Brainfeed Magazine August 2022 by Brainfeed Magazine

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August 2022 Volume IX Issue 5 `75

Brainfeed

Survey 2022 on Teacher

Retention

August 2022 Volume IX Issue 5

Trend

COVER STORY

Are teachers leaving?

www.brainfeedmagazine.com |4| August 22

Blockchain developer, anyone?

The technology conundrum

26 30

Update

Pedagogy

Well-Being

Innovations in pedagogy

Emerging careers Art for all

Buzzword at VELS is ‘state-of-the-art infrastructure’

Perspectives from Brunei Darussalam

A new paradigm for teaching and learning

‘The future is of short engaging videos’

NIRF Ranking 2022 IIT Madras shines bright

The benefit of going gradeless

Durable skills are inevitable

ISTE and Edtech in the classroom

Tackling stress www.brainfeedmagazine.com |5| August 22

Insta

NEWS In BRIEF

Honourary Doctorate for Nitin Gadkari Nitin Gadkari, the union minister, was felicitated with an honourary degree of Doctor of Science (DSc) at the Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth in Akola, Maharashtra. This honour was conferred upon him by the Governor and Chancellor of public universities, Bhagat Singh Koshyari.

Indian Students shine at International Olympiads

All Kerala Schools to be converted to co-ed from 2023 The State Commission for Protection of Child Rights of Kerala has recommended to the state government to follow co-education system. The commission said that boys-only and girls-only systems should be stopped. The state government has accepted the recommendation. Commission for Protection of Child Rights has instructed that system should be adopted from the next year i.e., 2023 onwards.

In biology, Mayank Pandhari won the gold medal and three of his teammates won silver. Four silver medals were won by India in both, Chemistry and Physics olympiads. 4-6 silver and bronze medals were won by Indian students in the Mathematics Olympiad. The participants were selected through a rigorous screening programme and they were given intense training at Homi Bhabha Centre for Science Education. The Olympiads in India are supported by the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE), Department of Science and Technology (DST), and the Ministry of Education.

ndian students have won gold, silver and bronze medals in International Olympiads held for Mathematics, Physics, Biology and Chemistry in 2022. The mathematics olympiad was held in Norway and and the biology olympiad in Armenia. The rest of the two, physics and chemistry were hosted by Switzerland and China, and were held virtually. Pranjal Srivastava won the gold in the International Mathematics Olympiad, Deevyanshu Malu in the Physics Olympiad. He has been participating in Olympiads since he was 14 and this is his third consecutive gold medal.

All-India ICSE Topper from Pune

argun Kaur Matharu is the ICSE topper of the country. She is from Pune and is a student of St. Mary’s School. Matharu scored a whopping 99.8 per cent in her examinations, the highest in the whole country. She is tied with three other students from Uttar Pradesh (UP). She was at her sister’s birthday party when she found out

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about her achievement. She claims she had expected a good result but was not expecting to rank first in the entire country. Regarding her studying habits, she says “In terms of preparation, the most important thing is that when teachers teach a subject in class, you follow it well. I didn’t take any coaching. I never had a planned schedule. I would study as much as I wanted.” Her interest lies in robotics and wants to study coding eventually. She is also planning to appear for the Join Entrance Examination (JEE).

Insta News

In BRIEF Shreya Pattanayak gets a perfect score in the CBSE Class 10 results Shreya Pattanayak from Bhubaneshwar’s Mother’s Public School scored a perfect 100 in all her subjects in the Class 10 examinations conducted by the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE). “I knew that I will do well but did not expect to score 500 out of 500. My mother and school teachers always guided and helped me in studies. I want to prepare for medicals,” she says.

India and UK sign a MoU on recognition of higher education degrees India and the UK signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to officially recognize each others’ higher education qualifications. The MoU is a part of the India-UK trade partnership agreed on by the two countries last year. A-levels and all UG and PG degrees will be recognised in India. Indian Senior Secondary School or Pre-University certificates will be accepted by higher education institutions in Britain.

Ranjithsinh Disale wins APJ Award A recipient of the Global Teacher Award, Ranjithsinh Disale, from Maharashtra has been selected for the Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam Pride of India Award for 2022. He took to his official Twitter handle and tweeted the information. The award was presented to him on July 27, 2022, at Rameshwaram in Tamil Nadu, the birthplace of Dr. Kalam. Disale tweeted that it was a great pleasure to accept the award from the family of the great scientist, Kalam, who taught our generation to dream big. “This award has certainly increased my responsibility,” he tweeted. In 2020, he won the USD 1 million Global Teacher Prize 2020 for his efforts to promote education among

girls as well as triggering a Quick Response (QR) coded textbook revolution in India. His idea of incorporating QR codes into textbooks was adopted by National Council of Educational Research and Training. The Global Teacher Prize, is considered as the Nobel Prize for teaching. Disale gave up an IT career and enrolled for a teachers’ training programme. His innovative methods made a positive impact on children.

UP boy scores 100 percentile in JEE Mains

‘without preparation’

aumitra Garg, one of the fourteen and the only one from UP to score 100 percentile in the JEE Mains 2022 said that he achieved the feat without much preparation. The 19 year old has also cleared the KVPY – the entrance examination for IISc Bangalore. The goal of Saumitra is to have an engineering degree in Computer Science from an IIT. The teenager claims not to have followed any strict timetable and instead focused on concept clarity and solving higher difficulty and thinking order problems each time. His suggestion for people who attend JEE

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Mains exam is, “there are many books in the market for preparation, rather than being lost in the long list, one should pick an author and dive deep into it.” His choice of Computer Science as his discipline is because of his love towards mathematics and physics. He said that he loves physics and likes mathematics and B.Tech in CS can provide the best of both.

Readers’ Forum Metaverse is one of the latest buzzwords. Everywhere I saw people talking about metaverse, be it education or business. The term and its concept has sparked a lot of discourse. Ever since its inception it has completely redefined everything it came in contact with. Naturally, I, too, wanted to understand what the hoopla was about. I tried looking up information online but somehow I got even more confused. Brainfeed helped clear a lot of that confusion up. I still am a bit confused about certain things but after reading the article in the magazine I believe I’m equipped with enough tools to ask the right questions and know more about it. I would’ve loved to read a bit more about the potential negative impact of such a technology and what we stand to lose when such large-scale changes take place. But even then, the article did a good job at furnishing the reader with the required information. Aravind Kallepalli, Bangalore

Last month’s cover story on gamification of education was very enlightening. I applaud the magazine for being able to provide such a comprehensive picture. The points raised about technology and how it can aid in the general process of learning gave me a lot to think about. I like how the articles provided a balanced view where both, the positive and potential negative aspects, were touched upon. Siddiqa Siddique, Mumbai The article on unconventional jobs and unemployment was a much needed one for students and educators. In India, most of the parents are only focused on higher education in Medical or Engineering field. People should be made aware of other courses and jobs that would be in demand in the future. More articled like this should be made available for them. Articles like this can expand the views of the people who still think that only conventional jobs are comfortable for financial stability. M Prasad, Coimbatore (Readers can send in their suggestions / feedback to info@brainfeedmagazine.com by 10th of every month)

This is in reference to the article by Surbhi Arora on retaining teachers. As a teacher and the head of an institution, I feel that this is a problem that needs to be addressed in the mainstream soon. The problem of teacher retention has started even before the pandemic, but it became a cause of concern since the pandemic. Most of the new graduates are not ready to take up a profession in the educational field citing financial reasons. Heads of the institutions and managements should enquire the reasons why teachers are leaving their jobs. Finding solutions for that can reduce the issue to an extent. Just as the author said, “Mutual respect and a sense of belongingness need to be nurtured.” A better society can only be built if there are enough good quality educators who are willing to spend their time and energy for the students. Poornima Nair, Little Flower School, Ernakulam

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Editorial

e are so congenitally absorbed with the happenings around us that we tend to miss the most pressing issues. Take, for instance, the attrition rate of teachers. It is an old issue, one would say, but post pandemic it has become a serious one.

During the pandemic, a good number left the profession. Stories of teachers selling vegetables, turning gig workers, and a considerable number taking up ITeS jobs surfaced. Earlier this year, when schools reopened after a hiatus of two years, school managements had to face the ignominy of the lack of teachers. If the education system is to be sound, it is imperative that one does not compromise on quality teachers. Right to education becomes meaningless if there is no right to quality education. Attrition rate is just one issue but there are more important questions that we posed as part of the survey. Are the younger lot interested in teaching? Is young India willing to enter the profession? 32 per cent of respondents said that this generation is not willing to get into teaching. The demographic dividend advantage that India has will turn into a liability if the youth are not channelized. India is expected to add another 183 million people to the working age group of 15-64 between 2020-50 and attracting young talent to teach in schools is a necessity. The survey shows two important and positive outcomes – firstly, teachers are willing to take the workload and not as perceived; and secondly, male teachers are not leaving teaching. Women teachers have been the torch bearers and are doing a wonderful job but getting in more male teachers into the fold does no harm. If teaching as a profession is to be looked up to, we need to respect teachers and pay good salaries. I have been a teacher myself for over two-and-a-half decades. Recently, I had an opportunity to interact with Grade 12 students. I asked them if they felt teaching is a noble profession and in unison everyone said yes. I followed it up with another question: How many would like to enter teaching? The silence was baffling. Get the drift?

August 2022 Volume IX Issue 5 Editor-in-Chief Brahmam K V Executive Editor Harish Kakani Editor-at-Large T P Venu Sub Editors Muhammed Fazil Tooba Shaikh Art & Design Ravi Sankar P Circulation Hemachander S +91 91777 74851 Printed, Published and Owned by Kakani Veera Brahmam Printed at Kala Jyothi Process Pvt. Ltd. 1-1-60/5, RTC X Roads Hyderabad-500 020, Telangana, India Published from 8-3-191/565/K, Vengal Rao Nagar SR Nagar Post Hyderabad-500 038 Telangana, India Contact No.: +91 72070 15151 Email info@brainfeedmagazine.com brainfeedmagazine@gmail.com www.brainfeedmagazine.com facebook.com/brainfeededumag twitter.com/brainfeededumag instagram.com/brainfeededumag RNI No. APEG/2013/49994

Brahmam K V

Editor-in-Chief

www.brainfeedmagazine.com |11| August 22

Cover story

Are teachers

leaving? The Brainfeed survey busts some myths related to teacher retention in Indian schools. Why teachers leave is a question that haunts almost every school leader. To understand more, Brainfeed surveyed about 500 principals in July 2022

T P VENU

he biggest myth doing the rounds is – male teachers are leaving educational institutions (Read schools) in droves. This has been busted in the Brainfeed Survey on Teacher Retention 2022. A whopping 71 per cent of the 500-odd respondents said it is not the case. Similarly, another misbelief that teachers leave schools citing ‘overload of work’ too is shattered as 70 per cent of the respondents did not agree. These are two positives that school managements can be assured of. The right to education becomes meaningful only when it is backed by quality teachers, so in that sense, it becomes the right of students and parents to have quality teachers at their service. A major question that all school managements encounter is which parameter should be the topmost priority during recruitment? Speaking to Brainfeed, Neha Roy, 58, a Geography teacher, states, “It is such a paradox. This generation is intelligent but does not want to go that extra yard. During interviews when we ask prospective Geography teachers if they would be fine to take up a crash course in geospatial technology, they back out.” It was not surprising to know that domain knowledge remained high on the priority list as 47.5 per cent of respondents gave domain expertise as the greatest challenge while recruitment.

www.brainfeedmagazine.com |12| August 22

Cover story

What is the greatest challenge in the recruitment of a good teacher?

16.9% 8.5%

47.5%

27.1%

Domain Expertise Communication Salary Expectations Pre-Service training

India has the youngest population in the world with 65 per cent under the age of 35 but are they entering the teaching profession? 32 per cent respondents felt the younger generation is looking out to enter other sectors. Dr B Gayethri Devi, Principal, Little Flower Public School, Bengaluru and Secretary, Karnataka ICSE Schools' Association says, “Gone are the days where an institution would find teachers who have chosen this noble profession by choice. Today, especially in Bengaluru, the IT sector with its lucrative pay packages has lured one and all into the IT sector.” There is a category of women entering the profession not out of passion for teaching but as their second new profession. Dr Gayethri says, “Mid-life crises with marriage, children and responsibilities take a toll and women opt for teaching.”

Dr B Gayethri Devi

Principal, Little Flower Public School, Bengaluru

www.brainfeedmagazine.com |13| August 22

Cover story

This Generation of graduates is not entering school education

18.6% 49.2% 32.2%

Limited number Not true

This can be a wake-up call for policy makers as well as private school managements. 49.2 per cent of the people we asked felt that a limited number is entering the field. The reasons could be many, mainly, career growth and salary structure are two issues uppermost in the minds of youngsters. Susheel Kumar, Principal, Darshan Academy, Kaithal says, “Respect and salary are two aspects that encourages a teacher to have a long standing association with a school.” Unlike other professions, when a teacher leaves a school mid-term, it can have an adverse impact. It is a nightmare for principals of schools. While good salary ensures that a teacher stays, the lack of it can hit schools hard. Rama Devi C V, Principal, Unicent School, Hyderabad suggests, “Mid of the year recruitments from schools within 2-2.5 km radius should be banned.”

Yes

Teachers like to work in an organisation where

11.9% 27.1%

61%

The management respects the teachers Leadership is supportive and participative The School has high reputation www.brainfeedmagazine.com |14| August 22

Leadership is paramount The school may be of repute, infrastructure stateof-the-art, salary decent and workload reasonable but if the leadership is not supportive, teachers will not stay in a school for long. 61 per cent respondents echoed a similar sentiment. “Respect comes on top of the priority list for teachers. It is in their DNA. A strong leader at the helm sets a culture in a school. It all trickles down from the top,” says Revathi Srinivasan, a teacher from Chennai.

Cover story

Teachers consider a school, a great place to work if

11.9% 45.8% 40.7%

They feel their intellectual and economic dignity is upheld Teachers feel valued and important Leadership invests in their growth Student's respect the teachers

Teachers get optimal job satisfaction when

10.2% 16.9%

37.3% 35.6%

Several studies in the past have proven that no amount of money can retain a person if the work environment is not conducive. Just as any profession, teachers too give a lot of importance to job satisfaction. It is a well-known fact that women form the bulk of the teaching community and don several hats. Good salary and a culture that supports their growth is a fine combination for a teacher to stay put. If one wants a teacher to work for a long period in a school, two aspects need to be kept in mind; make them feel valued and important and ensure their economic and intellectual dignity is upheld.

School culture supports their growth They are paid well They are treated with dignity They get appreciation and rewards

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Cover story Teachers leaving the profession citing workload

22%

28.8%

23.7% 25.4%

Increasing number Not many

47 per cent of the respondents gave a thumbs down to the question if workload was the reason for teachers to leave the profession. The academic year is very structured with teaching followed by assessment, extra-curricular activities, sports competitions, inter-house competitions, marking important days to name a few. A teacher does multi-tasking and only the adept survive. Dr B Raut, a senior Economics teacher says, “Teaching is not every one’s cup of tea. People who love teaching do not feel the workload. Newcomers realise within a few months that teaching is not just entering a class. Those with empathy remain.”

Few Not true

In your experience, teachers leave an institution

8.5%

30.5%

59.3%

Increase in salary elsewhere For their professional growth In search of a better learning culture Not conducive relationships among the colleagues www.brainfeedmagazine.com |16| August 22

There is a marked difference in the perception of people towards the profession. During the pre-independent days and in the initial years of post-independence in India, the teaching profession was held in high esteem. Salary did not figure in the radar as much as it is now. With the growth of an aspirational India and upwardly mobile generation, the freshers aspire for good salaries. Sociologist Raghuram K states, “Till the 1980s, there were few options but with the advent of the New Economic Policy in 1991 and with the opening of the Indian economy, a slew of options emerged. Medical transcription, ITeS sector opened new vistas with call centres opening in all major towns which led many to sunrise sectors.” He goes on to add, “The five-day work culture offered by the corporate sector with a pick-up and drop facility which was unknown in India lured youngsters.” The trend still continues. 59.3% of the respondents said that an increase in salary was one of the main reasons to leave their previous institutions.

Cover story Do you agree that male teachers are leaving the profession?

28.8% 71.2%

Myths busted Contrary to popular belief that male teachers are leaving schools, the survey reveals that this is not true. 71 per cent of the respondents said that this happens to a limited extent. Also, another fallacy that heavy workload is driving teachers away from the profession is also incorrect.

To a limited extent Yes

Is withholding academic certificates a reason for not joining schools?

18.6% 44.1% 37.3%

Not a reason

There is a unique system of obtaining academic certificates from teachers by the school managements at the time of appointment which are returned when he or she leaves the school. This practise is unique to schools and is not found in several other professions. 37.3 per cent felt it could be a reason for people leaving or not entering the profesion. “I felt stifled and caged at the thought of handing over my certificates. I would not part with them at any cost. After all, there is something called trust,” fumed Priya Nair, a fresh post graduate in Economics. The young generation is not so comfortable with the age-old practise.

To a certain extent To a limited extent

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Cover story

What is the average number of years a teacher works in your school?

18.6% 47.5% 33.9%

While the challenges are many in retaining teachers in schools, one finding that would cockle the hearts of school managements is the average years a teacher stays in a school is five and more years. 47.5 per cent of respondents stated so.

More than 5 5 3 Retaining teachers in schools became all the more challenging in the post-Covid times. Many left the profession during the last two years. Salary and respect – these two aspects are what teachers today look out for. With India growing and making a mark in the comity of nations, the educational landscape too is changing and teachers are the fulcrum. Reactions “Workplace and workload if it is conducive, it is easy for a teacher to work.” – Principal, Abhaya School “Growing competition among schools is one of the reasons for teacher poaching. School associations can play a vital role where all reach to common understanding.” - On e-mail: shriwastavsunil@yahoo.com “Not as lucrative as other professions. Law is loaded in favour of parents and students but the stress on teachers is ignored.” - Caroline Diane Ross, Principal, Spring Fields High School, Hyderabad

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Point of View

Relating the past with the present Kavita Sanghvi

Principal, SVKM's CNM School, Mumbai

The past has created the present and today’s action will impact our future. If we have not analysed our history critically then we fall prey to people’s machinations and false prophesies

e hear students bemoan that history is outdated and bears no relevance in their lives. If teaching is integrated to current political systems, cultures and traditional practices in their homes, the subject would turn interesting. For instance, why December 25 is celebrated as Christmas but the Diwali and Eid holidays vary every year is worth taking up. To begin with we did not start with a 365-day year. The ancient Babylonians had a lunisolar calendar of 12 months of 30 days each and added extra days to be in line with the seasons. The ancient Egyptians were the first to replace lunar calendar with the solar calendar to have 365 days divided into 12 months of 30 days and add 5 days at the end of the year which was not able to sync with the seasons at times. In 238 BC, King Ptolemy III ordered an extra day to be added every fourth year to correct the anomaly. In 45 BC, Julius Caesar created a calendar, called Julian calendar and fixed the normal year at 365 days and leap year at 366 days. He also established the order of the months and the days of the week as they exist today. Augustus

Caesar, established the lengths of the months as we use today. Finally, came the Gregorian calendar by Pope Gregory XIII we use now, who removed 10 days from the month of October in 1582. It is also called as Christian calendar because it uses the birth of Jesus Christ as a starting date and AD and BC came into existence. Hindu and Muslim festivals are decided on a lunar calendar i.e., 12 full cycles of phases of the Moon. The discrepancy of solar year 365 days and 354 days is resolved by addition of an extra month every 30 months in the Hindu calendar. Thus, the dates of celebrations of our festivals change every year where Diwali one year could be in October and the next year in November. If we ask students to research on all the people who contributed towards the making of the calendar we use today, will not the learning have relevance? The civilizations and its rulers become more real and tangible. The students critically question the differences and the similarities between lunar and solar calendars. The students will begin to appreciate the influence of the past towards the building of the present society.

www.brainfeedmagazine.com |19| August 22

Career & Counseling

IC3 impacts over

100,000+high schools

he International Career and College Counseling (IC3) Movement is a global effort to establish career and college counseling in every school. Through education and training in collaboration with leaders across high schools, universities, educational organizations and industry, IC3 works to provide solutions and opportunities for growth so that young people can get the support they need for purpose and direction in their lives. Since its inception in 2016 by Founder Ganesh Kohli, the IC3 Movement is driven by its mission of counseling in every school. Mr. Kohli recognized a gap in the education system and sought a solution that would be both sustainable and effective. For the IC3 Movement, this mission means providing opportunities and access to every student around the world to succeed in their careers and in their lives. To accomplish this, IC3 works to support the establishment of counseling services in high schools, to equip principals, counselors, teachers, and other educators with the training and resources they need to reach students throughout their academic journeys, and to create exposure for each student to find their best-fit in higher education. Led by educators and individuals volunteering and participating from 90+ countries, IC3’s critical initiatives include the Annual IC3 Conference, a hybrid gathering held each August to bring together high schools and higher education representatives for a collaborative dialogue on issues that prompt solutions in career and college counseling practices. With professional development and networking opportunities, the conference highlights a new theme each year to drive discussions and efforts for the future of career and college counseling. With a focus on local regions, IC3 Regional Forums are one-day events held annually from January through July, hosted at local high schools in cities around the world. Here, high school counselors, teachers, and principals from local regions come together with global university representatives to build networks and provide improved resources for students.

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Held as an end-of-year virtual celebration of the accomplishments and victories towards the greater mission of bringing counseling to every school, the Annual IC3 Festival offers professional development sessions, and recognition of extraordinary contributions within the career and college counseling community through the Annual IC3 Awards. The non-profit IC3 Institute works to ensure early access to career and college counseling, paving the way for students’ college readiness, workforce preparedness, and career success by helping schools to establish a counseling office, train human resources, and provide access to a repository of remote training and professional development resources. Their one-year Flagship Program has graduated 150+ counselors from 15+ countries, with 250+ more to graduate this year. Through these initiatives and with the critical support of partners and volunteers who share in this vision for the future of education, IC3’s goal is to impact 100,000+ high schools over a 15-year period in the cultivation of learning, networking, and professional development for the community through events and initiatives that sensitize, glamorize, and develop the career and counseling profession – all to bring counseling to every school worldwide. Learn more: https://www.ic3movement.com/

Career

Blockchain technology is making forays into a plethora of sectors and experts believe it will change the way industries have evolved traditionally over the ages.

Shinjini Malik

mong the emerging technologies, blockchain is gaining popularity. While there is a huge demand for blockchain developers, there is a huge shortage of manpower. India is one of the few countries in which there is interest especially among the youth to enhance skills. Experts opine that blockchain technology is the future. What is Blockchain? Blockchain is a system in which transactions made in crypto currencies like Bitcoin are tracked and recorded in several computing units that are linked to each other in a ‘peer to peer’ way. The data stored in Blockchain are in a digital format, and is stored electronically. Blockchains are most popularly known for their roles in crypto currencies like Bitcoin which makes it ultra secure and the record of transactions remain decentralized. The data in Blockchain technology is structured

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differently. In a traditional database, data is structured in tables while in blockchain, data is structured in blocks or groups which when filled are closed and linked to the previous block forming a chain. Each chain is given a timestamp which creates an ‘irreversible timeline’ of data when it is incorporated in a decentralized system. Filled blocks become a part of this timeline. Hence, Blockchain allows digital information to be recorded and distributed but not edited. Hence, Blockchain is the base for ‘immutable ledgers’ or a record which doesn’t allow data to get manipulated or destroyed. It is also called ‘Distributed Ledger Technology’ or DLT.

Career

Degrees Even though it is not mandatory to have a degree in Blockchain development, recruiters however prefer candidates who have a certificate to show. They prefer candidates who have made prototypes in the past and have successfully used Blockhain technology to build applications. What is the work of a junior level developer? Junior developers are usually enrolled with ground work and supportive tasks like fixing mobile applications or debugging softwares. The other thing they might be asked to do is develop ‘Blockchain proof’ of certain concepts and design ledgers of certain platforms. They may also be asked to create Blockchain API’s.

Prospects: Fresher's with no coding abilities will first have to learn languages like ‘Solidity’ or ‘Javascript’. Even though students' can learn the languages on their own, we suggest studnts' to get enrolled and have a diploma or degree in the same. Other skills that can give freshers an edge over the others and make them highly desirable in the job market is the know-how about languages like ‘REACT’, ‘CSS’, ‘HTML’, ‘NodeJS’ and ‘PYTHON’ along with frameworks like ‘TRUFFLE’. Some companies expect their interns or entry level engineers to be equipped with the knowledge of ‘distributed apps’, ‘wallets’, ‘networks’ and ‘smart contracts’ as well. A sound knowledge of ‘DApps’ architecture and the use cases will also take freshers a long way. Having a sound knowledge of ‘side chain’ and ‘off chain’ transactions with an understanding of frameworks and Blockchain platforms along with a solid understanding of cryptography will earn freshers bonus points, and make them stand out from the rest.

Other tasks may include creating pilot solutions, and using solutions of different software platforms. Startups may also expect junior developers to create the UI design and the 'front to end' development of mobile and web applications. Adaptability and a creative mindset will take a young developer a long way. Make your way To just rise from a junior position to a mid level, all you’ll require is to expand your technical skill set. Hence, by signing up for a number of Blockchain courses, you can give your career the boost it requires. Learning about data structures like ‘HashMaps’, Queue, Tree, and Stack will take you way ahead. Mid level officers need to be adept in languages like ‘MYSQL’, ‘REST’, ‘Neural Networks’, ‘AJAX’, ‘Agile Scrum,’ etc.

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Career

It is also recommended that junior developers familiarize themselves with a number of platforms. If one has a knack for ICO or developing Decentralized Apps ‘DApps’ with the help of Ethereum then it’s extremely important to learn ‘Solidity’ since it’s the dominant tool to create smart contracts. Junior developers need to be certified in C++ and Java to get approved by ‘HyperLedger’. Learning about the fiscal aspects of Blockchain engineering can also give junior developers a much required break. Apart from degrees in courses, recruiters also like their employees to have experience. Hence, working in ‘Open Sourced Blockchain Related Projects’ will give freshers the credibility the recruiters look for simply because it sets the standard for the entire blockchain industry and qualifying the same means the candidate is great. Apart from technical knowledge and skills, a fresher should work on having strong inter-personal skills as well.

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The data stored in Blockchain are in a digital format, and is stored electronically.

Blockchains are most popularly known for their roles in crypto currencies like Bitcoin.

Even though it is not mandatory to have a degree in Blockchain development, recruiters however prefer candidates who have a certificate to show.

Career

With the emergence of Bitcoin in 2008 and the rise of Blockchain technology in the subsequent years, the industry currently faces a huge shortage in senior blockchain engineers with more than ten years of experience. Primarily just because of this, senior executives often forge paths with various Blockchain related fields. Firms like IBM, Barclays and Microsoft have several programmes to combat fraud, track illegal transactions, and operating bank guarantees. But the Blockchain industry doesn’t just end here.

Career path

Countries like Estonia, South Korea and UAE are planning to switch to Blockchain powered solutions. Hence, senior Blockchain officials can work as Blockchain architects, designing Blockchain protocols and networks for transactions. It, however, requires advanced analytical skills and proficiency in cryptography, programming and Blockchain itself. Blockchain developers with more than 5 years of experience can work as ‘Quality Engineers’ where they are required to define and implement ‘Test Automation Strategies’ and create test standards automated by ‘QA’. Apart from that, freshers you can also rise to prominence by getting an engineering MBA and becoming a project manager in Blockchain companies which include looking after Blockchain projects and supervising Blockchian engineers of different levels. The one decision that job seekers in this field have to make early on is the type of Blockchain engineering they want to specialize in. There are two broad categories to choose from. 1) Public Blockchain and 2) Private Blockchain. Examples of Public Blockchain are Ethereum and Bitcoin. They come with no restrictions and also provide financial assistance to engineers who can secure. An example of a Private Blockchain however is ‘HyperLedger Fabric’ which is only accessed by a small group of people through invites that are sent. Experts suggest that Blockchain technology will transform the way industries evolve across the globe and could get implemented in almost every industry starting from financial transactions to digital ID’s and digital suffrages.

What waits after the

top level?

We would like to part with one suggestion, that is, to not stop at any level. Take your career higher by learning new and emerging technologies relevant to Blockchain. For example, an advanced degree in finance or artificial intelligence will give you the edge over companies who are turning to Blockchain.

www.brainfeedmagazine.com |25| August 22

Career

Emerging

careers

Dr Suresh Reddy

Founder Chairman Candor Group of Institutions

e are hurtling towards a new world and with each passing day, technology unfurls new options. While medicine and engineering are still popular, there are other career options that are becoming important.

Machine Learning, Self-driving vehicles, Robotics, Natural Language Processing (NLP) etc. are based on AI. Degrees, diplomas or certifications are offered by various universities across India that can easily help people land jobs.

Here are some emerging areas: Artificial Intelligence (AI) AI is defined as the simulation of human intelligence by machines by utilizing the pre-installed programming codes. Applications of AI include expert systems, natural language processing, and speech recognition and machine vision. AI provides high level efficiency and accuracy of various operations that might be impossible for humans to achieve. Processes like Automation,

Data Science Data, in the present world, is the most valuable commodity. Applied usage of data can even cause the dawn or fall of governments. The job of a data scientist is to collect and store various kinds of data and to analyse it for various results. For example, online shopping websites keep track of their users’ search and browsing history to find their shopping pattern so that the websites can display products that might light

www.brainfeedmagazine.com |26| August 22

Career

interest in the users. Qualified people can work for companies in various fields such as technology, journalism, commerce etc. as Data Scientists, Data Analysts, and Data Engineers, etc. Business Analyst The job of a business analyst is to obtain and analyse data to form business insights and recommend changes in businesses and other organizations. These analyses can be used to determine issues in IT processes, organizational structures, or staff development in any organisation. The primary aim of a business analyst is to increase efficiency and reduce the costs. Being comparatively a new field, courses in Business Analytics are less in India but are available in plenty in countries like the UK. The aspirants are also required to sharpen their business acumen and communication skills to be successful business analysts.

Blockchain Technology In simple terms, Blockchain is the distribution of a database or a ledger among a shared node of network. A Blockchain stores information in digital format. It is best known for its role in crypto-currencies for having a secured and decentralized record of transactions. People with Blockchain expertise will be of high demand in the coming future. Blockchain technology is becoming an essential part of industries, governments, start-ups and tech firms. Job roles like developer, quality engineer, UX designer etc. are required in the field. Candidates with certifications and knowledge about Blockchain can easily secure these jobs. Deep Learning Deep Learning can be considered as a combination of AI and Data Science. It is the process of incorporating in computers the ability to mimic human actions. Computers can be programmed to identify images, sounds, texts and patterns to classify them and perform the required

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Career

action. Deep learning is utilised in the fields of Aerospace and Defence, Industrial Automation, Electronics, Medical Research etc. The jobs in Deep Learning can be obtained by having degrees and certifications in AI, Data Science, Electronics, and Engineering, etc.

reality that replaces the real world. The technology reaches the audience via AR/VR devices. The jobs in AR/ VR sector include content writer/producer, UI/UX design, quality assurance and product management. The jobs can be obtained by acquiring job specific certifications.

Cyber Security As of now most of the data exchanges, which can be intra-institutional or inter-institutional, and the storage of the same occur via the internet. Cyber Security refers to the protection of these data from external threats and leaks. It also includes the attacks on personal data stored on devices including mobile phones and other personal devices. A report by the government of India in July states that a total of 6,74,021 cyber security incidents have been reported in India this year (till June 2022). The job of a cyber security practitioner is to ensure that the data and networks are free of security threats. Cyber Security courses are now available in plenty in India that ensures high paying jobs.

Full Stack Developer Full Stack development is the process of the creation of an application or software from its beginning to end. It involves both the front end and back end designs and ensures efficiency, reliability, and other crucial features. Front end means the design which is visible to the users and back end are the processes that are required for the same. Full stack developer is required to have knowledge and certifications in various computer languages and frameworks like C++, Java, and HTML etc.

Augmented/Virtual Reality (AR/VR) The technologies that either enhance or replace a real-life environment with a simulated one are called Augmented Reality or Virtual Reality. Augmented Reality uses camera captured images or videos to enhance your surroundings by adding digital elements. Virtual reality is a simulated

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Digital Media and Marketing Specialists: Social media leads marketing today powered by digital content such as films, blogs, podcasts and online events. Doors to new fields of opportunities will be opened to people who are ready to think outside the box and explore unconventional options. email: enquire@candorschool.com web: www.candorschool.edu.in

Art Attack

Tooba Shaikh

hat studies are boring, is a sentiment that is felt almost universally by children but studies need not be boring, and this is where art comes into the picture. Holistic education can be accomplished through art. It can bring in the fun element. Combining art with education will not only make education more interesting but also enhance student engagement. Moreover, having art related subjects in school curriculums can provide students with a creative release. It can become a space where students can kick their shoes off and run around. Having such an outlet is crucial for students as it fosters self-discovery and self-exploration. A study conducted on the impact of arts on education displayed a significant correlation between higher Scholastic Assessment Test

Art improves critical thinking, cognitive ability and concentration

Logic will get you from A to B. Imagination will get you everywhere. - Albert Einstein www.brainfeedmagazine.com |30| August 22

(SAT) score and study of art. It showed that students who studied any type of art course received higher SAT scores than students who did not opt for an art course. Furthermore, students who studied an art course for more than four years had higher SAT scores than those who took an art course for less than four years (Vaughn & Winner, 2000). It is a universally acknowledged truth that art encourages creativity and helps children become more innovative. It facilitates an environment that encourages thinking outside the box. Unlike rote learning, what art requires is independent thought and openness to new perspectives. Hence, incorporating art in education can make children embrace diverse outlooks and help them become more open-minded. It also hones the intellect and improves critical and creative thinking skills. This will also help them find creative solutions to any challenge they may face and become better problem solvers.

Art Attack

Many prominent educators also utilise art in education. P. Vijay Kumar, chairperson, Centre for Social & Organisational Leadership at Tata Institute of Social Studies (TISS) Mumbai, makes extensive use of art in the Masters programme for Organisation Development and Change. He states “Art facilitates reflection. Reflective practice needs to be an integral part of any management education” (Lubna Kably, 2013). Art requires freedom, and with freedom comes decisionmaking. By encouraging students to make their own creative choices, art also hones their decision-making skills which will make them better leaders in future. Art is essential for a holistic education. It ties the whole curriculum together. It allows students to come into their own. It helps them grow and become well-rounded individuals.

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Art Attack

Collaborate & Cooperate l Work l l l l l l l

Together Understand Their Actions Affect Others Realise Even Small Contributions Have Value Compromise for Common Goal Take Responsibility for Mistakes Realize Mistakes Happen Share Responsibility Realize Their Contributions are Important to the Success of the Group

Communicate l l l l l l l l l l

Receive Constructive Feedback Develop Language by Talking About Art & Describing Creations Improve Skills Through Evaluation Develop Visual Communication Skills Communicate Different Emotions Realize Feedback is a Part of Learning Breakdown the Mechanics of Body Language Portray a Character Effectively Interpret Visual Information Experience Different Ways of Moving

Be Creative l l l l l l l

Think on their feet Approach Tasks From Different Perspectives Interweave Ideas Into New Possibilities Take Creative Risks Practice Creative Thinking Until It Becomes Natural Develop a Sense of Innovation Be Original

Organize l l l l

Concentrate & Focus Keep a Balance Between Listening & Contributing Develop Motor Skills Think About Their Role & How It Contributes to the Big Picture of What is Being Created.

We live in an age when the most valuable asset any economy can have is the ability to be creative – to spark and imagine new ideas, be they Broadway tunes, great books, iPads, or new cancer drugs. – Thomas Freedman, New York Times, August 4, 2010.

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Art Attack

Problem-Solve l

To Keep an Open Mind

Explore Further Info

Entertain Different Possibilities

Move Forward to New Insight & Understanding

Hone Decision-Making Skills

Develop Skills in Reasoning & Understanding

Be Attentive to Details, of Perceptions & Ideas

Self-Direct l

Persevere!

Practice Follow-Through

Improve Academic Performance

Develop Healthy Work Habits

Be Socially Responsible l

Act Responsibly With the Interest of the Larger Community In Mind

Understanding Choices Artists & Designers Make

Know and Appreciate Diverse Societies

Interpret & Evaluate Others’ Perceptions of Reality

Be Fluent With Technology l

Develop Information & Media Literacy Skills

Create Information in a Variety of Forms & Media

Utilize Today’s Digital & Social Media As An Appropriate Vehicle For Their Message (Computers, iPads, Video, Digital Cameras, and more!)

Resources

Lynch, Grace Hwang, “The Importance of Art in Child

Burton, Judith M, “The Configuration of Meaning: Learner-

Development.” The PBS Foundation. n.d. Web, 4 Nov 2013.

Centered Art Education Revisited.” Studies in Art Education: A

Strauss Valerie, “Top 10 Skills Children Learn From The Arts.”

Journal of Issues and Education. 2000. Web, 6 Nov 2013.

The Washington Post, Jan 24. Web, 4 Nov 2013.

“List of 21st Century Skills” CAIS 21st Century. CAIS Commission

“The Visual Arts: So Much More Than What You See,” NASA. n.d.

on Professional Development. Wiki. n.d. Web, 1 Nov 2013.

Pamphlet.

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Q&A

Buzzword at

Vels

is ‘state-of-the-art infrastructure’ Muhammed Fazil You have taken up the responsibility as the Vice President of The Vels Group at a very young age. What are the challenges? The Vels Group includes 22 schools, both in India and internationally (UK and Singapore). Apart from this, the higher learning institutions include, VISTAS (a deemedto-be –University) in Chennai, 2 institutions each for Dentistry and Medicine in Tamil Nadu and Telangana and 2 institutions for Nursing in Tamil Nadu. There are plenty of challenges in our daily life. My efforts in an already established group are to fine-tune the systems and procedures, and to implement the best practices in the industry. Every day is a new challenge. But these challenges bring out the best in me and keep me going.

Preethaa Ganesh

Vice President, Vels Group is an emerging leader in the world of education. She shares her views on a variety of issues

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How is overseas education helping you in guiding the educational institutions? I am a strong believer in implementing fresh and innovative ideas, and there is no dearth of it when you travel and understand universities and institutions abroad, particularly in the UK where I’ve studied. I see digital learning changing the face of education, more so since the pandemic. Online courses are a huge hit among the working class and students who want to update their knowledge in advancing areas and

Q&A technologies. VISTAS will soon be offering online courses. We have also seen a flurry of unicorns in the Edtech space, so a lot of interesting changes await us in the education sector including the NEP. That’s a lot on my plate and I am sure I am ready to tread that path. How is VELS different from others? The VELS group is one of the few education groups in our country that offer education from Pre-Kg to PhD, and among the few multi-disciplinary universities that offer a wide gamut of job oriented courses. The founder’s idea since the inception has been to offer courses that would fetch students a job soon after their studies. In school education too, Vels offers CBSE, ICSE and IGCSE syllabi and have also successfully implemented an in-house developed internationally acclaimed syllabus of ‘Kindle Kids’. All the institutions in the Vels fold possess stateof-the-art infrastructure, competent faculty and an ideology that prepares students to be future leaders in their chosen fields. Our university offers more than 100 courses of contemporary learning in diverse fields that ensures that students are adequately equipped to face the challenges when they step out of the institution, into a competitive world. Your views on integrating new technology with education. As a young entrepreneur, I am certainly in favour of integrating new technology in the Education sector. The pandemic brought us much closer to it and also highlighted the need for the same. With the ubiquitous smart phone around and Gen Z willing to lap up technology, it is only fair that we make the best and right use of it. There is always a flip side to any advancing technology, so I advocate the use of technology with a sense of caution. With the evolution of technology, the mindset and the information gathering methods of students have changed. What, in your opinion, are the newest methods of pedagogy that need to be implemented into the current educational system? We are all aware of experiential learning, learning through problem solving, outside classroom learning, so on and so forth. In the digital era, we also need to strike a chord with digital pedagogy. Digital Pedagogy is not about using digital technologies for teaching but rather, about approaching those tools from a critical pedagogical perspective. So, it is as

much about using digital tools thoughtfully as it is about deciding when not to use digital tools, and about paying attention to the impact of digital tools on learning. There is no one-size-fits-all formula to it. It depends on the type of learners that it caters to. Students are more in the virtual world. Reading as a habit is dwindling. How can one bring them back? Any initiative at VELS? Certainly, reading as a habit is dwindling. But that, as I said, is the flip side of technology. You have over a million books on Kindle. This may sound weird for Gen X but certainly not with the millennials and Gen Z. At Vels, a lot of emphasis is given to holistic development of children. So we ensure that students are not just hanging on to their virtual world but are also spending more quality time with friends and on sports and events. To encourage reading amongst students, we celebrate book-themed days and have individual classroom libraries to which children contribute books and read from. We have also set up literary clubs and reading groups to make reading enjoyable and socialise around reading. At present the learning spaces are not confined to classrooms and laboratories. How to merge different learning spaces so that it can benefit the students? Today’s learning spaces have evolved a lot over time. A lot of thought goes into how learning spaces can be made more subject-oriented. 21st century learning spaces are flexible, conducive to different learning styles and instructional strategies, and accommodating of the distinctive learning needs of every student. They support positive human relationships needed for effective learning, both formal and informal. They enable students to learn in relevant, real-world contexts through project-based work. Creating these types of learning spaces help children grow emotionally, socially and physically. What is your vision for the future? With our footprints already firm in India, Singapore and the United Kingdom, our vision is to continue expansion all over the world. At the same time, we aim to bring the best practices from all over the world, especially in the areas of institutional management, education empowerment and student quality. We want to instil in the mind of young people that “lifelong learning is a responsibility that they need to continue with passion in all walks of life”.

www.brainfeedmagazine.com |35| August 22

Brunei Overview

Perspectives from

Brunei Darussalam Shanthi Thomas

Dean of Studies Chung Ching Middle School Seria, Brunei Darussalam

ducation, as a process of teaching, training, and learning to improve knowledge and develop skills, has evolved over the past decades into what is known as the ‘21st-century education’ today. It is recognized as the key building block of the knowledge economy of the 21st century and is considered an indispensable tool to transform human capabilities into social and economic outcomes. The key principles of the 21st-century education are:

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A personalized approach to learning, such as differentiated instruction, ensures that the content, mode of delivery, and assessment are tailored to the student’s personal needs. Equity, diversity, and inclusivity, which means that students who have different socio-economic backgrounds and physical/ mental capacities should be included in any educational endeavor while retaining their individual differences. Learning through doing, such as Project-Based Learning (PBL) which emphasizes active learning through personal exploration and discovery. A curriculum that emphasizes creativity, collaboration, and critical thinking.

Brunei Overview

Student-centered classrooms with the teacher in a facilitating role. Engaging the community in the teaching and learning process (as per the old adage, ‘It takes a village to educate a child’) The use of technology as a tool in learning, to access information and think in innovative ways. Professionalization of teachers, with continuous professional development and training to address the demands of 21st-century education. (Bolstad et al, 2012)

The Case of Brunei Darussalam The tiny (2,226 square miles) South-East Asian Sultanate of Brunei Darussalam (Arabic for ‘Abode of Peace), located on the northwestern coast of the island of Borneo, is an oil-rich country that became independent of British control in 1984. Brunei is ruled by the absolute monarch Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah, who has been in power since 1967. It is an Islamic country, and Malay is the official language. The ideal way of living in Brunei is captured in the concept of Malayu Islam Beraja (MIB, Malay Islamic Monarchy), which is a unification of Islamic values, Malay culture, and the role of the monarchy. A striking feature of the educational scenario of Brunei is that the citizens here have free access to education at all levels. One of the primary aims of its education system

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Brunei Overview the assessment till Year 8. Islamic Religious Knowledge (IRK) is compulsory for Muslim students and optional for others. School uniforms in Government schools conform to strict Islamic tradition. Till students reach Year 8 (14 years), Brunei’s Ministry of Education conducts its own exams, but when it comes to the upper secondary years (Year 9 to Year 11), schools all over Brunei switch to Cambridge GCE O’level or IGCSE Board of exams. MIB is taught in upper secondary, but not assessed in this school-leaving examination. Thus, towards the end of school, there is a dilution of ‘Bruneian’ education, and after two years of A levels (Advanced Levels) given by the same Board of Education, which is Cambridge International Examinations (CIE) students typically look for higher education abroad.

is to provide a minimum of 12 years of education for every child, covering 7 years of primary and pre-school, 3 years of lower secondary school, and 2 years of upper secondary or vocational/technical college. In an effort to keep abreast of the changes in the educational arena that the 21st century brought about, the Ministry of Education of Brunei introduced Sistem Pendidikan Negara Abad ke - 21 (SPN-21 or National Education System for the 21st century) in 2008. Along with the basic skills of literacy, numeracy, and Information and Communication Technology (ICT), the SPN emphasizes 21st century skills of collaboration, creativity, critical thinking, and ‘learning by doing. Challenges faced by the Brunei Education System in the 21st century The SPN, the latest innovation in the Brunei education scenario, is in principle a notable step towards 21st century education here. However, Brunei Darussalam faces the dilemma of integrating tradition (religion, monarchy) and modernity (liberalization and globalization). MIB is part of the school curriculum all through school and is part of

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Metassan (1979) acknowledged the existence of a ‘dual’ system of education in Brunei where there is a more ‘secular’ education on the one hand and religious education on the other hand. The secular education takes place in the morning in Brunei schools when students learn languages, science, and mathematics. Children between the age of 8 and 14 years attend religious classes in the afternoon. Integration of these two has been attempted, i.e., blending religious and secular education (Al-Ashraf, 1985), but has not been put into practice. Values such as rigid hierarchical structures, ascribed status, and teacher-centered education are all part of the Bruneian way of life and are reflected in educational institutions. Equally important is inculcating the value of obedience in children, and transmission of standardized knowledge. Obviously, this is a far cry from the principles of 21st century education outlined at the beginning of this article. Obviously, Brunei desires to avail of the 21st century education much touted all over the world and to equip its people with the necessary skills, but its education system is very much a tug-of-war between religious education on the one hand, and secularism on the other hand; traditional values on the one hand modernity on the other hand. Going forward, the challenge that lies ahead for Brunei Darussalam will be to develop an educational system that is imbued with its national and religious values but is able to equip its people with 21st-century skills. This is no simple task, but its accomplishment is very much of importance to its future as a progressive country ready to face the challenges of the 21st century and beyond.

Learning Code

A new paradigm for teaching and learning

l Kevin Bartlett, founder, Common Ground Collaborative, and his team created a learning model l The three components of the definition of learning are Conceptual, Competence and Character learning

Muhammed Fazil

edagogic research is an on-going process the world over. Academicians have been reflecting on teaching and learning. Kevin Bartlett who founded Common Ground Collaborative (CGC) along with his team believes the three components namely; Conceptual understanding, Competence and Character learning are essential for learning processes. The team developed a definition for learning with the three components, keeping in mind the importance of developing expert human beings with strong, positive values and dispositions. They worked with various subject experts assuming that they have a deep knowledge and understanding of their domain. The pedagogy required to build each of the three components is different.

Bartlett and his colleagues made a simple methodology to unpack each form of learning to have large scale applicability in multiple school contexts which is deep enough to drive learning. They believe that inquiry based learning is one of the bases to build conceptual understanding but were cautious not to overcomplicate things which may lead to present enquiry based learning as the dogma. The team broke down the entire process to their essence to make it as simple as possible. Therefore, they divided each of the three components into various processes; Conceptual understanding as a process of Connect-Construct-Contribute. For Competency Learning, Deconstruct-Identify-Practice. For Character Learning, Consider-Act-Reflect. As per CGC, conceptual learning is what a student understands, competency learning is what a student would be able to perform, and finally, character learning is the development of the student to a better person. This model by CGC is used to shape learning goals and teaching methodology. In their words, in any kind of authentic learning these three Cs play major roles even though one or the other may be dominant. Each of these learning processes is not cycles but constantly evolving spirals just like a DNA. According to the Bartlett, “The idea of three spirals, constantly interacting, evoked a powerful image. The three C’s as a living construct, a triple helix, the DNA of learning.

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UPDATE

Innovations in pedagogy

he Open University, UK, collaborated with researchers from the Open University of Catalonia, Spain and published a series of reports in July 2022, that explored new forms of teaching, learning and assessment for an interactive world, to guide teachers and policy makers in productive innovation. Here are the innovative methods of pedagogy. Hybrid Models The hybrid model deals with a cohesive learning model that combines face-to-face sessions with online sessions. The students can choose between either of the two as per their convenience. By installing the required infrastructure, the teachers and the students, both attending online or face-to-face can have interactions with each other. This will multiply the possibilities for students to participate and engage in more bounded and institutional educational offerings. Dual Learning Scenarios Here, the classrooms will have a close synchronisation between classroom training and professional practices in industry. This model helps the students to have an understanding of

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the professional practices expected in the industry. Industries will have to team up with educators in developing a curriculum that enables dual learning scenarios. Pedagogies of microcredentials In simple words, microcredentials are small amounts of learning for which individuals can receive formal acknowledgment – a badge, a certificate, academic and/or professional credit. Microcredential learners can be learners while being in a profession or it can simultaneously go with people’s regular studies. The range of options includes e-Portfolios for skills articulation; competency based learning; case-based learning; and conversational learning that can enhance the skills of the learners. Pedagogy of autonomy This is a system that encourages learner autonomy. This idea revolves around two aspects, learning is a profession and learners are professionals. The model gives the learners the autonomy to choose their skills and methods for learning. The teachers should support them to develop efficient study habits and techniques to master their way of learning.

UPDATE

Watch Parties Watch parties can engage learners collectively, with a specific video or broadcast. Learners can engage from a place of their comfort, watch the video or broadcast, and can have group discussions, message based chats or links to learning tasks. There exist research based results that learners can have more social engagement in watch parties than in face-to-face classes. The only challenge for watch parties is the network connectivity; adapting methods to overcome this can make the model beneficial.

Influencer-led education Influencers are the people who have got a lot of followers on social media who post about different stuff. Earlier they were used for marketing of products and services. Now, some influencers, commonly referred to as ‘Eduinfluencers’, are posting various freely available videos or content to educate people on various things. Researchers are now on their way to analyse the potential of education led by social media influencers. The expected drawback is that the influencers can accidently or purposefully exploit, mislead or misinform their followers.

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UPDATE

Pedagogies of the home Pedagogies of the home is different from ‘homeschooling’, it is the accumulation of information from the home and the wider communities. This method focuses on the informal learning that happens in the home environment and culturally specific methods of learning such as through the local community. By getting knowledge from home and other wider environments, students can be better equipped to deal with challenges. Pedagogy of Discomfort It is the process of the critical examination of one’s own thoughts and ideologies about issues such as racism, oppression and social injustice. As the name suggests, this can bring about a lot of emotions in the students, including discomfort. The emotions created by this process help the students to challenge the norms and traditions of the society. The aim of challenging the ideals is to reinforce the existing status quo of education.

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Well-being education Well-being education is to support and promote the mental health of the learners. It is important to have this aspect in the educational system since there is an alarming rate of increase in mental health issues among students in the recent times. This helps the students to have ‘mental health literacy’ which will in turn help them in addressing their issues. Students with good mental health will produce high educational outcomes. Walk and talk The current systems of education are confined to solitary spaces or classrooms and the online education is limited to sitting in front of a computer or TV. Adapting or devising pedagogies that involve both conversations and the act of walking can revive the harmful effects caused by too much of sedentary and isolated learning. Walk and talk model of learning can stimulate curiosity about one’s surroundings, improve one’s mood, clear the mind and spark new ideas. The side-by-side conversations that occur during the walk differ from face-to-face talking. It also helps in supporting the physical and psychological well-being of the learners.

Trend

The pedagogy of listening Combining the ‘bottom up’ and ‘top down’ models for listening activities does wonders

Muhammed Fazil

istening is an important skill but is not given much attention in school curricula across the globe. The International Baccalaureate (IB) in 2018 reintroduced a listening component in their Language B examinations, which had previously been tested ‘implicitly’ under the patronage of other skills. Dr Fabienne Cheung, head of IB French at Sevenoaks School, UK, recently published an article on the importance of listening and her methods of teaching ‘how to listen’. Combining the ‘bottom up’ and ‘top down’ models for listening activities have given Dr Cheung successful results. This gave the students an opportunity to listen and practice rather than rehearsing only exam type audios. “It has helped to see the students’ progression over the course of a teaching sequence, a term, an academic year and beyond as a continuum in which listening skills should be constantly reinforced from the bottom, with the aim being to support students to learn to listen rather than expecting them to be able to jump too high, too soon”, she says. Dr Fabienne Cheung believes listening skills should take the centre stage be it a Modern Languages classroom or Physical Sciences’. Helping students to ‘learn to listen’ is therefore essential for the role as teachers.

Fabienne Cheung mantra Students must be given ‘bottom up’ processing through activities such as increasing their phonological awareness; word recognition tasks; metalinguistic preparation; and pre-listening activities. Pre-listening activities include whole-class or pair-work open discussion questions on a given topic.

Listening activities that do not follow the usual ‘text-oriented instruction’ model, instead listening for gist is given importance. Finding the ‘correct answer’ is a No No.

Brainstorming with vocabulary followed by true or false statements in the target language is done.

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Pedagogy

Tooba Shaikh

he story so far: There is now unanimity that child-centered learning is the way out. No problem on that count but how much of technology should be used in classrooms is a matter of debate. Teachers are often heard complaining that the younger generation seems increasingly unresponsive to the teaching methods they’ve always employed. This generation is well-acquainted with technology that takes adults and middle-aged people some time to learn. This has transformed the way people interact with and relate to things which has resulted in a shift in the teachinglearning paradigm. What the teachers are complaining about when they talk about the failure of their long-used teaching methods is merely a symptom of this paradigm shift. The usual response to this problem is to either put an embargo on technology, especially cell phones, within classrooms, or is met with halfhearted and poorly implemented technological measures like the use of projector or PowerPoint or playing long-winded YouTube videos. These measures, while well-intended, are indicative of a lack of understanding of the newer generations. It is no surprise then that students fail to meaningfully interact in class. If the goal is to increase student interaction, then the use of technology in classrooms should be isomorphic to how they use technology in their day to day life. Studies indicate that the younger generations have a short attention span. Therefore, technology should be used keeping this in mind. For instance, Carmen Miranda, an educator based in Puerto Rico, while writing for Faculty Focus, prescribes

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the following five methods that she uses and finds effective, in her classroom: Short Online Quizzes: Miranda finds that kids, in keeping with their short attention span, like answering quizzes with short answers. Moreover, instead of restricting the use of cell phones in class entirely, allowing them to use their phones to answer the quizzes can further their engagement in class. Forming Small Teams: Studies have found that younger kids prefer working in smaller groups as there is enough room for both, individual expression as well as collaboration. Such a group dynamic is optimal for promoting creativity and innovation within children. Activities Promoting Quick Learning: Miranda suggests that activities such as short reviews and papers (one-minute papers) are extremely effective in helping students identify the important points of a lecture. This activity also helps the teacher understand how much the students have understood from the lecture and what points need to be recapped. Games: Incorporating educational games in lessonplans is also crucial. Games can turn a boring, onesided activity, to a fun interactive endeavour. Games can be ideal for fostering active participation in class while retaining their interest and attention. Positive Reinforcement: This can be the most important tool an educator can use. Being kind in giving feedback, even critical ones, can help foster selfconfidence and a positive attitude towards learning. Moreover, caring about their wants and needs can show that they are viewed and respected as their own persons. This can help instil confidence in them to explore and expand their skill set.

Pedagogy

The

technology conundrum

Taking measures such as the ones listed above, can make the classroom a positive and healthy environment promoting the growth and well-being of students. Teachers should therefore keep on reviewing their methods and how students respond to them in order to meaningfully connect with the class. Effectively incorporating technology in their lesson plans can aid in this endeavour.

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Edtech

‘The future is of

short engaging videos’ There are several Apps for students but the Librari App is different and provides short revision videos of three minutes.

M Rengarajan, CEO & Founder, Librari App speaks to Muhammed Fazil on its features How did the idea of Librari come about? The inspiration of Librari came from my sons. Pandemic gave me an opportunity to spend time with them and understand their learning styles and patterns. I found some unique ways of understanding certain concepts. I extended my research to a larger network and found similar learning styles and patterns. Librari was started to fill the gap that current students are facing. Librari – the study buddy app for every student provides the students with a quick micro-learning platform. Over the past few months, we have been making the platform and its content and working on a marketing plan. As a result, we now have our App on the Playstore with academic concept videos from Classes 1 to 12 based on the NCERT syllabus. What is the USP of the app? Librari is the only microlearning revision app available now for K-12 students. Librari is a distraction-free micro-learning platform focused on academics and extracurricular. We have 3 minutes of academic concept revision videos in Librari Ace by experts to aid students learning and reduce their anxiety levels. Level Up Beyond academics with LibrariXtra with expert & user curated videos on extra-curricular categories. We also have Gamified quizzes and contests enabling students to learn, earn coins and redeem them in the bazaar

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We are with a mission of making learning affordable for students

Edtech

Why do you think people would prefer using Librari? The importance of mobile learning right now is undeniable. Not only does it make learning flexible and accessible, but it also makes it available Just-InTime. Microlearning courses go hand in hand with this approach. So, you get to deliver bites of content, which can be quickly accessed by the students. For example, you can empower students to learn an academic concept easily. Or, you may want to help them improve their extracurricular, like dance, music, yoga,etc., Above all, such bite-sized mobile Learning videos will bring higher engagement while they'll also increase completion rates as well. Frankly, the possibilities are endless. What is the present membership of the app? We operate on a subscription model both B2C and B2B2C. We are also providing Librari as a revision tool to K12 schools. We have 5 schools currently using Librari APP for their students’ learning. Currently, we have 32K installs on Android with 3k Paid users. What is the membership model of the app? We are with a mission of making learning affordable for students and target Tier 1, 2 & 3 cities across India. We offer at a subscription price of INR 99/month (B2C). With the schools reopening, there is a decline in the use of edtech apps, in this context, how do you see the future of librari? We are a revision app for K-12 students with academic concept videos curated by experts. So we don’t compete with their school learning or other learning modes rather we complement their learning process and help them boost their academic performance. What do you envision in the future of Librari? Soon we will see the next big thing in online education —short, engaging videos you can watch anytime and anywhere. This format will likely take a fair portion of the educational market, forming an entirely new niche and Librari is likely to become a market leader in that segment.

www.brainfeedmagazine.com |47| August 22

UPDATE

NIRF Ranking 2022

IIT Madras shines bright

www.brainfeedmagazine.com |48| August 22

he Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Madras retained the top position in the NIRF Ranking 2022 for the fourth consecutive year. IIT Madras is also the top-ranked Engineering Institute. The institute bagged the top position in the overall category with a score of 87.59 which is a little above the last year’s score of 86.76. The 2nd ranked institute IISc Bangalore has a score of 83.57. And for the engineering category, IIT Madras has a score of 90.04. IIT Madras offers a total of 92 courses in Engineering, Humanities, Social Sciences, Sciences, Management, and Technology. The National Institutional Regulatory Framework (NIRF) released the NIRF Ranking 2022 for the higher education institutions in India on July 15, 2022. The rankings were announced by the union minister of education, Dharmendra Pradhan. The rankings are published for eleven categories: Overall, Universities, Colleges, Research Institutions, Engineering, Management, Pharmacy, Medical, Dental, Law and Architecture. The first eight positions of the NIRF Ranking 2022 overall category are the same as those of the NIRF Ranking 2021. IIM Ahmedabad is ranked first in the Management category and AIIMS Delhi is ranked

UPDATE

Schools to be accredited by NIRF from 2023

first in the medical category. The whole list of rankings is available on the official website of NIRF.

Union Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan said that all schools in India will be accredited by NIRF starting from 2023. The ministry is also about to unify the institutional accreditation, which is currently done by the National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) and the programme accreditation which is currently done by the National Board of Accreditation (NBA). "Soon, there will be a system under which each school will also be accredited. We will take the state governments on board. Parents will know the standing of the schools where their children are being admitted," said Pradhan.

For the University category and the Research Institution category IISc Bangalore is in the top position. Miranda House Delhi is the top-ranked college. The first position in the Pharmacy category is held by Jamia Hamdard New Delhi. Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Chennai ranks first in the Dental category. National Law University Bengaluru and IIT Roorkee tops the list of Law and Architecture categories respectively. The NIRF rankings are calculated based on the parameters: Teaching, Learning & Resources (TLR), Research and Professional Practice (RP), Graduation Outcomes (GO), Outreach and Inclusivity (OI), and Peer Perception. 1

NIRF 2022 – Management Rankings

NIRF 2022 Overall Rankings 5

6 7

8 9 10

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad Indian Institute of Management Bangalore Indian Institute of Management Calcutta Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Indian Institute of Management Kozhikode Indian Institute of Management Lucknow Indian Institute of Management Indore Xavier Labour Relations Institute (XLRI) Jamshedpur National Institute Industrial Engineering Mumbai Indian Institute of Technology Madras

NIRF 2022 – Medical Rankings Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi

All India Institute of Medical Sciences Delhi

Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati

Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee

Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur

Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur

Indian Institute of Technology Delhi

Indian Institute of Technology Bombay

Indian Institute of Science Bangalore

Indian Institute of Technology Madras

1. 2. 3. 4.

All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Christian Medical College National Institute of Mental Health & Neuro Sciences, Bangalore 5. Banaras Hindu University 6. Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research 7. Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences 8. Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham 9. Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 10. Kasturba Medical College, Manipal

www.brainfeedmagazine.com |49| August 22

Well-Being

Tackling

stress By adopting a few techniques, stress can be handled with ease

Shinjini Malik

ducators and researchers working on students’ health feel the student community provides a grim picture. Apart from immense academic stress, students now have to deal with other major reasons of stress like health and the crumbling economy. The environment also plays a major role in aggravating a students’ infuriation. Even a five-yearold faces stress due to the incompetency of educators and the failure of the education system to give them what they need. Here are few ways to reduce stress. Peer feedback In order to make it more productive, you can use conversation starters like “It would be great if…” or “To make it better you can…” This will also make the reluctant ones speak and engage in daily activities. Exchange works Exchange and compare assignments. This would help in understanding concepts and each-other’s perspectives. Use the concept of ‘SPARK’ Formulated by Washington teacher, Mark Gardener, SPARK stands for ‘Specific, Prescriptive, Actionable,

www.brainfeedmagazine.com |50| August 22

Well-Being

Referenced, and Kind’. Using this model, conversations will be directed towards the goal of improving the knowledge gap rather than ending up as judgements passed without any meaning. Upgrade technology By using podcasts, Jori Kudler, a high school teacher was able to turn her students to be better involved with the topics as it ensured a higher level of participation and a higher level of thinking.

To optimize the level of creativity in children, topics can also be presented in a comic book format. The flow of the comic book format helps students internalize the natural flair of the topic, while making it easier for students to memorize important things. Teachers can include choice boards for peers to provide meaningful feedback from just a handful of prompts. This is how it goes:

Peer Feedback Board:

Rules: Choose two options from the peer feedback board to give your friends an accurate assessment of their work: Main Strength

Tiny changes that are required

What is the strongest aspect of your friend’s work? Why do you think this is so impactful? How does it help the overall work?

Mention an area which requires a minute change. What aspect do you think the student needs to think a little more about?

What was a surprising thing about the work you reviewed? What was the raw element which impressed you the most in their work? Why did you like it?

What aspect of the assignment do you feel requires more attention? Which part would you enjoy more if it came with more information?

Identify an area which you had never considered before, that would help you in the future. Is there any aspect from your friend’s assignment that you’ll like to incorporate in your work? What in particular interested you and how would you use it in your work?

Was there anything in the assignment you couldn’t understand or wasn’t clear? Would you like some explanation about the aspect you’re confused about? How would it help the assignment overall?

Option Board

Plus points

Put your feedback here.

Prompt #1 Prompt #2

www.brainfeedmagazine.com |51| August 22

Assessment

Academicians aver that grading inhibits learning. There is a growing tribe that wants to do away with the grading system.

Muhammed Fazil

iscussions on abolishing the grading system and replacing it with a feedback system are going on in academic circles. Many educators feel that the grading system inhibits student learning. The argument is that grading forces students to pursue better grades at the expense of meaningful learning. When teachers rely on grading for assessing the students, it takes a toll on the students who score low grades. They end up unmotivated and discouraged. The present system is a burden even for teachers. Grading not only robs a lot of teacher’s time but also increases the work of the administrative staff as it requires aggregating, sorting, and ranking. The benefits of going gradeless are: Relieve Stress Removing the grading system can relieve stress caused to them from the expectations to score good marks/grades. This can help students to be free from the issues that inhibit them from learning and hence their academic performance.

www.brainfeedmagazine.com |52| August 22

Assessment

Stall cheating Cheating in exam for good marks is a result of the traditional system. Students who cheat are motivated by the fear of getting low marks or sabotaging their GPA. Grading hampers innovation in teaching Since grading the assessments of the students take up so much time of the teachers, they may not be able to implement any new thing in their way of teaching. Only a little time would be remaining for them to reflect on their teaching methodology and the ways to improvise that. The push for a modern method of assessment, like giving feedback instead of grades, is right from the point of view of the educators and students. But, implementing that system into the current educational system is far away from becoming a reality. Educators and academicians should work with policy makers to adopt a strategy that can change the whole education system. Few schools in India have done away with grading for certain classes. Grading per se has not been completely removed from the education system. In some schools, there are no exams for primary classes and in a few till middle school. Some are: l

Isha Home School, Coimbatore

SECMOL, Ladakh

Rishi Valley School, Andhra Pradesh

Shibumi School, Bangalore

Mirambika, Free Progress School New Delhi

Abhaya School, Hyderabad

The Heritage School, Gurgaon

Marudam Farm School, Tamil Nadu

Centre for Learning, Bangalore

The School – KFI, Tamil Nadu

Isai Ambalam School, Puducherry

www.brainfeedmagazine.com |53| August 22

Edn & Skilling

Durable skills are inevitable Be it engineering, management or scientific research, durable skills are a must for one to make a mark

Tooba Shaikh

he increasing number of students who fail to secure jobs is attributed to the lack of proper training in their higher education. Studies find a major discrepancy between what the employers look for in a potential employee and what the students are trained for. In a report ‘America Succeeds’ it was found that 65 percent of hiring HR professionals viewed collaboration and teamwork as one of the most basic skill for potential employees to possess and 40 percent believe that these skills are lacking in the more recent interviewees. On the other hand, data shows that merely 37 percent of graduated students see collaboration and teamwork as skills that need developing. Durable skills comprise a set of personal and professional proficiencies spanning

the entirety of a person’s career. These include leadership qualities along with a growth-mindset, critical thinking, mindfulness, the ability to fail, collaboration, and creativity among others. Such skills are essential for future jobseekers regardless of the professional field they choose. Mastery of these skills require guidance and practice, and the onus of providing a space where the learning of these skills is facilitated falls on educational institutions. The lack of soft skills has been a problem for quite some time now. However, the pandemic has made the situation worse. Students have complained that the lack of in-person interaction has also resulted in a lack of effective networking. This means that these students were no longer privy to the career opportunities that might have been otherwise available to them. Research shows that pre-pandemic, the HR professionals

www.brainfeedmagazine.com |54| August 22

Edn & Skilling Leadership: Delegating and delivering work

rated the people skills of existing employees as average or below average and almost half (47 percent) of them believe that their skills have deteriorated after the pandemic. Laura Ascione, while writing for eSchool News, cites another report which surveyed about 82 million job postings from 2019 – 2020 and condensed around 100 most sought after competencies into 10 major skills. They are as follows: -

Character: Conduct of the employee, both personal and professional

Teamwork: Connection and teamwork

Communication: Management and exchange of information

Innovation: Creative and novel ideas and solutions

Critical Thinking: Solutions that are informed and effective Fortitude: Inspiration and bravery

Growth Mindset: Aspirations and progress Metacognition: Self-awareness and management of personal and professional affairs

Mindfulness: Understanding, both interpersonal and of oneself

The report found that 61 per cent, of the job postings surveyed, sought at least one of the skills mentioned above. Another major finding is that the employers sought after these durable skills at least four times more than technical or hard skills. It is important to note that these skills are needed regardless of their academic credentials. In other words, what employers seek, more than advanced degrees and higher academic qualifications, are these soft skills.

Experts suggest that these soft skills should be taught to students as early as possible. Integrating these durable skills in K-12 education can help close the discrepancy between what the employers are looking for and what the potential employees are being taught.

www.brainfeedmagazine.com |55| August 22

BY INVITE

ISTE and Edtech in the

classroom Educators should attend conferences for latest developments in technology

Steve Sherman

The growing popularity of E-sports, coding, programming, robotics, drones and chips like Microbit. These new fields are receiving significant interest from various education departments around the world.

Chief Imagination Officer and Executive Daydreamer of Living Maths

echnology that is used in educational spaces is growing rapidly and will need to be adaptable and meet the demands of individual schools’ needs. It is essential for educators to attend conferences, workshops and edcamps to gain knowledge about the various products and how they can best suit educators in the classroom. I travelled from South Africa to the USA annually (pre-pandemic) and now in 2022, to attend ISTE, the largest Edtech gathering in the USA. Traditionally, it is attended by about 50, 000 delegates from all over the world and hundreds of workshops,

www.brainfeedmagazine.com |56| August 22

poster sessions, presentations, and informal gatherings, before and after the daily program, are held daily. It is a buffet of new tech, new apps and software, expert training and guidance on current software and often the announcement of new features in time for the start of the school year in the USA. I learned about the new features in the most popular apps and software which I then took back to South Africa and shared with my fellow educators. I met the people behind many of these programs and now have a direct line to their development team. Can

BY INVITE

you imagine asking an organisation like Kahoot with 8 billion users - to include a new feature in their software and their development team says it’s a good idea and that they will work on it! I also spent some time looking at the growing popularity of E-sports, coding, programming, robotics, drones and chips like Microbit. These new fields are receiving significant interest from various education departments around the world. They feel that coding and robotics teach the requisite problem-solving skills while still engaging the learners and keeping them excited about learning. Another advantage to E-sports is that it also caters for

a portion of the learners that are not great athletes or who struggle in a social context but when building worlds in Minecraft, or competing in various electronic sporting events, it gives them an opportunity to thrive! Educators should attend local conferences, edcamps (which are free), sign up on their favourite apps and educational products as they often run free online events and training. Take advantage to learn and get ahead because the world and the job market around is evolving and we need to give our students the best opportunity to play a meaningful role in society.

www.brainfeedmagazine.com |57| August 22

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