbourhood. As tourists walk by during the day, local residents gather to play tawli in the shadow, or tend their vegetable gardens in the evening hours, or cool down on the roofs.
Graduation date 08 01 2013
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Commission members Ad Bogerman (mentor) Gianni Cito Ira Koers
Additional members for the examination Anne Holtrop Jeroen van Mechelen
Gara Beukman
New situation
Existing situation
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Architecture
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1 shared kitchen 2 storage space for shared garden 3 shaded space 4 eklisia (prayer space) 5 temporary guest accommodation 0
Ground floor plan
demolition
existing building walls with openings
new building walls
old existing structures retained and restored
new connections
centrally located shared functions
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5m
N
Gara Beukman
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Architecture
cypress wood
sardeloma stuc
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schist stone
Gara Beukman
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Architecture
Robert Bijl FOA [C/M]
Repurposing an Office Building
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Robert Bijl
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Architecture
Robert Bijl FOA [C/M ] Repurposing an Office Building
This project is about the former Fortis head office on Rokin in Amsterdam. It is a big, vacant office building from the 1980s in the centre of the city for which no purpose can be found. On account of the size and the appearance of the building, many parties argue for its demolition, but I think it is too soon to argue for that. The building still has plenty of potential that should first be explored. The creative sector and creative education are the perfect use for vacant commercial properties of this kind. Unlike business or residential buildings, they blend easily into their surroundings, relatively little rebuilding is required given that one can use the spaces in a much more versatile manner, and they can boost the neighbourhood. The start of a new chapter in gentrification. Rokin, the city’s red carpet, is in need of a boost from the creative sector and from education. The photography profession is currently undergoing rapid change owing to the crisis and the shift to digital photography. Two institutes in the sector are the Photography Museum (FOAM) and the Photography Academy (FOAC). Two institutes that operate independently of each other and that could both do with a boost. The FOAC can pull through these difficult times by collaborating with FOAM, becoming visible, and choosing a clear direction. FOAM can grow to become the biggest museum of photography in the Benelux, thus putting the profession of photography on the map. In my graduation project I house both FOAM and FOAC in the former Fortis office building on Rokin, giving it a new lease of life. The result is a new platform for photography that will strengthen FOAC, FOAM, photography in general, and also Rokin. The aim of the project is to find and design a realistic purpose for the location. Cornerstones of the project are the development of FOAC and FOAM and the reuse of existing office buildings in the city. The design is based on the existing structure. The facades and total volume of the building have been adapted to harmonise better with the city and its function. It is divided into various volumes to blend with the surrounding plots. In addition, the volumes are shifted towards Rokin to improve the connection with Nes. Connections are also made with the metro that runs beneath Rokin. By providing various types of exhibition and studio space, the building will enable FOAM and FOAC to grow. Public and semi-public exhibitions improve the position and visibility of the institutions in the city.
Graduation date 24 05 2013
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Commission members Jeroen van Mechelen (mentor) Micha de Haas Hans van Heeswijk
Additional members for the examination Jan-Richard Kikkert Joost Hovenier
Robert Bijl
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Architecture
Existing situation
New situation
Nes square
Public exhibition
Open exhibition
Artificial light exhibition
Daylight exhibition
Narrow exhibition
2nd floor
Explanation of use
Section
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4th floor
Robert Bijl
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SPATIAL PROBLEM RUIMTELIJK PROBLEEM
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START SOLUTION BEGINOF OPLOSSING
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ACCESSIBILITY / GROUND LAYOUT TOEGANKELIJKHEID/ INDELINGFLOOR BEGANE GROND
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WHITE BOX WHITE BOX
Design steps
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FOA[C/M]
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1: Ruimtelijk probleem
2: Begin oplossing
3: Toegankelijkheid/ Indeling begane grond
4: White box
- Dichte gevels - Verhouding profiel NES - Verhoogde begane grondvloer - Verhouding GRAIN tot korrel buurt KORREL - Doorgang steeg
- Gevel verwijderen/ openen gebouw - Constructie/ vloeren behouden. - Begane grondvloer verlagen tot maaiveld niveau.
- Steeg NESplein herstellen. - Toegang metro - Opdelen begane grond niveau. ROUTE - Functies plaatsen naar locatie. Gescheiden door ROUTE doorgangen. - FOAC aan NESplein. - FOAM aan NESplein/ NES. - Winkel aan DAM zijde. - Openbare EXPO aan Rokin/ Metro ingang. - Entree’s in stegen. FOAM tegenover FOAC, FOAM tegenover Hotel
- Plaatsen white box over bestaande constructie. - White boxes voor lichtregulatie functies als expo, galleries & studios FUNCTIES - Begane grond vrijhouden. FUNCTIES - Steeg als scheiding FOAM & FOAC of studios en expo’s
5: Korrel
6: Profiel
7: Route
8: Functies & vloeren
- White box opdelen om korrel omgeving op te zoeken. - White box opdelen naar bestaande constructiestructuur - Bestaand dak/ constructie gebruiken
- Profiel NES opzoeken door white boxes richting ROKIN te plaatsen. - Afstand & zichtbaarheid maken door openbare EXPO in kelder aan ROKIN zijde.
- Bestaande kern met liften. - Verticale routing achter kern. - Verticale route als scheiding Expo's & open functies/ techniek - Brug tussen white boxes - Aansluiting 1e verdieping boxes buiten bestaande constructie. - Altenatieve route aan Rokinzijde overige expo's - Openbare EXPO direct toegankelijk vanaf begane en Metro
- Ruimtehoogtes verdelen. 1 laag tot 3 lagen hoog. - Kern constructie behouden. Voor en achter verschilt naar behoefte. - Functies plaatsen naar licht/ gebruik. - FOAM zalen in white boxes. - FOAC studios in white boxes. - Kantoren, bibliotheek en cafe aan NES zijde om zo dagritme & levendigheid te creeren.
PROFILE PROFIEL
Concept
Design steps
FOA[C/M]
Concept
View from Rokin
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Architecture
Groundfloor view/ Photography Museum/ Exit subway “Rokin”
Second floor view/ Photography Academy
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Robert Bijl
View from Rokin
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Architecture
Txell Blanco Diaz Vinex Market Back to the Present
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Txell Blanco Diaz
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Architecture
Txell Blanco Diaz Vinex Market Back to the Present
This graduation project stimulates the residential quality in a Vinex housing district that is still undergoing development. This is a story about a Vinex district, an endless construction site. Planned in the 1980s for 80,000 people, it is still a long way from completion. Leidsche Rijn is the biggest urban development project ever in the Netherlands and, probably, the biggest such project. Leidsche Rijn is now home to some 25,500. Because the project is still undergoing development, not a single party currently works on the living quality of the district. We find ourselves in a gap between the past and present. By means of a market, I try to create a better public environment and, thus, give today’s Vinex district an identity. It is generally thought that Vinex districts possess no soul or identity, but is that true? The current identity of Leidsche Rijn is that it is not yet finished, but it is precisely the missing pieces of the district that provide space for surprising initiatives and events. The design of the Vinex market is based on interrupting the construction process of a typical Vinex terraced house at the moment the facade has not yet been erected. Since there is no facade, the space inside and all around is open and accessible. Markets in the Netherlands are not permanent, but the squares on which they are held are. The shell of the terraced house makes it possible to hold the market temporarily in and around the building. When there is no market, the building and the space remain open to the public. You can shelter from the rain inside the structures, and instead of a back garden you have a rear court. The decision not to complete the houses or erect the facade means one can add an extra functionality to the concrete shell. But how do you start a new project in an area still undergoing development? For that, we go ‘back to the present’. In contrast to the current process of property development, I stuck close to the end user throughout the development process. That is why this graduation project takes into consideration today’s Vinex district. The Neighbourhood Market, the Photoshopper and other interventions in the public domain are important to gain a better understanding of Leidsche Rijn and were the reason to start immediately with the development of the market. This project is continuing and updates are available at Vinexmarkt.wordpress.com.
Graduation date 21 03 2013
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Commission members Lada Hrsak (mentor) Jochem Heijmans Kamiel Klaasse
Additional members for the examination Asia Komarova Marco Redeman
Txell Blanco Diaz
N E AG D T K R A M
N E AG D RE E D N A
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Architecture
INTERVENTION 1: Where are my neighbours? First meeting place created from discarded building materials lying on the street. Sitting outside and watching how the neighbourhood changes...
INTERVENTION 2: Looking for people... the FOTOSHOPPER group photo. Pinhole cameras make photo shoots lasting 5 minutes. Second meeting place created.
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Txell Blanco Diaz When the Vinex district is fully built, will there be any space for public functions?
Markets in the Netherlands are created between public buildings on streets and squares. They are not permanent but held for just a few days each week.
The vast majority of development in Leidsche Rijn is housing. People live on street level, which is why space for public activities on the street is limited. A market would seem to be impossible here.
It is remarkable that no space for markets has been included in the design of Vinex districts.
A market building can typify our times and the place where it is located. A feature of Leidsche Rijn is that this district is still undergoing development.
The market in the Netherlands takes space; the Vinex market forms space.
If there is no space for markets in Vinex districts, there we will have to create space. If public buildings create squares, what happens when the market itself is the public building that contains the square? Space then remains open for other activities and encounters.
The market stall holders find temporary accommodation for the Vinex market in the shell of a half-built terrace of Vinex homes. A typical view of a Vinex district undergoing development.
The market building in the shape of the shell of a characteristic terrace of Vinex homes forms a square. The space in and around it is always open to the public. A ‘back space’ for the public is created in the place of a back garden.
CONCEPT VINEXMARKT
The distance between the walls is the standard dimension of a Vinex home (5.10 m), comparable to the dimensions of a standard market stall (4 m). Even so, every home is different.
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Architecture
The market always makes use of CLB fusten and functions best in a half-built house.
Vacant
Unused foundations and formwork
1st step in the development process of the Vinex Market
Concrete skeleton
The Vinex Market stops construction here
Insulation and brickwork
Since we decided in advance not to finish the houses or to erect the facade, the concrete shell can accommodate added functionality.
THE STORY OF THE VINEX: Endless construction site
It is difficult to add new ideas to a district still undergoing development. The graduation project will grow in the near future. Right now it is perhaps possible to make the future of this Vinex district more public. That is why various parties have been invited to take part in this project. We start with a temporary square, the first step in the process to develop the Vinex market.
Adding temporary formwork with no big investment creates interest. The local authority and local residents become curious.
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Txell Blanco Diaz
The complexity of a building with a lot of facades. To detail each house of the Vinex market differently, the programming of the formwork is drawn in this way.
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Architecture
Steven Broekhof Bring me Back my Amsterdam
The Poetics of Restructuring
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Steven Broekhof
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Architecture
Steven Broekhof Bring me Back my Amsterdam The Poetics of Restructuring
Cities are growing enormously, and so too is Amsterdam. Most of the new residents and new homes are accommodated on empty plots or in the suburbs. The tendency is for commercial functions to dominate the historic city centre. Commercial pressure pushes housing more and more to the edge of the city and, as a consequence, the dynamics of the historical city centre are determined by socalled spectators. In the process, the city centre loses its meaning for the people of Amsterdam. The premise of this project is to design a strategy in which living and shopping can reinforce each other. In this approach, the historic city centre regains its function as a place for both spectators and participants and regains its position within the city fabric. The location for the project is a warehouse in the very heart of medieval Amsterdam. The existing building was built in the 1970s and features a frame structure, a so-called pilotis plan, that provides a strong and flexible support that can be manipulated easily. After extensive research into possible urban connections with the existing context, I defined five instruments that, taken together, ensure this building will become part of the urban fabric. By strategically cutting and slicing the existing building structure, I create physical and visual connections (3) between the different users, retail facilities (1) and housing (2). Public, semi-public and private courts (4) strengthen identity and create destinations along these routes. The public courts contain through-views that highlight important city landmarks and support special functions (5) attached to these spaces. Every house is positioned between a public and a private court, creating a formal and an informal side. Retail is wrapped in housing from the first floor, reconnecting housing to the street again. Cutting and slicing means that the building can be used in different ways and functions as a three dimensional urban plan.
Graduation date 03 07 2013
Cum Laude
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Commission members Marcel van der Lubbe (mentor) Petar Zaklanovic Floris Alkemade
Additional members for the examination Madeleine Maaskant Herman Kerkdijk
Steven Broekhof
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Architecture
? Structure vision 2040 Municipality of Amsterdam Location: C&A-building Damrak
Spectators
solution today
mix
mutually reinforcing
Involvers
Existing frame structure (pilotis plan)
Matrix for cutting holes
Retail (1)
Housing (2)
Courts (4)
Collective roofgarden/-terrace
Public routes (3)
Privat routes (3)
Special program (5)
Altogether
Concept
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Steven Broekhof
Private Court ‘housing’ (section A)
Semi Public Court ‘playground’ (section B)
Section A
Section B
Public Court ‘citysquare’ (section A)
Private Court ‘kitchengarden’ (section B)
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Architecture
Scenes / dwellings / shopping / moments...
66
Steven Broekhof
Impression from Nieuwendijk
Impression from Damrak
Nightimpression
67
Architecture
Avital Broide The neighborhood for returning sons and daughters
proposal for a new way of living on kibbutz
68
Avital Broide
69
Architecture
Avital Broide The neighborhood for returning sons and daughters Proposal for new way of living on a kibbutz The kibbutz is perhaps the most radical experiment carried out in the twentieth century in terms of housing and community living. I belong to the third generation of this experiment. I was born in Kfar menahem. When I was 6 weeks old I moved from my parents’ home into a home for children along with other babies. We lived and slept in this home, which was initially a kindergarten and later our classroom. Despite how it may sound, we were happy children. We were surrounded by spacious lawns, a safe distance from any danger, with no worries or concerns. The members of the kibbutz loved and believed in their way of life, at least most of the time, and created a world for us that was filled with good and plenty. This was the kibbutz. A change happened when I was in fourth grade. The kibbutz decided to switch to family sleeping arrangements. Literally overnight, all of the kibbutz children stopped sleeping in the children’s houses and began to sleep at home with their parents. This daring step taken by the members of the kibbutz threatened to destroy their basic, communal ideals and ideology. The change was both social and ideological. A society that supported and believed in the value of equality had become a society based on individuality. The family became the primary focus of daily life, while the communal, cooperative and collective way of life slowly dwindled away. Over a period of some fifteen years, the kibbutz underwent processes with far-reaching consequences. The primary results included the decision to establish residential areas for young sons and daughters who were born on the kibbutz, departed over the years, and wanted to return home to live and raise their new families on the kibbutz. My project formulates the next stage in the urban evolution of the settlement. What kind of urban strategy suits the ideological changes that leave their mark on the kibbutz? A strategy that ensures both the preservation of collective memory and future development options based on the ideology of kibbutz planning perception. How can its nature be redefined through architecture? The final product is a new model for housing and residential neighbourhoods on kibbutz. I introduce a new type of architectural and spatial structure, based on the values and qualities of historical space, but offering new residential solutions for the modern needs of the individual, without harming the unique kibbutz tapestry. This prototype can be applied to any other kibbutz.
Graduation date 15 11 2013
70
Commission members Micha De Haas (mentor) Holger Gladys Zvi Efrat
Additional members for the examination Matthijs Bouw Madeleine Maaskant
Avital Broide
The Kibbutz as an extended house The kibbutz can be described as an extended house for an extended family. A house comprised of many different kinds of indoor and outdoor rooms, with different degrees of individuality and collectivism.
71
Architecture
Collective rooms
Children’s rooms (houses)
Members’ rooms
72
Avital Broide
The large Lawn The central square. The place where people gather together from all corners of the kibbutz on weeknights, on the eve of holidays, on days of sadness, and on joyous occasions. Shaded in different tones each time, yet always connecting us together as one big family.
Intimate garden To play, to eat supper, to sit with mom and dad, to entertain, to read the paper, and to go inside only after nightfall. The garden is another room of the house.
Intermediate lawns Lawns have names and are used as meeting points and landmarks. Their official position is never defined, but scattered everywhere they merge between all the rooms into one continuous fabric.
Collective zone
Children’s room: In the children’s house the corridor connected all the bedrooms. This was the place to get together right before bedtime, and in the middle of the night when you couldn’t sleep. It leads to the telephone, the intercom, the bathroom, and outside to your parents’ place.
The room had four walls, a hallway door, a window with a curtain at the back, 4 beds, 4 nightstands, and 4 night lights. It was possible to close the door, but no one ever did.
The bed and nightstand were the only personal space for privacy in the entire room, in fact in the entire children’s house. The bed behind the door was always the one most in demand.
Individual zone
73
Architecture The stepped path is like a little sidewalk. I already felt at home on the sidewalk leading to the building. A piece of pathway branched out to the parents room, like a gateway leading into another world, a capsule of protection within the never-ending collective space.
Doors were never locked. When we did start to lock them, everyone knew where the keys were (under the planter, the tablecloth, the doormat and so on). As a little girl, I remember walking alone, crossing on my own route the lawns that stretched all the way from the children’s house to my parents room. The lawns are always alongside the paths, until sometimes, without notice, they become the path itself.
Shortcuts
Landscape & housing
Collective intermediate space
Spatial sequence
74
Zoning layers of intimacy
Layers of intimacy
Outdoor rooms
Living-movement space
Avital Broide
Urban section
75
Architecture
Anne Dessing Articulating the surroundings
76
Anne Dessing
77
Architecture
Anne Dessing Articulating the surroundings
This project is a study about how to realise special types of single-family housing in Amsterdam. Urbanism in Tokyo was a major inspiration for this project. The choice of this theme arose out of a personal fascination and a social motivation. Living in Tokyo I lived in Japan in 2009. During my time there I fell in love with the houses in the big cities. In Tokyo there are a lot more self-built houses than in Amsterdam, and because of the high prices the houses are often sculptural objects set on very small plots. There is a constant search for creative solutions to make the house a pleasant place. Furthermore, the individual wishes of a house’s occupants turn architecture into something beautiful. It’s not just the houses in Tokyo that fascinate. The urbanism does too. The design of detached houses leaves enough space for a continuous process of transformation. It’s easy to replace the houses without destroying other structures. While the main structure of the city remains unaffected, the relationships between individual houses can change. They provide space for new forms of housing and new forms of social cohesion. My observations of life in Tokyo formed an interesting starting point in finding new strategies to build houses in Amsterdam. Living in Amsterdam Living in the city is increasingly popular, but it’s hard to find an affordable home. The municipality of Amsterdam would like to increase the density of the city, but there is not enough money because of the economic downturn. At the same time, developers refuse to take any risks. The houses that are developed now are mainly built by private developers. During my graduation year I tried to find new ways of planning, using Japanese planning as a reference, and taking my own wishes for a home into consideration. I studied the tools the Japanese use to plan their city. A big difference between Tokyo and Amsterdam is land ownership. In Tokyo, families own their piece of land; in Amsterdam the municipality owns almost all the land. I’ve tried to discover what the effects of this difference are and tried to find a strategy in which the positive effects can help neighbourhoods in Amsterdam. Designing houses The key to my project was to make the most of the will of people to live in Amsterdam. Because of the great demand for housing in the city, people are willing to make concessions in terms of standards. I found it interesting to use housing as a tool to give unpopular neighbourhoods a boost. In the three chosen test locations I designed houses in places that were never seen as possible residential locations before. I designed a house for myself on a plot and, after analysing my design, I drew up a short list of strict rules that the design of the house needs to comply with. And then I tried to find a way to include all the other houses. I wanted to create a better environment with these rules and ‘plot maps’. In this way, I’ve created a win-win situation. More special homes, nicer neighbourhoods. Graduation date 07 11 2012
78
Commission members Anne Holtrop (mentor) Felix Claus Marieke Timmermans
Additional members for the examination Laurens Jan ten Kate Mariette Adriaanssen
Anne Dessing
Model of Zeeburgerpad in various phases
79
Architecture
147 146
300 m2
â‚Ź5
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55-57
000
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28-29 20 -22 100 m2 13-14
50 m2
â‚Ź1
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Zeeburgerpad site. From left to right: current vacant properties, strategy of small plots on existing foundations and floor of a property, projection on piece of Tokyo creates small neighbourhoods
Frankendael site. From left: current development with north-south orientation, living unit and the profile between the units, leftover spaces defined, position of houses along entrance street
Rembrandt Park site. From left: existing paths, existing water structure, trees cut by the infrastructure, cut-outs interpreted as plot map, living among the trees
80
Anne Dessing
Model of house on Zeeburgerpad
Model of house in Frankendael
Model of house in Rembrandt Park
81
Architecture
2 1000 m2
4 3100 m2 3 500 m2
1 900 m2
5 4500 m2
9 1500 m2
5 2200 m2 6 2500 m2 10 2000 m2 7 1000 m2
11 850 m2 8 1200 m2
14 3900 m2 12 1200 m2 28 900 m2
15 550 m2
13 2300 m2
18 850 m2
16 1100 m2
27 1700 m2
19
17 3300 m2
1400 m2
23 1300 m2 20
26
22 2000 m2
24 5000 m2
2300 m2
1100 m2 Map of plots and rules Rembrandt Park Lease a plot equipped with a water and electricity connection
25 400 m2 21 3200 m2 27 1200 m2
No cars allowed No felling trees No fences allowed around plots; use the outer row of trees as a buffer zone Place a half-sunken sceptic tank Maintain the leased ground
28 900 m2
29 1400 m2
30
2200 m2
31 2500 m
2
32 900 m2
Build a volume with a footprint of maximum 25 m2 Volume may not protrude above the treetops Construction materials to correspond with the weight and size of the maximum allowable delivery truck on the park pathway.
82
Anne Dessing
Top: section and plans, scale 1:200. Above: images of interior
83
Architecture
Lard Joordens Antonius. Together Better. Redevelopment of the Antonius Church by and for the next generation
84
Lard Joordens
85
Architecture
Lard Joordens Antonius. Together Better. Redevelopment of the Antonius Church by and for the next generation
My roots lie in Venlo-Blerick, where I lived from my birth until I was 18. In the Catholic south it is almost inevitable that you come into contact with church traditions at an early age. A visit to the church was, and is, an experience for me, not for religious reasons but spatial ones: the silence, the resonance of the tall space, the quality of light, the scent of incense. Churches possess a mysterious quality. There is one particular church in Blerick that arouses more than the usual curiosity. It is the Antonius Church, designed by my grandfather Baan Titulaer in collaboration with Jozef Fanchamps. This church was built in 1960 to replace the pilgrim church blown up by the Germans during the war. The building is a typical example of a church from the post-war reconstruction period. A geometric nave of concrete, steel, brick and glass with a free-standing spire and an adjacent low-rise building. The church was a model for modern Christianity and fulfilled an important function as a meeting place in the neighbourhood. Owing to the strong decline in the number of church-goers, many church buildings are now threatened with abandonment. Finding a suitable use for a place considered holy by Catholics is a challenge. The level of amenities in towns and villages in Limburg is high, which means that demolition is unfortunately often seen as the only solution. Big churches from the post-war reconstruction period are particularly threatened because they do not enjoy a protected status or a long history. That is also the case with the Antonius Church. This problem forms the background to my graduation project in which I breathe new life into the most important work of my grandfather. I discovered a new purpose for the church in combination with housing for the elderly and new accommodation for the existing but poorly functioning library. This combined public-private function responds to the big demand for (care) housing for the rapidly growing elderly community in Limburg. What’s more, the church retains its function as a place of gathering for the community. The purpose of weaving a public function with a residential function is to stimulate encounters between elderly people and the neighbourhood in order to combat the biggest problems that the elderly have to contend with: tedium and loneliness. The combined function makes it possible to give the library the character it deserves as an important social building. Connections between the two functions are facilitated, but not enforced, by a special route through the building. Because the building does not enjoy any protected status, there is freedom not only to transform the interior but also to open up the introvert end facades to the surroundings. The building is located at a point that links the recreational Maas corridor and the village centre of Blerick. Opening up the existing end facades and redesigning the church forecourt reconnects the building both spatially and functionally with the town centre, and Blerick once again faces the River Maas. Analysis reveals that a geometric pattern - a symbolic reference to the Bible – forms the basis for the existing building. This invisible basis, which provided the starting point for the floor plan and facades of the church, is once again used as a design element and rendered visible through the building programme. Extending this underlying structure both spatially and structurally adds a new layer to the existing building. In this way, the design harmonises with the existing church and various generations merge to form a new entity. Together better.
Graduation date 26 02 2013
86
Commission members Marlies Boterman (mentor) Marnix van der Meer Oana Rades
Additional members for the examination Bart Bulter Peter Defesche
Lard Joordens
87
Architecture
Facades, new situation
prive prive prive
publiek
Living above public building Principle division between public and private: limited interaction between functions
Structural principle
publiek prive prive publiek
Living in public building Public space around dwellings: high degree of interaction between functions.
Spatial concept
Existing Antonius Church with forecourt, viewed from Antoniuslaan
88
Dwellings in relation to library Addition of 1.5 layers of housing within envelope of existing building. Library both above and below housing.
Dwellings in relation to facades. Living units along facade with outdoor space within facade. Access along axis of building. Collective space as transition between public and private
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Antoniusplein
New situation
Existing church space with facetted ceiling
View of reading room beneath existing ceiling
89
Architecture
bezoekers bewoners
Longitudinal section indicating access for residents and visitors
Zorgambitie tijdens wederopbouw Wonen en zorg gecombineerd, voor alle ouderen
Current development of care Division of living and care, remaining in the home Living in combination with home care and home automation
Care concept
View of library, side aisle
90
View of communal space on 1st floor
Ambition Communal living: stimulating citizenship in which professional care is limited
Lard Joordens
1st floor 8 living units with shared space
2nd floor 4 living units with shared space Reading space
3rd floor Reading room and social space
Floor plans
Vertically connected dwelling
Horizontally connected dwelling
View of living room in horizontally connected dwelling
91
Architecture
Graham Kolk WoonLab
Collective Living in the City
92
Graham Kolk
93
Architecture
Graham Kolk WoonLab Collective Living in the City
What does a living environment look like when people join forces and help one another realise housing wishes or collective luxury that could not be achieved by individuals alone? In this design I examine the added value of collective forms of housing in the city, in which the collective residential building is more than the sum of individual living units. The study focuses not so much on individual living units or on urban ensembles, but on the space in between them, the collective space. In my opinion, here lies the answer to many current questions concerning the issue of housing. The aim is that the living environment for both the city (the public domain) and the resident (the individual occupant) forms an added value. The urban plan consists of four new blocks, which blend with the former tram depot (by means of industrial roof form and materials) and the 19th century building blocks (by means of plinth, body and roofscape). Between the new blocks, a rich and vibrant housing and living climate emerges, one that is translated into the neighbourhood square, the city garden, the residential street and the social courtyard. In the elaboration of the residential block, emphasis is put on the additional programme elements and the public and semi-public spaces used sometimes by the public, sometimes by the housing collective and sometimes by the individual, and add value to living in the city. It is precisely this play between group and individual that is a recurring theme in the design. The urban dimension of the outer side of the block expresses a group, a single entity, and only then the underlying programme. The inner side is very different. It is an introvert landscape of terraces that provides a human scale. This is where the individual resident can personalise the space around the block and give it colour through the niches. The transitions between house and city, or house and courtyard, are designed for each situation, and the transition between the two is very flexible, often literally, because sometimes this is wafer thin and sometimes stretched into a transitional zone where both the visitor and the local resident feel at home.
Graduation date 10 07 2013
94
Commission members Marcel van der Lubbe (mentor) DaniĂŤlle Huls Tom Jonker
Additional members for the examination MariĂŤtte Adriaanssen Florian Schrage
Graham Kolk
95
Architecture
Perspective showing integration in surrounding city context
Context
Existing situation
Decor of urban walls
Forming streets with building development
Making smaller blocks + relation with context
Accessibility and interaction
Ensemble, individuals make the ‘family’
Character of urban space
Articulation harmonises with existing blocks
Roof shape as intermediary
96
Graham Kolk
Urban plan
Collage, neighbourhood square
Collage, urban garden
Collage, residential street
Collage, social courtyard
97
Architecture
View of courtyard with theatre seating
The conventional Amsterdam building block
Principle section
98
Central and visible courtyard access
Courtyard provides access to every home
Terraced landscape: interaction and typologies
Graham Kolk
View of roof terrace with teahouse and herb garden
P
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Making the most of possibilities for encounters
Route with shared programme
Green route
Relation with programme and types of outdoor space
Block = unit and symbolises the collective
Structure of floors, plates and openings
Route is incorporated in structure
Facades as abstract structural game
Fragment
View of facade
99
Architecture
Andrew Page Teatro Awasa
100
Andrew Page
101
Architecture
Andrew Page Teatro Awasa
The national theatre, Sentro Pro Arte (Centre for Art), is a venue for the performing arts. For decades this was the only theatre on Curaçao, where all forms of art and drama were held. No matter what the performance, it was a great experience for many Curaçao people. People donned their Sunday best to come here. Sentro Pro Arte was forced to close its doors in 2002, unfortunately, owing to a lack of maintenance and poor management. The current government has recently acknowledged its readiness to invest in the dilapidated theatre which, it is worth mentioning, its located in a valley between an office park and a residential district. Besides the fact that the orchestra pit fills with water when it rains heavily (a problem that can be technically remedied), there is a major lack of public transport in the region. This means that the current location is unsuitable for a theatre. In addition, other functions that could make the theatre profitable cannot be added because the location is unsuitable. As a small island with a population of just 150,000, it is impossible to attract travelling shows that could fill the theatre seven days a week. In other words, without additional functions inside the building, it will have to rely fully on government support, thereby making the venue too vulnerable. A solution would be to relocate the theatre to the city. This would allow it to accommodate other functions and thus remain financially sound. What’s more, the theatre adds an economic and social impulse to the city. The new theatre is located in Otrobanda (one of the city districts of Willemstad), next to a square, which has proven its effectiveness since its construction in 2000. The building is the final piece of the last open wound of a wall destroyed in the big fire of 1969. The bustle in the alleys of Willemstad, so characteristic of the residential culture of the city, reappears fully in the building. These small alleys, which make the building accessible to the public, open onto a well-shaped square that forms a place of gathering. Bordering this well-shaded square and the narrow alleys is the commercial plinth, which increases the retail stock in the city. In addition, these spaces combine with the lettable office space and rehearsal space to generate regular income. The use of the theatre is increased by making the circulation and related spaces public, thereby also making the theatre easily accessible for everybody. As a result, the restaurant and bar can operate independently of theatre performances. The alleys, which cut straight through the building, result in a division of the building that is typical of the fragmented urban structure of Curaçao. The building harmonises with adjacent buildings in terms of height and features a distinctive interpretation of the characteristic hip roof. The facade openings are similar in proportion to the fenestration of surrounding facades. And the various colours of the facades ensure that the structure blends with surrounding buildings, definitively completing the west facade of Brion Square after forty years.x
Graduation date 22 11 2013
102
Commission members Uri Gilad (mentor) Mathis Bout Rick Bruggink
Additional members for the examination Machiel Spaan Winfried van Zeeland
Andrew Page
103
Architecture
model
concept
primary alley
secondary alley
tertiary alley
connection with surrounding buildings
alleys that open onto roofed square
commercial spaces
theatre spaces
foyer / circulation spaces / support services
ground floor
104
first floor
Andrew Page
site
elevation
section
105
Architecture
plaza with shop
foyer
106
Andrew Page
main hall
107
Architecture
Femke Poppinga Country Living in the City A House for Gijs
108
Femke Poppinga
109
Architecture
Femke Poppinga Country Living in the City A House for Gijs
Gijs, 11 years old, moved at a young age from the centre of the city to a house with a garden outside the city. There are many others like Gijs, many other young families who leave the city for a house with a garden. Such families would like to stay living in the city, with work and school within biking distance. But there is no housing that can convince these families to remain in the city. What is more, the presence of families in the city is vital to the quality of life in the city. This project, therefore, is a search for a residential building in the city centre that offers an attractive urban alternative for a house with a garden outside the city. The qualities of the free-standing house with a garden, which Gijs and his parents left the city for, provide the model for a collective residential building in the centre of the city. Housing units, workspaces and outdoor spaces are stacked and rotated around an open, collective core. This arrangement weaves inside and outside space together throughout the entire building. The private outdoor space connects each housing unit openly to the collective core, thereby creating a sense of community. Residents become neighbours again. Carefully designed sight lines and transitions from collective to private space ensure sufficient privacy. Each home enjoys views of the city, some of them beyond the garden, in three directions.
Graduation date 01 07 2013
110
Commission members Gus Tielens (mentor) Anouk Vogel Marcel van der Lubbe
Additional members for the examination Paul de Vroom Marc Reniers
Femke Poppinga
111
Architecture
Plattegrond 12e verdieping
Outdoor space directly connected to stairwell
Mills once lined the city ramparts
112
Living will soon mark where the city ramparts once were
Femke Poppinga
Plan with possible arrangement above (C = 25 m2 workspace, D = 30 m2 studio)
Floor plan with possible arrangement below (A = 110 m2 apartment, B = 55 m2 apartment)
Section of apartments
Apartment adjacent to outdoor space connected openly to stairwell
113
Architecture
Neighbours, outdoor space and apartment types
The building viewed from Stadhouderskade
Facade: left, front, right, rear
114
Femke Poppinga
115
Architecture
Bas Schuit Time for space a patio for the city
116
Bas Schuit
117
Architecture
Bas Schuit Time for space A patio for the city
Heaven has come down and is all around us, in shards on earth Kees Fens: writer/critic, lived in the Chasséstraat and parishioner of the Chassé Church. Life in inner cities is under more and more pressure because of the increase in density and because society focuses on the individual, growth and achievement. I started this graduation project with my personal experience, when I needed a place in the city where I could escape the everyday buzz. Amsterdam West is an area where public space is used intensively. Wouldn’t it be great to have a place where you could literally take some distance? In addition, the municipality of Amsterdam recognises a need for ‘urban oases’ that form buffers to surrounding noisy or active places. People can use these oases to wander, stare, think, catch a breath or recharge themselves. And today, because of the declining role of religion in society, people are increasingly searching for meaning in life. That is why, as Nietzsche stated in 1882, we need open spaces with arcades where we can ‘dwell in ourselves’. I used the unoccupied Chassé Church to create such an urban oasis. This is a huge public building, an institute that gave context to life. Opening up its structure can give new meaning to this memory of religion and house a new sort of public space. By treating the building and its surroundings as a landscape, the occupant can now freely use the site with its lanes, fields and vistas. Three zones or ‘rings’ are introduced to structure the site and give more depth to how it is experienced. These rings create spaces, make routes and form boundaries, giving step-by-step guidance to the users away from the bustle of the city. The first ring is the most public, one step away from the concrete jungle. One walks onto the gravel surface where there is space to meet beneath the sycamore trees, play jeu de boules under the chestnut trees, or remember the thoughts of Kees Fens at his monument. A few steps up from this field you stand between the arches of the buttresses of the old church, about to enter the patio garden. You can walk around, cross the main paths or walk the narrow paths to reach a bench in the middle of the plant beds. The new focal point in this patio is a linden tree, traditionally known as a protector of the community. At the back a monumental staircase rises 4.5 metres up to the 7-metre-high concrete ring with its closed outer facade. Light plays a specific role in walking through the space between the old church walls and the concrete facade. It offers guidance by lighting up the corners, changing moods throughout the day, and lending character to the different places, which vary from a completely open view of the courtyard, to filtered views, to no view at all, making it one of the most secluded public spaces in town.
Graduation date 02 07 2013
118
Commission members Ad Bogerman (mentor) Ira Koers Bart Bulter
Additional members for the examination Florian Schrage Gianni Cito
Bas Schuit
119
Architecture
Creating distance from your everyday life
Chassékerk, front view
Chassékerk, side view
Chasséker, interiour
Chassékerk, section
Using space for staring, wandering, etc.
Urban oasis as buffer
Reference: Mariavall, Sweden
Concept model
Cross section, showing gravel field, patio garden and concrete ring
120
Bas Schuit
Street view, showing open field, patio and concrete ring
Vista from balcony, literally taking some distance from the city
121
Architecture
Arcade walkway
Pool with light from above, a completely secluded public space
122
Bas Schuit
Personal space along the arcade with filtered view into patio
Greenery creates intimate spaces in patio
123
Architecture
Immanuel Kwaku Sirron-Kakpor Voltascapes: Re-thinking Modernity
Redevelopment proposal of Danyigba, a Volta Region New Town in Ghana
124
Immanuel Kwaku Sirron-Kakpor
125
Architecture
Immanuel Kwaku Sirron-Kakpor Voltascapes: Re-thinking Modernity Redevelopment proposal for Danyigba, a Volta Region New Town in Ghana
In the years shortly after Ghana gained independence in 1957, modernism was made instrumental in preparing the country for a promising future. To cater for rising energy consumption, a huge power dam reservoir was built by making use of a catchment area of the Volta River. Many villages in the area around the original river needed to be relocated to make this possible. An international team of planners and architects developed the blueprints for this major operation. A large percentage of these plans have been executed, although not always according to the original ideas. At the moment, approximately fifty years after the commencement of the Volta River Project, one can conclude that the foreseen development hasn’t reached the area or its inhabitants. The plans implemented by the Volta River Authority (VRA) for the resettlements have failed, because they neglected the existing culture while modernist ideologies were imposed upon the community. Strict division between functions, a formal and rigid educational system, strict control of building that prescribed materials and types of houses: all of these were ingredients in a forceful development plan that lacked a link with the people it was developed for. The redevelopment needs of Danyigba bring to the surface the successes and shortfalls of the original top-down plans. Rethinking Modernity aims to develop a bottom-up strategy at several scales for Danyigba, one of the cities of the resettlement programme. This strategy may lead to a meaningful perspective for the local community. A master plan was designed and an urban axis developed, spanning between a community centre and a training institute. Additionally, attention was given to housing along the axis to illustrate how the strategy could be implemented here. The redevelopment plan for Danyigba repairs these failures by implementing a model that goes beyond building and defines a new role for the architect. The redevelopment plan restructures the existing and weaves in new elements and impulses that may ultimately generate new forms of income, self-training, reconnection to the outside world and general development. Education is a key driver of development in the proposal. Practical training for building, health care, car repair, beauty, fashion, etc. is intertwined with basic theoretical education on reading, writing, mathematics, etc. The proposed buildings make innovative use of local materials and skills, and borrow from other professions, like boat building and weaving of fishing nets. The steps to the realisation of the buildings are planned through an educational workshop run by the architect, through which a local training group is introduced to harness new innovative building skills, resulting in the realisation of the first buildings. The builders will play a role in the next steps in the development plans, either communal or private. Design principles are based on local uses, materials and climate conditions and form a strong basis for the buildings, turning the architect into an enabler.
Graduation date 20 12 2012
Commission members Berend van der Lans (mentor) Janneke Bierman Chris Scheen External commissioners Joe Osae-Addo
126
Additional members for the examination Bart Bulter (chair) Tom Bergevoet
Immanuel Kwaku Sirron-Kakpor
second skin
construction
core skin
the base
Headmaster House
127
Architecture
TAMALE
52
43 48
42 41
45
49
44
47
40
39
46
37 38 36
35
30 29 27
28
26 24
32
KUMASI
18
31 1
2
3 5
Obuasi
Kibi
4
12 11
Tafe
9 8 6
KOFORIDUA
Danyigba
20 19 17 16
15 14 13
6
Research Location
25
34
10
HO
Akosombo Dam & Power House
50
51
Akwatie
ACCRA Prestea
Tema Sea Port and Smelter
Tarkwa Cape Coast Sekondi
Takoradi
Kaiser Engineers Reassessment proposals and subsequent construction. 1959 - 1966
Danyigba
Loss of identity No feeling of ownership Less community bonding Unable to build and maintain the community Loss of craftsmanship use of local material and building methods Internal immigration - Urbanisation
on e
La ne
Eco Farm
Ba c
kb
• • • • • •
rezoning concept
Reinvent traditional building methods and local materials
Backbone lane model
128
kb
Zone B Re-Blocking co m
Ba c
Design Problem
on e
La ne
Modernization of Ghana and Volta River Authority Project
Host City
mu
nit y
gr
ee na ry
community greenary
Re-Blocking Zone B
Eco Farm
Immanuel Kwaku Sirron-Kakpor
Health
Nursery and Pharmacy
Environment
Garment making Tailoring and Fashion Design
Automotive engineering
Landscape, Sun and Wind
Auto-mechanic, Auto-welding and other allied auto-engineering services
Health
Aqua & Agriculture
Cosmetology
Nursery and Pharmacy
Fish Breeding & Nursery, Plant Nursery
Adult education
Hairdressers and Beauticians
Basic Numeracy, Literacy Training, Library, ICT
Cosmetology
collective
Hairdressers and Beauticians
Building Construction Masonry, Carpentry, Aluminium and Metal fabrication, Electricals
Garment making
departments under one roof/one gate compus
Building matters Generic building method = Reinvent traditional building methods with local materials
+
+
Cosmetology
public
=
Basic Numeracy, Literacy Training, Library, ICT
Nursery and Pharmacy
Garment making
Adult education
Tailoring and Fashion Design
Basic Numeracy, Literacy Training, Library, ICT
Automotive engineering
Auto-mechanic, Auto-welding and other allied auto-engineering services
private
Fish Breeding & Nursery Plant Nursery
Automotive engineering
Auto-mechanic, Auto-welding and other allied auto-engineering services
Building Construction Masonry, Carpentry, Aluminium and Metal fabrication, Electricals
network of departments EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMME
THEMATIC PROGRAMME
KEYWOORDS
Building Construction Masonry, Carpentry, Aluminium and Metal fabrication, Electricals
Aqua & Agriculture
Social economics Attractive social economic , living and learning environments
Fish Breeding & Nursery Plant Nursery
Adult education
Hairdressers and Beauticians
Health
Aqua & Agriculture
Tailoring and Fashion Design
DYNAMIC LANDSCAPE OF EDUCATION Village as network of educational facilities
Concept
Clothes washing
Automotive engineering
Water
CHILDREN DAY CARE CENTRE
Auto-mechanic, Auto-welding and other allied auto-engineering services
Aqua & Agriculture
Toilets
Fish Breeding & Nursery Plant Nursery
Cosmetology Hairdressers and Beauticians
Cafetaria Amphitheatre Outdoor collective program
Landing Stage
PERFORMING AREA FOR CENTRAL STAGING
Entrance Parking
Gar Garment ma making
Tailoring and Tailo Fash Fashion Design
Entrance Parking
Amphitheatre
CHIEF/ QUEEN HOUSING G Administration Ad dmin
Building Construction Masonry, Carpentry, Aluminium and Metal fabrication, Electricals
PERFORMING AREA FOR CENTRAL STAGING
Cafetaria
Headmaster eadmaster Housing Adult education Basic Numeracy, Literacy Training, Library, ICT
Toilets Health Nursery and Pharmacy
Node program
Urban axis - Backbone Lane
129
Architecture
Community Center
Waterfront: wood/metal workshop with headmaster house
Housing: Re moulding VRA housing typology
130
Remoulded Housing with crafts studio
Community Center
Immanuel Kwaku Sirron-Kakpor
The People
Interior Stack heat escape through roof vent
Breeze in Morning and Late Afternoon
Mid afternoon heat escape upper vent
Double roofing skin and lager window opening for for natural ventilation system
VRA
Top down approach
Danyigba
e - Crafts Village organic growth
Role of Architect
low tech
Current Danyigba Lost of identity
applied high intelligent
The Village: Urban Development Strategy The Backbone Lane: Urbanism The House: Architectural Craftsmanship
bottom up strategic approach
re-thinking modenity
131
Architecture
Alena Ulasava Incubator 2.0
Building Typology for Start-Up Businesses
132
Alena Ulasava
133
Architecture
Alena Ulasava Incubator 2.0 Building Typology for Start-Up Businesses
R&D departments of multinational companies My graduation project is about the design of a building and a site where potential start-ups in the field of fundamental research are brought together with entrepreneurs and where this research can thus translate into products. What is essential is a building where these two groups meet, challenge and collaborate with each other, a building so badly lacking in the current Science Park in Amsterdam. Translation into spatial design project The challenge lies in developing a spatial model that not only offers accommodation to existing start-up businesses but also facilitates the emergence of these businesses and allows for encounters between researchers, businesses and other stakeholders such as students and entrepreneurs. The new incubator model creates the conditions for the emergence of a ‘business ecology’ and new start-up firms, thanks to the combination of introvert and extravert working processes and groups of people. Design principles A certain ‘critical mass’ is required for this initiative. I devised a concept for a generic entity made up of the building and related outdoor space – the ‘typological cluster’. Urban context The Science Park lies in the northern half of Watergraafsmeer and consists of two parts: the area of research institutes (AMOLF, NIKHEF and CWI) and the area with university faculties (FNWI). Kruislaan is a central axis that extends from Watergraafsmeer Polder beneath the railway shunting yard through the site, splitting it into two parts. To develop the area between the university building and the institutes and establish connections, two clusters of 32,500 m2 are needed according to my analysis. In my graduation project, these 65,000 m2 are interpreted as an urban design context that links these two parts of the Science Park. A large laboratory building and the new incubator are positioned on the university side. The new incubator is elaborated here. Architecture The building admits all sorts of people and is alive 24 hours a day, in part because researchers stay late into the evening. The essence of the building is therefore to stimulate interaction between (introvert) researchers and entrepreneurs. All the primary functions such as laboratories and workspaces facilitate encounters, culture and public amenities. Transparency as a theme for materials A building always has a skin that separates the indoor and outdoor climates, and for regulating admission (the entrance threshold view of activities taking place inside). That is why transparency is important in selecting materials for the building based on a low threshold and open character
Graduation date 04 06 2013
134
Commission members Laurens Jan ten Kate (mentor) Albert Herder Markus Appenzeller Dominic Papa
Additional members for the examination Madeleine Maaskant Rik van Dolderen
Alena Ulasava
Bird’s-eye view
View from south-east
135
Architecture
Science Park Amsterdam with the polder corridors
Current typology
Kruislaan
Image caption
136
Image caption
Innovative business ecology innovatieve business ecologie Image caption
Image caption
Alena Ulasava
7000 2000 5400 7200 1800
2000 5400 2000 vide
9000 7400
9000 7400
7000
7200
8300
Basic module for commercial research laboratory and office space for existing companies (narrow floor plate of 16.4 m)
7200
Basic module for fundamental research laboratories and start-up businesses (wide floor plate of 32 m)
D. main research lab B. start-up businesses
UvA study centre
3D printing centre C. existing businesses Hotel
A. support research lab restaurant
137
Architecture
Ground floor 1:200 View of entrance
1st floor Heart of building (living room for start-ups)
do
or
sn
ed
e
2nd floor 1:200 View from bookshop
3rd floor View from balcony at commercial lab
5th floor
138
publiektoegankelijk gebied Area open to public printing centre, workshopruimte 3D printing3Dcentre, workshop space restaurant restaurant hotel hotel congress centre congress centre technische ruimtes technical spaces fietsenstalling bike shed commercial research laboratory fundamental research laboratory start-up businesses existing businesses
View of club space and roof terrace
Alena Ulasava solar shading principle
north-west facade
volume 1
volume 2
basic unit of curtain wall and solar shading principle facade modules
Entrance from UvA
Entrance from Kruislaan
139
Architecture
Jesse Zweers LabLoods
Reprogramming the vacant Lasloods into a big urban space and transforming from big into small spaces.
140
Jesse Zweers
141
Architecture
Jesse Zweers LabLoods Reprogramming the vacant Lasloods into a big urban space and transforming from big into small spaces. The LasLoods is a project about the big scale and flexibility of urban interiors and about one building as a city. It is an experiment that transforms a vacant factory shed into a laboratory for urban life. For this project I studied how to increase density of the western section of the IJ banks, and I looked at how the NDSM, and in particular the Lasloods, can contribute to this. The industrial and functional character of the NDSM area and the hard-surface site containing huge objects – an ensemble of four monumental warehouses – makes this area a unique urban context. That is why I drew up a new urban plan for the Lasloods with a Floor Space Index of 2.5 / 17,500 square metres of mixed cultural programme that still leaves half of the warehouse empty for events. Connecting the warehouse to the outdoor space creates urban continuity that acquires a diagonal dimension inside the warehouse. A spatial change in scale gradually transforms a number of large spaces into a multitude of small spaces. The design is experimental in character and paradoxical. Strong interventions that are subtly detailed make a clear and minimalist appearance of a complex programmatic and urban condition. The plan resulted in a hybrid building that investigates urbanity, context, scale, flexibility, interior and exterior through architecture.
Graduation date 28 03 2013
142
Commission members Tom Frantzen (mentor) Sander Lab Kamiel Klaassen
Additional members for the examination Bart Bulter Klaas Kingsma
Jesse Zweers
143
Architecture M
144
Jesse Zweers
Programme diagram
Design steps
Structural axonometric
Flexible arrangement
Facade detail
145
Architecture
4 3
1
146
2
3
4
1
2
Jesse Zweers
8
7 6
5
5
6
7
8
147
Getting involved Marieke Timmermans Head of Landscape Architecture Department
148
‘The project illustrates the direction taken by landscape architecture at the Academy of Architecture: the landscape as a cultural project. Players in the landscape are accorded roles, the poetry of the landscape forms an element in the design, and large complicated problems are reduced to easy-to-grasp strategies.’ (graduation committee of Marit Janse) By recognising, re-evaluing and reorganising existing qualities, this year’s graduating students find beautiful and convincing solutions that add new meaning to the landscape. The tendency noted by the committee is much in evidence. The graduation projects deal with the sustainability of our cultural landscapes, with the innovation of urban green structures, and with the importance of economic value in nature development. The good thing about this shift in graduation focus is that the same subjects are sometimes tackled from opposing positions. For example, opposite the strategy to maintain the cultural landscape of Maramures by Marlies Rijken, who comes up with small interventions to redevelop old landscape elements, there is the collapse of the functioning of the cultural landscape of Waterland, as viewed by Patrick Ruijzenaars, who totally transforms the open meadow landscape into one big forest. Two courageous projects, each of which questions current developments: Marlies by drawing up a strategy for preservation, even though drastic changes are already in evidence in the area; and Patrick by proposing fundamental changes, even though a conservative approach has had a stranglehold on the landscape for decades. Urban green structures are also analysed from two opposing positions. Pauline Wieringa’s totally flexible and moveable system of small park components responds to existing qualities, while Philomene van der Vliet’s proposal anchors existing qualities by threading them together to form one big urban green structure. Two extremely clever strategies that achieve a strong impact using limited means. Realistic and feasible, especially in the current climate. Two different answers are offered to the question whether nature can represent
economic value. Increasing the value of nature by linking it to the local economy of Oosterschelde, as Marit Janse proposes, is countered by attracting new users who are interested in nature for their own reasons, which Ramon Postma proposes. These elegant approaches see nature development as a driving force behind area development. Claire Laeremans recognises the value of forgotten elements of the industrial past in Flanders. Her plan is a strategy of re-evaluation to reverse the negative spiral in which the landscape finds itself. She presents her vision in a wonderfully poetic book that sweeps the reader along on a journey through a desolate region to discover how the ruins of former industry create an exceptionally coherent landscape. A landscape that, with just a few interventions, is ready to welcome new uses and where nature development, water retention and recreation find their place. Claire took on this assignment in a highly personal manner by living for a period in the area under study, allowing her to gain a fuller understanding of life in a forgotten region. More students display similar personal commitment. Marlies convinces us that her landscape is a ‘cultural and historical treasure’ by telling the stories of people from the area, which she managed to capture by designing a puzzle that enabled her to build up a personal bond with the residents. Similarly, Marit also established a personal relationship with many people from the local business community in her Salt Crystal project. This enabled her to generate support for the intertidal nature of Oosterschelde. ‘The elaboration of the strategy is like the crystallisation process that occurs around a rope left in the sea. It has to start somewhere, and from there a beautiful result starts to take shape,’ writes Marit. She herself provides that start. What strikes me, and what is a discernible tendency in the graduation projects, is that students do not sketch plans for the future like landscape architects. Instead, they choose to become involved as human beings in the strategies they propose for the future.
149
Landscape Architecture
Marit Janse Salt crystals
A strategy to preserve the rich nature of Oosterschelde
150
Marit Janse
151
Landscape Architecture
Marit Janse Salt crystals A strategy to preserve the rich nature of Oosterschelde
This project demonstrates a new way to protect nature in and around Oosterschelde by inextricably connecting it with our culture again. This is needed, because while our ecosystem moans and groans, current nature policy is so detached and technocratic that it is separating us further and further from the very thing we care about, nature, and biodiversity continues to decline. The Oosterschelde is the landscape of Marit Jansen’s youth, and that is why she has drawn up this rescue plan. She knows about the rush to reach the highest tide, the feeling of salt crystals left on the skin after swimming, the texture of the saline glasswort in your mouth, the memory of the red beaks of oyster catchers on the silver background, the saline water purified by mussels with each tide. The mission of this graduation plan is to preserve the rich nature of the Oosterschelde. Attitude The cultural history of the landscape of Zeeland reveals that nature and economy balanced each other for centuries. It was only after the North Sea Flood of 1953 and the land consolidation and construction of the Eastern Scheldt storm surge barrier that ecological and landscape poverty emerged. Creating new nature or demolishing the barrier is not a solution, either socially or financially. What is now required is another attitude towards nature, a conscious and sensitive approach that is personal and not imposed upon us. Making the landscape tangible in the form of ceramics and woollen objects under the name Label Oosterschelde will encourage people to value Oosterschelde. Salt crystals are a metaphor for searching for broad social consensus about the preservation of nature. It is precisely in places where conventional agriculture does not have any future that alliances and innovative crops such as the reintroduction of madder and shellfish farming on land have such potential. Both are exclusively linked to the culture of Zeeland, for it is only through a deeply rooted understanding of this culture that nature development can take place. This will lead to a sustainable economy, greater biodiversity and an attractive landscape. The design consists of a series of small proposals around which a new attitude can mature and crystallise: the tidal bath tempts the tourist to enter the Oosterschelde, the line dyke revives history yet also ensures a microclimate for crops, and the water structure of saline ditches promotes the economic development of a romantic landscape full of sea asters. Each intervention contains a cultural, landscape and ecological component, made possible by new alliances of users. Collaboration is essential for a sustainable and green future, and this project shows how we can create the conditions for life. This design wants to bring about a change in thinking. How can we merge culture and nature again? The development of Label Oosterschelde helps to sell the story of the Oosterschelde and find ambassadors to represent it. The mission does not stop with the graduation diploma. It continues with the further development of the products and ideas for Label Oosterschelde with designers and scientists, so that they can have meaning for everybody in the future.
Graduation date 04 04 2013 Cum laude
152
Commission members Maike van Stiphout (mentor) Martin Aarts Cees van der Veeken
Additional members for the examination Mirjam Koevoets Roel Wolters
Marit Janse
Construction of the tidal bath at the foot of the Zeeland Bridge is the first step in this mission to connect nature again with our culture.
153
Rotterdam
Dordrecht Roosendaal Breda
Tilburg
Brugge
Gent
Oosterschelde Open, a pressure group active up to the late 1970s
rt
to
Fra n ce
ex
Uitzonderlijk landschap in Nederland op 1 uur reisafstand voor Noord-Brabant, Zuid-Holland en BelgiĂŤ een belangrijk landschap met tweede huizen en goede restaurants.
s nd
po
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Antwerpen
Open villages are receptive to change
Nether for la
ex
r
Landscape Architecture
recreatie herkomst
vogels
Noord-Brabant en Zuid-Holland
xxx
Duitsland 67 %
xxx
Belgie 24 %
xxx
kustlaboratorium - Zeeuws Landschap
. Zierikzee
xxx
r t t o B e l g i um
xxx
Colijnsplaat . .
onderwaterleven / culinair
onderwaterleven / spectaculair
mosselen
kreeft
oesters
.
kreeft xx Spelt Bakkerij xxx
.
.
.
Bruinisse .
Zeeuwse Tong - WUR Rubia Pigmenta Naturalia
Tweede huizen en goede restaurants, de Oosterschelde op 1 uur reisafstand.
sepia’s xxx
Roem van Yerseke
.
Yerseke . N
Blue economy instead of current export
Areas of ground-water seepage become salt innovatie crystals
handelsstromen van de Oosterschelde mosselen
oesters
melk
Water in Oosterschelde
Belgie 65 % Frankrijk 23 % Nederland 10 %
wol
Belgie 50 %
Belgie 80 %
Pakistan
Nederland 20 %
Nederland 20 %
Belgie
Italie 16 %
Nederland
Frankrijk 6 %
High water line Duitsland8 %
Water structure of polder
Vervormde kaart van Europa. De meeste producten van de Oosterschelde worden geexporteerd naar Belgie en Frankrijk.
Sand flats / nesting, breeding and foraging place Mudflats / foraging place for non-breeding sandpipers Salt marshes / foraging and breeding place for migratory birds Inlets / breeding ground for redshank, avocet, coastal summer birds Dunes Forest / deer and birds of prey Yerseke peat and meadow, Plan Tureluur Plan Tureluur plan area after 2045 Old land / raised sandbank, morass area, closed landscape New land / rational plot division, planted dikes Buildings with yards Dikes / current and vanished dike lines since the big reclamation Land flooded since the St. Elisabeth flood in 1421 Land flooded after the North Sea Flood of 1953 Wrecks at various depths in water Flooded villages Valuable town or village view Village or town known as open community Railway with station Motorway Fishing and marina / former agricultural or work port Mussel plot / depth of 0-10 (max 25) metres Mussel hanging culture Oyster plots / rinsing area Permanent fishing tackle compartments / vertical traps, lobster net and cage Digging locations and mechanical production of bait Cultivation of marine products within dike Salt crystals Legend of strategy map, (*EHS **CHS ***nature and agriculture development in alliances)
154
Three principles increase social support for nature. 1: nature development connected to local blue economy as
Marit Janse
0
5Â km
backbone of landscape, 2: cultural history as inspiration for spatial and economic change, and 3: nature must be accessible and comfortable and focus on how it is experienced
155
Landscape Architecture
3
waterpeil tussen -1,2 en -1,7 NAP
2 1 eb -1.50 NAP
spuien
Polder Zuidhoek waterpeil naar grondgebruik -2.10 NAP
spuien en inlaten
Polder Zuidhoek grondgebruik naar waterpeil -1,2 en -1,7 NAP
Nature extends from the Oosterschelde to the town gates of Zierikzee with a simple intervention in the water system: Aster ditches: 1. digging away excess height, raising water level 2. vegetation 3. cockle fields
Branding the Oosterschelde with products made from local raw materials
The line dike, dug after 1953, is the missing link in the route network of Schouwen
Cultural history is source of high nature value
Creating alliances for the future
1
2Â
2Â 3
Relatively small interventions in high-potential areas can result in new attitude to nature. The line dyke. 1: construction with clay, 2: indigenous plants, 3: sheltered madder fields
156
Marit Janse
Clever use of the water system and waste streams results in a sustainable economy. The water and green structure of saline aster ditches forms an attractive landscape with a high level of biodiversity.
157
Landscape Architecture
Claire Laeremans The necessity of ruins A strategy for the shadow landscape of Le Centre
158
Claire Laeremans
159
Landscape Architecture
Claire Laeremans The necessity of ruins A strategy for the shadow landscape of Le Centre
The Necessity of Ruins proposes the transformation of the forgotten industrial landscape of Le Centre into a wonderful shadow landscape. A world that exists parallel to the drab reality of every day, with an identity shaped by surrealist landscapes, exceptional geological processes and Arcadian ruins. A landscape in which discovering, wandering, straying and finding surprise determine the emotions. Le Centre is an old mining region in the south of Belgium, best known today for its negative and ironic connotations. Negative in the sense of unemployment, poverty, crime. Ironically on account of the hopelessly unsuccessful project for the biggest boat lift in the world at Strépy-Thieu. The area looks dreary, with the drab dominance of endless concrete roads and ribbon development that fragment the remaining landscape. At least, that is your first impression of the landscape. The discovery and expedition Hidden behind that grey mist, however, lies a wonderful, forgotten landscape. A landscape of relics of the old industrial era, which the region has turned its back on after the decline of the coal-mining industry. The relics — canals, railways, factory sites with buildings, mines with mounds of waste — once formed a coherent network that operated as one huge machine powered by coal mined from the ground. Today that artificial machine has come to a standstill, and the relics lie abandoned and lacking any purpose. The desolation means that natural processes can once again conquer space and gradually transform it into an artificial landscape. An extraordinary interplay between natural artefacts and artificial nature emerges, and the presence of various layers of time become palpable. A true expedition resulted in the tracing and mapping of the hidden relics of the site. The process of decline was then analysed. Concept – interventions The transformation strategy starts with the smallest existing yet forgotten element of the landscape: the abandoned relics. Unlike previous strategies of transformation of post-industrial areas such as the Ruhrgebiet, this project is not based on programming the landscape or searching for new economies from above. Instead, the driving force is the intrinsic power of the relics themselves. Minimal, almost invisible interventions, together with a consistent treatment of the industrial relics, form a new network that elevates itself above the grey mist. A network that acquires a special ecological, tourist and social significance far beyond the region. Ruins are the central focus. Through subtle landscape and architectural interventions, they engage with dimensions of time. Man is made aware not only of his temporary presence but only of the beauty and romance of decay.
Graduation date 15 03 2013
160
Commission members Jana Crepon (mentor) Ruut van Paridon Bruno de Meulder
Additional members for the examination Maaike van Stiphout Harm Veenenbos
Claire Laeremans
T=0 moment of abandoning the landscape
T=1 1 to 10 years after abandonment
T=2 10 to 50 years after abandonment
T=3 50 to 100 years after abandonment
T=4 phase of climax
Building blocks of decay process over time. Artificial nature or natural artefacts
161
Landscape Architecture
Le Centre in Belgium
The landscape as efficient machine for mining
The machine ground to a halt
The expedition surveyed, the remaining abandoned relics in the area
The vacant, derelict worker’s house is opened up and transformed into a local entrance gateway with a social function. The gateway provides access from the drab reality to the special shadow landscape within.
162
Claire Laeremans
Image caption
The landscape network
In the abandoned buildings, subtle interventions (such as removal of non-sustainable materials, design of access path) create conditions for the Arcadian ruin. This eventually grows into a special place in which various dimensions of time are legible and rare flora and fauna once again conquer the artificial situation.
163
Landscape Architecture
Existing situation of Anderlues industrial site
Image caption
Phase 01. Interventions: tidy up ruin (remove non-sustainable materials), provide access by means of subtly designed objects, plant solitary trees, realise water feature at waste mountain.
Phase 02 (after 100 years). The interventions carried out result in an orchestrated interplay between artificial relics and natural processes in which various dimensions of time find expression.
164
Claire Laeremans
165
Landscape Architecture
Ramon Postma Evening Glow
On the eve of a renewed biocollective in the Moi! Marke
166
Ramon Postma
167
Landscape Architecture
Ramon Postma Evening Glow On the eve of a renewed biocollective in the Moi! Marke.
Evening Glow symbolises the transition to a new way of thinking about nature. It centres on the renewed relation between man and nature. Like society, nature is dynamic and in constant development. The introduction of the renewed collective between man and nature shows that by making use of the ecosystem, we can liberate ourselves from thinking in terms of spatial separation. Spatial separation has produced a planned landscape in which living, working, recreation, agriculture and even nature have all become separate planning tasks. The distance between people and nature is big, and nature no longer forms part of our daily lives. That is also true in the area between Veluwe and IJssel. While population will continue to grow until 2030, the average number of people per household will decline, resulting in an increase of 20,000 in the number of households. Healthy ecological connections between Veluwe and IJsseldal are incomplete or absent. In the current debate, nature is even losing its claim on space and funding. At the same time, the increase in scale in agriculture continues and pressure on land is also getting heavier. Areas with high water levels are less suitable for large-scale agriculture, and they require a lot of fertilisation and drainage at the expense of biodiversity, which is also essential for agriculture. However, the crisis means that the production of space has practically come to a standstill, and the affordability of living and nature are under pressure. The crisis is therefore the perfect moment to do things differently, and especially more sustainably. Inspired by the system of the old Marke, in which a high level of biodiversity existed within the collective, I introduce the biocollective of the Moi! The key elements are the ecosystem, biodiversity, people and homes, since they are becoming increasingly important in our lives. We are seeing an increase in working from home, self-employment, studios attached to homes, and seniors who live independently for longer. We can now live anywhere thanks to computerisation, digitalisation and domotics. Within the collective, the Moi! Marke offers space for individuality and thus closely reflects developments in the digital world (Facebook, Spotify, Greenwheels), where the focus is on usage rather than ownership. The design of the Moi! Marke depicts a renewed collective between man and nature. The new form of living finds its place in the levelled creek valleys and wet hollows that by nature form ecological connections between Veluwe and IJssel. Creating living conditions on the basis of ecosystems increases biodiversity and strengthens the creation of a resilient and sustainable landscape. Dry areas provide space for sustainable agriculture, and the Moi! Marke creates opportunities for the recreational usage of the same land. New Marke residents are glad to use nature and learn to embrace it! Nature inspires, provides energy, purifies water and creates a fantastic environment for living, working and relaxing — in short for life! This renewed alliance develops over time on the basis of collective and organic growth. If in thirty years shrinkage occurs, we will still have a goodquality environment and biodiversity in the area between Veluwe and IJssel and thus a sustainable landscape! Moi!.....the everyday greeting with which the people of north and east of the Netherlands greet one another and is derived from ‘een mooien morgen’ (Dutch for ‘A fine morning’). Tomorrow all is different! Graduation date 11 07 2013
168
Commission members Bruno Doedens (mentor) Miranda Reitsma Paul Achterberg
Additional members for the examination Mirjam Koevoet Rob van Leeuwen
Ramon Postma
169
Landscape Architecture
Context of plan area.
Land between Veluwe and IJssel.
Distance between man and nature is big.
People are part of the ecosystem.
Concept: the new Marke by increasing biodiversity through living and space.
Water system with direction of water run-off.
Creak valleys and wet lowlands as connectors.
Exclusion of existing nature areas.
Watershed as new Marke boundaries.
Current profile focused on drainage. Deepening the water system and constructing mounds produces conditions for living, increased biodiversity and a resilient water system.
170
Ramon Postma
Strategy map. In the creek valleys and wet lowlands, ribbons of nature with housing form structures that strengthen the biodiversity and identity on the basis of the ecosystem.
171
Landscape Architecture
Detail design of fragment of Moi! Marke.
Design of the Moi! Marke.
Mounds oriented towards the sun.
Section of the mounds along the forest creek.
Spring along forest creak.
172
Logic of use of rainwater and sun on the mound.
Spatial principle of forest creek.
Lowland creek.
Watercourse.
Ramon Postma
A morning dip in the pure water of the swimming pond on the mound, thanks to the helophytes!
Early summer along the cart track with, in the distance, the valley of the lowland creek.
Late summer in the valley of the lowland creek.
Winter in the watershed where the biomass of the purification marshes and wooded terrain is harvested.
173
Landscape Architecture
Marlies Rijken Travelling through time Past, present and future
174
Marlies Rijken
175
Landscape Architecture
Marlies Rijken Travelling through time Past, present and future
Living with the landscape The old region of Maramures is an area in north-west Romania. The topic of my thesis is how to give an authentic landscape a sustainable future. Preservation through development is the method I applied in my strategy for a special jewel in Romania. Maramures is a particularly authentic, smallscale landscape. All development is based on geomorphology, which makes the landscape easy to read. People live in harmony with the landscape. However, the future of this landscape is insecure. Farmers now work the land almost entirely manually with scythes, prongs and horse-drawn wooden carts. The youth want to help, but do not want to take over completely. If we don’t want to lose this authentic landscape, we need to come up with a strategy so that future generations can enjoy this jewel. The two parts of Maramures Maramures is isolated between the Gutai and Maramures mountains and is part of the Carpathians. The two rivers create a clear difference between the two areas. The Isa River is calm, quiet and wide, while the Viseu River is strong, wild and narrow, and influenced by bigger height differences. This difference also translates into the way the land is used. On the western side there is a hilly agricultural and traditional landscape with a few developments. On the eastern side there is a mountainous area of wild nature and an economically developed area. The train, used for the old ore mines and forestry, contributed significantly to the development. The two areas in Maramures are clearly visible in all aspects and formed the starting point for the thesis strategy. Two valleys, two characters The aim of the new strategy is to create a legible landscape with a good relationship between the ribbon of houses and the surrounding landscape. The ultimate goal is to develop an interesting tourist destination. Iza valley: authentic terraced landscape Inhabitants are the key players in the authentic terraced landscape of the Iza valley. Anyone can open his gate and make the landscape accessible to visitors. To relieve the busy river valley, a transition zone is created for large-scale developments such as meadows, forestry and recreation. Viseu valley: rough mountain landscape In the rough Maramures Mountains, people have to take a step back to leave enough space for large-scale wilderness with grazers on the mountain pastures. Concentrated transfer points provide access to nature. The Viseu valley is well developed. This will be reinforced, and each group of houses will have at least one transfer point. The main connection of Maramures to the mountains is situated in this valley. Using the existing qualities turns the area into a special tourist attraction.
Graduation date 25 06 2013
176
Commission members Hank van Tilborg (mentor) Ingrid Duchard Ivonne de Nood
Additional members for the examination Mirjam Koevoet Rik de Visser
Marlies Rijken
177
Landscape Architecture
Project area, isolated by the Ukrainian border and the Carpathians
The jewel of Romania
My nostalgia
Netherlands, early 19th century
Summer 2012 in Maramures
An authentic landscape
centuries old Netherlands, early 19th century
Research in the area
178
Existing situation, a beautiful balanced landscape
Summer 2012 in Maramures
Marlies Rijken
The secret entrance to Ocna Sugatag
Maramures as a beautiful tourist product
Strategy: two valleys, two characters
Mineshafts in landscape of Borsa
179
Landscape Architecture
The secret entrance of Ocna Sugatag, the wooden paths make the water accessible and shows the underground saltmines
TRAVELING THRO past - present - future
M
Sighetu Marmației M
Munții Gutâiului Ocna Sugatag
Residence Mine shaft landscape steamtrain wagons
Culture
Food
Sleeping near the farmer
Accessibility
Agricultural area
Nature
Stations
Working at the farm
Find a bear with a guid
Car connection
Picking garden
Hiking
Woodworks
Bike rental
Walking routes
Bike routes
Weaving mill
Canoe rental
learning to scythes
Ski area
Restaurant
Wellnes landscape
Market
Information
Ski area
Shops
Music event
Hotels and pensions
Shops near the farmer
Traditional clothes
Wild camping
Trout farm
Refuges
Jeneverdistillery
Maramures as a beautiful touristic product!
180
M
Camping
Museam
Marlies Rijken
Mine shafts landscape of Borsa, in the winter a beautiful small ski resort
OUGH TIME
in Maramureş
Farcâu + 1957
Parcul Natural Munții Maramureşului
M
Toroioaga + 1930 M
Vişeu de Sus
Dragomireşti Borşa
Parcul Național Munții Rodnei
M
Pietrosu Rodnei +2303
Architecture
de Unesco churche Traditional wooden houses
Discover the hidden jewel of Europe!
Traditional wooden gates
181
Landscape Architecture
Patrick Ruijzenaars Waterlands Woud
A Real Forest for Amsterdammers
182
Patrick Ruijzenaars
183
Landscape Architecture
Patrick Ruijzenaars Waterlands Woud A Real Forest for Amsterdammers
Forests fascinate, appeal to the imagination, yet are also self-evident. You can lose yourself for hours on a journey of discovery among tall trunks full of mysticism. The scent of the forest floor and the light filtered by the roof of foliage overhead have a calming effect. Like slats that close the décor, the trunks envelop you in the forest world. What’s great about the forest is that you don’t have to have an opinion about it. You simply experience it. Forest within the sphere of influence of the city But that forest experience is not self-evident. Even though forest is the most beloved place for spending our free time, very little forest can be found within the sphere of influence of the city. In the Randstad, where demand is highest, the availability is lowest. And newly planted forest often lies far from the urban demand, in places that offer least resistance and, consequently, are often difficult to access and enter. Waterlands Woud brings a new forest within the sphere of influence of Amsterdam, making it a real asset for the people of Amsterdam. A large tract of unbroken forest, as close as possible to the city centre, it is easily accessible and makes use of the water network so that it can be experienced in a unique manner. A forest that is designed to enhance the sensation of being in it. A recreational landscape that serves the city. Waterland Since peat reclamation started in around AD 1000, this landscape has served the city of Amsterdam. It has produced a cultural landscape of great historical value that features medieval allotments, old villages and wading birds. The preservation of this cultural landscape has resulted in a severe drop in ground level owing to peat oxidation. Managing the water system has therefore become more complex, and will become even more complex in the future. Nature organisations manage much of this pastureland, but decreasing government involvement make it impossible to maintain them. The forest The forest design strengthens the natural resilience of Waterland and, as a result, many of the problems in Waterland can be solved in an integral manner. The production of peat in the wet forest will increase again, as will the forest’s capacity to form a water buffer. In the process, Waterland forms a climate buffer that benefits flora and fauna, reduces CO2 emissions, and boosts recreational and economic opportunities in the area. In a matter of minutes, radial routes from the city centre take people by boat or bike deep into the forest, which changes gradually from a wooded parkland to deep woods. Close to the city the forest is varied, organised, recognisable and park-like. Further away, the scale increases and you can wander through an extensive wood. The historical water network of Waterland lies at the heart of unique types of forest that you can boat through. Innovative planting methods and the manipulation of microrelief ensure forests that offer an excellent sensation even at a young age.
Graduation date 12 12 2012
184
Commission members Berno Strootman (mentor) Karen de Groot Klaas Jan Wardenaar
Additional members for the examination Paul Achterberg Mirjam Koevoet
Patrick Ruijzenaars
185
Landscape Architecture
2000 BC – AD 1000 Extensive moorland area on Zuiderzee
1000-1200 I First reclamation projects for grain fields
1250-1600 I Trade and shipping flourish
1600-1900 I Dairy farming forms peat meadow landscape and reclaimed land
1900-2015 I Nature organisations preserve pastureland without any future perspective
2050 I Sustainable recreational forest landscape strengthens cohesion with the city
Existing forests lie far from urban areas
Historical water system: water offered the only way to access the landscape
2012: Waterland is poorly accessible by boat
Plan 2050: Water forms backbone of the landscape again
From the forest park into the woods: the closed character becomes stronger
A clear composed and zoned forest
Radial routes for rapid access deep into the forest
View of the marshy forest of mostly alder trees where church towers form landmarks in the woods
186
Patrick Ruijzenaars
Wandering through the Tupelo forest
The watery forest of alder trees and meadowy clearances on the weakest peatland of Waterland
Plankaart en bostypen van het Waterlands Woud Marshy terrain Meadowland and carr on the weakest peaty soil
Forest of oaks and alders Clearly structured forest for housing
Tupelo forest distinctive and strong forest along the dieĂŤn
Marshy land with birch link between the dark forests
Marshy forest on the weakest peaty soil
Ash and alder forest Dense and clearly structured forest deep in the woods
Polder and Estate forest differentiation within the wet peat forest
Avenue of aspen trees recognisable scar in the landscape
187
Landscape Architecture
Existing situation: peat meadows
Intervention: formation of open moorland core I raising of water level + isolation of water system
t=2 I spontaneous birch forest in rainwater environment
t=10 I forest core closes + ditches turn to land + formation of bogland
t=60 I open moorland core with closed edge + only solitary trees in open space
Development of better experience in new ‘dry’ forests
t=60 I open moorland core with closed edge + only solitary trees in open space
View of the open central moorland core as link between darker forests
View of the elongated lakes typical of the Waterland region, where the sturdy Tupelo forest reaches right into the water
188
Patrick Ruijzenaars
Existing situation: peat meadows
Intervention: digging microrelief and connecting water courses
Continuation of intervention: planting of ‘dry’ varieties [summer oak, aspen, mountain ash, common ash] I spontaneous arrive of ‘wet’ varieties [alder and soft birch]
Result: accelerated development into richly structured oak forest through manipulation of microrelief.
View of living in the oak forest.
1. Forest boulevard
2. Marshy area with birch trees
3. Elongated lakes
4. Forest park
5. Clusters
Phasing of the forest
189
Landscape Architecture
Philomene van der Vliet Strings Attached
A Metropolitan Network Park Between Amsterdam and the Coast
190
Philomene van der Vliet
191
Landscape Architecture
Philomene van der Vliet Strings Attached A Metropolitan Network Park Between Amsterdam and the Coast
A trend seems to be discernible whereby metropolises around the world seek to boost their image by developing their green environment and green structures. The branding of cities by means of major park structures and landscape embellishment appears to be a new way of identifying the city with health, success and wellbeing. It enhances the appeal of the city. Metropolitan network park Strings Attached is a design for a large park structure at the scale of the metropolitan region. It aims to improve the living environment of Amsterdam and ensure that the city rises up the ‘global liveability ranking lists’, making it a more attractive location for top international businesses, head offices and residents. Amsterdam West already possesses the structure of a metropolitan park. It was initiated in the 1930s by Van Eesteren in the form of green wedges. On the western edge of Amsterdam, the polder landscape penetrates deep into city centre in spectacular fashion! However, this green wedge, called Brettenscheg, is difficult to access, privatised and therefore unknown. The Strings Attached project transforms this forgotten landscape into a metropolitan network park. Six new park ribbons provide access to the wedge and connect the city centre of Amsterdam with the coast. Every ribbon has its own colour and language and is designed as a continuous line. Together they break up the modernist organisation of our metropolitan region into zones for living, working and recreation. The park ribbons reveal the rich history of this exceptional landscape to the west of Amsterdam like the layers of a palimpsest. Relics from the early middle ages, the city defence lines and the recent waste mountains are connected and made accessible and visible. They string together a sequence of small-scale public spaces, new waterways and green areas that increase in scale from the city centre outwards to become our big metropolitan landscape. The park ribbons want to grab city dwellers and transport them to the landscape, creating a tightknit structure comprising city and park. Strings Attached is a call for better landscape connections between city centres and surrounding countryside to enhance the quality of life in our cities and generate support for our countryside among city dwellers.
Graduation date 30 10 2012
192
Commission members Sylvia Karres (mentor) Florian Boer Berno Strootman
Additional members for the examination Mirjam Koevoet Marc Nolden
Philomene van der Vliet
193
Landscape Architecture
Western metropolitan region is dominated by the economic network
Urbanisation puts heavy pressure on the connection between city and metropolitan landscapes.
A new metropolitan network park connects the city with the coast and improves the business climate.
The Brettenscheg is an essential link in the network park, but is inaccessible, bisected by infrastructure and closed off.
The landscape qualities and historical relics are no longer legible in the landscape.
Landscape qualities are deployed as park programme.
Historical relics are deployed as destinations.
Site plan
194
Philomene van der Vliet
Privatised fields with hidden treasures (historical relics)
Colourful park ribbons and new entrances connect the city and port to the surrounding landscape
The Brettenscheg network park is not only a destination in its own right but also a means of accessing the surrounding landscape.
Picture strip of historical relics
195
Landscape Architecture
Sloterdijk Railway Station fitted with a green profile and coloured by park ribbons.
Station forecourt with old IJdijkse lint and more than 20,000 newly planted trees.
Bikeway and track along Dijkring 14, connecting the centre of Amsterdam with the coastal zone.
196
Ribbon of old gardens along rubbish mounds in Nieuwmarktbuurt.
Philomene van der Vliet
Village of Sloterdijk and complex of allotment gardens accessed by ribbon of old gardens, Dijkring 14 and from dike along the IJ waterway.
New bridge connections as park ribbons between residential areas and the green wedge
Ribbon of old gardens provides access to the allotment gardens.
197
Landscape Architecture
Pauline Wieringa IJpark A Dynamic City Park
198
Pauline Wieringa
199
Landscape Architecture
Pauline Wieringa IJpark A Dynamic City Park
Since 2007 more than half the world’s population lives in urban areas. Cities are where the global economy manifests itself, where people come to seek their fortune. Pressure on the urban landscape has greatly increased in recent years. Green areas are disappearing, even though demand for urban greenery is actually rising. This is also illustrated by my study of Vitamin G. Greenery helps city dwellers stay lively and healthy, both mentally and physically. The Vitamin G cry for help in Amsterdam is strongest in the centre, the area along the IJ. This area of the city boasts the smallest amount of public greenery per dwelling, the highest housing density, and a large portion of the dwellings are in the public rental sector. Around the IJ, people have by far the greatest need for the healthy effects of greenery in the city. The culture and history of the city of Amsterdam are strongly related to the IJ estuary. Nonetheless, for centuries the city turned its back to the IJ, and the former estuary even cuts the city in two. The reason for creating the IJpark is to make the IJ the vitally important artery of the city again, and allow the city to grow along its banks. The IJpark, a dynamic city park, boosts the increase in Vitamin G in those parts of Amsterdam that need it most. I studied Amsterdam city parks and riverside parks in other countries, filtered success formulas and applied them in my strategy to transform the IJ banks into a city park. The transformation into a city park is a five-part process. The first step is to reorganise boating on the water, thereby creating good connections between the banks and the IJ itself. It frees public space for the IJpark and makes use of new and existing public attractions. The interaction between city and IJ is strengthened, attracting a mixture of tourists, watersporters, pleasure seekers, event visitors and city dwellers. The second step is to create transverse connections and break down the barriers that separate the north and south banks from each other. The new transverse connections also ensure a more evenly distributed use of the banks, turning the city into a single entity again. The third step is to create special places for people. Existing spots are upgraded to become green oases. In the design, the bare and severe banks are transformed into new, permanent, green stretches for people. In addition, new and dynamic spots are created by positioning flexible pontoons in less accessible places. These pontoons can develop into floating gardens, parks or even islands in the IJ. The system of pontoons is flexible and responds to the seasons and the needs of the moment. The fourth step is to improve and create new lengthways connections that produce a large network of varied experiences on both banks. These lengthways connections are formed by ribbons of pontoons and banks planted with greenery. Finally, new red eye-catchers ensure the visual cohesion of the IJpark. This strategy illustrates the opportunities offered by the IJ by transforming it into an IJpark, a vibrant and dynamic city park that gradually connects the city with the IJ and makes it a single entity again.
Graduation date 30 10 2012
200
Commission members Bram Breedveld (mentor) Ben Kuiper Eric Frijters
Additional members for the examination Maike van Stiphout Sander Lap
IJpark
Pauline Wieringa
IJpark
IJPARK
+
Dynamisch stadspark Het IJpark wordt een dynamisch park. Dit dynamische park wordt gevormd door schakels van verschillende pontons. 23 pontons hebben ieder voor zich een eigen invulling. Met deze invulling kan een oneindige hoeveelheid varianten worden gemaakt. Technische aspecten pontons
+
2m
2m
stalen meerpaal Contra gewicht, voor verspreidstaande 2m bomen geeft extra stabiliteit
2m
2m
Technische aspecten pontons Technische aspecten pontons meerpaal 50 bij 50
Rode stalen Huid Lava laag als water buffer
2m
EPS blokken
zijaanzicht ponton
2m Substraat Filtermat
5m
AGREX(drainage laag) EPS blokken
meerpaal 50 bij 50
stalen schakel met rubberen binnenkant
Buis 0,15 m dik, glijdend om een stalen meerpaal
Buis 0,15 m dik, glijdend om een stalen meerpaal
2m
Substraatzijaanzicht ponton Filtermat
EPS blokken
Lava laag als water buffer zijaanzicht ponton 1 4m 2m
2m
meerpaal 50 bij 50
meerpaal 50 bij 50 stalen schakel met rubberen binnenkant
28 m
28 m
Substraat Filtermat
Substraat Filtermat
bovenaanzicht Bomenponton met verankerings detail
5m
5m
stalen schakel met rubberen binnenkant
daktuin opbouw
bovenaanzicht Bomenponton ings detail
EPS blokken
Rode stalen Huid
Detail ponton
bovenaanzicht Bomenponton met verankerings detail 1 4m
Rode stalen Huid
AGREX(drainage laag)
Detail ponton
zijaanzicht ponton
EPS blokken
Lava laag als water buffer
daktuin opbouw
1m
Contra gewicht, voor verspreidstaande Contra gewicht, voor verspreidstaande bomen geeft extra stabiliteit bomen geeft extra stabiliteit zijaanzicht ponton
daktuin opbouw
1 4m
2m
1m
AGREX(drainage laag)
EPS blokken
Detail ponton
daktuin opbouw
2m
28 m
Substraat Filtermat
zijaanzicht ponton
stalen meerpaal
stalen meerpaal
2m
stalen schakel met rubberen binnenkant
AGREX(drainage laag)
AGREX(drainage laag) EPS blokken
EPS blokken EPS blokken
2m
Rode stalen Huid Rode stalen Huid Lava laag als water buffer Lava laag als water buffer zijaanzicht ponton
bovenaanzicht Bomenponton met verankerings detail bovenaanzicht Bomenponton met verankerings detail
zijaanzicht ponton
Verbindingsponton 1 Connecting pontoon 1
Verbindingsponton 2 Connecting pontoon 2
Verbindingsponton 3 Connecting pontoon 3
Padpontonwith met vooroever Path pontoon front bank
Panoramaponton Panorama pontoon
met Iepen PathPadponton pontoon with elms
Zonponton met houten dek Sun pontoon with wooden deck
Schooltuinponton 1 School garden pontoon
School Schooltuinponton garden pontoon 2 2
Tuinhuisponton Garden shed pontoon
Strandhuisponton Beach hut pontoon
Swimming pool pontoon Zwembadponton
Terraced pontoon Tribuneponton
2m
EPS blokken
Verbindingsponton 4 Connecting pontoon 4
Picknickponton Picnic pontoon
Lange verbindingsponton Long connecting pontoon
Padponton
Bloemenveldponton Flower-field pontoon
Kleinesun zonponton Small pontoon
Beach pontoon with Strandponton met opstapplateau step plateau
Path pontoon
Bomenweideponton Tree meadow pontoon
Houten dekponton Wooden deck pontoon
Kleine zonponton met zwemtrap Small sun pontoon with
swimming ladder
Beach pontoon with Strandponton met strandpaviljoen beach pavilion
Strandponton Beach pontoon
Flower-field pontoon Bollenveldponton
5m
Contra gewicht, voor verspreidstaande bomen geeft extra stabiliteit
28 m
5m
1 4m
1m
2m
Detail ponton
1 4m
Detail ponton
Buis 0,15 m dik, glijdend om een stalen meerpaal
2m
28 m
zijaanzicht ponton
zijaanzicht ponton
2m
+
1m
2m
+
Buis 0,15 m dik, glijdend om een stalen meerpaal
2m
Contra gewicht, voor verspreidstaande bomen geeft extra stabiliteit
daktuin opbouw
1m
Technische aspecten pontons
stalen meerpaal
De pontons zijn special ontworpen voor het IJpark en maken gebruik van waterbouw en daktuin technieken. Zo kan snel en tegen relatief lage kosten een parkingrediĂŤnt worden gerealiseerd. Elke keer kan het park een andere vorm aannemen.
Technische aspecten pontons
Pavilion pontoon Paviljoenponton
201
Landscape Architecture
Vitamin G densities within the ringroad
Housing densities
IJ banks, Amsterdam
Pottersfield park, London
Public rental densities
Vitamin G cry for help
Rio de pepe, Madrid
The Liffey Boardwalk, Dublin
Rem eiland
Image caption
Image caption
IJPlein artwork
Overhoeks park
IJ language red
Light ship
New roof of Central Station
Bridges, Zeeburg
looprichting bootmuseum
aanmeerplek sloep woonhaven pont
partyschip
beroepsvaart
riviercruiser
vaarroute
jachthaven
202
Future of boat life
zeecruiser
bruine vloot
Ships on the IJ
spin-off
aanmeerplek rondvaartboot
Schellingenwoude Bridge
Pauline Wieringa
Image caption
Strategy: the IJ becomes the beating heart of Amsterdam again Bestaande langsverbindingen
Nieuwe langsverbindingen
Cross connections
Destinations
Lengthways connections
Visual cohesion
IJpark panorama
203
Landscape Architecture
IJland park formation
IJland Sarphatipark
IJland beach formation
IJland vegetable garden formation
View of scene envisaged for lengthways connection
Sfeerbeeld geschakelde parkpontons
View of permanent destination: The Green Head
View of sports bay
204
View of school garden pontoons
Pauline Wieringa
Temporary destinations: concert formation
Temporary destinations: catwalk pontoons
Voorbeeld uitwerking strand ;dynamische verblijfs plek
View of IJland floating beach
205
Committed and progressive Arjan Klok
Head of Urbanism Department
206
Committed and dynamic perspectives On top of the widespread interest in the city at present, the significance and legitimacy of the profession of urbanist has never been as intensively discussed as it is now. That’s a strange and paradoxical situation, for the new generation of urbanists does not allow itself to be taken hostage by counterproductive discussions about whether to develop the city in a ‘bottom-up’, ‘top-down’, ‘spontaneous’ or ‘orchestrated’ manner. Instead, this generation signals numerous opportunities to improve the existing city and — in the conviction that urban design is a worthy pursuit that can even produce new values — makes constructive proposals to improve the environment in Dutch towns in a lasting way. It tackles difficult issues concerning city development with optimism. Even so, one can detect a sharp undertone in these graduation projects. For these are somewhat stubborn projects that oppose ‘current’ or customary ‘municipal plans’ and, instead, come up with alternatives. According to the new generation of urbanists, much is wrong with the way small and mid-sized municipalities in particular view urban development. In the eyes of the graduating group, those plans and intentions lean too simplistically on the modernist dogma of separating functions and the primacy of traffic engineering. For many areas in these towns, specific local spatial qualities are subordinated, and the municipal proposals lack sufficient inventiveness and innovation. The new generation certainly does not lack local commitment, as evidenced by the interest in small and mid-sized Dutch towns like Veghel, Rijswijk and Leiden. Within the projects, attention focuses not only on the more complex entirety of functional and spatial facets but also on local spatial qualities that determine the beauty, atmosphere and identity of particular places. Neglected or forgotten areas and spatial issues are tackled as serious subjects for study. In addition, the proposals consider the social relevance and power of collective space in terms of forging identity. Specific usage patterns are accorded a place, and are designed in such a way that coherent concepts of collectiveness emerge. These concepts enable towns to be more than a chance or generic constellation of functions, user groups, spaces and buildings. These concepts make the city what people expect and hope of it: an ideal collective environment with specific, identifiable characteristics.
Offensive against the dominance of the traffic engineer An interesting aspect of the proposals is that they challenge, in greater or lesser degrees, the discipline of traffic engineering. The new generation finds the proposals and achievements of the planning and traffic engineering disciplines, which have been dominant up to now, too simplistic, out of sync with today’s society, and not specific enough. What’s more, in their view there is too much unintentional damage and too few positive effects with regard to user quality and residential quality in the city. In fact, many official proposals are deemed ‘not good enough’ in terms of traffic engineering when the situation on the ground is seriously examined. In the graduation projects the space occupied by the ‘traffic machine’ is reconsidered, and new, balanced and inventive design proposals are made that integrate traffic infrastructure in a more specific manner, creating a positive experience for both immediate users and surrounding districts. The new generation of urbanists displays courage and determination in tackling the difficult aspects of city development. They highlight fundamental choices and considerations concerning the planning of towns, they are critical of the treatment of local and specific spatial qualities and collective values, and they do not shirk socio-economic, functional and spatial complexity. The new generation appears to have taken leave of modernist dogmas of general spatial quality, separation of functions and the primacy of traffic engineering in town planning and urban design. They offer concrete design proposals to make generic situations more specific, to mix functions, and to remodel space occupied by traffic into a ‘space of experience’. They come up with positive scenarios to replace the negative associations of neglected areas in a constructive and inventive manner, and take seriously their responsibility for the quality of collective open space, including the space occupied by traffic. The profession of urbanism is practised here to its fullest extent. It is an attitude that commands respect!
207
Urbanism
Sebastian van Berkel City Motion
Urban design as a remedy for the spread of ‘bypass road virus’
208
Sebastian van Berkel
209
Urbanism
Sebastian van Berkel City Motion Urban design as a remedy for the spread of ‘bypass road virus’
The patient’s name is Veghel, a mid-size town in the south of the Netherlands. A virus known as ‘bypass road’ will soon infect the town. Due to the expected growth of traffic in Veghel, the national road authority, the Province of Noord-Brabant and the local municipality are forced to find a cure for this virus. Based on the logistics of traffic engineering, they propose the small solution of a new bypass road. This graduation project offers an urban design alternative for this everyday spatial phenomenon that is taking over the Netherlands and is presented on the national virus map. The reason I consider bypass roads to form a rapidly spreading virus is because of their negative effects on the spatial environment and the people using it. Towns are turned inside out in terms of economic dynamics. Whereas economic development and interaction were historically concentrated near busy roads and intersections in the centre of town, bypass roads are pulling them outwards. Besides that, bypass roads disrupt the relationship of town to country and generate inevitably generic plot development between towns and bypass roads, mega-intersections and super-sized roundabouts lacking in human scale. The cumulative result is a generic sense of place with a loss of spatial orientation. Everything looks the same. But don’t take that for granted! City Motion is an urban design and broad alternative for this virus that is going to affect Veghel (part of the place where I grew up). City Motion will solve the same traffic problem as a bypass road does, but it unlocks more spatial assets. Five steps and aspects should be taken in account: mobility motives, destinations, routes, experiences and place-making. The first and most important step is to determine the biggest and most significant motives for mobility to emphasise the user’s perspective. Why are people driving to or through Veghel? In Veghel these motives are driving for a job (truck drivers, 25% of all traffic), driving to/from work (commuters; Veghel has more jobs than inhabitants) and driving as a pastime (leisure seeker, economic chance for Veghel). Each group has different expectations about its journey to/through Veghel in terms of experience, service, view, accessibility, liability, speed and so on. The mobility motives are translated into an ideal road profile using a toolbox with twelve elements (e.g. materials, addressing buildings, illumination, water drainage and plantation). In the following steps, the ideal roads are put in place by determining the most important destinations in Veghel for each of the three groups of users, preferably using existing infrastructure space. The route for truckers, for instance, will divert truck traffic towards the industrial zone, using a runway-like road profile on an existing road. Traffic numbers will immediately drop by 25% on the original route. The spatial asset is a unique and well-utilised environment for logistics businesses. The same is done for commuters and leisure seekers, with spatial assets based on their expectations. Further on, the sequence of experiences along the route and the places where various users meet are designed according to shared interests. My proposal will solve the same traffic problem and has more benefits for a large group of stakeholders compared to the originally proposed bypass road: no demolition of property and nature (benefiting the public), better regional economic position (benefiting local businesses), and the design can be phased (benefiting the government). However, the most important effect will be that driving through Veghel will be a whole new and distinct local experience. Graduation date 27 09 2012
210
Commission members Arjan Klok (mentor) Christiaan Kwantes Ingeborg Thoral
Additional members for the examination Kirsten van den Berg Jeroen de Willigen
Sebastian van Berkel
211
Urbanism
Legend for the truck driver
Legend for the leisure seeker
Background
Route designed with toolbox ideal
Route designed with toolbox ideal
Motorway with mixed motives
road for trucker - inside town
road for commuter - inside town
road for leisure seeker - inside town
Meadow-land
Route designed with toolbox ideal
Route designed with toolbox ideal
Route designed with toolbox ideal
Arable land
road for trucker - outside town
road for commuter - outside town
road for leisure seeker - outside town
Forest
Existing Logistic and industrial
Town centre / Regional service
Town centre
Canal (Zuid-Willemsvaart)
businesses
CHV-area (existing post-industrial
CHV-area (existing post-industrial
Stream (Aa)
Transformation towards logistic
transformation zone)
transformation zone)
One of the proposed alignments of
and industrial businesses possible
Transformation towards mixed-use
National heritage site
the bypass road
Consolidation mixed businesses
possible
Regional park / reserve (Groene Woud)
Mobility motives and town structure
212
Legend for the commuter
Route designed with toolbox ideal
Sebastian van Berkel
3,6
1,4
28,5
4
4
4
4
2
4
4
0,3
Road Train Inside town
Principle Reliability Efficiency
Time 24/7
Outside town
Addresses
Speed
Width
Logistic and industrial activities (i.e. loading docks)
50 km/h
20,6m (both directions)
-
70 km/h
20,8 (both directions
4
1,4
3,6
4
28,5 0,3
Hight 4,5 m
4
Surface Seamless concrete fibre mix
Marks Big and wide (like a runway), addresses and directions noted on the surface)
Illumination
Plantation
Bright (like a construction site)
None, work floor
Dark, self-sufficient with smart solar LED’s in road surface
To emphasize the route in the landscape like the adjacent canal, Poplar
Energy Thermal storage, heated in winter (reliable)
Heath Thermal storage, cooled in summer
Water
Cables / Pipes
Closed parallel gutter, centralized treatment
Service tunnel in the middle (reliable)
Open parallel gutter, works as crash barrier too, centralized treatment
None, self-sufficient
One of the three toolboxes
Time passing along the route
213
Urbanism
t=0
t=1
t=2
Time passing in years
214
Sebastian van Berkel
14:00
14:01
Time passing at the moment
14:02 215
Urbanism
Anneke Sluijter-Jacobsen Goud Waard The power of long lines in area development
216
Anneke Sluijter-Jacobsen
217
Urbanism
Anneke Sluijter-Jacobsen Goud Waard The power of long lines in area development
Goud Waard focuses on the transformation of an obsolete housing and employment district on the eastern side of Leiden city centre called De Waard. Leiden city authorities envisage the development of the office park in the area, with the construction of a ring road providing a development axis for new and existing business. The existing area of homes and businesses is developed separately, and the ring road is treated as an isolated traffic engineering project. With this plan, the potential and beauty of the area are insufficiently exploited, however, leading to the further isolation of the area from its surroundings. On account of the strategic location in the region, the proximity to the town centre, and the presence of four exceptional water lines, the entire area can be turned into an attractive city district. My objective, therefore, was to plan the redevelopment of De Waard on the strength of its existing qualities. In the process, the necessary line of infrastructure is deployed to achieve this ambition. I developed a strategic framework to maximise the potential of the area. The ring road is integrated into this framework, connected to the neighbourhood and used for the redevelopment of all De Waard. The design is based on the four surrounding waterways, which together with the ring road form long lines through the area and anchor it to its context. The various identities of these long lines are exploited in the design to integrate them into the area at various scales as generators of redevelopment. In addition, my fascination for the power of long lines formed the backbone of the design. The framework is a means of transforming De Waard into an attractive district structured around water, living and working. Emphasis is put on the water and the long lines in De Waard, expanding the urban area of Leiden and adding something unique. The design for this urban environment is also based on the power of the collective use of space in Scandinavian urbanism. To promote ‘shared city living’ in De Waard, I designed an urban design pattern in which the transition from public to private resulted in interesting gradations of collective space. The transition from long public lines to residential areas behind takes the form of a variety of public routes, semi-public courtyards and collective and private gardens. A strategic programme of urban rules ensures, together with the framework, that the gradual transformation proceeds in harmony with this vision of collective urban living. Each smaller area within the larger site is subject to specific rules drawn up to determine strategy and speed of redevelopment based on existing qualities. Over time, De Waard will develop into an attractive city district of Leiden with a unique identity based on the qualities of the area.
Graduation date 17 12 2012
218
Commission members Ad de Bont (mentor) Maike van Stiphout Jeroen Ruitenbeek
Additional members for the examination Ton Schaap RiĂŤtte Bosch
Anneke Sluijter-Jacobsen
219
Urbanism Gemeente Leiden
De Waard
Goud Waard Ringweg
Werken Wonen
The plans by the city of Leiden with the new inner ring road and urban renewal projects linked to it. On the right is the urban design concept for De Waard (2012).
220
Goud Waard extends the qualities of the long lines into De Waard and ties the district to its context.
Anneke Sluijter-Jacobsen Singel
Gemeente Leiden
Ringweg Oude Rijn
Goud Waard www-milieu Vliet
Nieuwe Rijn
Each long line brings with it an identity and atmosphere of its own, boosting and determining the direction of redevelopment.
In contrast to the divide in the city, De Waard is transformed into an urban environment structured around water, living and working, one that emphasises the quality of the long lines of water and the ring road.
With the redevelopment of De Waard, the qualities of the water lines in the district extend into the district and the ring road becomes part of the urban setting of the new Vlietpark.
221
Urbanism
Goud Waard
Proposal by Leiden and MAXWAN 2012
Lange Rijn ‘Ringroad’ -
Proposal by Leiden
Goud Waard
From a traffic-based race track into a dynamic city road, which establishes contact with the neighbourhood and the new Vlietpark.
P P
P P
P
P
0 5 10 15 20
30
40
50
75
100
The Framework and Rules Maps guarantee gradual and flexible redevelopment.
222
The starting point for the Rules Map is the existing qualities, which form the basis for the redevelopment strategies, ensure that they differ for each smaller area.
Anneke Sluijter-Jacobsen
Goud Waard
Current situation
Current situation
Goud Waard
Lange Rijn ‘Oude Rijn’ -
From inaccessible commercial zone to recreational city banks as connection between the new regional harbour and the historical city centre.
RINGROAD
2013 starting point for redevelopment
2020 construction of ring road and Oude Rijn route
2030 realisation of Oude and Nieuwe Rijn
2040 construction of internal structure and park
living commerce business amenities
Development as individuals in ensemble
0 5 10 15 20
30
40
50
75
100
25m deep
Construction within building alignment min.10m, max.25m wide min.200m2 max.550m2
covered parking
plinth 4m 30%
40%
30%
mixture of roof types
The rules are specific to each area, focused on specific redevelopment aims, all with their own tempo.
De Waard will transform gradually into a mixed urban area structured around water, living and working, in which the ring road becomes part of the district.
223
Urbanism
Sanneke van Wijk New Life
How work and life strengthen each other in Plaspoelpolder.
224
Sanneke van Wijk
225
Urbanism
Sanneke van Wijk New life How work and life strengthen each other in Plaspoelpolder.
The number of vacant office buildings in the Netherlands is increasing dramatically. Many of the offices stay permanently empty. Even if the economy picks up again, not all office buildings can be rented, and the prospects for structural vacancy are not good. What’s more, the labour force is not growing any more, and the influence of new ways of working are becoming more and more visible every day. One of the areas in the Netherlands that is overgrown with weeds and taped-up windows is Plaspoelpolder in Rijswijk. This area, situated next to the A4 motorway, has developed strongly since the 1950s. Today, the buildings look outdated and the site is losing out in the competition with better motorway locations, mainly because it does not have a clear profile. Furthermore, the high vacancy rate further harms the image of the area. The result is that even more companies decide to leave Rijswijk. Plaspoelpolder is caught in a vicious circle that must be interrupted. The existing structure of Plaspoelpolder possesses qualities that can create an attractive residential environment. Constructing homes in Plaspoelpolder could offer an alternative to the housing plans of the municipality of Rijswijk. Do not start from scratch in a polder, but reuse the existing structure of this industrial area, enabling Rijswijk to make use of the city in a sustainable way. Plaspoelpolder contains sufficient space for living. Still, at the moment this space is mostly occupied by buildings. The mixed nature of Plaspoelpolder can be strengthened by retaining strong businesses and supplementing them with dwellings that fit in terms of scale and size. New life will come to Plaspoelpolder and create synergy between new residents and existing businesses. My graduation project includes a transformation strategy in which Plaspoelpolder transforms from a work location into a mixture of living and working. The framework builds on the qualities of the site and its surroundings. A clear hierarchy returns, the ‘green’ connection between the two parks is strengthened, and the park — located at the southern part of the A4 — is extended to Plaspoelpolder. At last the link is made between the fine structure of pre-war Rijswijk and the coarse scale of the post-war neighbourhoods. Developments can take place within the framework. The mixed character and diversity in the type of businesses require a multifaceted approach. International companies such as Shell, the European Patent Office and the Beurs Haaglanden are encouraged to add public value to their monofunctional functions. In the heart of the area, where many offices are situated, buildings are redesignated or redeveloped and aim for an optimal mixture of dwellings and offices. Searching for combinations of homes and offices within every block is important there. The inner world is characterised by many dynamic companies located there. Individuals or collectives will be able to buy a plot and do whatever they want with it. They could starting a new business or just live there freely. The goal is to find a form of collectivity in public space where residents can benefit from the small businesses and vice versa.
Graduation date 02 05 2013
226
Commission members Boris Hocks (mentor) Jaap van den Bout Marco Broekman
Additional members for the examination Huub Juurlink Karen van Vliet
Sanneke van Wijk
227
Urbanism 15.000
een
kwart
kantoren
in Nederland
van de bedrijven staat leeg in de
Plaspoelpolder
Noordwijk
Katwijk
Wassenaar
LeidschendamVoorburg Den Haag
Zoetermeer
Rijswijk
PijnackerNootdorp
Gouda
Westland Bleiswijk
Delft
Berkel en
Midden Deland
14%
1.900
in de regio Haaglanden
kantoren
half leegstaand
40%
900
in de BIG 4
kantoren
leegstaand
The number of vacant offices in the Netherlands is increasing dramatically.
100 ha
d
Groen
Plaspoelpolder Rijswijk Zuid Plaspoelpolder Rijswijk Zuid
n sta
eg
le
ijf
in bedr
lee
Groen
gsta
nd
Plaspoelpolder Plaspoelpolder
Groengebied
25 ha Wonen
25 ha Wonen
super
super
Groen
Groen
Take advantage of the vacant space in Plaspoelpolder instead of the scarce green meadows.
Complement successful companies with dwellings.
Exploiting the surrounding green quality by connecting the two parks.
Connecting the coarse and fine scale of Rijswijk.
228
RO C
be
to
nm
or te
lc en tra
le
Sanneke van Wijk
rt Ha
ho jtt Si
e nn Bi
el er nw
ff
d
O
o ro ct
ur ib
u ea
P P
P
ein
P
l el Sh
P
P P
P
P
P
ur Be
s
P
New framework of the Plaspoelpolder.
229
Urbanism
Sectional view of the existing situation of the heart redesignation existing building
solid
redesignation
collective building
redesignation
redevelopment
meeting area with workstations
residential and office building
Sectional view of the new situation of the heart
public space work and live in a joint space
shared space meeting area
The hart: an optimal mix of dwellings and offices.
230
new connection a small bridge connects both sides
restaurant
Sanneke van Wijk
-1 In operation
0 Vacant
1A Tempory use of the property
1B Demolition of the building and temporary use of the lot
3A Redesignation of the property
3B Demolition and construction of a building
The inner world: a place for new initiatives where residents share their public space with small companies.
231
Archiprix 2014 nominations jury report Aart Oxenaar
Director Amsterdam Academy of Architecture
232
Archiprix is the annual prize for the best graduation work from the nine Dutch schools of architecture, urbanism and landscape architecture. Being nominated for the Archiprix – and winning of course – has proven to be an important step towards a successful career as a designer. Over the last ten years the Amsterdam Academy of Architecture has won eight first prizes and eleven second prizes and honorable mentions. Each year the academy is allowed four nominations out of a total of 28. The jury this year consisted of the department heads – Marieke Timmermans (landscape architecture), Jarrik Ouburg (architecture), Arjan Klok (urbanism) – as well as visiting critic Jurgen Bey (director of the Sandberg Institute, Amsterdam) and Aart Oxenaar (director of the Academy and chairman of the jury). The selection is an open competition between projects in the fields of architecture, urban design and landscape architecture. This year 25 graduation plans were entered for the competition: 16 in architecture, three in urbanism and six in landscape architecture. In the first round, ten projects were selected on account of their exceptional theme, the clarity of their approach and/or the convincing power of the design. These plans were made by, in alphabetical order: Adriaan Aarnoudse, Sebastian van Berkel, Txell Blanco Diaz, Anne Dessing, Marit Janse, Claire Laeremans, Ramon Postma, Patrick Ruizenaars, Bas Schuit, Philomene van der Vliet. In the second round, the focus shifted to a closer examination of the relevance of the problem addressed, the level of research into the problem (‘proof of study’), the consistency in conduct and application of the research, the development of the plan at different scales, the individual character of the plan and its qualities as a design statement.
The following four projects were unanimously nominated for the Archiprix 2014 (in random order): Anne Dessing.‘Omgevingsarticulaties’ (Articulating the location). This plan offers an alternative for the standard ways of developing the Dutch city. Instead of applying generic rules, the designer develops and tests new sets of location-specific rules. Clients are thus offered more freedom to develop their own house – whilst at the same time week spots in the local urban plan are addressed. Marit Janse. Salt Crystals. A strategy for the conservation of the rich nature of the Oosterschelde. Thinking about nature from the perspective of culture is what makes this plan shed a new light on the profession of the landscape architect. The problems of the delta we Dutch live in are addressed both from the water and the land side, introducing both relevant and surprising new uses that help to reactivate the whole area. Claire Laeremans. The necessity of ruins. A strategy for the shadow landscape of ‘Le Centre’, Belgium. With a sharp analytical eye and a strong poetic sensibility, this plan succeeds in reactivating a forgotten and derelict landscape. It combines an in-depth understanding of its former and present structure with a clear eye for effective and realistic interventions that will help reveal the romantic, almost fairytale-like qualities of this former mine landscape. The step-by-step and bottom-up approach makes it a timely and realistic strategy. Adriaan Aarnoudse. The peninsula rediscovered. A narrative landscape in the Rotterdam harbour. This plan turns a persistent, muddy problem into productive new possibilities for building in the landscape. A forgotten element in the infrastructural landscape of the Rijnmond area is turned into a monumental public space with recreational qualities. An amazing model reveals the poetic potential of this design.
233
Anne Dessing Articulating the location
Marit Janse Salt Crystals. A strategy for the conservation of the rich nature of the Oosterschelde.
234
Claire Laeremans The necessity of ruins. A strategy for the shadow landscape of ‘Le Centre’, Belgium.
Adriaan Aarnoudse The peninsula rediscovered. A narrative landscape in the Rotterdam harbour.
235
Colophon Amsterdam Academy of Architecture Waterlooplein 213, 1011 PG Amsterdam, The Netherlands T +31 (0)20 531 8218, info@bwk.ahk.nl, www.academyofarchitecture.nl Editor-In-Chief Klaas de Jong Translation Billy Nolan Photography models Hans Krüse Graphic Design Studio Sander Boon, Amsterdam
© 2014 Amsterdam Academy of Architecture
236
Master of Architecture / Urbanism / Landscape Architecture Amsterdam Academy of Architecture Architects, urban designers and landscape architects learn the profession at the Amsterdam Academy of Architecture through an intensive combination of work and study. They work in small, partly interdisciplinary groups and are supervised by a select group of practising felÂlow professionals. There is a wide range of options within the programme so that students can put together their own trajectory and specialisation. With the inclusion of the course in Urbanism in 1957 and Landscape Architecture in 1972, the academy is the only architecture school in the Netherlands to bring together the three spatial design disciplines. Some 350 guest tutors are involved in teaching every year. Each of them is a practising designer or a specific expert in his or her particular subject. The three heads of department also have design practices of their own in addition to their work for the academy. This structure yields an enormous dynamism and energy and ensures that the courses remain closely linked to the current state of the discipline. The courses consist of projects, exercises and lectures. First-year and second-year students also engage in morphological studies. Students work on their own or in small groups. The design projects form the backbone of the curÂriculum. On the basis of a specific design assignment, students develop knowledge, insight and skills. The exercises are focused on training in those skills that are essential for recognising and solving design problems, such as analytical techniques, knowledge of the repertoire, the use of materials, text analysis, and writing. Many of the exercises are linked to the design projects. The morphological studies concentrate on the making of spatial objects, with the emphasis on creative process and implementation. Students experiment with materials and media forms and gain experience in converting an idea into a creation.
During the periods between the terms there are workshops, study trips in the Netherlands and abroad, and other activities. This is also the preferred moment for international exchange projects. The academy regularly invites foreign students for the workshops and recruits wellknown designers from the Netherlands and further afield as tutors. Graduates from the Academy of Architecture are entitled to the following titles: Master of Architecture (MArch), Master of Urbanism (MUrb), or Master of Landscape Architecture (MLA). The Master’s
237
2012-2013 Graduation Projects features the work of students who earned their degree during the 2012-2013 academic year at the Amsterdam Academy of Architecture. The projects by the 25 Masters of Architecture, Urbanism and Landscape Architecture are introduced by visiting critic Jurgen Bey.
238