Yatra Magazine July 2006 | Buddha Air by Buddha Air Pvt. Ltd.

With Best Compliments From

K.M. Dastur

REINSURANCE BROKERS PRIVATE LIMITED

Insurance and Reinsurance Specialist Brokerage Services

Regd. Office : Cambata Building 42 Maharshi Karve Road

Mumbai 400 020.

Tel : Fax : E-mail :

91-22-2285 5855 91-22-2204 0085 kmd@kmdastur.com

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ljifo ;"rL Golden Age=================================================================== 7

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Babylon Garden===================================================== 11

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Photo Feature: Muktinath================================ 19

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Michael Schumacher Page -9

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1.Why is the flight now a day delayed?

3 Why don’t you have a 24-hour emergency mobile number?

Rajendra prasad, Kathmandu

Dr.S.K Shrestha, Kathmandu

Ans: Mostly our flights are delayed during the winter

Ans: Thank you for your suggestion we will see what

season due to fog and visibility at the airport or during the

we can do to make it easier for our valued customers.

monsoon or pre monsoon season. Sometimes due to technical aspects the departure time may differ, as Buddha Air

Buddha Yatra is a fine magazine, but try to include in-

does not compromise with safety.

teresting articles on health.

Questions/Answers/Comments

Dhurba Chitrakar, Kathmandu.

2.Why is it impossible to get through your reservation?

Dhruba Chitrakar, Kathmandu.

The magazine seems to cover a lot of interesting

things. …Keep it up.

Ans: There are frequent complain regarding the hunt-

Anil Neupane, Lainchor.

ing line of our reservation. Considering the requirements of our clients we have added 5 more hunting

Buddha Yatra is getting more & more

lines as well as connected the reservation to our sales

beneficial to passangers.At least we can read

counter at Hattisar and Sinamangal.

more interesting articles. Janak .k. Adhikari, Kuleswor.

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July-Sept 2006

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7"nf] hxfh lsGg] nIo lnPsf 5f}+ .

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July-Sept 2006

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t/fO{jf;L Po/xf]:6]h

a'4 Po®sf] ofqfel® Po® xf]:6]hn] w]®} ®fd|f] x]®rfx u®]sf]df wGojfb lbg rfxG5' . t/ klg t/fO{sf dfG5]n] g]kfnL efiff a'em\g sl7g x'gx] b“' f t®fO{efifL alxgLx¿nfO{ a'4 Po®n] Po® xf]:6]h agfpg] sfd u®f];\ eGg] ;'emfj lbg rfxG5' . ofqfsf] nflu z'esfdgf /hlgzs'df/ kf08]o, cWoIf dxf]Q®L lhNnf lqms]6 ;+3

rfvnfUbf] kl®of]hgf

a'4 Po®n] df]®ª lhNnfdf ;~rfng u®]sf] kl®of]hgf rfvnfUbf] nfUof] . o:tf kl/of]hgf cGo If]qlt/ klg ;~rfng ug'k{ ¥of] . a'4 Po®n] g]kfnleq afx]s sDtLdf ef®t;Dd p8fg u®] ®fd|f] x'g] lyof] . ;'bLk h}g ;xof]udfu{, cgfdgu®

;RofOPsf] c+s ( df jl/i7 kqsf/ w|j' xl/ clwsf®Lsf] ;+:d/0f …jftf{df cfwfl/tÚ pNn]v ug{ 5'6s ] f]df ;RofOPsf] 5 . — ;Dkfbs

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a'4 Po/n] ljb]zdf klg p8fg ug]{ ;f]rfO agfPsf] 5.

;jfn÷hjfkm

cln 7"nf hxfh lsGg] xf]Og <

hxfhsf] t'ngfdf a'4 Po®nfO{ d}n] ;'®lIft tyf ljZjfl;nf] 7fg]sf] 5' . afnrGb| emf, sf6{/ ;]G6®, rknLufp“

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s]6fs]6Lsf] xsdf !@ jif{ pd]/;Ddsf nflu xfdLn] ## k|ltzt ef8f 5'6 lbO/x]sf 5f}+ . a"9fa"9Lsf af/]df klg xfdL ;sf/fTds 5f}+ .

Social Service

uddha Air has always been committed to corporate social responsibility.

In order to fulfill the commitment Buddha Air has granted Community Development and Research Centre (CDRC), an NGO, to implement the Smallholder Agribusiness Support (SABS) project in Tankisinwari and Hattimuda VDC of Morang district since January 2005. With the technical support from CDRC smallscale farmers of the project area have not only been successful in transforming from subsistence to commercial farming but also able to capture more benefit from the product by involving in the marketing of farm produce. The following depicts the some features of the efforts of Buddha Air in collaboration with CDRC to improve the livelihoods of the resource poor farmers.

Marketing Cooperative With the objective of increasing the access to marketing of agro-commodity by producer smallholder farmers for capturing more profit margin, 14 farmer groups of SABS project have been recently federated to a 'Tankisinwari Agrocommodity Marketing Cooperative Ltd.'. While asking about the newly established cooperative, Lokendra Karki, Executive

Buddha Air & Farmers

Chairman of CDRC said â&#x20AC;&#x201C; " In the present context of open and competitive environment, farmers are getting much lower

from small-scale farmers. Farmer can im-

been implementing the gGrain Bank and

price of their produce mostly due to the

mediately obtain near about present val-

become able to retain more net benefit

involvement of a lot of intermediaries in

ue of stored grain. Later the small farmers

The task of implementing concept

the marketing of the agro-commodity.

can obtain additional benefits after selling

of grain bank for the first time was not

The cooperative has been formed as the

grain at the time when the price becomes

easy, however, the persistent efforts of

project envisages the urgency to organize

high. It is considered as cereal grain bank

farmers to be united for mutual benefit

farmers for increasing their access to pro-

as it functions as bank by accepting ce-

have facilitated the process. The farmers

cessing and marketing of their produce,

real grain as mortgage and also provide

of the 14 farmers groups of Tankisinwari

which now has not only been successful

collateral free advance loan of agricul-

and Hattimuda VDC has been organized

in capturing more net benefit to the pro-

tural inputs at low interest rate prior to

and formed a

ducer farmers but also able to increase

cultivate a crop for the duration of crop

modity Marketing Cooperative (TAMCO)

the sense of cooperation and mutual sup-

period. The major role of the grain bank

Ltd. The member farmer received quality

port among them".

is to safeguard the farmers from both lo-

seeds and fertilizer at lower interest rate

cal moneylenders and middlemen and in-

as collateral free advance loan. Besides,

crease the net return to the farmers. With

necessary training and technical support

'Grain bank' is a community owned

the technical support from SABS project

has also been provided. Farmers orga-

and managed storage, which purchases

of CDRC, farmers of Tankisinwari and

nized various interactions and workshops

cereal grains or accepts grain mortgages

Hattimuda VDC of Morang district have

in order to develop rules and regulation

Grain Bank

' Tankisinwari Agro-com-

a'4

ofqf

July-Sept 2006

Social Service

and standard operating system for grain

inquire about the grain bank. Considering

marketing training and regular technical

bank. According to the by-laws for regu-

the maximum utilization of financial re-

support, we have not only successful in

lating the grain bank different sub com-

sources of different farmer groups of the

increasing food and seed sufficiency in

mittees have been formed for completing

terai region to capture more net benefit

our area but also able to retain more net

different tasks.

to the producer farmer, we have planned

benefit from seed marketing"

After harvesting, instead of selling

to organize training workshop to assist in

the paddy to the local middlemen, farm-

promotion of Grain Bank for wider adop-

ers brought it to the warehouse of their

tion by resource poor farmers.

cooperative where the quality controller,

Saving and Credit Realizing that today's saving would be tomorrow's great relief, farmers of

a farmer, checked the sample and ap-

Seed Production and Marketing

Tankisinwari and Hattimuda VDC of Mo-

proved for weighing. In this way about

For years, farmers of Tankisinwari

rang district of SABS project has started

40 tons of paddy was stored in the coop-

and Hattimuda VDC of Morang district

regular group saving and benefited a lot

erative storage. Farmers repaid paddy as

had problem of not getting quality im-

by properly utilizing the saving amount.

loan and also took some cash loan at lower

proved seeds during the farming season.

All 351 members of 14 farmer groups save

interest rate. After four months, about 50

But, this time the farmers of the region

certain amount of money on a monthly

percent of the stored grain have been sold

have not only been able to produce qual-

basis. They have made own by-laws for

in the wholesale market from which farm-

ity-improved seeds for themselves but

the mobilization of saving amount. The

ers have been able to retain 25 percent

also became successful in getting net re-

loan lending system is so developed that

more benefit. The profit, thus obtained

turn from the seed production. . All this

any member farmer can easily receive the

has been redistributed to the producer

has happened due to the technical sup-

collateral free loan without rigorous pa-

farmers. Similarly, in this season farmers

port of CDRC.

perwork at the lower interest rate. Despite

have stored about 21 tons of wheat.

The seed producer farmers has

such flexible and easy lending system, the

Bha-

produced certified –1 standard of new

rate of repayment is 100 percent. Total

wani Commercial Farmer Group remarks

improved 'Gautam' variety of wheat.

saving of those groups has reached Rs.

– " Due to the financial problem, tenant

Similarly, the producer farmers also have

174,000 and about 70 percent of which

farmers like us always had no other op-

been involved in producing newly recom-

have been mobilized in various income

tion except buying seed and fertilizer in

mended varieties of Green Gram; 'Prat-

generation activities.

loan at exorbitant interest rate from the

ichhya' and 'Kalyan', and pipeline variety

" From this season we are becoming

local businessmen. But this time, due to

NM92 . Similarly, farmers have planned

financially capable of lending many of the

the establishment of grain bank under

to produce paddy seeds of Kanchhi Masu-

farming expenses of our members at only

producer cooperative, we need not sell

li, Radha–12 and newly released 'Mithila'

12 percent per annum interest rate

the paddy immediately after harvesting

and 'Ram' varieties. Considering the en-

said Somraj Kaphle, a leader farmer. Simi-

at lower price. Consequently, we are now

thusiasm of farmers CDRC has planned to

larly, while asking about the importance

being emancipated from both the middle-

grant seed processing machine.

of saving, Kunti Majhi, a leader women

Basant

Khawas,

secretary,

men and exorbitant interest of local mon-

"–

" We are now able to produce and

farmer replied - " involving in a regular

make available quality seed grains at rea-

saving is adding a brick for construction

Similarly, Lokendra Karki , Execu-

sonable price to the farmers of our and ad-

of a beautiful building for tomorrow".

tive Chairman, CDRC emphasized – " En-

joining villages" – Ugra Narayan Bishwas,

Noticing all these, we realized that with

couraging result of first season has now

a seed producer farmer remarked. Simi-

the financial support from Buddha Air,

able to drag the attention of

different

larly Krishna K.C., a seed producer farmer

SABS project implemented by CDRC, has

farmers of other re-

said- ."We were not confident about the

not only benefited financially to the rural

gions too. As a result, farmers of different

possibility of task of seed production by

resource poor farmers but also increased

regions have come to the project office to

ourselves. But after seed production and

eylenders. "

stakeholders and

awareness among the women farmers. w

HISTORY

he Khmer Rouge which was a Com-

from the Khmer Rouge were mostly from

demnation, Saloth Sar and the company

munist organization that ruled

the middle class families, who had been

lived among the Khmer Leoun, the tribal

Cambodian from 1975 to 1979.

educated at French universities, and the

pariahs, which were very accommodating,

The official name was the Communist

majority fighters were from poor families

left such an impression that Saloth Sar

Party of Cambodia. The Khmer Rouge re-

and many were conscripted. In the early

considered them pure this kind of purity

gime is mostly remembered for the kill-

years the Khmer Rouge was funded by

was then adopted to the ideology. Accord-

ings of its people, which are estimated to

Vietnam who supplied them with small

ing to the Khmer Rouge's supporters this

be 1.7 million, through execution, starva-

arms, explosives and military weapons, by

required forcibly evacuating the cities

tion, and forced labour. It was one of the

the 1980's they got support from China

to the countryside so that people could

most violent regimes of the 20th century

and had approximately 8,000 guerillas.

become self-sufficient .In fact the motive

often compared with the regimes of Adolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin. In terms of the

Political ideology

behind the evacuation was ideologically reflected in the Maoist doctrine, which

number of people killed as a proportion

The ideology of the Khmer Rouge

the Khmer Rouge followed, which praised

of the population of the country it ruled

combined an extreme, somewhat revised

the rural peasants and detested the urban

and time in power, it was probably the

form of Maoism with the anti-colonialist

city dwellers.

most lethal regime of the 20th century.

ideas of the European Left, which its lead-

The Khmer Rouge was founded in the

ers had acquired during their education

1960's and from the mid 60's it started

in French universities in the 1950's. Once

In 1970 Cambodia's neutralist ruler

conducting low-level insurgency along

in Cambodia, the Khmer Rouge was hard

Prince Norodom Sihanouk, was deposed

the Vietnamese border.

Rise of the Khmer Rouge

pressed to find any international support,

while out of the country by a coup, which

The leadership of the Khmer Rouge

this led to the standard of self-sufficiency.

brought General Lon No1 to power. With

was largely unchanged between the

While in hiding in the Ratanakari jungles

American financial support, Lon No1 at-

1960's and the mid-1990's. The leaders

from Prince Sihanouk and Lon No1's con-

tempted to fight the Vietnamese Com-

THE

KILLING FIELDS n

Nishit Rizal

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July-Sept 2006

HISTORY

Fall of the Khmer Rouge

munist and the Khmer Rouge. American

professionals, intellectuals as well as or-

bombing in Cambodia and the subsequent

dinary Khmer people who breached their

Cambodian causalities made Lon No1's

rules.

government unpopular and this gave way

Christians, Muslims and the Buddhist

refugees

for the Khmer Rouge to grow, particularly

monkhood were also targets of persecu-

troops

in the countryside. By the 1973 they con-

tion. Since China was the Khmer Rouge

Phnom Penh

trolled majority of Cambodian territory,

regime's only diplomatic ally,the Chinese

disposing the Khmer Rouge regime.

although only a minority of its popula-

community was not molested ,but many

Dispite Cambodian's fear of Vietamese

tion. When the U.S government suspend-

Chinese left the country because of the

domination, the Vietnames invaders were

ed funds for bombing the Khmer Rough

suppression of private business.

assisted by widespread defections of

position and limited aid to Cambodia in 1973 ,the Khmer Rough made sweeping gains in the country .On April 17th ,1975 the Khmer Rough captured Phnom Penh.

The Khmer Rough in power

Ethnic Vietnamese, Cambodian

In December 1978, after several years of border conflict and into

Vietnam

invaded

Cambodia

flood of

,Vietnamese ,capturing

on january 7 ,1979 and

Khmer Rouge activists,who formed a core

Killing and torture

of the post -Khmer Rouge government. The Khmer Rouge, still led by Pol

The exact number of people who

Pot and the most militarily capable of the

died as a result of the Khmer Rouge's pol-

three rebel groups, received extensive

icies is debated.The Vietnamese regime

military aid from China and intelligence

that succeeded the Khmer Rouge claimed

from the Thai military.

The Khamer Rouge attempted to

that 3.3 million had died .The CIA esti-

While eastern and central Cambodia

turn Cambodia into a classless society

mate that between 50,000 to 100,000

were firmly under the control of Vietnam

by depopulating cities and forcing the

people were executed by the Khmer

and its Cambodian allies by 1980, western

urban population into agricultural com-

Rouge , but executions represent only a

part of the country continued to be a

munes. The entire population was forced

minority of the death toll ,which mostly

battlefield till the 1980s,with millions of

to become farmers in labour camps. Dur-

came from starvation.

landmines across the countryside. Pol Pot

ing their four years in power, the Khmer Rouge

overworked

and

starved

the

When the Khmer Rouge captured Phnom Penh they

told the residents

relinquished his Khmer Rouge leadership post to Khieu Samphan in 1985.After

population, at the same time executing

that they would look after their houses

selected groups (including intellectuals)

until they return but most of them did

Cambodian political factions signed a

decade

inconclusive

conflict,all

and killing many others for even minor

not return to see their family ,most of

treaty in 1991 calling for elections and

breaches of rules. The Khmer language

them were taken to the fields to work

disarmament. But in 1992 the Khmer

has a complex system of usages to define

where they had to produce three tons of

Rouge resumed fighting and the following

speakers' rank and social status. During

rice per hectare;before the Khmer Rouge

year they rejected the results of the

the rule of the Khmer Rouge, these usages

era the average was one ton per hect-

elections.

were abandoned. People were however,

are.The Khmer Rouge forced people to

There was a mass defection in 1996

encouraged to call each other 'friend', or

workfor 12 hours non- stop, without ad-

when around half the remaining soldiers

'comrade' and to avoid traditional signs

equate rest or food.They did not believe

(about 4,000) left. Factional fighting in

of deference such as bowing or folding

in western medicine but instead favored

1997 led to Pol Pot's and imprisonment

the hands in salutation.

the traditional peasant medicine,many

by the Khmer Rouge itself. Pol Pot died in

The Khmer Rouge regime arrested,

died as a result.Family relationship were

April 1998, the remaining leaders of the

tortured and eventually executed anyone

also banned,and family members could

Khmer Rouge apologised for the deaths

suspected of connections witht he former

be put to death for communicating with

in the 1970s. By 1999 most members had

government or with foreign governments,

each other.

surrendered, or been captured. w

The Standing Committee of the Khmer Rough 1. Pol Pot: also known as "Brother number1" and was the main leader of the movement and was the General Secretary from February 1963 until his death in April 15 1998. 2. Nuon Chea was "Brother number 2" Prime Minister ….alive. 3. Ieng Sary was "Brother number 3" Deputy Prime Minister… alive. 4. Khieu Samphan: President, … alive.

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July-Sept 2006

5. Ta Mok "Brother number 7" was the last leader of the southwest Regional… alive. 6. Son Sen was the Defense Minister… dead. 7. Yun Yat … dead. 8. Ke Pauk "Brother number 13" former secretary of the Northern Zone… dead. 9. Ieng Thirith … alive.

Aviation history

The

Golden Age T

he Wrights first became interested

flight in a heavier-than-air machine. After

capability of the plane, ordered a special-

in flight after they began reading

their success the Wright Brothers tried to

ized plane for 30,000 dollars. The world's

of Lilienthal's gliding flights in

sell their design to other governments.

first military plane was for use in the

Germany. Upon his death they vowed to

Since the brothers never made an official

Army Signal Corps. In November 1909,

continue his progress. The Wright Broth-

and public flight the governments were not

a group of wealthy Americans loaned the

ers began flying gliders near Kitty Hawk,

about to spend on something they didn't

Wright brothers money to start their own

North Carolina. For 4 years they made

even know that worked. The first person

plant. They started the Wright Company,

1000 successful gliding flights on those

to fly as a passenger was Leon Delagrange,

which quickly became the leading sup-

dunes. Unable to find an engine manu-

who rode with French pilot Henri Farman

plier of military planes. Later Wilbur died

facturer to meet their specifications of 8

from a meadow outside of Paris in 1908.

of typhoid in 1912, and Orville sold his

horsepower and engine weight of less than

Charles Furnas became the first American

portion out in 1915 to Eastern investors.

200 pounds, they decided to design and

airplane passenger when he flew with Or-

build their own engine. Aided by their bi-

ville Wright at Kitty Hawk later that year.

First scheduled air service

Early Aircraft Companies

in Florida on Jan. 1, 1914. Glenn Curtiss

cycle mechanic Charlie Taylor, they were able to build an engine that produced 12

The first scheduled air service began

horsepower. With the engine built, they

In 1905 Charles and Gabriel Voisin

had designed a plane that could take off

then faced the problem of how to build

started the world's first aircraft compa-

and land on water and thus could be built

a propeller since very little was known

ny. They two French fliers set up a fac-

larger than any plane to date because it

on the subject. Surprisingly, with their

tory outside of Paris to build the custom

did not need the heavy undercarriage

previously collected wing data, they were

planes. This was the first of many Euro-

required for landing on hard ground.

able to build accurately the engine pro-

pean companies to start.

Thomas Benoist, an auto parts maker,

pellers. Using the basic airframe of their

Glenn Curtiss in Hammondsport,

decided to build such a flying boat, or

1902 Glider, the Kitty Hawk Flyer was

New York founded the first US airplane

seaplane, built for a service across Tampa

born. After numerous improvements, and

company. This company made the first

Bay called the St. Petersburg-Tampa Air

studying how birds fly they were ready to

commerical airplane sale to the Aeronau-

Boat Line. His first passenger was ex-St.

test the Flyer out. They flipped a coin, and

tic Society of New York for 5,000 dollars.

Petersburg Mayor A.C. Pheil, who made

Wilbur won. They tested the Flyer, but the

In 1909, two other American air-

the 18-mile trip in 23 minutes, a consider-

plane crashed after a wing dipped down.

plane companies were formed. The Wright

able improvement over the two-hour trip

On December 17, 1903 it was Orville's

brotherâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s established one, and Glenn Mar-

by boat or 12-hour trip by rail between

turn, which resulted in a 120-foot, 12-sec-

tin formed another. The Wright broth-

the two cities. The single-plane service ac-

ond flight at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina.

ers had their first official public flight in

commodated one passenger at a time, and

The aircraft represented the first powered

1908. The US government, amazed by the

the company charged a one-way fare of

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July-Sept 2006

$5. After operating two flights a day for four months

small airlines, but they often failed after only a few

and carrying a total of 1,205 passengers, the company

months of service. Americans viewed air travel as a

folded with the end of the winter tourist season.

dangerous sport, not a safe means of transportation.

These and other early flights were headline events, but commercial aviation was very slow to

Charles Lindbergh

catch on with the general public, most of which was

Slightly before 8 a.m. on May 21, 1927, a young

afraid to fly in the new flying machines. Improve-

pilot named Charles Lindbergh set out on an historic

ments in aircraft design also were slow. However,

flight across the Atlantic Ocean, from New York to

with the World War I, the military value of aircraft

Paris. It was the first continent-to- continent non-stop

was quickly recognized and production increased sig-

flight in an airplane, and its effect on both Lindbergh

nificantly to meet the rising demand for planes from

and aviation was enormous. Lindbergh became an in-

governments. Most significant was the development

stant American hero. Aviation became a more estab-

of more powerful motors, enabling aircraft to reach

lished industry, attracting millions of private invest-

speeds of up to 130 mph, more than twice the speed

ment dollars almost overnight as well as the imagina-

of pre-war aircraft. Increased power also made bigger

tion and support of millions of Americans.

aircraft possible.

The pilot that sparked all of this attention had

On the other hand, the war was bad for com-

dropped out of engineering school at the University

mercial aviation in several ways. It focused all design

of Wisconsin to learn how to fly. He became a barn-

and production efforts on building military aircraft.

stormer, doing aerial shows across the country, and

In the public's mind, flying became almost totally as-

eventually joined the Robertson Aircraft Corporation

sociated with bombing runs, surveillance, and aerial

to transport mail between St. Louis and Chicago.

dog fights. In addition, there was such a large surplus

In planning his transatlantic voyage, Lindbergh

of planes at the end of the war that the demand for

daringly decided to fly by himself, without a naviga-

new production was almost non-existent for several

tor, so he could carry more fuel. His plane, the Spirit

years. As a result, many aircraft builders went bank-

of St. Louis, was slightly less than 28 feet in length,

rupt. Some European countries such as Great Britain

with a wingspan of 46 feet, and it carried 450 gal-

and France helped commercial aviation by starting air

lons of gasoline that comprised half its takeoff weight.

service over the English Channel. However, nothing

There was too little room in the cockpit for navigating

similar occurred in the United States where there were

by the stars, so Lindbergh flew by dead reckoning. He

no such natural obstacles isolating major cities and

divided maps from his local library into 33 100-mile

where railroads could transport people almost as fast

segments, noting the heading he would follow as he

as an airplane, and in considerably more comfort.

flew each segment. When he first sighted the coast of

Airline Growth

Ireland, he was almost exactly on the route he had plotted, and he landed several hours later with 80 gal-

With the surplus of planes left after World War

lons of fuel to spare. The trip took an exhausting 33

I, thousands of military planes were converted to ci-

1/2 hours, but he managed to keep awake by sticking

vilian use. In 1919, bombers were being converted in

his head out the window to inhale cold air, by holding

Europe to form over twenty small new airlines. The

his eyelids open, and by constantly reminding him-

first regular international airline service was started

self that if he fell asleep he would perish. In addition,

by one of those. The company setup by Henry and

he had a slight instability built into his airplane that

Maurice Farman used old Farman bombers to make

helped keep him focused and awake.

weekly flights between Paris and Brussels.

Lindbergh landed at Le Bourget outside of Paris

By 1917, there were seventeen regularly operat-

at 10:24 p.m. Paris time on May 22. Word of his flight

ing airlines in Europe, Africa, Australian, and South

had preceded him and a large crowd of Parisians

America. Some airlines from that era that are still op-

rushed out to the airfield to see him and his little

erating include: Royal Dutch Airlines (KLM), SABENA

plane. There was no question about the magnitude

World Airlines, Lufthansa, and Qantas. In the '20s

of what he had accomplished. The air age had ar-

American aviation was quite slow. There were a few

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July-Sept 2006

rived.w

Sports

Michael Schumacher M

ichael Schumacher started out his racing career in the same way as all the great drivers, in karting.

At four years old his father built him a kart and soon

after enrolled him in the local kart club Kerpen Horrom. Michael's problem was that in Germany the regulations stated the minimum permissible age to obtain a kart license was 14. To get around this he obtained a Luxembourg license (obtainable from the age of 12). However in 1983 he obtained his German license and the year after he won the German Junior Kart Championship. From 1985 Schumacher drove for Eurokart dealer Adolf Neubert and once again took the title. In 1989 Michael signed with Willi Weber, whose team WTS he would drive for during 1989 and 1990 in the Formula 3 Championship. Weber paid the costs for both seasons .In the 1989 season Karl Wend linger was champion, with Michael finishing 3rd behind Heinz-Harald Frentzen. During 1990 and 1991 Schumacher moved into sports car racing, instead of the more usual step up to Formula 3000. Many managers believed this would block his progression to Formula 1, but Weber believed that exposure to professional press conferences and dealing with the cars of 700bhp would be beneficial. The Belgian Grand Prix of 1991 at Spa was Michael's debut in the world's top racing series. His lucky break came as a result of Bertrand

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July-Sept 2006

Sports

and Belgian Grands Prix. Michael was also

With Damon Hill being dumped from

put under a two-race ban during the Ital-

Williams in 1997, Michael's main rival be-

ian and Portuguese GP that year. The race

came former CART champion Jacques Vil-

bans were a result of not responding to

leneuve. The Ferrari was more reliable and

a black flag at Silver stone that year. In-

a somewhat less than spectacular early

stead of coming in, he continued and won

season for Villeneuve allowed Michael to

the race - the team had hoped that a later

provide a challenge. He took 5 GP wins and

appeal would overturn his disqualifica-

at the last race of the season Michael was

tion and hence keep the victory he ob-

ahead in the championship by just one

tained. The disqualification was a result

point. Mid way through leading the race

of Michael overtaking Damon Hill on the

in Jerez, Schumacher's lap times began to

parade lap, a seemingly psychological ma-

drop off and concern was raised about the

noeuvre. In a controversial last round at

condition of his car. As Villeneuve came

the Australian GP Michael entered leading

to pass on a corner, Michael turned in on

Damon Hill by one point. On the 36th lap

him. His wheel banged the Canadian's side

Schumacher made an unbecoming mis-

pod but the Williams seemed undamaged.

take and banged the wall, damaging his

Michael wound up in a gravel trap and was

rear suspension. He made it back on the

out of the race, with Villeneuve finishing

track and as Damon Hill came to pass him

third to take the title. In a decision by the

on the next corner, Michael turned in on

FIA Schumacher was disqualified from the

the Williams car. Hill's front suspension

whole of the season as punishment for his

was badly damaged and both cars were

manoeuvre in that race.

out of the race. Hence Michael gained the Gachot being imprisoned for spraying

crown.

In 1998 the McLaren's dominating the season convincingly and Michael

CS gas into a London taxi driver's face.

The 1995 season was just as success-

was the only driver to come near them

Qualifying 7th, he unfortunately retired

ful. Schumacher now had Renault power,

to provide a challenge. With the Ferrari

on the first lap from this race with clutch

to match the Williams and he dominated

improving significantly throughput the

failure of his Jordan-Ford. Although Ed-

the season. It was marred however by

season and being particularly faster in the

die Jordan wished to sign Michael to the

several collisions between himself and

second half, Michael gained 6 wins and 5

team, Schumacher was advised by Weber

Hill. In a particularly stupid overtaking

other podiums. With the later outlawed

to act cautiously, as Jordan was to use

manoeuvre Hill took them both out of the

mini sidepod wings the Ferrari's took an

factory Yamaha power the following year.

British GP near the start of the race. Hav-

historic 1-2 at the Italian GP at Imola that

They suspected this engine might prove

ing taken 9 GP wins, Michael finished the

year.

to be second-class and they were proved

season to take his second Championship.

Michael's accident at the British GP

correct.

The 1996 season saw Michael move to

in 1999 killed his chances of taking the

Subsequent to this Michael moved

Ferrari with a reported salary of $30 mil-

title. Prior to that it looked very prob-

to the Benetton team, replacing Roberto

lion He stated the need for a new chal-

able that he would take it. Looking back

Moreno. He competed in five grand prix

lenge as his reasoning, it being to return

on the season and the relative perfor-

that season with Nelson Piquet as team-

Ferrari to the pinnacle of motor sport. Ed-

mances of McLaren and Ferrari it seems

mate. In 1992 Schumacher was partnered

die Irvine moved from Jordan to become

likely he would have done so. The fact

with Martin Brundle and his first victory

his teammate in the same year. The Fer-

that Irvine was so close to Hakkinen in

was 1 year after his debut at Spa. Dur-

rari F310 car had poor handling and it

the championship at the end, surely in-

ing 1993 Ricardo Patrese partnered Mi-

was a testament to Michael's ability that

dicates that Schumacher would have had

chael, that being Patrese's last year in F1.

he managed to gain three wins. One of his

it wrapped up long before, had he been

Michael's second win came at the 1993

wins, at the Spanish GP of that year was a

able to compete. However he returned

Portuguese GP.

wet race and is regarded as one of the best

to drive the second two races of the sea-

In the 1994 season with an under-

drives ever. His method of attaining time

son and astounded the paddock with his

powered Ford Zetec V8 he took his first

from the car resulted in somewhat flam-

speed, leaving the pack behind. Excuses

Driver's Championship, after the death

boyant and uncharacteristic driving, with

from drivers such as Coulthard and Irvine

of Ayrton Senna at Imola. It came after

over steering etal. With a lack of competi-

included that he'd had a nice rest at home

a season of several run-ins with the FIA

tors Hill finally managed to take the world

and they were tired out after a full season

and he was disqualified from the British

championship.

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July-Sept 2006

of races.w

The Hanging Garden of Babylon T

he approach to the Garden sloped like a hillside and the sev-

Nebuchadnezzar II is credited for building the legendary Hanging

eral parts of the structure rose from one another tier on tier...

Gardens. It is said that the Gardens were built by Nebuchadnez-

On all this, the earth had been piled... and was thickly planted

zar to please his wife or concubine who had been "brought up in

with trees of every kind that, by their great size and other charm,

Media and had a passion for mountain surroundings".

gave pleasure to the beholder... The water machines raised the

While the most descriptive accounts of the Gardens come

water in great abundance from the river, although no one outside

from Greek historians such as Berossus and Diodorus Siculus,

could see it.

Babylonian records stay silent on the matter. Tablets from the

Fruits and flowers... Waterfalls... Gardens hanging from

time of Nebuchadnezzar do not have a single reference to the

the palace terraces... Exotic animals... This is the picture of the

Hanging Gardens, although descriptions of his palace, the city of

Hanging Gardens of Babylon in most people's minds. It may be

Babylon, and the walls are found. Even the historians who give

surprising to know that they might have never existed except in

detailed descriptions of the Hanging Gardens never saw them.

the minds of Greek poets and historians! Situated on the east

Modern historians argue that when Alexander's soldiers reached

bank of the River Euphrates, about 50 km south of Baghdad, Iraq

the fertile land of Mesopotamia and saw Babylon, they were im-

the Babylonian kingdom flourished under the rule of the famous

pressed. When they later returned to their rugged homeland,

King, Hammurabi (1792-1750 BC). It was not until the reign of

they had stories to tell about the amazing gardens and palm trees

Naboplashar (625-605 BC) of the Neo-Babylonian dynasty that

at Mesopotamia. About the palace of Nebuchadnezzar. About the

the Mesopotamian civilization reached its ultimate glory. His son,

Tower of Babel and the ziggurats and it was the imagination of

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July-Sept 2006

WONDERS

poets and ancient historians that blended all these elements to-

nels... These waters irrigate the whole garden saturating the roots

gether to produce one of the World Wonders.

of plants and keeping the whole area moist. Hence the grass is

It wasn't until the twentieth century that some of the mys-

permanently green and the leaves of trees grow firmly attached

teries surrounding the Hanging Gardens were revealed. Archae-

to supple branches... This is a work of art of royal luxury and its

ologists are still struggling to gather enough evidence before

most striking feature is that the labor of cultivation is suspended

reaching the final conclusions about the

above the heads of the spectators.

location of the Gardens, their irrigation

More recent archaeological excava-

system, and their true appearance. Some

tions at the ancient city of Babylon in Iraq

recent researchers even suggest that the

uncovered the foundation of the palace.

Hanging Gardens were built by Senaherib,

Other findings include the Vaulted Building

not by Nebuchadnezzar II (100 years ear-

with thick walls and irrigation well near the

lier).

southern palace. A group of archaeologists Detailed descriptions of the Gardens

surveyed the area of the southern palace

come from ancient Greek sources, includ-

and reconstructed the Vaulted Building as

ing the writings of Strabo and Philo of Byz-

the Hanging Gardens. However, the Greek

antium. The Garden is quadrangular, and

historian Strabo had stated that the gar-

each side is four plethra long. It consists of

dens were situated by the River Euphrates.

arched vaults which are located on check-

So others argue that the site is too far from

ered cube-like foundations.. The ascent of

the Euphrates to support the theory since

the uppermost terrace-roofs is made by a

the Vaulted Building is several hundreds of

stairway

meters away. They reconstructed the site of

The Hanging Garden has plants cul-

the palace and located the Gardens in the

tivated above ground level, and the roots

area stretching from the River to the Palace.

of the trees are embedded in an upper terrace rather than in the

On the river banks, recently discovered massive walls 25 m thick

earth. The whole mass is supported on stone columns... Streams

may have been stepped to form terraces... the ones described in

of water emerging from elevated sources flow down sloping chan-

Greek references. w

QUALITECH SCAN

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Trafficking of Women & Children-II A serious threat to humanity in Nepal || Monica Rizal Lama Innocent women and children could

voluntarily to the city from the villages

It is found essential to differentiate

be trafficked and forced into prostitution.

for economic reasons and for their own

between prostitution and trafficking, as,

In other cases women may enter prostitu-

survival. Then they are trafficked from the

many laws, policies and interventions in

tion out of choice and conscious decision

city across the border with false promises

Nepal limit the definition of trafficking

making. However, they are often ignorant

of a better life and higher income earning

to only those acts involving prostitution.

of their rights and often face gross viola-

opportunities. A line between trafficking

While trafficking is a repulsive crime,

tion rights at their work place. Most wom-

and migration has to be drawn. Here it

there still is controversy whether pros-

en in sex work suffer from rights abuses

must be understood that while all traffick-

titution should be legally recognized or

and abusive working conditions and de-

ing involves migration, not all migration

not. Such action denies protection and

serve protection. The debate continues

is trafficking. Many women voluntarily

assistance to the large number of per-

and the Anti Trafficking Bill of Nepal is

choose to migrate. If such migration is

sons trafficked for other purposes such

also in the process of amendment to be

not accompanied by coercion or decep-

as other forms of forced labor and forced

more flexible and incorporate the chang-

tion and does not result in forced labor

marriages. The Anti Trafficking Bill of the

ing dynamics of trafficking.

or slavery-like conditions, it is not traf-

Trafficking and Prostitution

country focuses only on Trafficking for Prostitution. It is not prostitution that the

ficking. If trafficking against a person's Trafficking and Migration

will is a repulsive crime, then migration

anti trafficking framework should oppose

In Nepal many a times, women are

in search of employment and moving

but the violation of rights that may occur

trafficked after migration. This is a two-

from one place to another for better op-

while being involved in that work.

step process. Here the women migrate

portunities is done with one's free will. If

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SOCIETY

26 most trafficked prone districts

Historical factors including feudalism, caste, class and ethnic hierarchies;

1. Nuwakot

10. Sindhuli

19. Chitwan

2. Dhading

11. Udaypur

20. Lalitpur

and

3. Sindupalchowk

12. Rasuwa

21. Kaski

such as lack of enabling policy envi-

4. Kailali

13. Nawalparasi

22. Morang

ronment including government poli-

5. Kavrepalanchowk

14. Jhapa

23. Sunsari

cies toward social development, weak

6. Makwanpur

15. Ramechap

24. Rupandehi

instruments of immigration, inefficient

7. Dang

16. Sarlahi

25. Parsa

institutional capability, Discrimination

8. Gorkha

17. Mahottari

26. Kathmandu

by the state, unstable political environ-

9. Banke

18. Dhanusha

l Political

and administrative factors

ment and insurgency-led vulnerability. At local level, trafficking involves

trafficking is a violation of human rights,

Trafficking has been spreading rampantly

deep rooted process of gender discrimi-

then migration/mobility is a person's hu-

throughout the country.

nation, lack of female education, igno-

man right. The right to move must be pro-

Although

the

trafficking

rance of rural population, poverty, social

tected within all anti trafficking efforts.

phenomenon crosses many caste/ ethnic

exclusion and lack of employment and

Anti Trafficking efforts should not limit

groups, those most at risk are the hill

economic opportunities. These local level

the freedom to migrate and interventions

ethnic groups and lower castes. According

factors are in turn affected by the macro-

should not view all migrating women and

to a rapid assessment survey conducted

level social changes that are changing the

girls as victims of trafficking.

by ILO/ IPEC in Nepal it was found that

way markets operate and their labor re-

However we have to realize that

47% of the respondents were the ethnic

quirements. These factors coupled with

blocking migration impinges on the rights

groups of the hills, 23.5% Brahmins,

low economic growth and weak gover-

of a citizens and it is not considered to

17.7% were the Dalits and 11.8% were

nance and lack of enforcements of anti

be an effective anti trafficking tool. Clos-

women and children from the terai belt.

trafficking instruments within the coun-

ing of borders does not effectively control

Some of the girls trafficked for sexual

try has contributed greatly towards the

trafficking. In fact, it fails to address the

exploitation is found to be very young,

increased numbers of trafficking victims

largest number of victims-those traf-

as young as 9 years of age. However

over the past few years. Domestic vio-

ficked within the country. In today's era

majority of the girls are trafficked victims

lence towards women and the systematic

of growing economic inequality, people

fall within the age group of 13-17, which

gender discrimination makes women par-

often need to migrate to urban areas or

means all of them are minors and in need

ticularly vulnerable to being trafficked.

richer countries in order to earn a liveli-

of protection.

hood. When borders are closed, despera-

These factors combined with growing globalization are changing peoples

tion and desire will drive victims into the

Causes of Trafficking in Women and Chil-

fundamental expectations of life and

arms of traffickers. In fact, a victims sta-

dren

what basic needs are. There is increased

tus as an illegal migrant is often a very

The root cause of trafficking in

evidence in Nepal of feminization of pov-

effective tool in the hands of traffickers,

women and children in Nepal are complex

erty and this is increasing the number of

leaving the migrant vulnerable to further

and numerous.

female migration. Although there are no

coercion and abuse. It is therefore, necessary to focus

These include:

studies to show correlation of these fac-

factors such as poverty, ru-

tors there is general agreement within the

interventions that address the abuse of

ral indebtedness, food scarcity, unem-

country that these factors are responsible

human rights occurring during migration

ployment, market disparities;

for increasing voluntary migration hence

Social and cultural factors including

increasing the chances of trafficking.Some

the lack of appropriate legislation

strategic gaps that need critical strength-

and an undetermined level official

ening are:

Origin and Age of Trafficked Wom-

complicity in trafficking, and, cultural

Information and database

en and Children

norms, the practice of bigamy and po-

Legislation and enforcement

The Ministry of Women, Children

lygamy, physical and sexual abuse at

Monitoring and evaluation

and Social Welfare has identified 26 dis-

home, gender and ethnic discrimina-

Research and study

tricts as the main prone districts and were

tion are also significant contributing

considered as sending districts. However,

causes;

or at the workplace, rather than migration itself.

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July-Sept 2006

l Economic

Cross-border alliances and bilateral

understanding with India. w

HEALTH

Top

food

f o r m e n

Guys, isn't it annoying that all the healthy news and diet seems to be geared for the ladies? Well, here it’s about time we paid you a bit of special attention for a change. We know that you all like to pamper yourselves occasionally (go on, admit it!) and you need to look after yourself and your health too! So Top 10 Foods for Men and don’t worry, it’s not all boring old cabbage and lettuce – you might find a few surprises in there! 1. Garlic: This smelly little number is literally packed full of

5. Steak: Red meat is a great source of zinc, vitamin B12 and

goodness! It has anti-cancer compounds, antibacterial and

iron. Zinc is involved in hundreds of body functions, from

decongestant properties to keep coughs and colds at bay, and

producing DNA to the sense of taste. Vitamin B12 also has

photochemical, which help lower cholesterol and prevent

many functions including energy release and iron is essential

blood clots. You can add it during cooking to practically any

for carrying oxygen from the lungs all around the body. If

savoury dish, or, if you’re not mad about the distinctive taste

you’re a bit of an athlete or enjoy working out, you need to

(or smell), pop a whole clove of garlic in the oven while you’re

get these nutrients. But choose leaner cuts of meat and avoid

cooking a pizza. Roast garlic is soft and can be spread like

cheaper products such as burgers and pies as these are very

butter but has a much more mellow flavour. 2.

high in saturated fat.

Tomato Ketchup: Tomatoes are rich in the antioxidant ly-

6. Milk: What more could a body ask for? Milk is one of our

copene. Research has shown that lycopene may be important

main sources of calcium and low intakes of calcium have been

in preventing heart disease and many cancers, especially

linked with heart disease, colon cancer . Osteoporosis is not

prostate cancer. Unusually for a nutrient, lycopene is even

just a disease that affects older women - 1 in 12 men now suf-

more potent in cooked tomatoes than raw ones, so adding a

fer from osteoporosis so it’s vital to have an adequate calcium

dollop of ketchup to those fries isn’t the worst thing in the

intake. Choose semi-skimmed or skimmed milk for a low fat

world. However, because of the salt and sugar content of

source of calcium, with protein too.

commercial ketchup, look at including other rich sources of

7. Nuts and Seeds: All you tough nuts out there, take note!

lycopene into your diet – add tomato puree to a stew or cas-

These little goodies are crammed full of vitamins and miner-

serole, tomato soup, tomato-based pasta sauce or Bolognese

als. Brazil nuts are especially high in magnesium and seleni-

and even top pizza with extra tomato slices.

um – an antioxidant that helps prevent heart disease, cancer

3. Broccoli: Men need folate or folic acid as this can lower

and protects prostate health. Sprinkle seeds such as linseed

the levels of an amino acid in the blood called homocysteine.

or flaxseed over your cereal to pack in more goodness, snack

High homocysteine levels are associated with increased risk

on a small handful of nuts instead of crisps or top your toast

of heart disease and stroke. Broccoli is also loaded with vita-

with peanut butter.

min C, beta-carotene, potassium and a phytochemical called

8. Bananas: This crazy fruit will boost your energy as well as

sulphoraphane, which helps reduce the risk of cancer. If you

boosting your potassium levels. You need potassium to regu-

just can’t face a big pile of broccoli at the side of your plate,

late your nerves, heartbeat and blood pressure. Bananas can

mix it into pasta sauce , cover it with chilli sauce and have

also be useful hangover cures after a night on the town!

with noodles or even put it on top of pizza It’s important to

9. Potatoes: Good old spuds! Cheap and cheerful, boiled or

eat a wide variety of as they are all packed with antioxidants

baked, they never fail to fill you up. They’re also packed full

and other disease-fighting compounds.

of vitamin C, along with lots of other vitamins and minerals.

4. Oily Fish: Fish such as salmon, tuna, mackerel and herring

Eat the skin for fibre and go easy on the chipped variety!

contain essential fatty acids, like Omega-3 and Omega-6,

10. Beer: That’s right! Beer contains phytochemicals that have

which have been proven to be beneficial in preventing heart

been shown to help prevent heart disease. It may also aid

disease, some cancers, arthritis and depression. Mackerel is

digestion by encouraging acid production in the stomach and

an especially rich source of selenium. Research at Cornell Uni-

moderate alcohol intake as part of a healthy diet is associated

versity found those taking selenium supplements (200 mcg

with lower incidence of heart disease. BUT WAIT! This doesn’t

daily) had 63% fewer prostate cancers and 39% lower cancer

give you licence to become a lager lout! Remember that these

rate overall. So try to have oily fish at least twice each week,

effects are only seen in moderate drinkers – that’s no more

whether it’s tuna sandwiches, a nice grilled salmon steak with

than 2 units per day . High intakes will undo all the goodness

a mound of mashed potatoes or a rice dish such as kedgeree.

so try not to get carried away!

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July-Sept 2006

MISCELLANEOUS

Know Yourself Â 1. Pick your favorite color

out of the following: A.

Hawaii

HERE IS THE

New York

ANSWERS-!

C. East Africa - Curious

Question number ONE:

Spain - Mysterious

New York - Busy

Red

C. East Africa

Orange

Spain

Red - Adventurous

Montana -

Yellow

Montana

Orange - Fun

Country Girl/Boy

Green

Yellow - Sweet

Blue

Green - Wacky

Question number

Blue - Romantic

FOUR:

4. Pick your favorite instru-

F. Purple

ment:

2. Pick your favorite animal

A. B.

Violin

out of the following:

C. Electric Guitar

Cat

Dog

Fish

Snake

Drums

drink:

Mouse

3. Pick your desired honeymoon spot:

Violin - Intellectual

B. Piano - Popular Question number TWO:

5. Pick your favorite soft

E. Parrot F.

F. Purple - Mysterious

B. Piano A.

Cat - Feminine

Dog - Loving

C. Electric Guitar - Wacky D.

Drums - Wild

Fish - Boring

Question number

Snake - Boyish

FIVE:

Dr. Pepper

E. Parrot - Annoying

Sprite

Sprite - Wacky

Coca Cola,

Coca Cola - Wild

Mouse - Brainy

Dr. Pepper - Popular

D. Pepsi,

Question number THREE:

D. Pepsi - Fun

Mountain Dew.

Hawaii - Romantic

Mountain Dew - Athletic

JOKES A Rich old man, who inherited all his money from his father, one day asks his young wife: "Honey, would you still have

***** Blonde reports for her university final exam which consists

married me if my father didn't leave me with all this money?" His

of mainly true and false questions. She takes her seat in the

wife smiles gently and answers: "Sure honey, you know I would

examination hall, stares at the question paper for five minutes,

marry you no matter who gave you the money".

and then in a fit of inspiration takes her purse out, removes a

***** The day after his wife disappeared in a kay king accident,

coin and starts tossing the coin and marking the answer sheet: true for heads and false for tails. Within thirty minutes she is

an Anchorage man answered his door to find two grim-faced

all done, whereas the rest of the class is still working furiously.

Alaska State Troopers.

During the last few minutes, she is seen desperately throwing

"We're sorry Mr. Wilkins, but we have some information

the coin, swearing and sweating. The moderator, alarmed, ap-

about your wife," said one trooper. "Tell me! Did you find her?!"

proaches her and asks what is happening. "I finished the exam

Wilkins shouted.

in a half hour," she replies. "And as I have more time left, I'm

The troopers looked at each other. One said, "We have

rechecking my answers."

some bad news, some good news, and some really great news. Which do you want to hear first?" Fearing the worst, an ashen Mr. Wilkins said, "Give me the bad news first."

***** A taxi passenger tapped the driver on the shoulder to ask him a question. The driver screamed, lost control of the car, nearly hit a bus, went up on the footpath, and stopped centimeters

The trooper said, "I'm sorry to tell you, sir, but this morn-

from a shop window. For a second everything went quiet in the

ing we found your wife's body in Kachemak Bay." "Oh my God!"

cab, then the driver said, "Look mate, don't ever do that again.

exclaimed Wilkins. Swallowing hard, he asked, "What's the good

You scared the daylights out of me!" The passenger apologized

news?" The trooper continued, "When we pulled her up, she

and said, "I didn't realize that a little tap would scare you so

had 12 twenty-five pound king crabs and 6 good-size Dungeness

much." The driver replied, "Sorry, it's not really your fault. To-

crabs clinging to her." Stunned, Mr. Wilkins demanded, "If that's

day is my first day as a cab driver - I've been driving a funeral

the good news, what's the great news?" The trooper said, "We're

van for the last 25 years.

going to pull her up again tomorrow."

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July-Sept 2006

gift VOUCHER Awards Chart Required Mileage Points for Gold Member 1250 1875 3125 5000

Required Mileage Points for Platinum Member 1110 1665 2775 4445

Name of Partners Organization 1 2

3 4

Marks Clothing-Dharma Path-New Road Reebok Show Room - Share Market Complex, Putalisadak Reebok Show Room - Durbar Marg Growth - Children Wear - Ranjana Galli, New Road

5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Amount in Rs. 1,000.00 1,500.00 2,500.00 4,000.00

Tea House - Nagarkot Hotel View Bhrikuti - Godavari Mirable Resort - Dhulikhel Trek O' Tea Hotel - Pokhara Green Mansions - Chitwan

The following companies will provide special discount to royal members on the presentstion of the ROYALCLUB cards

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July-Sept 2006

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July-Sept 2006

PHOTO-FEATURE

Muktinath Encountering Nature and Culture || Surace Dhakal

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July-Sept 2006

uktinath, 3,802 m (12,475 ft.) is one of the most famous tourist destinations for domestic and international visitors; a pilgrimage site for both Hindus and Budhists. A usual and easier way to get there is to take a plane to Jomsom, the largest village of Mustang and district-headquarter. Then follows an exciting a 2 days trek to Muktinath. Ferociously blowing winds, tough and rocky trails along the dry riverbeds make the trekking tougher, but eventually turn out to be a memorable life time achievement. Crossing all traditional settlements, religious sites, ruins of ancient fortress, one finds heavenly contentment to reach Muktinath. Trekking to Muktinath is a rich experience, both in terms of encourntering unique cultures and unique natures.

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July-Sept 2006

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kfn / ef/t ljZjd} cgf}7f] ;DaGw ePsf d'ns ' x'g\ . ckl/jt{gLo e"uf]nsf] lgs6tf t 5“b5} , To;afx]s v'Nnf l;dfgf, wfld{s / ;f+:s[lts ;DaGw k/Dk/fb]lv g} alnof];u “ uf“l;Psf 5g\ . of] klg ;To xf] ls g]kfnsf] ljsf;df ef/tn] pNn]Vo ;xof]u u/]sf] 5 . ljsf; lgdf{0fsfo{df ef/tsf zt{ aGb]h lgs} cK7]/f x'g] gu/]sf eg] xf]Ogg\ . t/, k"j{ k|wfgdGqL s[i0fk|;fb e66/fO{n] eg] em}+ -x]g; {' ,\ egfO bfof“ k[i7df_Psn] csf{sf] clxt lrtfPdf To;n] s;}sf] klg kmfObf ub}g { . of] ;DaGwsf uf“7fx? w]/l} t/ sl;Psf 5g\ . h;sf af/]df hlt n]Vbf klg ;fob sd g} x'G5 . ofqfn] o;kfln oxL ;DaGwnfO{ ;+If]kdf s]nfpg] k|of; u/]sf] 5 . of] ;DaGwdf g]kfnnfO{ ;xof]usf] cfzf 5 / ef/tnfO{ klg cfk\mgf] ;'/Iff ;+jb] gzLntfnfO{ g]kfnn] a'lemb]cf];\ eGg] cfzf 5 . qf; o; cy{df 5ls g]kfnaf6 ef/tdf of ef/taf6 g]kfndf s'g} pRr:t/sf] e|d0f x'b“ f ef/tn] sxf“ km;fpg] xf] eGg] cfz+sf ;w}+ /xg] u5{ . clg qf; o;df klg 5, x[lts /f]zg sf08h:tf] 36gf If0fe/d} pTkGg x'g ;S5 / 7"nf] wghgsf] Iflt x'g ;S5 . clg cfO;L— *!$ ljdfg ckx/0fh:tf 36gfdf lgbf]i{ f g]kfnLnfO{ cft+ssf/L eg]/ af/Daf/ nv]6g \ ; ] Ddsf sfd ef/tLo ;dfrf/ Rofgnaf6 lgn{Hh 9+un] x'g] u5{ . of] ;+jb] gzLntfnfO{ x]bf{ lsg geGg] < g]kfn–ef/t ;DaGwdf cfz / qf; b'j} 5 . t/, qf;nfO{ eGbf klg PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLsf] of] ;DaGwdf cfzf / ljZjf;nfO{ a9fjf lb+bf g} b'jn } fO{ kmfObf x'G5 . cfly{s dxfzlQmsf] lbzftkm{ cufl8 al9/x]sf] ef/t l5d]sLx?d} sf]kefhgsf] lzsf/ aGbf pm :jo+nfO{ ;d]t To;n] lgZro g} d4t ub}g { . p;n] cfkm"df pbf/ efj b]vfpg ;Sg'k5{ / g]kfnn] To;sf] ;d'lrt pkof]u . ofqfsf nflu n]vgfy clwsf/L cufl8 n]V5g\—

;+of]u g} dfGg'k5{– ;ft bn ® dfcf]jfbLaLr …ut d+l;® dlxgfdf ePsf] afx| a'b“ ] ;dembf®Ln] d'ns ' nfO{ clxn] lgsf;sf] l8ndf k'¥ofPsf] 5 eg] k|wfgdGqL lul®hfk|;fb sf]O®fnfsf] ef®t e|d0fsf qmddf -h'g ^–(_ ef®t;“u ;d]t afx|ab“' ] ;dembf®L g} ePsf] 5 . dfcf]jfbL;“usf] afx|ab“' ] ;dembf®Ln] cfGtl®s d'2f lsgf®fdf d2t u®]h:t} ef®t;“usf] afx|ab“' ] ;dembf®Ln] cGt®f{li6«o b[li6sf]0fnfO{ g]kfnsf] cg's"n agfpg d2t k'¥ofPsf] 5 . tLglt®af6 g]kfnnfO{ 3]®s ] f] ef®tsf] ;dembf®L g]kfnsf] ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu dxŒjk"0f{ dfGg] ul®Psf] 5, h'g :jfefljs klg xf] . hg:t®df Jofks ;DaGw, ;f+:s[lts ;fdGh:otf, v'Nnf ;Ldfh:tf sltko sf®0fn] ubf{ g]kfndf xfjf rNbf ptf kft xlNng' / ef/tdf xfjf rNbf g]kfndf kft xlNng' :jfefljs xf] . cyf{ t \ g] k fn s' g } klg ;d:ofdf hsl8Pdf To;af6 ef®t;d]t k|efljt aG5 eGg] s'®f lglj{jfb ;To xf] .

dfcf]jfbL ljb|fx] ;dfwfgsf nflu clxn]sf] kl®k|I] odf vf;u®L xltof® Joj:yfkgdf ;+oQ' m ®fi6«;+3sf] e"ldsf vf]hL eO®x]sf] cj: yf 5 . o;af®]df ;®sf®–dfcf]jfbLaLr c;f® @, @)^# df ePsf] cf7a'b“ ] ;dembf®Ldf b'j} kIfn] ®fi6«;3+ nfO{ af]nfpg] eg]sf 5g\ . t® g]kfnsf] ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu ®fi6«;3+ sf] pkl:yltnfO{ lnP® ef®t ;w}+ ;z+lst x'g] u®]sf] atfO“b} cfPsf] 5 . oBlk o;kfln ef®tn] xltof® Joj:yfkgsf nflu g]kfndf ;+o'Qm ®fi6«;+3sf] pkl:yltnfO{ k|wfgdGqL sf]O®fnfsf] ef®t e|d0fsf qmddf …lu|g l;UgnÚ lbPsf] 5 . oxL …lu|g l;UgnÚ kl5 dfcf]jfbL ® ;®sf®aLr ePsf] lzv®jftf{df ®fi6«;+3 Nofpg]af®]df ;xdlt x'g ;s]sf] 5 . o;cl3 bn–dfcf]jfbL afx|ab“' ] ;dembf®Ldf klg ef®tsf] ;sf®fTds wf®0ff cfPsf] lyof] . clxn] cd]l®sf, a]nfot, o'®f]kn ] L ;+3, ;+oQ' m ®fi6«;3+ nufotsf lgsfon] klg g]kfnaf®]df ef®t;“u k®fdz{ ul®®x]sf] a]nfdf g]kfndf ljsl;t 36gfqmdaf®]

cGt®f{li6«o ;d'bfonfO{ ;dembf®Ldf ®fVg' ;®sf®sf] st{JocGtu{t g} k|wfgdGqL sf]O®fnfn] ef®t e|d0f ug'e { Psf] lyof] . oL eP tTsfn g]kfnsf] åGå ;dfwfgsf nflu ef®tnufotsf cGt®f{li6«o ;d'bfo;“u ;dembf®L ®fVg] kxn . ef®tsf] rl®qaf®]df ljutdf z+sf JoQm ul®“b} cfP klg dfcf]jfbL ljb|fx] sf] ;dfwfgsf lbzfdf eg] ef®t o; k6s ;sf®fTds b]lvPsf] 5 . ef/tsf k|wfgdGqL 8f dgdf]xgl;+xn] o; cl3sf] k|f6] f]sn ljkl/t k|wfgdGqL sf]O/fnfnfO{ ljdfg: ynd} uP/ : jfut ug'n { ] klg of] s'/fsf] ;+st] u/]sf] 5 . g]kfnsf] dfcf]jfbL;“u lgs6 ;DaGw ®x]sf ef®tsf] Pd;L;L ® kL8ANo"hLnufotsf ;+u7gnfO{ ;d]t g]kfnsf dfcf]jfbLnfO{ em}+ d"nwf®df Nofpg ;lsg] ck]Iff ef®tn] ;d]t u®]sf] x'gk' 5{ . dfcf]jfbL hgo'4 ;'? gx'b“ } ef®tdf sDo'lg:6 36sx¿sf] ljb|fx] ;'? ePsf] xf] . h'g ef®tnfO{ ;d]t 6fpsf] b'vfOsf] ljifo ePsf] 5 . ca g]kfnL dfcf]jfbLsf] l;sf] ub}{ a'4

ofqf

July-Sept 2006

cfj/0f

‘;DaGwnfO{ k};fdf bf“Hg'x'“b}g’

sf] s] rfxG5g\ < g]kfnL dfGotf – – – – – –

;'®Iff 5ftfdf ®fVg x'b“ g} . c;dfg ;lGw vf®]h x'gk' 5{ . ;Ldf Jojl:yt ug'k{ 5{ . g]kfndf js{kld{6 nfu" x'gk' 5{ . ®fxbfgL Joj:yf ug'k{ 5{ . e'6fgL z®0ffyL{ ;d:of ;dfwfg x'gk' 5{ . – hn;|f]t pkof]udf g]kfnnfO{ lrQa'‰bf] jftfj®0f agfOg'k5{ . – g]kfnL pTkfbgnfO{ ef®tn] cfkm\gf] gfsfdf lj£gafwf kfg'x{ b“' g} . – 7"nbfO k|jl[ Q TofUg'k5{ .

ef/tLo dfGotf – ;'®Iff dfldnfdf g]kfnn] ef®t;“u ;Nnfx ug'k{ 5{ . – ;'®Iff ® hn;|ft] ;xof]u ;g\ !(%) sf] ;lGwdf cfwfl®t x'gk' 5{ . – ef®tnfO{ g;f]wL xftxltof® cGoaf6 Nofpg' x'b“ g} . – kfls:tfgL u'Ktr® ;+:yf -cfO{P;cfO{_ sf] ultljlw g]kfndf ®f]lsg'k5{ . – dfcf]jfbL zlQmdf cfPkl5 pgLx¿sf ef®tl:yt ldq;+u7gnfO{ ;xof]u ug'{ x'b“ g} . – ef®tlj®f]wL lqmofsnfk g]kfnL e"lddf x'gx' G' g .

–k|wfgdGqL lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf g]kfn–ef®t ;DaGwnfO{ k} ; f;“ u dfq x]®®] bf“Hg] ul®Psf] 5 . t® dnfO{ To:tf] nfUb}g . ;DaGw ;'b9[ ug{ klg o:tf e|d0fn] d2t ub{5 . e|d0f s:tf] eof] eGg] s'®f t hgtfn] eGg] s'®f xf] t® d]®f] ljrf®df e|d0f Hofb} pknlAwd"ns ePsf] 5 . ef®t g]kfndf zflGt :yfkgf xf];\ eGg] rfxG5 . g]kfnsf] zflGt k|lqmofdf ;+oQ' m ®fi6«;3+ nfO{ dWo:ytfsf] e"ldsfdf xf]Og ls kl5 xltof® Joj:yfkgsf nflu ;xefuL u®fOg'k5{ eGg] ef®tsf] dfGotf ®x]sf] d}n] kfP“ . zflGt k|lqmofdf g]kfnL g} ;Ifd 5g\ eGg] wf®0ff pxf“x¿n] ®fVg'ePsf] 5 . gof“lbNnLdf dnfO{ h'g lx;fan] ;Ddfg lbOof] Tof] dnfO{ geP® xfn} g]kfndf ePsf] hgcfGbf]ngk|lt ef®tn] b]vfPsf] ;Ddfg xf] . g]kfnL hgtfk|lt b]vfPsf] ;Ddfg xf] . -ef®t e|d0faf6 kms]®{ @^ h]7 @)^# ljdfg:yndf ;~rf®sdL{;u“ s'®f ub}_{

‘cfk\mg} clxt x'G5’ ef®tLo dfcf]jfbL klg d"nwf®df cfp“5g\ ls eGg] ef®tsf] cfzfnfO{ gfhfoh eGg g;lsg] eP klg Tolt ;xh eg] 5}g . df3 !( otf hgcfGbf]ng– @ kf® gnfu'~h]n;Dd g]kfn;“u ef®tsf] ;DaGw Tolt ®fd|f] ®x]g . ;}Go ;xof]u ®f]lsPsf] lyof], cfly{s ;xof]u klg vf; pNn]vgLo lyPg . ef®tn] hgcfGbf]ng pTsif{df k'lu®x]s} a]nf ljz]if b"tsf ¿kdf 8f= s®0f l;+xnfO{ k7fP® ®fhf ® bnaLr ;+jfb u®]sf] lyof] . s®0f l;+xsf] ;"q ;ft bnnfO{ ;®sf® agfpg lbg] eGg] s'®f dfq} lyof] . t® hgcfGbf]ngn] Ps sbd cl3 a9]® k|ltlglw;ef k'g:yf{kgf;Ddsf] af6f] to u¥of], To;}n] a}zfv * ut]sf] zfxL ;Daf]wgnfO{ @ 306fkl5 g} :jfut ug]{ ef®tn] @$ 306f glaTb} cfkm\gf] g]kfn gLlt abn]® g]kfnsf hgtf h] rfxG5g\ ToxL g} ef®tsf] g]kfn gLlt eGof] . p;n] …6\jLg lkNn® kf]ln;LÚ Tofu]sf] ;d]t Tolta]n} atfof] . a}zfv ( ut] ®flt gof“lbNnLdf kqsf® ;Dd]ng ub}{ ef®tsf ljb]z;lrj Zofd z®0fn] eg]– g]kfnLn] g} ;+jw} flgs ®fhtGq ® ax'bnLo k|hftGq dfg]sfn] To;nfO{ xfdLn] g]kfn gLlt agfPsf xf+ +} . t® ca g]kfnLn] dfGb}gg\ eg] xfdL klg g]kfnL h] rfxG5g\ To;}adf]lhd rN5f} + . ef®tsf] g]kfn gLltdf cfPsf] of] Pp6f pNn]Vo kl®jt{g lyof] . cyf{t\ h] ljifodf klg x:tIf]k u®]sf], g]kfnsf gLltlgdf{tfnfO{ grfPsf] a'4

ofqf

July-Sept 2006

eGg] cf®f]k nfu]sf] ef®t g]kfnL hgdtsf cufl8 @$ 306fdf g} cfkm\gf] gLlt abNg afWo ePsf] lyof] . s"6gLlt1x¿sf cg';f® of] Pp6f o:tf] klg ;+st] xf] ls s'g} klg ljifodf g]kfnL g]tT[ jn] cfjZos u[xsfo{;lxt Pp6} wf®0ff ®fv]sf] v08df ef®tn] To;nfO{ gfO eGg ;Sg] l:ylt gx'b“ f] /x]5 . gof“ kl®l:yltk|lt ef®t bflxgf g} ePsf] dx;'; ul®P klg ef®t;“u ljleGg vfn] z+sf–pkz+sf x®]s sbd–sbddf e]l6g] u®]sf 5g\ . o;cl3sf] ;®sf®n] ;d]t ef®tnfO{ ®fhL agfpg vf]h] klg Tof] c;kmn ePsf] lyof] . ®fhf clk|msf e|d0faf6 kms{b+ f ef®tsf k|wfgdGqLaf®] ljdfg:yndf l6Kk0fL ub}{ pxf“ 7"nf] …:6]6:\ DofgÚ ePsf] eGb} k|z; + f ug'{ To;}sf] k|df0f lyof] . t® g]kfnL hgdt e8\sn ] f eg]® Tolta]nf ef®tn] v'n:t 9+un] ;dy{g ug{ ;s]sf] lyPg . o;f] x'b“ fx'b“ } klg s]xL ;}GohGo ;fdu|L g]kfnnfO{ pknAw u®fPsf] lyof] . g]kfn ® ef®taLr w]®} ;dfgtfsf afah'b au|N] tL ;d:of klg 5g\ . ;g\ !(%) sf] ;lGw vf®]h ug'k{ 5{ eGg] g]kfnL hgdt 5fofdf kb}{ cfPsf] 5 . pQm ljifo ;g\ !((% df klxnf] k6s tTsfnLg k|wfgdGqL dgdf]xg clwsf®Ln] ef®t;“u :ki6 9+un] ®fVg'eP klg clxn];Dd ljb]z;lrj :t®df Pp6f ;ldlt agfpg]afx]s s]xL sfd ePsf] 5}g . To; ljifodf ljb]z

– s[i0fk|;fb e§/fO{, k"jk{ w| fgdGqL g]kfn ® ef®tsf] ;DaGw o:tf] 5 ls s'g} klg Pp6f ®fi6«n] csf] { s f] clxt ug{ vf]h®] l6Sg ;Sb}g . g]kfnn] klg ef®tsf] clxt ug{ ;Sb}g, cfkm\g} clxt x'G5 . ef®tn] klg g]kfnsf] clxt ug{ vf]hd] f p;sf] klg clxt x'G5 . To;}n] of] ;DaGwnfO{ ldnfP® cl3 a9\g' cfjZos 5 . cfk;L lxt g} x]g{' h?®L 5 . -ofqf k|ltlglwsf] ;d]t pkl:yltdf k"jk{ d| e§®fO{n] ef®tLo ;f+;bx¿;“u ®fVg'ePsf] wf®0ff ._

‘ef/t klg 8'A5’ –;'jf; g]Djfª, ;efd'v g]kfn ® ef®tsf] ;DaGw k®:k® uf“l;Psf] 5 . g]kfndf af9L cfp“bf ef®t klg 8'A5 eGg] s'®f dfq} xf]Og, g]kfnsf ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ ef®tn] rf;f] glbPdf To;af6 ef®t klg ;“u;“u} 8'A5 . g]kfn–ef®t Pp6} 8'u+ fdf 5g\ eGbf klg x'G5 . g]kfndf hgcfGbf]ng– @ ;kmn kfg{ pxf“x¿n]

cfj/0f ;lrj:t®sf] a}7s ga;]sf] klg $ jif{ k"®f eO;s]sf] 5 . !(%) sf] ;lGwdf ;lGwsf] wf®f @ ® & tyf ;“u} k7fOPsf] kqsf] a'b“ f ! ® $ nfO{ g]kfnsf] ;'®Iff dfldnf ef®tsf] lhDdfdf 5f]8g\ ] sfdsf ?kdf vt®f dflgPsf] 5 . -x]g; {' \ ;g\ %) sf] ;lGw aS;df_ . o;} u®L hn;|ft] , Jofkf®, e'6fgL z®0ffyL{ ;d:of, 8'afg ;d:of, ;'®Iff dfldnf;“u ;DalGwt y'k}| ljifo clgl0f{t ® cGof]ndf ®x“b} cfPsf 5g\ . ltgsf] plrt 9+un] ;dfwfg ug'{ cfjZos b]lvPsf] 5 . ef®tLo sd{rf®LtGq lgoldt ck8]6 eP® g]kfn gLltaf®] cufl8 a9] klg g]kfnsf] sd{rf®LtGq u[xsfo{ gu®L hfg] ® ;w}+ k5fl8 kg]{ u®]sf] ;d]t atfO“b} cfPsf] 5 . cfufdL lbgdf o;tkm{ plrt Wofg lbg' h?®L 5 . ef®t ljZjs} dxfzlQm ®fi6«tkm{ cufl8 a9\b} uO®x]sf] kl®k|I] odf p;sf] j}ejtfnfO{ g]kfnn] k|of]u ug{ ;Sg'k5{ . vf;u®L xfd|f] hn;|ft] nfO{ pkof]u ug{ ;lsG5 . ef®tdf clxn] kfgLsf] Jofks cefj ®x]sf] 5 eg] g]kfn a|flhnkl5

hn;|ft] df ljZjs} bf];f| ] wgL ®fi6«sf] ¿kdf lrlgG5 . Ps cf“s8fcg';f® ef®tnfO{ ;g\ @)@% ;Dddf yk $ ;o %) ca{ 3gld6® kfgL rflxg]5 . of] l:yltsf sf®0f ef®t g]kfnsf] kfgL pkof]u ug{ rfxG5 . To;}n] g]kfnsf] kfgL s;®L pkof]u ug]{ eGg]af®]df ®fli6«o ;xdlt;lxtsf] Pp6f gLlt aGg' cfjZos 5 . ef®tnfO{ jflif{s cf7 k|ltztsf] nlIft cfly{s j[l4b® xfl;n ug{ kfgL ® pmhf{ rflxPsf] 5 . clxn] ef®t;“u ! nfv !% xhf® % ;o $$ d]ufjf6 ljB't\ Ifdtf 5 eg] k|ltjif{ !) k|ltztsf b®n] p;nfO{ pmhf{ cfjZos 5 . Tof] dfu k"lt{ ug{ p;nfO{ jflif{s !! xhf® % ;o d]ufjf6 ljB't\ yKg'kg]{ afWotf ®x]sf] 5 . g]kfndf ljB'ts \ f] Ifdtf *# xhf® d]ufjf6 ePsf] dflgG5 . oBlk ef®tnfO{ pmhf{eGbf klg kfgLsf] g} a9L cfjZostf eO®x]sf] dflgPsf] 5 . ptf g] k fn–ef®t ;DaGwdf ;Ldf ljjfb ® 8'afg ;d:of klg plQs} dha't ¿kdf pl7®x]sf 5g\ . ;'®Iff dfldnfdf s]xL

bzscl3;Dd rLgnfO{ vt®f b]Vg] ef®t clxn] kfls:tfgL u'Ktr® ;+:yf -cfO{P;cfO{_ n] g]kfnL e"ld ef®tlj®f]wL ultljlwdf k|of]u u®]sf] eGg] qf;df c8]sf]] 5 . To;f] gxf];\ eGg] pm rfxG5 . cyf{t\ g]kfn–ef®t ;DaGw Pscfk;df cfzf ug]{ dfq xf]Og, Pscsf{ b]zn] cfkm"lj?4 s]xL ulb{g] xf] ls eGg] qf;df cNem]sf] ;d]t b]lvPsf] 5 . t® Pp6f ljZjf;sf] jftfj®0f tof® kf®]® of] ;DaGw cl3 a9fOPdf g} b'j} kIfnfO{ kmfObf k'Ug] :ki6 5 . oBlk cem} cfzf 5– ef®tn] g]kfnnfO{ yk ;xof]u unf{ eGg] g]kfnnfO{ . ®, cfz+sf klg 5– g]kfndf zflGt k|lqmofsf nflu ®fi6«;3+ sf] k|jz ] nfO{ lnP® lgx'“ vf]Hg] xf] ls eGg] klg . ptf ef®tnfO{ g]kfndf dfcf]jfbL xfjL x'g,] cfkm\gf] ;'®IffnfO{ g} vt®f k'Ug] xf] ls eGg] ghflg“bf] 8® klg b]lvG5 . t® PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLdf b'O{ b]zsf] k|ultsf nflu z+sf xf]Og ljZjf;sf] jftfj®0f agfpg'kg]{ vf“rf] b]lvPsf] 5 .

kGw| jif{sf dxŒjk"0f{ e|d0fx? g]kfntkm{af6

ef/ttkm{af6

– cGtl®d k|wfgdGqL s[i0fk|;fb e§®fO{åf®f ef®tsf tTsfnLg k|wfgdGqL jLkL l;+xsf] lgdGq0ffdf * b]lv !) h'g !(() ;Dd ef®tsf] e|d0f . cfly{s gfsfaGbL x6fOof] . – k|wfgdGqL lul®hfk|;fb sf]O®fnfåf®f ef®tsf k|wfgdGqL kLeL g®l;+x ®fjsf] lgdGq0ffdf % b]lv !) l8;]Da® !((! ;Dd ef®t e|d0f . Jofkf® ;lGw % jif{df gjLs®0f x'g] Joj:yf ® kf®jxg ;lGw x®]s & jif{df :jtM gjLs®0f ug]{ ;xdlt . – k|wfgdGqL dgdf]xg clwsf®Låf®f ef®tsf k|wfgdGqL kLeLg®l;+x ®fjsf] lgdGq0ffdf !) b]lv !$ clk|n !((% ;Dd ef®te|d0f . – k|wfgdGqL z]®axfb'® b]pjfåf®f !! b]lv !& km]ac |' ®L, !((^ ;Dd ef®tsf k|wfgdGqL kLeL g®l;+x ®fjsf] lgdGq0ffdf ef®t e|d0f . dxfsfnL ;lGwdf cf}krfl®s x:tfIf® . – k|wfgdGqL sf]O®fnfåf®f #! h'nfO{bl] v ^ cui6 @))) ;Dd ef®tsf k|wfgdGqL c6n laxf®L jfhk]oLsf] lgdGq0ffdf e|d0f . Xlts ®f]zg sf08 ® ef®tLo ljdfg cfO;L *!$ sf] ckx®0fkl5 tgfjk"0f{ aGg uPsf] b'O{ b]zsf] ;DaGwnfO{ ;fdfGoLs®0f ug]{ k|of; . – ®fhf 1fg]Gb|åf®f ef®tsf ®fi6«klt s]cf® gf®fo0fgsf] lgdGq0ffdf h'g @))@ df e|d0f . h'g @))@ df ®fhf ePkl5sf] pxf“sf] klxnf] e|d0f xf] . – dfr{ @))# df ®fhfaf6 k'gM ef®tsf] e|d0f . – k|wfgdGqL z]®axfb'® b]pjfåf®f @) b]lv @% dfr{ @))@ ;Dd k'gM ef®t e|d0f . k"j–{ klZrd ®fhdfu{df ®]nj] dfu{af®]df cWoog ug{ ef®t tof® . – b]pjfåf®f k'gM ;]K6]Da® * b]lv !@ ;Dd @))$ df ef®tsf k|wfgdGqL 8f= dgdf]xg l;+xsf] lgdGq0ffdf e|d0f .

– ef®tsf k|wfgdGqL rGb|zv ] ®åf®f !#–!% km]ac '| ®L, !((! df g]kfn e|d0f . g]kfn–ef®t, ;+oQ' m cfof]u agfpg] ;xdlt . – ef®tsf k|wfgdGqL kLeL g®l;+x ®fjåf®f !(–@! cS6f]a®, !((@ df k|wfgdGqL sf]O®fnfsf] lgdGq0ffdf e|d0f . aLkL sf]O®fnf g]kfn–ef®t kmfpG8];gsf] pb\3f6g . – ef®tsf k|wfgdGqL cfOs] u'h®fnåf®f %–& h'g !((& df k|wfgdGqL nf]s]Gb|axfb'® rGbsf] lgdGq0ffdf e|d0f sfs®le§f–km"naf®L–a+unfaGw dfu{nfO{ 6«flGh6sf] ¿kdf k|of]u ug]{ ;xdlt . – ;fs{sf] t]xf| +} lzv® ;Dd]ngdf efu lng ef®tsf k|wfgdGqL c6n laxf®L jfhk]oLåf®f hgj®L @))@ df g]kfn e|d0f . -;®sf® ® ®fi6«kd| v ' sf tkm{af6 oL e|d0f eP klg k®®fi6«dGqL ® cGo dGqL txdf o;aLrdf b'j} b]zaf6 y'k|} e|d0f cfbfgk|bfg ePsf 5g\ ._

a'4

ofqf

July-Sept 2006

cfj/0f÷ljZn]if0f

;sf®fTds d2t ug'e { Psf] 5 . To;k|lt xfdL wGojfb lbg rfxG5f}+ . cfufdL lbgdf ;d]t ef®tn] ;sf®fTds b[li6sf]0f ®fVg] cfzf u®]sf 5f}+ .

z+sfsf] ;DaGw .. k|f= ljZj k|wfg

lxn] g]kfnsf b'O{ l5d]sL ef®t ® rLg pbLodfg cfly{s zlQmsf ¿kdf b]vf kl®®x]sf 5g\ . o:tf] kl®l:yltdf xfdLn] klg ;“u;“u} k|ult ug'k{ g]{ cfjZostf eP klg xfdLx¿ emG8} Ps bzs cfGtl®s åGådf clNemof} + . xfdL ef®t;“u ;f+:s[lts ® ;fdflhs ¿kn] lgs} glhs 5f} + . of] cj:yfdf g]kfnsf] cy{tGqdf …sf]NofK;Ú x'g nfu]sf] b]v®] ef®tn] g]kfnnfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ p2]Zon] …lxdfnog df;{n KnfgÚ 3f]if0ff u®]sf] 5 . k|wfgdGqL lul®hfk|;fb sf]O®fnfn] xfn} ug'e{ Psf] ef®t e|d0fsf qmddf ef®t ;®sf®n] oxL ;xof]usf] 3f]if0ff u®]sf] xf] . h'g lgs} dxŒjk"0f{ 5 . bf];f| ] ljZjo'4kl5 cd]l®sfn] o'®f]kn ] L ®fi6«sf] k'glg{df{0fsf nflu o;} u®L …df;{n KnfgÚ 3f]if0ff u®]sf] lyof] . clxn] ef®tåf®f 3f]lift …lxdfnog df;{n KnfgÚ ?kL ;xof]usf] e®k"® pkof]u x'gk' 5{ . aflx® ;xof]u u®]em}+ ug]{ ® leqleq k]Ng] sfd rflx“ ug'{ x'b“ g} . ljb]zL ;xof]u lnof] eg] ;“u;“u} x:tIf]k klg lglDtG5 ls eGg] 8® klg x'G5 . t® Tof] jftfj®0f cfpg lbg' x'b“ g} . g]kfn–ef®t ;DaGwnfO{ cem cu|ult lbg lqmofTds ¿kdf cem hf]8 lbg'k5{ . h:tf] hn;|ft] sf] If]qdf b'O{ b]z ldn]® 7"n7"nf kl®of]hgf ;~rfng ug{ ;S5g\ . g]kfn a|flhnkl5 ljZjs} bf];f| ] 7"nf] hn;|ft] sf] wgL ®fi6«sf] ¿kdf lrlgG5 eg] ef®tnfO{ kfgL ® pmhf{sf] clt cfjZostf 5 . oL b'O6} s'®fnfO{ ;fd~h:otf ug]{ xf] eg] b'jn } fO{ kmfObf x'g k'U5 . o; dfldnfdf …d;“u hn;|ft] 5Ú eg]® g]kfnn] klg d]®f] uf]?sf] afx|} 6Ssf ug{ vf]Hg' x'Gg ® ef®tn] klg g]kfnnfO{ UnfgL x'g] u®L sfd ug'{ x'b“ g} . b'j} ®fi6«sf] lxt x]b{} cl3 a9]df g} b'jn } fO{ kmfObf k'U5 . g]kfnsf] ljB't\ pTkfbgsf] ;DefjgfnfO{ x]®®] ef®t;“u ;DaGw a9fpg'kg]{ t 5“b} 5, of] If]qdf g} o;af®]df ;femf ;xdlt x'gk' 5{ . ;fs{ ;b:o ®fi6«df g} of] kxn cfjZos b]lvPsf] 5 . g]kfndf xltof® Joj:yfkgsf nflu ;+oQ' m ®fi6«;3+ nfO{ lgDTofpg] lg0f{o eO;s]sf] 5 . o; ljifodf ef®tn] lrQ b'vfpg ldNb}g . ef®tn] o;af®]df cfkm\gf] xft tn knf{ ls, cfkm\gf] k|efj sd x'g] xf] ls eg]® ljut nfdf] ;dob]lv ®fi6«;3+ sf] pkl:ylt g?rfPsf] atfO“b} cfP klg k|wfgdGqL sf]O®fnfsf] ef®t e|d0fkl5 of] k|;u+ n] a'4

ofqf

July-Sept 2006

-xfn} ef®tLo ;f+;bx¿;“usf] e]63f6df_

æef/tn] rfx] xfd|f] ;d:of ;dfwfg x'G5Æ –e'6fgL g]tf 6]sgfy l/hfn

kf® kfPsf] xf] ls eGg] ;+st] b]lvPsf] 5 . of] ljifo ef®tn] w]®} lrGtf lng'kg]{ ljifo g} xf]Og . lsgls ;+oQ' m ®fi6«;3+ eg]sf] ;a}sf] ;femf lgsfo xf] . o;n] g]kfndf sfd ubf{ ef®tsf] s'enf] x'G5 eGg] xf]Og . ef®tn] ;w}+ g]kfndf e"ldsf v]Ng ;S5 eGg] s'®f hgcfGbf]ng– @ sf qmddf o;kflnaf6 unt xf] eGg] s'®f l;4 ePsf] 5 . lsgls ®fhfaf6 a}zfv * ut] ;ft ®fhgLlts kf6L{nfO{ ;®sf® agfpg cf≈jfg ePsf] s]xL 306fdf g} To;sf] ef®tn] :jfut u¥of] . ef®tn] :jfut u®]kl5 cGo cGt®f{li6«o ;d'bfon] ;d]t :jfut u®] . t® ef]lnkN6 ;ft ®fhgLlts kf6L{sf] a}7sn] ®fhfsf] 3f]if0ff c:jLsf® ub}{ cfGbf]ng hf®L ®fVg] lg0f{o u®]kl5 @$ 306f glaTb} ef®tsf ljb]z;lrj Zofd z®0fn] ( ut] ®flt gof“lbNnLdf kqsf® ;Dd]ng u®]® ef®t g]kfnL hgtfsf] ;fydf ®x]sf] ® cfkm"n] eGb} cfPsf] g]kfn;DaGwL b'O{ :tDesf] gLlt …;+jw} flgs ®fhtGq ® ax'bnLo k|hftGqÚ g]kfnL hgtfn] eg]cg';f® g} ePsf] tyf g]kfnL hgtfn] Tof] grfx] cfkm" klg h] rfxG5g\ ToxL dfGg tof® ®x]sf] atfPsf lyP . o;af6 s] b]lvPsf] 5 eg] g]kfnL ;a} Ps h'6 eP® sfd ug]{ xf] eg] ljb]zL gLlt g]kfnLsf] rfxgfadf]lhd aGg] ®x]5 . pgLx¿n] h] eGof] Tof] dfq} ;xL gx'b“ f] ®x]5 . of] Pp6f ®fd|f] pbfx®0f ePsf] 5 . ef®tLo ®fhgLlt1x¿n] g]kfnk|lt ;b\efj ® ®fd|f] Jojxf® ug]{ eP klg Toxf“sf] sd{rf®LtGqn] ®fd|f] Jojxf® gug]{ u®]sf] d]®f] dx;'; 5 . ;g\ !(*# b]lv sl®a # jif{ d k®®fi6« ;lrj x'b“ f ef®tLo ljb]z dGqfno …;fpy AnsÚsf] Jojxf® Tolt ;Gtf]ifhgs lyPg . Tolt a]nf xfd|f] sfd g]kfnsf] zflGt If]q k|:tfjdf ;dy{g a6'Ng' eP klg ef®t slxn] klg To;df tof® ePg . pgLx¿ d'vn] dL7f s'®f uy]{ t® sfddf slxNo} ;xof]u kfOPg . Tof] clxn] klg b]lvG5 . pgLx¿sf] To:tf] Jojxf® eP klg ®fhgLlts Jojxf® eg] ®fd|} lyof] . clxn] ef®tdf 8f= dgdf]xg l;+xsf] ;®sf® klg g]kfnk|lt ;sf®fTds ePsf] d]®f] dx;'; 5 . oBlk g]kfn–ef®t ;DaGwdf ;w}+ z+sf ®xg] u®]sf] 5 . of] z+sfnfO{ cfk;L ljZjf;df lnP® cl3 a9\b} ;Defjgfsf] e®k"® pkof]u ubf{ g} b'jn } fO{ kmfObf k'U5 . -k|f= k|wfg k"j{ k//fi6« ;lrj x'g_\

ef®t ® e'6fg ;g\ !($( df ePsf] ;lGwåf®f h]lnPsf 5g\. ;f] ;lGwdf e'6fgsf] ®Iff ® k®®fi6« ; “ u ;DalGwt dfldnf ef®tn] x]g{] :ki6 ®x]sf] 5 . To;}n] oL dfldnfdf ef®tn] g} e'6fgnfO{ ;Nnfx lbG5 ® xfd|f] ;d:of klg o;}u®L ef®t;“u hf]l8Psf] 5 . ! nfveGbf a9L xfdL e'6fgL z®0ffyL{ ljut 8]9 bzscl3b]lv g]kfnsf z®0ffyL{ lzlj®df a:b} cfPsf 5f}+ . o;aLrdf g]kfn ® e'6fgaLr y'k}| k6s b'O{ kIfLo jftf{ eP t® 6'ªu\ f] nfUg ;s]g . To;}n] g]kfn ;®sf®n] ef®t ;®sf®;“u o; ljifodf uDeL®tfk"js { s'®f p7fOlbg'k5{ . t® b'Mvsf] s'®f k|wfgdGqL lul®hfk|;fb sf]O®fnfn] xfn} ug'e { Psf] ef®t e|d0fsf qmddf s'g} s'®f pNn]v ePem}+ nfu]g . o;df xfdLnfO{ ;fx|} b'Mv nfu]sf] 5 . xfdL hLjg d®0fsf] cj:yfdf 5f}+ . ef®tnfO{ dgfpg g]kfnn] d2t ul®lbg'k¥of] .

g]kfn cfk\mg} klxrfgdf /xg'k5{ – /fhgfy l;+x, efhkf cWoIf g] k fn cfk\ m g} klxrfgdf x' g ' k 5{ eGg] xfd|f] dfGotf 5 . g]kfnsf k|wfgdGqL;“u wd{lg®k]If ®fi6« g]kfn 3f]if0ff ul®Psf] ;DaGwdf klg d]/f] s'®f eof] . pxf“n] g]kfn ax'hflt, ax'wfld{s ®fi6« ®x]sf] pNn]v ug'e { of] . g]kfndf ®fhtGqsf] e"ldsf s] x'gk' 5{ eGg] ljifodf ef®tLo hgtf kf6L{ g]kfndf ;+jw} flgs ®fhtGq ®xf];\ eGg] rfxG5 . dfcf]jfbLnfO{ ®fhgLlts d"nwf®df Nofpg g]kfn ;®sf®n] rfn]sf sbdaf®] k|wfgdGqLn] hfgsf®L lbg'eof] . l:ylt cfzfk|b kfOPsf] 5 .

cfj/0f

af¥x a'b“ ] ;+oQ ' m aQmJo != g]kfnsf ;DdfggLo k|wfgdGqL >L lul®hfk|;fb sf]O®fnfåf®f ef®tsf k|wfgdGqL 8f= dgdf]xg l;+xsf] lgdGq0ffdf @#–@^ h]7 @)^# -^–( h'g @))^_ df ef®tsf] cf}krfl®s e|d0f ug{e ' of] . g]kfnsf ;DdfggLo k|wfgdGqLsf ;fydf ef}lts of]hgf tyf lgdf{0fdGqL uf]kfndfg >]i7, s[lif tyf ;xsf®LdGqL dxGy 7fs'®, cy{dGqL 8f= ®fdz®0f dxt, :yfgLo ljsf;dGqL ®fh]Gb|k; | fb kf08] tyf dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf ;dfh sNof0f ®fHodGqL ;'>L pld{nf cof{n ® k®®fi6« dfldnfsf nflu k|wfgdGqLsf ;Nnfxsf® 8f= ;'®z ] rGb| rfln;] ®xg'ePsf] lyof] . e|d0fbndf g]kfn ;®sf®sf jl®i7 kbflwsf®Lx¿, pBf]uLJofj;foLx¿sf] k|ltlglwd08n ® ;~rf®sdL{x¿sf] k|ltlglwd08nsf] klg ;xeflutf lyof] . @= e|d0fsf qmddf g]kfnsf k|wfgdGqLn] ®fh3f6 hfg' eO{ dxfTdf ufGwLk|lt >4f~hnL ck{0f ug'e { of] . k|wfgdGqLn] ef®tsf dxfdlxd ®fi6«klt 8f= P=kL=h]= cAb'n snfd ® ef®tsf pk®fi6«klt dxfdlxd >L e}®jl;+x z]vfjt;“u e]6jftf{ ug{e ' of] . pk®fi6«klt >L z]vfjtn] g]kfnsf k|wfgdGqLsf] ;Ddfgdf ®fqLef]hsf] cfof]hgf ug{e ' Psf] lyof] . g]kfnsf k|wfgdGqL ® ef®tsf k|wfgdGqLaLrsf] e]6jftf{kZrft\ cfk;L lxt ® rf;f]sf ljifodf b'O{ k|wfgdGwLn] g]tT[ j ug'e { Psf] e|d0fbnaLr pRr: t®Lo jftf{ ;DkGg eof] . ef®tsf k|wfgdGqLn] g]kfnsf k|wfgdGqLsf] ;Ddfgdf ®fqLef]hsf] cfof]hgf ug'e{ of] . ®IffdGqL k|0fj d'vhL{, u[xdGqL lzj®fh kfl6n ® nf]s;efdf k|ltkIfsf g]tf nfns[i0f c8jf0fLn] g]kfnsf k|wfgdGqL;“u e]63f6 ug'e {' of] . g]kfnsf k|wfgdGqLn] o'gfO6]8 k|fu] l]| ;e PnfoG; tyf ef®tLo ®fli6«o sf+u; |] cWoIf >LdtL ;f]lgof ufGwL ® e"tk"j{ k|wfgdGqL rGb| z]v®;“u klg e]63f6 ug'e { of] . #= jftf{x¿ lgs} ;f}xfb|k{ 0" f{ jftfjf®0fdf ;DkGg eP . b'O{ k|wfgdGqLn] b'j} b]zsf l:yltsf af®]df ljrf® ® cf+sngsf] ;f6f;f6 ug'e { of] . ;lbof}+ k'®fgf] ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts ® cfly{s ;DaGw, nf]stGq, :jtGqtf ® sfg'gsf] zf;gdfly ;femf ljZjf; tyf zflGt, :yfloTj ® ;d[l4sf] nflu ;femf k|of;df cfwfl®t b'O{ b]zaLrsf] ;DaGwnfO{ u'0ffTds ¿kdf alnof] agfpg g]kfndf nf]stGqsf] k'g:yf{kgfn] P]ltxfl;s cj;® lbPsf] s'®fdf b'O{ b]zsf k|wfgdGqL ;xdt x'ge ' of] . pxf“x¿n] zflGtk"0f{ ;xcl:tTj, ;fj{ef}dsf] ;dfgtf, If]qLo cv08tf, cfk;L ;Ddfg ® ;dembf®Lsf l;2fGtsf cfwf®df b'O{ b]zaLrsf] ;DaGwdf gof“ cfofd ® k|jfx NofO{ cufl8 a9fpg] k|lta4tfdf k'gM hf]8 lbg'eof] . $= ef®tsf k|wfgdGqLn] nf]stflGqs zlStsf g]tfsf ¿kdf k|wfgdGqL lul®hfk|;fb sf]O®fnfNffO{ cfTdLo :jfut ug'e{ of] ® pxf“n] Oltxf;sf] Ps dxŒjk"0f{ ;dodf g]kfnsf] g]tT[ j ul®®xg'ePsf g]kfnsf k|wfgdGqLsf] ;':jf:Yo ® ;kmntfsf] sfdgf klg ug{e ' of] . e|d0f 7"nf] P]ltxfl;s dxTjsf] ePsf] atfpg' x'b“ } pxf“n] g]kfnL hgtfn] ax'bnLo nf]stGq k'g:yf{kgf ug{ ® o;nfO{ ;+:yfut ug]{ k|lta4tfsf nflu u®]sf] ;kmn ;+3if{ ® o;df g]kfnL hgtfsf]] c;fwf®0f ;fx; ® pknlAwsf] ;®fxgf ug{e ' of] . ef®tsf k|wfgdGqLn] g]kfndf zflGt :yfkgf ® :yfloTj tyf g]kfnnfO{ cfly{s ;'wf®sf] af6f]df kmsf{pg g]kfn ;®sf®n] u®]sf kxnx¿sf] k|z; + f ug{e ' of] . %= ef®tsf k|wfgdGqLn] 3lgi7 ldq ® l5d]sLsf gftfn] ef®t l:y®, zfGt, ;d[4 ® nf]stflGqs g]kfn x]g{ rfx]sf] s'®f bf]xf]¥ofpg'eof] . oL p2]Zox¿sf] k|flKtsf nflu pxf“n] g]kfnsf ;DdfggLo k|wfgdGqL >L lul®hfk|;fb sf]O®fnfn] g]tT[ j ug{e ' Psf] ;ft kf6L{ u7aGwgsf] ;®sf® ® g]kfnL hgtfsf] k|of;k|lt k"0f{ ;dy{g JoQm ug{s ' f ;fy;fy} g]kfnL hgtfsf ;fd' ®x]sf r'gF}tLx¿ Kff® ug{;Sg] ;fdYo{kl| t ljZjf; JoQm ug{e ' of] . ^= g]kfnsf k|wfgdGqLNf] ef®tLo hgtf ® ef®tLo ;®sf®nfO{ g]kfnL hgtfsf tkm{af6 nf]stGqsf] k'g:yf{kfgfsf] g]kfnL hgtfåf®f ul®Psf] zflGtk"0f{ ;+3if{sf nflu k|fKt ;dy{gsf] ;®fxgf ug'e { of] . &= ef®tsf k|wfgdGqLn] ;z:q åGåsf] zflGtk"0f{ ;dfwfg vf]h®] , ®fhg}lts

:yfloTjsf] k'g:yf{kgf ® g]kfnL hgtfsf] lxtsf nflu cfly{s k'glg{df{0fsf] af6f]df cl3 a9\g ® hg cfGbf]ngsf pknlAwnfO{ bl®nf] agfpg] g]kfnsf k|wfgdGqLsf] kxnx¿sf] ;®fxgf ug'e { of] . nf]stGqsf] ;kmntf lx+;f ® hj®h:tLsf] vt®faf6 d'Qm jftfj®0fsf] lgdf{0f ug{d' f ® sfg'gsf] zf;gsf] ;Ddfgdf 5 eGg] s'®fdf b'O{ k|wfgdGqL ;xdt x'ge ' of] . *= b'j} k|wfgdGqLn] g]kfndf cfly{s k'g:yf{kgf ® ljsf;sf] ult a9fpg'sf] cTofjZos dxŒj :jLsfg{e ' of] . ef®tsf k|wfgdGqLn] o; lbzftkm{ a9\g g]kfn ;®sf®sf] k|fyldstf ® rfxgfcg'¿k g]kfnnfO{ ;a} ;DefJo ;xof]u k|bfg ug]{ ef®tsf] tTk®tf JoQm ug{e ' of] . g]kfnsf] ;fdflhs–cfly{s ljsf;df ef®tsf] pbf®tfk"0f{ ;xof]usf nflu g]kfnsf k|wfgdGqLn] ef®tLo ;®sf®sf] ;®fxgf ug'e { of] . (= o; ;Gbe{df, g]kfnsf u|fdL0f ® cfly{s k"jf{wf® ljsf;, lzIff ® :jf:Yo ;'ljwfsf] ljsf; ® dfgj ;+;fwg lgdf{0fdf ef®t–g]kfn ljsf; ;fem]bf®L a[l4 ug{ k|wfgdGqLx¿ ;xdt x'ge ' of] . b'a} k|wfgDfGqLn] ;fdflhs–cfly{s ;xof]usf] If]qdf b'O{ b]zaLr ljBdfg b'Ok{ IfLo kxnx¿ ® ;+oGqnfO{ k'ghL{jg lbg klg ;xdt x'ge ' of] . !)= ef®t ;®sf®åf®f b]xfosf ljifox¿df tTk®tf JoQm eof] M s_ ;8s, ®]n ;Dks{, ;Ldf If]qdf k"jf{wf® ljsf;, hn;|ft] , t]n kfOknfOg lgdf{0f, ljz]if cfly{s If]q, ljdfg:yn Ifdtf clea[l4 ® b'O{ b]zsf ;®sf®åf®f kf®:kl®s ;xdltåf®f lgwf{®0f ul®g] c¿ If]qdf bL3{sfnLg 7"nf ;+®rgf;“u ;DalGwt kl®of]hgfx¿sf] k|ult tfs]tf ug{ ] . v_ g]kfn ;®sf®sf] ah]6sf nflu tTsfn Ps} k6s ef=?= !)) s®f]8 cg'bfg k|bfg ug{ ] . u_ g]kfn ;®sf®n] k|fyldstfdf ®fv]sf kl®of]hgfx¿sf] ;~rfngsf] nflu !)) ldlnog cd]l®sL 8n®sf] C0f k|:tfj ug{ ] . 3_ rfn" cfly{s jif{df g]kfnsf nflu ;xof]u ah]6 ef= ?= ^% s®f]8 af6 ef= ?= !%) s®f]8 a[l4 ug{ ] . ª_ ;'®Iff ;fdu|L vl®bsf] ljifodf g]kfn ;®sf®n] ef®t ;®sf®nfO{ cfhsf ldltdf e'QmfgL ug{ af“sL ®sd ldgfxf ug{ ] . r_ @%,))) d]l6«s 6g dn ;x'lnot b®df tTsfn cfk"lt{ ug{] Joj:Yff ldnfpg] . 5_ g]kfndf lgld{t ® ef®tdf lgof{t x'g] ;a} pTkfbgdf nufp“b} cfPsf] $% k|ltzt cltl®Qm eG;f® cGtMz'Ns ldgfxf ug{ ] . h_ eG;f® dx;'n lkmtf{ sfo{qmd (Duty Refund Procedure Scheme) cGtu{t g]kfnnfO{ ;a}] ®sd lbg] k|lqmof cl3 a9fpg] . em_ ef®t ;®sf®åf®f 5fqfx¿;d]t g]kfnL ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ pknAw u®fO“b} cfPsf] 5fqj[lQnfO{ bf]Aa® u®fpg] . `_ OlG8og cfon skf{®] ; ] gn] g]kfn cfon lgud;“u ldn]® t]n cfk"lt{ ;DaGwdf ltg{ af“sL ®sd e'QmfgL k|lqmofsf] k'glg{wf®0f ug{5 ] . !!= dfly plNnlvt lg0f{oaf6 g]kfnL hgtf nfeflGjt xf]pg\ eGg] ;'lglZrt ug{ ® kf®:kl®s lxtsf nflu ef®t ® g]kfnaLr cfly{s ;xof]u cem a9L alnof] agfpg] p2]Zon] oL lg0f{osf] sfof{Gjogsf nflu l5§} cg'udg -kmnf]ck_ ug{ k|wfgdGqLx¿ ;xdt x'ge ' of] . !@= g]kfnsf k|wfgdGqLn] ef®tsf k|wfgdGqLnfO{ g]kfnsf] cf}krfl®s e|d0fsf] nflu lgdGq0ff lbg'eof] . ef®tsf k|wfgdGqLn] xif{sf;fy pQm lgdGq0ff l:jsfg'e { of] . pQm e|d0f cfk;L ;'ljwfcg';f® lgwf{l®t ldltdf x'g] 5 . gof“ lbNnL, @^ h]7 @)^# -k|wfgdGqL sf]O/fnfsf] ef/t e|d0fsf qmddf hf/L ul/Psf] ;+oQ' m jQmJosf] cgf}krfl/s cg'jfb h:tfsf] To:t} ._

a'4

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July-Sept 2006

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æ;'/Iffsf s'/f ug{ k'gM a}7s a:5Æ

hn;|f]t / ;Ldf .. r]t]Gb|h+u lxdfnL

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g\ @)@^ ;Dddf ef®tsf] hg;+Vof clxn] ;jf ca{ ®x]sf]df bf]Aa® x'g] k|If]k0f 5 . hldg tlGsGg . ;fwg ® ;|ft] klg gtGs]nfg\ . vfP® g} af“Rg'k¥of] . pgLx¿nfO{ kfgL sxf“af6 Nofpg] eGg] ;d:of 5 . otf g]kfndf eg] ckf® hn;Dkbf 5 . g]kfnsf] Tof] hn;Dkbf ef®tn] cfkm\gf] lxtsf nflu k|of]u ug]{ bL3{sfnLg gLlt agfPsf] 5 . ef®tn] NofPsf] l®e®lnªlsª kl®of]hgf oxL bL3{sfnLg gLltcGtu{tsf] xf] . p;n] a+unfb]z eP® aUg] a|≈dk'q, ef®t x'b“ } aUg] l6:6f -d]rf]_ g]kfnsf sf]zL, gf®fo0fL -u08s_, s0ff{nL ® dxfsfnL gbLsf] kfgLnfO{ blIf0fL ef®tsf] sfa]®L k'¥ofpg] ;f]r agfPsf] 5 . tfls v8]®Lu|:t blIf0fL ef®tdf yk cgfh pTkfbg ug{ ;lsof];\ ® kfgLsf] 5]nf]vn ] f] xf]; \ . otf To;af6 laxf®df pTkGg x'g] kfgLsf] cefjnfO{ k"lt{ ug{ g]kfnsf] ;LdfjtL{ If]qdf af“w agfpg] ® ;Ldf ®fhdfu{ agfpg] gLlt ef®tsf] 5 . ;Ldf ®fhdfu{ agfp“bf To;n] af“wsf] sfd :jtM u5{ eg] g]kfnL ;Ldf If]qdf af“w agfp“bf g]kfnL e"efu 8'afgsf] vt®f 5 . t® otfkl§ -g]kfn_ df kfgL hDdf x'b“ f cyf{t 8'afg x'b“ f laxf®tkm{ eg] cf]l;nf] aGg ;S5 ® hldgd'lgsf] kfgL cfpg ;S5 . o; vfnsf] ®0fgLlt ef®tsf] kfOPsf] 5 . pmhf{ t c¿ ljsNkåf®f klg Joj:yf ug{ ;lsG5 t® kfgL ;ls“bg} . To;}n] ef®tsf tkm{af6 agfOPsf oL gLltaf®] g]kfnn] pNn]Vo u[xsfo{ ug{ ;Sg'k5{ . xfd|f] gbLsf] kfgL ef®tn] kfpg] xf] eg] xfdLn] To;afktsf] kmfObf s] lng] t eGg] k|Zg;d]t ;“u;“u} cfp“5g\ . cGt®f{li6«o dfGotfcg'¿k g} tNnf]t6Lo ® dflyNnf]t6Lo kmfObfsf s'®fx¿ kb{5g\ . ef®tsf] kfgL a+unfb]z hf“bf ef®tn] t6Lo kmfObf vf]H5 eg] g]kfnsf] k|;u+ df eg] ef®tn] cfkm"n] a+unfb]z;“u bfaL ul®®x]sf] kmfObf g} lbg rfx]sf] kfO“bg} . of] c;dfgtf lsg < of] s'®f xfdLn] a'emfpg ;Sg'k5{ . xfdL;“u kfgL 5 t® To;sf] ;d'lrt pkof]u ug{ ;lsPg ® To;af6 kmfObf lng ;lsPg eg] s'g} cy{ ®x“bg} . hn;|ft] pkof]usf nflu ef®t;d]tsf d'ns ' sf] ;xof]u lng kxn x'gk' 5{ t® s]–s:tf] zt{df eGg] ljifodf klxn] g} lgSof]n { lgsflng'k5{ . oy]i6 u[xsfo{ x'gk' 5{ . kl5 k5'tfpg] l:ylt pTkGg x'gx' G' g . a'4

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July-Sept 2006

o;kfln k|wfgdGqL lul®hfk|;fb sf]O®fnfn] ef®t e|d0f ubf{ c?0f t];f| ,] a'9Lu08sLnufotsf hnljB't\ kl®of]hgfdf nufgL ug{ ef®tnfO{ cfu|x ul®Psf] s'®f cfPsf] 5 . g]kfnsf] ;Defljt lah'nLk|lt ef®tn] lgs} rf;f] lbPsf] 5 . t® tL cfof]hgfx¿ af“w agfP® lgdf{0f ;DkGg ul®“bf kxf8L If]qsf] v]tLof]Uo hldg 8'afgdf kg{ ;S5g\ . To;}n] 7"nf af“w agfpg]eGbf klg …®g ckm lb l®e®Ú k|sf®sf gbLx¿df of 7fp“df hnljB't\ kl®of]hgf agfOg'k5{ . ef®tn] g]kfndf sf]zL xfO8\ofd, ;'gsf]zL 8fOe;{g, vf“8f] sdnf, a'9Lu08sL, ®fKtL - hns'08L_, s0ff{nL, klZrd ;]tL ® dxfsfnLdf k~r]Zj®sf] ;§f k"0ff{lu®Ldf kl®of]hgf ;~rfng ug{ rf;f] lbO®x]sf] 5 . t® oL If]qdf s;®L kl®of]hgf ;~rfng ug]{ eGg]af®]df g]kfnn] cfkm\gf] ®fli6«o lxt x]gk{' 5{ . xfdL;“u kfgL 5 t® kfgLsf] pkof]u ug]{ ;|ft] ;fwg 5}g, To;}n] c¿sf] ;xof]u h?®L 5 . oBlk Tof] ;xof]u g]kfnsf] bL3{sfnLg lxtnfO{ x]®®] ul®g'k5{ . dxfsfnL ;lGw ;g\ !((^ df x'b“ f ^ dlxgfleqdf k~r]Zj® kl®of]hgfsf] lj:t[t kl®of]hgf k|ltj]bg agfpg] lg0f{o eP klg cem} k|ltj]bg aGg g;Sg'n] ;f] ;lGw g} c;kmn eO;s]sf] 5 . ljgfs'g} tof®L sfd yfNbfsf] kl®0ffd xf] of] . To;}n] o;tkm{ cfufdL lbgdf k|z:t u[xsfo{ ug'k{ 5{ . hn;|ft] sf] pkof]uaf6 g} xfdL ;DkGg aGg ;S5f} + . csf{tkm{ ef®tn] ;Ldf If]qdf g]kfnL e"efu ldRg] qmd ®f]ss ] f] 5}g . sfnfkfgL, ;':tfnufot If]q;d]t u®L ef®tn] ldr]sf] g]kfnL e"efusf] If]qkmn eQmk'® lhNnfeGbf klg 7"nf] eO;Sof] . of] ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu g]kfnsf tkm{af6 gfkL ljefusf dxflgb]z { ssf] g]tT[ j ®xg] ® ef®tdf pgs} ;dsIfL ®xg] Pp6f ;+oQ' m ;ldlt eP klg sfd cNem]sf] cNem]s} 5 . ca eg] ;g\ @))& ;Dddf o;nfO{ kf® nufpg] ;xdlt ePsf] 5 . o;vfn] ;d:ofdf ef®tn] pbf®tf b]vfpg'k5{ . ;–;fgf s'®fdf l5d]sL;“u emu8f u®]® p;sf] dxfgtf k|bz{g x'b“ g} . PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLsf] g]kfn–ef®t ;DaGw ljjfbaf6 d'lQm ® cfk;L lxtdf hn;|ft] sf] pkof]u klg xf] . -lxdfnL hn;|ft] / ;Ldf;DaGwL hfgsf/ x'g_\

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æb'O{ vfn] ;DaGwÆ

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cfj/0f

ljjfbdf pxL %) sf] ;lGw g]kfn / ef/t ;/sf/ ztflAbof}b+ l] v b'O{ d'ns ' sf aLr /lxcfPsf] ldqtfk"0f{ ;DaGwk|lt k|lta4 /x“b} pQm ;DaGwnfO{ c? ljsl;t / ;'b9[ kf/L b'O{ d'ns ' sf] zflGtnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg] p2]Zon] k/:k/ zflGt tyf d}qL ;lGw ug]{ lgZro u/L of] ;lGw ug{ lgDglnlvt JolQmx?nfO{ ;Dk"0f{ clwsf/;lxt k|ltlglw lgo'Qm ul/Psf] 5 . h;df g]kfnsf tkm{af6 dxf/fh, k|wfgdGqL tyf ;jf]R{ r ;]gfklt df]xg zdz]/ h+uaxfb'/ /f0ff / ef/t ;/sf/sf tkm{af6 g]kfndf ef/tsf dxfdlxd /fhb"t rGb|Z] j/k|;fb gf/fo0fl;+xn] Pscsf{sf] clwsf/–kq hf“Rbf 7Ls / /Ltk"js { sf] 7x¥ofOPsfn] b]xfosf k|aGwsx?nfO{ :jLsf/]sf 5g\ .

wf®f ! M g]kfn ® ef®t ;®sf®sf aLr :yfoL zflGt ® ldqtf ®lx®xg]5 . b'j} ;®sf® k®:k®df Pscsf{sf] k"0f{ k|e; ' Qf, If]qLo cv08tf ® :jtGqtfk|lt ;Ddfg ® ;dy{g ug{ :jLsf® ub{5g\ . wf®f @ M b'j} ;®sf® k®:k®df sfod ®x]sf] ldqtfk"0f{ ;DaGwdf vnn kg{ hfg] ;Defjgf ®xg] u®L s'g} l5d]sL;“u uDeL® v6k6 of ljjfb pTkGg ePdf Pscsf{nfO{ hfgsf®L lbg k|lta4 5g\ . wf®f # M wf®f ! df pNn]v ePcg';f® ;DaGw :yfkgf ug{ ® To;nfO{ sfod ug{sf nflu b'j} ;®sf® cfjZos sfdsfhsf] ;'–;~rfngsf nflu cfjZos sd{rf®L ® cfkm\gf k|ltlglwx¿åf®f Pscsf{;u“ s"6gLlts ;DaGw ®fVg ®fhL 5g\ . tL k|ltlglwx¿ ® tf]lsPsf sd{rf®Lx¿n] kf®:kl®s cfwf®df k|rlnt Joj:yfcGtu{t cGt®f{li6«o sfg'gn] k|bfg u®]sf ;a} s"6gLlts ljz]ifflwsf® ® pGd'lQmx¿nfO{ pkef]u ug]5 { g\ . oL clwsf® b'jd} Wo] Ps d'ns ' sf] s"6gLlts ;DaGw ePsf] s'g} csf]{ d'ns ' sf ;dfg :t®sf JolQmx¿nfO{ lbOPsf clwsf®eGbf s'g} klg xfntdf sd x'g] 5}gg\ . wf®f $ M b'j} ;®sf® Pscsf]{ d'ns ' sf tf]lsPsf ;x®, aGb®ufx ® cGo :yfgx¿df a:g] dxfjfl0fHoB"t, jfl0fHob"t ® pkjfl0fHob"t ® jfl0fHo k|ltlglwx¿ lgo'Qm ug{ d~h'® 5g\ . dxfjfl0fHob"t, pkjfl0fHob"t ® jfl0fHo k|ltlglwx¿nfO{ pgLx¿sf] kbflwsf®df lgo'lQmsf] j}wflgs k|df0fkq k|bfg ul®g]5 . tL kbflwsf®L of lgo'lQmsf] j}wflgs k|df0fkqnfO{ ;f] k|bfg ug]{ d'ns ' n] cfjZos 7fg]df lkmtf{ lng ;Sg]5 . ;Dej ePdf To;®L lkmtf{ lnOg'sf] sf®0fsf] hgfp lbg ;lsg]5 . dfly plNnlvt JolQmx¿n] kf®:kl®s cfwf®df tL ;a} xs, ljz]ifflwsf® ® pGd'lQmx¿sf] pkef]u ug]5 { g\ h'g tL d'ns ' sf ;dfg >]0fLsf JolQmx¿nfO{ k|bfg ul®Psf] 5 . wf®f % M g]kfn ;®sf®nfO{ cfkm\gf] ;'®Iffsf nflu cfjZos kg]{ xftxltof®, lj:kmf]6s ;fdu|L of uf]nLu¶f, snk'hf{ cflb :jtGqtfk"js { ef®tLo e"ldaf6 ef®tLo e"ld eP® cfoft ug]{ clwsf® ®xg]5 . of] k|aGwnfO{ sfo{¿k lbg b'O{ ;®sf®n] k®:k®df k®fdz{ u®L Pp6f sfo{k0| ffnL to ug]5 { g\ . wf®f ^ M b'j} ;®sf® g]kfn ® ef®taLr ljBdfg c;n l5d]sLkg ® ldqtfsf] k|tLs:j¿k Psn] csf]{ b]zsf gful®sx¿nfO{ cfkm\gf] d'ns ' sf cf}Bf]lus ® cfly{s ljsf;sf dfldnfx¿df ;xefuL x'g tyf cfly{s ljsf;;“u ;DalGwt dfldnfdf lbOg] ;x'lnot ® 7]Ssfk§fx¿df ®fli6«o Jojxf® k|bfg ug]5 { g\ . wf®f & M g]kfn ® ef®t b'j} b]zsf ;®sf® ;dfg cfwf®df Pscsf]{ b]zsf gful®sx¿nfO{ cf–cfkm\gf] e"efudf a;f]af; tyf ;DklQsf] ef]urng ug],{ pBf]u ® Jofkfl®s sf®f]af®df efu lng], 8'nlkm® ug]{ ® o:t} k|sf®sf cGo ljz]ifflwsf®x¿ k|bfg ug{ :jLs[lt k|bfg ub{5g\ .

wf®f * M hxf“;Dd oxf“ pNn]v ePsf s'®fx¿sf] ;jfn 5, ltgsf] xsdf of] ;lGwn] g]kfn ;®sf® ® ef®t ;®sf®sf] tkm{af6 la|l6; ;®sf®sf] aLrdf ePsf ;a} ;lGwx¿, ;Demf}tfx¿ ® k|tL1fkqx¿nfO{ vf®]h u®]sf] 5 . wf®f ( M of] ;lGw b'j} ;®sf®n] x:tfIf® u®]sf] ldltb]lv nfu" x'g5 ] . wf®f !) M s'g} Ps d'ns ' n] Ps jif{sf] ;"rgf lbO{ vf®]h gu®];Dd of] ;lGwsf] cl:tTj ®lx®xg]5 . sf7df8f}d+ f lj=;+= @))& ;fn ;fpg !^ ut] tbg';f® O{:jL ;+jt\ !(%) h'nfO{ dlxgfsf] #! tfl®vsf lbg of] ;lGwsf] b'j} k|ltdf x:tfIf® eof] .

zflGt tyf d}qL ;lGw;“u cfbfgk|bfg ul/Psf] kq != b'j} ;®sf® s'g} ljb]zL cfqmd0fsf®Låf®f Pscsf{s ] f] ;'®Iffdf vnn kfg]{ l:yltnfO{ ;xg ug]{ 5}gg\ . s'g} o:tf] wDsLsf] ;fdgf ug{ b'j} ;®sf® Pscsf{sf aLrsf k®fdz{åf®f k|efjsf®L sbd p7fpg]5g\ . @= g]kfn ;®sf®n] g]kfnsf] ;'®Iffsf nflu cfjZos kg]{ s'g} klg xftxltof®, uf]nfaf?b of o'4 ;fdu|L ® pks®0fx¿ ef®t ;®sf®sf] ;xfotf ® ;xdltcg';f® ef®tLo e"efu eP® cfoft ug{ ;Sg]5 . ef®tLo e"efu eP® NofOg] o:tf xftxltof® ® uf]nfaf?bx¿ l56f]5l®tf] ® lglj{£gk"js { sf] kl®jxgsf nflu ef®t ;®sf®n] pko'Qm sbdx¿ rfNg]5 . #= zflGt tyf d}qL ;lGwsf] wf®f ^ ;DaGwL Pscsf{sf] b]zsf gful®snfO{ ®fli6«o Jojxf® k|bfg ug]a{ f®] ef®t ;®sf®n] g]kfndf ®x]sf g]kfnL gful®snfO{ s]xL ;dosf nflu clgolGqt k|lt: kwf{af6 ;+®If0f k|bfg ug]{ cfjZostfdfly ef®t ;®sf® ;xdt ePsf] 5 . o; k|sf®sf] ;+®If0fsf] k|sl[ t ® kl®df0f b'j} ;®sf®sfaLr kf®:kl®s ;xdltsf cfwf®df cfjZostfcg';f® lgwf{®0f ul®g]5 . $= g]kfn ;®sf®n] g]kfnsf k|fs[lts ;|ft] sf] ljsf; cyjf s'g} cf}Bf]lus kl®of]hgfsf nflu ljb]zL ;xof]u lng] lg0f{o u®]df ef®t ;®sf® of ef®tLo gful®såf®f ®flvPsf zt{x¿ s'g} cGo ljb]zL ;®sf® of ljb]zL gful®såf®f ®flvPsf zt{eGbf g]kfnsf nflu sd cg'sn " gePdf g]kfn ;®sf®n] ef®t ;®sf® jf p;sf gful®sx¿nfO{ klxnf] k|fyldstf lbg]5 . dfly plNnlvt k|fjwfgx¿ g]kfn ;®sf®n] ;+oQ' m ®fi6«;3+ of o;sf ljlzi6 k|ltlglw ;+:yfx¿af6 lng] ;xfotfsf] xsdf eg] nfu" x'g] 5}g . %= b'j} ;®sf® Pscsf{sf] ;'®Iffdf k|lts"n k|efj kfg{ ;Sg] ultljlw ePdf s'g} klg ljb]zL gful®snfO{ lgo'lQm gug{ ;xdt ePsf 5g\ . b'j} ;®sf®n] cfjZostfcg';f® o; dfldnfnfO{ Ps csf{;dIf k|:t't ug]5 { g\ .

a'4

ofqf

July-Sept 2006

cfj/0f

k5{, Toxf“ klg af9L cfp“5 . b'O{ b]zaLr j}jflxs ;DaGw klg rN5 . sltko ;LdfjtL{ If]qdf g]kfnLsf] hUuf ef®tlt® 5 eg] ef®tLox¿sf] hUuf g]kfnlt® klg 5 . ®fhgLlts lx;fan] eg] a]nf–a]nfdf tgfj klg l;h{gf x'g] u®]sf] 5 . h:tf] df3 !( kl5 hgcfGbf]ng ;kmn gx'Gh]n ef®tsf] g]kfn;“usf] ;DaGw tgfjk"0f{ lyof] . t® ca ;'wf® cfPsf] 5 . ®fhgLlts ;DaGw h] eP klg k|fs[lts ;DaGwdf s'g} km®s k®]sf] b]lv“bg} . t® xfdL ;w}+ g]kfnL hgtfsf ;fydf 5f}+ . xfdLn] g]kfnL hgtfsf] kIfdf ;+;b\df s'®f p7fO®x]sf 5f}+ ® cem} klg p7fpg]5f}+ .

k|wfgdGqLsf] ef/t e|d0fsf d'Vo cfsif{0f

sfnfkfgLdf ef/tLo ;}lgs SofDk

– tTsfn ! ca{ ^) s®f]8 ?lkof“ ah]6®L ;xof]u . – jflif{s cg'bfg ^% s®f]8 ®x]sf]df ca a9fP® ! ca{ %) s®f]8 k'¥ofOg] . – xltof® vl®bdf ltg{ af“sL ! ca{ ^) s®f]8 ldgfxf . – g]kfnL ljBfyL{nfO{ 5fqj[lQ sf]6f bf]Aa® agfOg] . – cfon lgudn] k]6f« l] nod kbfy{jfkt ltg{ af“sL ?lkof“ e'QmfgLdf ;x'lnot lbOg] . – g]kfndf k"jf{wf® ljsf;sf nflu ;f9] ;ft ca{ ;x'lnotk"0f{ C0f lbOg] . z"Go bzdnj &% k|ltzt Aofhsf] ;f] C0f g]kfnn] @) jif{;Dddf r'Qmf ug'k{ g]{ . – g]kfndf pTkflbt ;fdfgdf ef®tn] b'O{ dlxgfb]lv nufp“b} cfPsf] $ k|ltzt cltl®Qm eG;f® z'Ns x6fof] . – g]kfn–ef®taLr xjfO{ p8fg sf]6f x6fOof] . o;cl3 ;ftfdf @* ;o l;6 Ifdtfdf p8fg ug{ kfOg] sf]6f tf]lsPsf]df ca k|lt:kwf{sf cfwf®df c;Lldt p8fg ug{ kfOg]5 . – tTsfn @% xhf® d]l6«s 6g ®f;folgs dn ef®tn] ;x'lnotk"0f{ tl®sfn] lbg] . – zflGt k|lqmofdf ;+oQ' m ®fi6«;3+ sf] e"ldsfaf®] ef®tsf] wf®0ff dfUg] sfd ePsf] 5 . o:t} kl®jlt{t kl®l:yltnfO{ ef®tn] s;®L lnPsf] 5 eGg] wf®0ff a'‰g ;d]t e|d0f ;kmn ePsf] 5 .

g;d]l6Psf ljifo

ef/tsf /fi6«klt PkLh] cAb'n snfd;“u g]kfnsf k|wfgdGqL / dGqLx¿ a'4

ofqf

July-Sept 2006

– ;Ldf ljjfb – e'6fgL z®0ffyL{ ;d:of – !(%) sf] g]kfn–ef®t zflGt tyf d}qL ;lGw – 8'afg ;d:of

cfj/0f÷;+:d/0f …t/ d]/f] o:tf] ;'vb k|f/Desf afah'b d}n] eGg} k5{ ls g]kfnL / fhb"tsf nflu Toltv]/sf] lbNnL lgs} s7Øfpg] lr;f] lyof]

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)!( ;fnsf] sflQssf] cGTolt® Ps lbg ck®f≈g ®fhf dx]Gb|af6 dnfO{ gf®fo0flx6L ®fhb®af®df af]nfx6 eof] ® a+unf g+= ! df bz{ge]6 aS:of], h'g a+unf xfn 5}g -eTsfO;lsPsf] 5_ . ;®sf®af6 x'sd' eof]– …d}n] tkfO{n + fO{ ef®tdf ®fhb"t agfP® k7fpg] lg0f{o u®] + . tkfO{s + f] s] egfO 5 <Ú …ef®tsf nflu tTsfnLg ®fhb"t g®k|tfk yfkfsf] ljdfg b'36{ gfdf k®L d[To' ePb]lv ;f] kb vfnL ®x]sf] lyof] . g]kfn ® ef®taLrsf ;DaGwdf ljBdfg tgfjsf ;Gbe{df To:tf] dxŒjk"0f{ kb w]®} ;do;Dd vfnL ®flv®xg' plrt lyPg . s;nfO{ k7fpg] eGg] ljifodf sf7df8f}+df lgs} pTs07f lyof] .Ú k®®fi6« ;lrjsf x}l;otn] ob'gfyn] tTsfnLg k®®fi6« dGqLnfO{ ;f] kbdf s;}nfO{ rf“8} lgo'Qm ug{ cg'®f]w u®]sf lyP . …To;®L ®fhb®af®af6 dnfO{ af]nfx6 x'g

;S5 eGg] s'®f dnfO{ k®®fi6«dGqL t'n;L lu®Ln] ;'gfPsf lyP . >L % dx]Gb|af6 h:t} 7f8f] k|Zg u®]® dnfO{ ®fhb"t lgo'Qm ug]{ s'®f ;f]lwaS;] klg d h'g kbdf lyP“ To; kbdf ®x]sf] JolQmsf nflu Tof] Tolt cfZro{hgs s'®f lyPg . t}klg ;®sf®af6 gfktf}n ul®sg ;f]lwaS;]sf] Tof] ;Lwf 7f8f] k|Zgn] d Psl5g clee"t eP“ . d]®f cf“vfcufl8 d}n] g]kfn–ef®t ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf] ptf®r9fjsf] lrq b]vs ] f] lyP“ . To;} a]nf !& ;fn k'; ! ut]sf] 36gfaf6 c;Gt'i6 g]kfnL sf+u; ]| sf sfo{stf{n] ;Ldfkf®af6 cfqmd0fx¿ ul®®x]sf] s'®f klg d}n] ;lDemP“ . ;q ;fnsf] To; 36gfdf g]kfnL sf+u; ]| ;®sf®sf] vf®]hL ePaf6 ef®tsf] g]tT[ j ju{df dgd'6fj k}bf ePsf] x'gfn] g]kfn ® ef®t b'O{ b]zaLrsf] ;DaGwdf s6'tf klg lyof] . *****

xfdL @)!( ;fn k'; !) ut] -!(^@ lb;Da® @%_ lbNnL hfg] eof} + . …dnfO{ ;Demgf 5 tL lbgx¿df d]®f] dgdf cln g}®fZok"0f{ ljrf®x¿ cfO®xGy] . lbNnLdf ®fhb"t eP® ug'k{ g]{ sl7g ® hl6n sfdsf] dnfO{ lrGtf lyof] . g]kfn–ef®t ;DaGwdf cfkm\g} ;d:of ® sl7gfO t 5“b} lyP . To;dfly rLg– ef®t ;DaGwdf klg s]jn Ps dlxgfcl3b]lv dfq

sl7gfO ylkPsf] lyof] . rLg ® ef®taLrsf] dgd'6fjn] g]kfn–ef®taLrsf] ;DaGwdf cfh klg yk hl6ntfsf] cg'ej u®fO®x]s} 5 . …d}n] d]®f] cf]xf]bfsf] k|df0fkq hgj®L !, !(^# sf] gof“ jif{sf] z'elbgdf ®fi6«klt ®fwfs[i0fg\;dIf k|:t't u®]+ . aL; jif{cl3 snsQfdf ljBfyL{ x'“bf pgsf] k|efjsf®L k|jrgzlQmaf6 k|efljt–cfslif{t eP® Ps lbg d pgsf] sIffdf ;'6S' s k;]sf] lyP“ . To; s'®fsf] ;Demgf ub}{ d}n] pgnfO{ ;f] 36gfsf] af®]df eg] + . pgL v';L eP . *****

…t® d]®f] o:tf] ;'vb k|f®Desf afah'b d}n] eGg} k5{ ls g]kfnL ®fhb"tsf nflu Toltv]®sf] lbNnL lgs} s7Øfpg] lr;f] lyof] . of] s6' oyfy{ dx;'; ug{ d}n] w]®} a]® k|tLIff ug'k{ ®]g . kmfu'g & ut] g]kfnsf] ®fli6«o lbj;sf] pknIodf b"tfjf;df d}n] cfof]hgf u®]sf] : jfut ;df®f]xdf s'g} ef®tLo dGqL cfPgg\ ® hf] hlt ef®tLox¿ cfP, tL klg guGo ;+Vofdf cfP . o:tf ;df®f]xdf h'g tx;Ddsf hlt ;+Vofdf pRrkb:y ef®tLo clwsf®Lx¿ cfp“5g\ Tolt dfqfdf g} ef®t ® ;DalGwt b]zsf aLrsf] ;DaGwsf] :t® k|ltljlDat x'G5 eGg] lbNnLsf] s"6gLlts ;d'bfosf] dfGotf ®x]sf] kfOG5 . pk®fi6«kltsf] cg'kl:ylt Hofbf v6\lsG5 lsgls pgL o:tf ;df®f]xdf k|foM hfG5g\ . d ® xfd|f] b"tfjf;sf sd{rf®Lx¿n] d'vfd'v u®]®

d s;/L

/fhb"t eP“ < a'4

ofqf

July-Sept 2006

cfj/0f÷;+:d/0f Pscsf{sf] cg'xf® x]¥of}+ t® s]xL af]ng] f} + .Ú ob'gfy ljgd|tfk"js { eG5g\– …o;®L d]®f] ;fj{hlgs s"6gLltsf] k|yd k|of; c;kmn b]lvof] . …To; kl®l:yltdf d]®f;fd' Ps s7f]® kvf{nh:t} xnrn ug{ g;lsg] kl®l:ylt ®x]sf] h:tf] nfUof] ® To;nfO{ d}n] kl®jt{g ug{ ;Sg] b]lvg“ . ef®tLo k|zf;g -Ao'®f]qm];L_ sf] ckf}?if]o ;+®rgf -h;nfO{ kmnfdsf ;Q®n] ag]sf] ;+®rgf eg] x'G5_ n] dnfO{ vf; d2t k'¥ofPg . d}n] Tof] c;xfo kl®l:yltsf] kL8f cg'ej u®]–+ vf;u®L ef®tLo ;+:yfkg kIfl;t x'g] cy{k0" f{ ;+nfk ug{ g;s]sf] kL8f . cfkm\gf] kbsf] st{Jo k"®f ug]{ r'gf}tL sl7g lyof] . To; sl7gfOnfO{ s;®L kf® ug]{ < *****

ob'gfy :jod\n] Tof] s"6gLlts ;kmntfkl5 Ps nfdf] ® k7gLo n]v n]vsf 5g\–…6]lSgS;\ ckm g]uf]l;P;g ;Demf}tfjftf{sf tl®sfx¿_Ú To;df pgL ;Demf}tfjftf{sf] ;kmntfsf nflu lgDglnlvt s'®fx¿sf] cfjZostf k5{ eG5g\– != ;Demf}tfjftf{ ug]{ JolQmsf] pko'Qmtf jf of]Uotf, @= p;df cGt®f{ l i6« o sfg' g sf d" n e" t s'®fx¿sf] 1fg, #= ;Demf}tfjftf{ x'g] ljifosf] ljljw kIfsf] lj: tt[ 1fg . ;fy} ob'gfysf] ljrf®df ;DalGwt kIfx¿df ;Demf}tf ug]{ OR5f x'g' klg cfjZos 5 . ha ;Demf}tfsf®L b'O{ kIfdWo] Pp6f kIf klg s'g} xfntdf ;Demf}tf gug]{ -of ;Demf}tf c;kmn kfg]_{ lgotn] k]; x'G5, ta Toxf“ ;Demf}tf ;Dej x'b“ g} . To; cj:yfdf ;Demf}tf ug{ grfxg] kIfnfO{ ts{ ® o'lQmåf®f ;Demf}tf ug{ rfxg] agfpg' klg k5{ . To;nfO{ ;Demf}tf ;kmntfsf] lgldQ csf]{ gDa® of rf}yf] gDa®df ®fVg ;lsG5 . h:t}– $= ;Demf}tfdf k'Ug] rfxgf, %= ;Demf}tf ug{sf nflu pko'Qm ;do, ^= ;Demf}tf ug]{ k|ltlglwd08nsf] pko'Qm g]tfsf] rog, &= ;Demf}tfjftf{sf] z}nL ® k|jl[ Q, -h:tf] ls lrlgof“ ® ef®tLoz}nLsf] leGgtf a'em\ gnfos 5_ *= ;Demf}tfsf] tof®L jf u[xsfo{ -xf]djs{_ . o; ljifodf ob'gfysf] n]vaf6 To;sf s]xL a'b“ fx¿ ptfgf{sf] sf®0f s] 5 eg] cr]n g]kfnsf ;Demf}tfsf® jf s"6gLlts k|ltlglwx¿ tL ;a s'®fdf Vofn} g®fvL ;Demf}tf jftf{df hfg] u5{g \ . ;fob To;}n] xf]nf e'6fgL z®0ffyL{ ;d:ofdf b;f}+ kN6 jftf{ x'b“ f klg s'g} k|ult gePsf] . To:t} ;g\ !(%) sf] ef®tl;tsf] ;lGw a'4

ofqf

July-Sept 2006

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July-Sept 2006

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l;Ne/ x6{ OG6/ g];gn k|f=ln=n] xfn;fn} ahf/df d';f / nfdv'§] eufpg] d]l;gx¿ NofPsf] 5 . d';f eufpg] d]l;g Yff]/} lah'nL eP lskmfotL / 3/ tyf uf]bfddf Hofb} pkof]uL x'g] atfOPsf] 5 . o:t} nfdv'§] Efufpg] d]l;g Aofl6«af6 rNg] / ;fgf] EfPsfn] jfx\o ultljlwdf pkof]uL x'g] atfOPsf] 5 . oL b'j} d]l;g ;:tf], lskmfotL, jftfj/0fLo b[li6sf]0fn] ;'/lIft ePsf] / cN6«f;f]lgs ;fpG8 k|ljlwo'St ePsfn] a9L k|efjsf/L ePsf] atfOPsf] 5 .

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July-Sept 2006

:fDks{ M l;Ne/ x6{ OG6/g];gn k|f=ln= sf]6Z] j/, sf7df8f},+ kmf]g g+= @!@!!#!

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ofqf

July-Sept 2006

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n]vs

.. w|'a t'nfw/

klg sfddf a9L s]lGb|t ®xg] :jefjsf sf®0f g]kfnLx¿ e]l6g] ® ®]:6'®G] 6x¿ ®x]sf] 7fp“;u“ Tolt kl®lrt x'gx' G' y]g . To;}n] ®]ndf e]l6Psf g]kfnL xfd|f nflu 9'u+ f vf]Hbf b]ptf ldn]h:t} eof] . ®]naf6 kf;® ;]gLsf] :6]zgdf plqPkl5 t g]kfnL bfh'efO 5\ofk5\ofKtL e]l6g yfn] . Tof] If]qtkm{ cufl8 a9\bf nfUof] xfdL g]kfns} s'g} ;x®df 5f} + . ;8s k]6Ldf v'§f xfNg] 7fp“ kfpg ufx|f] lyof] . htf uof] Tot} g]kfnL 7f]lSsg] . k;nx¿df g]kfnL lkmNdL uLt, kk uLt ® lxGbL lkmNdsf uLtx¿ 3lGs®x]sf lyP . ;u®dfyf, rf}tf®L, Pe®]:6, g]kfn xfp; o:t} gfd u®]sf ®]:6'®G] 6sf ;fOgaf]8x{ ¿ em'lG8Psf] klg Toxf“ b]Vg ;lsGYof] . dfgf}+ g]kfnsf] ®fhwfgL ;x® Go"®f]8jl®kl® g} 5f}+ ls . oxf“ o:t} xf] ;®, g]kfnLnfO{ nlIft u®]® Jofkf®–Joj;fo ul®G5, ®]ndf e]l6Psf a'4

:ofª\hfsf ®fds[i0fn] To; If]qsf] af®]df lj:t[t hfgsf®L lb+b} eg] . dn]l;ogx¿ sfdk|lt Psbd} k|lta4 x'G5g\ . To;sf] k'li6 t kl5Nnf] !) jif{df dn]l;ofn] b]z ljsf;df df®]sf] 5nfª clg Jojl:yt ;x®sf] b[Zoaf6 g} cg'dfg nufpg ;lsGYof] . To;}n] g]kfnaf6 sfd ug{ uPsfn] ;ftfa]u® t 5'§L kfpg] ;+efjgf g} x'b“ g} ®x]5 . ;ftfel®sf] sfdsf] ysfg clg ;fyLefO;“u dgel®sf] kL8f kf]Vg ljbfsf] lbg g} kv{gk' 5{ . ;fyLefO;“u hd36 ug{ ® cfjZos ;fdu|L - ;a}eGbf a9L rNg] r'®f]6, v}gL, kfgk®fu, uLtsf ;L8L, lel;8L cflb OToflb_ lsGg sf]qo} fdf e]nf x'g] ubf{ ®x]5g\ g]kfnLx¿ . ®]naf6 pq]® Psl5g lx+8b\ f klg dn]l;ofsf] k|r08 udL{n] cfn;tfn; agfO;s]sf]] lyof] . ®fds[i0fn] g]kfnL vfgfsf nflu ®fd|f] eg]® g]kfn xfp;df k'¥ofP . Toxf“ k'Ubf 6]an' 6]an' df g]kfnL bfh'efOx¿ ®dfOnf] ul®®x]sf lyP . g]kfnaf6 nluPsf] ;'s6' L ® Sofg lao®sf] ;fydf pgLx¿n] cfkm\gf] kL8f Pscsf{aLr ;f6\g kfpg'nfO{ ljbfsf] lbgsf] k"0f{ ;b'kof]u ePsf] 7flg®x]sf] dx;'; ug{ ;lsGYof] . xfd|f] t of] kL® Joyfsf] ;fyL xf], ljbfsf] lbg gvfO{ ;ls+bg} . ;®x¿n] klg cfh xfdL;“u

ofqf

July-Sept 2006

a;]® vfg'k5{ .®fds[i0fn] xfdLnfO{ klg s® ub}{} Sofg lao®sf] c8{® lbP . pgn] # jif{cl3 sfdsf] vf]hLdf dn]l;of cfpg'sf] syf ;'gfP . ;'? ;'?df Psbd} b'Mv a]xf]gk{' ®]sf] oyfy{ klg pgL;“u 5 . cfk"mn] sfd u®]sf] On]S6«fl] gS; sDkgLdf emG8} c9fO ;o g]kfnL sfo{®t ®x]sf] atfpg] ®fds[i0f sdfOsf] af®]df cem} ;Gt'i6 x'g ;s]sf 5}gg .\ d dfq xf]Og, oxf“ ;a}sf] ;d:of o: t} xf] . 7"–n7"nf k|nf]egdf k®]® cfPsf x'G5g\ . Tof]cg'¿k g sfd kfp“5g\, g t tna g} . g]kfnLn] cf};t dfl;s & ;o l®+lu6 -!$ xhf® g]kfnL_ eGbf a9L sdfpg cfkm\gf] bIftf ® 7"n} d]xgt ug'k{ g]{ ts{ cufl8 ;fb}{ pgn] eg] . sDkgL ®fd|f] k¥of] eg] dfq xf] geP ;®sf®L n]aL ltbf{ ® To;}af6 vfg÷nfpg' kbf{ ;f]rc ] g'¿k k};f arfpg g;lsg] oyfy{tfnfO{ pgLx¿n] k|:6\ofP . yf]®} vr{ u®]® vfG5' eg]

kfOn}lkR5] g]kfnL 7lu+bf ®x]5g\ . g]kfn xfp;sf d]gh ] ® lg®h ;fksf]6f cfkm"df bIftf ® efiffsf] 1fg glnO{ cfpg]x¿n] dn]l;ofdf 7"nf] b'Mv e]mNg'kl®®x]sf] oyfy{tf ;'gfp“5g\ . To;sf nflu sfdbf® cfkm} klg rgfvf] eP® dfq sfdsf nflu cfpg'kg]{ ;Gb]z pgsf] 5 . !% jif{eGbf d'lgsf v]nf8Lsf] b'O{ lbj;Lo lqms]6 k|ltof]lutf -PnfO6 l8lehg_ sf nflu ;dfrf® ;+sng ug{ d sl®a bO{ ;ftf dn]l;of a;]sf] lyP“ . ;d:of c¿ klg ®x]5g\ dn]l;ofdf OG8f]gl] ;ofnL l76L;“u g]kfnL o'jfx¿ Af®flng] ® 3® v]t a]rs ] f] ®sd df]h d:tLdf ;Sg] klg . To;} klg sd cfDbfgL To;kl5 o;vfn] jftfj®0fn] g]kfnLsf] p2]Zo k"®f x'g] 5f“6sf“6 b]lvGg . ldq b'uf{gfy ® a'l4axfb'® eg] cDkfPl®ª ug ;“u} lyP . o:t} 5 xfn dnfof pkm{ dn]l;ofsf] . w

p8fP/} cfgGb .. sdn kf}8]n

®]jf s]sf nflu kflnG5 < df;' vfg jf dgf]®~hg lng . of] k|Zg pkTosf aflx®sf dfG5]nfO{ ;f]Wof] eg] pgLx¿sf] ;xh pQ® x'G5– df;' vfg of t dlGb®df r9fpg . t® oxL k|Zg sf7df8f}s + f :yfgLo JolQmnfO{ ;f]Wof] eg] pgLx¿sf] pQ® km®s x'G5 . k®]jfnfO{ oxf“ ljz'4 dgf]®~hgsf nflu kflnG5 g ls df;'sf nflu . lsgls zflGtsf] k|lts dflgPsf] k+5LnfO{ dfg'{ x'Gg eGg] hgljZjf; oxf“ 5 . Dfflg;df y®L–y®Lsf zf]v x'G5g\ . k®]jf p8fP® dhf lng] zf}lvgx¿sf] ;+Vof ®fhwfgLdf al9®x]sf] 5 . pgLx¿n] k®]jf kfns ;+3 g} vf]n®] zf]vnfO{ lg®Gt®tf lbPsf 5g\ . k®]jf p8fg k|ltof]lutfs} ¿kdf klg a]nfa]nfdf x'g] u®]sf] 5 . Tof] klg dgf]®~hgs} nflu xf] . ;f] k|ltof]lutfdf ;fd]n x'g ®fhwfgLsf ! ;o $) hgf k®]jf kfns ;+3df cfa4 5g\ . …ef®t nufot cGo b]zdf $) cf}+ jif{bl] v o:tf k|ltof]lutf x'g] u®]sf] eP klg g]kfndf eg] of] v]n x'g yfn]sf] %–^ jif{ dfq x'b+“ 5 } Ú, ;+3sf pkfWoIf lht]Gb| ah|frfo{ eG5g\– …Pp6f v]nf8LnfO{ k|ltof]lutfdf ;fd]n u®fpg

h:tf] tof®L ul®G5 To:t} tof®L k®]jfnfO{ klg ul®Psf] x'G5 . cfjZos kf}li6s cfxf® v'jfP® k|ltof]lutf x'g tLg dlxgf klxn]bl] v ltgLx¿nfO{ lgoldt tflnd lbOG5 .Ú & j6f k®]jf p8fgsf nflu tof® kfg{ sDtLdf $) k®]jfnfO{ tflnd lbg'k5{ . olt w]®} ;+Vofdf k®]jf k|lzlIft ug{s ' f] sf®0f afhn] cfsfzd} w]®h } ;f] k®]jf vfOlbg] ugf{n] xf] . k]l®lu|g kmfNsg gfds afhsf] *) k|ltzt cfxf®f k®]jf g} xf] . tflnddf nueu rf® bh{g k®]jfnfO{

…zflGtsf k|lts k/]jf v'nf cfsfzdf p8]sf] x]g{ hlt cfgGb cfpF5 Tof]eGbf a9L kL8fbfos afhn] o;nffO{ lzsf/ agfpFbf x'g] u5{Ú

;xefuL u®fOG5 . tLdWo] sDtLdf & j6f afhsf] cfqm0faf6 ar]® kmls{o'g\ eg]® g} Toltsf] ;+Vofdf k®]jf p8fOg] ul®Psf] k®]jf kfns jhf|rfo{ atfp“5g\ . ltgLx¿ kmls{g] gkmls{g] xft afhsf] x'G5 gls k®]jf kfnssf] pgL eG5g\ . k|ltof]uLsf] 3®af6 g} ;+rfng x'g] o; k|ltof]lutfdf ;xefuL x'g] k®]jf kfns;“u sDtLdf % j6f ® a9Ldf & k®]jf x'g cfjZos x'G5 . p8fOPsf k®]jf ! 306feGbf sd ;dod} cjt®0f u®]df To:tf k®]jfsf] u0fg} gu®L :jtM k|ltof]lutfaf6 aflxl®Psf] dflgg] 5 . k|ltof]uL kf“r k®]jfsf] p8fg ;do u0fgf u®L pTs[i6 # k|luof]lunfO{ k|yd, låtLo ® t[tLo 3f]if0ff u®L l;N8, k|df0fkq ® gub k'®:sf® lbOG5 . o; jif{ ut h]7sf] clGtd xKtfdf ePsf] k|ltof]lutfdf sf7df8f+} sflndf6Lsf ®fh' dxh{gsf % k®]jfsf] ;d"x s'n !( 306f @% ldg]6 p8]® klxnf] ePsf] lyof] eg] !# 306f @& ldg]6 p8]® c;gsf 608]Zj® dfg zdf{sf] låtLo ® !! 306f ! ldg]6 p8]® jfg]Zj®sf ®f]zg cfrfo{sf] ;d"x t[tLo ePsf] lyof] . a'4

ofqf

July-Sept 2006

l/kf]6{

Kf®]jf p8fpg] v]n x]bf{ ;®nh:tf] b]lvP klg k®]j] f kfns o;df y'k}| ;d:of;“u ;fdgf ug'{ kl®®x]sf] atfp“5g\ . k®]jfnfO{ hldgdf ljleGg ®f]uaf6 arfpg'k5{ eg] k®]jf cfsfzdf p8fp“bf afhn] o;nfO{ lzsf® agfpg] ub{5 . …zflGtsf k|lts k®]jf v'nf cfsfzdf p8]sf] x]g{ hlt cfgGb cfp“5 Tof]eGbf a9L kL8fbfos afhn] o;nffO{ lzsf® agfp“bf x'g] u5{,Ú pkfWoIf ah|frfo{ eG5g\– …of] k|sl[ tsf] lgod hlt qm'® eP klg o;nfO{ xfdLn] :jLsfg{k}{ 5{ . o;sf] ®f]syfdsf nflu xfdL;“u s'g} pkfP g} 5}g \ .Ú o:tf k|ltof]l] utfdf p8fOg] k®]jf …xfO

a'4

ofqf

July-Sept 2006

km\nfo®Ú hftsf x'G5g\ . oL !! 306f;Dd cfsfzd} ljr®0f ug{ ;S5g\ . o:tf k®]jfsf] k|hgg klg kfnsn] cfkm\g} 3®df u®fp“5g\ . j}1flgs ¿kdf k|dfl0ft x'g g;s] klg k®]jfsf] lbdfu sDkf;;®x x'G5 eGg] egfO 5 . h'g 3®af6 k®]jf p8fOG5 306f}+ cfsfzdf ljr®0f u®]kl5 ;f]xL 3®sf] 5tdf k®]jf cjt®0f u5{ . p;n] cfkm\gf] jf;:yfg slxNo} klg e'Nb}g . h'g k®]jf nfdf] ;do;Dd cfsfzdf p8\g ;S5 ;f]xL k®]jfsf] kfnsnfO{ ljh]tf 3f]lift ul®G5 . To:tf k®]jfnfO{ p8\g yfn]blv g} tflnd lbOPsf] x'G5 . ;f]xL tflndsf sf®0f nfdf] ;do;Dd cfsfzd} sfjf

vfP® tLlgx¿ ljr®0f ug{ ;kmn x'G5g\ . k®]jfdf ®f]u nfUbf kz' lrlsT;saf6 ;d]t pkrf® ug{ c;dy{ x'gn ' ] klg slxn]sxL+ k®]jf kfnsdf lg®fzf cfpg] u®]sf] 5 . kz'k5 + Lsf 8fS6®af6 klg k®]jfdf nfUg] ljleGg ®f]ux¿ lgsf] kfg{ g;Sg] x“'bf k®]jfkfns :jo+n] 3/]n' pkrf® ug{] u®]sf 5g\ . k|foM w]®h } ;f] k®]jfkfnsn] dflg;nfO{ lbOg] cf}ifwL lbg] u®]sf 5g\ . s;}s;}n] 3®]n' cf}ifwLsf] klg k|of]u ul®®x]sf 5g\ . g]kfndf kfOg] *;o k|hfltsf r®fdWo]sf] k®]jf Ps xf] . w

rfOgfhfg] a; .. w'|j kf}8]n

kfn ® rLgaLr k®LIf0fsf ¿kdf ut jif{ ;~rflnt ;Lwf a; ;]jfnfO{ xfn} b'a} b]zn] lg®Gt®tf lbg] ;xdlt hgfPsf 5g\ . ;fxdlt;“u} b'a' } b]zaLr ;Lwf a;;]jf ;~rfng ug{] emG8} !@ jif{cufl8sf] ;Demf}tfn] k"0f{tf kfPsf] 5 . ;Lwf a; ;~rfng ug{] ;Demf}tf ;g\ !(($ d] ^ tfl®vsf lbg ePsf] lyof] . g]kfn ® rLgsf] :jzfl;t If]q ltAatsf ;®sf®L clwsf®Lsf] xfn} ltAatsf] Nxf;fdf ;DkGg a}7sdf ;Lwf a;;]jfnfO{ lg®Gt®tf lbg]

P]ltxfl;s lg0f{o ePsf] xf] . k®LIf0f cjlwdf b]lvPsf ;d:ofnfO{ ;s];Dd l56f] ;dfwfg ug{] a}7sdf ;xdlt ePsf] >d tyf oftfoft Joj:yf dGqfnon] hgfPsf] 5 . g]kfnsf] tkm{af6 ;femf oftfoftsf] Jofg®df ltAat uf]vf{ 6«feN; sDkgL lnld6]8 tyf rLgsf] tkm{af6 ltAatl:yt lxdfno 6«fG;kf]6{ Dofg]hd]G6 sDkgLn] b'a}tkm{af6 xKtfdf Ps÷Ps j6f a; ;~rfng ul®®x]sf 5g\ . t® b'a}tkm{sf] ;xdltdf Psftkm{sf]

a;df k|fylds :jf:Yo, 6]lnkmf]g, vfgf, cf/fdbfoL ;L6 / zf}rfnosf] Joj:yf;d]t ul/Psf] 5 .

ef8fb® &) cd]l®sL 8n® tf]lsPsf] 5 eg] Ps d'ns ' sf] d'bf| csf{] b]zdf ;lhn} rnfpg ;lsg] Joj: yf ldnfOPsf] 5 . sf7df8f}a+ f6 ( ;o %) lsnfld6®sf] b'®Lsf] ®x]sf] Nxf;f;Dd k'Ugsf] nflu b'O{ lbg;Dd nfUg] ePsf]n] ofq'x¿nfO{ l;ufTr]df af; a:g] Joj:yf ldnfOPsf] 5 . ;d"b| ;txaf6 !% xhf® lkm6 prfO;Ddsf] af6f] x“b' } a; u'8g\ ] ePsfn] cToGt ;'ljwf;DkGg a;df k|fylds :jf:Yo, 6]lnkmf]g, vfgf, cf®fdbfoL ;L6 ® zf}rfnosf] Joj: yf;d]t ul®Psf] 5 . Jofks tof®Lsf afah'b ;~rfng ePsf] ;Lwf a;;]jfdf ;]jf cf®De ePb]lv g} b'at} km{ s]xL ;d:of b]lvP . klxnf] t g]kfnsf] lau“b| f] ®fhgLlts kl®l:yltn] ubf{ a]nfa]nfdf eO®xg] aGb, x8tfn, rSsf hfdh:tf lj®f]w sfo{qmdn] ;Lwf a;;]jfnfO{ k|ToIf k|efj kf¥of] . oxL a'4

ofqf

July-Sept 2006

;DaGw sf®0fn] ;Lwf a;;]jf clgoldt x'b“ f kl5Nnf s]xL dlxgfb]lv sf7df8f}s + f af}4nufot ljleGg 7fp“af6 cglws[t ¿kaf6 ;Lwf a;;]jfsf gfddf c¿ g} a; ;~rfngdf NofOP . o:tf u}®sfg'gL ;~rfnsn] ofq'x¿nfO{ sf7df8f}a+ f6 sf]bf®L gfsf;Dd cGo a;df n}hfg] ® ;Ldf kfl®af6 lrlgof“ ;jf®L ;fwgdf k7fpg] sfd u®] . o;n] ;Lwf a;;]jfsf] k|lti7fdf cfr k'¥ofpg] dfq} geO{ b'j} b]zaf6 ;~rfng ePsf] ®fli6«o Wjhfjfxs a;x¿sf] ;]jfnfO{ cj?4 ug]{ lsl;dsf sl7gfO;d]t pTkGg eof] . a}7sdf o:tf lsl;dsf] cj}w ;]jfnfO{ k|efjsf®L lsl;dn] lgoGq0f ug]a{ f®] klg b'j} kIfaLr ;xdlt ePsf] 5 . g]kfnaf6 rLgsf] ltAat hfg rfxg] t];f| ] b]zsf ljb]zL ko{6snfO{ rLg ;®sf®n] u|k' le;f dfq lbg] u®]sf] lyof] . JolQmut ® Psn le;f glbgfn] ;Lwf a;;]jfsf] ofq' ;+Vofdf s]xL k|efj k®]sf]] lyof] . le;faf®] b]lvg cfPsf ;d:of g]kfnL kIfaf6 k|fyldstf lbO{ 5nkmndf p7fOPsfdf b'j} b]zaLr ;g\ !(($ df ePsf] ;Demf}tfsf cfwf®df g} t];f| ] b]zsf] ljb]zL ko{6sx¿nfO{ Nxf;f hfg] le;f lbg]tkm{ l5§} ;Sbf] k|oTg u®L ;d:of lg®fs®0f ug]{ cfZjf;g lrlgof“ kIfn] lbPsf] 5 .

t® Jofjxfl®s ;d:of pTkGg ePkl5 k|jz ] f1f ® ltAat e|d0f Joj:yfkgsf] lhDdf ;g;fOg Nxf;f sf7df8f}+ 6«feN;nfO{ lbOof] . k|To]s ofq'sf] le;f k|f; ] l] ;+uafkt ;g;fOgnfO{ !) cd]l®sL 8n® cyf{t\ sl®a & ;o g]kfnL ?lkof“ a'emfpg'kg{] lgod klg aGof] . o;n] Nxf;f e|d0fdf hfg] g]kfnL ofq'sf] vr{df a[l4 ePsfn] g]kfnL ofq'n] o;sf] Jofks ¿kdf cfnf]rgf u®]sf] hfgsf®L lrlgof“ kIfnfO{ u®fOof] . 5nkmnsf qmddf g]kfnL ko{6sn] le;f k|f; ] l] ;ª z'Ns egL r'Qmf ug'k{ l®®x]sf] ;f] ®sd 5'6 ug{ rLg ;®sf®sf tkm{af6 cfjZos k|oTg ug]{ cfZjf;g k|fKt ePsf] 5 . cem of] ;d:ofnfO{ bL3{sfnLg ¿kdf ;dfwfg ug{] p2]Zon] …le;f k|f; ] l] ;ªÚ sf nflu b'j} kIfn] Ph]G6 lgo'Qm ug{] tof®L klg eO®x]sf] 5 . k|ToIf a; ;]jfdf ;+nUg x'g] g]kfnL a;rfns, kl®rfnsnfO{ rLg ;®sf®n] ko{6s le;f dfq} pknAw u®fPsf] lyof] . h;n] ubf{ k|To]s l6«kdf a;sf sd{rf®Ln] le;f lng'kg{] afWotf lyof] . xfn;Dd pknAw u®fOPsf] ko{6g le;fsf] ;§f …jls{ª le;fÚ kfpg'kg]{ eGg] g]kfnL kIfsf] cg'®f]waf®] 5nkmn x'b“ f cab]lv o:tf] le;fsf nflu sf7df8f}l+ :yt lrlgof“ b"tfjf;df b®vf:t lbPkl5 pknAw x'g ;Sg]

Nxf;fe|d0fdf hfg] !) k|ltzt ko{6sx?nfO{ dfq} g]kfn leq\ ofpg ;s]df g]kfnn] emG8} !) nfv cd]l/sL 8n/ a/ fa/ sf] cfDbfgL ug{ ;Sg]5 a;af6 Nxf;f hfg] g]kfnL ofq'nfO{ ToxLsf] ;®sf®L lgsfon] tf]s]sf] :yfgdf dfq 3'Dg kfpg] ® tf]ss ] f] xf]6neGbf afx]ssf xf]6ndf a:g gkfpg] Joj:yf ul®Psf] lyof] . lrlgof“ kIfn] g]kfnaf6 hfg] ko{6s dfq} geO{ Toxf“ ®x]sf cfkmGtnfO{ e]6g\ hfg] JolQmnfO{ ;d]t tf]lsPsf] z'Ns lt®]® tf]lsPsf] xf]6ndf dfq a:g'kg{] afWofTds k|fjwfg ®fv]sf] lyof] . t® kl5Nnf] a}7sdf ;xdlt ePkl5 g]kfnL ofq'n] cfkm\gf] uR5]cg';f® ®f]h®] ko{6sx¿sf nflu egL 5'6o\ fOPsf] s'g} klg xf]6ndf a:g kfpg] ;'ljwf pknAw ePsf] 5 . k®LIf0fsfnsf] ;' ? tfsf ;femf oftfoftnfO{ g]kfnsf] tkm{af6 k|jz ] f1f;DaGwL sfd ug{] cflwsfl®s ;+:yf tf]lsPsf] lyof] . a'4

ofqf

July-Sept 2006

Joj:yf ePsf] hgfOPsf] 5 . lrlgof“ e"efudf g]kfnL kIfsf] a; k|jz ] ubf{ btf{nufotsf cGo k|lqmofx¿ k"®f gu®]sf] pNn]v ub{} To;nfO{ k"®f ug{ lrlgof“ kIfaf6 ePsf] cfu|xnfO{ g]kfnL kIfn] ;xdlt hgfPsf] 5 . Nxf;fd} ePsf] Ps csf{] ;xdltcg';f® ofq'sf] rfksf] sf®0faf6 a;;]jf yk ug'k{ g]{ cj:yf ;[hgf ePdf Ps csf]a{ Lr ;dGjo ul®g'kg],{ ef8fj[l4 ug'k{ ®] b'j} kIfaLr cfjZos 5nkmn u®L ahf®d"Nosf cfwf®df ug{ ;lsg]5 . rLg ;®sf®af6 ;~rflnt a;sf] ;'ljwfsf nflu g]kfndf a; ®fVg] :yfg ® l6s6 laqmL ug]{ sIfx¿sf] xfnsf] l:yltdf ;'wf® ug'k{ g]a{ f®] rLg ;®sf®sf tkm{af6 ul®Psf]

cg'®f]wdf g]kfnsf tkm{af6 To:tf k"jf{wf®df ;'wf® ug]{ cfZjf;g lbOPsf] 5 . a; ;]jfnfO{ cem} ;'b9[ agfpg] ;DaGwdf cWoog tyf 5nkmn ug{sf nflu oxL ;g\ @))^ leq rLg ;®sf®sf] Ps pRr:t®Lo 6f]nLn] g]kfn e|d0f ug]{ atfOPsf] 5 . Ps jif{sf] k®LIf0fsfndf b'a} b]zsf] emG8} @ xhf® $ ;o ofq' cf];fg{] nIo ®flvPsf] ;Lwf a;;]jf sl®a !% ;o ofq'n] dfq pkof]u u®] . oBlk ljleGg ;d:ofsf afjh'b ;+odtfsf ;fy a; rNg'nfO{ ;sf®fTds ¿kdf lng'k5{ . ;Lwf a; ;]jfsf] lg®Gt®tfn] t'ngfTds ¿kdf g]kfnn] a9L kmfObf lng ;Sg] b]lvG5 . Ps tYof+scg';f® rLgsf] ltAatdf jflif{s !) nfveGbf a9L lrlgof“ ko{6s cfpg] u5{g\ . ltAatsf] ;b®d'sfd Nxf;fnfO{ rLgsf] d'Voe"ld hf]8\g] l5+uxfO{–ltAat ®]ndfu{sf] lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg eO;s]sf] 5 . cfufdL h'nfO{ dlxgf;Dddf ;~rfng x'g] ;f] ®]n;]jfaf6 b}lgs * ;o ofq' Nxf;faf6 cf]xf]®bf]xf]® ug{] cg'dfg ul®Psf] 5 . To;n] ltAatsf] e|d0fdf cfpg] ko{6ssf] ;+Vofdf 7"nf] a[l4 x'g] lglZrt 5 . oBlk ®] ; ;] j f ;~rfng x' g ' k " j { g} Nxf;fe|d0fdf hfg] !) k|ltzt ko{6snfO{ dfq} g]kfn leq\ofpg ;s]df g]kfnn] emG8} !) nfv cd]l®sL 8n® a®fa®sf] cfDbfgL ug{ ;Sg] cWoogx¿n] b] v fPsf 5g\ . ®]n;]jfsf] ;~rfngkl5 Nxf;fx'b“ } g]kfn cfpg] ko{6sx¿sf] ;+Vofdf klg a[l4 x'g] b]lvG5 . h;nfO{ g]kfnsf] lxtdf pkof]u ug{ ;s] rLg;“usf] wfGg} g;Sg] u®L a9\b} uO®x]sf] g]kfnsf] Jofkf® 3f6f sd ug{ ;xof]u k'Ug] k|z:t ;Defjgf 5 . ;g\ @))% df dfq} g]kfnrLgaLrsf] sf]bf®L gfsfaf6 #& xhf® # ;o @& ko{6s g]kfn lelqPsf lyP . tLdWo] !$ xhf® * ;o @( hgf lrlgof“ ko{6s lyP . hals ;g\ @))% df xjfO{ dfu{af6 g]kfn lelqPsf lrlgof“ ko{6ssf] ;+Vof ^ xhf® @ ;o ## dfq ®x]sf] 5 . sf]bf®Laf6 g]kfn cfpg] ko{6ssf] b® pNn]vgLo ¿kdf a[l4 eO®x]sf] kl5Nnf jif{x¿sf] tYof+sn] :ki6 kf®]sf] 5 . o;n] ;Lwf a; ;]jfsf] lg®Gt®tfnfO{ ;'lglZrt kf®]sf] 5 . cem ;Lwf a;;]jfdf b]lvPsf sdL sdhf]®LnfO{ ;Rofp“b} ® ;]jf la:tf® ub{} hfg] xf] eg] o;sf] eljio pHhn 5 . g]kfnrLgaLrsf] d}qLk"0f{ ;DaGwnfO{ cem a9L k|uf9 agfpg] ® b'a} b]zsf] ko{6sLo ® Jofkfl®s ;DaGw la:tf® ug{] clek|fo eP tfklg o;n] b'a} b]zaLrsf] hg:t®sf] ;DaGwnfO{ ;d]t cem dha't agfpg] b]lvG5 .w

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hwfgLaf6 blIf0f e]u df sl®a @ xhf® @ ;o $( ld6®sf] prfOdf cjl:yt dgf] ® d0fLo : yn rDkfb]jL dfO{sf af®]df ;fob sd dfG5]nfO{ dfq yfxf x' g ;S5 . hLjg k|;fb kf}8n] k|To]s jif{ j}zfv ! ut] Toxf“ 7"nf] d]nf nfU5 . ;f] lbg emG8} # 3G6fsf] k}bn ofqf u/L xhf®f}+ tLy{ofqL rDkfb]jL :yfg k'U5g\ . pQm lbg d]nf eg{ cfpg] tLyf{nn ' fO{ ;j{t–kfgL af“8g\ vf]sgf a'u+ dtL, rfkfufp“ If]qb]lvsf ls;fgx¿ cl3NNff] lbg b]lvg} rDkfb]jLsf] 8f“8fdf hfu|fd a:g] u/]sf 5g\ . åGåsf] qf;lbdf g} lsg gxf];\ oxf“sf ;f]emf ls;fgx¿nfO{ s'g} km®s kb{g} . wd{sf nflu cfpg] t xf] xfdLnfO{ s] km®s kb{5 ® < vf]sgfsf ^@ jifL{o kf]rf dxh{g eG5g\ . rDkfb]jLdf df3] ;+qmflGt, WffGok"l0f{df cflb pT;jx¿df klg sf7df8f}s + f] x'8+ ,' 6Ns', 8'“8]rf}®, z]ifgf®fo0f, blIf0fsfnL, ;]ltb]jL, rfNgfv]n, dR5]ufp“ ® sLlt{k®' gu®kflnsf If]qsf afl;Gbfx¿ k"hfcfhf ub{5g\ . rDkfb]jLaf6 ljZjsf] ;jf]R{ r lzv® ;u®dfyf, cGgk"0f{, dgf:n', u0f]z ] , nfd6fª, uf}®Lz+s®, h'un cflb lxdfnx¿ k|i6} b]Vg ;lsG5 ;fy} pkTosfsf] pTklQsf] syf;“u hf]l8Psf] 6f}bx kf]v®Lnufot clwsf+z efusf] oxf“af6 b[Zofjnf]sg ug{ ;lsG5 . dftf rDkfb]jLnfO{ ] jf0ff;'® n]s, rGbflul® n]s, sfNy'Ds], hf]luu'kmf, af];g 8f“8f, 7"nf]kf]v®L nufotn] 3]/s ] f] 5 . log} rDkfb]jLsf] d'gL cyf{t kfpdf a'4 wdf{jnDaLx¿sf dxfg u'? kB;Dejsf] ! ;o * lkm6 cUnf] ljzfn d"lt{ :yfkgf x'g uO®x]sf] 5 . h'g d"lt{ ;DejtM cfh;Dds} g]kfnsf] klxnf] 7"nf] d"lt{ x'g5 ] . cflbdsfndf o; wtL{ d f dg' i osf]

sf]vaf6 hGd geO{ sdnsf] k'ikaf6 kB;Dejsf] pTklQ ePsf] ® kl5 wd{ k|rf®–k|;f®sf] l;nl;nfdf ljleGg 7fp“ x'b“ } kmlk{ªsf] z]ifgf®fo0f :yfg cfPsf] s'®f a'4 u|Gydf pNn]v ePsf] kfOG5 . 1fg k|fKt ug]{ ;a}eGbf pko'Qm kljq :yn z]ifgf®fo0f :yfg ePsfn] ToxL+ a;]® kB;Dejn] a'4Tj k|fKt ug'{ePsfn] o; If]qsf] glhs ®x]sf] 8f]Nn'df kB;Dejsf] d"lt{ :yfkgf ul®gnfu]sf] s'®f o; d"lt{sf l8hfOg® ;do ah| nfdf atfp“5g\ . rDkfb]jL leq ljzfn e"ldut hnfzo ®x]sf] hfgsf/x¿sf] egfO 5 . ToxL hnfzosf] lgsf;sf] ¿kdf rDkfb]jL 8f“8fsf cf;kf;df gf}dn ' ,] dR5]gf®fo0fsf] d'xfg, ;ftd'n] tyf rlNtvf]nf cflbsf d'xfgaf6 kfgL au]sf] xf] eGg] wf®0ff e"ldut hnla1 8f= lbAo®Tg s+;fsf®sf] 5 . ha o; e]udf kfgLsf] xfxfsf® cyf{t v8]®L kb{5, oxf“sf ls;fgx¿ kfgL dfUg log} rDkfb]jLsf] k"hfcf®fwgf ug{ hfG5g\ . k|FoM h;F] k"hfcfhf u®]sf] a]ns ' flt® kfgL cfpg] ;d]t u/]sf] 5 . k|fs[lts, wfld{s tyf dgf]®d ko{6sLo

b[li6n] dxTjk"0f{:yn rDkfb]jLsf] cfkm\g} dlxdf 5 . of] If]qdf ko6{g k|a4{g ug{ / cfWoflTds zflGt lbg Ps lghL sDkgL cu|;® ePsf] 5 . …rDkfb]jL O{sf] km|G] 8nL sDkgLÚ gfdsf] ;f] sDkgLn] rDkfb]jL If]qnfO{ a[xt\ ko{6g kl®of]hgfdfkm{t ljsf; ug]{ k|:tfj u®]sf] 5 . sDkgLsf] k|:tfjnfO{ @)^! kmfu'g @& sf] jg dGqfnosf] lg0f{on] :jLs[t u®]sf] xf] . :jLs[ltkl5 sDkgLn] If]qLo jg sfof{no x]6f}8+ faf6 sa'lnotL jgsf] k'hf{ lnP® jftfj®0f k|efj d"Nof+sgsf] sfd ub}5 { . rDkfb]jL O{sf] km|]G8nL sDkgLsf] k|:tfjcg';f® sDkgLn] rDkfb]jLsf] b]j :yndf dlGb® lgdf{0f ug]5 { . ;fy} pQm rDkfb]jL 8f“8fdf Ps af}4 :t"k, kfgL kf]v®L, l®elNjª ®]i6'®G] 6 cflb lgdf{0f u®L ;f] If]qnfO{ cem cfsif{s:ynsf] ¿kdf ljsf; ug]{ nIo ®fv]sf] 5 . sDkgLn] rDkfb]jL 8f“8fdf cfjt–hfjt ug{ sl®a # lsnf]ld6® b"®Lsf] s]jn ' sf® lgdf{0f ug]{ of]hgf ;fj{hlgs u®]sf] 5 . sLlt{k®" sf] 6f}bx cf;kf; If]qaf6 lgdf{0f x'g] s]jn ' sf®af6 ofq'x¿nfO{ dlGb®;Dd k'Ug ;'ljwf x'g] sDkgLsf ;~rfns s]zj nfld5fg] atfp“5g\ . xfdL o; If]qnfO{ ®fhwfgLsf] dxŒjk"0f{ wfld{s If]q rDkfb]jLwfdsf] ¿kdf kl®lrt u®fpg] nIosf ;fy cl3 al9®x]sf 5f}—+ sDkgLsf sfg'gL ;Nnfxfsf® lszf]® lai6n] eg] . jftfj®0fLo ;+®If0fnfO{ k|dv ' k|fyldstf lb+b} rDkfb]jL 8f“8fdf tLg jif{leqdf tL; xhf® la?jf ®f]Kg] tyf cGo sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul®g] nIo klg rDkfb]jLwfd kl®of]hgf k|:tfjdf n]lvPsf] 5 . kl®of]hgf sfof{Gjog ug{ 5 s®f]8 ?k}of“ nufgL ul®g] hgfOPsf] 5 . rDkfb]jLsf] pTklQsf] ljifodf ljleGg cfVofgx¿ kfOG5g\ . >Ldb\efujt, lxdjtv08, lzjk'®f0f cflb xfd|f wfld{s u|Gy tyf g]kfnsf] k|frLg Oltxf;df ;d]t rGbflu®L kj{t ® rDkfb]jLsf] ljifodf pNn]v ul®Psf] 5 . h;cg';f/ rDkfb]jLsf] cf;kf;df jf0ff;'®sf] a'4

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July-Sept 2006

b®af® lyof] . ToxL+ a;]/ pm /fHo uYof]{ . xfn Tof] 7fp“nfO{ jf0ff;'/ n]sn] lrlgG5 . clxn] klg xfdL Toxf“ uof}+ eg] To; a]nfsf] eUgfjz]if / Tolt a] n f nufOPsf] kvf{nx¿sf s]xL c+z e]6g\ ;S5f}+ . jf0ff;'/ b}To lzj eQm lyof] . elQmdf ;w}+ tlNng p;sf] ;fydf xd];f 5f]/L piff x'lGyg\ . afa'n] lzjnfO{ h]h] k"hfkf7 ub{y] tL ;a} x]l//xlGyg\ . cflv/ pgnfO{ Tof] k|efj kg{ uO{ lzjsf] cwf{ªlugL pdfsf] elQm ug{ tflng\ . Ps lbg piffsf] elQmaf6 k|;Gg x'b“ } lzjsf ;fy lx+l8/x]sL pdfn] 6]ss ] f] Pp6f 9'u+ f piffn] l6lkg\ . x]b{} hfbf Tof] Hoflt{do eP/ rDlsof] / To;df d';d' ; ' ' xf:b} b]jL k|s6 ePsf] b]lvg\ . To;kl5 To; 9' + u fnfO{ 8f“ 8 fsf] r' r ' / f] d f nu] / /fvL k" h fcfhf ul/g\ . glhs}sf] 7"nf] rfksf] km"n nuL r9fpg yflng\ . clxn] pg} b]jLnfO{ rDkfb]jL elgPsf] :juL{o kl08t a]bgfy zdf{ kf}8n ] sf] …rDkfb]jLsf]

a'4

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July-Sept 2006

rDkfb]jLdf ® csL{ a®bf b]jLnfO{ km"nrf]sL kj{tdf ®flvPsf] s'®f a+zfjnLdf pNn]v 5 . a®bf b]jLnfO{{ ;®: jtLsf ¿kdf klg k'lhG5 . sltko k'®fgf a" 9 fkfsfx¿ rDkfb] j L ® blIf0fsfnL b'O{ lbbLalxgL x'g\ eG5g\ . s;} s;}sf] t rDkfb]jL ® afg\bj] L -8f]Nn' glhs} vf]nfsf] lt®df ®x]sL b]jL_ klg lbbLalxgL ePsf] ® Ps lbbL lt®df ® Ps alxgL le®df uP/a;]sf] eGg] egfO klg 5 .w ;]®f]km®f]Ú gfdsf] v08sfJodf pNn]v 5 . :joDe" k' ® f0fcg' ; f® c?0fk' ® af6 :joDe"sf] hof]ltln{Ësf] bz{g ug{ cfPsf cflb a'4 lzlvn] rDkfb]jLaf6 :koDe"sf] hof]ltln{Ësf] Wofg u®L bz{g u®]sf lyP . ;f]xL sf®0f :yfgLo efiff -g]jf® efiff_ df rDkfb]jLnfO{ lwgfrf] klg elgG5 . csf{tkm{ rLgaf6 :joDe"sf] bz{g ug{ cfPsf d~h'>Lsf b'O{ dxf®fgLdWo] df]Ifbf b]jL

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rLg ® P]ltxfl;s j:t'df gh® kgf{;fy hf]–sf]xLsf] dfg;k6ndf Pp6f k|Zg pAhG5– oL s;n] agfPsf xf]nfg\ < t® w]®n } fO{ yfxf 5}g, ltgsf] dxŒj s] xf] ® s;n] agfP < ;f+:s[lts dxŒjsf tL lrhx¿sf af®]df lh1f;f pTkGg x'g' :jfefljs klg xf] . lj=;+= @)## ;fndf cfkm\gf] af®Ldf e]l6Psf !^ ;'gsf d"lt{x¿ ;®sf®L sd{rf®Ln] p7fOnu]sf]df dsjfgk'® kmfv]nsf &# jifL{o hutaxfb'® ?DafnfO{ lgs} b'Mv nfUof] . …xfdLn] s®f]8f}+ ?lkof“ kg]{ ;'gsf d"lt{ kfP® s] ef], ;®sf®L dfG5]n] nluxfn],Ú ?Daf ;w}+ u'gf;f] u5{g \ . t® hutaxfb'®n] eg]em}+ kmfv]naf6 ;®sf®n] nu]sf d"lt{x¿ ;'gsf geO{ lkQnsf lyP . :yfgLo afl;Gbfn] a'em]em}+ d"lt{x¿ ;®sf®n] a]rs ] f] 5}g . kmfv]ndf kfOPsf lkQnsf d"lt{x¿ kf6g ;+ux| fnodf ;'®lIft ®flvPsf] 5 . …clxn] klg d"lt{ e]l6Psf 7fp“df v]tLkftL ug{ vghf]t ubf{ ;fdfgx¿ e]l6G5g\, xfdL km\of“sL lbG5f},+ ®fv]® s] sfd ;®sf®n] l;Q} n}hfg] t xf] lg,Ú ?Daf cfqmf]z kf]V5g\ . ;g\ !)!( ® !)^$ sf kmfv]ndf km]nf k®]sf !^ lkQnsf d"lt{x¿ g]kfnsf] dWosfnLg Oltxf;af®] dxŒjk"0f{ hfgsf®L lbg ;kmn ®x]sf] Oltxf;ljb\sf] wf®0ff 5 . tL d"lt{x¿sf] P]ltxfl;s dxŒjaf®]df :yfgLo afl;GbfnfO{ ;';l" rt ug{ k'®ftŒj ljefun] cem} cu|;®tf b]vfPsf] 5}g . dsjfgk'®sf] pQ®k"jL{ efudf kg]{ lrTnfª lnR5ljsfnLg a:tL xf] . lrTnfªdf km]nf k®]sf lnR5lj ®fhf pbob]jsf] clen]vn] ;f] s'®fnfO{ k'li6 u5{ . lj=;+= ^&* sf] ;f] clen]vsf] P]ltxfl;s dxŒjsf af®]df :yfgLo afl;Gbf cgle1 5g\ . ufp“nx] ¿ ;f] clen]vnfO{ cem} dxfb]jsf] gfddf k"hf u5{g \ . clen]vsf] dflyNnf] efudf lqz"n ePsfn] ;f] clen]vnfO{ dxfb]j dfgL k"hf ul®Psf] :yfgLo :jR5Gb e}®j dfljsf k|wfgfWofks a'4®Tg dfgGw® atfpg'xG' 5 .

;f] clen]vsf] ;+®If0fsf nflu lj=;+= @)%* sfndf k'®ftŒj ljefun] !) xhf® ?lkof“ :yfgLo afl;GbfnfO{ pknAw u®fPsf] lyof] . k|frLg :df®s ;+®If0f P]g @)!# cg';f® s'g} klg k|frLg :df®s ;+®If0f ubf{ cfw'lgs lgdf{0f ;fdu|L k|of]u ug{ gx'g] pNn]v eP klg lrTnfªsf] lnR5ljsfnLg clen]v l;d]G6, O“6f ® kmnfd] lu|nsf] ;+®rgfn] 3]l®Psf] 5 . k'®ftŒj ljefusf Ps clws[t :yfgLo afl;Gbfdf r]tgfsf] sdL x'g' Pjd\ ljefuaf6 cg'udg gx'b“ f k|frLg P]ltxfl;s a:t'df cfw'lgstfsf] n]k nfu]sf] wf®0ff ®fV5g\ . lrTnfªsf lji0f'nfn >]i7 s'rjMsf] tn]h' dlGb®sf k'hf®L x'g \ . afNosfnb]lv s'ra' tn]hs ' f] sf]tdf k"hfcfhf ub}{ cfPsf lji0f'nfnn] &* jif{sf] pd]®df lj=;+= @)^@ df OxnLnf Tofu] . &* jif{;Dd klg pgn] sf]tsf] Oltxf; kQf] nfpg ;s]gg\ . lj=;+= @)%^ df pgn] sf]t df}nfsf] pTvggsf] nflu ufp“n] u'xf®] . vgLvf];L| x]bf{ sf]tdf Pp6f ;fgf] tn]hs ' f] 9'ªu\ fsf] d"lt{, k'®fgf l;Ssfx¿ ® c;+Vo kmnfdsf v8\ux¿ kfOPsf lyP . lji0f'nfn j[4 ePsfn] pgn] @)%^ ;fnb]lv g} cfkm\gf elth rGb|bf; >]i7nfO{ sf]tsf] k'hf®L lgo'Qm u®]sf lyP . rGb|bf; eG5g\– …dnfO{ klg of] sf]tsf] Oltxf; yfxf kfpg] 7"nf] OR5f 5 .Ú lj=;+= @)@* ;fn;Dd sf]tsf] k"hfcfhf rnfpg ;®sf®L ah]6 k|fKt x'GYof] . b;}d+ f ( lbg;Dd a|f≈d0fåf®f r08Lkf7 ® k"hfcfhf rnfOGYof] . wflbªsf] w'gj];Laf6 km"nkftL NofP® sf]tdf leœofpg] k®Dk®f ®x]sf] :yfgLo afl;Gbf atfp“5g\ . xfn sf]tsf] k'hf®Laf6 k"hfcfhf dfq u®]® eP klg k®Dk®f hf]ufO®x]sf] k'hf®L rGb|bf; >]i7 atfp“5g\ . sf]t elTsPkl5 glhs} ;fgf] 5fk|f] agfO{ k"hfcfhf rnfO“b} cfPsf] 5 . :juL{o wgjh| jh|frfo{ ® x]dGt ®f0ffåf®f lnlvt …lrTnfª–

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a'4

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July-Sept 2006

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l6i6'ªdf k|fKt P]ltxfl;s sf]tsf] clen]v ;dfj]z 5 . ;f] k':tsdf pNn]v ePcg';f® lrTnfªsf] sf]tsf] lgdf{0f g]kfn ;+jt\ *%% df kf6gsf dNn ®fhf lji0f' dNnn] u®fPsf x'g \ . lrTnfª sf]tsf] clen]vdf sf]t lgdf{0f u®L ;f]sf] ®]vb]v ug{ ®fhfn] c+u®Ifs nIdLw®nfO{ lgo'Qm u®L k7fPsf] pNn]v 5 . g]jf®L lnlkdf ;+:s[t ® g]jf®L efiff ldl>t u®L n]lvPsf] clen]vdf ®fhf lji0f' dNnnfO{ a|f≈d0fsf] lxt ug],{ nf]ssf] pksf® ug]{ clt jL®, bofn', eujfg\sf] eQm lzIffk|d] L cflb ljz]if0fn] k|z; + f ul®Psf] 5 . lrTnfª dfem ufp“df Ps r}To 5 . h'g r}TonfO{ ufp“nx] ¿ czf]s r}To eG5g\ . ;d|f6 czf]s ef®taf6 sf7df8f}+ cfp“bf ;f] r}To agfPsf] ls+jbGtL ®x]sf] lrTnfª Oltxf; cWo]tf ;Gtnfn g]jfM atfpg'xG' 5 . ;f]xL r}Tosf] gfdaf6 …r}To nª\sÚ x'b“ } lrTnfª gfd ®xg uPsf] k"j{ lzIfs;d]t ®x]sf g]jfMsf] bfaL 5 . r}Tosf] P]ltxfl;s kIfsf af®]df k|dfl0ft hfgsf®L cem} k|fKt ePsf] 5}g . r}To cjnf]sg ubf{ r}To ljutdf elTsP® k'glg{df{0f ul®Psf] cg'dfg ug{ ;lsG5 . r}Tosf af®]df oyfy{ hfgsf®L lbg] k|oTg cem} ;'? ePsf] 5}g \ . k'®ftŒj ljefun] cfkm\gf] jflif{s sfo{of]hgfcg';f® b]zsf ljleGg 7fp“df pTvgg u5{ . oBlk pTvggaf6 k|fKt l®kf]6n { fO{ ;j{;fwf®0fn] a'‰g] u®L g]kfnL efiffdf ;fj{hlgs ug]{ ul®Psf] kfO“bg} . c+uh ]| L efiffdf n]lvPsf] l®kf]6{ ljefusf] ;DalGwt zfvfdf ®flvG5 . h'g ;j{;fwf®0fsf] kx'r “ aflx® ®xG5 . k'®ftŒj ljefusf k|dv ' k'®ftŒj clws[t lji0f'®fh sfsL{ pTvgg k"®f geO{ l®kf]6{ ;fj{hlgs ug]{ gul®Psf] s'®f :jLsfg'x{ G' 5 . pxf“sf cg';f® s'g} 7fp“df pTvgg ubf{ clGtd l®kf]6{ cfpg bzsf}+ nfUg klg ;S5 . emfkfsf] ;tf;Lwfd, ;'vt{] sf] sf“qm]laxf®, kmlk{ªsf] h+un]sf] jg pTvggaf6 k'®ftflŒjs ® P]ltxfl;s If]qdf s] pknlAw xft k¥of] eGg] s'®f cem} ;f] IF]qsf hgtfn] yfxf kfPsf 5}gg\ . ljefusf k|dv ' k'®ftŒj clws[t sfsL{sf cg';f® utjif{af6 k'®ftflŒjs a:t' ® :ynsf] dxŒj :yfgLojf;LnfO{ a'emfpg k|lzIF0f sfo{qmd yflnPsf] 5 . utjif{ sLlt{k®' , ag]kf ® wgs'6fdf k'®ftŒj ljefuåf®f hgr]tgf sfo{qmd ®flvPsf] lyof] . a'4

ofqf

July-Sept 2006

;+ux| fno g} ck'/f] ;+ux| fno jf ;Dkbf If]qsf] e|d0f ug]{ hf]–sf]xL JolQmn] P]ltxfl;s ® k'®ftflŒjs ljifodf kof{Kt hfgsf®L gkfpg' csf]{ lj8Dagf ag]sf] 5 . kf6g ;+ux| fno ® ®fli6«o ;+ux| fnodf k|blz{t clwsf+z k'®ftflŒjs j:t'x¿ s'g ;|ft] af6 s;®L k|fKt eP eGg] ljifodf s'g} hfgsf®L ;+ux| fno k|zf;g ;“u 5}g . kf6g ;+ux| fnodf l;l4nIdLsf] Ps cfsif{s wft'sf] d"lt{ 5 . cToGt ;'Gb® d"lt{ ePsf] sf®0f ;f] d"lt{sf] kmf]6f] kf]i6sf8{ agfO{ ;+ux| fno kl®;®af6 #) ?lkof“df laqmL ul®G5 . t® Tof] cfsif{s wft'sf] d"lt{ s'g ;|ft] af6 s;®L k|fKt eof] eGg] k|Zgsf] pQ® ;+ux| fno k|zf;g;“u 5}g . kmlk{ªsf] Oltxf; ® ;+:s[ltsf ljifodf rf;f] ®fVg'xg' ] lhd'jfn u0f]znfn dfgGw® ;f] l;l4nIdLsf] cfsif{s d"lt{ kmlk{ª sf]t3®af6 kf6g ;+ux| fno k'us ] f] bfaL ug'x{ G' 5 . lj=;+= @)@$ ;fndf sf]t3®sf tTsfnLg k'hf®L :j= k[YjLdfg sdf{rfo{åf®f rf]®L u®L kf6gsf Ps Jofkf®LnfO{ laqmL ul®Psf] ;f] d"lt{ rf]®L ug]{ k'hf®LnfO{ sf7df8f}+ lhNnf cbfntn] lj=;+= @)@% r}t & ut] 8]9 jif{ s}b ® ( ;o hl®jfgf ug{ km};nf u®]sf] lyof] . ;f];DaGwL km};nf lhd'jfn dfgGw®;“u ;'®lIft 5 . kf6g ;+ux| fnosf] k'®ftflŒjs j:t'x¿sf] clen]vdf lzIff dGqfnosf] kq ;+Vof (@÷)@* ldlt @)@* a}zfv @$ sf] kqcg';f® k|fKt ePsf] pNn]v 5 . kf6g ;+ux| fnosf k|dv ' eLd g]kfn ;+ux| fnosf ;a} a:t'x¿sf] oyfy{ ;fj{hlgs ug]{ sfd hl6n ljifo ePsf] wf®0ff ®fVg'xG' 5 . kf6g ;+ux| fnodf k|blz{t 9'u+ fsf clen]vx¿sf ;|ft] Pjd\ ljj®0f klg ;+ux| fno k|zf;gn] pknAw u®fpg ;Qm}g . b]zsf cGo ;+ux| fnosf] cj:yf klg o:t} 5 . k'®ftŒj ljefu ljZj ;Dkbf zfvfsf k|dv ' k'®ftŒj clws[t ®fh]z dfy]df km®s–km®s ;|ft] af6 k|fKt ePsfn] ;a} ;+ul| xt j:t'sf af®]df kof{Kt hfgsf®L lbg g;lsPsf] atfpg'xG' 5 . …sltko a]jfl®;] cj:yfdf km]nf k®]sf x'G5g\ eg] sltko k'ln;åf®f a®fdb ul®Psf klg 5g\, ltgsf ;|ft] s;®L 6'u+ f] ug],{ Ú k|dv ' k'®ftŒj clws[t dfy]dfn] eGg'eof] . a]jfl®;] cj:yfdf km]nf k®]sf d"lt{x¿sf] lgdf{0fsfn ;f] d"lt{sf] snf;“u d]n vfg] cGo d"lt{x¿;“u t'ngf u®L 7DofOg] cGt®f{li6«o k|rng ®x]sf] pxf“n] :ki6 kfg'e { of] . w

cfwf cfsfz

cx“, cem} lrQ a'em]g h

gcfGbf]ngsf sf®0f :yflkt nf]stflGqs ;®sf®n] xfn} ;+;baf6 dlxnfnfO{ ## k|ltzt cf/If0f 5''6\ofPsf] 5 . of] lgZro g} :jfutof]Uo sbd xf] . t® oltdf g} lrQ a'emfP® a:of] eg] xfd|f] clGtd nIo e]l6++b}g . ca lh1f;f p7\g' :jefljs} xf], clGtd nIo eg]sf] s] xf] < o;sf] l;wf ® k|i6 hjfkm 5, ;dfg'kflts ;dfhsf] lgdf{0f . o;sf nflu s]xL jif{ dlxnfnfO{ cf®If0f rflxPsf] xf] . lgZro g} cf®If0f eg]sf] em§ ;'Gbf bof u®]® lbOPsf] h:tf] nfU5 . ®, Ps k|sf®n] of] k'?ifx¿sf] lgufx g} xf] . t® o;f] eg]® a:of] eg] ;dfg'kflts ;dfhsf] kl®sNkgf k"®f x'b“ g} . ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts k®Dk®fn] dlxnfnfO{ k5fl8 g} 5f]8s ] f] 5 . Ps ;jnfË ® Ps ckfËnfO{ ;“u} bf}8g nufOof] eg] lgZro g} ckfËn] lhTg] s'®f] cfp“bg} . clxn]sf] g]kfnL dlxnfx¿sf] l:ylt klg pNn]lvt pbfx®0f h:t} xf] . o;y{ ;anfË ® ckfËaLr k|lt:kwf{ x'g ;Sb}g . Pscsf{df k|lt:kwL{ aGg] l:ylt ®fHon] g} agfOlbg'k5{ . ®, To;s} ;'?jft xf] clxn]sf] ## k|ltzt cf®If0f . clxn] klg k' ? if ® dlxnfaLrdf Pslsl;dsf] …Uofk lkmnÚ x'G5 . of] gePsf lbgb]lv cf®If0fsf] Joj:yf x6fOlbP x'G5 . clxn] cf®If0f Joj:yf sfof{Gjog xf]nf ® < eGg] k|Zg ;j{q ;'Ggdf cfPsf] 5 . o;n] ;sf®fTds kl®0ffd Nofpnf ® < eGg] k|Zg klg v8f ePsf] 5 t® ;dfhdf rln®x]sf] Pslsl;dsf] Joj:yfdf yf]®} km]®abn x'“bf o;n] s:tf] kl®0ffd Nofpnf < eg]® k|Zg ug'{ :jfefljs} xf] . ;ltk|yfh:tf s'l®tL x6\bf t dfG5]n] ca s] xf]nf < eg]® k|Zg p7fPsf lyP eGg] ;'lgG5 . cf®If0fdf klg ## k|ltzt dlxnf x®]s If]qdf sxf“af6 vf]h®] Nofpg] eGg] s'®f] ;'Ggdf cfPsf] 5 . cem lzlIft ® hfg]ae' m]sf k'?ifx¿n] g} o;f] eGb} lx+8s ] f 5g\ . of] ;xL d"Nofª\sg xf]Og . dlxnf cl3 ga9]sf] ;dfh kl5 g} ®xG5 eGg] s'®f] lj;{g x'b“ g} . hg;ª\ Vofdf k'?ifeGbf dlxnfsf] ;+Vof sd 5}g eg] To;af6 ## k|ltzt k'¥ofpg ;lsb}g eGg' c:jfefljs s'®f] xf] . s]rflx+ ;To xf] eg] olb dlxnfsf] k|ltzt Tolt k'¥ofp“g ;ls+bg} eg] s] sf®0fn] ;ls+bg} < To;sf] vf]hlag x'g'k5{ ® To;}cg'¿kn]

.. ;+uLtf lg/f]nf dlxnfnfO{ ;zQm agfpg'k5{ . pbfx®0fsf nflu sf]xL dlxnf ®fhgLltdf cfpg rfxG5g\ t® cj;® kfO®x]sf 5}gg\ eg] cyjf g]tT[ j txdf k'Ug ;ls®x]sf 5}gg\ eg] Tof] s] sf®0fn] xf] kQf nufpg'k5{ . h'g s'®fsf] sdL 5 To;}cg'¿ksf] Joj:yf ®fHon] ul®lbg'k5{ . hGd“b} Psfw afx]s ;Ifd of cIfd x'b“ g} . pm hGd]÷x'ss {] f] jftfj®0f, kfPsf] lzIff, ;fdflhs rfnrng cflbn] km®s kf®]sf] x'g;S5 . o;y{ JolQmsf] OR5f ® Ifdtfcg';f®sf] sfd ug]{ jftfj®0f lgdf{0f ug]{ bfloTj t ®fHo s} xf] . ®, To; lsl;dsf] jftfj®0f tof® u®]kl5 ## k|ltzt cf®If0fn] rf“8} d"t¿ { k lnG5 . cem ;dfg cj;® ePkl5 cf®If0fsf] Joj:yf vf®]h ug{ ;lsG5 . sltko cj:yfdf dlxnfnfO{ cf®If0f lbPkl5 k'?if dlxnfaLrdf e]befj eof] eGg] klg g;'lgPsf] xf]Og . t® ;sf®fTds lje]bsf nflu of] gu®L ;'v} 5}g .

sltko cj:yfdf dlxnfnfO{ cf/If0f lbPkl5 k'?if dlxnfjLrdf e]befj eof] eGg] klg g;'lgPsf] xf]Og . t/ ;sf/fTds lje]bsf nflu of] gu/L ;'v} 5}g .

d t eG5', dnfO{ dlxnf g} ePsf sf®0f s'g} lsl;dsf] ;x'lnot rflxGg . Pp6f gful®sn] kfpg] xs eP kof{Kt x'G5 . t® ;a} dlxnfsf] l:ylt o:tf] 5}g . cj;®sf lx;fan] a®fa®Lsf] lx;fadf ®x]sf dlxnfn] cf®If0fsf] Joj:yf pkof]u ug{ dg k®fp“bg} g\ klg t® dlxnf ePs} sf®0f cj;®af6 al~rt dlxnfnfO{ t cf®If0f rflxG5 g} . clxn] ®fHon] ug'k{ g]{ d'Vo sfd eg]sf] dlxnf ;zQmLs®0fsf] xf] . w]®} u}®;®sf®L ;+:yfn] klg of] sfd ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ . t® oltn] dfq} olt 7"nf] sfd ;Dej 5}g . pbfx®0fsf nflu d ;Da4 :jftL ;+:yfn] dlxnf ;zQmLs®0fsf nflu ljljw sfo{qmd ul®®x]sf] 5 . :jftL klxnf] ;+:yf xf] h;n] dlxnfn] ug]{ e|i6frf®sf lj?4df sfd u5{ ® dlxnfåf®f g} of] ;~rflnt 5 . g]kfnsf 5 j6f lhNnfdf sfo{®t o; ;+:yfn] e|i6frf® Go"gLs®0fdf dlxnfsf] e"ldsfsf ljifodf 5nkmn u5{, hgr]tgf km}nfp“5, e|i6frf®sf 36gf eP kbf{kmf; u5{ . km]l® s'®f] cf®If0f s} u®f}+ . cf®If0f sfof{Gjogsf] s'®f] ubf{ o;nfO{ b'O{ 7fp“af6 ug{ ;lsG5 . Pp6f ufp“sf] :t®af6 ® csf]{ s]Gb| :t®af6 . h:tf] ls clxn]sf ;ft ®fhgLlts kf6L{ ® dfcf]jfbLn] klg cfkm\gf] kf6L{sf ljleGg txdf dlxnfnfO{ ## k|ltzt 5'6o\ fpg'k5{ . t/, dlxnf g} 5}gg\ eg]® pDsg] l:ylt ca 5}g . lsgls k'Ub}gg\ eg] s] sf®0fn] k'Ub}gg\ To;sf] lg®fs®0f ug'{k5{ . ®, ## k|ltzt cf®If0fsf] sfof{Gjog kf6L{af6} ;'? ug'k{ 5{ . kf6L{df dlxnfsf] ;+ªV\ of pNn]Vo 5 eGg] s'®f t hgcfGbf]ng–@ n] g} b]vfO;s]sf] 5 . xftdf s'6f], sf]bfnf], s'rf], ufu|L, yfn, 8f8'kGo' lnPsf dlxnfsf] h'n; ' n] g} nf]stGqk|ltsf] ltgsf] k|lta4tf b]lvO;s]sf] 5 . o;y{ klg dlxnfsf] ;xeflutfnfO{ …ldgLdfOhÚ ug{ x'Gg . nf]stflGqs ;®sf® :yfkgf eO;s]kl5 klg ;®sf®L lg0f{ox¿ s®gL ® sygLdf km®s b]lvPsf 5g\ . cem} klg dlxnfnfO{ …sf]6fÚ df ;Lldt kfg{ vf]lhPsf] b]lvG5 . ## k|ltzt cf®If0f t sDtLdf kf] elgPsf] xf] . To;eGbf a9L x'Gg t elgPsf] 5}g lg . olb ;Ifd dlxnf 5g\ eg] ^) k|ltzt eP klg s] km®s k¥of] ® < w -lg/f]nf :jftLsf k|aGw lgb]z { s x'g_\ a'4

ofqf

July-Sept 2006

o'jf k':tf

cndn, x]nf] xfOdf .. k|Nxfb lu/L

AjfOk|]m08 un{k|]m08sf] e]63f6b]lv s] vfOof], s] ul/+b}5 dfq xf]Og ls hh{ a'; / cf];fdf lag nfb]gh:tfsf] lbgrof{sf s'/fx¿ ul/g yflnPsf] 5 . kmf]g ug]{nfO{ ljifosf] uxgtf / k|:t'tLs/0fsf af/]df kQf];Dd ePsf] b]lvb}g .

hsn Pp6f sfd o'jfx¿n] w]®} g} ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ . Tof] xf]— ;do kfpgf;fy PkmPddf kmf]g ul®xfNg] . To;dWo] s]xL o:tf o'jfx¿sf] hdft 5g\ hf] PkmPddf uLt ;'Gg]eGbf klg ;'gfpg]df a9L ®dfpg] u®]sf 5g\ . x'g klg PkmPd ;~rfnsx¿n] cfºgf k|foM h;f] sfo{qmddf >f]tfx¿sf] ;Dks{ ;Lw} kmf]gåf®f hf]8g\ yfn]kl5 PkmPd ®]l8of] :6];g x'g] h'g} klg If]qsf o'jfx¿nfO{ kmf]g ug{ cfhsn EofOgEofO{ 5 . sltko sfo{qmddf ;~rfnsx¿n] lgs} ult5f8f s'®f klg u5{g \ . AjfOk|m] 08 un{km]| 08sf] e]63f6b]lv s] vfOof], s] ul®+b5 } dfq xf]Og ls hh{ a'; ® cf];fdf lag nfb]gh:tfsf] lbgrof{sf s'®fx¿ ul®g yflnPsf] 5 . kmf]g ug]n { fO{ ljifosf] uxgtf ® k|:t'tLs®0fsf af®]df kQf];Dd ePsf] b]lvb}g . pm sfo{qmd s:tf] ¿kdf uO®x]sf] 5 eGg] s'®f yfx} kfpg rfx+bg} , a? kmf]g lsg nfu]g eg]® lbSs dfG5 . x®]skN6 lahL 6f]g cfO®x“bf klg l®8fon ug{ TolQs} hf];;fy tlD;®x]sf] kfOG5 . lsg xf] t o:tf] q]mh < ;'Gbf crDd nfU5 . t® jf:tljstf o:t} 5 . sfo{qmd ;'? x'gf;fy ;~rfnsåf®f kmf]gdfk{mt\ kmf]g ug{ k'?if ldq ® dlxnf ldqsf] b'O{ cnucnu gDa® hfgsf®L u®fOP t'?Gt} Tof] df}sf u'dfpg grfxg] dfgl;stfn] k|l] ®t eP® clxn]sf o'jfx¿ kmf]g ug{ dl®d]65 \ g\ . ®fhwfgL tyf df]km;nsf ;a} ®]l8of] :6];gn] cfºgf s]xL sfo{qmdnfO{ clgjfo{tfsf ;fy >f]tfx¿nfO{ kmf]gdfk{mt\ hf]8s ] f 5g\ . kmf]gdfk{mt s'®f u®L hfgsf®L xfl;n ug'{ ®fd|} s'®f xf] t® o'jfx¿sf] cTolws ;do o;®L kmf]gdf g} hfg] ePkl5 cleefjsx¿ clxn] x}®fg ePsf 5g\ . o;n] ;sf®fTds k|efj dfq} xf]Og, ljs[lt klg hGdfO;s]sf] 5 . ®, ca of] ce}m df}nfp“bf] qmddf 5 . hfgsf/x?sf] egfOdf tfn g ;'/sf] ukmf8] ;+:s[ltnfO{ a9fjf lbg] vfnsf] sfd xf] —of] . o;n] l;h{gfTds ;f]r cfjZos ePsf o'jf hdftnfO{ s]xL lbg ;Sb}g, a? lg®fz agfOlbG5 . ev{®} u®Psf] Ps ;j]I{ f0fcg';f® ®fhwfgLsf Ps} If]qdf PkmPddf kmf]g ug]{ o'jfx¿sf] Pp6f 5'66\ } hdft} 5 . pgLx¿n] cfºgf] of] ;d"xnfO{ ln:g;{ Sna cyf{t >f]tf Snasf] gfd lbPsf 5g\ . o; Snasf ;+:yfks tyf ®fhwfgLsf PkmPddf ;aeGbf a9L kmf]g u®]sf] bfjL ug]{ 3§]sn ' f]sf 5lj®d0f clwsf®L eG5g— …kmf]gdfk{mt\ ®]l8of]sf xhf®f}+ >f]tfnfO{ cfºgf] efjgf kf]Vg'sf] If0f cToGt} ®f]df~rs x'G5 .Ú df]afOn sn®sf] ¿kdf cfk"mnfO{ PkmPd ;~rfnsx¿n] nf]slk|o agfPsf] s'®f ub}{ clwsf®L cufl8 eG5g\, …dnfO{ nf]slk|otfsf] ®x® eP® xf]Og, sfo{qmddf rrf{ ul®g] ljifox¿k|lt cfºgf] l6Kk0fL ug{ rfx]® kmf]g ug]{ u5' { .Ú k|foM o:tf sn®x¿ hlxn] klg ;+ul7t ¿kdf g} kmf]g u5{g\ PkmPddf t® s'g :yfgaf6 egL ;f]Wbf 7fp“rflx+ km®s kf5{g \ . ca of] k|lqmof PkmPddfq ;Lldt ®x]g . clxn]sf 6]lnlehg Rofgnx¿df klg kmf]g u®]® cfºgf dgk®]sf uLt cfºgf dgk®]sf JolQmnfO{ …8]l8s]6Ú ug{ ;lsg] ePsf] 5 . t® o;df a'em\ g'kg]{ s'®f s] 5 eg] kmf]g u®]® uLtx¿ ;'Gg]eGbf c¿nfO{ …8]l8s]6Ú u®]sf] If0f g} :d®0fof]Uo x'G5 . s]xL pbfx®0fdf sfo{qmd a'4

ofqf

July-Sept 2006

k|:tf]tfsf] lg®Gt® ;f]wfOsf] hjfkmdf klg kmf]g ug]{ JolQm uLt …8]l8s]6Ú ug{ afWo ePsf] kfOPsf] 5 . uLt ;+uLtsf] s'®f ubf{ g]kfndf k|To]s lbgh:tf] Pp6f Pnad l®lnh ePsf] kfOG5 . ;'lgPcg';f/ b]zdf kf“r xhf® ;¨Ltsf® ® afx| xhf® ufos÷uflosf 5g\ . olt ;fgf] d'ns ' df oltsf w]®} k|ltefzfnL ;¨LtsdL{ x'g' /fd|} s'/f xf] . s'g} ljb]zLn] of] va® ;'gd] f p;n] g]kfn kSs} klg ;f+uLlts ¿kn] cToGt} uf}®jzfnL ® wgL b]z 5 eg]® avfg ug{ kl5 x6\bg} . x'g klg ef®tLo lkmNdL ® kkn] ahf® lk6]sf] a]nf g]kfnL uLt ;¨Lt s'g} klg xb;Dd o;sf ;fd' k|lt:kwf{ ug{ tDtof® b]lvG5g\ . t® pgLx¿sf] of] tof®L eg] g]kfnL uLtx¿ g]kfnd} rn'g\ eg]® dfq} xf] eGg] ts{ s]xL gjf]lbt ufosx¿sf] 5 . g]kfnL uLtx¿ clxn] h'g ¿kdf wdfwd tof® x'b+ 5 } g\ To;nfO{ x]®®] kSs} xfdL c8\sn nufpg ;S5f}+ ls gof“ ufosn] cfk"mnfO{ ufossf] ¿kdf lrgfpg ® >f]tfx¿n] ®f]hL5f8L uLtx¿ ;'Gg kfPsf 5g\ . ;a}nfO{ cfºg} lsl;dsf] ;'ljwf ldn]sf] 5 . y'k}| ;¨LtsdL{sf] af9L;“u} cfk"mnfO{ dgk®]sf uLtx¿ ;'Gg ;lsg] ;Defjgf t a9]sf] 5 g} ;fy} cK7\of®fx¿sf] cf]O®f] klg gnfu]sf] xf]Og . s'g uLt ®fd|f] xf] ® s'g uLt g®fd|f] eGg] lgSof}n {} ug}{ ufx|f ] . cfhsn k]ml® uLt :t®Lo Do"lhs lel8of]åf®f x'G5 eGg] dfGotfn] bx|f] h®f] uf8]sf] 5 . Do"lhs lel8of] gagfO{ uLt} lx6 x“b+' g} egL clwsf+z ;¨LtsdL{nfO{ ®fd|®L yfxf 5 . uLt ;'Gg] klg s] sd < 6LeLdf g]bl] vPsf] uLt} yfxf x“b+' g} pgLx¿nfO{ . clg Sof;]6 g} lslglbb}gg\ pgLx¿n] . nf} hf, ljr®f Do"lhs lel8of] gagfpg] ufos . hlt PkmPdaf6 ahfP klg, hlt cGtjf{tf{x¿ k|sflzt k|;fl®t eP klg 6LeLdf gb]lvOsg uLt g} rNb}g . h;sf] kIfdf h] eP klg Pp6f Do"lhs lel8of]sf] of] rngn] uLtnfO{ ;'Gg] eGbf x]g{] ;+:s[ltdf kl®jt{g u®]sf] 5 . cfhsn ahf®df lxGbL kk÷lkmNdL uLtsf] le;L8L dfs]6{ nfO{ g} lnp“m g . cfhsf] u|fxs cl8of] l;8LeGbf lel8of] l;8L of l8eL8L g} lsGg ?rfp“5 . lsgls p;nfO{{ uLt ;'Gg eGbf klg x]g{ dgk5{ . l®ldS; ;¨Lt cf]Ol®Psf] jt{dfg cj:yfdf o:tf uLtx¿ x]gn { fO{ a9L ?rfOPsf 5g\ . cyf{t w]®} o:tf O:o'¿ 5g\ h;df o'jfx¿ k|ToIf ¿kdf ;+nUg ePsf 5g\ . oxf“ o'jfx¿sf] ldl8of ;+:s[ltaf®] rrf{ ul®of] hf] Psy®L o'jf PkmPddf kmf]g u®L cfk"m uf}®j ePsf] 7fGb5g\ ® csf]t{ k{m uLt ;¨Ltdf dgnfUbf] lx;fan] rnv]n u5{g \ . oL b'j} k|lqmof lgtfGt JolQmut k|sl[ tsf eP klg o;df k|ToIf jf k®f]If ¿kdf o'jfju{n] dnhn lbO®fv]sf] tLtf] ;To xf] . xfdLnfO{ yfxf 5 ,s'g} rLh clt eof] eg] To;n] cjio xflg u5{ . elgG5,o'jf b]zsf] zlQm xf] . sf“wdf cltzo lhDd]jf®L x'G5g\ o'jfx¿df . pgLx¿ Hfu?s aGg}k5{ l;h{gzLn sfdsf nflu . ;w}+ ukmufkmdf cNdlng] ;do xf]Og of] . w - lu/L g]kfn 6]lnlehg;“u ;Da4 5g\ ._

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6Lsf] g;f km'nfp“b} d'¶L prfn]® gf®f nufO®x]sf] ljzfn h'n; ' dfly crfgs 8]9 306f;Dd uf]nLsf] jiff{ eO®x\of] . xf“8Ldf e'6s ] f] ds} k8\se ] m}+ k66 uf]nL k8\lsg yfn]kl5 h'n; ' af6 efUb} u®]sf !% jifL{o ®fhg ®fO{sf] k]6df !) j6f uf]nL l5®] . pgL P]of, d®]+ = = = eGb} ToxL 9n] . ut r}t @( ut] rqmky aflx®sf] uf]u+ a' rf]sdf ®f}tx6sf ®fO{;lxt @$ hgf cfGbf]ngsf®Lsf z®L®leq Knfl:6ssf uf]nL l5®] . ;ft ®fhgLlts bnsf] cu'jfOdf ePsf] nf]stflGqs cfGbf]ngdf @! hgfn] Hofg u'dfPsf 5g\ . cfGbf]ngsf] cfuf]df xf]ldPsf dWo] emG8} & xhf® 3fOt] 5g\ . P] l txfl;s hgcfGbf] n gn] ;kmntf kfPsf]df 3fOt]x¿ k|;Gg 5g\ . t®, nf]stflGqs ;®sf®sf] sfo{zn } L ® gLltaf6 plQs} c;Gt'i6 . x'sf{n } f] pd]®sf 3fOt] ®fO{bl] v bfx|L skfn km'nfO ;s]sf 3fOt]x¿n] ;®sf®L gLlt ® Jojxf®k|lt c;Gtf]if k|s6 ug{ 5f8]sf 5}gg\ . pgLx¿ zf®Ll®s ¿kdf 3fOt] t 5g\ g} olta]nf dg klg 3fon ePsf] 5 . bL3{sfn;Dd :jf:Yo c;® lszf]®fj:yfsf ®fhg ®fO{ 7"nf] cfjfh lgsfn]® xf“:g ;Sb}gg\ . g t bu'g{ jf l56f] l56f] lx+8g\ g} ;S5g\ . pgsf] :jf:Yo cj:yf sdhf]® 5 . pgL kL8f kf]Vb} eG5g\– … sx] L a]® lx+8o\ f] eg] k]6sf] 3fp b'V5 . l®+u6f nfU5 . Ú uf]nL, 5®f{h:tf r'Rrf] j:t' a]ujfg ultdf z®L® leq l5g{] ePsfn] tL j:t'n] z®L®sf g®d tGt', x8\8L ® z®L®sf cGo efudf klg Jofks Iflt k'¥ofpg] ;DalGwt lrlsT;sx¿ atfp“5g\ . r}t @^ ut] lbp“;f] lrtjgsf] e®tk'® !! df @^ jifL{of k|tL1f, pgsL lbbL k|dLnf ® t'n;f If]qLnfO{ klg uf]nL nfUof] . tLg lbbLalxgLdWo] t'n;fn] 36gf: ynd} k|f0f

Toflug\ . uf]nL nfuL 3fOt] ePsf b'O{ alxgLn] cfGbf]ngsf] ;kmntf t b]Vg kfPsf 5g\ To;;“u} :jf:Yok|ltsf] lrGtfn] lk®f]ln®x]sf] 5 . @^ jifL{o k|tL1fsf] afof“ xftsf] kfv'®fdf nfu]sf] uf]nLn] z®L®df ®ut ;~rfng x'g] g;f r“l' 8Psf] ® x8\8L 6'lqmPsf] pkrf®df ;+nUg lzIf0f c:ktfn dxf®fhu~hsf lrlsT;sn] atfPsf 5g\ . To:t} pgsL lbbL k|ldnfsf] afof“ xftsf] xTs]nfdf nfu]sf] wft'sf] uf]nLn] cf}nfsf] cf“Vnf ® x8\8L km'6fPsf sf®0f cf}n + fx¿ cem};Dd ®fd|f; ] u“ rnfpg ldNb}g . @* jifL{o k|dLnfn] elgg– …;–;fgf nfnfafnf s;®L x'sf{pg] xf]nf < 8fS6®n] xftn] ®fd|f; ] u“ sfd ug{ g;Sg] atfPsf 5g\ .Ú af“s,] sf]xnk'®sf ;'bz{g s];LnfO{ k|x®Ln] k'®fgf] afg]Zj®rf]sdf lg3f{t s'6k] l5 b'j} xft ef“lRrPsf 5g\ . sf7df8f}d + f 6\o; ' g k9fP® kl®jf® kfln®x]sf s];Lsf] pkrf®df ;+nUg df]8n c:ktfnsf 8fS6®n] xft 6]9f] x'g] atfPsf 5g\ . …k"jc { j:yfdf em} xftn] sfd ug{ ;Sb}g eg]sf 5g\,Ú # 5f]®f ® kTgL;“u} a;]sf s];Ln] eg] . afUn'ªsf] an]afcdnfrf}®–& sL hd'gf zdf{ lhNnfd} cfGbf]ng ul®®x“bf 3fOt] ePsL x'g \ . k[YjL pRr dfljdf !@ sIffdf cWoog®t zdf{ glhlsPsf] k®LIff a]jf:tf ub{} cfGbf]ngdf xf]ld+bf k|x®Lsf] lk6fOaf6 bfof“ v'§fdf rf]6 nfu]sf] 5 . !* jifL{of zdf{n] kL8f kf]Vb} elgg\, …v'§fsf] cf“Vnf b'V5, w]®} lx+8g\ x'b“ g} .Ú uf]®vf lhNnfsf] :jf“®f–! lgjf;L s[i0f ®fgfsf] cfGbf]ngdf nfu]® afof“ cf“vf u'dfpg k'us ] f 5g\ . pgL bfof“ cf“vfn] dfq x]5g{ \ . sf7df8f}+ ;fdfv'zLdf a]lN8ªsf] sfd ub{] cfPsf ®fgf a[4 afa'cfdfsf PSnf 5f]®f ® @ gfafnssf afa' x'g \ . tTsfnLg ;®sf®sf] lgb{z ] gdf k|x®Ln] u®]sf] HofbtL ® lgd{d k|xf® tyf bfgjLo rl®qn] ubf{ xhf®f}+ 3fOt] hLjge® ckfË eP® a:g'kg{] afWotf 5 . cfwf bh{geGbf a9Lsf] cf“vfsf] Hof]lt u'd]sf] 5 . hgcfGbf]ngdf

;a}h;f] k];fsdL{, Joj;foL ® ;d'bfosf] ;lqmotf eP klg 3fOt] x'gd ] Wo] clwsf+z cfly{s ¿kn] lgDg ju{sf ® kl®jf®sf] ;xf®fsf ¿kdf ®x]sf JolQm k®]sf 5g\ . hgcfGbf]ngdf plqPsfnfO{ lg:t]h kfg{ u[x ® ®Iff dGqfnon] ;®sf®L 9's6' Laf6 emG8} *! s®f]8 vr{ u®]sf] ;fj{hlgs eO;s]sf] 5 . hgcfGbf]ngsf 3fOt]x¿nfO{ pkrf®sf nflu ®fhwfgLsf ljleGg c:ktfnx¿ ® lrlsT;fsdL{n] ;Sbf] ;xof]u u®] . cfGbf]ngsf] ;'?b]lv g} %) xhf® ?k}of“sf] sf]if :yfkgf u®L aLP08 aL c:ktfnn] lgMz'Ns pkrf® lbPsf] lyof] . 3fOt]sf] pkrf®sf ;+nUg uf]+uj'l:yt ljgfos c:ktfnsf lgb{]zs 8f= uf]ljGb 1jfnL cfkm"x¿n] emG8} * ;o 3fOt]sf] lgMz'Ns pkrf® u®]sf] atfpg'xG' 5 . lgb{]zs 1jfnL eGg'x'G5, …;8sdf uP® klg pkrf® hf®L ®fVof} + . 3fOt]x¿sf nflu d]l8s]o®, lzIf0f c:ktfn, df]8n, g]kfn d]l8sn sn]h hf]®kf6Lnufotn] dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg u®] . 3fOt]x¿ cem} klg emG8} c9fO dlxgfcl3sf] 3fpsf] pkrf®sf nflu k'gM hf“r -kmnf]ck_ ug{ ljleGg c:ktfndf wfO®x]sf 5g\ . klxn] ;fdfGo rf]6 nfu]sf JolQmx¿ clxn] ;d:of b]lvg yfn]kl5 c:ktfn hfg yfn]sf 5g\ . clwsf+z 3fOt] 6fpsf], k]6, xftv'§f ® 5ftLdf nfu]sf] rf]6af6 kLl8t 5g\ . pkrf®df ;+nUg lrlsT;sf cg';f® cfGbf]ngdf km\ofFlsPsf] c>'Uof;, uf]nL ® lk6fOsf] c;®n] dl:tis 5ftL, cf“vf, gfs, sfgdf bL3{sfnLg c;® kfg{ ;S5 . nf]stflGqs Joj:yf hgcfGbf]ngsf qmddf 3fOt] ePsfx¿sf] pkrf®sf nflu g]kfn ;®sf®n] h]7 !( ut] ;xof]u ® cg'udg ug{ ;+;bLo ;ldlt u7g u®]sf] 5 . hgcfGbf]ngsf 3fOt]sf] pkrf® lgb{z ] g tyf Joj:yfkg ;ldlt gfd lbOPsf] pSt ;ldltdf ®fdgfy clwsf®L, huGgfy vltj8f, gj®fh ;'jb] Lnufot kf“r hgf 5g\ . a'4

ofqf

July-Sept 2006

kl/j]z 3fOt]sf dfux¿ != nf]stflGqs of]4f 3f]if0ff u®L kl®rokqsf] Joj:yf @= 3fOt] of]4fnfO{ cfhLjg lgoldt czSt eQf #= of]Uotf cg';f® tTsfn ®f]huf®L $= cfhLjg lgMz'Ns :jf:Yo, lzIff oftfoft ;'ljwf %= cfjf;u[xsf] Joj:yf ^= ljz]if pkrf® Joj:yf &= hgcfGbf]ngsf dltof®nfO{ s8f sf®jfxL

a'4

ofqf

July-Sept 2006

;ldltn] hgcfGbf]ngsf] qmddf 3fOt] ePsf x?sf] oyfy{ ljj®0f lhNnf hgcfGbf]ng ;+of]hg ;ldltdfkm{t ®fxt ljt®0f ® k'g:yf{kgfsf ;DaGwdf l;kmfl®; ug{] atfOPsf] 5 . o;sf nflu ;f+;b clwsf®L k"jL{ lhNnfx¿sf] cg'udg u®]® 3fOt]x¿sf] ljj®0f lnO{ kmls{;s]sf 5g\ . eg] cGo ;b:o klg lhNnf cg'udgdf lgl:sPsf] ;b:o;lrj r"8fdl0f e08f®Ln] hfgsf®L lbg'eof] . hgcfGbf] n gsf 3fOt] x ¿sf nflu ;fdfv'zLl:yt ®]8g sn]h, uf]u+ a'l:yt ljgfos c:ktfn ® hgcfGbf]ngsf ;lxb kl®jf® tyf 3fOt] sNof0f d~rsf] ;+oQ' m k|of;df cfjf; u[x ;~rfngdf NofOPsf] lyof] . t® ;®sf®L tj®af6 a]jf:tf ePsf] hgfp“b} 3fOt]x¿n] u[xdGqL;dIf dfu k]; u®L cfGbf]ngdf pqg] r]tfjgL lbPkl5 uf]u+ a'sf] cfjf; u[xaf6 xfn dlxnf k|lzIf0f s]Gb| hfjnfv]ndf 3fOt]nfO{ ;fl/Psf]] 5 . k'gM hf“r u®fO®xg'kg{] @! hgf 3fOt]nfO{ lgMz'Ns k|lt JolSt ?= !;o#% a®fa®sf] b}lgs vfgf, vfhf ® ;'Tg] Joj:yf ldnfOPsf] ;ldltsf ;b:o;lrj e08f®Ln]

atfpg'eof] . k'gM pkrf®sf nflu n}hfg Nofpg af!em @#$) g+= sf] ;®sf®L uf8L Joj:yf ul®Psf] 5 . ;®sf®LeGbf gful®s:t®af6 cfGbf]ngsf 3fOt] ® ;lxbk|lt ;xof]u ;xfg'el" t ®x]sf] 3fOt] x ¿ atfp“ 5 g\ . sf7df8f} + df] 8 ] n c:ktfndf :yflkt hgcfGbf]ng k|fylds :jf:Yo pkrf® sf]ifn] hgcfGbf]ngsf k|lt ;lxb kl®jf®nfO{ ! nfvsf b®n] cfly{s ;xof]u ljt®0f u®]sf] 5 . r}t @( ut] :yflkt sf]ifdf @ s®f]8 #* nfv *$ xhf® hDdf ePsf] lyof] . sf]ifdf JolSt ® ;+:yf u®L ! xhf® $ ;on] ;xof]u u®]sf lyP . sf]ifn] zf®Ll®s czSt jf 3fOt] ePsfnfO{ klg pgLx¿sf] cj:yf x]®L %) xhf®b]lv @ nfv;Dd cfly{s ;xof]u ljt®0f u®]sf] 5 . cfly{s ;xof]u kfpg]df !^ hgf 5g\ . h;dWo] !@ hgfn] Pp6f cf“vfsf] ® ®ljg >]i7n] b'j} cf“vfsf] Hof]lt u'dfPsf lyP . cfGbf]ngkl5 ag]sf] g]kfn ;®sf®n] 3fOt] tyf ;lxb kl®jf®sf dfux¿pk® cfgfsfgL u®]sf] hgfp“b} 3fOt]x¿n] k'gM ;8saf6 cfGbf]ng ug{] r]tfjgL lbPsf 5g\ . w

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g} ck®fwLnfO{ kqmfp ug{ k|x®L u'Ktr®n] lgs} bf}8w'k ug'k{ b{5 . bf];f| ] ljZjo'4sf] nuQ} xlnp8df …b ANofs blnofÚ gfds Ps o'jtLsf] xTofsf] cg';Gwfg ug]{ qmddf Ps hgf ;dln+uL o'jtLnufot sl®a #) hgf JolQmn] ;f] xTof cfkm"n] u®]sf] :jLsf® u®] . t® cfZro{nfUbf] s'®f, tLdWo] s;}n] klg pgsf] xTof u®]sf lyPgg\ . Tof] xTofsf08 cfh;Dd klg ®x:osf] ue{df n'ss ] f] 5 . …b ANofs blnofÚ sf] ;'?sf] jf:tljs gfd Plnhfa]y ;f]6{ lyof] ® 3®df dfof u®]® a]6L elgGYof] . pgL ;g\ !(@% df Dof;fr';6] ;\ sf] af]:6gglhssf] d]8kmf]8d{ f hGd]sL lyOg\ . ;f]6{ kl®jf®sf kf“r hgf 5f]®LdWo] Plnhfj]y ;flx“nL lyOg\ . pgL ^ jif{sL x'b“ f pgsf] kl®jf® 5'l§of] . pgsf afa' lSnof] ;f]6{ cfkm\gL h]7L 5f]®L elh{lgofnfO{ lnO{ j]:6 sf]:6lt® a;fO“ ;®] eg] pgsL cfdf kmf]oa] ;f]6] n{ ] df]8kmf]8d{ } cfkm\gf af“sL rf® 5f]®LnfO{ x'sf{pg yflng\ . o;®L ;f]6{ bDktL 5'l§P® a:bf Plnhfj]ysf] afNosfn klg tgfjk"0f{ ® lg®fl;nf] jftfj®0fdf laTg yfNof] . kfl®jfl®s c:tJo:ttfsf] gsf®fTds k|efj pgdf k¥of] . c;Gt'i6, r~rn ® ax'n6\7L :jefjsL pgL ;w}+ cfkm"nfO{ c;'®lIft dx;'; uly{g \ .

t® km\nf]l®8fsf] jfo';g] f s]Gb|df :jtGq hLjg lhP® lgs} lalu|;s]sL j]6LnfO{ cfkm\gf] a'afsf] cg'zf;go'Qm tyf k|ltli7t hLjgsf] k|:tfj kr]g . k|zfGt dxf;fu®tkm{ o'4sf nflu hfg nfu]sf ;}lgs hjfgx¿ Soflnkmf]lg{ofdf y'lk|g yfn] . j]6Ln] klg 5fgL5fgL tL hjfg;“u dHhf lng yflng\ . pgsf] lktfsf] lj®f]wsf afah'b klg tL hjfg;“u 3'dlkm® ub}{ aflx®} lbg®ft latfpg yflng\, h;n] ubf{ afa'5f]®LaLr ;w}+ srsr x'g yfNof] . ;g\ !($# df k|x®Ln] Pp6f Sofkm]df 5fkf dfbf{ j]6L z®L® a]Rb} u®]sf] cj: yfdf lu®km\tf® eOg\ . cfkm\gL 5f]®Lsf] afgLa]xf]®fb]lv lbSs eO{ lSnof] ;f]6n{ ] cGttM pgnfO{ pgsL cfdf;“u a:g d]8kmf]8tkm{ k7fOlbP . d]8kmf]8d{ f klg cfkm\gL cfdfsf] lgoGq0fdf a:g'kg]{ ;f]rL pgn] n;PGh]N;eGbf s]xL k®sf] zfGtf af®af®fdf sfd kfOg\ . Toxf“ pgn] nfdf] ;do latfOg\ . ToxL“ pgsf] o'jfj: yfdf s]xL ;'vsf lbg ;'? eP . s]xL ;do Ps hgf ;fh]G{ 6;“u latfPkl5 pgL sf]nf]®f8f]sf] Ko'Anf]sf jfo';l} gs d]h® Dof6 uf]8g{ h'lgo®sf] dfofdf e'tS' s eOg\ . n8fO“sf] qmddf ef®t k'us ] f uf]8g{ Ps xjfO{ b'36{ gfdf dfl®P . To;sf] nuQ} pgn] csf{ o'jf kfOn6 n]lkm\6g]G6 hf];k] m hh{ lkmslnªl;t k|d] ug{ yflng\ . t® PSsfl;

;'Gb/Lsf] /x:odo xTof n

k|mfGs p;/

;do;“u} pgL cUnL, 5l®tf] hLp8fnsL, g®d 5fnf, sfnf] nfdf] s]; ® gLnf cf“vfsL a};+ fn' o'jtLdf kl®0ft eOg\ . ;g\ !($@ df pgn] !& 6]ss ] L a]nf cd]l®sf n8fO“df Jo:t lyof] . Toxf“ jfl0fHo Jofkf® j[l4 eO®x]sfn] ;a}sf nflu ®f]huf® pknAw lyof] . j]6L ljBfno 5f]8L ldofdLtkm{ nflug\ . Toxf“ pgn] Pp6f jfo';g] f s]Gb|df j]6;]« sf] sfd ug{ yflng\ . pgsf] Toxf“ v®fa ;dodf k|d] hLjg ;'? eof] . pQm s]Gb|s} ;a}eGbf ®fd|L a]6;« n]] hLpHofgsf] 7]ufg gePsf ;of}+ ;}lgs sd{rf®Ldfem v]nf}gfsf] ¿kdf k|:t't x'gk' ¥of] . bf];f| ] ljZjo'4tfsf cd]l®sL jfo' ;}lgs lgs} k|ltli7t ® ®+uLg ldhf;sf lyP . pgLx¿ s]6LnfO{ Knfl:6ssf k'tnL hlt klg dxŒj lb“bg} y] . s]6Ln] tL ;}lgsk|lt lgs} ;dlk{t eO{ dfof la5\ofpg'kb{Yof] . b]zsf nflu Hofgsf] cfx'lt lbg] jL® ;}lgsnfO{ s'g} klg s]6Ln] cfkm\gf] z®L® ;'Dk]® uf}®j dx;'; ug'k{ g]{ afWotf lyof] . To;a]nf Toxf“sf] ;dfhdf s]6Lx¿ cl:tTjljxLg lyP . ;}lgsx¿sf] ljnfl;tfsf nflu pkl:yt tL s]6LnfO{ ;+oQ' m ®fHo cd]l®sfdf To; a]nf leS6f]®L uN;{sf] gfdn] k'sfl®GYof] . k'?ifx¿sf nflu cfTdf ® z®L® a]Rg'kg]{ hLjgb]lv a]6L rf“8} g} jfSs eOg\ . To;}n] pgn] Soflnkmf]lg{ofsf] l®sdG8l:yt b a]jL of8{df sfo{®t cfkm\gf lktfnfO{ d2tsf nflu kq n]lvg\ . pgsf lktfn] vr{ k7fPkl5 pgL ;g\ !($@ df ;fg k|mflG;:sf] vf8Lsf] pQ®kl§sf] efNn]hf] ;x®df lktf;“u a:g lx“l8g\ . pgsL h]7L lbbL elh{lgof ljjfx u®L ToxL“ glhs} al;®x]sL lyOg\ . pgsf lktf klg 3®hd ug{ lgs} lrlGtt lyP . pgnfO{ kl®jf® 5'l§Pb]lv cfkm\gL 5f]®Ln] s]–slt b'Mv kfO{ eGg] s'®f yfxf lyof] . cfkm\gf] sdfO ®fd|f] ePsfn] pgL j]6LnfO{ k'gM ljBfno k7fpg rfxGy] .

;g\ !($^ sf] ;'?lt® pgL cfdfnfO{ e]6g\ d]8kmf]8{ kmls{g \ . Toxf“ dlxgf};+ Dd pgL cfkm\gf] klxnf] k|d] L uf]8g{ sf] va®sf] k|tLIffdf al;g\ . ;f]xL jif{sf] cu:6df dfq pgn] uf]8g{ dl®;s]sf] yfxf kfOg\ . otf nfvf}+ sf]l;; ubf{ klg lkmslnªn] j]6LnfO{ cfkm\gf] dfg;k6naf6 x6fpg g;s]kl5 clk|ndf pgn] j]6LnfO{ Pp6f kq n]v ] . d}n] ltdLnfO{ ;w}+ ;lDem®x]sf] 5' . slxn]sfxL“ dnfO{ cgf}7f] vfn] lgof;|f] nfU5 eGg] s'®f d ltdLaf6 n'sfpg ;lSbg“ . slxn]sfxL+ ;f]R5'– st} xfd|f] k|d] ;“u ckl®kSj ® Vofn7§f dfq} t lyPg < ltdL oxf“ j]:6sf]:6df rf“8} kms{ . oxf“ ;Dk"0f{ v';L lnP® d k|tLIff ul®®x]sf] x'g5] ' . cfkm\gf] klxnf] k|d] Lsf] d[To'sf] va® gkfP;Dd j]6L nfdf] ;do;Dd d]8kmf]8d{ } al;®lxg\ . cflv® cfkm" PSnf] ePsf] dx;'; u®L pgL lkmslnªnfO{ e]6g\ Soflnkmf]lg{of kmls{g \ . To;a]nf lkmslnª jfo';g] faf6 cjsfz lng 6]S;f; uPsf lyP . j]6Ln] pgnfO{ n]vs ] f] kqsf] k|To'Q®df lkmslnªn] n]v–] ltdLn] cfkm\gf] kqdf xfdL b'O{ c;n ldq aGg ;S5f}+ egL n]lvYof} . xfd|f] ljjfx ca c;Dej 5 . ;]gfaf6 cjsfz ePkl5 d]®f] eljio clglZrt 5 . ca d;“u klxnfh:tf] a'4

ofqf

July-Sept 2006

;flxTo÷ljb]zL syf ;fdflhs k|lti7f ® k};f 5}g . o; hjfkmn] j]6Lsf] Xbo l5ofl5of eof] . Ps ;do ;Dk"0f{ ;}lgs hjfgnfO{ v';L lbg ;Sg] j]6L ca cfkm}n+ fO{ klg v';L kfg{ g;Sg] l:yltdf k'lug\ . pgdf lg®fzf ® ;Gsfxfkg xfjL x'g yfNof] . bf];f| ] ljZjo'4 ;fDo eof] . j]6L ;s];Dd cfgGbn] hLjgofkg ug{ rfxlGyg\ . To;sf nflu pgn] cfkm\gf] Ps dfq k'h “ L ;'Gb® z®L®nfO{ bfpdf ®fVg] ljrf® ul®g\ . pgL cfkm\gf] gof“ gfd j]y ;f]6{ ®fv]® lkmNddf v]Ng] p2]Zon] xlnp8lt® nflug\ . Toxf“ pgn] !% jifL{of ;'Gb®L lng dfl6{g;“u ldt]®L uf“l;g\ . t® Toxf“ klg j]y ® dfl6{g xlnp8sf Sofkm]x¿df rxfg{ yfn] . s]xL ;doleq} pgn] Toxf“ zf®Ll®s¿kdf ;'Gb® s]6Lx¿ dfq ePsf], ltgLx¿df s'g} k|ltef g®x]sf] tyf xlnp8 ;+;f®s} ;a}eGbf qm"® 7fp“ xf] eGg] a'lemg\ . cGttM tL b'j} xlnp8sf] …kf6L{ uN;{Ú sf] ¿kdf b]vf k®] . Toxf“ …kf6L{ uN;{Ú lgs} abgfd dflgGy] . lj:tf®} pgsf] sfd's snfsf sf®0f pgL b ANofs blnofsf] ¿kdf rlr{t eOg\ . pgsf] nfdf] sfnf] s];, pgn] nufpg] sfn} ®+usf] j:q ® sfnf] cG8®j]o®sf sf®0f pgnfO{ ;f] gfd lbOPsf] lyof] . pgsf of}gf]Qh ] s gfª\uf t:jL®n] ahf® tfTg yfNof] . ca lar®L j]y j]Zofj[lQsf] k®fsfi7fdf k'lu;s]sL lyOg\ . pgn] dfl6{gsf] ;fy 5f]8®] …b ®]hh{ PhÚ gfds xlnp8 rnlrqdf ;fgf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{ Pg 6f]y gfds Ps hgf @! jifL{o snfsf®;“u ;Dks{ a9fOg\ . To;kl5 6f]yn] lrgfOlbPsf] Pp6f lyP6®sf dflns dfs{ xfG;]gn] j]ynfO{ cfkm";u“ ®fVg yfn] . zfob ;f“rf] dfof, ;'®Iff, ;dembf®Lsf] vf]hdf xf]nf, pgn] ;fg sfnf];{ l: yt xfG;]g ckf6{dG] 6df c;+Vo s]6f;“u 8]l6ª ug{ yflng\ . jf: tjdf pgL s] rfxlGyg\, s;}nfO{ yfxf lyPg . pgn] vf]hs ] f] s'®f zfob pgn]

ug{ yflng\ . ToxL ;f“em ®ftf] s]; ePsf JolQm Toxf“ sf®df cfP . sf®df a;]kl5 tL b'Oa{ Lr egfeg eof] . pgn] Tof] JolQmnfO{ n;PGh]N;tkm{ sf® nUg s® ub}{ Toxf“ uP® cfkm\gL lbbLalxgLnfO{ e]6g\ rfx]sf] atfOg\ . k|mG] rn] j]ynfO{ cfkm" n;PGh]N;df hfg grfx]sf] ® cfkm\gf] ;'xfp“bf] laxfg ;fg l8ofuf]df sfd ePsf] atfPsf] ;'gs ] L lyOg\ . t® j]yn] a;af6 eP klg n;PGh]N; hfg] l9kL u®]kl5 tL JolQmn] pgsf] s'®f dfg]® n;PGh]N;tkm{ sf® s'bfP . To;kl5 j]ynfO{ st} s;}n] b]vg] g\ . cGtdf n;PGh]N;sf Ps hgf JolQmn] ;g\ !($& sf] !% hgj®Ldf ;8ssf] 5]pdf km\of“lsPsf] j]ysf] jLeT; zj b]v ] . zj sDd®df ;kmf;“u sf6]® b'O{ 6'qmf kfl®Psf] lyof] . zfob pgL s'g} qm"® ck®fwLsf] xft k®]sL x'gk' b{5 . dfg'{ cl3 pgnfO{ v'§f af“w®] em'G8\ofO{ lgs} oftgf lbOPsf] x'gk' g]{ cg'dfg pgsf] zjsf] k|sl[ t x]bf{ ;lhn} ug{ ;lsGYof] . pgsf] d'v wfl®nf] xltof®n] sfl6Psf] lyof] . pgsf] 5ftLdf c;+Vo rf]6 lyP . vKk® s'RofOPsf] lyof] . pgsf] sDd®d'lgsf] efu sf6]® pbf+uf] kfl®Psf] lyof] . z®L® sf6]kl5 xTof®fn] b'j} 6'qmfnfO{ ®fd|®L wf]O{ ;kmf;“u k'5s ] f] b]lvGYof] . zj e]§fpg'eGbf cf7b]lv !$ 3G6fcl3 pgsf] xTof ul®Psf] k|tLt x'GYof] . SofDk s'sdf ;®sf®L sd{rf®L ®lx;s]sL j]ysf] zj pgsf] lkm+u® lk|G6af6 ;gfvt x'g ;s]sf] lyof] . u'Ktr®x¿n] cg';Gwfgkl5 ;f] zjnfO{ ;fg l8ofuf]af6 sf®df NofO{ Toxf“ km\of“sL xTof®f pQ®tkm{ nfu]sf] x'gk' g]{ kQf nufP . sf®sf] 6fo®sf] lrx\gaf6 ;f] cg'dfg ul®Psf] lyof] . ;f] 36gf:ynglhs} a:g] Ps hgf JolQmn] cl3Nnf] ®ft zj km\of“lsPs} :yfgdf !(#% df]8nsf rf® j6f em\ofn ePsf] Pp6f ;]8fg sf® kfs{

;do;“u} pgL cUnL, 5l/tf] hLp8fnsL, g/d 5fnf, sfnf] nfdf] s]; / gLnf cf“vfsL a}+;fn' o'jtLdf kl/0ft eOg\ . kfpg ;lsgg\ . To;}n] pgL k'gM d]8kmf]8l{ :yt cfkm\gf] 3®tkm{ nflug\ . Toxf“ klg pgn] zflGt kfOgg\ . pgn] Toxf“sf] jftfj®0fdf cfkm"nfO{ pko'Qm 7fGg ;lsgg\ . pgsf ;a} lbbLalxgLsf] ®fd|f] ® k|ltli7t 3®hd eO;s]sf] lyof] . To;}n] ;g\ !($^ sf] l8;]Da®df pgL km]l® n;P]GhN; kmls{g \ . @! jif{sL PSnf], eolet j]ysf] cufl8 b'Mv ® tLtf] ljut nDk;f® k®]sf] lyof] . cfkm\gf] sf]xL lrg]hfg]sf dfG5]x¿ ePsf] xlnp8 hfg'afx]s pgsf] ;fd' csf]{ ljsNk lyPg . t® h]xf];,\ Toxf“ pgsf] ljjfx ug]{ ® rnlrqdf v]Ng] ;kgf slxNo} ;fsf® x'Gg eGg] pgnfO{ yfxf lyof] . Toxf“sf wgL k'?ifsf cf“vf s]sf] k5fl8 bu'5g{ \ eGg] pgnfO{ k"0f{ cg'ej lyof] . Toxf“ pgn] k'gM Ps k6s Pg 6f]ysf] ;xf®f lnOg\ . pgL gfª\uf kmf]6f lvrfO{ xlnp8df u|fxs vf]H] b} lbg latfpg yflng\ . ^ l8;]Da®sf lbg pgL cfkm\gf lbbLalxgLnfO{ e]65\ ' eGb} Pg 6f]ysf] 3®af6 lx“l8g\ . t® To;sf] b'O{ lbgkl5 g} pgL ;fg l8ofuf]sf] ®ftel® lkmNd rNg] Pp6f l;g]df 3®df b]vf kl®g\ . pgL tL b'O{ lbg sxf“ lyOg\ eGg] s'®f k|x®Lsf] nflu ®x:os} ljifo ag]sf] 5 . ;f] ®ft pQm l;g]df 3®df e]6s ] L ;fg l8ofuf]sL >LdtL e]®f k|mG] rnfO{ pgn] cfkm\gf] klt o'4df dfl®Psf] ® pgaf6 hGd]sf] aRrfsf] klg d[To' eO;s]sf] bb{gfs em"6f] syf ;'gfPsL lyOg\ . k|mG] rn] pgnfO{ cfkm\gL 5f]®L h:t} kfNg nflug\ . j]y pgL;“u l8;]Da®b]lv lqm;d; ® gof“ jif{;Dd ;fy} ®lxg\ . ToxL qmddf cfkm\gf] Jofj;flos ;xof]uLsf ¿kdf j]yn] km]~rnfO{ Ps hgf JolQm;“u kl®ro u®fOg\ . ®ftf] s];sf] ;f] JolQm 5 lkm6 cUnf] lyof] . * hgj®Ldf j]yn] …kv{Ú d ltdLnfO{ lng cfp“b5} ' eGg] n]lvPsf] Pp6f 6]lnu|fd k|fKt ul®g\ . ;f] 6]lnu|fd kfP® v';L x'b“ } pgn] cfkm\gf ;fdfg Kofs a'4

ofqf

July-Sept 2006

ul®Psf] ® s]xL If0fd} Ps hgf dfG5] ;f] sf® r9L Toxf“af6 lx“8s ] f] atfP . Pg 6f]yn] cfkm"n] j]ynfO{ clGtd k6s l8;]Da®sf] ;'?df jfo';g] fsf Ps hgf n]lkm\6g]G6;“u b]vs ] f] atfP . j]ysf Ps hgf csf{ ;fyL d]8kmf]8a{ f6 kms]k{ l5 j]yn] n;PGh]N; o'lgog :6];gdf Pp6f lr7L 5f]8s ] f] va® lbPkl5 k|x®Ln ;f] lr7L hkmt u®L vf]n®] x]® ] . Toxf“af6 n]lkm\6g]G6 s0f]n{ b]lv ljleGg cf]xfbfsf ;}lgssf] ;}Go kf];fsdf lvlrPsf t:jL®x¿ ® n]lkm\6g]G6 lkmslnªsf kqx¿ a®fdb u®] . otf k|x®Lsf] ;Totf kQf nufpg] k|of; c;kmn x'b“ } uof] eg] ptf ;f] xTofsf] lhDd]jf®L ln“b} c1ft JolQmn] ljleGg k|df0f ® ;Gb]zx¿ k|x®LnfO{ wdfwd k7fpg yfn] . j]ysf] xTof ePsf] b;f}+ lbg @$ hgj®Ldf n;PGhN; kf]:6 clkm;df k|x®Lsf] gfddf Ps c1ft kf;{n k|fKt eof] . To;df j]ysf] hGd k|df0fkq, ef®tdf dfl®Psf d]h® uf]8f]g{ sf] ;fgf] kmf]6f], Pp6f ;fdflhs ;'®Iff sf8{, jy{sf] kl®rokq, pgsf s]xL kmf]6f cflb lyP . o;}u®L xlnp8 a'NE; P;f]l;P;gsf] Pp6f ;b:otf kq, pgsf] sfO“of], z[ªuf®sf ;fdfg ® dfs{ xfG;]gn] pgnfO{ pkxf®:j¿k lbPsf] ;fgf] sfnf] ®+usf] Ps kGgf RofltPsf] 7]ufgf n]Vg] k'l:tsf klg ;f] kf;{ndf lyof] . To;kl5 klg k|x®LnfO{ kmf]g ® kqdfkm{t of] xTof :jLsfg]{ y'k}| c1ft kqx¿ k|fKt eO®x] .t®, xTof®f sf] lyof] slxNo} kQf nfu]g . bf];f| ] ljZjo'4kl5 hd{g ® hfkfgLx¿åf®f o:t} k|sf®sf] xTof x'g] u®]sf y'k}| 36gf k|sfzdf cfPsf lyP . o:tf xTof bf]xf]l®b} uPsfn] To;}sf] cfwf®df pQm xTofsfG8 ;'Nemfpg] cfzf ub}{ k|x®Ln] j]y xTofsfG8sf] kmfOn aGb u®] . t®, kl5 ePsf xTof cufl8s} xTofaf6 k|l] ®t eGg] afx]s s]xL kQf] nfu]g .w . . cg'jfb—cf]dz+s/ >]i7

v]ns'b

cfof] ;fkm

tof/L uf]ndfn

.. cho km'ofn

…g

jf}+ ;fkmsf] c;kmntfn] dxf;+3sf kbflwsf®Lsf] dg b'vs ] f] 5}g,Ú ;fkmdf b'O{ k6s :j0f{ kbs lhlt;s]sf s®f“t] v]nf8L bLks >]i7n] ut dlxgf g]kfn s®f“t] dxf;+3df tfnfaGbL ubf{ dg b'vfp“b} eg]sf lyP . nuftf® t];f| ] k6s ®fi6«sf nflu blIf0f Pl;ofnL :j0f{ kbs lht]® ;+Gof; lng] ;f]r agfPsf bLkssf] g]tT[ jdf s®f“ts ] f ®fli6«o v]nf8Ln] b;f}+ blIf0f Pl;ofnL v]ns'b -;fkm_ d'v}df cfO;Sbf;d]t tof®Ldf s'g} rf;f] gb]vfPsf], ®fli6«o k|ltof]lutf gu®]sf] tyf ckf®bzL{ tj®n] dxf;+3 rnfPsf] cf®f]kdf tfnfaGbL u®]sf lyP . v]nf8Lsf] dfudf dxf;+3 kbflwsf®Lx¿n] df}lvs ;xdlt hgfPkl5 tfNrf vf]lnPsf] 5, t® jf:tljs ;d:of cem} ;dfwfg gePsf] cu'jf v]nf8L tyf k|lzIfs z+v®Tg jh|frfo{ atfp“5g\ . ®fli6«o k|ltof]lutf ug]{ ;xdlt eP klg v]nf8Lsf] ;d:of ToxL dfq gePsf] pgL atfp“5g\ . …cu:6 @ b]lv x'g] ;fusf nflu v]nf8Ln] cem} ®fd|f] tof®Lsf] jftfj®0f kfPsf 5}gg\ . cem} tof®Ldf dxf;+3 jf ®fv]keGbf klg v]nf8L ®

k|lzIfssf] JolQmut k|of; dfq ;Lldt 5,Ú z+v®Tg eG5g\– …®fi6«sf nflu lbg®ft zf®Ll®s d]xgt ug]{ v]nf8Ln] kof{Kt …8fO6Ú sf nflu ;d]t cfjZos eQf kfPsf 5}gg\ .Ú ®fli6«o v]ns'b kl®ifb\sf] k'®fgf] g]tT[ jn] >Ln+sfdf x'g] b;f}+ ;fkmsf nflu gf} dlxgf klxnf g} cf}krfl®s ¿kdf tof®L ;'? ePsf] 3f]if0ff u®]sf] lyof] . tof®Lsf] bf}®fg v]nf8Ln] …8fO6Ú vr{:j¿k b}lgs %) ?lkof“ lbg] lg0f{o klg ®fv]kaf6 ePsf] lyof] . t® cGt®f{li6«o k|ltof]lutfsf] nflu s8f cEof;df ®x“bf lbOg] eQfsf] ®sd cToGt} Go"g ePsf] v]nf8Lx¿ atfp“5g\ . sf7df8f}d + f ;DkGg cf7f}+ ;fkmdf !$ :j0f{ kbs lht]® blIf0f Pl;ofnL s®f“td] f babaf dRrfPsf] g]kfn kfls:tfgdf ;DkGg gjf}+ ;fkmdf Pp6f :j0f{ kbsd} ;Lldt ePsf] lyof] . b'j} ;+:s®0fdf s®f“ta] f6 :j0f{ kbs lhTg] Ps dfq g]kfnL v]nf8L bLks cf;Gg b;f}+ ;fkmdf klg cf7f}+ ;+:s®0fsf] h:tf] uf}®jdo glthf Nofpgsf nflu s®f“t] dxf;+3 ® ®fv]kaf6 s'g} k|efjsf®L sfd gePsf] u'gf;f] u5{g \ . …ca ;do cToGt} sd 5 . tof®Ldf ljz]if hf]8 glbg] xf] eg] o;kfln klg ;xeflutfsf nflu >Ln+sf hfg]h:tf] x'G5,Ú bLks eG5g\– …kl5 lhTg ;lsPg eg]® ysys ug'{eGbf clxNo} s;®L lhTg ;lsG5 eg]®

tof®Ldf hf]8 lbg'k5{ .Ú b;f}+ ;fkmsf] tof®Lsf nflu :jod\ g]kfnL v]ns'bsf] ;jf]R{ r lgsfo ®fv]k g} pbf;Lg ®x“bf s®f“t] dfq xf]Og, clxn] ;a} v]nsf] larNnL 5 . Pyn]l6S; ® t]SjfGbf]afx]s s;}sf] tof®Ldf klg ;fkmaf6 kbs lhTg] k|lta4tf e]l6“bg} . olb c¿ ljwfdf g]kfnn] kbs lht]df Tof] v]nf8L ® k|lzIfssf] JolQmut k|of;sf] kmn dfq x'g5 ] . ®fv]k jf ;DalGwt ®fli6«o ;+3n] To;df h; lngsf nflu clxn] tof®Ldf rf;f] b]vfPsf 5}gg\ . …clxn] skbL{afx]s ;a} v]nsf] tof®L ®fd|f; ] u“ rln®x]sf] 5, t® v]nf8L ® k|lzIfssf] cfkm\g} k|of;dfÚ g]kfn ®fli6«o tyf cGt®f{li6«o v]nf8L ;+3sf dxf;lrj s'df®axfb'® sfsL{ eG5g\– …;fkmsf nflu cEof;df ®x]sf v]nf8LnfO{ cfjZos v'®fssf] ;d]t Joj:yf ul®Psf] 5}g . s]xL v]nf8Lsf] k|of;df ;3n] ;fdfGo ;xof]u k'¥ofP klg Tof] kof{Kt 5}g .Ú dxf;lrj s'df®sf cg';f® v]nf8L ;+3n] v]nf8Lsf] ;'ljwfsf ljifodf ®fv]k ® g]kfn cf]nlDks sld6L;dIf dfu ®flv;s]sf] 5 . h;cg';f® cf]nlDks sld6Ln] v]nf8LnfO{ v'®fssf nflu s]xL ®sd pknAw u®fpg] cfZjf;g lbPsf] pgL atfp“5g\ . t® b}lgs cEof;df kl;gf r'xfO®x]sf v]nf8Ln] eg] To:tf] s'g} ;'ljwf kfPsf 5}gg\ . blIf0f Pl;ofnL v]ns'bsf] dxfs'De dflgg] ;fkm cfpg ca b'O{ dlxgf klg af“sL 5}g . tof®Lsf lx;fadf clxn] v]nf8L clGtd a'4

ofqf

July-Sept 2006

v]ns'b r®0fdf x'gk' Yof],{ t® Pyn]l6S; ® t]SjfGbf]afx]s c¿ v]nsf] cf}krfl®s tof®L ev{® ;'? ePsf] h:tf] b]lvG5 . s®f“t] ® p;'n] ev{® ®fli6«o k|ltof]lutf u®]sf 5g\ eg] skbL{n] t v]nf8L 5gf]6;d]t ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g . ut a}zfvdf g} x'g] to ePsf] b;f}+ ;fkm lxGb dxf;fu®df cfPsf] cfdljgfzsf®L ;'gfdLaf6 cfof]hs >Ln+sf klg k|efljt ePsfn] ebf} s f nflu ;fl®Psf] lyof] . a}zfvdf k|ltof]lutf x'g] ;f]rfOdf ®fv]kn] ut ebf}b]lv g} cf}krfl®s tof®L ;'? u®]sf] t® k|ltof]lutf ;®]kl5 c:tJo:t ag]sf] tof®L cleofg b]zsf] kl®l:ylt ® ®fv]k g]t[TjljxLg x'“bf emg} cGof]ndf k®]sf] ®fv]k tflnd tyf k|lzIf0f ljefusf lgb]{zs kfy{ zf®yL ;]g u'Ktf atfp“5g\ . tyflk c;f® ! b]lv ;a} v]ndf lhNnfsf v]nf8LnfO{ ;d]t ®fhwfgLd} 8fs]® ljz]if tof®L ;'? u®]sf] u'Ktfsf] bfaL 5 . ljz]if tof®Lsf] bf}®fg v]nf8Lsf] v'®fs vr{ %) af6 a9fP® ! ;o k'¥ofOPsf] pgL atfp“5g\ . …k|ltof]lutf k"jl{ gwf{l®t ;dod} ePsf] eP xfd|f] tof®L ;'rf? lyof], t® k|ltof]lutf rf® dlxgf ;bf{ xfdLnfO{ 3ft eof] . hgcfGbf]ng, ®fhgLlts kl®jt{g ® ®fv]k;d]t o:tf] dxŒjk"0f{ ;dodf nfdf] ;do g]tT[ jljxLg x'b“ f tof®Ldf vf;} hf]8 lbg ;lsPg,Ú u'Ktf eG5g\– …k'®fgf] ;b:o ;lrj x6]kl5 v]ns'b nfdf] ;do;Dd g]t[TjljxLg eof] . To;}n] xfdLnfO{ sfd ug{ s]xL xb;Dd ufx|f] eof] . tyflk clxn] ;b:o;lrj lgo'Qm ePkl5 s]xL ;xhtf cg'ej ePsf] 5 .Ú ut a}zfv @* df nf]stflGqs ;®sf®n] k|ltufdL sfnsf ;a} ®fhgLlts lgo'lQm vf®]hsf] lg0f{o u®]kl5 kl®ifb\sf tTsfnLg ;b:o;lrj lszf]®axfb'® l;+x :jtM kbd'Qm ePsf lyP . l;+x kbd'Qm ePkl5 vfnL ePsf] ®fv]k g]tT[ j

k'gM ;®sf®n] sl®a tLg ;ftfsf] l®Qmtfkl5 lzIff tyf v]ns'b dGqfnosf ;x;lrj af]w®fh lg®f}nfnfO{ c:yfoL ¿kdf ;b:o;lrjsf] sfd ug{ sfhdf k7fPsf] 5 . lg®f}nfsf] cfudgkl5 cTofjZos sfd g®f]lsPsf] tflnd tyf k|lzIf0f ljefusf k|dv ' u'Ktfn] atfP klg v]nf8Ln] eg] To;sf] cg'el" t ug{ gkfPsf] ;fkmsf nflu cEof;®t v]nf8Lx¿ atfp“5g\ . …gof“ ;b:o;lrjsf]

kl5Nnf] k6s gjf} + ;fkmsf nflu kfls:tfg hf“bf ;®sf®af6 cfjZos ®sd pknAw gx'b“ f ;a} v]nf8L ®]n r9]® uPsf] :d®0f ub}{ b'O{ k6s nuftf® ®fi6«sf nflu ;fkmdf :j0f{ kbs lhTg] t]SjfGbf]sf bLks lji6 o;kfln To;f] gug{ ®fv]k tyf ;®sf®nfO{ ;r]t u®fp“5g\ . …olb o;kfln klg To:t} ePdf ;Dk"0f{ v]nf8Ln] gv]Ng] lg0f{o ul®;s]sf 5g,Ú b;f}+ ;fkmdf klg :j0f{ kbs lht]® ≈ofl6«s u®]kl5 ;+Gof; lng]

;fkm tof/Lsf] bf}/fg v]nf8Ln] …8fO6Ú vr{:j?k b}lgs %) ?lkof“ lbg] lg0f{o klg /fv]kaf6 ePsf] lyof] . t/ cGt/f{li6«o k|ltof]lutfsf] nflu s8f cEof;df /x“bf lbOg] eQfsf] /sd cToGt} Go"g ePsf] v]nf8Lx? atfp“5g\ . xfdLn] d'v;d]t b]Vg kfPsf 5}gf} + . pxf“ kl®ifb\ df klg vf;} cfpg'xG' g,Ú Pyn]l6S;sf Ps v]nf8L eG5g\– …sd{rf®L cfP® v]ns'b efjgfsf] k|ltlglwTj ®fd|®L x'g ;s]g . rf“8f]eGbf rf“8f] v]ns'bd} k"®f ;do lbg] v]ns'b a'em]sf] dfG5] g]tT[ jdf cfpg'k¥of] .Ú ;fkm ;xeflutfsf nfluut h'g !* ;Dddf ;xefuL ;+Vof tyf h'nfO{ @& ;Dddf gfd} tf]s®] k7fpg'kg]{ lgodfg';f® kl®ifb\n] @ ;o v]nf8Lsf] gfd blIf0f Pl;of cf]nlDks kl®ifb\df k7fPsf] 5 . …of] ;+Vof kl5 36\g klg ;S5 . clxn] cg'dfgsf cfwf®df k7fOPsf] xf],Ú tflnd tyf k|lzIf0f ljefu k|dv ' u'Ktfsf] of] egfOn] klg ®fv]k ;fkm ;xeflutfsf] ljifodf pbf;Lg ®x]sf] ;+st] u5{ . …k|ltof]lutf x'g b'O{ dlxgf af“sL ®x“bf;d]t ;xefuL x'g] v]nf8L lglZrt eO;s]sf] 5}g eg] o:tf] tof®LnfO{ s;®L k"0f{ eGg] <Ú cfkm\g} k|of;df cEof; ul®®x]sf s®f“t] v]nf8Lx¿ k|Zg u5{g \ .

;f]r agfPsf bLksn] eg]– …ca v]nf8L Psh'6 eO;s]sf 5g\ . v]ns'bdf ca kbflwsf®Lx¿sf] x}g, v]nf8Lsf] dxŒj x'gk' 5{ . cGoyf v]nf8L hflu;s]sf 5g\, v]nf8Lsf] efjgfdf v]Ng] jf ;fkmh:tf] 7"nf] k|ltof]lutfnfO{ a]jf:tf ug]{ xf] eg] v]nf8Ln] s;}nfO{ 5f]8g\ j] fnf 5}gg\ .Ú cem};Dd ;fkm tof®Laf6 kl®ifb\ jf dGqfnon] s'g} ;fj{hlgs 3f]if0ff gubf{ bLkssf] z+sfdf ;Totf n'ss ] f] e]l6G5 . cGt®f{li6«o ;d'bfodf ®fi6«sf] ;f“rf] :t® b]vfpg] eg]sf] v]ns'baf6} xf] . t® olb ;®sf® ® ®fv]k ;dod} To;tkm{ ;r]t gx'g] xf] eg] g]kfnL v]ns'b cGt®f{li6«o ;d'bfodf ®fi6«sf] 5lj k|:t't ug{ ;kmn x'g5 ] g} . …ca sDtLdf lzIff tyf v]ns'b dGqfno ® ®fv]kn] c:yfoL eP klg g]tT[ j kfPsf] 5 . 5f]6f] ;dod} eP klg pkof]u u®]® ljz]if k|lzIf0fsf] Joj:yf ug'k{ 5{,Ú bLks lji6 eG5g\– …v]nf8Lsf] ;'ljwf a9fpg'k¥of], cfjZostfcg'¿k j}bl] zs k|lzIf0fsf] Joj:yf klg ldnfpg'k¥of] .Ú w

Lumbini Air Freight Pvt. Ltd. P.O.Box: 21243, Thamel, Kathmandu, Nepal, Tel: 4258908, 426522, 4212567 Fax: 4262522, e-mail: laf@wlink.com.np, laf@mail.com.np Hari Bahadur Shrestha Managing Director Tel: 4425634 (R), Mobile: 98510-42206

AIR, AIR/SEA & LAND SEA FREIGHT FORWARDER a'4

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July-Sept 2006

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stGqk|flKtsf nflu hltv]/ b]zdf cfGbf]ng rls{/x]sf] lyof], Vofltk|fKt xf:o hf]8L dx cyf{t dbgs[i0f >]i7 / xl/j+z cfrfo{ cfGbf]ng rls{/x]s} 7fp“x¿df PDa'n]G;df rSs/ nufO/x]sf lyP . dx hf]8L cfGbf]ngsf qmddf 3fOt] x'g]x¿sf] k|fylds pkrf/df ;3fP/ cfGbf]ngk|lt g}lts ;dy{g ug]{ / gful/s ;dfhaf6 cfGbf]ngsf nflu yk ;dy{g / ;xeflutf h'6fpg] cleofgdf nflu/x]sf] lyof] . dxn] Ps nfv ?lkof“sf] cIfo sf]if v8f u/]/ ;~rfng u/]sf] hgcfGbf]ng k|fylds pkrf/ sf]if hgcfGbf]ng efu @ sf nflu olt ;xfosl;4 eof] ls cfGbf]ngnfO{ prfOdf k'¥ofpg o;n] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Nof] . cfGbf]ngdf k|ToIf ;xefuL x'g gldNg]x¿, x'g g;Sg]x¿, ;a}n] o; sf]ifdf /sd pknAw u/fP/ cfGbf]ngk|lt ;dy{g hgfP . cfGbf]ngdf cfk}+m ;l/s x'g g;s] klg cfGbf]ngdf 3fOt] x'g]x¿sf] pkrf/sf nflu /sd pknAw u/fpg' eg]sf] jf:tjdf cfk}+mdf cfGbf]ngnfO{

7"nf] sfd u/]—logn]

cem v'nf ¿kdf ;3fpg' lyof] . of] sf]ifn] dfgl;s ¿kdf cfGbf]ngsf/LnfO{ ltdLx¿n] ul//x]sf] cfGbf]ng ;xL 5, ltdLx¿ cem cufl8 a9, s]xL eOxfNof] eg] xfdL 5f}+ eg]/ cfGbf]ngdf ;xefuL x'g k|l] /t ug]{ sfd klg u¥of] . To;}n] t snsfl/tf, kqsfl/tf, lrlsT;f, cWofkg, k|fWofkg, gful/s ;dfh, a'l4hLjL ;a} au{ / If]qaf6 of] sf]ifdf /sd hDdf ul/lbg] sfd eO/x] . ufp“ufp“af6 dfq xf]Og, ljb]zaf6 ;d]t g]kfnLn] sf]ifdf /sd k7fP/ cfGbf]ngk|lt g}lts ;dy{g / an b]vfP . sf]ifdf o;/L /sd cfof] dfgf}+ hg cfGbf]ng k|fylds pkrf/ sf]ifdf /sd hDdf ug'{ g} cfGbf]ng xf] . ;fob of] cfGbf]gdflysf] cfGbf]ng lyof] . o;/L hDdfhDdL Ps nfv ?lkof“af6 ;~rfng ul/ Psf] sf]if c;f]rlgo 9+un] Ps s/f]8eGbf a9Lsf] sf]if aGg k'Uof] . …sf]ifdf oqf] /sd hDdf xf]nf eGg] ;f]rs ] } lyPgf} + . sf]ifdf hDdf ePsf] /sdsf] kl/df0fn] g} b]vfp“5 ls g]kfnLx¿ nf]stGq k|flKtsf nflu slt ps';d's; ' ePsf /x]5g\ eGg],Ú sf]ifsf ;~rfnsdWo]sf Ps xl/j+z cfrfo{ eG5g\ . …pkrf/ sf]ifdfk{mt nf]sqGqsf nflu ePsf] cfGbf]ngnfO{ ;xof]u ug{ kfp“bf xfdLnfO{ uf}/j dx;'; ePsf] 5,Ú csf{ ;~rfns dbgs[i0f >]i7 eG5g\ . sf]ifdf g;f]rs ] f] /sd hDdf x“b' } uPkl5 s]jn k|fylds pkrf/ ug{ :yflkt sf]ifn] kl5 3fOt]sf] k"/} pkrf/ ;d]t ul//x]sf] 5 eg] cToGt ljkGgnfO{ gub;d]t k|bfg ul//x]sf] 5 . jf:tjdf /fhg}lts kf6L{sf 7"nf 7"nf g]tfsf] clkn / cfx\jfgn] ;d]t kfg{ g;s]sf] k|efj dx hf]8Lsf] o; cleofgn] kf/]sf] lyof] . @)$^ ;fnsf] hgcfGbf]ngdf klg d'vdf sfnf] k6\6L af“w/] ;j{;fwf/0f ;“u;“u} v'nf ¿kdf cfGbf]ngdf pq]sf] dx hf]8L g} pkrf/ sf]if?kL cleofg lnP/ cfGbf]ngsf] d}bfgdf

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July-Sept 2006

hLjgsf /+u

cfGbf]ngsf/Ldfly ePsf] lgd{d / aa{/tfk"0f{ bdgsf z[+vnf a9\g yfn]kl5 cfGbf]ngdf klg ;xeflutf a9\of] / sltko snfsdL{x¿ klg cfGbf]ngdf ;xefuL eP . cf]ln{Pkl5 ;a} If]qsf dflg;df dbgs[i0f / xl/j+z t cfGbf]ngdf cfO;s], ca xfdL o;df ;xefuL x'gk} 5{ eGg] dfgl;stf agfP/ cfGbf]ngsf] df]rf{df pqg]x¿ oy]i6 lyP . pkrf/ sf]ifk|lt ;a} If]qn] b]vfPsf] ?lr / a9fPsf] ;fy;“u} pkrf/ sf]ifdf a[l4 ePkl5 xKtf}; + Dd dx hf]8Lsf] sfd g} sf]ifsf] lx;fa x]g{] / c¿ c:ktfndf klg pkrf/ sf]ifsf] /sd x:tfGt/0f ug]{ eof] . ;x/e/L sk\mo'{ lyof], dxsf] lghL uf8L t s] pgL;Da4 sf7df8f}+ df]8n c: ktfnsf] PDa'nG] ;nfO{ ;d]t sk\mo'{ kf; lbOPsf] lyPg . t}klg dx hf]8L Hofgs} afhL /fv]/ Pda'nG] ; r9L /sd x:tfGt/0f ug{ cGo c: ktfn k'¥ofO/x]sf x'Gy], cfGbf]ngsf 3fOt]nfO{ cf];fl//x]sf x'Gy] . 3fOt]nfO{ ;xof]u u/]/ ;fdflhs ;]jf u/]h:tf] b]lvP klg pkrf/ sf]ifdfk{mt k|ToIf ¿kdf hg cfGbf]ngnfO{ ;3fO/x]s} sf/0f dx hf]8L tTsfnLg ;/sf/sf] cf“vfsf] tf/f];d]t ag] . kmn:j¿k dx hf]8LnfO{ kqmfp ug{ vf]Hg], uf]nL xfGg]h: tf sfd klg u/] . Pp6f sfo{qmddf nf]stflGqs cfGbf]ngsf] kIfdf cleJolQm lbP/ aflxl/ PnuQ} k'tnL;8sdf t}gfy k|x/ Lx¿n] dx hf]8LnfO{ kqmfp ug{ vf]Hbf Toxf“ /x]sf dx hf]8Lsf k|z; + sn] pgLx¿nfO{ k|x/Laf6 k'mTsfPsf lyP eg] To;sf] nuQ} u'?s'nåf/ f afg]Zj/df cfof]lht sfo{qmddf dx hf]l8lt/} ;f]HofP/ uf]nL rnfOPsf] lyof] . t/, kl5 Toxf“ t}gfy k|x/Ln] dx hf]8LnfO{ a'4

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July-Sept 2006

glrg]/ uf]nL rnfPsf] hgfPsf] lyof] . nf]stGqsf nflu ePsf] hgcfGbf]ngsf] k|f/lDes r/0fdf g]kfnL rnlrq tyf snf If]qaf6 vf;} ;xeflutf ePsf] lyPg . t/ ha cfGbf]ngn] prfO lng] b]lvof] / cfGbf]ng ;kmntflt/ pGd'v eof], ;a} If]q / ju{af6 PsfPs ;xeflutf a9\g yfNof] . /fhg}lts kf6L{x¿sf] cfx\jfgdf cfGbf]ng eO/xg] / Tolts} ;]nfpg] ugf{n] klg dflg; Ps}k6s cfGbf]ngdf hfg lxlRsrfO/x]sf lyP . t/ cfGbf]ngsf/Ldfly ePsf] lgd{d / aa{/tfk"0f{ bdgsf z[v + nf a9\g yfn]kl5 cfGbf]ngdf klg ;xeflutf a9\of] / sltko snfsdL{x¿ klg cfGbf]ngdf ;xefuL eP . gfos lglvn pk|t] L EofP hlt / nf]stflGqs cfGbf]ngsf kIfdf ePsf sfo{qmddWo] af]nfP hlt 7fp“df k'u] . pgL o:tf h'gh'g sfo{qmddf k'u,] tL tL sfo{qmddf nf]stGqsf kIfdf cfk\mgf tfls{s / ;fGble{s ljrf/ /fv]/ rnlrqsf dfq xf]Og, nf]stGqsf] n8fO“df ;d]t rnlrq If]qsf tk{maf6 gfos 7xl/P . nf]stGqsf] kIfdf lglvnsf] ljrf/ / cleJolQm ;'Gg]x¿n] pgL /fhgLlt a'em] sf] snfsf/sf ¿kdf klg sxlnP . ptf snFsf] If]qdf ePsf] cfGbf]ngdf x/]s lbg gflosf ljkgf yfkfnfO{ b]lvof] . x/]s lbgsf] cfGbf]ngdf ljkgfnfO{ lg/+sz ' zfxL ;Qflj?4 rsf{ gf/f nufO/x]sf] cj: yfdf b]lvof] . sf+u; ]| k[i7e"ldsL ljkgfdfq xf]Og pgsL cfdf tyf lbbLalxgL;d]t u/L

;kl/jf/ cfGbf]ngdf plqPsf] klg b]lvof] . ljkgfnfO{ ljleGg sfo{qmddf klg nf]stGqsf] v/f] ;dy{ssf ¿kdf b]lvof] . snFsL If]qs} cfGbf]ngdf hdfgfsL gflosf df};dL dNnnfO{ klg k6sk6s b]lvof] . alnbfgh:tf] hgcfGbf]ngdf cfwfl/t rnlrq lgdf{0f ug]{ lgdf{tf Zofd ;fksf]6f nf]stGqsf] kIfdf ePsf k|bz{gdf klg b]lvP . b]zeQm vgfn, ;'lgn kf]v/]n, gLzf kf]v/]n, x]dGt a'9fyf]sL, tLy{ yfkf, s]kL kf7s, gLnx/L sfk\mn]nufotsf bh{gf} snfsdL{n] ljleGg ;+3;+:yfdf cfj4 eO{ nf]stGqsf] kIfdf ljljw lsl;dsf sfo{qmd klg ;~rfng u/] . o; qmddf cfGbf]ngsf If0fnfO{ ;d]6/] Pp6f rnlrq;d]t lgdf{0f ul/Psf] 5 . h'g rnlrq ;]No'nfO8 k|ljlwdf agfpgsf nflu czf]s zdf{n] Sofg pknAw u/fPsf lyP . o;afx]s rnlrq;“u ;DalGwt ;a}h;f] ;+3;+:yfn] k|; ] lj1lKt hf/L u/L nf]stGq : yfkgf ug{ bafa lbg] sfd u/] . rnlrq kqsf/ ;+3, g]kfn rnlrq lgdf{tf ;+3, g]kfn rnlrq ;+3, g[Tosf/ ;+3, snfsf/ ;+3nufotn] nf]stGq :yfkgfsf] dfu ub}{ lj1lKt hf/L u/]sf lyP eg] rnlrq;DaGwL s]xL ;+:yfn] cfGbf]ngdf 3fOt] x'gx] ¿sf nflu /Qmbfg sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf u/]sf lyP / bh{gf}+ snfsdL{n] /Qmbfg u/]sf lyP . o;/L nf]stGqk|flKtsf nflu cGo If]qsf JolQmTj;“u} bh{gf}+ snfsdL{n] klg ljleGg dfWodaf6 cxd\ e"ldsf v]ns ] f 5g\ . w

ItistheofficialmilleagecardcarrierofBuddhaAir

Main Features

Clearing & Forwarding Service

Fastest Delivery Service

Cargo Service in any part of Nepal

Proof of Delivery System On Board Courier (OBC)

Door to door pickup & delivery system

Largest Network in Nepal By Air Service in Emergency

SCUD COURIER & Cargo Service (P) Ltd. Khichapokhari, Kathmandu, Tel : 4219103/4219104, Fax: 4222223 E-mail : scudc@wlink.com.np

Domestic & Worldwide Express

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July-Sept 2006

HOLIDAYS PACKAGES FOR ROYAL CLUB MEMBERS

TEA HOUSE –NAGARKOT

Cost NPR 1000/- Per person on twin sharing basis; Cost includes; • • • • 2.

Transportation Services from Kathmandu/ Tea House/Kathmandu. Welcome drink on arrival. One double room on twin sharing basis for one night two days. Dinner/ Breakfast

HOTEL VIEW BHRIKUTIGODAVARI

•

One double room on twin sharing basis one night two days. Dinner/Breakfast.

TREK O’ TEL HOTEL-POKHARA

Cost NPR 700/- Per person on twin sharing basis: Cost include: • Welcome drinks on arrival • One double room on twin sharing basis for two nights three days. • Breakfast. 5.

GREEN MANSIONS-CHITAWAN

Cost NPR 1500/- Per Person on twin sharing basis : Cost include:

Cost NPR 3000/- Per person on twin sharing basis Cost include:

• • •

•

Both way transportation by private car. Welcome drinks. One double room on twin sharing basis for one night two days. Dinner /Breakfast.

MIRABLE RESORT-DHULIKHEL

• • •

Cost NPR 1500/- Per person on twin sharing basis: Cost include: •

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•

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Welcome drinks on arrival.

July-Sept 2006

• • •

• •

Transportation from Kathmandu/Tandi/ Kathmandu. Transfer from Tandi/Green Mansions /Tandi. Welcome drinks on arrival. Two-nights/ Three days accommodation on twin sharing full board basis. National Park fee. Elephant Safari. Canoe ride /Tour to elephant breeding center. Jungle walk escorted by qualified naturalist. Tharu stick dance.

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dLgfn] agfOg\ lhGbuL dLgf sfsL{ % jif{cl3 cd]l®sfsf] dfSj]6{ k'us ] L x'g \ . eQmk'®] l76L dLgf Tof]eGbf cl3 g hxfh r9]sL lyOg\ g t c+uh ]| L efiff g} af]Ng]÷a'‰g] uly{g \ . clxn] pgL ®fd|f; ] u“ c+uh ]| L af]lN5g\ ® gy{g ldlrug o'lgel;{6Laf6 gl;{ª ljifodf l8u|L klg xfl;n u®]sL 5g\ . cfjZostf k®]sfnfO{ ;]jf ug]{ pgsf] nIo ca ;fsf® xf]nfh:tf] 5 . dLgfsf Toxf“l:yt cleefjs eg]sf :ofNnL ® a'; | Snf]h® x'g \ . …d}n] dfSj]6{ sf af®]df :ofNnLsL 5f]®L :eLofaf6 yfxf kfPsf] lyP“ . hf] d]®f] kl®jf®;“u g]kfndf al:yg\Ú– dLgf elG5g\– …xfO{ :s'n k9\g d oxf“ cfPsL, kl5 gy{g ldlrug o'lgel;{6L hfg] df}sf kfP“ .Ú :eLof g]kfnL efiff l;Sg g]kfn cfPsL lyOg\, pgL dLgfsf] 3® g]kfndf a;]sL lyOg\ eg] dLgf kl5 :eLofsf] 3®df a:g k'lug\ . ;'?df t dLgfnfO{ cK7]®f] klg ef]– lsgls pgL yf]®} c+uh ]| L zAb dfq} hfGblyg\ . …gof“ 3®, gof“ vfgf ;'?df t dnfO{ cK7]®f] klg eof]Ú – dLgf elG5g\– cd]l®sf afpGg jifL{o hd{g gful®s pNkm d'xNJofr® ® pgsf !( jifL{o 5f]®f dflyofh ljZj e|d0fsf nflu …l;+un OlGhg Po®qmfkm\6Ú lnP® d] #!, @))^ sf lbg hd{gLsf] a|d] g] af6 lx“8s ] f lyP . ! h'gdf g]kfn cfOk'us ] f pgn] …ofqfÚ k|ltlglw;“u eg]– ^* lbgdf xfdLn] ljZj

cfPkl5 ;fOsn r9\g l;s] + . kf}l8g, jf6® :sL v]Ng ® gfRg klg hfg] + .Ú cyf{t\ gof“ kl®j]zdf pgsf] gof“ lhGbuL ;'? ef] . sfsL{ kl®jf®n] :eLof PSn}nfO{ dfq xf]Og c¿ * cd]l®sL kl®jf®nfO{ klg cfltYotf lbPsf] lyof] . To;}n] dLgfnfO{ lgDTofpg c¿ cd]l®sL klg cfO®xG5g\ dfSj]6{ df . dLgf To;} l;nl;nfdf cd]l®sfsf #) eGbf a9L ®fHosf] e|d0f ul®;s]sL 5g\ . pgsf cd]l®sL ;fyL g} lhl:s“b} eG5g\– Tolt t xfdL cd]l®sLn] g} e|d0f u®]sf 5}gf} + . % jif{kl5 o;kfln u|fh'P;g u®]sf] ;Gbe{df dLgfn] cfkm\gf lktf ®fdxl®nfO{ g]kfnaf6 lemsfPsL 5g\ . pgsf] u|fh'P;g k"®f ePsf] Ps lbgcl3;Dd ut d] % df klg em~eml6nf] Joj:yfsf sf®0f ®fdxl®sf] eL;f nflu;s]sf] lyPg . t® kl5 pgL k'u] cd]l®sf . 5f]®L dLgf cg'jfb ub{lG5g\– ®fdxl®sf] ;+jfb cd]l®sLx¿;“u clxn] . 5f]®L cem} ;fgf]ltgf] hflu® vf]h®] df:6;{ k"®f ug]{ WofpGgdf l5g\ eg] ®fdxl® h'nfO{ bf];f| ] ;ftflt® kms{b+ 5 } g\ . eQmk'® afNsf]6sf] sfsL{

kl®jf®n] cd]l®sLnfO{ nufPsf] u'gsf] kl®0ffd dLgf dfSj]6{ k'us ] L x'g \ . elG5g\– d g]kfnd} uP® gl;{ª k];fdfkm{t ;]jf k'¥ofpg]5 ' . g]kfn cfPsf cd]l®sLnfO{ nufPsf] u'g ® k|bfg u®]sf] cfltYotfsf] kl®0ffd ca dLgfsf] eljio pHHjn ePsf] 5 .

p8fgkl5 g]kfn e|d0f ug]{ nIo lnPsf 5f} + . g]kfn ®fd|f] ®x]5 . 5f]®f dflyofhn] eg]– d ljZj e|d0fdf lg:sg] ;a}eGbf sd pd]®sf] dfG5] x' “ . pgLx¿ 6sL{, b'aO{, kfls:tfg ® ef®t x'b“ } g]kfn cfOk'us ] f lyP . g]kfnkl5 pgLx¿ lghL hxfh …kfOk® lkP $^ dflna'Ú r9]® DofGdf®lt® nfu] . pgLx¿sf] ld;g cui6 % df ;ls“b} 5 . k];fn] l;len OlGhlgo® pNkm bf]xf]¥ofP® elg®x]sf lyP– g]kfn t Hofb} ;'Gb® b]z ®x]5 . p8fg ;s]kl5 d k'gM o; b]zsf] e|d0fdf cfpg]5 ' .

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July-Sept 2006

Sharing Risks... Building Relationships

Underwriter of Worldwide Facultative and Treaty Business Designated Indian Reinsurer

cfkTsfn] /lIfiofld General Insurance Corporation of India Suraksha, 170 J.T. Road, Churchgate, Mumbai: 400 020, India Phone: +|91 22 2282 2029 (Direct), +91 22 2283 3046 (Board) Fascimile: +91 22 2282 2337 Email: swift@gicofindia.com/spkati@gicofindia.com