Studio Air Final Journal by Bowen Liu

STUDIO AIR 2017, SEMESTER 1, TUTOR: Daivid Bowen LIU

CONTENTS Introduction Part A : Conceptualisation

Part C : Detailed Design

A1. Design Future Case Study 1.0 Case Study 2.0

C.1 Design Concept

A2. Design Computation Case Study 3.0 Case Study 4.0

C.3 3D Prototype - Small Installation

A3. Composition / Generation Case Study 5.0 Case Study 6.0 A4. Conclusion A5. Learning Outcome

Part B : Design Criteria B.0 Fear B.1 Process Diagram B.2 Case Study 1.0 B.3 Case Study 2.0 B.4 Process Sketch Development B.5 Proposal 1.0 B.6 Proposal 2.0 B.7 Sketch Book B.8 Learining Outcome

C.2 3D Prototype - Large Installation

C.4 Learning Objectives and Outcomes Reference List

A CONCEPTUALISATION

A.0 I NTRODUCTION My name is Bowen LIU, and I am currently at my third year first semester. From my perspective, The Architecture is one of the most valuable and meaningful majors to study. Because architecture is about the making of places where people spend their lives. Architects are not just concerned with the exterior and interior design of a building, but the environment as a whole. Architecture is mostly about human beings living in a “better” way than before. Moreover, It is easy to define Architecture, but the word has far deeper meaning than it implies. Architecture covered various knowledge from almost every aspect such as Art, History, Material Science, Physics, Engineering… Anything and everything that can help improve the living environment of human beings. Although every people recognize the architecture is the most difficult course to take, but I'd love to challenge this and improve myself into another level. I think as a student of architecture, every semester is a big challenge for me because you are always learning new things and create and design project in different ways. And I felt my designing skill improved dramatically every single semester. I feel I could do better than last time, I could draw better than last time, and I could consider more and test more and achieve more. I always have the passion for hand drawing, which makes me don’t have many chances to spend a lot of time on the digital software. Only some basic skill make me survival from another subject.L Last semester, I took the subject of Digital Design of Fabrication.However, due to many reasons, I still do not have a lot of chance to use and practice my digital design skill which is already become my weakest part. This semester, I wish I could push myself once again and improve my digital design skill.

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DESIGN FUTURING In the modern society, as the development of technology. Human needs are correspondingly growing. Human beings become more greedy and helpless in order to satisfy their desires. Recently, the growing concern of the impact in related to the design process is resonated in the book â&#x20AC;&#x153;Design Futuring â&#x20AC;? written by Tony Fry. Over past decade, there was a lot of bad design practice harm for the surrounding environment been adopted for the sake of development. As the Fry mentioned, the design plays a crucial role to challenge our unsustainable way of living mode. The future depends on how we design the future.1

1. Tony Fry, Sustainability, Ethics And New Practice (Oxford: Berg Publishers Ltd, 2008). 6

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ase study 1.0

The Bird's Nest Stadium

was designed by the 2001 Pritzker Prize winner Herzog and Chinese architect Li Xinggang. The the design of the shape of the huge stadium, like the nest of life, is more like a cradle, with human hopes for the future.1 The designers didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t do any extra treatment of the National Stadium, but simply exposed the structure, thus creating a natural appearance of the building.2

1. "Beijing National Stadium, 'The Bird's Nest'", Design Build Network, 2017 <http://

www.designbuild-network.com/projects/national_stadium/> [accessed 6 August 2017]. 2. "Stadium Facilities", National Stadium - Bird's Nest, 2017 <http://www.n-s.cn/about. aspx?SID=348> [accessed 6 August 2017].

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Figure1: The Bird's Nest Stadium Apperance at night.

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he stadium shell uses a cushioning film that serves as a filler to allow the roof to be completely waterproof, allowing sunlight to pass through the transparent roof which satisfied the need of the growth of the interior lawn.1 The bird’s nest in the design fully reflects the humanistic care, the bowl shaped seat holding the folded structure of the stadium, wellproportioned between the upper and lower, no matter what position the audience sitting, the line-of-sight distance of the central point of the competition terrain will always around 140 meters.2 The sound absorption film material used in the lower layer of the bird’s nest, sound absorbing material arranged on the steel structural component, and electroacoustic amplifying system used in the field, and those three layers of the “special device” makes the index of speech intelligibility in the nest reach 0.6 - a figure that ensures that anyone sitting in any location can hear the broadcast clearly.3 Designers also used fluid mechanics design, simulating the status of natural ventilation within 91000 audiences watching the game at the same time, so that all the audience can enjoy the same natural light and natural ventilation.4

The “bird’s nest” original appearance is a completely sealed nest is considered not only to make the audience enjoy the natural circulation of air and light, and try to reduce artificial mechanical ventilation and artificial light energy. The light used in the “Bird's Nest” are all high-efficiency energy-saving light source for environmental protection.6 In the pedestrian plaza and other outdoor lighting, the solar power lighting system is used as much as possible. There is a rainwater recycling system at the top of the “Bird’s Nest”.7 The rain water will be recycled through a special pipe emissions to 6 cisterns. The designer Li Jiulin introduced that a total of 58 thousand cubic meters of water could storage in this system, the water after treatment can be used for greening, flushing, fire and so on. Below the football ground is a geothermyal heat pump systems.8 This system absorbs the heat contained in the soil and provide heat to the stadium in winter and absorbs cold water stored in the soil to cool the Bird’s Nest during the summer, which could save a lot of power resources. Many advanced green environmental protection measures have

At the mean time, In the Bird's Nest, more than 200 wheelchair seats were set up for the person with disability.5 These wheelchair seats were slightly higher than regular seats, to ensure that disabled people have the same view as regular viewers, the field will also provide hearing aids and wireless broadcasting systems to provide personalized services to people with hearing impairment and visual impairment.

1. "Beijing National Stadium, 'The Bird's Nest'", Design Build Network, 2017 <http://www.designbuild-network.com/projects/national_stadium/> [accessed 6 August 2017]. 2. "Stadium Facilities", National Stadium - Bird's Nest, 2017 <http://www.n-s.cn/about.aspx?SID=348> [accessed 6 August 2017]. 3. "Beijing National Stadium, 'The Bird's Nest'", Design Build Network, 2017 <http://www.designbuild-network.com/projects/national_stadium/> [accessed 6 August 2017] 4. Minxia Li, "The Secret Beijing Olympic Green "Bird's Nest" Energy-Saving Light Source Utilization", People.Com, 2017 <http://ccnews.people.com.cn/GB/87473/114818/114820/6801397.html> [accessed 6 August 2017]. 5. "Stadium Facilities", National Stadium - Bird's Nest, 2017 <http://www.n-s.cn/about.aspx?SID=348> [accessed 6 August 2017]. 6.Minxia Li, "The Secret Beijing Olympic Green "Bird's Nest" Energy-Saving Light Source Utilization", People.Com, 2017 <http://ccnews.people.com.cn/GB/87473/114818/114820/6801397.html> [accessed 6 August 2017]. 7. Minxia Li, "The Secret Beijing Olympic Green "Bird's Nest" Energy-Saving Light Source Utilization", People.Com, 2017 <http://ccnews.people.com.cn/GB/87473/114818/114820/6801397.html> [accessed 6 August 2017]. 8. Minxia Li, "The Secret Beijing Olympic Green "Bird's Nest" Energy-Saving Light Source Utilization", People.Com, 2017 <http://ccnews.people.com.cn/GB/87473/114818/114820/6801397.html> [accessed 6 August 2017].

Figure2: The Inner Stadium of Bird's Nest

Figure3: The Inner Stadium of Bird's Nest at Night

ase study 2.0

Aqua Tower

is located in Chicago City, United States. The Tower sits near by the Michigan lake. The Aqua Tower was designed by the founder of the Studio Gang Architects, Jeanne Gang. This is the first case of Gangâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s design, and the first tallest skyscraper designed by female architects.1

1 "Aqua Tower / Studio Gang", Archdaily, 2017 <http://www.archdaily.com/42694/aqua-tower-studio-gangarchitects/> [accessed 5 August 2017].

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Figure4: The Apperance of Aqua Tower

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he impressive characteristics of Aqua Tower lies in its appearance design, the building looks like a giant sculpture. The gradient of the outdoor platform protruding from each floor of the building determines the vertical shape of the building. The use of the outdoor platform provides a tight connection between the building and the exterior, while the facade and the urban space are directly used by the occupants.1 This treatment created different effects, when looking up near the tower, the tower gives people a strong sense of sculpture, and when looking to the tower from a very far distance, it is still a slender rectangular volume.2

Wavy appearance not only provides the viewing platform extending to high-rise apartments, but also an effective wind dispersing device.6 Whatever the wind from Michigan Lake blew from which angle to the tower, the Irregular wave shape facard can disperse the wind-force, thereby reducing the wind resistance of the whole building. The architectural design also gave up circular and polygon which makes the internal space arrangement and the construction more difficult. The creative wave shape perfectly solved the problem of wind load of highrise buildings in Chicago.7

In the design of the balcony, each balcony outward extension of average 3.7 meters (12 feet).3 In order to create a sculpture facade, using a combination of irregular curved balconies in the design, to create a wave form facade. This wave form design inspired by the striated limestone outcroppings common in the Great Lakes area.4 Because of the building wavy facades and glass wall combined together, the facade of tower is like the choppy water. And it is part of reason why the tower was named as Aqua Tower. Building sustainability is an important part of the architectural design, the balcony design extends outward not only for the great appearance with high wind load resistance, but also can improve the shading limit.5 In addition, the sustainable design also includes a rainwater collection system and building energy-saving lighting. And the green roof area is another aspects of sustainable design, and is the building with the largest area of green roof in Chicago city

1. "Aqua Tower / Studio Gang", Archdaily, 2017 <http://www.archdaily.com/42694/aqua-tower-studio-gang-architects/> [accessed 5 August 2017]. 2. "Aqua Tower / Studio Gang", Archdaily, 2017 <http://www.archdaily.com/42694/aqua-tower-studio-gang-architects/> [accessed 5 August 2017]. 3. "Aqua Tower / Studio Gang", Archdaily, 2017 <http://www.archdaily.com/42694/aqua-tower-studio-gang-architects/> [accessed 5 August 2017]. 4. "Aqua Tower / Studio Gang", Archdaily, 2017 <http://www.archdaily.com/42694/aqua-tower-studio-gang-architects/> [accessed 5 August 2017]. 5. Paul Goldberger, "Wave Effect", The New Yorker, 2017 <http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2010/02/01/wave-effect> [accessed 6 August 2017]. 6.Paul Goldberger, "Wave Effect", The New Yorker, 2017 <http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2010/02/01/wave-effect> [accessed 6 August 2017]. 7. Paul Goldberger, "Wave Effect", The New Yorker, 2017 <http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2010/02/01/wave-effect> [accessed 6 August 2017].

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Figure5: The Balcony of Aqua Tower

Figure4: The Apperance of Aqua Tower

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DESIGN COMPUTATION Through the development of the digital technology, the compuational design became the main technique to produce a digital and physical model. It is inconceivable that design a building without using compuational design in todayâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s society. The digital technology integrates every step of the architectural process from conceptual design to the construction. The compuational design has far more improved the efficiency of the design process and fabrication. And the digital technology hugely improved the efficiency of design process and fabrication.1

1. Oxman, Rivka and Robert Oxman, eds (2014). Theories of the Digital in Architecture (London; New York: Routledge), pp. 1â&#x20AC;&#x201C;10

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1. "Harbin Opera House / MAD Architects", Archdaily, 2017 <http://www.archdaily.

com/778933/harbin-opera-house-mad-architects> [accessed 8 August 2017].

2. "Harbin Opera House: The Art Of Naturalism", Elicht, 2015 <http://www.elicht.cn/ article/9014> [accessed 8 August 2017].

Figure5: The Apperance of Harbin Opera House 18

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ase study 3.0

Naturalism is the main concept of architectural design of the Harbin Opera House. It located at the North bank of Songhua River. The form of the building was inspired and designed in response to the force and spirit of the northern cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s untamed wilderness and frigid climate.1 The exterior of the building is made of aluminium plate because its great performace under the extreme weather in Harbin, where the temperature difference extremely huge from forty degrees below zero to forty degrees above zero. 2

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Figure5: The viewing aisle of Harbin Opera House

CONCEPTUALISATION

T he design team doesn’t want to make this building like a “wallpaper” of the city, which makes

people only want to take a picture, but make people want to get close to it, want to get into it, and even have the urge to climb it.1 People can walk along the viewing aisle on the facade from the ground to the top of the opera house and access the top outdoor theatre and viewing platform. At night, the lights make the viewing aisle a guide for people to climb up. Inside, the huge skylight at the top is no doubt the focus of the whole lobby. Sunlight pours through the pyramid like glass curtain wall and Spread all over the lobby. Blurring the boundaries of the interior and exterior, making people feel a sense of space between indoor and outdoor.2

1 "Harbin Opera House: The Art Of Naturalism", Elicht, 2015 <http://www.elicht.cn/ article/9014> [accessed 8 August 2017].

2 "Harbin Opera House: The Design Of Lighting System", Elicht, 2016 <http://www. elicht.cn/article/8704> [accessed 9 August 2017].

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Figure6: The light effect at the lobby

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Figure7+8: The Steel Frame System of the grand theater

Figure 9: Simulation of different types of vibration earth quake to test the steel frame system

T he main load-bearing system of the Harbin Grand Theater is a steel frame structure. In order to achieve the purpose of design, the structure of the steel frame becomes very complicated. The design team mainly uses MIDAS GEN V7.30 software to build the whole model.1 At the same time, the whole simplified model is established by using SATWE software in PKPM 2008.2 Each steel component of the steel frame system mainly reference to the MIDAS simulation results.3 While the other component made by concrete mainly reference to the SATWE simulation results. To ensure the load bearing ability and the resistance to rare earthquake damage. The design team uses the computational technology to simulate the different vibration modes and extent of the earthquake to test whether the design of the steel structure can perform well. 4 1Fucong Dai and Ming Zhu, "The Structural Design Of Harbin Opera House", Building Strucure, 43.17 (2017), 39-37. 2Fucong Dai and Ming Zhu, "The Structural Design Of Harbin Opera House", Building Strucure, 43.17 (2017), 39-37. 3Fucong Dai and Ming Zhu, "The Structural Design Of Harbin Opera House", Building Strucure, 43.17 (2017), 39-37. 4Fucong Dai and Ming Zhu, "The Structural Design Of Harbin Opera House", Building Strucure, 43.17 (2017), 39-37. CONCEPTUALISATION 23

Figure 10: The curved wall of the interior grand theater 24

CONCEPTUALISATION

Figure 11: The curved wall of the interior grand theater

IMAD n view of the acoustics required by the theatre, the team opted for a warm - textured Manchurian

ash wood.1 Using computational design technology to design the interior and exterior curved walls of the theater. And simulate the effect of sound wave on the surface of curved wall, ensure that complex surfaces take into account not only the aesthetics but also the acoustics function as a grand theater can be perfectly reflected.2 Moreover, The lighting design for the theatre also uses the computational technology. Through the parameterization and the â&#x20AC;&#x153;randomly scatteredâ&#x20AC;? approach to create the visual effects of the stars all over the sky.3 With different sizes of spotlights to achieve both functional and structural echoes 1 HengMin Wang, "The Art Of Harbin Opera House", 360Doc, 2016 <http://www.360doc. com/content/17/0428/07/741756_649259777.shtml> [accessed 6 August 2017].

2HengMin Wang, "The Art Of Harbin Opera House", 360Doc, 2016 <http://www.360doc. com/content/17/0428/07/741756_649259777.shtml> [accessed 6 August 2017].

3"Harbin Opera House: The Design Of Lighting System", Elicht, 2016 <http://www.elicht.cn/ article/8704> [accessed 9 August 2017].

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Figure 12: The Appearance of the ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2014-15

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ase study 4.0

The ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2014-15 demonstrates the architectural potential of a novel building method inspired by the underwater nest construction of the water spider.1 The whole pavilion is a soft film. The robot inside woven reinforced carbon fiber reinforced to form the light fiber composite shell structure.2 At the same time, this construction method uses the least material to achieve structural stability. It has a wide range of applications prospect in computer design, simulation design and manufacturing process.3 The whole design concept is based on the application of bionics in fiber reinforced structure. This application does not require complex formwork, but it can adapt to different requirements of different structures. The research team studied water spider â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;s life pattern under the water. Wayer spider will build a reinforced air bubble to allow them to survive under water. Spider filaments, which act as bubble support structures, allow air bubble to resistant the changes in water flow.4 To provide a safe and stable habitat for the spider

1. ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2014-15 / ICD / ITKE University Of Stuttgart", Archdaily, 2017 <http://www.

archdaily.com/770516/icd-itke-research-pavilion-2014-15-icd-itke-university-of-stuttgart> [accessed 8 August 2017]. 2. ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2014-15 | Institute For Computational Design And Construction", Icd.Uni-Stuttgart. De, 2017 <http://icd.uni-stuttgart.de/?p=12965> [accessed 9 August 2017].article/9014> [accessed 8 August 2017]. 3. ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2014-15 / ICD / ITKE University Of Stuttgart", Archdaily, 2017 <http://www. archdaily.com/770516/icd-itke-research-pavilion-2014-15-icd-itke-university-of-stuttgart> [accessed 8 August 2017].

CONCEPTUALISATION 27

Figure 13: The Proccess of Robotic Arm Implanting the fiber into the firm.

A t the beginning of the design and construction process, the shell geometry

and main fiber bundle locations are generated by a computational form finding method, which integrates fabrication constraints and structural simulation.1 The thin film of the pavilion was formed under mechanical air pressure. Then the robotic arm enters the firm and implanted the carbon fiber. When the carbon fibers harderns, it will becomes a solid structure. However, The changing stiffness of the pneumatic formwork and the resulting fluctuations in deformation during the fiber placement process pose a particular challenge to the robot control.2 In order to overcome this challenge, the research team implanted embedded sensor system on the robot arm to record the current position and contact force during the production process. The development of such a cyber-physical system allows constant feedback between the actual production conditions and the digital generation of robot control codes.3

This represents not only an important development in the context of this project, but more generally provides new opportunities for adaptive robotic construction processes.4 The whole exhibition pavilion covers an area of 40 square meters, 130 cubic meters in volume, 7.5 meters in span, the highest place is 4.5 meters but the total weight is only 260 kilograms which means that 6.5 kilograms per square meter.5 This advanced work of computer design, simulation, and manufacturing technology demonstrates the innovative potential of interdisciplinary research and teaching. The result is not only a particularly material-effective construction, but also an innovative and expressive architectural

1. ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2014-15 / ICD / ITKE University Of Stuttgart", Archdaily, 2017 <http://www.archdaily.com/770516/icd-itke-research-pavilion-2014-15-icd-itke-university-of-stuttgart> [accessed 8 August 2017]. 2."ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2014-15 | Institute For Computational Design And Construction", Icd.Uni-Stuttgart.De, 2017 <http://icd.uni-stuttgart.de/?p=12965> [accessed 9 August 2017]. 3. ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2014-15 / ICD / ITKE University Of Stuttgart", Archdaily, 2017 <http://www.archdaily.com/770516/icd-itke-research-pavilion-2014-15-icd-itke-university-of-stuttgart> [accessed 4. "ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2014-15 | Institute For Computational Design And Construction", Icd.Uni-Stuttgart.De, 2017 <http://icd.uni-stuttgart.de/?p=12965> [accessed 9 August 2017]. 5.. ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2014-15 / ICD / ITKE University Of Stuttgart", Archdaily, 2017 <http://www.archdaily.com/770516/icd-itke-research-pavilion-2014-15-icd-itke-university-of-stuttgart> [accessed

CONCEPTUALISATION

Figure 14: The Appearance of the ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2014-15

Figure 14: The Inside View of the ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2014-15 CONCEPTUALISATION 29

COMPOSITION / GENERATION In Lecture3, one of the most interesting part is the Bird-oid Objects described a generative design process based on the behavior response of the bioigical characteristic of the birds, by scripting the computer to keep a certain distance between units under certain conditions, magnificent figues are automatically generated with a simpler rule. By computational design, the resulted design outcome would achieve optimal qualities both spatially and materially, and efficiency within the given environment. With the introduction of digital modeling technology, the process of design has changed dramatically from this generation, and architects have begun to digitise their idea by using software, towards architects creating their own software. Software skill such as algorithmic thinking, paramatric modelling and algorithmic thinking are becoming more and more popular and indispensable part of design process and today’s architecture world.1 Generation is a new form of architecture based on rules and programming the logic behind design ideas. 2There are both benefits and disadvantages to using generation in the architectural design process. It enables new ways of thinking approaches and creates opportunities in the design process, fabrication and construction.

1Peters, Brady. (2013) ‘Computation Works: The Building of Algorithmic Thought’, Architectural Design, 83, 2, pp. 08-15 2Peters, Brady. (2013) ‘Computation Works: The Building of Algorithmic Thought’, Architectural Design, 83, 2, pp. 08-15

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ase study 5.0

The project “Green Viod” was designed by the the Laboratory for Visionary Architecture (LAVA) Founded in 2007 by Chris Bosse and Tobias Wallisser.1 The main idea of designing the green void was derived from nature, achieved by the lightweight fabric. In this design, the newest digital fabrication and engineering techniques has been used to create more with less.2 The installation was comprised of 3000cubic metres of space enclosed within a minimal surface area of 300 square metres and used only 40 kg of lightweight material.3

1"Into The Green Void", Indesignlive | Daily Connection To Architecture And Design, 2017 <http://www. indesignlive.com/projects/into-the-green-void> [accessed 10 August 2017].

2Ethel Pohl, "Green Void / LAVA", Archdaily, 2017 <http://www.archdaily.com/10233/green-void-lava> [accessed 9 August 2017].

3 "Green Void » LAVA", L-A-V-A.Net, 2017 <http://www.l-a-v-a.net/projects/green-void/> [accessed 10 August 2017].

CONCEPTUALISATION

Figure 15: The Appearance Of The Green Viod CONCEPTUALISATION 33

T he generative compuation is demonstrated highly through the project of Green Void. This design created a new way of digital workflow, the generation of space out of a lightweight material with minimal adjustments on the construction site to make the installation proccess in a minimum time. The most advanced digital workflow is used in this design and manufacturing process. It start with generating free form by parametric 3d modeling, that is engineered structurally before a process of computer controlled (CNC) material cutting and mechanical re-seaming.1 After the similation of complexity in naturally evolving systems, the initial free form 3d model feeds directly into a production-line of sail-makingsoftware and digital manufacturing.robotic construction processes.2

The shape of the installation is not explicitly designed, but rather the result of the most effective connections between different boundaries in three-dimensional space, inspired by nature in cells, crystals, and soap bubbles.3 The design team determines the connection points in the space, and rest of connection points were calculated by the mathematical formulation of a minimal surface.4 Aiming to achieve the beauty of the force of gravity, tention which is similar

1. Ethel

design concept. This design has successfully pursued the best efficiency in material use, construction weight, manufacturing and installation time, while at the same time achieving maximum visual impact in the large atrium space. LAVAâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s process of optimized minimal surface design and CNC (computer numeric code) fabrication technology allows the sculpture to reveal a new dimension in sustainable design practice5

Figure 16: The Digital model of the Green Void

Pohl, "Green Void / LAVA", Archdaily, 2017 <http://www.archdaily.com/10233/green-void-lava> [accessed 9 August 2017]. Pohl, "Green Void / LAVA", Archdaily, 2017 <http://www.archdaily.com/10233/green-void-lava> [accessed 9 August 2017]. 3. Ethel Pohl, "Green Void / LAVA", Archdaily, 2017 <http://www.archdaily.com/10233/green-void-lava> [accessed 9 August 2017]. 4. Green Void Âť LAVA", L-A-V-A.Net, 2017 <http://www.l-a-v-a.net/projects/green-void/> [accessed 10 August 2017]. 5.. Ethel Pohl, "Green Void / LAVA", Archdaily, 2017 <http://www.archdaily.com/10233/green-void-lava> [accessed 9 August 2017]. 2."Ethel

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Figure 17: The Digital model of the Green Void CONCEPTUALISATION 35

1. Fondation Louis Vuitton / Gehry Partners", Archdaily, 2017 <http://www.archdaily.com/555694/fondation-

louis-vuitton-gehry-partners> [accessed 10 August 2017].

2. Is The "Space Ship" Or A Cloud ? The Opening Of The Louis Weedon Art Museum!", MOT TIMES, 2017 <http:// www.mottimes.com/cht/article_detail.php?type=0&serial=1173> [accessed 11 August 2017]. 3.Fondation Louis Vuitton / Gehry Partners", Archdaily, 2017 <http://www.archdaily.com/555694/fondationlouis-vuitton-gehry-partners> [accessed 10 August 2017].

Figure 18: The Apperance of The Louis Vuitton art museum 36

CONCEPTUALISATION

ase study 6.0

The Louis Vuitton art museum was designed by the Gehry Prtner located in the woodland park of the Bois de Boulogne in Paris.1 The shape of the building is pretty outstanding and unque. People could easily notice this building even standing miles away from it. These great curved shields twist and turn in the architectâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s trademark style.2 Thoes shields also has very interestng and different angles ponting to different direction and extending above the tree. It seemed as if there was a violent storm. a dense thicket of steel struts and wooden beams that have been forced3

CONCEPTUALISATION 37

Igeometrically n order to construct and achieve he complex design. Gehry Prtnerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s employed high technological simulation techniques and embeded intelligence into the Louis Vuitton art museum. Under this condition, the complex geometric form pushed the load bearing ability of a material in to a brand new level.1 The mass-customised folded glass and curved concrete panels are characteristic of the complex geometry achieved at an unprecedented scale.2

Furthermore, the project has been a catalyst for international innovation in digital design and construction, setting new standards for the application of advanced digital and manufacturing technologies.3 Design models, engineering rules, and assembly constraints have more than 400 people to provide them with a common webhosted 3D digital model, which intelligently adapted itself to design requirements. The facade formed by more than 19,000 concrete panels and 3600 glass panels.4 And using mathematical techniques to simulate. Moreover, using advanced industrial robots, all automated from the shared 3D model. New software was developed specifically for sharing and working with the complex design. Meanwhile, computational applications were also used heavily in the fabrication stage, for instance a large parametric glass mould allowed the glass sheets to bemeticulously bent into the

Without such implicit material optimization, this achievement and scale of construction can not be achieved, It also proves the crucial position of computational design in the field of architecture and architecture. It seems like that the design process of the ouis Vuitton museum was preconceived outside parameters of the computer because the design of the Louis Vuitton museum was start with and go through with the formal human composition. Therefore, we could say that this project did not put the focus on the on computaion form finding or generation. Instead, it applies computational design capabilities to make it possible to construct such design intent, that would be impossible in the absence of these computational tools. The great advantage of this design is that it is possible to achieve rather than it separate from generative form computaion.

Figure 19: The Apperance of The Louis Vuitton art museum at Night

1. Fondation Louis Vuitton / Gehry Partners", Archdaily, 2017 <http://www.archdaily.com/555694/fondation-louis-vuitton-gehry-partners> [accessed 10 August 2017]. 2."Oliver Wainwright, "Frank Gehry's Fondation Louis Vuitton Shows He Doesn't Know When To Stop", The Guardian, 2017 <https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2014/oct/21/frank-gehry-fondation-louisvuitton-shows-he-doesnt-know-when-to-stop> [accessed 11 August 2017]. 3. Fondation Louis Vuitton / Gehry Partners", Archdaily, 2017 <http://www.archdaily.com/555694/fondation-louis-vuitton-gehry-partners> [accessed 10 August 2017]. 4. Fondation Louis Vuitton / Gehry Partners", Archdaily, 2017 <http://www.archdaily.com/555694/fondation-louis-vuitton-gehry-partners> [accessed 10 August 2017].

CONCEPTUALISATION

Figure 20: The process of construction

Figure 21: The Curved Glass Wall CONCEPTUALISATION 39

F uture depends on how we design the future. There is no doubt that only the new

idea can change the world and create the future. Good design brings bright future to us and oppositely the bad design might ruin the future. And I think that is why the sustainability is crucial for design featuring. However, some people might question about the term of sustainability and argue that the sustainability can not achieve, and we will spend more resources and money to create the sustainable facilities. Whatever sustainable technology and design we used the building, it still will consume the resource and cause damage to the surrounding environment. Although, it is true that as long as we build something, the resource will be consumed and cause damage to the environment. It is worthy to do it. If we do not consider sustainability while we design, it will cost more damage to the environment, and it will waste more resources and energy. Through the case study from the section of design future, I realized how powerful the sustainable design could be. The rain water collecting system in the Birdâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Nest Stadium could save 60000 tons of water per year, the solar lighting system within the National stadium not only could provide lighting to the stadium but also could power the underground garage and even surrounding resident family. The outdoor solar power lighting system in the Olympic village can save about 10 million kWh electricity per year. Beijing Olympic Organizing Committee Deputy Minister of Environmental Engineering Department Yu Xiaoxuan said that in the 2 million square meters of Olympic projects, 26.7% of the area will be the use of renewable energy and other green energy.168 building energy

CONCEPTUALISATION

conservation project in the conservation of energy, equivalent to an annual reduction of 200 thousand tons of carbon dioxide emissions. As fry mentioned that human centeredness had adopted the attitude that the planet is an infinite at our disposal. We have to change the current situation and take back our future by better design. Moreover, to the section of the computational design, with the development of the technologyďź&#x152;the computational design are redefining architectural designing process and architectural practice. In the new era of computational design, the idea of architectural generation through the logic of the algorithm gradually replaced the old design process. The computation introduced a whole new architectural work flow where t.The digital technology integrates every step of the architectural process from conceptual design to the construction. The digital technology has far more improved the efficiency of the design process and fabrication. For now, it is hard to imagine that how to design a project without using any computational design. Digital technology allowed us to see the three-dimensional model of our design before the physical model is made. We could test more prototype and materials, fix mistakes and get the best result before we fabricate. The digital technology not only hugely improved the efficiency of design process and fabrication but also gives designer more opportunities to test more and learn more which results in the best outcome of the design. Furthermore, unlike conventional composition design approach, computational design approach, computational generation could go beyond

Rules that designer created, unexpected computation results. However, as designer begin to more and more rely on the computational design, especially generate free form through the parametric design. The Much different voice came up, Is the architect doing the design or the software? Is the architect control the tools or the tools controls architect? In my opinion after the study of those precedent case, Just as David said on the tutorial, People invented hammer as a tool to help for doing work. I donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t think the hammer could control human. The person decided which nail we should push into the timber rather than a hammer. It is the same reason for the computational design. As an architect or digital designer, the computational design is always the tool for us, as long as we know what we what to design because it's we going to decide which design result is good or bad rather than the tools.

CONCLUSION

CONCEPTUALISATION 41

CONCEPTUALISATION

LEARNING OUTCOME

A fter the first three-week study of the Studio Air, my understanding of the sustainability and

computational design is getting deeper. There is a clearer picture of how to design a better work and how to become a good designer. To more specifically, before I take this subject, my impression of parametric design is like short cuts to create the complex surface of geometry form by simply put in the formula rather than the conventional design process which designs something from the original. After having understood the computational design and algorithm thinking I realized that it is not the short cut but a long way around. Although the digital design improves the efficiency of the design process dramatically, it gives you more opportunity to create more and tests more new form and prototype to compare and decided which one is the best. Which means you may need to do 100 or 200 times experiment to get the best result. To my perspective, i have realized that it is essential to process a huge amount of testing of your design in the aspects of the structural system, material system.A good designer has to have a reason that when you make every step for your deign. The designer can not say that because I think it looks better. You need to do the test and contrast each other and figure out which is good or bad and why. Michael argues that â&#x20AC;&#x153;Making becomes knowledge or intelligence creation, In this way thinking and doing, design and fabrication, and prototype and final design become blurred, interactive and part of a nonlinear means of innovationâ&#x20AC;?1 A good designer will constantly work on something, pulling it apart, pulling it together, transforming and rearranging it. Simple try every thing and any possibilities, even some thing bound to fail. During these process, you will gain a lot of nutrition and might come up a new idea which will lead more failures or improves you design or fix your issue of your design. And after the ultimate test and experience of the hell, you will get the best design.

1Iwamoto, L 2009, Digital Fabrications: Architectural and Material Techniques, Princeton Architectural Press, New York

CONCEPTUALISATION 43

CONTENTS Part B : Design Criteria B.0 Fear B.1 Process Diagram B.2 Case Study 1.0 B.3 Case Study 2.0 B.4 Process Sketch Development B.5 Proposal 1.0 B.6 Proposal 2.0 B.7 Sketch Book B.8 Learining Outcome Reference List

CONCEPTUALISATION

B DESIGN CRITERIA

CONCEPTUALISATION 45

Figure 1: Fear of roller coaster Accident Collage

CONCEPTUALISATION

FEAR: Roller Coaster Accident

B.0 CONCEPTUALISATION 47

Figure 2: Diagram of Roller Coaster Motion

CONCEPTUALISATION

Roller Coatser Motion Diagram

B.1 CONCEPTUALISATION 49

CASE STUDY 1.0 Driftwood was designed by concept designer Danecia Sibingo a 3rd year student, and a team that includes Lyn Hayek, Yoojin Kim, and Taeyoung Lee.1 It is neither art nor architecture, science nor ecological adventure, but a sculptural installation and prototype that defies classification.2 It embraces invention, experimentation, new materials and aesthetic intelligence. 3 This part is the focus of a pre - made definition that was provided. This was utilised in order to gain a basic understanding of how a sectioned form might be created. 1 . Brad Turner, "Driftwood Pavilion By AA Unit 2 Opens | Dezeen", Dezeen, 2017 <https://www.dezeen. com/2009/07/03/driftwood-pavilion-by-aa-unit-2-opens/> [accessed 10 September 2017].

2Brad Turner, "Driftwood Pavilion By AA Unit 2 Opens | Dezeen", Dezeen, 2017 <https://www.dezeen. com/2009/07/03/driftwood-pavilion-by-aa-unit-2-opens/> [accessed 10 September 2017].

3Brad Turner, "Driftwood Pavilion By AA Unit 2 Opens | Dezeen", Dezeen, 2017 <https://www.dezeen. com/2009/07/03/driftwood-pavilion-by-aa-unit-2-opens/> [accessed 10 September 2017].

CONCEPTUALISATION

Figure 2: Drfft Wood Pavillion Inside View CONCEPTUALISATION 51

pecies Exploration

Species Exploration 1.0 Original Driftt wood pavilion form density adjustment

1.1

Species Exploration 2.0 Through the way of adjusting the parameter of the deconstruct point , some part of the form will disappear in an order.

2.1

Species Exploration 3.0 Becasue of the form of pavilion is driven from the center curve, therefore i decided to change the type of the curve to see what the over all form will change â&#x20AC;˘ Start with circle in the middle â&#x20AC;˘ Adjusting the radius and position of the circle curve

CONCEPTUALISATION

3.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

2.2

2.3

2.4

3.2

3.3

3.4

CONCEPTUALISATION 53

pecies Exploration

Species Exploration 4.0 Transfer the curve shape into the triangle. At the mean time, to adjust its position and size to change the form of the origin model.

4.1

Species Exploration 5.0 Transfer the curve shape into the Rectcangle. At the mean time, to adjust its position and size to change the form of the origin model.

5.1

Species Exploration 6.0 Transfer the curve shape into the Pentagon. At the mean time, to adjust its position and size to change the form of the origin model.

6.1

CONCEPTUALISATION

4.2

5.2

6.2

4.3

5.3

6.3

4.4

5.4

6.4

CONCEPTUALISATION 55

pecies Exploration

Species Exploration 7.0 Hexagonal Base Curve

7.1

Species Exploration 8.0 Heptagonal Base Curve

8.1

Species Exploration 9.0 Octagonal Base Curve

9.1

CONCEPTUALISATION

7.2

7.3

7.4

8.2

8.3

8.4

9.2

9.3

9.4

CONCEPTUALISATION 57

uccessful Species

3.1

The 3.1 circle base curve transformation does not change the original form dramatically. However, it keeps the simplicity and generous feature while opened a gap to the enclosed ring structure. I think this opening gives new energy to the whole building. People can walk through it, into the middle of the pavilion, and have more interaction with the building. Compared to other species, the simplicity and generously streamlined structure look the best compared to a complex, disordered structure.

CONCEPTUALISATION

4.4

Compared to the 3.1, the 4.4 recta changed the original form of the drift wo I choose this instead of other more com is that this form not only neutralizes the but also retains the original style to som the picture, as a result of the middle squ octopus, produced four tentacles. Thes part. They generate four corridors tha attract people to approach it and walk i

angular base curve completely ood pavilion. The reason that why mplicated and intricate variation e relatively complex deformation me extent. As can be seen from uare, the whole building, like the se four tentacles are my favorite at lead to the center, guide and into it

5.3

The 5.3 Variation is generated by the triangle base curve. The triangular curve allowed the original form transferred to a closed structure similar to the five pointed star. Compared to the original ring structure, the five pointed star structure gives the building more vitality and a sense of depth.Although it is a closed structure, the four short edges of the five pointed star structure are arched structures that allow people to walk in four different directions to interact with the building

CONCEPTUALISATION 59

CASE STUDY 2.0 The winning submission for the sculptured Webb bridge came from artist, Robert Owen in collaboration with Denton Corker Marshall, architects.1 The design developed out of a desire for a symbolic and poetic demonstration of reconciliation and indigenous history provided a source of its inspiration. 2 This part is the focus of the reverse engineering the web bridge project and tries to establish how the project could have been produced using grasshopper. I choose the web bridge as the reverse engineering project is because it cooperate with initial design idea of my process, and I enjoyed the circular and random zigzag steel form of the bridge.

CONCEPTUALISATION

1. "Webb Bridge", ROBERT OWEN, 2017 <https://www.robertowen.com.au/webb-bridge-1/> [accessed 14

September 2017].

2. "Webb Bridge", ROBERT OWEN, 2017 <https://www.robertowen.com.au/webb-bridge-1/> [accessed 14 September 2017].

Figure 4: Webb Bridge Inside View CONCEPTUALISATION 61

There are two main components to the bridge: the deck/belly of pigmented concrete screed on steel box beams and the containing baskets or ribs of circular and ovoid hoops which encircle the bridge deck.1 The hoops vary in width from 5 to 8.7m and in height from 4 to 8.9m high.2 They are constructed from steel sections 15 x 150mm, occurring at varying centers along the bridge. These are interconnected by a series of steel straps 150mm wide.3 The web bridge proved to be a particularly difficult project to reverse engineer. At first glance, it appears to be quite a simple construction: a base created by pipe component and trimmed into half. However, except the base geometry, the complexity of the random steel form of the bridge emerges. The most difficult part of this reverse-engineering exercise is the finding the random zigzag web form of the steel bridge and the variation of the steel hoops. Through the exploration and study from the online video, I found the way of disturbing the surface and dividing the T values of the points on the curve to break the point on the line randomly. While multiplying by vectors and move points to produce a zigzag edge. However, I failed to find the variation of the hoops.

SrfSplit

Curve

Base

Pipe

Generate Thickness

Pipe SDivide Random

Relltem xProd

Amp

Cullpt

xProd

Amp

Cullpt

Join

Zigzag

IntCrv Circular Ring

Figure 5: Reverse Enginnering Process Diagram

1. Denton Marshall, "Webb Bridge", The Australian Institute Of Architects, 2017 <https://dynamic.architecture.com.au/awards_search?option=showaward&entryno=20053006> [accessed 7 September 2017].. 2.Denton Marshall, "Webb Bridge", The Australian Institute Of Architects, 2017 <https://dynamic.architecture.com.au/awards_search?option=showaward&entryno=20053006> [accessed 7 September 2017]. 3.Denton Marshall, "Webb Bridge", The Australian Institute Of Architects, 2017 <https://dynamic.architecture.com.au/awards_search?option=showaward&entryno=20053006> [accessed 7 September 2017].

CONCEPTUALISATION

Figure 6: Webb Bridge full View

CONCEPTUALISATION 63

everse Engineering Process

Step 1: Creating pipe surface along the curve

Step 4: Through the way of disturbing the surface and dividing the T values of the points on the curve to break the point on the line randomly

CONCEPTUALISATION

Step 2: Divided harf to present t

Step 5: Multiply b points, and ge rings and zigzag

the surface into the base of the

by vectors, move enerate circular edge

Step 3: Creating Another Pipe surface along the surface

Step 6: Generate the Thickness

CONCEPTUALISATION 65

omparison of real project

When finishing reverse engineering model and compare to the real web bridge, I find there is still a big gap in between. Firstly, the thickness and span of the steel frame look different to the real project due to reason which I can not find the actual data of the project. And Secondly, the overall curve shape is also not 100% correct to the real project.

Figure 6: Reverse Enginnering Model Of Webb

Moreover, the most obvious part is the variation circular ring frame, as you can see from the real web bridge project, the variation of the size of the circular ring through the extension of the curve of a bridge. Regular variations in size and spacing of the circular ring frame endow the building with unparalleled vitality and tension. Looking back at my model, because the same size and spacing of the circular ring frame make the whole model look stiff. However, through the learning process of creating the reverse engineer model, there were many stuck point and difficulties through the process, but I overcame those challenge the technical ability to use grasshopper has been pushed and improved a lot. Figure 8: Reverse Enginnering Model Of Webb

CONCEPTUALISATION

b Bridge Inside View

Bridge Full View

Figure 7: Webb Bridge Inside View

Figure 9: Webb Bridge Full View

CONCEPTUALISATION 67

B.4

CONCEPTUALISATION

Process Sketch Development This section will document ALL of my Process experimentation results to date. The key task in this section is to show my struggle and developing process and experinment of TRANSLATING the process into Grasshopper.

CONCEPTUALISATION 69

pecies Exploration

Family Exploration 1.0 The line work connection in between two curve shape & Density Adjustment and numbers of connecting points

1.0.1

Family Exploration 1.0 Basic Curve Shape Changed & Density Adjustment and numbers of connecting points

1.1.1

Family Exploration 1.2 Rotate and Move the Basic Curve shape & Density Adjustment

Overall, the experimentation of the Species 1 is not successful. Because this design is completely restricted by the initial curve shape in result less variation.

CONCEPTUALISATION

1.2.1

1.2.5

1.0.2

1.0.3

1.0.4

1.1.2

1.1.3

1.1.4

1.2.2

1.2.3

1.2.4

1.2.6

1.2.7

1.2.8

CONCEPTUALISATION 71

pecies Exploration

Family Exploration 2.0 Start with a enclosed ring shape. And Twiste it. And i generate the random box over the surface.

Same problem with the species 1. it resitriced by the initial geomett. Whatever how much time i twist the ring shape. It always looks the same. However not like the species 1, the difinition i created this time has many parameters I could could control. Therefore, When i get rid of the surface and observate the line work within the surface. I realized this is where i start.

CONCEPTUALISATION

2.0.1

2.0.5

2.0.9

2.0.2

2.0.3

2.0.4

2.0.6

2.0.7

2.0.8

2.0.10

2.0.11

2.0.12

CONCEPTUALISATION 73

pecies Exploration

Family Exploration 2.1 Triangle base form with control of rotation and random box line work random shake experiment

2.0.1

2.0.2

2.0.4

2.0.5

Family Exploration 2.2 Square base form with control of rotation and random box line work random shake experiment

CONCEPTUALISATION

2.2.1

2.2.2

2.2.6

2.2.7

2.0.3

2.0.6

1.0.1

2.2.3

2.2.4

2.2.5

2.2.8

2.2.9

CONCEPTUALISATION 75

Family Exploration 2.3 Pentagon base form with control of rotation and random box line work random shake experiment

2.3.1

2.3.2

2.3.6

2.3.7

2.4.1

2.4.

2.4.6

2.4

Family Exploration 2.4 Hexagon base form with control of rotation and random box line work random shake experiment

CONCEPTUALISATION

2.3.3

2.3.4

2.3.5

2.3.8

2.3.9

2.3.10

2.4.3

2.4.4

2.4.5

4.7

2.4.8

2.4.9

2.4.10

CONCEPTUALISATION 77

Famliy Exploration 2.5 Heptagon base form with control of rotation and random box line work random shake experiment

2.5.1

2.5.2

2.5.6

2.5.7

2.6.1

2.6.2

2.6

Family Exploration 2.6 Octagon base form with control of rotation and random box line work random shake experiment

CONCEPTUALISATION

2.5.3

2.5.8

2.5.9

2.5.10

2.6.3

2.6.4

2.6.5

6.3

2.5.4

2.5.5

2.6.4

CONCEPTUALISATION 79

Family Exploration 2.7 Octagon base form with control of radius of ring shape change and the size random box line work experiment

2.7.1

2.7.6

2.8.1

2.8.6

Family Exploration 2.8 Octagon base form with control of cross section's form of ring shape change and the control of rotation experiment

CONCEPTUALISATION

2.7.2

2.7.3

2.7.4

2.7.5

2.7.7

2.7.8

2.7.9

2.7.10

2.8.2

2.8.3

2.8.4

2.8.5

2.8.7

2.8.8

2.8.9

2.8.10

CONCEPTUALISATION 81

pecies Exploration

Family Exploration 3.0 Cutted and Stand Triangle Arch form with space in the middle. The control of Rotation and cross section form and cutting height of the orginal formexperiment

3.0.1

3.0.2

3.0.6

3.0.7

3.1.1

3.1.2

Family Exploration 3.1 Cutted and Stand Triangle Arch form with space in the middle. The control of the size of random box line work experiment

CONCEPTUALISATION

3.0.3

3.0.4

3.1.3

3.0.5

3.1.4

CONCEPTUALISATION 83

Family Exploration 3.2 Cutted and Stand pentagon Arch form with space in the middle.

3.2.1 The control of Rotation and cutting height of the orginal form experiment

3.2.5

Family Exploration 3.3 Cutted and Stand Pentagon Arch form with space in the middle.

3.3.1

The control of the size of random box line work experiment

3.3.5 84

CONCEPTUALISATION

3.2.2

3.2.3

3.2.4

3.2.6

3.3.2

3.3.3

3.3.6

3.3.7

3.3.4

CONCEPTUALISATION 85

Family Exploration 3.4 Cutted and Stand Octagon Arch form with space in the middle.

3.4.1

The control of Rotation and cutting height of the orginal form experiment

3.4.5

Family Exploration 3.5 Cutted and Stand Octagon Arch form with space in the middle.

3.5.1

The control of the size of random box line work experiment

3.5.5 86

CONCEPTUALISATION

3.4.2

3.4.3

3.4.4

3.4.6

3.5.2

3.5.3

3.5.4

3.5.6 CONCEPTUALISATION 87

pecies Exploration

Family Exploration 4.0 Original Pattern Cross Cut Experimention. Best selected form from species 2 are used as the original form for cut With space in the middle, people could climb in through the edge of the geometry and get into the middle area of the structure

4.0.1

4.0.5

Family Exploration 4.1 Reduce the amount of th line work after the explosion of the random box line work to create interesting skeletal frame

4.1.1

From Triangle base form to Octagon base form with factor (rotation time)=24 (Through the experimentation, we found that when F=24 could achieve the most pleasent line work and form.)

CONCEPTUALISATION

4.1.5

4.0.2

4.0.3

4.0.4

4.1.2

4.1.3

4.1.4

CONCEPTUALISATION 89

Family Exploration 4.2 Triangle base form, Factor 2, 5, 8, 16, 26 experimentation

4.2.1

4.2.5

Family Exploration 4.3 Octagon base form, Factor 2, 5, 8, 16, 26 experimentation

4.3.1

4.3.5 90

CONCEPTUALISATION

4.2.2

4.2.3

4.2.4

4.3.2

4.3.3

4.3.4

CONCEPTUALISATION 91

est Selection Analysis

2.0.3 • Nice look of rotated surface

• Nice look of rotated surface

• Good Potential for further development due to the space in the middle

2.5.9

2.2.4

2.6.1

• Nice look of rotated surface formed a stepped surface

• Perfect Paterns of Octagon

• Good Potential for further development due to the space in the middle

CONCEPTUALISATION

• Line work inside is beatiful

2.3.5 • Unique shape compare to others in the same famliy and similar to starfish • Good Potential for further development due to the smoothing curve at the edge

2.7.10 • Amazing effect of random line work here. Innovation of the greate universe • Line work inside is beatiful • Good Potential for further development due to the space in the middle

2.4.5 • Unique shape compare to others in the same famliy. Although the it is driven by a hexagon, the form of it consists of 2 triangles. • Good Potential for further development due to the space in the middle

2.8.4 • Perfect Paterns of Octagon • Line work inside is beatiful • Good Potential for further development due to the space in the middle

CONCEPTUALISATION 93

3.1.3

3.0.3 • Nice look of rotated surface

• Amazing effect of random line work here.

• Good proportion

• Great potensial if form the line work into the skeletal frame.

• Good cross cutting height to formed the bottom shape

• Complex line work attracting people go uner the arch and obervate the line work with in the structure

• Nice look of rotated surface • Good proportion

3.4.5

CONCEPTUALISATION

• Good cross cutting height to formed the big surface underneath

3.2.2 3.3.5 • Nice look of rotated surface

• Unique and Sharp Shape

• Good proportion

• Good cross cutting height to formed the bottom shape

• Good cross cutting height to formed the bottom surface • Complex line work attracting people go uner the arch and obervate the line work with in the structure

• Unique and Sharp Shape • Good proportion • Good cross cutting height to formed the bottom surface

3.5.5

• Amazing effect of random line work here. • Complex line work attracting people go uner the arch and obervate the line work with in

CONCEPTUALISATION 95

• Nice look of rotated surface • Nice look of overall patterns • Simple and gernerous streamline shape. • Each triangle at the edge are slanted into some direction

4.0.4

• People could climb to the inside space or lay on the slope at the edge enjoy the sunshine or other interact with the design

• Unique abstractive shape • Seeming irregular skeletal line work acctually driven by a regular base shape in the middle. • The random outer extended line work are well proportioned and have better sense of design.

4.2.2

Plan

CONCEPTUALISATION

• Line work not massive but give space for each line and interesting to observate . • Perspective effect

4.1.5

• Line work not massive but give space for each line and interesting to observate . • Perspective effect

Plan

4.3.2

• Line work is quite massive at the middle • Perspective effect

Plan CONCEPTUALISATION 97

B.5

CONCEPTUALISATION

PROPOSAL 1. Through the way of making a lot of twists and turns and creating random lines could unexpecttedly formed a so peacesful, calm and stable feeling form. It is the most interesting place of this design.

Figure 10: Proposal 1 Perspective View CONCEPTUALISATION 99

Figure 11: Proposal 1 Elevation

Figure 11: Proposal 1 Perspective View 100

CONCEPTUALISATION

The smooth curve surface contrasts sharply with the complex, crazy track of the roller coaster.

Through a huge amount of experiments, I chose this patterns as my best choice because this pattern can provide the best and most comfortable surface. No sharp edges but more rounded and smooth. The slope of the surface is not too steep or too flat. People will not feel uncomfortable when they look at the form but gave people a very comfortable feeling. CONCEPTUALISATION 101

The space in the middle and edges can be used for people. They can lean on or lie on the surface enjoy the sunshine or read a book or listen to music. Or use the middle area to play games or picnic. The aim of this design is to slow down peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s movement and enjoy a moment of peace. Sharp contrast again with the fast speed, and the intense and twisted movement of the roller coaster. From the fear of high speed and out of control into a structure provided for people to enjoy the pease moment.

102

CONCEPTUALISATION

Figure 12: Proposal 1 Perspective View

Figure 13: Proposal 1 Inside View CONCEPTUALISATION 103

B.6

PROPOSAL 2. This design is intended to highlight the randomness of my initial design concept. First of all, if you want to design a structure that is full of randomness, it doesn't mean you can make a mess out of a mess. A good design of randomness for me is based on a large number of exploratory experiments, evolving from a regular pattern to an expanding one.

104

CONCEPTUALISATION

Figure 14: Proposal 2 Plan View CONCEPTUALISATION 105

Discovery in the B4 Species2, The most outstanding feature of my design is the richness of line work. So I want to continue this feature and apply it to my design work. When I zoom into the pattern (2.7.10) which is the initial pattern of the Proposal 6. I found that the line work is too dense and massive to see what was going on inside. So I decided to reduce the number of random segments and allow the line segment express its trajectory more clearly. In appearance, the overall structure is a skeletal frame. The geometry of the lower part grows in different directions. The bottom is the densest part and extends to the upper part, and the density decreases Seemingly chaotic lines and their different and random extension directions did not make the whole design disorganized. A closer look reveals that each line extends out of a certain rule. And there is a relatively good proportion and strong sense of design.

106

CONCEPTUALISATION

Figure 15: Proposal 2 Perspective View

Figure 15: Proposal 2 Close Up View CONCEPTUALISATION 107

Figure 16: Proposal 2 Side View

Figure 17: Proposal 2 Side View 108

CONCEPTUALISATION

And the overall design is a really good expression of my design idea which is the fear of roller coaster accident. The random expansion frame can be regarded as the representative of the seemingly crazy and disordered track of roller coaster track. However, The analysis shows that the seemingly disorderly movements of roller coasters run under certain rules, No matter what the track of the roller coaster is, it will return to the original point. Once the accident occurs, the roller coaster will break out of the track; It also means that the original rules framework has been broken. This is strongly linked to the structure of the design. The seemingly disordered growth of frame is actually produced by internal geometric figures. As a result of cutting, many lines were cut off and lost the track back to the origin. As the diagram shows in B2, Although the roller coaster tracks will lead the roller coaster back to the starting point. But if only analyze the motion and the duration of the motion and diagraming, the ending pointing doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t necessarily go back to the starting point. The purpose of this architectural design: I think a good design is a unique style that attracts people to stop and interact with them. Perspective effect is a great feature of this design. Because of the multidimensional extension of the frame, the effect is different from every angle. But how to create space and use it in this structure, I think it will be found later in the exploration. In a word, I think this design has great potential for further, development!

CONCEPTUALISATION 109

Through the exploration of Part B, it not only strengthens my grasshopper skills but also gives me a deeper understanding of parametric design. In this criteria, I believe that I have developed my digital skills far more than I have earlier. The experiments with different iterations and species helped push the boundaries and pushed me to understand the use of certain functions and commands. The pressure was great at the beginning, because, for me, the zero grasshopper skills were a big challenge for me to accomplish the task of Part B Therefore, I was really confused and do not know how to start. However, through continuous learning, explore and the failure again and again. Eventually get back on the right track. A huge amount of, exploration, experimentation, change as many variations as possible and find a good shape from it. Continue to develop, and finally get the best results. In this process I understand the parametric design, although it is easy to make a relatively complex shape, only through a large number of comparisons can show which results are better, which shape is more related to the initial design idea. The styling of the results may have nothing to do with your initial fears, even opposed. This is the most interesting feature of parameterized design for me.

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For my expe of script. I wa in the compl this one scrip script, and m

In fact, there roller coaster and generat by exploring coaster syste roller coaster and track ar are connect research in th I believe this effect.

As for my pr most of the most importa a more sculp for people to how could it a design space interact in the need to be c

riment process, I always focus on a kind ant to be able to explore this kind of script letely and find the maximum variation of pt. But in fact, I can try to create a different make the change from the source.

are many other ways to express the fear of r instead of twisting and rotating surfaces te random lines. For instance, I could start the various relationships with in the roller em. The relationship between man and r, the relationship between roller coaster re different. Three different components ted with different ways. I can do more his area and develop a brand new script. s design will lead to an entirely different

roposal, I have the same problem with student. As an architectural design, the ant thing is how people use it, rather than pture or art structure. How to create space o use, why have to use in certain ways, associate with the initial fear? How do you e and use this space to guide people to e way you want them to? These questions concern in the design process in the future.

Learning Outcome

B.7 CONCEPTUALISATION 111

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APPENDIX - ALGORITHMIC SKETCHES

B.8 CONCEPTUALISATION 113

CONTENTS Part C : Detailed Design C.1 Design Concept C.2 3D Prototype - Large Installation C.3 3D Prototype - Small Installation C.4 Learning Objectives and Outcomes Reference List

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C DETAILED DESIGN

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C.1

DESIGN CONCEPT After the mid crit, numbers of valuable feedback and suggestion were given. This section focus on my DESIGN Changes since mid-sem.

Figure 1: New Proposal 1 Concept Render. CONCEPTUALISATION 117

Moving ahead from the feedback from the interim proposal presentation, a number of issues were raised based on both the form and the architectural meaning of my design. First of all, for my proposal 1, the biggest problem is that my form doesn't match its function. I initially hope that the form I designed can provide people with a comfortable place to lean on, read and chat. However, It can be seen from the picture that although form implements a relatively smooth surface without sharp edges, because of the angle of each component and they all pointing to different direction leads to the result that It is hard for people to comfortably lean on it . It's just like sitting on a weird stone. Second, the connection between my design and my fears is not strong enough. My initial design idea is that the form of the design proposal could make people slow down to cure out on the roller coaster of fear. I think I'm

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not wrong, and it's a good way of thinking. But in order to express the idea better, I have to consider and analysis more about how to use the form.

In the process of thinking, and combined the experience of the subject â&#x20AC;&#x153;the digital design and fabrication,â&#x20AC;? I have come to this conclusion. As for the architectural functions, The designer is not telling people what to do with the form of architecture. But the form of architecture force people spontaneously to do what the designer what them to do. Using the architecture to control people's behavior and movement is the most interesting place of design.

f e d e

d e d s l t h e e e g s e

Figure 2: Proposal 1 Perspective View

Figure 3: Proposal 1 Perspective View CONCEPTUALISATION 119

Figure 4: Proposal 2 Close up View

Figure 5: Proposal 2 Perspective View 120

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The design of proposal 2 is my favorite project. The skeletal frame structure. It has a strong connection with my initial fear of the uncertainty, and random factors could lead the accident of the roller coaster. And I love the form and the richness of the line work. However, the biggest problem is almost impossible to 3d print. First, because the overall structure is very complex and not fully connected. Secondly, The structure itself cannot achieve selfsupport. The most important thing is that it can not create the interior space which makes it difficult to achieve as architecture. Therefore, under the tutorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;'s persuasion, I gave up this design proposal. Tutor hopes that I can transplant this essence to proposal 5. Take the essence and discard the dross, and show the advantages of the two design projects.

CONCEPTUALISATION 121

pecies Exploration

4.0.1

4.0.2

I decided to change my proposal 5 from a solid form for people to lean on to the skeletal form with the internal space. People not only could use the form and the outside area but also able to enter and interact with the form via the internal space. Therefore, go back to the section of the species exploration. The 4.0.3 is more in line with my new requirements. Compared with the proposal 5, the shape of 4.0.3 is more regular and more likely for people to lean on and have the ability to form the inner corridor space. Figure 6: New Proposal 1 formed

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.0.3

4.0.3

a relatively regular interior space.

4.0.4

4.0.5

Figure 7: The New Proposal 1's form have the change of height which makes people can not always walk straight at the interior space.

CONCEPTUALISATION 123

election Analysis and Further Improvement

4.0.3

Compare to the 4.0.1 and 4.0.2 which are very regular triangles and quadrilateral shapes, the shape of 4.0.4 is much more flexible and interesting. Meanwhile, Compare to the 4.04 and 4.05, Because Although the shapes of these two are very interesting, there is no way to form a relatively regular inner space and the smooth exterior surface for people to lean on. Therefore, in order to compromise the shape and function, I choose the 4.0.3, which not only have relatively interesting form but also could form regular interior space.

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Figure 8: The opening of the new proposal 1

According to the need, I added opening on the exterior shape. T opening could lead people into t middle semi-closed space.

an This the

Figure 9: The interior air bag mattress design

For internal design, I don't want to leave it blank inside, which only allow people to walk on the ground. I want to add some interior design to help the exterior shape achieve the purpose of my design more profoundly. The interior design inspired by the SRS (safety airbag system). Because to cure my fear of losing control, the first thing came up to my mind is the SRS. These softbags can save your life when the accident occurs. Meanwhile, These differently sized airbags make it difficult for people to stand and walk in it there it could achieve the purpose of slow peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s movement

CONCEPTUALISATION 125

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The structure of large intallation design consists of two part, the outside space, and interior space. There is the opening leading people into the middle area. And the entrance of the corridor is on both sides. As for the exterior form of the design, only the triangular frame is the loadbearing structure. Rest of them are all made by the soft material.

Figure 10: New Proposal 1 Concept Render. CONCEPTUALISATION 127

People donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t have to go inside of the corridor through the entrance. They could pull and open those line frame and step into the interior space. They could pull and open those line frame and step into the interior space. Regarding healing my fear of lose control, the first impression comes up to my mind is the safety equipment could save my life when the accident happen. Such as the SRS(safety airbag). The internal airbag design is driven from this. Secondly. , The sudden and brutal acceleration and the great height is a terrifying factor of losing control. Therefore, I want my design to have the ability to slow down people's actions and make them have to bend their back or crawl to stay low gravity center. Therefore, because of the exterior form have the change of the height which makes people inside could not always walk straight. The bumpy, soft airbag makes people cannot run fast or jump. Those factors cause people inside will spontaneously stay low or walk bented or crawl. However, when you give up to trying to get rid of the restriction of the form, and completely keep ur body on the soft airbag you will feel great. The feeling of being wrapped up in the soft 128

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stuff. Just like on the bed. It also will make people slow down their movement Meanwhile, in the interior space, The form of the corridor also forms a lot of ramps in the interior space that allow people to lean on. Moreover, because of the line work of the form, The lighting effect inside is quite interesting. It is the feel of twisting. Just like on the roller coaster But because on the roller coaster, it is so fast. This twisting visual effect makes you feel sick. But when you sit there and see this pattern is quite amazing.

As for the architectural meaning. I want to make this place like the playground for kids and the resting place for parents

The meaning of this design is that the parents won't worry about their kids got hurt. Because the interior design of the corridor slows people down, the kids couldn't run fast and make a chase And because inside is all soft, so even they fall down, they won't get hurt. So the parents can rest assured that the children play in it.

e t m s e e t of r. o u e

t d s.

Figure 11: New Proposal 1 Concept Render.

e t e s e. n o e

Figure 12: New Proposal 1 Concept Render. CONCEPTUALISATION 129

After exploration, I found it is really difficult to transplant the feature and idea that the proposal 6 want to express to the form of proposal 5. Because the form of proposal 5 is relatively simple and regular. It will look very abrupt, and there is no way to merge. Therefore, I went back to the starting point. The original idea was to make people slow down. Compare to the large installation which is through the narrow interior space that the form created to control peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s motion. I wish the new proposal could use its own form and the integration of the environment to make people reach a very comfortable and slow state

pecies Exploration

2.0.1

2.0.13

Inspired by the beanbag. It allows people to lie in it and feel soft wrapped Therefore, to achieve the shape I wanted, I went back to PartB's species exploration. I found in the doughnut-shaped family 2 has not fully been explored, If i change the twisted direction, the form may produce comfortable and smooth surfaces allow people to lie on. Therefore, I did the further explorations of species family 2

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2.0.17

2.0.21

2.0.2

2.0.3

2.0.4

2.0.14

2.0.15

2.0.16

2.0.18

2.0.19

2.0.20

2.0.22

2.0.23

2.0.24

CONCEPTUALISATION 131

election Analysis and Further Improvement

2.0.15

2.0.17

Figure 13

2.015 and 2.017 are two relatively good test results. Because they constituted a relatively smooth surface can make people comfortable to lying or lean on the form. The feature of 2.015 is that it forms the plumpest and smooth surface I especially enjoy the ramp on the left side. It feels very natural and suitable for people lie on. Secondly, 2.017 forms the shape of the back of the sofa. However, my original idea was to blend form with the landscape. So I do not want the form blocking the landscape. Therefore, the 2.015 was finally adopted

Figure 14: N

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3: New Proposal 2 bottom plug design.

In the later changes and improvement, I've added a circle of plugs at the bottom of the form. It gives more functionality to the design. It provides charging services, unlimited WiFi Internet access, night lighting, and other functions.

As shown from the concept render, the left side ramp is comfortable for people to relax. Moreover, want to apply soft material contain into the form to maintain the softness and comfort level when people using it. Meanwhile, using the glossy surface to make it looks more attractive when the model light up at night

New Proposal 2 Concept Render.

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For as peo tha say peo The smo lan ma

Figure 15: New Proposal 2 Concept Render.

First ma surf Per esp It g whe

The to m It's slow

The form are

The is d cha wifi Figure 16: New Proposal 2 Concept Render. 134

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Small Installation, the same idea the large proposal. To slow down opleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s movement. What difference is at the form is more simple. If we could y that the large proposal controls opleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s action by the interior form. en, this design is using its softness and ooth exterior form and function and ndscape to slow peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s action and ake people feel peace.

Because especially in places like this park, it's hard to find a place to recharge, And this place not only provides a resting area And it can also serve people who need recharging and wifi.

t of all, let's look at the model. The aterial used in this model is the glossy face and contains soft material inside. rsonally, I prefer the simple design. I pecially enjoy the ramp of this side. gonna be smooth and comfortable en people lean on it.

e space between them allows a tree make the leaves as the natural shelter. very pleasant and enjoyable and w pace to lie under this shade.

ere are many of them in this area to m a more social and public resting ea.

e most important is that there is a plug designed at the bottom. It can be arged for people. And also provide fi service.

CONCEPTUALISATION 135

Figure 17: New Proposal 2 Concept Render. 136

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At night, it will also light them self. That's the reason I apply the bright color over each them is to make them still looks great at night. The colorful light endowed this place the sense of romantic. Young lovers can enjoy the beauty of the night and the slow atmosphere of romance Meanwhile, because it applies the electricity into this area, this place could become the camping area, which successfully achieved the aim of slowing people's movement. CONCEPTUALISATION 137

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C.2

3D Prototype - Large Installation The 3d printing is the construction technique we used in our design. In this section I will show the changed and modification I apply for the design proposal to be printable.

Figure 18: New Proposal 1 3D Printed Model. CONCEPTUALISATION 139

ocumented 3d printing strugle

Figure 20: New Proposal 1 3D Printing Strugle.

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Because of th generate the t will be seriou points of each it looks very d member. In ad all tube shape

he Grasshopper program, when directly thickness of each frame line work, There us connection problems. The connecting line work can not be matched, Meanwhile, disordered and different in length of each ddition, each member of the framework is without the real thickness.

CONCEPTUALISATION 141

odification

Figure 21: New Proposal 1 Modification 3D Printing .

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The problem i grasshopper file model out of t manually fixing thickness proble

is difficult to solve from original e. Therefore, I decided to bake the the grasshopper program and then g the connection, length and the em with rhino.

CONCEPTUALISATION 143

ocumented 3d printing strugle

Figure 22: New Proposal 1 3D Test Printing Issue .

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D fr fr

During the first printing test, the racture and breakage of the external rame work were observed

CONCEPTUALISATION 145

odification

Figure 23: Makebot File -- Supporting Material.

After the investigation, there were two reasons, Firstly, The minimum thickness of 3D printing is 2mm, and the original setting was 1.5mm. Moreover, When making printing documents, I should check and choose the options of supporting material. The computer will automatically help analyze the loadbearing capacity of the structure while adding extra supporting material to the appropriate place to solve the phenomenon of structural damage. 146

CONCEPTUALISATION

Figure 24: Makebot File -- Supporting Material.

Figure 25: Makebot File -- Supporting Material.

CONCEPTUALISATION 147

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inalised 3d printed model

CONCEPTUALISATION

Figure 26: New Proposal 1 3d printed model CONCEPTUALISATION 149

Because of the extra supporting material, the original interior design cannot be displayed, so the internal model is printed out individually 150

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Figure 27: New Proposal 1 Interior Design 3d printed model CONCEPTUALISATION 151

Figure 28: New Proposal 1 3d printed model middle space close up

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CONCEPTUALISATION 153

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C.3

3D Prototype - Small Installation The 3d printing is the construction technique we used in our design. In this section i will show the changed and modification i apply for the design proposal in order to be printable.

CONCEPTUALISATION 155

ocumented 3d printing strugle

Because proposal2's form is relatively simple, I thought it wouldn't be hindered in the 3D printing process. But there are some basic details and issue that have been ignored. Firstly, the model bake out of the grasshopper program is an opened surface without thickness. Therefore, it could not 3d print directly. As shown from the section which indicates that the model is hollow

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odification

For the model to be 3D-printable, the surfaces must be joined together into a single, closed polysurface Therefore, in order to solve this problem Using the command of “Create Solid” to make the model solid and the command of “mesh“ to converts a surface or polysurface to mesh.

CONCEPTUALISATION 157

158

inalised 3d printed model

CONCEPTUALISATION

CONCEPTUALISATION 159

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CONCEPTUALISATION 161

For Part C, the most important part is to endow the architectural meaning to the form that generated in Part B. How people will use this special form? What function does this form could bring? How to connect the form with your fear? And How to make the function of the form healing your fears? For me, the rules I want to follow is that I want my design to make the people who use the building spontaneously reach the state that I want them to achieve thus to achieve the aim of healing the fear. In my opinion, these two design proposal successfully achieved the aim of slowing peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s movement. From the final presentation feedback, The guests and tutor had some arguments about the plugs I designed at the bottom part of the proposal 2. David thinks that my design has successfully achieved the aim of slowing peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s movement. However, others hold that for our course, we should pay more attention to how to use the form. We created through parametric design tools, Instead of adding functional elements to the form to reflect its functionality which is not relevant to its form. In my opinion, first of all, I don't object to their opinion. I agree and accept it.

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Indeed, in the view of our focus of this part is to endow the functionality to the form we created, rather than adding the functional facilities on the form to represent its function which has nothing to do with its form. However, from my personal view, If only considering how to use the form without applying any other functional elements, Meanwhile, with our current parametric design level, the form that we created could only be some place for people to sit on, lie on, climb or be shrouded in a region. We can compare the design in the class; There are hot springs, stage, cemetery, Book Exchange Place. Therefore, for these design of form, If there is no water in hot springs if there is no lighting and sits in the theater, if the Book exchange place has no bookshelves if there is no tombstone in the graveyard. Then, what is the functionality of the form? The plugs are to express the idea of applying the electricity to this area, and it is not in conflict with its form and function. Once this area has electricity, there's a lot to do in the region. However, I've just chosen a few of the functions that are relevant to my form and design concepts.The function of my form itself has not been taken away by

electricity. Without the design of form, material and color, it wonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t achieve the comprehensive effect that I designed to achieve. Furthermore,almost all the students in the class felt difficult to translate their form into architecture and the most difficult part is to make its function is to cure fear effect.I think, because at the beginning of the semester when we designing and exploring how to generate form with fear, we didn't know the form will end up with the function of curing the fear. So once we have form, it's hard for us to apply a proper function of the form meanwhile achieve the effect of curing our fears. If we could think of the function of healing the fear from the beginning of our design process, We will come up ideas of curing fear and incorporate this idea into the design process.And it will eventually achieve the desired effect more natural. All in all, I want to share something more philosophical. Through the semester, I think the biggest harvest this semester

is not only the huge improvement of understanding and skill of parametric design and 3d printing.But also the most importantly, the confident and the emancipation of idea. I appreciate the guidance and the thinking that tutor David brings to the class. Throughout the semester, you keep saying that grades do not represent everything. The most importantly is to make progress and find your position through the process.Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s like to find the place in the balance of yin and Yang, which is meaningful and encouraging. Before, taking the Air Studio, I regard the design as a tedious, painful and endless process. And even if you put a lot of effort and time to your work, you may still get a bad judgment. Therefore, I always feel powerless and stressful when I was taking a subject of a design studio. However, because of tutor David always mentioned in class that the teacher is the tool for you. And the reason why you here is for improving us rather than judge us, which resulting in my thinking of design and study were emancipated.

Learning Objectives and Outcomes

C.4 CONCEPTUALISATION 163

Moreover, you also said that we should regard the design process as a game, and we are the person who set the rules. Why donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t we enjoy the game and the constraint? Your words are really powerful and helpful. I have been touched and inspired by them.I feel more free of the world of design. As you can see through the semester, I begin to set the rules by myself. Just like the Part C, I set the rules of using the form control peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s movement to heal the fear. And I was trying to achieve it, and I finally achieved it. Moreover, I start to not afraid of the judgment that regards them as the suggestion to make my design better. Therefore I become more and more confident and love to express my idea and discuss it with tutor and even defend my idea.

Learning Objectives and Outcomes

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C.4

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