Yatra Magazine February 2018 | Buddha Air

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Issue # 31 Feb 2018

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CHITWAN Authentic Tharu Culture & Wildlife Safaris (( jif{sf] pd] / df ;d] t sflJos ;'af; 5l/ / x s ] f / fi6«slj .

Chiyapaan

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Tea Lovers ’ Paradise

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Explore the Eight Thousanders of Nepal @buddhaairnepal

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Namaste and welcome on board Buddha Air!

I would like to wish our readers a Happy New Year 2018! Thank you for flying with us in 2017. We flew over 1 million passengers to many destinations in Nepal and also to Varanasi, India as well.

In 2018, we will be adding more ATR aircrafts to our fleet family to serve our passengers.

Bharatpur is the gateway to one of Nepal's famous national park located in Chitwan. Besides its wildlife, Chitwan is also known for its Tharu culture. Read about it on our cover story, "Chitwan: Authentic Tharu Culture & Wildlife Safaris". If you would like to try the cuisines of the Tharus, read about it in "The Taste of the South".

Nepal is well-known for its astonishingly beautiful and tall mountains. There's more to Nepal than just Everest, and you can read about the Himalayan peaks that are over 8,000 meters in "Explore the Eight Thousanders of Nepal." Trekking to Mardi Himal is gaining traction as an easy and short route for domestic and international travelers. Besides the assurance of the magnificent Himalayan backdrop, trekkers will enjoy authentic Gurung culture and well-facilitated lodgings. Read all

In-flight magazine Jawalakhel, Lalitpur, Nepal e-mail: yatra@buddhaair.com

about it "The Mardi Himal Trek." We've also highlighted a unique business concept offered by Chiyapaan. You can read all about it in "Chiyapaan: Tea Lovers' Paradise."

Customer service is of utmost importance to a service industry. Learn how we have been providing exceptional customer service since 1997 by reading “Customer Service in Aviation Industry” and “The Extra Mile.” Read about how Rahul Chaudhary is planning to engage with local communities to open hotels in major tourists’ destinations in "Going Local with Hospitality."

We would love to hear from you as well. If you have a story to share or a photo you want to be published on upcoming issues of Yatra, be sure to send them to yatra@buddhaair.com or post them on our social media platforms.

Thank you for flying with us. We hope you have a pleasant flight.

Birendra B. Basnet Managing Director, Buddha Air

Published by: Buddha Air Pvt. Ltd., Jawalakhel, Lalitpur, Nepal

Editorial Board : lKhagendra Bahadur Basnet lSubarna Kharel lUL Shrestha lRatna Rai lD.K. Karna Copy Editor: lKabita Thapa

1 in 5 youth who belong to marginalized, minority and disabled communities are unemployed

The Social Protection Expenditure out of the total national budget is 11.3%

1 in 4 people live on less than $1 a day

1 out of 5 thirty year old people would die before their 70th birthday from any of cancer, diabetes, lung and heart diseases

40,000 people get Tuberculosis every year

3 women die due to pregnancy related causes for every 1,000 children born in Nepal

Due to malnutrition 4 out of every 10 children are too short 36% of people for their age eat less than the minimum daily 4 out of every requirement of 100 children born die calories needed for a before their 5th birthday healthy life

The Global Hunger Index is a measurement of world hunger. On the Index Nepal’s score of 21.9 is classified as “Serious” due to food security problems.

Poor nutrition is involved in more than half of all child deaths.

2 in 5 children suffer from stunting or chronic malnutrition, which is the cause of 1 in 3 deaths in children under-five

There are only 7 women for every 10 men enrolled in higher education

2 in 3 women have never told anyone about the violence they have experienced

37% of women currently aged 20-24 got married before the age of 18

Only 46 out of 100 married women participate in major decisions in their life

www.un.org.np | www.sdgsinnepal.org

Facebook: SDGsinNepal | Twitter: @SdgsNepal

For more information about the SDGs in Nepal, please follow:

48% of students complete secondary education

1 in 2 youth and adults have technical and vocational skills

97.2% of children are enrolled in primary education

1 in 20 formally educated youth have obtained vocational and skill based education

71% of youth in Nepal can read and write

Data Sources: - Government of Nepal - United Nations

6 out of 10 households have an improved toilet facility that is not shared with other households

3 in 4 households do not have access to sewage facilities

22% of the population has no toilet

More than half the population don’t use a piped water supply 32% of the population practices open defecation

THE SDGS ARE 17 GOALS COVERING ALL ISSUES TO ACHIEVE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT THE FIRST 6 SDGS ADRESS SOCIAL ISSUES

contents

0 6 The Mardi Himal Trek An eco-friendly trek

2 4 Towards

Inner Peace

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26

A day out in Thamel

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Issue February 2018

cover story 34

CHITWAN

Authentic Tharu Culture & Wildlife Safaris Cover Photo: Himalayan Map House

The Taste of the South

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Trekking

The

Mardi Himal Trek

An Eco-friendly Trek l

Surendra Rana

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Nepal has always been a trekkersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; paradise. Every year thousands of tourists from all over the world visit Nepal for its natural beauty, cultural diversity, and spectacular high mountains. Annapurna region alone has dozens of trekking destinations ranging from short to multiday treks of 2-3 weeks duration.

Pokhara is a paradise city known for different adventure activities like sightseeing, boating, mountain biking, zip-line, bungee jumping, ultralight flight, rock climbing and many more.

The valley is gifted with immense beauty surrounded by serene Nepali villages, great Phewa Lake and majestic Himalayan range stretching in the north.

It is a doorway to the worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s best trekking destinations like Annapurna Circuit, Upper Mustang, Dhaulagiri Trek, Khopra Trek, Poon Hill, Annapurna Base Camp and several others. Among these treks, Mardi Himal Trek is gaining popularity among foreign and domestic

trekkers in recent years as a less crowded trail with easy access and an eco-friendly trek that can be completed in 5-7 days depending on the availability of time.

Highlight of the Trek A short and easily accessible trek passing through rural Nepali villages close by Pokhara, which provide stunning close-up views of Annapurna South (7219 m), Himchuli (6441 m), Annapurna I (8091 m), Gangapurna (7455 m), Mt. Fishtail (6998 m), Annapurna II (7937 m) and Mardi Himal (5587 m).

Trekking through the peaceful green lush forest, rhododendron jungle with abundant Himalayan flora and fauna is a beauty of the trek. Often cattle, sheep, and yak are spotted during the trek. Teahouse lodging facilities with delicious Nepali and basic western foods are available throughout the trails. And not to forget; the great Nepali hospitality with friendly smiles always ready to serve.

Close-up stunning view of Machhapuchhre Himal (Mt. Fishtail, 6998m) and Mardi Himal (5587m) from Upper Viewpoint

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Trekking

Forest Camp

Trekker capturing snow-clad mountain

Our journey Although the normal trek starts from Dhampus, Kande or Lumle, we embarked on our short journey from Pokhara directly to Forest Camp via Kalimati.

It was dusk when our jeep diverted from Milan Chowk. It drove along the dirt road, passing through several rice terrace

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Machhapuchhre Mardi Himal Base Camp High Camp

villages following Mardi Khola. As soon as we crossed Lumre Village, the jeep halted at a turning point due to a breakdown of the main axle. With no option left, we got off the jeep and decided to walk.

We carried our bag, torched the light and moved on. Ram Gurung of Pokhara Canyoning told us that it would take an hour and a half walk to reach Kalimati; our overnight stay point.

Within a short hiking distance, we reached Ghalel, a typical Gurung village.

The twinkling lights of the hamlet were seen with a dog barking in the quiet village.

We slowly continued our ascending hike with sips of narepa (locally brewed

alcohol from millet). We reached late at night, at a newly-built Mardi Himal Ecolodge (1870 m). Shiba Prasad Bhandari, a 23-year-old lodge owner was awaiting us.

Feeling tired, we relaxed sitting around the campfire in the basement of the lodge.

Our trek resumed after a light breakfast of roti and milk in the morning.

We passed through a little village in the midst of a community forest. Witnessing Mt. Fishtail along the trail, it was a 2.5 hours uphill climb to reach Forest Camp (2440m).

Trekkers from Dhampus or Kande via Deurali usually arrive here for lunch while some stay overnight too. Forest Camp is

Low Camp Forest Camp

Sidhing

Lwang Pitam Deurali Pothana Australian Camp Phedi Lumle

Kande

to POKHARA

Milanchowk

8

Fresh fish cury from the local river

in the middle of the wilderness forest. The beautiful Ghandruk Village and Poon Hill can be seen westward.

We took a rest for a while and explored until our lunch was ready. After a delicious lunch at Green View Restaurant, we started our steady ascending trek passing through dense forests. The trek was enjoyable with birds chirping and encountering a group of trekkers along the way.

Dusk was approaching by the time we reached Low Camp (2990 m); Mt. Fishtail was turning to an amazing golden with the reflection of the sun setting down the hill slowly.

Kalsee Eco-lodge

Local lodge owner busy preparing tea

Ghale village with Mt. Fishtail in the background

Kalsee co-lodge is located at Kayabari, Tanchowk in the midst of a green forest with the backdrop of the Himalayan range, which includes Annapurna South, Himchuli, etc. The lodge was built on community-owned properties. There are options to stay in comfortable cabins or at openair tented camps. The cabins are built with local wood in Alaskan style said tourism entrepreneur Chitra Gurung, who led the project. It has marvelous spacious rooms with attached bathrooms and composting toilets. The organic foods prepared from the local farm nearby the village are served at the lodge. Ecological conservation is fully maintained and equipped with solar energy for light, water heating and charging purpose. The route from Lumle takes one and a half hour of hiking to reach the ecolodge. It is recommended for nature lovers who like the true eco-lodge experience in the Himalayas.

Follow the trek to Pothana and Deurali for onward journey to Mardi Himal Trek.

Trekkers enjoying breakfast in the morning

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Trekking We stayed at Hotel Laligurans Guesthouse that day. The onward trail in the morning was a gentle ascending trail, deep inside the rhododendron forest. During spring season, the forest is covered with rhododendrons blooming everywhere.

After two hours of uphill trek, we reached First Viewpoint (3268 m), and were surprised to see a close-up view of Annapurna South including dozens of snow-clad mountains of Himchuli, Gangapurna, Mt. Fishtail, Mardi Himal, Annapurna II, etc. Without wasting time, we started capturing pictures of the beautiful landscapes and the snow-clad mountains that stood proudly before us.

We stopped at Badal Camp for breakfast after taking a few steps ahead.

A group of French tourists were having breakfast at Badal Camp. They had returned from High Camp and were heading towards their next destination for the ABC trek.

Just then, a group of Nepali guys were seen trekking down from High Camp. While waiting for breakfast to be prepared, Rajendra Dai, Gupta Dai, Ram, and Pawan climbed up to the hill to erect lungdar; a typical Buddhist flag. Laxman Gurung and his wife, owners of the lodge served roti with honey and chutney as breakfast.

It was a continuous 2.5-hour moderate hike along the ridge. The grassland path leads to a steady ascend with spectacular views of the breathtaking snow-covered mountains with panoramic hills on the other side. The Annapurna Base Camp

T r e k

Aama samuha warmly welcoming guests at Lwang homestay

Lwang Community Homestay Situated in the lap of Mt. Fishtail, Annapurna South and Himchuli, Lwang Community Homestay provides rural accommodation that serves organic Nepali food, curd, milk and local chicken and vegetables. Locally brewed millet alcohol and tea are served too. It is a typical Gurung village, with houses built with stone roof and wall. The major highlights of the homestay are Gurung lifestyles with rich local culture.

Currently, there are 10 houses running

trail was seen far below, along the Mardi Khola.

For centuries, these highlands were pastureland and homeland to yaks, buffaloes, and sheep. A decade ago, only a few camping sites were operated by some

iti n e r a r y

Pokhara–Dhampus or Kande (1 hr Jeep ride) Kande–Australian Camp–Deurali (trek 6-7 hr) Deurali–Forest camp–Low camp (trek 6-7 hr) Low camp–badal camp–High camp (trek 6 hr) High camp–Mardi Basecamp–High camp (trek 5 hr) Highcamp – Lowcamp – Sidhing (trek 5 hr) Sidhing – Ghalel-Lwang village (trek 4 hr) Lwang village – Pokhara (1.5 hr jeep drive)

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homestay facilities in the village. It is a peaceful place, worth experiencing authentic Nepali rural lifestyle. Local cultural programs are hosted by women committee during the night. There is a community-managed tea garden at the height of 1500 m to 2100 m that covers 1200 ropanis of land. Some other places to visit are Buddhist Monastery, Lord Shiva Temple and the ancient fort of King Furlong.

companies in these areas. Gradually, there was an influx in the number of trekkers after the trek officially opened in 2012.

The locals started operating tea houses after seeing tourists’ inflow said Sudip

Gautam, who owned lodges at High Camp and Sidhing. There are half a dozen lodges operating now along the Mardi Himal trail.

The lodges provide breakfast, lunch, and dinner along with accommodation for trekkers.

Nowadays, both domestic and foreign tourists visit the trail in equal numbers throughout the year.

The last overnight stay is at High Camp (3540 m). There are currently two lodges at High Camp that provide good lodging and food facilities. We stayed the night at Hotel Trekkers’ Paradise.

Early the next morning, we started our final trek and were excited to reach Upper Viewpoint as soon as possible. As there are no water sources above High Camp, it is essential to carry water and pack breakfast if possible. Careful footstep is required while hiking along the ridge and grassy trail. At a few places, we had to cross rocky paths too.

Finally, after 3 hours of vigorous trekking, we reached Upper Viewpoint (4200 m), from where we witnessed the breathtaking Annapurna range with other snow-clad mountains. We were thrilled observing tall mountains around us. After exploring Mardi Base Camp, we took the same route back to High Camp for lunch. In the same day, we advanced our descending journey to Low Camp and then trekked down to Sidhing for an overnight stay. It was a long knee cracking descending trail.

The next day, we trekked down to Ghalel to visit Canyoning spot at Khudi Waterfall near Lumre Village.

On our way back, we visited Lwang Homestay, a beautiful Gurung village where the Aama Samuha warmly welcomed us with garland and served delicious organic food with narepa. We encountered a group of young boys from Pokhara at the homestay. In the morning, Rajendra Gurung, a local leader, and social worker accompanied us to visit a community garden while Boney Gurung guided us for village tour and walked around the community-operated canyoning spot.

Pokhara Canyoing For adventure enthusiasts, there is a canyoning spot at Kudi River at Machhapuchhre rural municipality – 8, near Lumre Village.

Hundreds of domestic and foreign tourists have already enjoyed exhilarating canyoning experiences since its establishment, said Ram Gurung, Chairman of Pokhara Canyoning.

Descending through a series of 45 m and 75 m waterfalls through canyon rappelling is physically and mentally challenging, but a refreshing and great experience.

Overnight stay is available at Ghalel Homestay nearby. It provides basic lodge facility with Nepali food and local vegetables. The homestay is located along Mardi Trek at the base of Mt. Fishtail and Mardi Himal.

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himala y a s

N

epal is widely known as the “Himalayan Kingdom” due to the dominance and location of the Himalayas. Among the 14 mountains in the world that are known as “Eight-Thousanders” (as these mountains are 8,000 meters above sea level), 8 of them fall in Nepal. While Nepal is known for its tallest peak in the world, Mount Everest, there are seven other noteworthy peaks to talk about.

Tourism businesses claim that foreigners are hardly aware of the rest of the seven “Eight-Thousanders” of Nepal. The lack of awareness exists because Nepal does not promote other mountains as much as they promote Everest to the world. Mohan Lamsal, Former General Secretary of Trekking Agencies ’ Association of Nepal (TAAN) states, “I have been to more than 30 countries for tourism promotion. What I have noticed is everybody knows about Everest, but they are hardly aware of the other mountains of our country.”

Kanchenjunga The world ’s third tallest, and Nepal ’s second tallest mountain is Kanchenjunga. Situated at a height of 8,586 meters, this glorious peak is located at Taplejung District. The first ascent was by British mountaineers G. Brand and J. Brown on 25 May 1955.

How to reach Kanchenjunga Base Camp?

Explore the Eight Thousanders of Nepal There is more to Nepal than Mt. Everest

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Everest Earth ’s highest mountain, Everest needs no introduction. In Nepali, Everest is called “Sagarmatha” and is situated in the Mahalangur Himal sub-range.

There are two main climbing routes; one approaching the summit from the southeast in Nepal (known as the “standard route”) and the other from the north in Tibet. Tenzing Norgay and Edmund Hillary made the first official ascent of Everest in 1953.

How to Reach Everest Base Camp Take a 40 minutes flight to Lukla from Kathmandu.

Then trek for 4 hours to Phakding. On the second day, you ’ll trek from Phakding to Namche Bazaar which takes around six hours. Take a rest at Namche Bazaar. On the fourth day, trek to Tengboche. While at Tengboche, do not miss the famous Gumba / monastery of Sagarmatha region. The journey to this monastery takes around 6 hours walk. On the fifth day, head towards Dingboche which takes another 6 hours. The next day you will have to take the route to Dungla. On the eighth day, trek to Lobuche which takes around 4 hours. Even after 9 days of trekking, you still have more trekking to do. Get ready for a 6 hours long trek to Gorakshep. This is the last place that provides accommodation before trekking towards Everest. Finally, on the tenth day, you ’ll be heading towards Everest Base Camp, which is only 3 hours away from Gorakshep. You will need to bring a tent to stay at Base Camp, and it might be difficult to get space as it is a popular base camp. Another suggestion is to trek towards Kala Patthar – which is the best place to get the best view of Everest.

Fly from Kathmandu to Bhadrapur and overnight at Bhadrapur. On the second day, head towards Taplejung (2400 meters). Traveling on the road from Bhadrapur to Taplejung takes around 8 hours and accommodation facilities are easily found. On the next day, you ’ll be heading towards Cheruwa and on the fourth day, head towards Sekathum. Rest well at Sekathum, and prepare for a 7 hours journey towards Gyabla. On the sixth day, travel towards Ghunsa (4,015 meters). There are chances of altitude sickness, so it ’s best to rest at Ghunsa on your seventh day too. After resting, head towards Khambochen which takes around 5 hours. On the ninth day, you ’ll travel to Lhonak (4792 meters).

Finally, on the tenth day, you ’ll reach Kanchenjunga Base Camp.

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himala y a s Lhotse

following days, trek towards Dobate, and from Dobate to Yangri Kharka, which takes up to 6 hours. On the eleventh day, you ’ll reach Langmale Kharka. From here, a 7 hours trek will take you to Makalu Base Camp (4870 meters).

Cho Oyu

Lhotse is the world ’s fourth highest mountain.

Standing tall at 8516 meters, Lhotse is located at Solukhumbu District. The mountain was first climbed by a Swiss expedition team in 1956. Everest and Lhotse share the same base camps.

How to reach Lhotse Base Camp? Since it shares the same base camp as Everest, follow the same directions. Then once at Kala Patthar, you ’ll get the best views of a chain of mountains including Everest and Lhotse.

Makalu

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How to reach Annapurna Base Camp? Start by taking a flight from Kathmandu to Pokhara followed by a 6 hours road travel to Ghandruk. On the second day, prepare for a six hours walk to Chhomrong.

Take a rest here and head towards Bamboo. On the fourth day, trek for five hours to Deurali (3230 meters).

After a 6 hours walk from Deurali, head towards Annapurna Base Camp (4130 meters).

The most convenient aspect of this trip is travelers can find food and accommodation services easily on each of the stop points on their way.

Manaslu

Cho Oyu is the sixth highest mountain in the world.

At a height of 8188 meters, Cho Oyu lies in Solukhumbu District. Its first ascent was by Austrian H. Tichey alongside Nepali Pasang Dawa Lama.

How to reach Cho Oyu Base Camp? You ’ll need to fly to Lukla then start trekking to Phakding. Then from Phakding, trek to Namche Bazaar.

From Namche Bazaar, it is about a 6 hours trek to Dole.

You ’ll have a rest at Dole and continue on the next day to Machhermo, which takes about 4 hours. From Machhermo, you ’ll trek to Gokyo Valley (4790 meters) which takes 4 hours. Trekking around the lakes of Gokyo Valley brings you to Cho Oyu Base Camp.

Dhaulagiri

Makalu is the fifth tallest mountain in the world. Standing tall at 8465 meters, it is located in the Sankhuwasabha District. Owing to a lack of infrastructural development around this district, many don ’t travel to Makalu Base Camp. The mountain was first summited by French men J. Cozy and L. Tori in 1955.

How to reach Makalu Base Camp? You ’ll need to fly from Kathmandu to Tumlingtar.

On the next day, travel by road to Chichira, which takes about 4 hours. Be prepared for a 7 hours trek to Num (1560 meters) and another 7 hours walk to reach Tashigoan the next day. On the sixth day, you ’ll reach Khongma, where you ’ll take a much needed rest. In the

How to reach Dhaulagiri Base Camp? You ’ll need to reach Pokhara first. Travelling by road takes about 5 hours and by air takes you about 25 minutes. Once you reach Pokhara, the next stopover is Beni. On the next day, head towards Babiyachaur. On the third day, prepare for a 6 hours journey to Dharapani.

Rest there for the night, and head towards Muri, which takes about 7 hours. From Muri, you ’ll reach Baghara on your fifth day and head towards Dobang. It will take 5 hours for both. On the seventh day, travel towards Sallaghari and rest there. On the ninth day, head towards Italian Camp and Glacier Camp on the tenth day. Finally, you ’ll reach Dhaulagiri Base Camp (5010 meters) on the eleventh day, after a 5 hours trek.

Standing tall at a height of 8167 meters, Dhaulagiri is the seventh tallest mountain in the world. It is located in the Manang and Mustang District. The mountain ’s successful ascent was done by two Swiss citizens, K. Dimbregar and A. Schelbert in 1960.

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How to reach Manaslu Base Camp? First, you ’ll need to drive from Kathmandu to Soti Khola, which takes around 9 hours. The next day, trek for 6 hours to Machha Khola. On the third day, head towards Jagat and Deng on the fourth day.

A five hours trek from Deng will take you to Namrung. From there, you ’ll need to trek for 4 hours to Sama Gaun (3530 meters). Finally, on the eighth day, you ’ll reach Manaslu Base Camp (4460 meters) after a 5 hours trek.

Annapurna Annapurna is the tenth tallest mountain in the world. It is one of the most prominent Himalayan peaks for mountaineering expeditions. This mountain was the first “Eight-Thousanders” to be climbed by French expedition team M.Herzog and L.Lachenal on 3rd June 1950.

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drinks

Chiyapaan Te a L o v e r s ’ Pa r a d i s e

T

ea is the second most consumed drink in the world, second only to water. This fragrant beverage is believed to have originated in China in 2737 B.C, and has since gained popularity worldwide, with over 2 billion cups of tea consumed every morning.

More than half of global tea consumption comes from Asia, including Nepal.

Tea has become a part of most Nepalis ’ lives. It is what we drink to start our day. Whether you like your tea black, green or with milk, Chiyapaan has a variety of tea that you will enjoy. Opened in October 2 0 1 6 ,

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Chiyapaan has since gained reputation for its excellent service, affordable prices, and of course, its amazing tea.

What sets Chiyapaan apart from most “cafes” is this: it is a tea lounge opened by a group of passionate tea lovers for other tea lovers. It serves 111 different varieties of organic tea. The menu has different offerings based on the types of tea, and each category gives you 11 options to choose from, with prices ranging from Rs.11 to Rs. 1,111.

“Different people from different backgrounds come here. Our customers include a range of working professionals from diplomats, high officials to artists and writers,” says Aswini Koirala, co-founder of Chiyapaan. He further adds, “We generally have customers who are

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drinks

o pi n i o n

Customer Service in Aviation Industry G

not a big fan of coffee and other drinks.”

During the interview, Aswini shared his story on how they came up with tea lounge. When he was abroad, Aswini noticed how coffee cultures and wine cultures were blooming. Tea is ubiquitous in Nepal as it is served in every street corner and consumed at all times, be it day or night. He believed that tea culture has the potential to flourish in Nepal.

In the initial days of research, Aswini found that 91% of tea produced in Nepal is exported through India and 7% is exported directly to the international market. Exported tea from Nepal is further repackaged and is imported back to Nepal at double the price. With a vision to change this scenario, Aswini, along with the other two founding members; Keshab Sharma and Bimal Dhakal founded Chiyapaan. Their main mission is to increase quality tea consumption of Nepal and consequently improve the situations of local tea farmers.

At Chiyapaan, you can drink tea that has an integration of three different styles of tea consumption with their own twist.

Explained by Aswini, “People consume teas in three styles. In the Chinese style they brew tea leaves in boiling water and take it without sugar, for taste and health.

In the European style, they add flavors and take their tea with something to eat.

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Lastly, in the Indian style, they mix spices and flavors to the tea.”

Chiyapaan serves different varieties of tea including Jamara Tea, Hibiscus Tea, Orthodox Tea, Mint Tea and Himali Tea. The founders assert that green, black and orthodox teas are the most popular varieties with their customers. Almost all of Chiyapaan ’s tea varieties come from their organic farm in Jasbire of Ilam and the rest are imported from local farmers.

Chiyapaan ’s future looks promising; with plans to upsurge the number of stores around the city that sell packaged tea leaves. The founders also aim to initiate “Tearista” training to produce tea experts in Nepal.

If you are a tea lover, looking to try new varieties of tea, Chiyapaan is the place to be. With over 111 tea varieties to choose from, coupled with a relaxed ambiance and excellent customer service, drink your next cup of tea at Chiyapaan.

ood customer experiences are of great significance in aviation industry because all airlines depend on their passengers. Airlines are at the risk of losing valuable customers if they are unable to provide a satisfactory service.

Therefore, an airline has to understand customers ’ needs and wants in order to n Rajin Ranjit deliver specific experiences.

Director, MIS Customer service begins the moment a passenger purchases tickets and is continued throughout the passenger ’s journey from baggage checking and handling, boarding the aircraft, in-flight service to disembarking the aircraft. Providing a great experience through each moment of a passenger ’s journey will retain and create loyal passengers.

A simple smile from the flight attendants or gate agents, waiving a standby fee to get on an earlier flight, allowing families to sit together without paying more are some instances were airlines have shown exceptional customer service. Flight attendants are even trained to be like international diplomats, to handle unruly passengers with confidence and poise.

In the past, Ryanair had been criticized about its service.

from an oversold flight confirms a perception that people have for air travel – airlines focus only on profits and neglect their passengers.

The operational and financial constraints of air travel are challenges that require thinking outside of the box to deliver exceptional customer service. Even if airlines are constrained by limitations outside their control like airport security and maintenance, weather, state run infrastructures, etc they can excel in other parts like crew friendliness, clean aircraft bathrooms, providing good seats, etc.

Flying for over two decades, Nepal ’s leading domestic airlines, Buddha Air has been prioritizing customer service with no exception. Our focus is on creating highly experienced, trained and motivated employees to keep our passengers happy.

Feedback and suggestions from social media platforms are quickly responded. Our frequent flyer program, Royal Club provides members with benefits and free tickets. Checking the flight status of the day is only a tap away on our mobile app. In case there is no internet, passenger can easily book a ticket through SMS. Tickets booked through SMS can be purchased from our sales offices or any authorized travel agency. Furthermore, passengers can purchase tickets online on our website or mobile app through

However, real life scenarios show that they provide personalized customer service. For example, Ryanair refunded the ticket of a passenger who had lost her mother-in-law. When the passenger reached out to Ryanair, the airlines replied to her with kind words and refunded her trip. On the other hand, Emirates provides special offers to business and first class passengers and a complimentary chauffer-drive service.

The airline industry is evolving from a commoditized transportation business into a business focused on hospitality and services. The carriers focused on providing a pleasant experience are being rewarded with higher customer satisfaction and loyalty.

Furthermore, studies suggest that passengers decide to fly an airline based on services or experiences the airline provides, rather than price, routes and scheduling. Satisfied customers are likely to be repeat passengers and recommend the airline to others.

The infamous incident of United Airlines that showed a passenger, Dr. David Dao being forcibly and violently removed

different payment gateways. Travel agents no longer have to spend their valuable time depositing funds with online deposits which is very friendly and easy way to accomplish.

All frontline employees are frequently trained on customer service and randomly tested on their performance through surveys, audits, etc. Our prime focus is to make passengers satisfied with our services and retain them forever. Passengers know us as an airline that prioritizes safety. Our state of the art hangar is acknowledged by all and an example of our emphasis on flight safety. Tremendous investments are made on manpower and aircraft spares inventory.

Every airline needs to instill in all its employees the importance of customer service. Successful organizations have defined service standards in absolute terms as it is critical for survival and long term business growth. It is now certain that only those airlines with higher customer satisfaction will stay on top of their competitors.

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h o s pitalit y

Going Local with

Hospitality F

or years, CG Group of industries has been spreading its reach to diverse sectors of Nepal ’s economy. The corporate giant, led by the business tycoon Binod Chaudhary is now heading towards further growth with the next generation of CG ’s leaders moving swiftly ahead. With hotels and resorts under the CG branding spreading across boundaries, Rahul Chaudhary, Managing Director of CG Hotels and Resorts shares his memoirs of growing up in a business family and CG ’s entrance into Nepal and the world ’s hospitality sector.

I was 6 years old when I was sent to Welhams

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Boys School, a boarding school in Dehradun, India.

By the fifth grade, I transferred to Doon School, also in Dehradun. This was the starting point of my life away from my parents and family and growing up outside the country. It was not easy living away from home at such a young age. But it must have been equally difficult for my parents to send me away. In fact, two of my brothers, Nirvan and Varun like me, started boarding school from first grade.

After completing my schooling, I studied at Miami University and from there I went to Cornell University to study hospitality. So far, I have lived

most of my life outside Nepal in USA, Dubai, Singapore and Delhi. In fact, I did not return to Nepal for good until 2015.

As a child, I used to think that I was sent away because my parents did not want me here. But as I grew older, I came to realize that my parents wanted me to gain a global exposure from a very young age.

The seed of business was planted in me from a very early stage in my life.

During summer and winter vacations at school, while other children would be enjoying their vacations, my brothers and I spent a few hours every day in the office with my father. He used to keep us in the boardroom during meetings, and that was our exposure to business.

many shifts in the political leaders.

But we have been able to rise above it all. Today, CG Group has about 90 hotels in 70 different cities spanning across 20 countries around the world. Our hospitality sector continues to grow and we hope to become the largest hospitality players in the market. My aim is to open at least 200 hotels all over the world by 2020. As for Nepal, I dream of opening a

Getting Into the Family Business My first real experience doing business was at the age of 20. I was dealing with a property in New York and I will remember that deal for the rest of my life because that was the worst deal of my life. Everything that could go wrong went wrong and the deal took a year and a half to get closed. To this day, my father recalls that deal as the most expensive learning curve of his life and mine. I do not regret this experience because it helped me learn everything that I needed to know from my mistakes.

It has been 18 years since CG Group stepped into the hospitality sector. It began in 2000, when we opened a joint venture with Taj Hotels, Resorts and Palaces. After that, we began investing in hotels in Maldives and Sri Lanka.

Those years were a dark time for those countries but despite that, my father saw the opportunity to invest in the hospitality sector. It was a risk to take but as he told me, “Where there is war, there is an opportunity.” Coincidentally, our business has always been established in countries that have gone through turmoil.

Even in Nepal, until recently, there were many political issues that had hampered the economy of the country such as the Maoist insurgency, energy crises and

What is your favorite destination in Nepal?

It might sound funny but I haven ’t been to most places of Nepal except for the top tourist destinations. So I can ’t decide on my favorite destination yet.

Although I hope that CG Foundation ’s project in Dolpo will give me a chance to trek to the region. I ’m looking forward to that!

Do you have a favorite dish you cannot live without?

I ’m a very homely guy so I love DalBhat! Even when I ’m travelling abroad I try to find Nepali restaurants to eat in.

If I cannot find Nepali restaurants then I choose to eat at Indian restaurants that have the most similar cuisine to Nepali food.

What is the one moment in your life that you will always remember?

It has to be the first business deal that I made in New York which I ’ve mentioned earlier. That experience will definitely stay with me for the rest of my life.

Vis-à-vis with Rahul Chaudhary

hotel in every major tourist destination in the country. We already have hotels in Kathmandu. Our most recent addition to this sector is the Meghauli Serai run by Taj Hotels in Chitwan. We are soon setting up hotels in Lumbini and Pokhara.

I really appreciate Buddha Air ’s new route from Bharatpur to Pokhara. It will prove to be very beneficial to the guests of Meghauli Serai and tourists travelling from Pokhara to Chitwan and vice versa.

This is a very instrumental step for tourism taken by Mr. Birendra Bahadur Basnet.

But it is not just about the big hotels.

At CG, we like to work with the community and to develop the skills of the local people. We are planning to open seven lodges in Dolpo through CG foundation, an initiative for social entrepreneurship.

While these lodges are built, training will be provided to the local people, to develop skilled individuals to run these lodges.

The best thing is that these hotels and lodges will have the ownership of the local community, thus helping to us to keep in touch with the project in Dolpo.

Despite having lived most of my life outside of Nepal, I am happy to be back.

No matter where I have been to, I believe I am a hardcore Nepali by heart. With my global exposure, I had the choice to base my workplace in any country but I chose Nepal. I want to set an example to others about what Nepal has to offer. I get called to speak in international forums and I always find myself talking about the myriad of opportunities you can find in Nepal.

I used to agree with the thousands of youth that leave the country every year, thinking that they are leaving because the country has nothing to offer them. But now I realize that we are the ones who have to show them the treasures that lie within the country. Other businesses around the world have also begun to realize that. Nepal is where the crown jewel is and all the sectors must work together to polish and value it.

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FOO D

The Taste of the South T

he southern foothills and inner Terai of Nepal from Mechi to Mahakali are inhabited by the indigenous community of Tharu. This ethnic group has been living in forests for many years practicing farming and fishing. Their cuisine is diverse with several different subgroups distinguished by geographical boundaries, cultural features and languages.

One of the main components of their food is rice, mostly prepared from a type of sticky rice called Anadi Chamal. One of the items includes Dhikri, made from the rice flour dough molded into either elongated shapes or various forms of birds, fish and animals.

It is steamed and then eaten with chutney or curry. Similarly, Bagiya is a special kind of Dhikri from Eastern Nepal with flattened shape and pointed ends, sometimes with fillings of boiled potatoes, spices and lentils. Dhikri is usually prepared during major festivals like Maghe Sankranti, Dashain and Tihar.

Fish and crabs are also important staples of Tharu delicacies. Since most of the settlements are near rivers, fishing is one of the main livelihood activities of the community. Freshwater shrimps, crabs

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and smaller fishes are eaten throughout the year. Sidhara is prepared from taro stem, turmeric and dried fishes, with pungent smell and bitter taste. Ghonghi is a special gravy dish of water snail served during gatherings and get-togethers. The dish is prepared by boiling the snails like other meat dishes, with the stuffing of rice flour. Ground linseed is added as it gives

consistency to the gravy and enhances the taste. It is usually served with rice.

Ghonghis are prepared towards the end of monsoon.

Another non-vegetarian item in the Tharu diet is Pakuwa, a barbecued pork delicacy offered to deities during the religious ceremonies and festivals. On the other hand, mice is also eaten as special delicacy, eaten either grilled or as curry with gravy. The mice eaten are usually captured in the fields by farmers.

Tharu people like most of the ethnic groups of Nepal are also known for their liquor. Alcoholic beverages are prepared from fermented rice, known locally as Anadik Jhor/ Jhar. The beverage is usually prepared at home.

Like its tradition and culture, Tharu cuisine is also dependent on the nature and environment the community lives in. Tharu people have lived in nature, coexisting for centuries and their food has also evolved and adapted accordingly. Their dietary items are derived from nature and what is available locally for the community.

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YOG A

Towards Inner Peace N

epal is slowly getting popular as a destination for meditation and yoga retreats.

As a country where Buddhism and Hinduism have coexisted in harmony for centuries, it is only natural for meditation and yoga to develop with time.

Nepal has always been famous for being the choice of various Hindu and Buddhist gurus and yogis like Nagarjung and Yogi Narharinath. Today, many foreigners visit various Buddhist Gompas, monasteries and meditation centers to learn the meditation.

Following are few famous centers around Kathmandu.

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Nepal Vipassana Center Vipassana Meditation is one of the popular practices of meditation in and out of Nepal. Founded in April of 1981, the Dhamma Shringa Center, also known as Nepal Meditation Center is located in Budhanilkantha, towards the northern area of Kathmandu. Another center run by the same group is Dhamma Kitti, Kirtipur Vipassana Center in Kirtipur. Both the centers provide various courses lasting from one day to ten day courses.

Contact: City office at Jyoti Bhawan in Kantipath +977-01-4250581

Kopan Monastery Kopan Monastery was started

by Lama Yeshe and Lama Zopa Rinpoche as a place for study and meditation for their Sangha as well as foreign students. The monastery provides courses ranging from introductory meditation practice to one month intensive courses based on the teaching of Shakyamuni Buddha.

It also provides private and group retreats as well as 90 minute talks on Buddhist meditation and principles daily. The monastery is located in Kopan Hill, towards the north of Kathmandu.

Contact: +977-01-4821268, www.kopanmonastery.com

Osho Tapoban Osho Tapoban is a retreat center for followers of Rajneesh, who is also known as Osho, It also allows people who are interested in meditation. Located in the Nagarjung forests, the commune offers various courses on yoga, meditation, psychotherapies and alternate healing as designed by Osho. Spa facility is also provided here. The center also runs sessions of daily meditation and regular meditation camp.

Contact: tapoban@wlink.com.np, osho.tapoban@gnail.com +977-1-5112012, 5112013

Pranamaya Yoga Pranamaya Yoga Studio is one of the oldest contemporary yoga studios of Kathmandu. With the intention of creating a sanctuary in Kathmandu for the practice of Yoga, Pranamaya has two studios in the valley, one based in Thamel and another in Jhamsikhel and one in Pokhara. The studio offers classes, workshops and yoga retreats.

Contact: info@pranamaya-yoga.com, +977-9802045484, www.pranamaya-yoga.com

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THAMEL

A Day Out in Thamel l Shuvechchhya Pradhan

I

f you ’ve been living under the rocks for the last few months, you may not have realized that Thamel is a vehicle free zone. Yes, you heard it right! The tourist zone of the country has finally been declared vehicle free albeit in its core areas only. This is a perfect time to explore Thamel; where food, music, adventure and some me-time come together. Here ’s how you can spend a whole day in Thamel (almost 18 hours or more).

At 6 am, find yourself surrounded by prayers in Bhagwan Bahal, near GAA hall. The Newar Buddhist monastery housing a manuscript of Pragya Parimita that is handwritten in gold and silver is considered as one of the oldest in town. If you ’re in luck, you can pay for donations (that goes for the sustainability of the monastery) and pay your respects to the manuscripts. Take in the ambience with the sound of the bells, people greeting each other with “Bhagwan Sharan” that translates roughly to “God ’s refuge.”

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THAMEL

The Thamel Fashion

After some spiritual experience, you can move around to have a good breakfast. For a lower than mid-range breakfast, head over to Chikusa in Jyatha. Otherwise New Orleans in Mandala Street is also a good choice. If you aren ’t feeling lazy then you can walk all the way to Chhettrapati to grab a bite at French Bakery.

At 10: 30 am, walk back towards GAA Hall, whose neighbor is Asterisk Climbing Wall. GAA Hall is home to a sports arena where you can try your hands on archery if there ’s no futsal match taking place.

Asterisk Climbing Wall is usually open to everyone and you can sweat yourself out for a while. They give you five tries but don ’t worry; it will probably take you three hours and lots of motivation to actually finish the five tries. Asterisk also has a cafeteria where you can have some tea/ coffee or just plain water to energize yourself. When you ’re done, try Fusion Kitchen Restaurant in the other lane of Jyatha. They have good lunch menus, from sushi to grilled chicken to spaghetti. If you want Tibetan then, Utse which claims to be the first restaurant in Thamel, offers delicious Tibetan Momos and Syafales. You can also try Kizuna, a Japanese Restaurant in Thamel Square in Chaksibari Road. The seating arrangement makes you feel like you are the part of community even when you are eating alone.

At 3 pm, head towards Garden of Dreams; considered an oasis from chaotic Thamel. Before reaching there, browse through some books at any bookshops you pass by (Pilgrims in Chaksibari Road and United Books in Jyatha are most recommended). Inside the garden, you can bask in the sun, sit on the grass or get yourself a bench. Read

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Besides being the destination for food, music and travel gears, Thamel has also gained a reputation for the clothes and apparels.

One doesn ’t exactly know when this style of clothing came into existence. Usually known as “The Thamel Style”, this clothing style and business has been thriving in Thamel According to Raju Bhetuwal, proprietor for 18 years at Le Petit Prince Traders, the garments are usually exported. “Our clients usually come up with most of the design.

We also try few of our own. If they like the designs, they will order them again. If not, then we know that it didn ’t work,” Raju adds.

On the other hand, Pramila Sedhain of Sai Neat Fashion shared that most of the designs are products of their designers ’ traveling with the clients in European countries as well as samples being brought to the store. “By now, we also know what kind of style our clients prefer,” she said.

It seems that most of the style is inspired by the Hippie culture that was imported to the country in the ‘70s. When the hippie trend transferred from Jhhochhen, aka, Freak Street to Thamel, so did the style and fashion.

The fabrics used are usually cotton, woven in Lubhu and Biratnagar, while few fabrics come from India. Besides cotton, woolen wears are also popular. “Foreigners prefer Khaddi, the hand woven cotton from Nepal because they

a book or observe people around or follow around the squirrels. It is guaranteed that you will not realize the time passing by. You can get up when it starts getting dark and grab a quick bite or early dinner at KC ’s or OR2K in Mandala Street. Don ’t forget to get some cakes at the same place or Pumpernickel if it ’s still opened. Pumpernickel usually

closes at 7pm.

At 8 pm or 9 pm, go bar hopping. Start from Sam ’s Bar which has open terrace and amazing background music that seem to play exactly what you need to hear except on Saturdays (they play reggae on Saturdays). From there, you can go towards Shisha, where live music happens

are comfortable to wear,” Raju shared. On the other hand, when it comes to color, Pramila shared that coffee, navy blue, turquoise blue, army green, and maroon are the colors that sell.

Most of the clothes are made in factories based in areas near Thamel. Most of the stores that sell have their own factories are also makers, wholesalers and retailers.

There are few shops who only sell and there are few that are factories only. But most of the businesses have both factories and outlets.

every weekend. There are other bars that offer live music too like Purple Haze, Paddy Foley ’s Pub, House of Music, Tom & Jerry Pub among others. If you ’re into clubbing then Club OMG opens its gate at 11pm.

If not, you can end your almost 18 hours of feel-good adventure and go home for a good night ’s sleep.

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BUDDHA AIR

F

The Extra Mile

lying is an act of trust. It requires immense faith in science and the trust in the pilots to fly the hulk of metal from one place to another. It is only natural that passengers would feel helpless inside an aircraft, even before getting into one. The passengers look to the people in-charge, whether it ’d be from the ground staff or cabin crew for updated information and service that prioritizes their safety and comfort. Buddha Air, Nepal ’s leading airlines has excellent customer service that works towards a safe, comfortable and memorable flying experience for all its passengers.

Air travel can come with some hiccups like security checking, weather delays and the waiting that comes with it. These glitches are more often than not, simply outside the influence of the best of airlines.

Buddha Air however, knows how to provide maximum satisfaction to their passengers, with an attitude of service and care.

Training to care The employees of Buddha Air go through an initial year of internal and

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external training to prepare themselves to address the various needs of the passengers. They also go through periodic refreshers, both to revise their prior knowledge and to update themselves on the new developments. This works towards the state-of-the-art customer service.

Passengers are at the center of Buddha Air ’s work and communication is at the center of Buddha Air ’s customer service.

Understanding the psychology of its passengers drives communication forward.

The passengers are listened to respectfully, carefully and in an unbiased manner, while adhering to the standards set. The issues and problems that come up are dealt with speed and precision. Whether flights are operated under normal circumstances or during an emergency, Buddha Air ’s cabin crew are trained to be calm and helpful.

Their goal is to ensure that passengers onboard feel safe and comfortable at all times.

Buddha Air ’s customer service starts well before a passenger boards an aircraft.

Waiting at airports is an inevitable part of air travel. To ease this waiting, Buddha

Air provides snacks at their airport counters. Passengers are also provided internet access so they are entertained.

Buddha Air prioritizes communicating flight details to passengers, which includes information regarding long weather delays or flight cancellations.

An informed passenger prepared to wait is always better than an ill-informed, disgruntled passenger who has no idea when things will move.

An Airline for All Buddha Air strives to be the airlines for people of all needs. The effort begins at check-in counters at the airports, where passengers meet the employees.

The employees assist passengers as per their need. In cases of passengers with special needs, whether they are visually impaired, the elderly or physically disabled, they are prioritized, checked in and escorted with special attention into departure, without the need to stay in long queues. A couple of employees are dedicated for this very purpose. A separate, disability friendly vehicle is used to transport people with disability within the airport. A wheelchair is available at all times and can be used upon request at the check-in counters.

The employees are trained to provide care and support with respect to everyone. The cabin crew members are trained to administer first aid in cases of emergency.

Buddha Air also provides stretchers

for those in need of it. With at least a day ’s notice, 6 seats are booked for the passenger on the stretcher. The guardians traveling with the patient must book separate seats. In-house engineers accommodate 6 seats and create an area for the stretcher to be attached comfortably in the aircraft.

The area is cordoned off from the rest of the aircraft for privacy and safety.

The engineers travel with the aircraft whenever a stretcher is attached to it.The passenger can travel as long as they have a recommendation from a doctor that deems them fit to fly. An in-flight oxygen tank is also kept on stand-by and can be used with prior notification.

Traveling With Kids Children can be difficult and unpredictable. They need special attention, especially so when traveling.

The ground staff and cabin crew are trained to assist guardians with children and pregnant women with equanimity and respect. Infants under the age of 2 years can travel with their traveling companion at only 10% of the fare. With

Buddha Air ’s customer service starts well before a passenger boards an aircraft

verifiable documents, tickets for infants can be made at the airport counter without prior bookings.Children from 2 to 12 years of age enjoy the child fare with a discount of 33%. They can even travel alone as unaccompanied minors, in which case, they will be escorted by the ground staff and flight attendants safely and handed over to the guardian with relevant identification.

Feedback Buddha Air continuously strives to make their passengers ’ travel experience better. Who better to tell them how to than the passengers themselves?

Whether it is through personal interactions or through emails, Buddha Air values the feedback that travels back to them. Daily meetings and other periodic meetings are held between the employees to review the interactions and complaints. The meetings are centered on ways to provide better service to the customers. Buddha Air even has a dedicated email address, care@buddhaair.com to welcome direct feedback from passengers.

Whether you ’re a loyal passenger who has flown many times or someone who has yet to fly, Buddha Air keeps its passengers first. While each flight experience will be different in terms of destinations, weather, passengers, pilots and flight attendants; Buddha Air strives to consistently provide standard and dependable services.

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B OOK Giving a fresh look at the story, Auggie & Me compels readers to look at story from three different angles and understand that things aren ’t always as they seem.

Bestsellers of 2017 2017

was a good year for book lovers. The bestsellers ranged from popular authors making a comeback (Dan Brown ’s Origins) to famous autobiographies of celebrities that we ’ve been dying to read (Madan Krishna Shrestha ’s MaHa ko Ma). 2017 saw a number of good reads for all ages. Here, we ’ve listed the bestsellers of 2017 in both English and Nepali. Which of these books are on your reading list?

Origins by Dan Brown Everyone ’s favorite symbologist, Robert Langdon is back. Dan Brown ’s fifth installment of the mystery-thriller books including the bestselling novel, the Da Vinci Code sees the protagonist, Langdon back in action when Edmond Kirsch, who was one of Langdon ’s students is about to reveal an astonishing breakthrough that questions human existence as we know it. But Kirsch is killed in the midst of a presentation which drives Langdon on a quest to save Kirsch ’s discovery from being lost forever. Packed with symbols and history, Dan Brown ’s Origin is certain to inspire anyone to take a trip to Spain, Barcelona and all the places mentioned in the book.

How to Be a Bawse: A Guide to Conquering Life by Lilly Singh Lilly Singh, aka IISuperwomanII is not just a YouTube celebrity. She is a rapper, a motivational speaker, and an advocate of #girllove. That is why her book, “How to be a Bawse” is more than a self-help book.

It is a guide to making the best of one ’s

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life. Lilly Singh does not give shortcuts in her book; it is about working hard and working smart. An interactive explosion of fifty rules including pictures and personal stories of Lilly, this book is certain to become anyone ’s favorite, whether they have been following the YouTube star through her journey or have just recently come across the book.

Turtles All The Way Down by John Green The bestselling author of emotional and heart wrenching young-adult novels, John Green reveals his fifth solo novel about a sixteen-year-old girl named Aza who suffers from Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. Aza and her best friend Daisy, go in search of a missing fugitive billionaire to receive the reward of $100,000. The book talks about how the disease affects Aza ’s relationships with those close to her while in search of the billionaire. Green, who himself suffered from OCD has been praised for his attention to detail regarding the disease in this book.

Leonardo da Vinci by Walter Isaacson Written by the same author who wrote autobiographies of Steve Jobs, Einstein and Benjamin Franklin, comes another compelling autobiography of the Renaissance man, Leonardo da Vinci.

Walter Isaacson narrates the story of the artist and describes his traits, habits and skills that turned him into one of the most iconic men in history. Discover new facts of Leonardo da Vinci ’s life that were previously unknown until very recently.

Walter Isaacson connects Leonardo ’s art to his science. Read about a passionate man who inspires the readers to think differently and strive in one ’s passion.

Auggie & Me: Three Wonder Stories by R.J. Palacio After the success of Wonder, a story about a boy, August Pullman who was born with a facial deformity, Auggie & Me captures the story from three different points of view. The stories are told from the perspective of Julian, the bully; Christopher, Auggie ’s oldest friend and Charlotte, Auggie ’s new friend at school.

Artemis by Andy Weir Artemis follows the success of The Martian. A sci-fi novel by Weir that revolves around the story of Jazz, a young woman living on her own, surviving on odd jobs and minimum wage as a porter.

Everything seems ordinary, except for the fact that she lives on Artemis, the first and only city on the moon. With a great division between the rich residents and the poor populous, the novel follows the story of Jazz as she ends up in a sabotaging plan that might destroy the city. Will Jazz be able to save the city and its people from possible doom?

The Midnight Line by Lee Child The 22nd book in the Jack Reacher series, the plot finds Reacher once again in the Midwest, in an investigation involving the trade of opioid. While taking a stroll around a small Midwestern town, Reacher spots a ring displayed in a pawn shop, a ring that a woman had gifted to herself as a graduation present. As Reacher tracks the ring back to its owner, he ends up in Wyoming. But as expected, things aren ’t what they seem to be.

Everything, Everything by Nicola Yoon The debut novel of Yoon, this young adult novel is about love, taking risks and family. Maddy Whittier is an 18-yearold girl who has never stepped outside her house. She suffers from severe combined immunodeficiency that limits her from interacting with anything that is not sanitized. The only people in her life are her mother and her nurse, Carla.

But everything changes when Olly and his family move in next door. The two begin secretly texting each other and fall in love, thus changing how Maddy sees the world.

Nepali Bestsellers Dhritarashtra by Ghanashyam Kandel Winner of the Madan Puraskar for the year 2074, Dhritarashtra is a book about Mahabharat told from the viewpoint of Dhritrashtra, the blind king. The book focuses on how the king perceived the Mahabharat war, and introduces the readers to a new take on the epic story. Written by author Ghanashyam Kandel, this book is bound to give readers a fresh look on the characters and their roles in the Great War between the Pandav and the Kaurav.

MaHa ko Ma by Krishna Shrestha The much awaited biography of one half of the famous duo; MaHa Jodi, Madan Krishna Shrestha has finally come out with his autobiography, MaHa ko Ma. After the success of Hari Bansha Acharya ’s Cheeno Harayeko Manchey, Shrestha was encouraged to write his own biography and thus, the book narrates the chronicles of Shrestha ’s life, from his childhood to performing as part of the MaHa duo. For anyone who has fond memories of watching his performances on stage and on television, MaHa ko Ma is bound to be a great collection.

Rajgaj by Hari Bahadur Thapa Rajgaj by Hari Bahadur Thapa, is a book dealing with the issue of corruption within political parties, the palace, court and even inside the Commission for Investigation of Abuse of Authority. It talks about the country ’s tendency to overlook corruption related issues among the political parties and the role of increasing investment in sectors like education, health, banking and infrastructure development in fostering corruption.

Kalli by Hari Maya Bhetwal After having dozens of poems and short stories published by Hari Maya Bhetwal, Kalli is her first novel. The book talks about the still ongoing gender discrimination in the Nepali society. Kalli is the story of women living in poverty, middle class and the rich society, and it is about the gender discrimination that these women face in the said levels of society.

It talks about issues such as discrimination against the sons and daughters in a family, the societal pressure to give birth to a son and other real-life problems that have inspired the penning of this book.

Kathputala by Archana Thapa Kathputala is a spin on the actual word, “Kathputali”, which although means a puppet, is usually signified as a word that denotes the female gender. Archana Thapa comes with her new book, Kathputala to speak out about the gender imbalance. It not only talks about empowering women but also talks about breaking social stereotypes that revolve around both sexes, such as the notion that it is not considered masculine for men to cry. Kathputala sheds a light on the issues of gender while considering both sides of the coin.

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C OV E R S T ORY

Located at the heart of Nepal is a jungle that is known best for its diverse wildlife, safaris and the culture of the local Tharu tribe

CHITWAN

Authentic Tharu Culture & Wildlife Safaris

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C OV E R S T ORY Chitwan National Park Facts Area: 932 sq km Date of Establishment: 1973 AD Total number of wildlife spotted: 68 species of mammals, 543 species of birds, 56 reptiles and amphibians and 126 species of fish Common wildlife sightings: Asian one horned rhino, hog deer, spotted deer, mugger crocodile, wild boars, jungle cats, rhesus monkey, peacock, open billed stork, ruddy shelduck.

Large mammals such as the Bengal tiger and leopard are more difficult to locate since these animals are nocturnal by nature.

Best time to visit: October to February

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T

hink of wildlife in Nepal and the first place that comes into mind is Chitwan National Park. Indeed, out of more than 20 protected natural areas of Nepal, Chitwan National Park is the most popular destination as it is one of the easily accessible regions.

It also happens to be the first national park established in Nepal.

Covering four districts of Nepal, Parsa, Nawalparasi, Makwanpur and majority of Chitwan, this national park spans over 932 square km and is inhabited by over 700 species of wildlife including mammals, birds and reptiles.

If you’re planning to get to Chitwan by air, a 20 minute flight from Tribhuvan International Airport will land you in Bharatpur, the district headquarter of Chitwan. A city that falls among the four metropolitan cities in Nepal; Bharatpur is the gateway to many areas of Chitwan National Park where you can discover the unique wildlife and vegetation of Nepal’s terai region. The city is bordered by two major rivers Narayani and Rapti that play a vital role in the ecosystem of the national park. Take a trip to Bharatpur as the city unfolds countless attractions, from elephant breeding centers, jungle safaris and lodging in the jungle to vulture restaurants and discovering the Tharu culture. Bharatpur is definitely where the wild things are.

We present you with a four-day itinerary to help you get the most of your trip to Bharatpur and Chitwan National Park.

Photo Courtesy: Rhino Land, Chitwan

Day 1: Bharatpur - Amaltari A 20 minute flight onboard Buddha Air will land you in Bharatpur Airport.

Make sure to catch the morning flight to make most of the day. A short flight means more time to enjoy the spectacular activities in the destination.

While flying, if you’re lucky to get a seat in the right side of the plane, enjoy the vast Himalayan range from the window.

It spans as far as the eye can see. You can also look down to enjoy the changing landscapes. From Kathmandu Valley’s plains to green hills and then the plains of terai, the entire flight is a thrilling way to enjoy the diverse geography of the country. When the aircraft makes its descend, you actually fly over the national park, with just enough time to admire the vastness of the forest.

Once you land in Bharatpur airport, head over to Amaltari, an hour drive about 49 km from the airport. Amaltari falls in the western part of the Chitwan National Park. Once you’ve checked into the hotel, head out for a jungle safari.

Jungle safaris are provided by the hotel itself so make sure to book a jungle safari when booking your room at a hotel. A walk through the jungle with all its sights and sounds is certain to bring out the explorer in you.

Make sure to keep your senses aware for any movements or sounds of animal and bird calls. A binoculars and a camera

with a good lens are good gadgets to carry with you while on the move. During the safari, look out for some common animal sightings such as the Indian hog deer, spotted deer, wild boar, rhinoceros and birds such as the peacock, storks and ruddy shelduck.

After an exciting time in the jungle, you can either choose to return to the hotel or stay by the banks of the Narayani River to enjoy a beautiful sunset over the jungle. This scenic view is best seen from the river bed. Relax as you unwind for the day, and then retire to the hotel.

Day 2: Amaltari – Paithani Wake up early and prepare for a day

of adventure. After a hearty breakfast at the hotel, head over to Jatayu Vulture Restaurant in Pithauli, located about 17 km from Amaltari. Don’t be deceived by the center’s name. This isn’t a place where they serve vultures! On the contrary, it is a feeding ground for the white-rumped vultures, an endangered species in the Chitwan National Park. The vulture restaurant has been established to help conserve the population of this endangered species.

Enjoy your time at the Jatayu restaurant as you learn about the conservation measures taken to help preserve the wildlife of the national park.

You’ll be in awe at the power of nature!

These vultures are said to be able to turn the corpse of an adult cow into bones in just 20 minutes! A trip to Jatayu Vulture Restaurant will definitely bring awareness about the need for conservation of the eco-system. After a thrilling experience at Pithauli, head east to Kasara in Paithani.

The route is about a two hours drive.

Bharatpur lies halfway along the route then you turn south and drive for one hour to the destination.

Paithani has recently made a mark in the map as a must-stop itinerary when visiting Chitwan National Park.

Located in the banks of Rapti River,

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C OV E R S T ORY along the border of Chitwan National Park, Paithani is peaceful and boasts some of the best sunsets in the region.

Once you reach here, check into your hotel and stop for lunch then head out for an elephant safari. Most lodges and resorts provide elephant safaris upon arrival or you can also book a safari while booking for a resort. Moving towards the elephant safari will take a 10-minute jeep ride across the villages of Paithani.

This is a great chance to observe the village life as well as the nearby banana cultivations. Towards the north, you can view the mountains of the Manaslu range on a clear day. Once you reach to the safari point, ride the elephant and head towards the jungle. Again, keep an eye out for sights and sounds and make sure to carry binoculars with you.

"Amaltari is a hidden gem in Nepal’s wildlife adventure scene. It is a hub to explore the well-preserved jungles, undisturbed culture and authentic Tharu villages.

It is only a two-hour drive from Lumbini, making it an easy option for day trips."

Vivek Pyakuryal, CEO, Hotel Nana To get the best of the elephant safari, head out in the late afternoon when the animals move towards the riverbed for

water. Again, you can spot animals such as herds of spotted dear, hog dear and even wild cats, rhesus monkeys as well as wild boars and birds such as open-billed stork and peacocks. Enjoy the tranquil ride on a gentle giant as the sun sets over the horizon and you enjoy the best of Chitwan National Park, from dense jungle and abundant wildlife to breathtaking scenes of the sunset and the Himalayan range in the distance.

After the safari that lasts about three hours, head back to the resort and enjoy its amenities. Most resorts offer a slideshow presentation of the national park and you can get to know the list of

Geeta Danuwar The Female Maute

Very recently, Chitwan National Park has seen the emergence of female mautes. Although they are still very few in number, we had a chance to meet and strike a conversation with a female maute, Geeta Danuwar.

Maute, is the term used for elephant handlers. The mautes have a special bond with their elephants and sometimes spend a lifetime tending and riding a single elephant.

The trust goes both ways as elephants generally do not obey any other human except for their maute.

Geeta Danuwar learned to become a maute by watching her husband tend and ride his elephant. A maute generally takes the responsibility of taking care of the elephant by feeding it, bathing it and taking it for jungle safaris.

One day, Geeta decided that she wanted to walk on the same path as her husband. That was 6 years ago. Today, she rides the elephant

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as efficiently and effortlessly as any other male maute. She does not see any challenges of becoming a female maute. “There is no discrimination and nobody treats me differently.

Becoming a maute just came naturally to me.” she says.

She is among the 5 female mautes currently located in Sauraha, Chitwan. Recently, Geeta participated in the Elephant Football Competition during the Elephant Festival in Sauraha. This was her first time participating in an event and indeed she was quite nervous. However, Geeta and her elephant that was the smallest in the field played efficiently and the spectators cheered her on.

“I also provide jungle safaris and I take care of the elephant by myself. I see myself working as a maute in the future and I hope more women in my community are encouraged to work as mautes as well.” she says with a big smile in her face after completing her first game in the field.

birds and animals that call the national park home. Along with that, you also get a chance to learn more about the history of the national park.

Day 3 – Paithani to Sauraha Day 3 starts with a breakfast at Paithani. After breakfast, take a boat’s ride across the Rapti River that will land you in the banks of Chitwan National Park. Take a guide with you and a short hike about 15 minutes to the Crocodile Breeding Center. This breeding center

This breeding center houses over 1500 gharials as young as a few weeks old to fully matured gharials spanning over 7 feet in length.

houses over 1500 gharials as young as a few weeks old to fully matured gharials spanning over 7 feet in length. The breeding center has been able to protect the endangered species. It also has an area designated to tortoise breeding as well as vulture breeding. However, only the gharial and tortoise breeding centers allow visitors. Since the breeding center lies within the National Park, you can also take a walk or a jeep ride while in the park.

After a visit to the breeding center, it takes an hour long drive to reach Sauraha. Check into the hotel and enjoy a hearty lunch. Enjoy walking the streets

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of Sauraha, where you can see traditional “tangas” (a carriage that is pulled by horses) passing by. You can catch a ride in one of the tangas and explore Sauraha as it is also a great place to buy souvenirs from your trip to Chitwan National Park.

Some of the notable souvenirs include animal figurines carved out of wood or natural honey sold in shops. You can also buy t-shirts and other hand-made merchandise made by local Tharu women.

In the afternoon, enjoy a visit to the Tharu Museum nearby. Depending on the place that you are staying, the Tharu Museum will take about a 5-10 minutes’ drive. The museum holds exhibitions and research done about the Tharu community; natives of the Terai region that are found mostly in the areas of Chitwan National Park.

Some of the highlights of the museum

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This breeding center houses over 1500 gharials as young as a few weeks old to fully matured gharials spanning over 7 feet in length.

include, paintings depicting the daily lifestyle of the Tharu people, sculptures that represent their traditional dress and a gallery of traditional utensils and cooking wares. After gaining some information about the Tharu people of Nepal, head back to the hotel where a Tharu culture show will be waiting for you. The Culture Show consists of traditional Tharu dances, including Danda Nach (stick dance), Mayur Nach (peacock dance) and Aago Nach (fire dance). With new found knowledge about the local Tharu community, you are certain to appreciate the cultural show even more.

Day 4 – Sauraha – Bharatpur The trip to Chitwan National Park comes to an end on the fourth day. Before heading out to Bharatpur to catch your flight, you have just enough time to check out the Elephant Breeding Center at the edge of the National Park. Located about 6 km away from Sauraha, it takes

about 15 minutes to reach the center on a tempo.

The breeding center is located close to the forest so that wild male elephants can visit to conceive the female elephants in the center. It goes without saying that the breeding center only houses the female elephants and their offspring. Most of the elephants leave the center to provide jungle safaris or to gather food during the afternoon. Thus, it is advised to visit the center early in the morning when all the elephants are present in their tents. You will be thrilled at the sight of young, playful elephants that stay close to their mothers. Start a conversation with the local caregivers and they will tell you the tale of Ronaldo, the infamous wild elephant bull that visits the center often. Most of the elephants born in the center happen to be his offspring.

However, the center is lined with electrical wires to discourage Ronaldo from crossing over to the villages and creating havoc. The center and its elephants are well taken care of by the caregivers and it even houses a small exhibition of the center’s history and elephant’s skulls on display.

This concludes your trip of Chitwan National Park. And we hope that when you check out of your hotel in Sauraha and return towards home, you have received a newfound love and admiration for the oldest national park in Nepal, which is full of wildlife and of course the iconic elephants, that are truly the backbone of Chitwan National Park.

To Preserve Animals & Hospitality

l Suman Ghimire, Executive Director, Jungle Safari Lodge

For over 30 years, Jungle Safari Lodge has served guests coming to Chitwan National Park. Suman Ghimire, a hotelier and current president of Regional Hotel Association of Nepal (RHAN) shared about the future of Sauraha and the need for sustainable tourism to help both tourism and nature flourish in Chitwan National Park for years to come.

The Ratnanagar area is currently seeing a need for sustainable tourism. There are over 110 hotels in Chitwan. These hotels range in budget and the services they provide. However, Suman and RHAN are moving towards a direction where the hotels of Chitwan work together to provide similar services and hospitality. Not only this, Suman envisions a day where all safaris and lodges share similar decor of the local Tharu mud houses and Tharu art. “This will not only help to preserve the Tharu culture but will also create something unique to the region, something that will get the tourists talking.” says Suman.

Currently, Suman as the president of RHAN was the organizer for the Elephant Festival in Chitwan in 2017. It included many attractions such as the Elephant Beauty Pageant, Elephant Polo, Elephant Football and Elephant Picnic. These activities were done as a means to bring awareness to the local community and tourists regarding the need for preservation of animals as well as the close relationship that these gentle giants have with the humans.

Sauraha receives an equal number of foreign and national tourists and this has helped to provide employment to a lot of local manpower. With proper sustainable actions and mutual cooperation, Sauraha will be able to welcome even more guests and provide more than just the wildlife experience.

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lyof] . t/ , pgn] lehg dfq NofPgg\, Jojxf/ df nfu' u/ /] } b] vfOlbP . pgn] xf] d: 6 ] cjwf/ 0ff leq\ofPsf] Ps bzskl5 dfq} g] kfn ;/ sf/ n] ko{6g P] g )^% df xf] d: 6 n ] fO{ ;Daf] wg u¥of] . o;/ L x] bf{ ;/ sf/ eGbf cufl8 b] lvP ?b|dfg . ;/ sf/ n ] )^& ;fndf xf] d: 6 ] sfo{ljlw Nofof] . t/ , p;n] ufpF ko{6gsf gfos ?b|dfgnfO{ slxNo} ;Dem] g . sfo{ljlwdf l;?af/ Laf6 g] kfndf xf] d: 6 ] ;'? ePsf] pNn] v ul/ Psf] 5 . t/ , sfo{ljlw agfpg] x¿n] ToxfF SofK6] g;fk\sf] gfpF pNn] v ug{ lsg rfx] gg\ < hg: t/ af6 pgnfO{ ufpF ko{6gsf gfossf] pkfwL lbOof] . t/ , / fHon] pgnfO{ slxNo} ;Dem] g . ca pgL xfdL dfem 5} gg\ . !% kmfu'g @)&@ sf lbg *^ jif{sf] pd] / df pgsf] lgwg eof] . u|fdL0f ko{6gsf] Oltxf;df pgsf] gfpF ;'gf} nf cIf/ n ] n] lvPsf] 5 . ufpFn n ] ] l;?af/ Ldf pgsf] k|ltdf agfPsf 5g\ . ToxfF pgsf] hLjgL emNsfpg] ;+ux| fno cfaZos 5 . pgsf] hLjgsyf :s'n÷sn] hsf kf7\ oqmddf ;dfj] z ug{ ;s] dfq} ufpF ko{6gsf cu'jfk|lt ;fFrf] >4f~hnL x'g 5 ] .

45

xf] d: 6] 8Nnf

l7gL

alb{of / fli6«o lgs'~hsf] dWojtL{ If] qdf kg] { 7fs'/ åf/ fdf ko{6sLo ;'ljwfsf s] xL l/ ;f] 6{ / xf] 6n 5g\ . ToxLF klt{/ 8Nnf ;fd'bflos xf] d: 6] 5, dw'jg gu/ kflnsf–! df -;fljssf] ;"ok{ 6'jf–$ df_ .

hf] d;f] d ahf/ af6 blIf0fkl§ l7gL ufpF -@,*^@ ld6/ _ 5 . 3/ kemf] ª ufpFkflnsf–% d':tfªdf

kg]{ l7gLdf ysfnL ;d'bfosf ;o 3/ 5g\ . l7gLdf d'ns ' s} klxnf] ysfnL ;fd'bflos xf] d: 6 ] v'n s ] f] 5–lj;+ @)&$ j} zfvb] lv . ufpFsf % 3/ df xf] d: 6 ] ;'ljwf 5 .

gfDh]

8Nnfdf yf?sf @@ / s'dfnsf] Pp6f 3/ df xf] d: 6 ] ;'ljwf 5 . ufpFn x] ¿ lzj ;fd'bflos jgdf kfx'gfnfO{ 3'dfpF5g\ . To;afx] s lgs'~hleq xfQL ;kmf/ L ug{ ;lsG5 . ufpFn x] ¿n] )^& kmfu'gaf6 xf] d: 6 ] rnfPsf . lgs'~hdf %) eGbf a9L Jo: s af3 / @( eGbf a9L u}8 + f 5g\ . xf] d: 6 d] f a;] / h+un ;kmf/ L, uf] xL k|hgg, yf? ;+ux| fno / 7fs'/ afaf dlGb/ bz{g ug{ ;lsG5 . ufpFn x¿ ] ;fFem ;fd'bflos ejgdf ;f+: s[lts sfo{qmd b] vfOG5 . To;df em'd/ f, n7\7L, dlh/ f / 5f] s/ f g[To x'G5 . xf] d: 6 d] f yf? kl/ sf/ 3f]u + L, lrFr/ , df5f, nf] sn s'v/' f, d';fsf] ks'jf, dx'jfsf] / S;L cflb kfOG5 . s;/ L k'Ug] M sf7df8f}a + f6–7fs'/ åf/ f a;df !$ 3G6f . k"j–{ klZrd / fhdfu{sf] cDaf;faf6 !# lslddf 7fs'/ åf/ f . 7fs'/ åf/ f–8Nnf % lsld . g] kfnuGh–7fs'/ åf/ f () lsnf] ld6/ . ;Dks{ M k/ z/' fd rf} w/ L–(*$$*@##)* cWoIf, 8Nnf ;fd'bflos xf] d: 6]

efbf yf? hLjgz} nLsf nflu s} nfnLsf] efbf ufpF sxlnPsf] 5 . b+ufnL u'?af euf} tL bf;n] yf?sf] dfq} a: tL a;fn] sf lyP . pgs} gfpF euf} tLsf] … efÚ / bf;sf] … bfÚ af6 ufpFsf] gfd efbf / flvPsf] . !# w'/ Laf6 a: tL a;flnPsf] efbfdf cfh b'O{ ;o 3/ k'lu;s] . efbfdf )^& k';b] lv xf] d: 6 ] ;'? ul/ Psf] . clxn] @) 3/ df xf] d: 6 ] u/ fOG5 . nx¿ -uf] ? uf8f_df a;] / u0f] z ;fd'bflos jg, hf] luGof tfn, a] x8fafaf dlGb/ , / fd] Zj/ dlGb/ , ;xb] jf tfn 3'Dg ;lsG5 . yf¿ hfltsf] vfglkg, hLjgz} nL, ;+: sl[ tn] nf] EofpF5 . ufpFn x] ¿ ;lvof, em'd/ f, d3f} 6f, n7f} xjf,

46

ufpFdf lgnlu/ L lxdfn, lxpFlrt'jf u'kmf, 9'Daf tfn, jf] g u'Daf, s'5a t] / ªf u'Daf, 3/ kemf] ª lsNnf, : ofp aufg, of?e'm Eo" KjfOG6, ysfnL ;+ux| fno cflb 5g\ . u'? kb\d;Dej;Fu hf] l8Psf] 5 s'5k t] / ª ] uf u'Daf . ufpFsf] lz/ fgdf / x s ] f] 3/ kemf] ª lsNnfdf k'/ fgf 3/ / b/ af/ sf] eUgfjz] if 5g\ . ufpFaf6 tLg 3G6f lxF8 ] of?em' Eo" KjfOG6 -#,&%)ld6/ _ k'luG5 . s;/ L k'Ug] M sf7df8f}– + a] gL @*@ lsld . sf7df8f}a + f6 a;df ( 3G6f . a] gL–hf] d;f] d &% lsld . a;df ^ 3G6f . cyjf kf] v/ f–hf] d;f] d xjfO{ ofqf !* ldg] 6 . hf] d;f] d–l7gL @ lsld . l7gL;Dd} df] 6/ af6f] 5 . hf] d;f] daf6 lxF8/ ] l7gL k'Ug cfwf 3G6f . l7gL–d'lQmgfy @@ lsld . ;Dks{ M ;gk|;fb ysfnL–(*$&^#&()! cWoIf, ysfnL ;fd'bflos xf] d: 6]

a} 7SsL, d'u+ x| j' f / u'?jf gfr b] vfpF5g\ . yf? kl/ sf/ df cl08s eft, l9lqm, v] l/ of, al/ of, kGem\/ f, cl08s / f 6] L, u+u6f, 3f]3 + L, ;'uF /' sf] df;', lemFu ] df5f cflb kl/ sf/ x'G5 . s;/ L k'Ug] M sf7df8f}– + wgu9L ^&% lsld . sf7df8f}– + wgu9L xjfO{ofqf ! 3G6f !) ldg]6 . wgu9Laf6 a]nL

x'bF } efbfufpF k'Ug !& lsnf] ld6/ . k"jk{ lZrd / fhdfu{sf] rf} dfnf v08sf] / fhLk'/ af6 & lsld / lemn rf} / fxfaf6 !@ lsld k5{ . ;Dks{ M nIdLgf/ fo0f rf} w/ L– (&$()@*))$ cWoIf, efbf ufpF ;fd'bflos xf] d: 6]

wgs'6fsf] gfDh] ufpF du/ ;+: sl[ tn] el/ k0" f{ 5 . cd] l/ sL ;dfrf/ ;+: yf l;PgPgn] )^* ;fndf ljZjsf 3'Dg} kg] { !@ j6f ufpFsf] ;"rLdf gfDh] nfO{ / fv] kl5 PsfPs of] ufpF rrf{df cfof] . cUof{lgs vfgf, du/ ;+: sl[ t / cfTdf a: g ] 3/ ufpFsf ljz] iftf x'g \ . du/ sf k'vf{sf] nf; ufl8Psf @!# lrxfgdf ePsf 9'u+ f a6'n /] cd] l/ sL cfls{6 S] 6n] agfPsf] ;fd'lxs lrxfgnfO{ cfTdf a: g ] 3/ elgG5 . x'/f{ gfr k|Voft 5 . ufpF / dfOnf] 5 . s[lif sd{df leHg ;lsG5 . ufpFsf !! 3/ df xf] d: 6 ] u/ fOG5 . ToxfF vfg / a: g ;: tf] 5 . e] 8 6] f/ x'bF } gfDh] k'luG5 . e] 8 6] f/ df snfsf/ / f h ] g / fO{n ] agfPsf]

cgf} 7f] z+v Z] j/ dxfb] j bz{g ug{ kfOG5 . gfDh] af6 wgs'6fs} / fhf/ fgL / Wjh] 8fF8f / h] kmfn] 3'Dg hfg ;lsG5 . s;/ L k'Ug] M sf7df8f}– + w/ fg %%) lsld . w/ fg–gfDh] @! lsld . sf7df8f}a + f6 laxfg kfFr / lbpF;f] tLg ah] w/ fg hfg] l8nS; uf8L 5'65 \ g\ . a;df !@ 3G6f . w/ fgaf6 e] 8 6] f/ hfg wgs'6f jf / fhf/ fgL hfg] a; r9\gk' 5{ of l/ he{ ug'k{ 5{ . ;Dks{ M clgns'df/ / fgf–(*$@%^#!(( cWoIf, gfDh] ;fd'bflos xf] d: 6]

u'Daf 8fF8f k"js { f] k|Voft tLy{: yn kfyLe/ f hfg] af6f] df xf] d: 6 ] ;'ljwf 5 . tfKn] hª ' ;b/ ds ' fd km'ªlnª ahf/ af6 $ lsld dfly u'Daf8fF8fdf . tfKn] h'ª gu/ kflnsf–^ df kg] { 8fF8fdf u'?ªsf () 3/ 5g\ . ToxfFsf !) 3/ df xf] d: 6 ] u/ fOG5 . ufpFdf u'?ª ;+ux| fno, dxfb] j kf] v/ L, dlGb/ , u'Daf / u|fdL0f hLjgz} nL kfOG5 . ufpFaf6 km'ªlnª ahf/ klg / fd|f ] b] lvG5 . ufpFaf6 s~rgh+3f lxdfn / kfyLe/ f 8fF8f b] lvG5 . P;PgeL g] kfnsf] u| 6] lxdfno 6« n ] ljsf; sfo{qmdn] xf} : ofPkl5 )^( b] lv xf] d: 6 ] ul/ Psf] . cUof{lgs kl/ sf/ kfS5 efG5fdf . ;fu;AhL, cfn', l;hg cg';f/ t/ sf/ L, lsla, : ofp, cfNrf, gf;kftL cflb v'jfpF5g\ . ;fFem ;fF: s[lts sfo{qmd b] vfpF5g\ . s;/ L k'Ug] M sf7df8f}– + latf{df] 8 a;df !@ 3G6f . latf{df] 8af6 a;df km'ªlnª ahf/ k'Ug !) 3G6f . sf7df8f}a + f6 a;n] @$ 3G6f nufpF5 . km'ªlnªaf6 $ lslddf u'Daf 8fF8f . kfyLe/ f k'Ug km'ªlnª–sfkm\n ] kf6L !& lsld lhkdf . sfkm\n kf6Laf6 ] ^ lsld $ 3G6f kbofqf . ;Dks{ M lxdf u'?ª–(*$@&^()## . cu'jf, u'Daf8fF8f ;fd'bflos xf] d: 6]

47

xf] d: 6] lrTnfª sf7df8f} + glhs} sf] ;'Gb/ uGtJo xf] dsjfgk'/ sf] lrTnfª . pQ/ blIf0f km} n s ] f] lrTnfª pkTosf sf7df8f}+ pkTosfaf6 aflxl/ g ] k'/ fgf] gfsf rGb|flul/ e~Hofª -@,@*) ld6/ _ d'lGt/ 5 . e~Hofªaf6 ^ lsnf] ld6/ b'/ Ldf lrTnfª k'luG5 . ufpFdf g] jf/ , tfdfª, IfqL, afx'g / anfdLsf] a;f] af; 5 .

ToxfF g] kfn ko{6g jif{ @)!! b] lv xf] d: 6 ] u/ fpg yflnPsf] . g] jf/ , 7s'/ L / IfqLsf * 3/ df xf] d: 6 ] ;'ljwf 5 . ufpFdf s] xL xf] 6n klg 5g\ .

ufpFdf x] g {] s'/ f w] / } 5g\ . ;d|f6 czf] sn] O{;fk"j{ @&# df agfPsf] r} To 5 . tn] h' ejfgL sf] t, ;ftwf/ f, lquh'/ Z] j/ lzjfno, afv|f kmfd{, : jR5Gb e} / j nufot ;Dkbf 5g\ . afv|fsf] b"waf6 ag]sf] lrh klg kfOG5 . d'nf, ;fu, cfn', e'O:F ofp nufot vfBfGg / fd|f ] pTkfbg x'G5 . s;/ L k'Ug] M sf7df8f}s + f] yfgsf] 6 kfs{k5fl8 uf] bfdaf6 hLk rN5g\ .

ToxfFaf6 rGb|flul/ e~Hofª x'bF } lrTnfª k'luG5 . af6f] sRrL 5 . uf] bfd– lrTnfª !# lsld . rGb|flu/ L s] jnsf/ r9] / efn] Zj/ dlGb/ k'u /] tn lrTnfª emg{ klg ;lsG5 . ;Dks{ M / fwfs[i0f a: g t] –(*)$#(!**@ . cWoIf, lrTnfª ;fd'bflos xf] d: 6]

: ofk{t' fn

tfªltª lxdfnL ;f} Gbo{, s[lifsd{ / u'?ª hLjgz} nL kfOG5 tfªltª -!^*%ld6/ _ ufpFdf . dfbL ufpFkflnsf–@ sf: sLdf kg] { tfªltªdf b'O{ ;o 3/ 5g\ . clwsf+z u'?ªsf x'g\ eg] s] xL 3/ blntsf . ufpFaf6 cGgk"0f{ / ndh'ª lxdfn glhs} b] lvG5 . ToxfF dlxnfn] efFuf| / sDan a'g s ] f b[Zo ;fdfGo x'g \ . af/ Ldf cUof{lgs t/ s/ L em'ln/x G5g\ . ufpFaf6 cfwf 3G6f lxF8 ] gf} h' 8fF8f Eo" KjfOG6 k'luG5 . ufpFsf] u'Dafdf uf} td a'4, u'? kb\d;+ej / cfo{ cjnf] lst] Zj/ sf d"lt{ 5g\ . hxfF a;] / Wofg / k'hfkf7 ug{ ;lsG5 . lj;+ )^& b] lv ufpFdf xf] d: 6 ] yflnPsf] . cfh !# 3/ df To: tf] ;'ljwf 5 . kfx'gfsf] l8dfG8 cg';f/ ;fFem ;fF: sl[ ts sfo{qmd b] vfOG5 . To;df 3f6', ;f] / 7L / nf] sg[To x'G5 . s;/ L k'Ug] M sf7df8f}– + kf] v/ f @!) lsld . a;df ^ 3G6f . kf] v/ fsf] cd/ l;+x rf] saf6 sfx'v F f] nf 6\ofS;Ldf !) ldg] 6 . sfx'v F f] nf–tfªltª @& lsld a;df . sfx'v F f]nfaf6

laxfg * / lbp;f] $ ah] a; 5'65 \ g\ . a;df @ 3G6f nfU5 . ;Dks{ M k|sfz u'?ª–(*$^@(#)#^ cu'jf, tfªltª ;fd'bflos xf] d: 6]

k"j{ pQ/ df Eo" 6fj/ 5 . tfn If] qdf klZrd ?s'dsf] afFkmLsf] 6 a'9fnd: 6f, dlyu/ ] a|Dxf, bf/ ] d: 6f, ufpFkflnsfsf # / % j8fdf lzjfno, sflnsf / j/ fx dlGb/ : ofk't{ fn -!,#!)ld6/ _ k5{ .

5g\ . l;d} 5/ L / a~r/ ] em/ gf klg tfnsf] If] qkmn @=^ ju{ lsld 5 .

5g\ . s;/ L k'Ug] M sf7df8f}– + vn+uf ToxfF lj;+ @)^( b] lv : ofk't{ fn a;df !^ 3G6f . vn+Uff–: ofk'{ @# s[lif ;xsf/ L ;+: yf agfP/ lsld lhkdf 8] 9 3G6f . vn+ufaf6 df5fkfng ul/ Psf] 5 . lbp;f] #=#) ah] a; 5'65 \ . : ofk'a{ f6 tfn lsgf/ df b'O{ ufpF 5g\– laxfg &=!% ah] 5'65 \ . lhk vn+uf, : ofk'{ ufpF / bx ufpF . tfn / ftfdf6f, / fpv] t, lunafª l5Dv] t, 3'Dg] a] : 6 l;hg ;fpgb] lv afFkmLsf] 6 x'bF } : ofk'{ k'U5 . vn+uf– sflQs;Dd . kl5 kfgL 36\b} : ofk'{ kbofqf ;do % 3G6f . hfG5 . kmfu'g–r} tdf sd x'G5 . tfn If] qdf bl/ efg k'/ Ln] @)^$ ;fnb] lv xf] d: 6 ] rnfPsf . cr] n & ;Dks{ M bl/ efg k'/ L–(&$*%@&%&% 3/ df xf] d: 6 ] ;'ljwf 5 . cWoIf, : ofk't{ fn ;fd'bflos xf] d: 6] tfndf sf7sf b'O6f 8'uF f 5g\ eg] c? b'O / flkm\6ª af] 6 . tfnsf]

48

Hofk'

;+ux| fno

sf

7df8f} + pkTosfsf cflbjf;L x'g\ g] jf/ . ljljw snf / ;+: sl[ tsf wgL . g] jf/ ;d'bfoleqsf Hofk' -ls;fg_ ldlxg] tL x'G5g\ . ltg} OdfGbf/ , sd{of] uL ls;fgsf] lrgf/ L lbG5 nlntk'/ sf] Hofk' ;+ux| fnon] . kf6gsf] Rof;n If] qdf cal: yt Hofk' k|1f ejgsf] e'OtF fnfnfO{ ;+ux| fnodf ?kfGt/ 0f ul/ Psf] xf] . h'g g] jf/ ;Eotf a'em\g ] / fd|f ] kf7zfnf ag] sf] 5 . ;+ux| fnodf ls;fgsf klx/ g, uxgf, x: tsnf, v] tLkftL, hfqfkj{, hLjgz} nL emNsfpg] ;fdflu| ;'/ lIft 5g\ . v] tLkftLdf k|of] u ug] { s'6fsf] bfnf, afhfufhf, k"hfkf7sf ;fdfg, klx/ g, efF8fjt{g, d'8; ' cflb ;fdfg ;hfOPsf] 5 . ;+ux| fnodf nfOkm ;fOhsf dlxnf / k'?ifsf k|ltdf klg ;hfOPsf] 5 . Toltdfq xf] Og g] kfndf kfOg] ljleGg hfthfltsf 8dL klg l8: Kn] ul/ Psf] 5 . ToxfF cg] stfdf Pstfsf] efjgf emlNsG5 .

Hofk' ;d'bfosf] clwsf/ sf nflu n8\g / : yfgLo efiff, ;+: sl[ tsf] ;+/ If0f ug{ lj;+ @)%! ;fndf Hofk' ;dfh : yfkgf ul/ Psf] lyof] . ;+ux| fno oxL ;dfhn] : yfkgf u/ s ] f] . o;sf] ;~rfng Hofk' ;dfhn] g} u5{ . ;+ux| fno / fd|f ] ko{6g k|f 8] S6 alg;Sof] . ToxfFleq a;] / cWoog ug{ slDtdf b'O{ 3G6f ;do 5'6o\ fpg' k5{ . kf6g b/ af/ If] qaf6 pQ/ k"jd{ f sl/ a & ldg] 6 lxF8df ] Hofk' ;+ux| fno k'luG5 . v'N' g] ;do M !) b] lv % ah] ;Dd l6s6 z'Ns M @% ?k} ofF . ;Dks{ M %%$$%*&

53

/ fi6«slj

: jl0f{ d lhGbuL / fi6«slj dfwjk|;fb l3ld/ ] x/ s ] dfG5] n ] hLjgnfO{ pT;jdo agfpg' k5{ eG5g\ . (( jif{sf] pd] / df ;d] t sflJos ;'af; 5l/ / x s ] f sljj/ sf] lhGbuL : jl0f{d ag] sf] 5 . l

50

cd[t efbufpFn]

/f

i6«sljsf ?kdf g] kfnLn] dg} b l] v >4f ug] { ;'kfq x'g–\ dfwjk|;fb l3ld/ ] . pgL nf] s ;fF: sl[ ts ljDa 6kSs} l6k] / sljtf a'Gg vlKk; 5g\ . dfgjtf ufpFb } lxF8 s ] f l3ld/ s ] f] hLjg pT;jdo 5 . pgL k|sl[ tk"hs t x'bF } x'g \ . : j5GbtfjfbL efjwf/ f / kl/ isf/ jfbL z} nL ePsf slj . dfgjtfjfb pgsf] hLjg bz{g .

To;f] t pgL k|0fo r]tgfdf

klg cAan 5g\ . sljtf, v08sfJo / uLlt gf6saf6 g] kfnL ;flxTosf] >Lj[l4df ct'nlgo of] ubfg k'¥ofPsf 5g\ . g] kfnL ;flxTodf uf} / L, cZjTyfdf, / fi6«lgdf{tf, dfntL–d+un] , lsGg/ –lsGg/ L h: tf y'k }| uxg k': ts ck{0f u/ s ] f pgL olta] nf CtDe/ f dxfsfJosf] la6 dfb}5 { g\ . sf7df8f}s + f] nflhDkf6l: yt lgjf;df a;] / cfkm\gf] ;[hgfsf] cfkm} + kf7s, cfkm} + ;ldIfs / cfkm} + ;Dkfbs eP/ CtDe/ f kf08'lnlk kl/ dfh{g ub}5 { g\ . pgsf] of] kl5Nnf] s[lt ;a} sf nflu cd"No pkxf/ aGg] df z+sf 5} g . ztfAbL k'?if aGg} nfu] sf a] nf klg plQs} xFl;nf] / el/ nf] b] lvG5g\ sljj/ . cfkm'n ] ef] u s ] f] hLjgk|lt s'g } u'gf;f] 5} g . c;Gt'li6 5} g . lhGbuL ;kmn ePsf] cg'el" t 5 . sd{zLn ePs} n] pgsf] lhGbuL ;fy{s aGof] . ndh'ªsf] kfvf kv] / fdf hGd] ÷x'ss {] f] dfG5] cfh / fi6«n ] g} uf} / j ug{ nfos w/ f x] / aGof] . ;du|df eGbf / fi6«sljsf] lhGbuL : jl0f{d aGof] . pgsf] hLjg cfkm}d + f k| /] 0ffsf] ufyf xf] . cg'ejsf] l;Fuf] ljZjljBfno klg . / fi6«slj l3ld/ ] ndh'ª ;b/ ds ' fd j] lz;x/ dfl: t/ sf] k': tg' ufpFdf hGd] sf .

ToxLFsf] jgkfvfdf x'ss {] f . afFb/ n8\g ] eL/ df hGd] ÷x'ss {] n } ] xf] nf pgsf / rgfdf k|sl[ tsf] ld7f; kfO|G5 . nf] s;+: sl[ tsf] rf: gLo'Qm ld7f; . dfG5] hxfF;s ' } k'uf] ;\ p;nfO{ afNosfn / lszf] / josf ;Demgfx¿n] gf] : 6flNhs agfpF5g\ . pgL klg ;dosf] nx/ f ] ;dfpFb } ;dfpFb } sf7df8f} + cfP . k9] . / , kl5 lj;+ @)!( b] lv nflhDkf6df 3/ agfP/ ;w}s + f nflu ot} a;] . ;do;Fu } sflGtk'/ sf … / y} fg] Ú ag] . dfG5] n ] dgnfO{ nufd nufpg ;Sb} g . pgsf] dg klg l5gl5gdf e'/e { /' { p8] / Tot} u08sL c~rnlt/ k'U5 . cr] n klg To;} u/ L ufpF 8'n /] kmls{G5 . a'9o\ f} nLsf sf/ 0f k'/ fgf] 3/ cfFug k'Ug ;Sb} gg\ . pgn] n] v s ] } 5g\, … nfUb5 dnfO{ / dfOnf] d] / } kfvf kv] / f ] .Ú ufpFdf n3' sf} db' Lsf] cWoog ;s] / vNtLdf hDDff ;ft df] xf] / af] s /] pgL sf7df8f} + k;] sf lyP . otf cfPkl5 b/ af/ xfO: sn ' df k9\g yfn] . pgn] zf: qL;Dd k9] . ha lj;+ @))$ df hLjg;+uL uf} / Lsf] lgwg eof] ta ;f¥x} ljlIfKt ag] . pgn] zf] ssfJo g} n] v –] uf} / L . )!% ;fnb] lv k|sfzg x'g yfn] sf] uf} / L sfJo ;+;f/ sf dfG5] sf] b'Mvsf] ;fyL ag] sf] 5 . c? y'k }| uxg ;flxTo n] v /] u'g nufP pgn] . ;flxTon] ;dfhnfO{ cfzfjfbL agfpg' kg] { pgsf] lhls/ 5 . … sljn] dfG5] nfO{ lg/ fz agfpg' x'bF g} Ú , pgL cfu|x u5{g,\ … cfzfjfbL agfpg] sljtf

n] vf} + . ;a} df ;sf/ fTds phf{ afF8f} + .Ú hLjgdf ufpFsf] x] 8df: 6/ b l] v efiffg'jfb kl/ ifb, uf] / vfkqsf] hflu/ ] x'bF } k|1f k|lti7fgsf] s'nklt;Dd aGg] cj;/ kfP pgn] . a'9 ;sfndf ] klg plQs} ;lqmo 5g\ . hLjgsf] pQ/ fw{df cfOk'Ubf cfkm"nfO{ l;dnsf] a'9f] ?v;Fu t'ngf u5{g . cr] n nflhDkf6sf] ToxL k'/ fgf] 3/ df hLjg;fyL dxfsfnL / 5f] / fa'xf/ L;Fu a: 5g\ . t/ , cfFvfdf afNosfnsf tl: a/ 6fFl;Ps} 5g\ . pgL 3l/ 3l/ u08sL c~rnlt/ k'luxfN5g\ . a'9 ; ] sfnsf] b} lgsL klg p: t } Jo: t 5 . sf7df8f}d + f lbgx'F cg] sf} +sfo{qmd x'G5g\ . sltkon] pgnfO{ k|dv " cltlysf ?kdf af] nfpF5g\ . / fi6«slj plelbFbf sfo{qmdsf] ul/ df a9\5 . slxn] sflxF t lbgd} tLg–rf/ j6f sfo{qmd k5{g . … tkfOFnfO{ xfdL w] / } b'Mv lbFb g} f} + !% ldg] 6 d~rdf a;] / kmsf{p5 F f}Ú + eG5g\ .

To;/ L sfo{qmddf hfFbf lbg} laT5 . sltko JolQm / ;+: yf pgsf] 3/ d } cfP/ k': ts tyf PNad ljdf] rg u/ fpF5g\ . ;+3;+: yf o'jfnfO{ lnP/ 3/ d } cfpF5g\ . To: tf] a]nf b'O{ zAb cflzjr{g lbg kfpFbf sljhLsf] cg'xf/ klg rlDsG5 lsgls pgL o'jfsf cfFvfdf ;d[4 g] kfnsf] tl: a/ b] V5g\ . ;+efjgf b] V5g\ . cflv/ casf] d'ns ' agfpg' kg] { bfloTj t o'jfs} sfFwdf 5 . To;} n ] ;a} df k| /] 0ff / pT;fx el/ lbG5g\ . k|dv ' cltlysf] cf;gn] ;do vfOlbG5 . lrGtg, dgg /

n] vgdf lbg'kg] { ;do layf] lnPsf] 5 . To;f] eg] / sfo{qmdx¿df hfGg eGg klg ;Sb} gg\ / fi6«slj . 3/ ;Dd} cfP/ cg'/ f w] u/ k] l5 gfOF eGg' klg s;/ L Û s;} sf] dg b'vfpg rfxFb g} g\ . To;} n ] ubf{ pgsf] cfkm\gf] ;do klg cfkm\gf] x'g ;s] g . ;fj{hlgs ;DklQm em} + ePsf] 5 ;do . pgL xFl;nf 5g\ . vfgkfg / Jofofddf Vofn u5{g . ;fdfGotM laxfg ^ ah] p7\5g\ . lgTo sd{ ;s]/ cfwf 3G6f Jofofddf a: 5g\ . Jofofd ;s] / 3/ cfFugdf cfwf3G6f hlt lxF85 \ g\ . klqsf x] b} {lrof ;'?k ;'?k kfg] {afgL 5 . klqsfsf] lzif{s k9\5g\ . tl: j/ x] 5g{ \ . t/ klxnf] x] / fOd} k'/ } ;dfrf/ df ulxl/ bF g} g\ . … k9\g } kg] { s'/ f / x 5 ] eg] sndn] xf] Og dgn] lrgf] nufpF5Ú' , pgL eG5g\, … lbp;f] st} af6 kms]k { l5 ;Dem] + eg] Tof] ;dfrf/ jf n] v k9\5 ' .Ú laxfg ;fF9 ] bzb] lv ;fF9 ] !! ah] leq vfgf vfG5g\ . vfgfdf ToxL ;fdfGo bfneft, / f 6] L / t/ sf/ L . / fof] , rD;'/ , kfn'u+ f] sf] ;fu eg] kl5 e'tS' s} . vfFl§ kl08t kl/ jf/ sf l3ld/ ] kfgsf cDdnL lyP

51

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pgsf / rgfdf g] kfn w8\lsG5 . g] kfnLnfO{ uf} / L, cZjTyfdf, / fi6«lgdf{tf, dfntL–d+un] h: tf uxg ;[hgf ck{0f u/ s ] f l3ld/ ] olta] nf cfkm\g } lgjf;df … CtDe/ fÚ dxfsfJosf] kf08'lnlk kl/ is[t ub}5 { g\ .

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s'g } a] nf . dlb/ f ;] jg pgsf] / f h ] fOdf slxNo} k/ g] . xl/ of] kl/ of] eg] kl5 x'?Ss} . / fof] sf] ;fu rkfO{ rkfO{ : jfb lnG5g\ . pgnfO{ cfn'–tfdf / lgu'/ f s ] f] t/ sf/ L klg v'a } ld7f] nfU5 . dfG5] n ] afNosfndf h'g s'/ fsf] : jfb lnof] kl5;Dd ToxL a9L ld7f] nfUbf] / x 5 ] . ;fFemsf] vfgf * ah] lt/ } vfG5g\ . vfgf kl5 l6eLdf ;dfrf/ vf] H5g\ . laxfg rflxF 3/ df s;} n ] l6eL vf] n s ] f] dg k/ fpFb g} g\ pgL . klxnf klxnf lbp;f] # ah] kl5 n] Vg a;'F h: tf] nfUYof] .

To;} uy] { Tof] a] nf . cr] n kl/ jf/ ;'lt;s] kl5 n] Vg a: 5g\ . n] Vbfn] Vb} ÷3f] lTnFbf3f] lTnFb } / ftL ;fF9 ] !! ah] kl5 la: tf/ fdf klN6G5g\ . klxnf klxnf dgdf efjgfsf] e] n aUYof] , cr] n ljrf/ sf] e] n a9\b 5 } . ljrf/ dfq} eP/ k'Ub} g sljtf x'g To;df snfTds efjgf klg rflxG5 . ToxL eP/ kl5Nnf] ;do n] vgdf sdL cfPsf] ;'gfpF5g\ pgL . pgL km';b{ eof] ls bz{gsf k': ts k9\5g\ . dgdg} u'G5g\ . st} 3tnfUbf sljtf km] nf kf/ ] eg] dxfsfnLnfO{ ;'gfOxfN5g\ . dxfsfnL pgsf] hLjgsf] e/ kbf] { ;f/ yL x'g \ . xfd|f / fi6«sljsf] lgjf; v'nf 7fpFdf 5 . To;} n ] pgL au}r + fdf km"n s ] f km"n, ltgdf a;] sf k'tnL / ?vsf xfFufdf / dfpg] r/ f;Fu aft df5{g . Ps tdf; ltgsf ultljlw lgofN5g\ . / fi6«sf] Pp6f cd'No / Tg x'g\ / fi6«slj . ;a} n ] dfg] sf . pgsf] lgjf;sf] sf] 7fe/ L k|df0fkqsf] yfs 5 . leQfdf gc6] / e'OdF f klg rfªsf rfª . dfofsf] lrgf] sf] ca: yf klg To: t } . c? ;fdfg klg To: t } . ltgnfO{ / fd|f ; ] uF ;hfP/ / fVg ;lsPsf] 5} g . ;of}s + f] ;+Vofdf 5g\ k|df0fkq . kfx'gfx¿nfO{ / fi6«slj tL

52

k|df0fkqsf rfª b] vfpF5g\ . ltgnfO{ Jojl: yt ug{ g;lsPsf] efj pgsf] cfFvfdf emlNsG5 . xfd|f ] ;dfhdf dfG5] lat] kl5 ltgsf] ;Demgfdf s] xL ug] { s'/ f p7\5 . / fi6«sljsf] hLjg 5Fb } pgsf] gfpFdf ;+ux| fno agfP s: tf] xf] nf < To;df pgn] k|of] u u/ s ] f ;fdfg, efF8fjt{g, sk8f, sfkL, snd, k': ts, kf08'lnlk, pkxf/ , cl8of] ÷lel8of] / o: t } k|df0fkq ;hfpg kfP x'GYof] .

Tolt ug{ ;s] ;+;f/ sf h'g;'s } s'gfdf a: g ] g] kfnLsf nflu klg / fi6«sljsf] cWoog ug] { / >4f bzf{pg] / fd|f ] ynf] aGg ;SYof] . / fi6«sljs} lgjf;nfO{ ;+ux| fondf ?kfGt/ 0f ug{ ;s] ;flxlTos tLy{ aGg ;S5 . o: t } 5 / fi6«sljsf] hLjg . x/ s ] dfG5] cd/ aGg rfxG5 . pd] / df dl/ Pnf eGg] 8/ x'bF g} . hjfgLdf d[To"nfO{ klg lhTg ;lsG5 h: tf] nfU5 . d[To'sf] em: sf k: b g} . rfln; jif{;Dd d'6' b/ } x'G5 .

To;kl5 clncln 8/ k: g ] pgsf] cg'ej 5 . … pd] / ^) k'u k] l5 d[To'sf] em: sf k: bf] / x 5 ] Ú , pgn] ;lDemP, … ltdL t a'9o\ f} nLlt/ nfUof] eg] / s;} n ] eGbf v+ªu|u+ eOFbf] / x 5 ] .Ú lxF8b\ f lxF8b\ } hLjgsf sof} + h+3f/ t/ ] pgL . psfnL cf] / fnL / 3'D6Lx¿df dfG5] s } uLt ufpF5g\ sljj/ . slt jif{ afFlrPnf eGg] s'/ f eujfgs} xftdf 5 . pgL olt ;'emfpF5g\–… xfdLn] cem} pbf/ ag] / ljZjaGw'Tjsf] efjgf ;+;f/ e/ km} nfpg' k5{ .Ú kms]/ { x] bf{ pgL cfkm\gf] hLjgnfO{ ;fy{s ePsf] dfG5g\ . sljtf / uLtdfkm{t / fli6«o efjgf hfu/ 0fdf of] ubfg k'¥ofpg ;s] sfdf ;Gt'i6 5g\ . eG5g\, … hLjg eujfg / k|sl[ tsf] j/ bfg xf] . b] znfO{ dfof ug{ kfpFbf ;Gt'i6 5' .Ú / fi6«sljsf] ;': jf: Yosf] sfdgf Û

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xjfO{ p8fgsf] cg'dlt k|fKt xjfO{ sDkgLsf] ;"rL gful/ s p8\8og k|flws/ 0fsf] j] e;fO{6df / flvPsf] x'G5, To: sf] cWoog ug'k{ 5{ . pkef] Qmf ;+/ If0f P] gn] xjfO{; j] f 5gf}6 + sf] ;'ljwf k|bfg u/ s ] f] n ] ;'lawf ;DkGg / ;'/ lIft tyf ljZj;gLo xjfO{ hxfhaf6 ofqf ug'k{ 5{ . s'g xjfO{ sDkgLsf] ;] jf s'g–s'g : yfgdf 5, ;f] klg k|flws/ 0fs} j] e;fO{6af6 hfGg ;lsG5 . o;sf nflu ;DalGwt xjfO{ sDkgLx¿sf] j] e;fO{6 cWoog u/ /] klg e/ kbf] { xjfO{; j] f 5gf}6 + ug{ ;lsG5 . df} ;dsf] sf/ 0f jf Po/ 6«flkmssf] sf/ 0f p8fg l9nf x'g ] l: yltdf Od] n, P;PdP;af6 ;"rgf lbg'kg] { Joj: yf ug{ / fli6«o ;"rgf cfof] un] xjfO{ sDkgLx¿nfO{ cfu|x u/ s ] f] 5 .

Po/ kf] 6d{ f ;"rgf l8: Kn] ;] 06/ x'G5 . To: sf] df] lg6/ df s'g–s'g hxfhn] s'g s'g If] qsf nflu s'g ;dodf p8fg eb}5 { eGg] hfgsf/ L lgoldt ?kdf ;fj{hlgs eO/ x s ] f] x'G5, ;f] x] l/ / xg' k5{ . ;fy} ;do ;dodf x'g ] klJns PgfpG;d] 06 klg Wofgk"js { ;'Gg'k5{ . xjfO{ sDkgLx¿n] Po/ kf] 6d{ f kl/ rokq nufPsf cfk\mgf sd{rf/ LnfO{ ofq'sf] ;] jfdf v6fPsf x'G5g\, pgLx¿;“u ;"rgf dfUg ;lsG5 . ;fy} Po/ kf] 6d{ f / x s ] f] xjfO{ sDkgLsf] x6nfO{gdf 6] lnkmf] g u/ /] klg cfk"mnfO{ cfjZos k/ s ] f] ;"rgf xfl;n ug{ ;lsG5 . ofq'n ] ;fydf n} hfg kfpg] tf} n slt xf] < of] s'/ f l6s6df n] lvPsf] x'G5 . of] xjfO{ l6s6sf] d"Nodf klg e/ k5{ . x/ s ] ofq'n ] tf] lsPsf] tf} nleq kg]u { / L ;fdfg Nofpg' k5{ . xjfO{ p8fgdf ofq'n ] kfpg] Go"gtd\ ;'ljwf s] xf] < rsn] 6, sfgdf / fVg] skf;, lkpg] kfgL, xNsf vfhf, dfO{n h ] sf8{, 5'6f[ 5'6 }[ l;6,

xjfO{ofq'n ] hfGg} kg] { ;"rgfx¿ zf} rfnosf] ;] jf;DaGwL ;"rgf xfl;n ug'k{ 5{ / oL ;j} ;'ljwf ePsf xjfO{ sDkgLsf] 5gf}6 + ug'k{ 5{ . l ofq'n ] xjfO{hxfhaf6 ofqf ubf{ p8fg sd{rf/ Ln] lbPsf] ;Nnfx k"0f{?kdf kfngf ug'k{ 5{ . ;j} xjfO{ofq'n ] Ps cfk;df zLi6 Jojxf/ ug'k{ 5{ . l k|To] s g] kfnL gful/ snfO{ g] kfnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/ f @& n] cfk\mgf] jf ;fj{hlgs ;/ f s ] f/ sf] ;"rgf dfUg] / kfpg] xssf] Joa: yf u/ s ] f] 5 . of] gful/ ssf] df} lns xs xf] . of] xs xjfO{;jfdf ] klg nfu' x'G5 . l ;"rgfsf] xs;DaGwL P] g, @)^$ n] ;fj{hlgs lgsfodf / x s ] f] ;"rgfdf gful/ ssf] kx'rsf] Joj: yf u/ s ] f] 5 . o;y{ cfk"mn] ;] jf xfl;n ug] { xjfO{ sDkgL;“u cfjZostf cg';f/ sf] ;"rgf sfg"g ;Ddt 9+un] dfu ug'k{ 5{ .

xjfO{ofq's } ;] jfdf ;dlk{t xjfO{ sDkgLx¿n] klg gful/ sn] dfu u/ s ] f ;"rgf lg;+sf] r k|bfg u/ L cfk\mgf] ljZ;gLotf sfod ug'k{ 5{ . l ;"rgf lng] lbg] ;+: sl[ tsf] ljsf; u/ f +} . s'g } klg ;fj{hlgs ;/ f s ] f/ M gful/ ssf] yfxf kfpg] clwsf/ eGg] gf/ fsf] ;Ddfg u/ f +} . gful/ sn] klg ;"rgf xfd|f ] clwsf/ M ;'zf;g / ljsf;sf] cfwf/ xf] eGg] efjgf a'emL cfjZos ;"rgf dfUg] afgL a;fnf} + . ;"rgfsf] clwsf/ M nf] stGqsf] cfwf/ ePsfn] gful/ ssf] ;Da} wflgs / sfg"gL ;"rgfsf] xssf] ;a} n ] pRr ;Ddfg u/ f } . ;Eo / kf/ blz{ ;dfhsf] lgdf{0f u/ f } . cfk\ mgf] xjfO{; j] f ljZj;gLo / x s ] f] tYo ;"rgfsf] xs dfkm{t phfu/ ug] { cj;/ sf] pRr k|of] u u/ f +} egL ;fj{hlgs cfJxfg ub{5 ' .

53

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tf/ fk|;fb 1jfnL

zts p8fg a'4 Po/ df ofqf ug{ yfn] sf] aL; jif{ eof] . kl5NNff] !@ jif{df dfq d} n] a'4 Po/ df (* p8fg el/ ;s] + . ;/ b/ 8] 9 dlxgfdf Psk6s p8] 5 ' .

kfnu~h hfFbf d ;w} + a'Wb Po/ sf] ;] s 0] 8 nf: 6 l;6df a: 5 ' . ha hxfh p8\5, em\ofnaf6 hGdynf] u'NdL x] g{ kfOG5 . ;fydf dgdf] xs lxdfnL b[Zo klg . tn wfuf] h: tf] b] lvg] lqz'nL, d : of{ªbL, ;] tL, cf“wLvf] nf, sfnLu08sL, ;] tL, l/ 8L vf] nf, / fKtL, lemd?s tyf k"jk{ lZrd / fhdfu{, b] pv'/ L, 3f] / fxL cflbsf ;fydf ??If] q, dgsfdgf / : ju{4f/ L{ bz{g u5' { . d}n] a'Wb Po/ df ofqf ug{ nfu] sf] cS6f]a/ @)!& df aL; jif{ k'/ f eof] . ut ;] K6] Dj/ !$ tfl/ vsf lbg g] kfnu+h hfFbf ofqf Dofu] lhg k9] + . jL/ G] b| a: g t] hLsf] n] v … kms]/ { x] bf{Ú af6 w] / } hfgsf/ L k|fKt eof] . t/ klg dnfO{ stfstf vNnf] nfUof] lsgeg] jL; jif] { ofqf j0f{g ul/ Psf] Dofu] lhgdf s'g } klg ofq'sf] n]vf, k|ltlqmof k9\g kfOPg . d} n ] sfof{nosf] sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf xjfO{ hxfh r9] + . lghL vr{jf6 af/ Djf/ ofqf ug] { Ifdtf 5} g d;“u . vf;df ;j} Po/ nfOG;k|lt d] / f ] plQs} >4f 5 . ljut !@ jif{sf] cjlwdf d} n ] a'Wb Po/ df dfq (* p8fg e/ 5 ] ' . ;/ b/ 8] 9 dlxgfdf Psk6s p8] 5 ' . ;DemG5', ufp“sf] l/ 8L xfO: sn ' sf] d} bfgjf6 lgwf/ df xTs] nfn] 58s] 5ftf agfO{ cfsfzdf hxfh p8] sf] x] / s ] f] . rLnufl8df p8\g\ kfP x'GYof] eg] / slNkGYof} + . ;doqmddf ;g\ !((% df klxnf] k6s g] kfnuGh p8fgdf lgsf] g Po/ sf] hxfh r9\g ] df} sf ldn] Yof] . a'Wb Po/ df hgj/ L !((* df sf7df8f} –lj/ f6gu/ ?6df klxnf] p8fg e/ s ] f] lyP . ltgtfsf d ;'g;/ L / wgs'6f lkmN8 clkm;df hfGy] + . a'Wb Po/ sf] dfOn] h sf8{ w] / } kl5 dfq agfP . sl/ j b'O{ jif{ sf7df8f+ –} lj/ f6gu/ ofqf u/ k] l5 csf] { ;: y+ faf6 l;/ xfdf sfd ug{ yfn] + . Toxf“ k'Ug lj/ f6gu/ of hgsk'/ ;Dd p8fg eg'k{ Yof] { . d dfOn] h sf8{ af] Sg la;{Gy] + . ;g\ @))$ df xfn sfo{/ t ;+: yfdf k|j z ] u/ s ] f] jif{ lbgkl5 d] n } g“of sf8{ agfP h'g clxn] k|of] udf 5 . b'Mvdf sfd nfu] sf] ;fyL klg xf] a'Wb Po/ . ;g\ !((( sf] h'g dlxgfdf wgs'6fsf] d"lt{9u'+ fdf lyP, 3/ -u'NdL_df cfdfnfO{ ;s; eP5 . pxf“ bdsf] / f u] L x'gx' G' Yof] . … t? ' Gt} 3/ cfpg'Ú eGg] va/ lxn] sf] uh'/ xf] 6ndf cfOk'u 5 ] . Tof] xf] 6ndf xfdL a: Yof} + . To;j] nf df] jfOn kmf] g ;'ljwf lyPg . xf] 6njfnfn] l;w'jf ahf/ sf] lkl;cf] dfkm{t d"lt{9u+' fdf va/ k'¥ofof] . d t'?Gt} lxn] cfOk'u +] clg ToxL lbg lj/ f6gu/ af6 a'Wb Po/ sf] ljdfg r9] + . sf7df8f} af6 e} / xjfsf] / fqLa; r9] / a'6jn x'b“ } ;vf/ } ?b|a g] L 3f6df k'u +] . cfdfsf] lgwg eO;s] sf] / x 5 ] t/ dnfO{ cw'/ f ] va/ ;'gfOPsf] / x 5 ] . lrtf k'/ } ;lNs;s] sf] lyPg, d} n ] cfdfsf] d'xf/ clGtd k6s x] g{ kfP .

Toltj] nf dnfO{ xjfO{ofqfsf] vf;} dxTj yfxf lyPg t/ ha cr] n Tof] lbg ;lDemG5' clg xjfO{ p8fgdf sflnu08L lddL{sf] 8\ofd;fO6eGbf d'lGt/ ?b|j 0] fLsf] 3f6nfO{ cfsfzjf6 b] V5', a'Wb Po/ nfO{ dgdg} wGojfb lbG5' .

Tof] lbg lj/ f6gu/ af6 clGtd km\nfO6df p8fg eg{ gkfPsf] eP d} n]

54

lrtfdf ;d]t cfdfnfO{ clGtd bz{g ug{ kfpg] lyOg . csf] { 36gf 5, ef/ tLo gfsfaGbL tfsfsf] . d] / f cToGt glhssf gft] bf/ sf] lgwg eof] a'6jndf . To;} lbg Totf hfg'kg] { ef] t/ ufl8jf6 hfg] ;do / pkfo lyPg . d} n ] dfOn] hx¿ o: t } clt cfjZos k/ s ] f a] nf sfd nfuf] ; eg] / } arfpg] u/ s ] f] 5' . a'Wb Po/ sf] xflQ;f/ clkm;df uP/ s'/ f u/ k] l5 ;'ljwfsf] l6s6 kfP . o;/ L cfly{s ef/ lag} a'6jn k'Ug ;s] + . ca Pp6f / dfOnf] k|;u+ –;g\ @)!@ sf] . ;fnL gftf kg]n { fO{ d} n] uf] / vk'/ / n ] : 6 z ] g;Dd k'¥ofpg' kg] { eof] . e} / xjf;Dd ;fs'/ f 6«fen clg a}u + n'? ;Dd ozjGtk'/ PS;k| ; ] / n ] sf] l6s6 sGkmd{ lyof] . hfg] Pslbg cufl8 crfgs g] kfn aGbsf] ] 3f] if0ff eof] . k/ g] km;fb . / fqL a;df uP klg ljxfg uf] / vk'/ sf] / n ] e] 6fpg d'l: sn kYof] { . otf ;fnL ?g yflng\ . ptf >Ldlt / ;f8'efO{sf] ;+oQ' m jQmJo wlDssf] efiffdf cfpg yfNof] . ;f} efUoj; dfOn] h sf8{af6 xjfO{ l6s6 lnP . ;fnLsf] cfly{s x} l;ot deGbf w] / } u'0ff / fd|f ] lyof] t/ pgn] l6s6 lsGg dg km'sfOgg\ . d dfOn]h vr{ ug{ afWo eP . h] xf];\ xfdL ;dod} uGtJo k'Uof} +. a'Wb Po/ nfO{ ;'emfa k|fljlws xf] ; jf Joj: yfksLo sf/ 0fn] p8fg / 4 ug'{ kbf{ a'Wb Po/ n] a] n d} f ofq'nfO{ hfgsf/ L b] cf] ; \ . s'zn lhDd] jf/ L axg u/ f ; ] \ . a'Wb Po/ vfnL g} eP klg p8fg e5{ eg] / ofq' sg] S6] 8 km\NffO6sf] hf] lvd df] N5g\ . To: tf ofq'dfly a'Wb Po/ sf sf/ 0f kg{ hfg] ;d: of cfFsng u/ /] a] n d} f ;dfwfgsf pkfo ;f] lrof] ; \ . sf7df8f} af6 hxfh uPkl5 kmls{g ] qmddf sl/ a @) ldg] 6 dfq} hxfh klv{g ] / Tolxa] nf leq ;kmf ug'k{ g] { ePsfn] xtf/ ePsf] b] lvG5 . slxn] sflx l;6df l6: ok' k] / , r'Ou+ d, rSn] 6sf vf] : 6f cflb kmf] x/ e] l6G5 .

7"nf hxfhdf ls ;kmfO ;do kof{Kt x'gk' ¥of] ls kof{Kt sd{rf/ L . ;fy} ;kmf u/ k] l5 ;'ulGwt : k ]| ul/ lbg] ls Û ;dod} ofq'sf] cj: Yff a'em] / ;"rgf k|jfx u/ ] ;a} nfO{ ;lhnf] x'G5 . a'Wb Po/ n ] qmdzM b'ud{ 7fp“df klg ;] jf lj: tf/ ub{ {} hfcf] ; \ . xfnnfO{ sf7df8f} b l] v h'Dnf / tfKn] hª ' -;'s 6] f/ _;Dd p8fg lj: tf/ u/ d] f lxdfnL e] ssf jfl;GbfnfO{ 7"nf] / fxt ldNg] lyof] . / fi6« a}s + n] lghL sDkgLnfO{ z] o/ hf/ L u/ L klAns sDkgL lnld6] 8df n} hfg ;'emfPsf] ;'g s ] f] 5' . a'Wb Po/ n ] klg ;j{;fwf/ 0fdf z] o/ hf/ L ul/ k"h “ L a9fpg ;s] / fd|f ] . o;af6 ljlQo hf] lvd klg sd x'G5 . sd{rf/ L, ljlQo sDkgL tyf / f o] n Snasf ;b: onfO{ k|df] 6/ z] o/ hf/ L ug] { / kl5 lwtf] kq jf] 8s { f] lgodfg';f/ ;j{;fwf/ 0fdf uPdf a'Wb Po/ ;a} sf] ;femf aGg]5 . ofq'ju{n] klg cfkm\gf] ofqf cg'ej n]v/] yatra@buddhaair df k7fpg ;Sg'xg' 5 ] . kfl/>ldssf] klg Joj:yf 5 .

c;g

c;g ahf/

pmgb] lv ;'g;Dd c;gsf] cy{tGq uHhas} 5 . ToxfFsf k/ Dk/ fut k;nb] lv cfw'lgs dn;Dd plQs} le8 x'G5 . d'ns ' s} 7"nf] cf] kg l8kf6{d G] 6n : 6f] / eGbf km/ s kb}g { c;g ahf/ nfO{ . ToxfF gkfOg] lrh s] xL 5} g . l

qmflGt kf08]

s]

56

tkfOFnfO{ yfxf 5–g] kfnsf] ;a} eGbf k'/ fgf] zx/ s'g xf] < To;} nfO{ g] kfnsf] klxnf] v'nf l8kf6{d G] 6n : 6f] / eGg klg ;lsG5 . ToxfF gkfOg] lrh s] xL 5} g, pmgb] lv ;'g;Dd kfOG5 . Tof] ;x/ sf] gfpF– c;g ahf/ . cfh klg p: t } / f g} s 5 c;gsf] . lsgd] nsf nflu lbgx'F xhf/ f +} cf] xf] / bf] xf] / u5{g . sf7df8f}s + f] ef] 6flx6Laf6 k;] kl5 yfxf x'G5, le8 slt;Dd x'G5 eg] / . ;w} + 7] nd7] n x'G5 . slxn] sflxF cl3 a9\g jf kl5 ;g{ ;s;} x'G5 . c;g uNnLsf lvlr|sldlr|s k;n x'g\ of

Jojl: yt zlkª ;] G6/ , htftt} u|fxssf] 3'OrF f] x'G5 . bfnrfdn lsGg] ls d;nf, k"hf ;fdfg lsGg] ls sk8f, pmgL sk8f lsGg] ls h8La'6L ;a} ;fdfg kfOG5 c;g–OGb|rf] slt/ . vf] h h ] : tf] g'gb] lv ;'g;Dd ;a} ;fdfg Ps} 7fpFdf kfOg] ePsfn] klg dfG5] x¿ c;g wfpF5g\ . em6\6 x] bf{ k|frLg ahf/ / cfw'lgs dnsf] km\oh ' gh: t } nfU5 c;g . dflg;sf xftxftdf lsgd] nsf ln: 6 b] lvG5 . sf] xL 8fo/ Lsf kfgf kN6fO{/ x s ] f x'G5g\ . laxfgb] lv ;fFem} ;Dd hfU5 c;g . dlg{ª jfs;Fu } xl/ of] ;AhL af] s /] kms{g]

klg x'G5g\ .

OGb|rf] ssf] cGgk"0f{ dlGb/ df lbg} e/ le8 nfU5 . ToxfFsf km"n k;ndf rxnkxn a9\5 .

Ps} l5g s'/ f u/ f +} ls/ fgf k;nsf ;fx'hL nfe/ Tg t'nfw/ ;uF . pgsf afh] n ] ;'? u/ s ] f] k;ndf df;' / ;AhL afx] s vfBfGg, rfdn, lrp/ f, bfn, l3p, d;nf ;a} lrh kfOG5 . k'/ fgf lbg sf] 6o\ fpFbf pgL gf] : 6flNhs aG5g\ . lj;+ @)!# ;fn;Dd c;gsf ;a} 3/ df6f] jf ah|af6 ag] sf lyP .

ltgtfsf 3/ tLg tn] x'Gy] . 5fgf lemFu6Lsf . dflg; yf] / } lyP . … clxn] cUnfcUnf 3/ alg;s] . hg;+Vof klg afSnf] eof] Ú , pgn] eg] , tL; ;fn cl3 c;gdf $% lkm6 cUnf 3/ dfq agfpg kfOGYof] . dflg; 5fgf 5fpg lydLaf6 gn af] s /] NofpFy ] . Tof] ;dodf df] 6/ lyPg . dfG5] n ] g} af] Sg' kYof] { . e Q m k ' / l t / a f 6 NofOPsf] cGg ;'?df cGgk"0f{ dftfsf] dlGb/ df la;fOGYof] . lalqm ug'{ cl3 ToxfF Ps d'l7 r9fOGYof] . aNn @* ;fndf d] l6«s k|0ffnL cfof] . ;fdfg lsnf] / kfpdf lsga] r x'g yfNof] .

Tof] eGbf cl3 d'/ L, dfgf / kfyLsf lx;fan] a] lrGYof] . t'nfw/ ;DemG5g\, … g k] fnL hftsf]

57

c;g

dxFuL a9\of] k|lj0f/ Tg t'nfw/ , Jofkf/ L xfd|f ] afh] n ] ;'? u/ s ] f] l3p t] nsf] Jofkf/ *) jif{ k'/ fgf] e} ;Sof] . d] / f afh] g} clxn] !)$ jif{sf] x'g' eof] . xfd|f ] k;ndf l3p, tf] / Lsf] t] n, rfs', ;Vv/ / ld7fO{sf d;nf ;fy} k"hf ;fdu|L kfOG5 . klxnf afh] n ] ;'b/' klZrdaf6 l3p lemsfpg'xG' Yof] . cr] n kgf} tLaf6 cfpF5 . 8] / Laf6 klg NofpF5f} + . klxnf klxnf #% ?k} ofF lsnf] df l3p a] RYof} + . clxn] t dxFuL sxfF k'lu;Sof] . klxnf cGgk"0f{ dlGb/ 5] pdf Ps bh{g l3p k;n lyP . clxn] cfwf bh{g hlt dfq afFsL 5g\ . afpafh] n ] yfn] sf] sfd 3/ d } ePsf] x'bF f c? sfd ug] { hfFu/ cfPg . dnfO{ oxL k] zf g} / dfOnf] nfU5 .

bf} / f ;'?jfn lg/ Ghg hf] zL, Jofkf/ L afh] n ] ] e] 8fl;+df ;'? u/ s ] f] bf} / f ;'?jfn k;nnfO{ efO{, d / 5f] / f ldn] / rnfpFb } cfPsf 5f} + . cg'ejL ePsfn] u|fxsx¿ vf] hL vf] hL cfpF5g\ . cr] n bf} / f;'?jfn nfpg] x¿ sd 5g\ . klxnf / fhsfhsf sfddf bf} / f ;'?jfn clgjfo{ lyof] . clxn] / fli6«o kf] ;fs s] xf] eGg] g} 5} g . a? ljb] z hfFbf Ps ;] 6 bf} / f ;'?jfn af] s /] hfg] rng 5 . d} n ] laP kf; ubf{ #% ;fnlt/ !& ?k} ofFsf] sf] 6 nufPsf] lyPF . d] / f ] k;ndf sf] 6, O: 6sf] 6, Hjf/ L sf] 6x¿ aG5g\ . plxn] afh] n] sf] nsftf k'u /] Jofkf/ uy] { . clxn] klg xfd|f ] bf} / f ;'?jfn ef/ t;Dd k'U5 . xfdL ef] hk'/ , tfKn] hª ' / z+vj' f;efaf6 vf8Lsf sk8f NofpF5f} + .

km"n } ;+;f/ Zofd dfnL, Jofkf/ L d laxfgb] lv ;fFem;Dd km"n pg] / dfnf agfpFb } a: 5 ' . rf8af8df dfq xf] Og, ;w} + km"n / dfnfsf] / fd|f ] Jofkf/ x'G5 . b'O{ bzs eof] d} n ] o;/ L a] Rg yfn] sf] . klxn] klxn] t : yflgo km"n a] Ry], + clxn] oxfF km"n km'nfpg] x¿ 5} gg\ . ef/ t / a}s + saf6 NofOPsf km"nsf] dfnf a] R5' . ljjfx, j|taGw / k"hfsf] ;dodf dfu a9\5 . dnfO{ cfdfn] ;3fpg' x'G5 . km"n wd{;uF hf] l8Psf] 5 . c;gdf ;a} c;n lrh kfOG5 . xfdL dfnLsf] k] zf km"n;Fu hf] l8Psf] 5 . clxn] hft cg';f/ sf dfq sfd ug]x { ¿ sd 5g\ . d] / } 5f] / fnfO{ x] g; {' g pgLx¿sf] sn+sLdf On] lS6«f l] gS; k;n 5 .

rfdn dfq} $ yl/ sf] kfOGYof] . yfkf lrgL, df;L{, af;dlt / tf} nL wfgsf] rfdn . Ú ltgtfsf rfdn dfgfsf] &) k} ;f kYof] { . ds} / ux'F dfgfsf] hDdf @% k} ;f . d] l6«s l;: 6d cfP/ w] / n } fO{ cndn ePsf] nfe/ Tgsf] a'emfO{ 5 . eG5g\, … Ps d'/ L cGg gfk] sf] &@ lsnf] x'bF f] / x 5 ] . Ú klxn] klxn] !)) lsnf] af] / f;Dddf cfpg] rfdn clxn] Ps b'O{ kfFr, bz, aL;÷ klRr; s] hLsf af] / fdf cfpF5 . lsg o: tf] t < t'nfw/ eG5g\, … dflg;x¿ cfhef] nL ef/ L af] Sg rfxb} gg\ . Ú pma] nf k|z: t cGg kmNg] eQmk'/ , sf7df8f} + / nlntk'/ df cfh wfg kmNb} g, 3/ 7l8O;s] . klxnf c;gdf j} B k;n w] / } lyP, cr] n yf] / } 5g\ . To;f] t c;gdf kmnfd, tfdf / lkQnsf

58

efF8fjt{g klg kfOG5 . ;'grfFbL / sk8fsf] sf/ f a] f/ klg / fd|f ] x'G5 . c;gdf ;jf/ L ;fwgsf] klg le8 nfU5 . t'nfw/ ;DemG5g\, … #) ;fn cf;kf;df uf8L cfP;Fu } . uf8Ldf OF6f af] Sg] nf] / Lx¿df OF6f;Fu } dflg; cf] xf] / bf] xf] / uy] { c;gdf . Ú 3/ / a: tL klg kftn} lyof] c;gsf] . k|To] s 3/ sf gfd x'Gy] . kl5 ltg} 3/ sf gfd 6f] nsf gfd eP . k'/ fgf s] xL 3/ afFsL 5g\ . )&@ ;fnsf] e"sDkn] s] xL 3/ df Iflt k'¥ofof] . e"sDkn] Iflt u/ k] lg ahf/ lhpFbf] hfUbf] g} 5 . d7dlGb/ sf nflu ;d] t c;g rlr{t 5 . rf] sdf dlGb/ 5g\ . cGgk"0f{ / u0f] z oxfFsf rlr{t dlGb/ . cGgk"0f{ dlGb/ sf] lznfkqdf n] lvP cg';f/ oxfF dlGb/ aGg'df ;d|f6 czf] ssf] ] 7"nf] xft 5 . To;} n ] klxnf c;gnfO{ czf] s d08k elgGYof] . ;d|f6 czf] sn] g} leIf'÷leIf'0fL k7fPsf lyP . dlGb/ : yfkgf ug{ leIf'x' ¿ c;g cfPsf lyP . pgLx¿n] 7fpF 7fpFdf r}To agfP . kl5 c? dlGb/ klg ag] . c;gdf lsgd] n ug{ hfFb } x'gx' G' 5 eg] / fd| } afu]l { gª klg ug'; { x} . x} g, / ldtf dfq} x] g {] xf] eg] c;gsf] kmGsf] df/ /] kmls{g; ' \ .

59

snfs[lt

d's0' 8f] pkxf/

k

/ Dk/ fut ?kdf wfld{s sfo{df k|of] u x'bF } cfPsf] d's0' 8f] cr] n ko{6sLo k|f 8] S6 ag] sf] 5 . ljb] ;L t sf] ; n ] L lsG5g\ g} , : jb] ;L klg ;b\ efj afF8g\ d's0' 8f] / f H] 5g\ . lk|ohgnfO{ dfofsf] lrgf] sf ?kdf afF85 \ g\ . d's0' 8f] cyf{t d'vfs[tL emNsfpg] gSsnL cg'xf/ . laz] iftM sfnLdf6L, g]kfnL sfuh, dndn sk8f, skf; / d} bfaf6 agfOG5 . sf7df8f} + pkTosfsf g] jf/ gfrdf b] jb] jL, / fIf; / hgfj/ sf e] ifdf gfRg o: tf] d's0' 8f] k|of] u ul/ G5 . sf7, tfdf, 9nf} 6 / Knfli6saf6

60

dWok'/ df: s d] lsªsf ;f] d/ fh tfdfªsf] snfs[lt : jb] zdf dfq} xf] Og ljb] zdf ;d] t k|zl+ ;t 5 . klg d's0' 8f] agfOG5 . ;fgf, 7"nf ljleGg ;fOhdf lsGg kfOG5 . pkxf/ df df6f] / sfuhaf6 ag] sf] snf a9L vkt x'G5 . ;dosf] rqm 3'ld/ x 5 ] . cfh gfrufgdf dfq l;ldt 5} g d's0' 8f] snf . 3/ cfFug ;hfpg / z'esfdgf

afF8g\ ;d] t o;sf] k|of] u x'g yfn] sf] 5 . ljjfx, a|taGw, hGdf] T;jdf d's0' 8f] pkxf/ ;+: sl[ t aGb} 5 . cfkm\gf] kgn] nf] EofpFb 5 } ;a} nfO{ . k/ Dk/ fut z} nLdf cfw'lgstfsf] n] k nufP/ agfOPsf ;'Gb/ ;[hgfdf gnf] leg] sf] xf] nfg\ / Û eQmk'/ lhNnf, dWok'/ gu/ kflnsf–^ axfvf ahf/ l: yt dWok'/ df: s d] lsªsf snfsf/ ;f] d/ fh tfdfªn] d's0' 8f] snfdf k/ Dk/ f / cfw'lgstfsf] km\oh ' g u/ fPsf 5g\ .

To;} n ] pgsf] ahf/ / fd|f ] 5 .

JolQm dfq xf] Og, ;fdflhs ;+: yf /

;xsf/ Lx¿ ;d] t d's0' 8f] snf k|j4{g ub}5 { g\ . k] k/ af] 8d{ fly snfs[lt 6fF; /] ;+: yfsf] nf] uf] ;d] t 5flklbG5g\ pgL . o'lgs dfofsf] lrgf] Û d's0' 8f] snfdf ;f] d/ fhn] uHha} u/ s ] f 5g\ . laz] iftM g] jf/ ;d'bfon] agfpg] snfdf pgL kf/ u+ t t 5Fb 5 } g\, gofFgofF ;[hgf u/ /] ;a} nfO{ rlst kfl/ lbG5g\ . pgsf] ahf/ ljb] z;Dd km} n s ] f] 5 . : k g] , O6fnL, k|mfG; / cd] l/ sf nufot b] zaf6 d's0' 8f] sf] dfu e} / xG5 . ;do;Fu rNg ;Sg] x¿ g} l6S5g\ . Sjfln6L / l8hfOgdf gljgtf NofPs} n ] ;f] d/ fh rDs] sf x'g \ . pgsf] kl5Nnf] pTkfbg–lk|mh DofUg] 6, h'g ljb] z a: g ] g] kfnLn] klg ?rfPsf 5g\ . ljb] zLsf nflu a] nfa] nfdf ;f] d/ fh d's0' 8f] sfo{zfnf cfof] hgf u5{g . ;d"xa4 eP/ ljb] zL ;xefuL x'G5g\ . pgL d's0' 8f] agfpg / / u+ nufpg l;sfpF5g\ . / , xftxftdf Pp6f Pp6f d's0' 8f] pkxf/ lbP/ k7fpF5g\ .

g] kfnLsf nflu lg < / ftf] a+unfh: tf s] xL ljBfnon] d's0' 8f] snf hfgsf/ L lbnfpg ljBfyL{nfO{ pgs} df NofpF5 . sltko ljBfnon] pgnfO{ af] nfpF5g\ . pgL ljBfnodf k'u /] d's0' 8f] agfpg] ljlw l;sfpF5g\ .

To;af6 klg / fd| } cfDbfgL x'G5 . pgsf] sf/ vfgfdf ;w} + rf/ hgf Jo: t aG5g\ . ;f] d/ fh, >Ldlt / flwsf, efO{ clgn / csf{ Pshgf ;xof] uL . k'Vof}n { L ynf] l;Gw'kfNrf] s ePsf ;f] d/ fh s;/ L d's0' 8f] snfs[ltdf xf] ldP t < vf;df pgL pgL dWok'/ lyldd} x'ls{Psf x'g \ . ToxLFsf k"0f{si[ 0f lrqsf/ ;Fu ^ jif{;Dd snf l;s] . / , )%$ ;fnb] lv cfkm} + k;n vf] n ] . pgn] hfGbf 6f] ndf d's0' 8f] a] Rg] ( j6f k;n lyP, cfh hDdf tLgj6f afFsL 5g\ . ;do;Fu lxF8g\ ghfGg] x¿ aGb eP . pgL rflxF d's0' 8f] snfsf/ LtfnfO{ g} gofF prfOdf k'¥ofpFb 5 } g\ . pgsf] elaZo ;'gf} nf] 5 .

Churchill Complex, Sundhara, Kathmandu, Nepal Tel: 01-6210579, Fax: 01-4268107 email: pathibhara_2010@hotmail.com

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k9Gt] cleg] qL Ps ;do g] kfnL lkmNd hutdf lzlIft cleg] qL e] 6g\ } uf/ f ] lyof] . cleefjs cfkm\gf ;GtfgnfO{ 8fS6/ , OlGhlgo/ agfpg rfxGy] t/ lkmNd If] qdf k|j z ] u/ s ] f] ?rfpFb g} y] . t/ , cfh ;do ablnPsf] 5 . g] kfnL lkmNd hutdf wdfwd lzlIft cleg] qLsf] cfudg e} / x s ] f] 5 . l

clgn ofbj

s] sL clwsf/ L … : j/ Ú lkmNdaf6 clegodf 8] Ao" u/ s ] L s] sLn] … lahg] ; P8ldlg: 6 ; ]« gÚ df df: 6;{ l8u|L lnPsL 5g\ . lbIffGt ;df/ f x] df pk/ fi6«klt gGblszf] / k'gsf] xftaf6 PdaLPsf] k|df0fkq yfk] kl5 pgn] u/ s ] f] efif0fn] ;a} nfO{ efj's agfPsf] lyof] . pgn] eg] sL lyOg–… d n } ] z"Goaf6 ;'? u/ /] cgGt;Dd k'Ug] ;fx; u'dfPsL 5} g .Ú lkmNd ;'l6ªsf sf/ 0f / ftL clgbf] al;al; k9] sfn] k9fOdf ;kmntf ldn] sf] pgsf] egfO{ 5 . pgn] sf7df8f}, F lah'nLahf/ l: yt k| l] ;8] lG;on sn] haf6 … Xo'dg l/ ;f] ;{ Dofg] hd] G6Ú df PdaLP u/ s ] L x'g \ . s] sL k': ts k9\gdf ?lr / flV5g\ . gf/ LjfbL ePsfn] dlxnf;Fu ;DalGwt k': tsn] pgsf] dg 5'G5 . elG5g\, … af| lhlnog pkGof;sf/ kfpnf] sf] x n ] f] sf] … On] e g] ldg6\;Ú bf] xf] ¥ofP/ k9] sf] lyPF . dlxnf;Fu ;+j b] gzLn ljifo k': tsdf p7fg ul/ Psf] lyof] . To: t } a'l4 ;fu/ sf] n] vg klg dg k5{ .Ú

Crf zdf{ k': ts ljdf] rg ;df/ f x] df a/ f a] / cltly ag] / k'lU5g\ Crf zdf{ . : sn ' n] ensf] k9fO{ ;s] kl5 lahg] ; : 68Lh k9\g ] lg0f{o u/ s ] L

pgn] sf7df8f}s + f] Unf] an Dofg] hd] G6 sn] haf6 sd;{df Aofrn/ u/ s ] L l5g\ . To;kl5 clego lgvfg{ k|mfG; k'u /] tLg dlxg] PlS6ª sf] ;{ ul/ g \ . lkmNd … km: 6 neÚ af6 clego ofqf yfn] sL pgL km/ s–km/ s e"ldsfdf clego ug{ ?rfpg] e;{6fOn cleg] qL x'g \ . pgL km';b{ df k': ts k9\l5g\ . … d cfkm" n] Vg ;lSbg To;} n ] xf] nf ;Sg] dfG5] kl| t lgs} gtdtis x'G5' . a'l4 ;fu/ / gog/ fh kf08] d] / f lk|o n] vs x'gÚ\ , pgL elG5g\, … al' 4;fu/ sf] k': tsdf hGdynf] s} nfnLsf] uGw cfpF5, gog bfO{sf] k': tsdf ;f] Rb} g;f] r s ] f] : jfb kfOG5 .Ú

jiff{ lzjfsf] 6L

jiff{ lzjfsf] 6L

Crf zdf{

gogsf] n" / a'l4sf] s0ff{nL An"h pgnfO{ hlt k9] klg af] / gnfUg] k': ts x'g \ . Crf 3'dlkm/ / vfglkgdf ;f} lvg l5g\ . pgnfO{ ysfnL / g]jf/ L vfgff dg k5{ . pgnfO{ 3'dlkm/ df kf] v/ f uO/ xg dg nfU5 .

gfOF geGg" n–@ af6 lkmNd If] qdf k|j z ] u/ s ] L jiff{ lkmNd … kz'kltk|;fbÚ af6 bz{s;fd' … gf] l6: 8Ú ePsL x'g \ . : sn ' hLjgb] lv g} k9fO{d+ f ;w} + … km: 6Ú x'lGyg\ . Kn; 6'df klg km: 6 eOg\ . aLaLP k9\bfk9\b } clegodf nfu] sL pgL To;kl5 eg] km: 6 eOgg\ . k9fO / sfd b'j ; } uF } a9fpg r'gf} tLk'0f{ / x \of] . pgn] sf7df8f}s + f] Pk] S; sn] haf6 lalaP kf; ul/ g,\ clxn] df: 6/ cWoogsf] tof/ Ldf l5g\ . … ;fg} b l] v gfRg / ufpg x'?Ss} x'Gy] F . kfl/ jfl/ s hd36 xf] ;\ of s'g} sfo{qmd, d gflrxfNy] F. t/ , cleefjsn] eg] k9fOsf] lrGtf ;w} F ug{x' G' Yof] ,Ú pgn] elgg\, … afcfdf ;w} + k9fO klxnf] k|fyldstfdf x'gk' 5{ eGg'xG' Yof] . ha pgn] … gfOF geGg" n @Ú df clego ul/ g\ To;kl5 / fd|f ] k|ltlqmof kfOg\ . pgL aflx/ L k': ts cWoogdf klg ?rL / flV5g\ . lgs e'lhl;ssf] … lnld6n] ;M l8ef] ;G; km/ P l/ l8So'n;nL u'8 nfOkmÚ

pgnfO{ dgk/ s ] f] k': ts xf] . lgs zf/ Ll/ s ¿kdf czQm eP klg pgsf] n] vg k| /] 0ffbfoL 5 . h;n] hLjg lhpg l;sfpF5 .

3'dlkm/ df klg ?rL / fVg] pgnfO{ d': tfª c;fWo} dgk5{ .

/ Ldf ljZjsdf{ 6] lnlehg k|: tf] tf x'bF } lkmNddf k|j z ] u/ s ] L / Ldf k9Gt] df kl5{g . pgn] df; sDo"lgs] ;g PG8 hgf{lnHddf Aofrn/ u/ s ] L l5g\ . pgL sf] ;{ aflx/ sf k': ts klg k9\l5g\ . kfpnf] sf] x n ] f] pgsf lk|o n] vs . kfpnf] sf] … hflx/ Ú pgnfO{ dgk5{ . … cfkm" dlxnf ePsfn] klg xf] nf gf/ LjfbL k': tsn] 5'G5,Ú pgn] elgg\, … si[ 0f w/ faf;Lsf] pkGof; … / fwfÚ n] dg 5f] Psf] lyof] . kl5Nnf] ;do a'l4;fu/ klg dgk5{ . pxfFsf] … lkm/ lkm/ Ú] n ] 5f] Psf] lyof] .Ú cWoogafx] s 3'dlkm/ / vfglkgsL ;f} lvg x'g\ / Ldf . d': tfª / kf] v/ f v'a dg k5{ pgnfO{ . ljb] zdf O6fnL dgk¥of] . ca : k g] / dflNbE; 3'Dg] of] hgf 5 . vfglkgdf pgnfO{ lv/ ld7f] nfU5 .

s]sL clwsf/L / Ldf ljZjsdf{

62

63

/ +uLla/ +uL a] lgzf xdfn km/ s–km/ s rl/ qdf sfd ug{ ?rfpg] cleg] qL a] lgzfn] … : j/ Ú lkmNdaf6 8] Ao" u/ s ] L x'g \ . pgn] … sfnf] kf] yLÚ / … df] IfÚ af6 k|z; + f a6'lng\ . sf7df8f}s + f] sflGtk'/ sn] haf6 d] h/ Oª\ln; / df; sDo'lgs] ;gdf Aofrn/ u/ s ] L pgn] uf] N8] gu] 6 OG6/ g z ] gn sn] haf6 PdP u/ sL ] l5g\ . cWoogdf ?rL 5 . pgnfO{ klg kfpnf] sf] Pnf] lk|o nfU5 . … pxfFsf w] / } k': ts k9] sL 5' . To: t } ckmufgL n] vs vflnb x'; g] sf] … sfO6 / g/ Ú Psbd} dgk/ s ] f] k': ts xf] Ú , pgn] elgg\, … afndgf] lj1fgdf cfwfl/ t of] k': ts dnfO{ oyfy{k/ s nfU5 . oxL k': tsdfly kl5 lkmNd aGof] , lkmNd klg / fd|f ] lyof] . Ú

bLlksf k|;fO{+ lkmNd gu/ Ldf xfn} pbfPsL gflosf x'g\ bLlksf . lkmNd … P Z] jo{Ú df pgsf] clego / ;'Gb/ n'S;sf sf/ 0f w] / n } ] dg k/ fP . s] Pgs] sn] haf6 … ;f] l;on js{Ú ljifodf Aofrn/ u/ s ] L pgL olta] nf df: 6;{ km: 6 Oo/ df kl9/ x s ] L l5g\ . lqe'jg ljZjljBfno df: 6;{df klAns P8ldg] : 6 ; ]« g ljifo lnP/ kl9/ x s ] L 5g\ . km";b{ df k': ts k9\g ?rfpg] pgL

bLlksf . vfgfdf gd{n bfneft / t/ sf/ L eP k'U5 pgnfO{ . vfhfdf l;Hn/ / k|mfO8 dMd dg k/ fpFl5g\ . clg cfO;lqmd v'a ?rfpFl5g\ .

lk|os + f sfsL{

a] lgzf xdfn

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Jo: t lk|os + f klg lzlIft cleg] qLsf] ;'rLdf kl5{g \ . / ftf] a+unfdf P n] ensf] sf] ;{ ;s] kl5 pgL s] xL jif{cl3 … lkmNd d] lsªÚ k9\g cd] l/ sf k'lug\ . ^ jif{;Dd cd] / Lsfsf] cWoogn] w] / } s'/ f l;sfPsf] pgL atfpFl5g\ . )^# ;fndf P;Pn;L lbPsL lk|os + f : s'nsL cAan ljBfyL{ lyOg\ . cWoog, 3'dlkm/ / vfglkgdf pgL ;f} lvg l5g\ .

pkGof;sL kf/ vL x'g \ . To;dfly klg kfpnf] sf] Onf] / r] tg eutsf k': ts v'a k9\ l5g\ . … eutsf pkGof; oyfy{k/ s x'G5g\, jf: tljs hLjgdf l/ n 6] ug] { vfnsf] x'G5Ú , pgn] elgg\ .

3'dlkm/ df pgsf] vf;} ?rL 5} g . … d 6«fen/ g} t xf] Og t/ emfkf 3'Dg dg 5 . emfkf d] / f ] cf]l/ lhgn 7fpF xf] t/ d uPsf] 5} gÚ\ pgn] elgg\ . vfglkgsf] klg vf;} zf} lsg xf] Ogg\

Bhadrapur | Yumes Satyal

My 21 days baby_ready to fly to Simara | Sushovit Ranjitkar

Bhadrapur to Kathmandu | Krishna Pandey

Photo Session | Ayush Nepal

#Biratnagar Airport | Dr Asia Alder

Biratnagar to KTM| Sandarbha Poudel

lk|o+sf sfsL{

Best Photo bLlksf k|;fO {+

64

My family | Basanta Raj Gautam

After marriage going with Buddha Air | Jayanti Prabesh Acharya

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