COMMUNITY: p05
GUIDE: p15
The challenge of passing on their Brazilian culture to children born to parents living in the UK
Acclaimed Brazilian dancer Jean Abreu is back with his brandnew show in the UK: Blood
April 07th – 20th 2013 LONDON EDITION
www.brazilianpost.co.uk • Issue n. 86
STUDYING BRAZIL IN THE UK
As Brazil’s relevance worldwide keeps growing, British universities promote deeper understanding on the country complexities with Brazilian studies programmes. The Brazilian Post spoke with PhD and MA students to shows how the Brazil-UK connection is raising in UK academic centres.
Read more on pages 2 and 8 >>
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April 07th – 20th 2013
Front Page BEYOND STEREOTYPES
Expanding the knowledge on Brazil in the UK Centres of Brazilian studies in British universities reinforce country’s relevance on the world stage
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By Guilherme Reis athilde Chatin is French and has lived in London since 2011. Last year, she began her PhD program, in which she is examining the possibility of Brazil becoming an international power, analysing whether the country can challenge the concept that military capability is vital for a state to rise as a world power. “The title of my PhD is Brazil: a new powerhouse without military strength? A conceptual and empirical quest through an emerging economic power. I am attempting to discover if Brazil, will confirm or invalidate this conception of power and to understand whether it can become a power, not through military means, but rather thanks to economic recognition and ‘soft power’.
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esides the ever-growing number of Brazilian students in the United Kingdom, today, it is unusual to hear about academic groups studying Brazil at renowned British universities, such as King’s College or Oxford University. The rising importance of Brazil in the world arena is, undoubtedly, boosting these projects and encouraging professors from various nations to learn more about our “green and yellow” country. This theme is explore by Guilherme Reis in the news pages (2 and 8) of this edition. In our community section, Natalia Braga discusses how Brazilian parents can ensure they pass part of their
Studies on Brazil help Europeans better understand the country in its complexity
I will evaluate the characteristics of power through the example of Brazil and determine whether the country can illustrate the evolution of these criteria, in the perspective of Brazil’s growing role in international economy and global politics and of its limited fighting capabilities,” Mathilde told The Brazilian Post. Far from an armchair-researcher, Mathilde also told us that she visited Brazil in 2009 and intends to return to the country twice this year in order to do more research in her area of study. “I want to work in a politics or international relations environment and would like to use and continue developing my knowledge about Latin
America and Brazil in particular”. Mathilde is one of the eight students on the PhD programme at King’s Brazil Institute, which is devoted to studies on Brazil at the prestigious King’s College London. A pioneer in promoting the culture and history of Brazil in England, the University, through the Brazil Institute, has clearly expressed the growing international interest about the country. The director of King’s Brazil Institute, Professor Anthony Pereira, told to TBP that the university has a long history of teaching Portuguese language, since the 1860s, and that made the institution a natural place for the promotion of studies on Brazil. “With the establishment of
the Brazil Institute in 2010, King’s is branching out beyond literature and history to promote research, teaching and events on contemporary Brazil, mainly from a social science perspective”, said Pereira. The teacher also commented that many non-Brazilian students know little about the country, and are mostly only familiar with popular images like samba, football, beaches and capoeira. “There is nothing wrong with the stereotypes - they are generally positive and induce people to want to know more about Brazil. But we try to get people to go beyond them to look more deeply at a diverse, vast, complex, rapidly changing country.” Continued on Page 08 >>
EDITORIAL cultural background and language onto their children. She also talks to two mothers who face this challenge and also to the founders of “Clube dos Brasileirinhos” (“Little Brazilians’ Club”). This initiative develops the learning, not only of the Portuguese language, but about Brazilian culture for many British-Brazilian children in London. In our Brazilian news (p. 4), we find out more about an exciting joint-venture between the Brazilian Ministry of Culture, the Brazilian National Museum and the Victoria & Albert Museum - the world’s greatest museum of arts and design. In several countries - including Brazil - the 4G Wireless Network is
still in its infancy of development. Here, in England, the 3 and 4G networks were lagging behind for some time. Now, the United Kingdom is funding the research for the pioneering of the next generation’s network: the 5G. Read about it in Technology, Page 10. With veteran stars of Brazilian Football and sport, like Ronaldo and Bebeto - the “Temple of Brazilian Football” is now reopened: the Maracanã staudium reopened with a special commemorative match. In Sport (p. 13), Renato Brandão tells us about the spirit of the match, with celebrations and polemics. Throughout all our sections, we
always emphasize the connection between Brazil and United Kingdom. And through this, we show our confidence on the relations on international affairs. At the same time, we are open to discussing and holding a critical eye to contradictions of our nation in the global arena. Enjoy yourself with culture, sports, politics, education and much more, always bringing up the connections between our two homes! Keep in touch! Ana Toledo ana@brazilianpost.co.uk Editor in Chief
Brazil | 03
MULTICULTURAL COUNTRY
Afro-Brazilian culture and democracy
There are signs of change in the behaviour of afro-Brazilians, who are starting to accept themselves as descendants of the African Diaspora
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By Ruy dos Santos Siqueira*
he law that provides the inclusion of African history and afro-Brazilian culture in Brazilian schools was promulgated by President Lula in 2003, and has been a great achievement for African descents and also a victory for society in general. It’s impact are an achievement of all Brazilians who envisage a country where its public spaces of thought and creativity are a platform for all the anthologies and cultures that exist in in Brazil. The introduction of the law has meant that various disciplines began to consider the study of African history and culture of Africans and afro-Brazilians, as well as Brazil’s indigenous population. As a result more people now understand and appreciate the role of these cultures in the formation of Brazilian society and their contribution to the social, economic and political in the country’s socio-historical context. This inclusion represented a major break with the pervading negative caricature of the black slave or indigenous Indians as being racially inferior. This initiative was an important part of the affirmative action applied in the early years of the Lula government, under which Brazil had signed commitments to confront and combat racism. Ten years since the enactment of the law, significant advances have occurred,
but the winds are still blowing slowly in terms of effectiveness. Sometimes such measures are haunted by the spectre of Christian fundamentalism and political conservatism, which themselves act as guardians of the resistance against the growing historical and political consciousness of Brazil’s afro-Brazilian people who are gradually completing their search for identity. No one can fail to celebrate the changes of the last decade. This thorough legal framework is an encouragement because it has created an alterative to traditional monolithic and monoculture, which had previously been a mere reproducer of the Western canon, which had the idea of social determinism or cultural Darwinism at its heart. It must be noted that from the beginning of its creation, both the government and civil society have been mobilised to boost its implementation. There have been challenges in the application and visibility of the law’s impact. Most governments and public managers suffer from an out-dated political and educational outlook. Abolishing the caricatured image of poor black men and women from Africa, mistakenly described as a place of savannas and hunger is not an easy task. Seven now, strange and hostile voices resonate in Brazil’s nostalgic and historical ruins, that say the place of afro-Brazilian is restricted to a slave quarters and bound to menial tasks.
According to the 2010 Census, most of the Brazil’s population are non-white: 50.7% - or 97 million people Unfortunately, incorporating the history of Africa and afro-Brazilian culture in the school curriculum remains difficult. In fact, it’s easier to impose mandatory reading of the Bible, as already occurs in many parts of Brazil, which calls into question the idea that we live in a secular state. There is no doubt that the inclusion of African history and afro-Brazilian culture in Brazilian schools paved the way for debate in universities and government agencies. Race issues have left the ghetto and are presented in everyday governance, in the implementation of initiatives by various public officials. Undoubtedly, the law has produced positive effects for society as a whole
in terms of its recognition and its importance in Brazilian civilization. With the introduction of the law, saw a shift in focus of the literary and editorial universe. This forced government authorities to develop a comprehensive syllabus. Another effect of the law, tentatively positive, is its psychological impact. There are strong signs of change in the behaviour of afro-Brazilians, clearly accepting themselves as citizens descended from the African Diaspora. There has been a perceived improvement in self-esteem of the people, even in the face of a country where racism exists with no explicit punishment. It is undeniable that the law led to great changes in our complex education system and a new approach in Brazilian literature and textbooks that have traditionally treated black people as subordinate, without taking into account its intellectual, artistic and scientific capacity. Though the patchy gains created by this law leads us to deduce that unfortunately, parts of Brazilian society still resist or have not yet incorporated the characteristics of a multiethnic and multicultural Brazil, which is of vital importance for the more just and harmonious coexistence of Brazilians. * Arts Educator, Legislative Law Specialist and former Secretary of the Commission for Human Rights and Minorities of the Chamber of Deputies
Brazil | 04 |
April 07th – 20th 2013
BRAZIL-UK 1
Ministry of Culture strike unique partnership with the V&A Museum
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By The Brazilian Post
n late April Brazil’s Minister of Culture, Marta Suplicy received Martin Roth, director of the Victoria & Albert Museum as a visitor to his office in Brasilia. The meeting was a follow up to the minister’s visit to London last December, to discuss a proposed long-term partnership between the V&A, Brazil’s National Museum of the Republic and the Ministry of Culture. The partnership will be for four years and may be extended. “New life for the National Museum which will be completely renovated,” said the minister during the meeting. At the meeting, Martin Roth presented a proposal to hold a series of exhibitions and debates, to be conducted jointly by the V&A, in London, and the National Museum of the Republic, in Brasília, for the World Cup 2014 and the Olympics in 2016. The boldness of the initiative is in joint efforts to connect the utopian spirit and innovative architectural proposal of Brasilia with the idea of a museum of 21st century. “Brazil has an amazing cultural power. First, the formation of the Brazilian people: it is Portuguese, African and indigenous, not counting immigration. It is a country with a very high level of cultural impact. The first time I went to Brazil was in 1998. The Brazil of that time and now are completely different. People are not in some way ‘depressed’ as they were then, they are excited about the current situation in Brazil. And it has a lot of potential to tell great stories to the world. Brazilian art is very exciting,” Roth said in an interview to the newspaper Folha de S. Paulo.
“Brazil has an amazing cultural power. It is Portuguese, African and indigenous, not counting immigration. It is a country with a very high level of cultural impact”Martin Roth Exhibitions
The first action discussed is an exhibition about design, architecture, fashion, science and technology, to be held at the National Museum of the Republic. This aims to connect Brazil and Brazilian creativity to the diversity of the various faces and visions of the contemporary world. The ambition of the project is to create a platform of connection between culture and innovation, from the centrality of Brasilia as a meeting place of Brazilian and international diversity. The shows will look at every aspect of life in Brazil, as a result, subjects such as the dance and the idea of the future may be the basis for other exhibitions until 2016.
The partnership of the V&A Museum and National Museum of the Republic will last for at least four years.
The V&A has a huge collection and international expertise, and want to join the Brazilian Ministry of Culture and creators together to build a roadmap of the history and future of design, fashion and architecture. IBRAM will be the point of contact in this partnership, connecting the proposal with the policy objectives of the museum sector in Brazil, aiming at complementing the legacy of these actions to strengthen the museum sector
in Brazil. Besides the exhibition planned for the National Museum of the Republic, the V&A’s current sell out blockbuster show, ‘David Bowie is’ travels to Brazil in January next year. This is exciting news for São Paulo’s Image and Sound Museum where the exhibition will be held as it has already broken the record among British museums for the number of tickets sold in advance (40,000) since opening at the end of March.
BRAZIL-UK 2
Brazil and UK to widen access to foreign trade information
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By The Brazilian Post
razil and the United Kingdom have signed a memorandum of understanding to expand the system for Consultation of Tariff Preference Agreements (CAPTA), which regulates the reduction of import duty resulting from international trade agreements entered into by Brazil. Currently, details on this reduction (known as a tariff preference) can be accessed through the CAPTA web page, on the Ministry of Development, Industry and Foreign Trade (MDIC) portal. The reduction is granted by Brazil to 44
countries and received by Brazil from 37 countries. Under the agreement, CAPTA will also provide the following information: the tariffs applied to Brazilian exports by Brazil’s major trading partners (not only the tariff preferences); rules and tariffs of the Generalised System of Preferences (SGP); rules of origin of tariff preference agreements, and the commitments of agreements in services concluded within the framework of the World Trade Organisation (WTO). The goal of the initiative is to facilitate access to this information, therefore increasing use among exporters
of the tariff reductions negotiated by Brazil in bilateral agreements. Accordingly, the exporter will easily be able to decide which country presents the best commercial alternative for their product. The MDIC Secretary of Foreign Trade, Tatiana Lacerda Prazeres, Vince Cable, the British Secretary of State for Business, Innovation and Skills and the President of the National Confederation of Industry (CNI), Robson Braga, signed the document which provides for this expansion during a meeting of the Joint Economic and Trade Committee (JETCO). The service is and will remain free
of charge. CAPTA is available from any computer connected to the Internet. The tool also features a specially developed version for mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets. The MDIC and the British ministry signed a further memorandum of understanding at the meeting, focusing on trade, investment, services, sustainability, education, standardization, research and development, and innovation. The agreement establishes a two-year plan (2013-2014) in which specific projects will be developed in these areas between the two governments.
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Community HERITAGE LANGUAGE
Is your child a Brazilian in London and a gringo in Brazil?
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By Nathália Braga
or many Brazilians who chose to come to London, making the move to live abroad is, by itself, a decision that carries many emotional factors. While living far away from home you might miss the connection not only to your family members in Brazil, but also with the roots of our culture and our language. For many others who go on to have a child in a foreign country, often with a partner of another nationality, raises even bigger challenges, which is to not only educate, but ensure your children retain some connection to Brazilian culture. For those couples who find themselves in this situation, they often hope to provide their children with a knowledge and experience of their heritage language (this the parent’s language that is the one not spoken in the country in which they find themselves living). After all, children will need to communicate with their grandparents, uncles, aunts and cousin who live in Brazil, which helps make the child feel that they belong to this environment. Some parents may also worry that in speaking two or event three languages in different situations, children may become confused or fail to acquire necessary skills in any language. But for the president and founder of the Brazilian Association of Educational Initiatives in the United Kingdom (Abrir, in Portuguese), Ana Souza, this is one of the greatest myths when it comes to multilingual education. “Mixing two languages does not mean that the child will not be able to learn neither one nor the other. It is a natural process of language development “, explains the expert. In fact, learning two languages at the same time can help the child’s cognitive development. “It improves the development of the brain and way of thinking, being more flexible since it usually tiny because the child realizes that he can give different names to the same object. It tends to be more flexible when talking to others, open to other ideas and to learning.” Day by day Making sure your child is speaking Portuguese everyday when you live in an English speaking country is not always simple. After all, in the playgrounds and especially in nursery and school, English predominates. The solution for some parents is to use their respective languages at home. If both are Brazilian, it is easier, but Brazilians married to British or other nationalities can follow the same method, known as OPOL (oneparent-one-language).
Children learn Portuguese and the general culture of Brazil
“When the couple have different nationalities, it is recommended that the parent speak their own language to the child. For example, if the father is Polish and the mother is Brazilian and they speak English in public situations, the child will be exposed to three languages at once. It is important to get into the OPOL habit as soon as the couple discovers they are having a baby! This might seem excessive and exhausting for an unborn baby, but science has shown that children have capacity for the absorption and learning of languages while in their mother’s womb,” said Luciana Paquet, the translator and member of the Institute of Linguists in London.
The importance of communicating in Portuguese and passing on Brazilian culture “When the couple have different nationalities, it is recommended that the parent speak their own language to the child. The child will be exposed to three languages at once” – Luciana Paquet Once the baby is born, another tip is incorporate translation in the learning process, such as reading bilingual books as a useful tool or buying the same book in both languages. “The mother and father can read the same story in two different languages. The child will absorb new vocabulary in both languages, learning their grammatical structures and start becoming familiar to the bilingual universe without realising.”
Clube dos Brasileirinhos While speaking Portuguese and reading in the home is an important step in encouraging language learning there are some cases in which children do not feel motivated enough to speak in Portuguese. Some children are able to understand what is being said in Portuguese, but respond in English, often causing frustration for their Brazilian parents. But Ana Souza, the Abrir specialist explains that it takes patience and advises parents not to become discouraged. “When children behave in this way it does not mean they are rejecting the language, they are only doing what is more natural,” says Ana, noting that several activities at her institution are directed to parents in this situation. One is to support small schools and groups where Portuguese and Brazilian culture is taught (in total, there are ten institutions across the UK). One such school is the Clube dos Brasileirinhos (or Little Brazilians Club), which was created in 2009 and currently has about 30 students, divided into three classes: four to six years, seven to eight years and nine to eleven. Classes are held on Saturdays from 10:30 to 12:30 in a school located next to the St. Johns Wood station, north London. The Club follows the calendar of British schools, and therefore, the content of the classes is scheduled for each term, which currently cost £138. While at the club, children learn Portuguese and the general culture of Brazil. During a visit by The Brazilian Post, the children listened attentively to the teacher talk about regions of Brazil and the characteristics and peculiarities of each. It is in this way that children of Brazilians in London not only develop the learning, but also make new friends and feel motivated to use what they have
learned in the classroom. “We want these children to have as good a level of Portuguese as they have English,” one of those responsible for the Clube dos Brasileirinhos, Silvia Fermo. We also spoke to some of the parents to find out a little more about their motivation to send their children to the school once a week. Brazilian Marcia Pryn has been living in London for seven years and is married to a Frenchman. The couple’s daughter is nine years old and started attending classes to improve her Portuguese. “On the first day of class she did not want enter the room, but by the end she did not want to leave. I’ll see how it goes as I want her to also learn our culture,” says Marcia. Another mother who has observed the good results is Neusa Neves, originally from Angolo, also mum to a nine year old daughter who had formerly attended and left Portuguese classes elsewhere, though after meeting this club has decided to stay. “The Brazilian community is much warmer. My daughter is much more confident in speaking Portuguese and I realize that she feels more comfortable too.” Regardless of the methodology used, the heritage language is one of the most beautiful gifts that parents can give their children - after all, is an eternal connection with their roots.
LINKS ABRIR www.abrir.org.uk Clube dos Brasileirinhos www.clubedosbrasileirinhos.com J.N Piquet bilingual books www.jnpaquet-books.com
Community | 06 |
April 07th – 20th 2013
. http://hilarious-consequences.blogspot.co.uk http://www.steaknightcomics.com/ steaknightcomics.com/RRR_BOOKS.html
OMBUDSMAN This is your chance to let the Brazilian Post’s team know what you think. Send your feedback and get involved! Send your emails to contato@brazilianpost.co.uk
Definitely good news because Brazil I think has been seen by a lot of people in Britain as a jungle, favelas and crime. Perceptions are everything and Brazil could do with the money and tourism. The World Cup and Olympics is certainly a present given to Brazil to present it other than a country of ‘Samba’ and ‘football.’
- John Rowlands, Liverpool - UK
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Tokyo Tokyo is the capital of JAPAN, and the largest metropolitan area in the world. It is the seat of the Japanese GOVERNMENT and the Imperial PALACE, and the home of the Japanese IMPERIAL Family. The city has been described as one of the three “COMMAND centers” for the world ECONOMY, along with New York City and London. As the LARGEST population center in Japan and the LOCATION of the country’s largest broadcasters and STUDIOS, TOKYO is frequently the setting for many japanese movies, TELEVISION shows, ANIMATED series (anime), web COMICS, and comic books (manga). In the kaiju (monster movie) genre, LANDMARKS of Tokyo are constantly destroyed by giant MONSTERS such as GODZILLA.
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Community| 07
PROFILE
Carla Fachim: Full time journalist
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Text and Photo: Rômulo Seitenfus ome years ago, the well-known Brazilian journalist, Carla Fachim had produced a report covering a storm that had destroyed a city in southern Brazil. Having worked hard on the story, once it was submitted she was hoping to do some personal tasks, it was also the day of her husband’s birthday and she had planned a surprise part for him. On her way home she went to have her hair done for the party and to take some time to relax after meeting her deadline. Just after the dye was applied she received a call from the television company: she needed to return to work. The Jornal Nacional (or National Jornal, one of Brazil’s most popular TV programmes) wanted another report on the subject. Un-panicked (reporting on crises and disasters had given her a uniqe sense of persoective), Carla simply asked the hairdresser speed up the treatment, she rushed to work, completed the second report and still made it back in time for the party, just one example of how she has found it possible to shine in different roles over the years. Editor and presenter of Bom Dia Rio Grande, a popular morning TV newscast, Carla Fachim still also works as a reporter for TV Globo nationwide. In the business for 17 years, she has won the audience over with her less formal presenting style, creating more thoughtful programme are more factual less sensational. On vacation in London, the journalist tells this story as an example of how she has had to reconcile her career choices with personal relationships and reveals that she has had to miss some important moments. “Journalism is a full time profession. You are working only during professional business hours, news is constant and so is our coverage. My work has sometimes got in the way of other things in my life, even living with my family. It is all about choices and I know I have chosen correctly so far,” she said. For two consecutive years, 2011 and 2012, she won the recognition of Press Magazine, dedicated to news involving journalists and their work. She was chosen by a jury, elected through an online poll and a group of specialised judges, consisting of renowned journalists, government officials and leaders from various sectors. Last year, Carla set a new pace and challenge to her reporter colleagues. “We started walking and gradually our exercise evolved into the race. In just three months of preparation we were part of the Marathon of Porto Alegre. I wanted to Stimulate and encourage our viewers to realise the importance of physical activity, we challenged ourselves so that our audience could identify with our struggles, weaknesses, doubts but feel inspired to join in too”. At the end of the year the project was awarded by the
RBS Group for being an unprecedented initiative to show a new possibility in the relationship of reports to the audience, with striking results. This year, Carla will work with reporters from the 12 stations of the RBS Group within its state. “Now we want to be godparents of these people and together we run on October 6th in Race for Life, the Children’s Cancer Institute, in Porto Alegre. We made this link with this cancer charity, because it is proven that physical exercises regularly eliminates the risk of many diseases,” she explained. Among the many experiences and unforgettable scenes in her reporting career, Carla recalled some the moments that have marked her history when we met in London.
“The saddest thing was while I was working for TV Globo in São Paulo and was part of the coverage of the TAM aircraft that crashed. Undoubtedly, it was one of the worst emotional experiences that I lived through as a journalist. I lost friends in the crash, saw the bodies being rescued, the flames, smelled death and saw the sadness of families. It was impossible not to shake at the time, much less forget.” The presenter also recalls the beginning of his career, with RBS TV in Cruz Alta where she was the author of the series of reports that denounced facts about Foot and Mouth Disease in Rio Grande do Sul. “What struck me negatively was to see the size of the financial loss
and emotional impact FMD created for in thousands of families. I covered the news thoroughly and I became involved with people who treated infected animals as part of the family. With the cameramen Elias Gotaski, Sérgio Espíndola and João Maurício I was exposed to dangerous situations. Sometimes we had to flee police, hiding in the sheds of settlers, and even took shocks of electric fences to escape surveillance and show that the Secretary of Agriculture had let down so many families. The result could be compared to merciless psychological torture, with people suffering the loss of their animals and in many cases, their only source of livelihood, overnight. We made sure we captured everything.”
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April 07th – 20th 2013
Continued from page 02 >> Anthony explained that, not being restricted to the Rio - São Paulo, King’s has partnered with universities in other regions of Brazil, as the PUC-RS and the federal universities of Curitiba and Minas Gerais. Another “gringo” starting to see Brazil with more attentive and critical eyes is the German Georg Berger, student on the MA programme at Brazil Institute. “The programme offers a very broad choice of modules, from cultural studies, to modules focusing more on economics and politics. My modules focus on politics and economics. We have covered everything from the internal workings of Brazilian politics to detailed policy issues such as violence and public security, economic development and inequality, corruption, and race relations”, Berger told TBP. Besides the case studies and areas already mentioned, all students in this programme take classes on the history of Brazil since colonial times until today.
Brazilians
Not only “foreigners” are studying Brazil in the UK. The quality of British education, coupled with the experience of living in the globalised world outside their homeland, makes many Brazilians choose to expand their academic credentials by studying Brazil here, with the advantage of bringing natural knowledge and differentiated views on their country along with their luggage. At King’s College, Grace Iara Souza, 28, from Sao Paulo, is developing her PhD research on Brazilian environmental policies. “I am investigating how Brazil ‘internalises’ commitments set in international environment treaties (such as the Kyoto Protocol, for example), through development policies and environmental preservation. I intend to investigate what are the perceptions of local people who live in so-called ‘global natural resources’, such as the Brazilian Amazon,” she told TBP. Grace, who also did her undergraduate and master’s degree at King’s College, said, “Studying Brazil in the UK is an interesting experience. The international influence brings new nuances to the debate, be it economic, political, social or environmental. The study of political ecology focused on International Relations was until now little explored in Brazil and this encouraged me to do the master’s and PhD here in the UK.” The PhD student also said that international scholars who often do not represent the Brazilian position publish about 80% of the existing research on the Amazon, and not having access to national publications in Portuguese, they eventually omit important details about our reality. “Being a Brazilian studying Brazil in the UK is a chance to be one of the bridges that connect the two worlds, especially now, when Brazil has continually increasing its international significance.”
On this concern in the Brazilian academic environment in relation to foreign researchers, Souza said “there is still a mixture of feelings. While many, especially those who have had or still participate in international collaborations or did part of their studies abroad support the initiative and are extremely open to collaboration, there are still a few who have a more protectionist position and question, whenever possible, our decision to come study abroad”.
“Being a Brazilian studying Brazil in the UK is a chance to be one of the bridges that connect the two worlds” Grace Iara Souza
Another Brazilian at King’s Brazil Institute, Darcio Pimenta, who is on the MA programme, said he had no problem with that. “The conversations and exchanges of information with researchers from Brazil are always very productive. We are in the same direction, researching and developing solutions to improve our country,” he told TBP. Pimenta also said that to finish the MA he intends to contribute to the strengthening of small business in Brazil through entrepreneurial connections between the two countries. “Brazil is an economic and cultural reference where there are many business opportunities,” he said.
Oxford
Considered the best university in the UK and the fourth best in the world, the University of Oxford also has a program of studies on Brazil, covering the areas of International Relations, Comparative Politics, Language and Culture and Environment. According to director of the Brazilian Studies Programme, Thimoty Power, today there are 35 Brazilian students at Oxford, and 30 of them are in graduate school and 13 are fellows of the federal Brazilian program, Science Without Borders.
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EDITOR IN CHIEF Ana Toledo ana@brazilianpost.co.uk
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PUBLIC RELATIONS Roberta Schwambach
UK universities are planning Brazilian offices
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CONTRIBUTORS Carolina Beal
Three “important” UK universities are said to be in talks with the British Council about opening offices in Brazil as interest in expanding into the market rises. Until now, the UK academy’s presence in the Latin American country has been slow to develop, with British institutions put off by the challenges of working in a highly bureaucratic culture. But after the University of Edinburgh opened an office in São Paulo earlier this month, there have been signs that a growing number of universities hope to overcome those hurdles. “It’s about being here before the other guy. There’s a lot of competition among them,” said Rodrigo Gaspar, education promotion manager at the British Council in Brazil. The trio of universities considering Brazilian offices are
understood to have established a presence in the country already. Among those with long-standing links to Brazil are the universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, which have shared an office in Joinville in the southern state of Santa Catarina since 2011. David Eastwood, Birmingham’s vicechancellor, and David Greenaway, head of Nottingham, are expected to visit São Paulo and Brasilia in October. The office, set up 10 years ago by Nottingham, promotes incountry research and links with businesses, government and higher education. Birmingham is also working with the Brazilian Ministry of Sport to develop sports science and policy ahead of the FIFA 2014 World Cup and the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro.
Christiano Holanda Cibele Porto Daniela Barone Jamie Jubon Nathália Braga Rafael Cabral Ricardo Somera Rômulo Seitenfus Saulo Caliari Shaun Cumming Tico Silvério Zazá Oliva
PUBLISHED BY Mortimer, Marketing & Media LTD 14 Widgeon Close, London – E16 3EF Company number: 8043939
09
Latin America INDEPENDENCE
US protests against Bolivia’s decision to expel USAID
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he US has expressed regret at Bolivia’s decision to throw out America’s development agency. A US official said the move against the US Agency for International Development (USAID) “harms the Bolivian people”. In a May Day address, Mr Morales accused USAID of seeking to “conspire against” Bolivia and said that the expulsion was in response to a recent comment by the US secretary of state, John Kerry that Latin America was the USA’s “backyard”. US state department spokesman Patrick Ventrell defended USAID’s work in Bolivia. “We think the programmes have been positive for the Bolivian people, and fully co-ordinated with the government and appropriate agencies under their own national development plan”. Unsurprisingly, USAID said it deeply regretted Mr Morales’ decision. “Those who will be most hurt by the Bolivian government’s decision are the Bolivian citizens who have benefited from our collaborative work on education,
Morales said he “would nationalise the dignity of the Bolivian people”
agriculture, health, alternative development, and the environment,” it said in a statement. According to USAID’s website it has been working in Bolivia for almost five decades, and had a budget of $52.1m (£33.4m) for the country in 2010.
Morales said there was “no lack of US institutions which continue to conspire against our people and especially the national government, which is why we’re going to take the opportunity to announce on this May Day that we’ve decided to expel USAID”
Mr Morales, who heads his country’s union of coca growers, has been critical in the past of US counter-narcotic programmes in Bolivia, repeatedly stating that the fight against drugs is driven by geopolitical interests.
OPPOSITION
Colombia’s Uribe court threaten Venezuela leader Maduro
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ormer Colombian president Alvaro Uribe says he will take Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro to the Inter-American Commission for Human Rights. According to Mr Uribe’s lawyer, Mr Maduro’s accusation that Uribe had plotted to assassinate him had put the Colombian’s life at risk and he also said he wants to start a libel investigation in Colombia. The Venezuelan leader said on Friday he had evidence that right-wing Venezuelan politicians were involved in a plot masterminded by Mr Uribe. But Mr Uribe - a fierce critic of the late President Hugo Chavez has dismissed Mr Maduro’s accusation as “immature”. On Sunday, Mr Uribe’s lawyer issued a statement saying the former president’s “life and bodily integrity” had been put at risk. Nicolas Maduro won April’s election by a narrow margin, official results show.
The statement also said the accusations were the acts of “a desperate person who holds power illegitimately” and wanted to “divert the attention from the corruption and illegality sponsored by the dictatorship he runs.” For its part, the Venezuelan government also accused an American national, Timothy Tracy, of funding opposition protests to “destabilise the country with the goal of starting a civil war”. US President Barack Obama dismissed the accusations as “ridiculous”, while Mr Maduro hit back calling him the “grand chief of devils”. Since taking over from the late President Hugo Chavez as acting president and even after winning disputed elections last month, Mr Maduro denounced a string of alleged conspiracies in Venezuela. Uribe: a fierce critic of the late President Hugo Chavez
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April 07th – 20th 2013
Technology HIGH CONECTION
British university leads the development of 5G
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By Rafael Cabral fter lagging behind in the development and implementation of 3 and 4G, England is investing in academic research to pioneer the next generation of mobile internet (5G). The University of Surrey, (located in Guildford, just outside of London), will build a modern innovation centre dedicated to research on 5G, uniting the leading experts from academia and industry, through a public-private partnership between the government and a group of leading companies in the telecommunications sector. “We are working on all stages of the development of 5G, the entire system - the development of the network architecture, the structure of the access via radio, the wireless network and also investigating other promising technologies. The Surrey project is focused on the development of several of these technologies, to guarantee the intellectual property standards, and to help deploy them faster than expected”, says the engineer Rahim Tafazolli, director of the 5G Innovation Center at the University of Surrey.
University of Surrey innovation centre
He explains that the biggest challenge facing the developers of 5G is to improve the infrastructure and thus create a better browsing experience for the user. “The speed is not the biggest
issue, but there aresome structural problems. We’re aiming to create a better use of the radio spectrum and to improve the use of energy in the system. This should generate high capacity networks that are 1000 times better than the current 4G”, Tafazolli said. According to Tafazolli, the UK Research Partnership Fund Investment (UKRPIF) is funding a third of the project, while the rest of the investment comes from a consortium of global companies (Telefónica, Fujitsu, Rohde-Schwarz, AIRCOM International, Huawei and Samsung). With an investment of £35 million at the end of 2012, the center hopes to accelerate the research and implementation of standards. By the end of 2013, the University of Surrey will launch a testing ground for experiments in beyond-4G and 5G, an area covering 4 km square, with speed up to 1 Gbit/sec in each cell. Good news for the local students, researchers and the telecommunication companies who will get to use the site.
The fifth generation of mobile Internet will be 1000 times better than 4G
The economic importance of the subject is evident - a network of high capacity can help attract businesses and high-income jobs. Following the trend, the European Union announced in February an investment of €50 million for various local research projects that, seek to accelerate the development of the high-speed mobile broadband. According to the engineer Luis Rodriguez-Rosello, chief of the ‘Future Networks’ sector at the European Commission, the European interest in high-speed broadband is not new, but has gained momentum thanks to the funding announced in early 2013. “Europe has the funds, the will, and the expertise to succeed and pioneer 5G. From 2007 to 2013 EU research investments amount to more than €700 million for research on future networks, half of which is allocated to wireless technologies and contributing to development of 4G and now beyond4G and 5G technologies”, he said. When fully developed, 5G will transform the experience of mobile internet, creating a more visual communication (with video rather than audio calls as standard), enabling a ubiquitous network (available everywhere) and paving the way for a effective implementation of the so called ‘internet of things’ (connected machines, sensors and objects). However, don’t get too excited, this won’t happen anytime soon: the technology is not expected to reach the market until 2020.
11
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razilian cheese breads are famous and have fed many a weary traveller and party-goer to visit our country. Its origin is uncertain though it is speculated that the recipe has existed since the eighteenth century in Minas Gerais. The dish became popular throughout the country after the 1950s and is now served around South America and a variety is even now made in Japan. The pão de queijo is made of cassava starch and cheese, with a distinct taste and texture: the inside is chewy and moist and the outside is crunchy. Cheese Balls can also be bought in a variety of sizes, form large when you are very hungry to small, when dining in more refined Brazilian restaurants. These snacks are extremely tasty and a great nibble for any occasion from picnics to drinks parties. So next time you are having guests over, treat them with this Brazilian delicacy, you can
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12 |
April 07th – 20th 2013
Sport UEFA CHAMPIONS LEAGUE
German final in London
Robben (Bayern)
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By Jamie Jubon ayern Munich and Borussia Dortmund will contest the UEFA Champions League Final at Wembley later this month after they completed semi-final victories against Spanish giants Barcelona and Real Madrid. The German clubs both produced outstanding first-leg performances to leave them on the brink of a first-ever all-German Champions League Final. Dortmund’s Polish striker Robert Lewandowski became the first player to score four goals in a Champions League semi-final as Jose Mourinho’s Madrid lost 4-1 in Germany, whilst Bayern incredibly humbled Barcelona 4-0, who had a seemingly injured Lionel Messi in their starting line-up. Madrid came close to reversing the score at the Bernebeu as two late goals from Karim Benzema and Sergio Ramos left the Spaniards needing just one goal to progress to the Final on the away goals rule. However, Jurgen Klopp’s energetic young Dortmund team saw out the last few minutes to reach their first Final in 16 years. Barcelona opted to leave Messi on the bench for the second leg at the Nou Camp, possibly with the idea not to
injure him further, but it may also have been an admission that tie was already beyond them. So it proved as Bayern routed the Catalans once again 3-0, to record an unprecedented 7-0 aggregate victory. All this means that it will be Germany embarking on Wembley in late May as two Bundesliga clubs face off in a Champions League Final for the very first time. There has previously been allSpanish, all-Italian and all-English Finals, and now it is the turn of Germany. 150,000 German fans are expected to travel to England, despite both sets of fans only being allocated a total of 50,000 tickets. It shows the sheer excitement that this game is already understandably generating amongst German supporters as England prepare to welcome their old rivals for the biggest club match in European football. The talking point amongst the experts in the wake of Dortmund’s and Munich’s successes has been whether German football is now ready to take a strangle-hold and go on to dominate in Europe over the next few years. English football is at a bit of a crossroads with the likes of Manchester United and Chelsea not as strong as they
have been in previous years, whilst the two giants from Spain were also shown to be lagging behind as Dortmund and Munich’s high intensity, high pressure game unsettled the Spaniards to such an extent that they were never able to settle down and exert their expansive, attacking game on the Germans in both legs. Bayern produced two performances that were very much Barcelona-esque, as their pressing game, so often successfully deployed in recent years by Barca, meant that the Catalans almost found out what it was like to play against themselves in their hey-day. Bayern Munich is a team; everybody knows their roles, every player knows the system and every player performs their roles to absolute perfection. Jupp Heynckes can take huge credit for the creation of this team, and the challenge facing their in-coming manager, ironically the Barcelona legend Pep Guardiola, is a daunting one. How to improve this current Bayern squad may prove incredibly difficult, and certainly if they go on to win the Champions League and the German Cup to go with their already secured German league title, it will be impossible to improve upon what would be a perfect season. On the subject of potential future German domination, Bayern certainly have everything in place to be the new dominant team in Europe. World-class players in every single position, the financial clout to both keep and attract the game’s superstars, and competing in a league competition which is growing in popularity with each passing year. The Bundesliga is becoming an attractive place for foreign players to play their trade, and the success of the two German clubs this season will make it even more so. The problem in Germany though is that Bayern Munich, on a financial side, is head and shoulders above any of their rivals, even Dortmund. The team from the Westphalia region of Germany were close to bankruptcy just a few years ago, as financial mismanagement left them with huge debt. Those problems were eventually resolved, and subsequently Dortmund is now a well-run, financially-stable football club with their incomings and outgoings sensibly handled.
Gotze (Borussia)
This is what makes their rapid reemergence at the top of both the German and European game that much more notable. They haven’t spent silly money on buying a new team, instead they have developed their own stars and luckily their decision to adopt this policy, has coincided with a golden generation of young German footballers. That is what must make the decision of Gotze, a player developed in their own academy, to walk out and join their biggest rivals, all the more frustrating. It will be near-impossible for Dortmund to keep this current team together, with the giants of European football circling together with their huge pay cheques. How nice it would be if Borussia could leave us with something memorable to remember this team for, a Champions League trophy. Concluding, it will be extremely hard for German football to continue to dominate Europe. English clubs will no doubt roll the dice again this summer and spend big, while Spain will certainly not take these two defeats lying down and will come again, surely stronger, next season. However, Bayern and Dortmund deserve huge credit this season and deserve their place in the UEFA Champions League Final. When the two teams emerge from the tunnel at Wembley on May 25th, it will undoubtedly be this year’s two best teams in Europe, and there can’t be a higher compliment paid than that.
Sport | 13
RIO 2016
Golf and rugby: back at the Olympic Games
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By Tico Silverio
hough memories are still fresh from the London 2012 Olympic Games, Rio 2016 is already starting to get on the agenda, even three years before the start of the event. Rio 2016 will be the first Olympics held in a South American country. It is a major achievement for the southern part of the American continent, and a victory in sports and socio-economic terms for Brazil. The news, however, is not only about the country that will host the games, but also the inclusion of two new sports in 2016’s event. The International Olympic Committee has approved the inclusion of rugby and golf. Thus, Rio 2016 will maintain the 26 sports played in London 2012 and adds two more to bring a total of 28 sport events. But despite being new in 2016, rugby and golf have been Olympic sports before. Golf was played in 1900 in Paris, and in 1904 in Saint Louis. Rugby was played between 1900 and 1924. Golf is a sport that has a very strong connection with the aristocracy, being associated with the more affluent classes. Many historians believe that the sport has British origins, which explains
its popularity here. In the Rio Olympics, the sport will be structured around Stroke Play, or 72 holes, 18 holes played per day. Brazil has no tradition in the sport, but the inclusion of the sport in the games leverage significant growth of new golf courses. But compared to the Argentines, who have golfers such as José Cóceres, Roberto DeVicenzo, Eduardo Romero, Ángel Cabrera and Ricardo González, who are among the best in Latin America, Brazil is just beginning in the sport. Rugby, despite being practiced in 21 Brazilian states, is even less popular than golf, but is a popular sport worldwide. The Rugby World Cup is the third largest sporting event, behind only the World Cup and the Olympic Games themselves. In 2016 the mode that will be included in the games will be the Rugby Sevens, in which each team has seven members and the game is divided into two halves of seven minutes each. Again, as in golf, the Argentines have more tradition than the Brazilians in this sport. Argentina won third place in the Rugby World Cup 2007, held in France, twice defeating the strong local selection. Brazil, for hosting the Games, has athletes in all sports. Despite having no
Golf was an Olympic sport in 1900 and 1904
tradition in golf and rugby, fans expect the three years left before the games will
be enough for Brazil to at least get ahead of the hermanos.
Special | 14 |
April 07th – 20th 2013
TEMPLE OF FOOTBALL
The ball is rolling again in the Maracana
The New Maracana has very little in common with the stadium built for the 1950 World Cup
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By Renato Brandão fter a long wait and some controversy, the ball is rolling again in the re-development of the temple of world football. Closed since September 2010, in late April the Maracana stadium received its first event test before the friendly match between Brazil and England, scheduled for June 2 - which will mark the official re-opening of the arena. It will also be the venue for the final of the Confederations Cup and the World Cup. The new Maracana pitch was graced by superstars such as Ronaldo and Bebeto in a commemorative match. Seven other world champions and stars attended the festive game in the most important Brazilian football stadium, with the match ending 8-5 for Ronaldo’s team. Before the friendly, Brazilian popular music artists entertained the public, serving as a test for both the modern sound system as well as the four highdefinition screens. At the ceremony of the National Anthem, the majority of fans booed the singer Fernanda Abreu, dressed in a shirt of Vasco da Gama, Eduardo Dussek, dressed in Botafogo colours, and Ivan Lins of Fluminense. Only Sandra de Sá, dressed with Flamengo’s shirt, was spared. Amongst the crowds were Maracana workers and their families, journalists, honoured guests and officials, including President Dilma Rousseff, Rio de Janeiro Governor Sergio Cabral, Rio Mayor Eduardo Paes and former President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva. However, only 30% of the maximum capacity of the stadium has been released, and the game was seen by just over 25,000 people. The Maracana will re-open at full capacity to the public
only in the friendly against England. Until then, the stadium should receive at least two test events, depending on the negotiations between the state government of Rio de Janeiro, the local football federation and the main clubs of Rio.
Polemics
It was not a party for everyone at the reopening of the Maracana. Outside the stadium, some workers tried to illegally sell the tickets they had received from the state government for R$ 100 (around £30). Five arrests were made. There were also fines for dozens of vehicles parked in prohibited spaces and authorities seized food and beverages that were being sold by unauthorized hawkers. These punitive actions follow the guidelines of FIFA, which requires the Brazilian federal government to grant “areas of restraint of trade.” During the World Cup, it will be prohibited for informal trading to take place close to the arenas, training centres and hotels chosen by the national teams. Outside the stadium, hundreds of demonstrators also protested against the controversial privatization project of the stadium. Although demonstrations had begun peacefully, the act ended in a clash between demonstrators and police, who dispersed the crowds by shooting rubber bullets, pepper spray and tear gas. This was just another chapter in the tumultuous reform process of the Journalist Mario Filho stadium, which began in 2010. The first controversy came to light in August of that year when federal prosecutors tried to stop the demolition of the original marquee stadium, due to the Maracana being protected by Brazilian historical heritage. Engineers of the construction
consortium claimed that the old structure was compromised by progressive corrosion and maintenance could jeopardize the safety of spectators. Months later, the marquee was demolished, but this demolition increased rebuilding costs from R$ 705 million to R$ 931 million (around £235 million to £310 million). Another major controversy erupted last year, when the state government of Rio de Janeiro, which paid for most of the reform (the rest of the budget was provided by the National Development Bank, BNDES), announced that it would sell the Maracana to the private sector. Demonstrators protested against the initiative and state prosecutors tried to suspend the bidding process, on the grounds that the award could hurt public property. Under the terms of the bid, the state government will receive a minimum annual rent of around £1.5 million for 33 of the 35 years of the concession. Thanks to a victory in the courts, the process continued. Two consortiums are vying for the administrative management of the Maracana for 35 years, and the winner should be known later this month. A feasibility study conducted on the new Maracana, for that period, estimates profits of up to £500 million for the owner, who will be entitled to the economic exploitation of the stadium and also the Maracanazinho gym. Furthermore, it will be authorized to demolish public facilities around the stadium, such as the athletics stadium Celio de Barros and Julio Delamare Aquatic Park, as well as a public school and a prison. The old Indian Museum, which ran in place from 1910 until 1978, will be restored. Occupied by indigenous groups for six years until recently, the mansion,
called Aldeia Maracanã by its residents, was vacated after clashes between police and protesters.
Redesigned
Inside, the new Maracana resembles little the stadium built for the World Cup in 1950. The old roof structure has been replaced by a new cover made of tensioned membrane that covers almost 100% of the new stadium seats. The steepening of the stands, which had unified the upper and lower seating areas, ensures better visibility for the fans. The old and once popular standing area, where fans used to pay less to watch games on foot, has been removed (in actual fact, this section has been mischaracterized in recent years since there were, in actual fact, chairs on the floor). However, the capacity of the stadium, which for over 60 years has held up to 100 000 fans in its most glorious moments, has been reduced to 78,639 spectators.
Delays
One month before the start of the Confederations Cup, only the area inside the Maracana is ready. December had been established by FIFA as the month for submission of the six arenas of competition. In the case of Rio’s stadium, the official presentation will take place at the end of this month. There are unfinished works outside the stadium, such as construction of the box office and lighting, as well as works for the paving and drainage. All these works are expected to cost at least R$ 500 million more to the public’s coffers, raising spending for the Maracana to more than R$ 1 billion (around £320 million) – the London Olympic Stadium cost £486 million.
15
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