Yatra Magazine April 2006 | Buddha Air

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With Best Compliments From

K.M. Dastur

REINSURANCE BROKERS PRIVATE LIMITED

Insurance and Reinsurance Specialist Brokerage Services

Regd. Office : Cambata Building 42 Maharshi Karve Road

Mumbai 400 020.

Tel : Fax : E-mail :

91-22-2285 5855 91-22-2204 0085 kmd@kmdastur.com

Mumbai • London • Dubai • Chennai • Hyderabad • Vizag • Bangalore Delhi • Lucknow • Indore • Ahmedabad • Kochi • Baroda • Kolkata

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Why is it the Royal Club Card issued to us is not accepted in most of the list, which you have printed in the yatra magazine? n Shiksha Kedia Old Baneshwore,Kathmandu.

Thank you for drawing my attention for your concern with the discount schemes provided by our discount partners. Yes we are comitted to provide the discount by our affiliated organization, for this we need your cooperation too. Please let me know from which organization you didn't avail the discount schemes.

With ref. to Yatra magazine, as you know it is quarterly magazine.

So may be some outlets name has been published after the expiry date.

Platinum Card holders were promised that they would get over the counter ticket (unto 2 persons per flight) but this has been a

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saying only, why is it so? n Sudhir Khanal Biratnagar.

As far as 2 seats for the platinum member is concern, you are misguided; we never say we will provide 2 seats for the platinum member in each flight. We provide 2 seats for every destination that we fly in first come first basis.

I do not get your point that you mention i. e from the counter. If you mention airport counter, it is false, quota of 2 seats on every destination every day, will be kept in reserve up to 24 hours before the flight time.

The seats are not transferable. Once reserved by a platinum member, the ticket will be issued in his/her name, upon the cancellation or no show, the seat will be allocated to the first passenger on the waiting list.

Thank you very much for putting up your concern.

Why is your hunting line so

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busy when we need tickets? n Megha Raj Regmi Chainpur.

There are frequent complain regarding the hunting line of our reservation . Considering the requirement of our client we have added 4 more hunting lines as well as connected the reservation on line to our sales office at Hattisar and Sinamangal.

Why dont you inform your customers in advance when your flights are rescheduled? n Binay Mani Acharya, Lazimpat, Kathmandu We have always informed the passengers when the flights are rescheduled or delayed in advance.

We recommend the passengers to give their proper contact numbers and reconfirm the return sector at least one day prior to the flight date.

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SOCIAL SERVICE SPECIAL

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'We are encouraged', say farmers n Yatra Team/ Biratnagar

They were recalling the visit of Birendra Bahadur Basnet, managing director of Buddha Air. “Earlier, he visited us, and listened our problems. He even solved our problems, but we want to request the Buddha Air to invest more in CDRC,” they said. #

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arlier, others also came to our place and raised our hopes. But what Buddha Air did to us is different from others, told a group of farmers gathered at a temple in Tankisinbari, to the Yatra team, “Buddha air is a reputed organization and we have pinned our hopes on it.”

According to the farmers, they have benefited from the project to help agro- business under the CDRC, which was started in January 2005 by Buddha Air. The production cost has decreased from the project that is implemented at Tankisinbari and Hattimuda VDC of Morang district.

“I got 125 ton of paddy crop from 4 kg seed,” Navraj Bista, a farmer from Tankisinbari-4, said happily. Definitely, the farmers are satisfied.

“The result is satisfying to us also,” said Lokendra Karki, chief of the CDRC. Currently, there are 14 groups, which include 356 farmers under this project. Women participation is also encouraging, which is at 38 a'4

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Farmers Participated at the Meeting Rajesh Sharma

Bir Bahadur Karki

Narayan Pd. Neupane

Krishna Bdr. K.C.

Balaram K.C.

Rajan KC.

Parvati Neupane

Somraj Kafle

Tirtharaj Ghimire

Bhalakaji Rai

Chandrasaran Neupane

Badri Pd. Timilsina

Basant Khawas

Nawaraj Bista

Laxmi Pd. Acharya

percent. However, only one woman was present during the interaction. “May be, they could not make it due to the house chores,” farmers said. CDRC project has included Janjaati community also.

“This is only the beginning, if it could be continued, we would be able to create more conducive environment,” farmers were saying.

“We are doing well as our crops are better than others,” they were comparing the wheat crop under the project area with others.

Farmers have some weeks ago visited the project area, Tankisinbari and Hattimuda VDCs, in a rentedschool van. Riding through the dusty village trails, they seemed happy.

Showing the dried-whitish paddy crop, CDRC chief Karki suggested them to pluck them. “Please, use your training and pluck such crops to stop them from spreading,” he said. “This is to show you only,” replied the farmers jokingly. However, they have been working hard to set an example, and more importantly they were happy.

They were recalling the visit of Birendra Bahadur Basnet, managing director of Buddha Air. “Earlier, he

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April-July 2006

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visited us, and listened our problems.

He even solved our problems, but we want to request the Buddha Air to invest more in CDRC,” they said.

Meanwhile, the younger generation of the farmers, who are actively involved, wanted Buddha Air to help them in developing alternative crops also. “This project is successful for wheat and paddy crops, but Buddha Air should think of alternative crops also,” they urged, “So, we can get maximum benefit from our small piece of land. Who knows, it might get an international market.”

“Wheat and paddy crops helped our fathers’ generation to live decently, but they are not enough for us at present,” said one youth adding that they need something more and Buddha Air might help them convey the message to the concerned-authorities, who can help. “Buddha Air alone might not be able to do everything for us,” he said.

They desperately wanted at least one scholarship to one of the student from their village on agriculture training. “So that our children can understand local problems regarding agriculture.”

During dry-seasons, the water is scarce, and they wanted someone to help them in solving irrigation problem. “Buddha Air has started a noble deed, we don’t want it to run away, but it can help us in introducing other authorities, who can help us more,” they opined.

One of the youth asked chief Karki secretly, what

more can Buddha Air do to help them.

“I will notify the higher authority,” replied Karki.

The team not only visited the fields, but also visited the Paddy Bank.

The bank has helped farmers to store their produce, until they get right price.

Otherwise they used to sell their crops in lower prices. Farmers can now take loan from the CDRC, keeping paddy as collateral. They can sell the crop when it is expensive and pay back the loan.

The farmers also seemed confident with the new technology. The Paddy Bank has all the modern equipments like an instrument to measure the humidity and scare away rats. The farmers were happy that their paddy crop is safe from rats and humidity.

“We have modern technology, there is nothing to worry about,” said project chief Karki.

The Yatra team asked the farmers various questions like, what change does this program brought in your living standard, what are their expectations, and what are the complaints, if they have any.

Farmers have, however, replied in the similar tone that they have experienced certain changes in their life style but in the small span of time they cannot judge all the outcomes. Meanwhile, they wanted more investment.

“What can we complain about the project that has just began,” they said. s

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'Farmer's voice Guidelines for Us'

What is Buddha Air doing for farmers to fulfill its Social Corporate Responsibility (CSR)?

Buddha Air, to fulfill its commitment to the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), has implemented Smallholder Agribussines Support (SABS) project in Tankinsinwari and Hattimuda VDCs of Morang district since Junary 2005.

What does the project do?

The project is targeted at improving the livelihoods of resourcecrunch farmers by organizing and assisting them in developing agribusiness opportunities. Agriculture extension, Credit, and Cooperative Enterprise Development are three key components of this project. These are facilitating the process of increasing their access to improved seeds, agroâ&#x20AC;&#x201C; inputs, training, credit and market for increasing agricultural output and improve their livelihood. SABS project has also been concentrating on

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SOCIAL SERVICE SPECIAL

developing appropriate and promoting it.

technology

What is the rate of involvement of women and Janajaati community?

Of the Total 356 farmers affiliated to 14 commercial farmer groups under the project, about 38 percent are women. Female farmer, after receiving training, have been engaged in livestock rearing and retail businesses.

More importantly, they are conscious of their rights, and their role in decisionâ&#x20AC;&#x201C; making has increased. From the point of ethnicity, farmers belonging to the Tharu community are the highest in the group, which is about 36 percent.

How are the credit and saving programs going on?

14 farmers groups, formed with the technical support of the project, save small amount of money monthly.

Farmers themselves make the rules on how to save money and how to take loan. The project plays only the role of

a facilitator. The savings of the farmers group has reached Rs 151,024 so far.

Out of the saved amount Rs 128,974 (80%) has been mobilized in various income generation activities. The rate of loan repayment in these groups is 100%. Microâ&#x20AC;&#x201C;credit has decreased the dependency of the farmers on local moneylenders, and on top of that they have been able to mobilize these amounts on income generation activities.

Is there any kind of training and seminars for them?

Answer: Trainings and seminars play an important role in developing local human resource. From the beginning, farmers have been actively participating in planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of the project. The farmers are learning more from doing. Trained farmers share their experiences among themselves.

Technology transfer through trainings has also been

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encouraging and some of the educated youths are also involved in the groups.

What are the result of test of paddy crop and its output?

Answer: Erratic rainfall at the beginning of this season coupled with drought after transplanting has decreased the production (than it was expected.) However, the farmers have been able to achieve significant improvement in the productivity of paddy crop in the project area. Data collected, from 26.1-hectare land of 85 farmers, showed that average productivity of paddy has reached 4.41 ton/hac from average baseline output of 2.1 ton/hac, which is more than the national paddy productivity that is at 2.7 ton/hac. Radha-12 variety of paddy has recorded the highest output at 7.5ton/hac. In comparison to previous years, 14 percent of the farmers have been able to increase almost 100% productivity.

Wide range of paddy yield has been recorded in different domainsupland, medium land and lowland

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SOCIAL SERVICE SPECIAL

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condition and 7.5 ton/hac is the highest yield recorded so far.

Similarly analysis of data obtained from the various trails established by collaborating farmers showed that different new lines — BP1 3-2, or –367 and Barkhe – 2014 – are found giving maximum result.

We have seen many varieties of wheat in a single plot, why it is done so?

Answer: These are the farmer participatory varietal selection (PVS) trials, where different lines developed

by National Wheat Research Program – BL 1887 (Gautam), BL 2067, BL 2217, BL 1968, BL 2064, BL 2047 and BL 1923 – are being tasted, where farmers in assistance with the researcher are playing a major role in identifying most promising varieties. The best performer will be scaled up in the next season.

What is Paddy Banking?

Answer: Paddy Banking is a concept of community owned storage–cum-bank implemented under cooperative enterprise development

scheme of the project. Smallholder farmers can receive collateral free loan at lower percent interest rate for seed, and fertilizer at the time of farming, which they can reimburse in the form of produced paddy to the storage. The paddy thus stored is sold in the market at the time when the prices become high. The profit obtained is again redistributed to the farmers. The farmerowned paddy bank can safeguard the smallholder farmer from both the local moneylenders and intermediaries and they can get higher price of their produce at the right time. After paddy harvesting, 14 farmer groups have, stored about 40 tons of paddy. Similarly, farmers have planned to store about 80 tons of wheat in this season.

What is your reaction on farmers’ sayings?

Answer: We have taken their expectations and suggestions, which are according to our mandate and objectives, positively. And we would also try to implement them according to their wish. s

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DESTINATION

n

Pisa

and the leaning

tower

The Leaning Tower is cylindrical in shape, with eight arcaded stories, and leans about 10° from the vertical Pisa, is a city in central Italy, capital of Pisa Province, in Tuscany (Toscana) Region, on the Arno River, near the Ligurian Sea. The city is a rail and road junction and a tourist and industrial center.

Important manufactures include textiles, machinery, processed foods, pharmaceuticals, and glass.

The principal landmarks of Pisa are grouped in the area of the Piazza del Duomo (Cathedral Square) and include the cathedral, the baptistery, and the bell tower (campanile).

The bell tower is known as the Leaning Tower of Pisa, and is a popular tourist attraction.

Italian physicist Galileo conducted his famous experiments with gravity and the relative speed of falling objects from the top story of the tower.

Construction of the tower began in 1174 but was suspended when the builders became aware that the shallow foundation would be inadequate in the soft soil. The first attempts to counter the lean of the structure were made in 1275, when construction

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resumed. By 1301 six stories were complete, and the tower was finished about 1350 A.D. The Leaning Tower is cylindrical in shape, with eight arcaded stories, and leans about 10° (about 16 feet) from the vertical. The bell chamber, somewhat smaller in diameter, surmounts six additional levels of open galleries,

consisting of round arches supported on columns. Although the tower's ancient bells remain in place, they are no longer rung. A 294-step spiral staircase that leads to the bell chamber occupies the interior of the tower. The exterior is adorned with fine multicolored marbles and excellent carved work. The doorway, which is especially ornate, features grotesque carvings of animals.

At its summit, the structure tilts about 5 m (16 ft) from the vertical, and the lean is said to be increasing at a rate of about 1 mm (about 1/25 of an inch) per year.

The tower had to be closed to visitors beginning in 1990 because of concerns that it was structurally unstable. Work to make the tower's foundation more secure was undertaken in 1992.

There have been several efforts over the last century to correct the tower's tilt, but none have proven successful. However, efforts are still being made. s

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ORIGIN

n

Money Matters F

rom the beginning, money has shaped human society. Regarded as a keystone of modern economic life, money is a medium of exchange that is widely accepted in payment for goods and services and in settlement of debts. It also serves as a standard of value for measuring the relative worth of different goods and services.

When did humans first arrive at the concept of money? What conditions spawned it? And how did it affect the ancient societies that created it?

Until recently, researchers thought they had the answers. It was widely believed that money was born as coins along the coasts of the Mediterranean in the seventh or sixth century B.C. However, with evidence accumulated from sources like ancient temple paintings, clay tablets, and buried hoards of uncoined metals, researchers have revealed far more ancient money: silver scraps and bits of gold, massive rings and gleaming ingots.

The earliest known use of money occurred in one of the world's oldest cities in Mesopotamia, the fertile plain created by the Tigris and Euphrates rivers around 2500 B.C. The use of money brought about an explosion replacing the barter system, in which one good was exchanged for another. In a barter economy a barley farmer, for example, could only acquire those goods that people were willing to trade for barley. With money, people could easily purchase exactly what they wanted or needed, thus avoiding the time and effort that would be required to find someone who could make an acceptable trade.

As money evolved in Bronze Age civilizations along the Mediterranean

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coast, it fostered sea trade, built lucrative cottage industries, and underlay an accumulation of wealth.

Ancient texts show that almost from its first recorded appearance in the ancient Near East, money preoccupied estate owners and scribes, water carriers and slaves. In Mesopotamia, as early as 3000 B.C., scribes devised pictographs suitable for recording simple lists of concrete objects, such as grain consignments. Five hundred years later, the pictographs had evolved into a more flexible system of writing, a partially syllabic script known as cuneiform that was capable of recording the contemporary language. Scribes could write down everything from kingly edicts to proverbs, epics to hymns, private family letters to merchants' contracts.

Researchers reveal that in these texts, they talk about wealth and gold and silver all the time.

In late-nineteenth-century collectors unearthed tablets almost 3, 700 years old, from Sippar's ruins along the Euphrates River in what is now Iraq. Like similar tablets, it hinted at an ancient and mysterious Near Eastern currency, in the form of silver rings, that started circulating two millennia before the world's first coins were struck.

Early Forms of Money Before paper and coins were introduced as permanent forms of money; people used a variety of other objects to serve as money for trading goods. Examples of early forms of money, include rice (China), dogsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; teeth (Papua New Guinea), small tools (China), quartz pebbles (Ghana), gambling counters (Hong Kong), cowrie shells (India), metal disks (Tibet), and limestone disks (Yap Island). s

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ART

n

Bonsai The Millennia-old art form

A

n indoor gardening project, Bonsai is a work of art, which many take as a hobby. In Japanese, bonsai can be literally translated as 'tray planting' but it has developed into a whole new form since its origin in Asia. It is the art of dwarfing trees or plants and developing them into a unique and appealing shape by growing and pruning them in containers according to prescribed techniques. In fact, it allows a greater understanding and being with nature and also a way to enhance our gardens.

Now popular in the Western World, this enjoyable and rewarding pastime has been much sought after, and has gained a magnificently diverse range of plant material and techniques.

Bonsai are ordinary trees or plants, not special hybrid dwarfs.

They are kept small and trained by pruning branches and roots, by periodic repotting, by pinching off new growth, and by wiring the branches

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and trunk so that they grow into the desired shape. From then on, the image is maintained and improved by constant pruning and trimming.

Small leafed varieties are most suitable, but essentially any plant can be used, regardless of the size it can actually grow up to. Grown in shallow trays or special containers, bonsai are primarily kept outdoors with the exception of some plants suited, trained and grown indoors. They can be developed from seeds, cuttings or from young trees.

Most bonsai range in height from 5 centimeter to 1 meter.

The two basic styles of bonsai are the classic (koten) and the informal or 'comic' (bunjin). In the former, the trunk of the tree is wider at the base and tapers off towards the top; it is just the opposite in the 'bunjin', a style more difficult to master.

Bonsai first appeared in China over a thousand years ago on a very basic scale, known as pun-sai, where it was the practice of growing single specimen trees in pots.

These early specimens

displayed sparse foliage and rugged, gnarled trunks, which often looked like animals, dragons and birds.

With Japan's adoption of many cultural trademarks of China - bonsai was also taken up, introduced to Japan during the Kamakura period (1185 - 1333) by means of Zen Buddhism - which at the time was rapidly spreading around Asia. Once bonsai was introduced to Japan, the art was refined to an extent not yet approached in China. Over time, the simple trees became a symbol of prestige and honour.

For the Japanese, bonsai represents a fusion of strong ancient beliefs with the Eastern philosophies of the harmony between man, the soul and nature. They believe that bonsai with its container and soil, physically independent of the earth since its roots are not planted in it, is a separate entity, yet part of nature.

This is what is meant by the expression "heaven and earth in one container". A

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bonsai tree should always be positioned off-center in its container as the center point is symbolically where heaven and earth meet, and nothing should occupy this place. Another aesthetic principle is the triangular pattern necessary for visual balance and for expression of the relationship shared by a universal principle, the artist and the tree itself.

Tradition holds that three basic virtues are necessary to create a bonsai: shinzen-bi standing for truth, goodness and beauty.

In the mid-19th century, after more than 230 years of global isolation, Japan opened itself up to the rest of the world. Word soon spread from travelers who visited Japan of the miniature trees in ceramic containers, which mimicked aged, mature, tall trees in nature. Further exhibitions in London, Vienna and Paris in the latter part of the century especially the Paris World Exhibition in 1900 opened the world's eyes up to bonsai.

Several basic styles were adopted, and artists made use of wire, bamboo skewers and a'4

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ART

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growing techniques to do this - allowing the art to evolve even further. Different plants were now being used to cater for worldwide climates and to produce neater foliage and more suitable growth habits.

The Japanese tend to focus on using native species for their bonsai - namely pines, azaleas and maples (regarded as the traditional bonsai plants). The evolution of bonsai over the past two centuries is truly amazing.

It is constantly changing and reaching

even greater heights, representative of how small the world is really getting.

Although famous theologians have claimed that it is actually 90% art to a meager 10% of horticulture, it has to be said that a successful bonsai is most definitely a horticultural masterpiece.

Given proper care, bonsai can live for hundreds of years, with prized specimens being passed from generation to generation. It is a commitment that requires a great amount of time, patience, skill and endurance. s

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WALT DISNEY

n

The World of

Walt Disney

In 1923 Disney began to produce animated motion pictures in Hollywood, California, in partnership with his brother Roy O. Disney. From 1926 to 1928 Disney produced a cartoon series, Oswald the Rabbit, for Universal Pictures.

“I

magination: if you can dream it, you can do it.”

This is what Walt Disney or Walter Elias Disney, American cartoon artist and producer of animated films said and lived up to throughout his life. Born in 1901 A.D in Chicago, Illinois, Walt Disney created a unique imaginary world of cartoons that have enticed children of many generations. Although he left school at the age of 16, the love of art and color made him study art for a short period at art schools in Chicago and in Kansas City, Missouri.

Although many animation techniques have been used through the years with critical and commercial success, the Disney style of cel animation, known as full animation, which has constant movement and a high ratio of drawings per second of film, has had the strongest influence worldwide.

In 1923 Disney began to produce animated motion pictures in Hollywood, California, in partnership with his brother Roy O. Disney. From 1926 to 1928 Disney produced a cartoon series, Oswald the Rabbit, for Universal Pictures.

Steamboat Willie (1928), produced by Disney’s own company, featured synchronized sound for the first time in an animated cartoon.

The cartoon starred Disney’s most popular and enduring cartoon character, Mickey Mouse, who had been introduced in another cartoon, Plane Crazy, earlier that same year. Disney’s Silly Symphony series was inaugurated with Skeleton Dance (1929). Disney originated the feature-length cartoon with Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937) and

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followed it with other featurelength films, such as Pinocchio (1940), Fantasia (1941), and Bambi (1942).

In the 1950s and 1960s Walt Disney Productions, Ltd., was one of the major producers of films for theaters and television. As the scope of his enterprises expanded, Disney retained as much artistic control as possible. The company was involved in the publication of books for children and comic strips, most of them featuring characters like Donald Duck and Pluto, the dog. In 1955 Walt Disney Productions, Ltd. opened a huge amusement park called Disneyland in Anaheim, California, featuring historical reconstructions, displays, and rides. Disneyland soon became a famous tourist attraction following which, Disney World opened near Orlando, Florida, in 1971.

In addition to cartoons, the company made several documentary films, including The Living Desert (1953) and Secrets of Life (1956). Beginning in 1950 the company made live-action films as Treasure Island (1950), Robin Hood (1951), The Shaggy Dog (1959), The Absent-Minded Professor (1961), and Mary Poppins (1964). Animated features of this period included Peter Pan (1953) and The Sword in the Stone (1963).

Disney’s company was also responsible for the television series Davy Crockett, The Mickey Mouse Club, and Walt Disney’s Wonderful World of Color. During his career as a filmmaker Disney received 26 Academy Awards.

Walt Disney died in 1966 A.D. at the age of 65. s

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LIFESTYLE TIPS

1. Coping with fear and anxiety about war, terrorism and other public threats. If you're worried about unknown danger, turn it into something known. Educate yourself on the current situation and recommendations from the government and public health authorities. Make reasonable plans to take safety precautions, then think about something else. Leave the television and radio off if they're only increasing your anxiety. Get involved in activities that are familiar and rewarding, such as hobbies, gardening, cleaning , playing an outdoor sport or going to the cinema. Talk to your friends and family. Plan a weekend getaway. Don't drink or smoke to compensate for anxiety, as ultimately it doesn't really make stress go away and can damage your health.

2. Try writing out your stress.If you are under stress or recovering from a traumatic event, keeping a diary helps. Students were told to write of their experiences at college for 20 minutes three times per week, but half were instructed to write about their deepest feelings and tie them together at the end of the diary entry. The other half simply wrote of their day and what they could do better.

After testing, the first group of students was found to have better memory and fewer problems with intrusive, negative thoughts about stressful events.

3. When both partners are stressed learn to recognize the signs of stress in each other. Don't take everything that either of you say or do too seriously. Use good-natured humour to relieve the tension. Avoid criticism or negativity. Be flexible. Gentle touching, a mutual foot rub, massage or baths are all likely to help. Plan a strategy for the week, with both of you sharing the load. Be realistic about what you can accomplish and set priorities. Give each other opportunities to talk, and for quiet time get enough sleep.

4. Reduce stress at work get enough sleep, exercise regularly and eat nutritional meals to best prepare for coping with work-related stress. Avoid or cut back on alcohol, smoking, caffeine and sugar.

Drink water to stay hydrated. Get to work early

n

and use planning techniques and prioritizing to manage your time. Anticipate that not everything will happen on schedule, and build in buffer time. Look for creative ways to solve problems or work around them rather than simply getting angry. Get to know your co-workers a little better. Get up and walk around periodically if you have a desk job.

5. Help your child cope with stress manage your own stress, as your child is sensitive to your anxiety. Make time to spend with your child one-on-one, in a quiet environment without distractions. Ask your child to talk to you, and even if the conversation doesn't focus on your child's worries or concerns, listen carefully. Spend time in outdoor or indoor activities with your child. Encourage a regular schedule with enough time for sleep and balanced meals.

Teach your child assertiveness and problem-solving techniques to replace too-passive or too-aggressive behavior. Encourage your child to build up a network of friends. Make your home a welcoming place. s

Preventing

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SOCIETY

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Trafficking of Women & Children A serious Threat to Humanity in Nepal n

Country Background Nepal is a landlocked country surrounded by China in the north and India in the south, east and west.

Nepal is largely a Hindu dominated society. Caste system still exists although the law prohibits discrimination on the basis of caste. Marriage is the foundation of the family and inter caste marriages are unusual in rural Nepal. Many of the poor are engaged in subsistence farming. A typical poor farming family consists of 6-7 people and owns half a hectare of land that produces enough to feed a family for 3-6 months. Nepal is one of the least developed countries in the world and is striving to accelerate its socioeconomic development after the onset of the multi party system in 1990. With a per capita income of US$ 210, Nepal

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Monica Rizal Lama

ranks 144th in the United Nations Human Development Index. Out of the total population of 23 million, 37 % exists on less than $1 a day, and this percentage is not expected to improve dramatically since the annual population growth rate is 2.3%. Out of the 23 million population 85% consist of rural population. The national poverty line stands at 42 %.

Women and children face interrelated problems of pervasive poverty.

Nepal reportedly has one of the highest indices of son preference. Most groups assign a secondary status to women. A married woman who does bear a son is often looked down upon and often has no choice but to put up with a cowife. A barren woman is scorned at and in most communities' divorce and remarriage is still not acceptable.

Life Expectancy: Nepal is one of only three countries in the world where the life expectancy for women is lower than that of men (56 years for women versus 59 years for men).

Literacy: While the total literacy of Nepal is 41%, only 35% of females are literate.

Total Population: 23 million and average annual growth rate of 2.3% Rural Population: 85% of the population lives in rural areas and earns their living from farming - although Women's work in the agricultural sector is not considered "productive."

Female workers concentrated sectors: carpet weaving, wool, Spinning, knitting, food processing, textiles, and basket weaving.The average Nepali woman gives birth to six children during her lifetime. a'4

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Background Given the above background of the bleak status of women in Nepal, Trafficking of women and children within the country and across the borders has emerged as a major social, cultural, economic and human rights problem in Nepal. Reportedly, hundreds of thousands of women and children are trafficked across the border and the profits accruing from this trade are alleged to be phenomenal, exceeding the clandestine gains made from other forms of illegal trade. Acute and widespread poverty accompanied by illiteracy exists in the country thus making the children and women very vulnerable to exploitative labor. While most of the data that presently exists in Nepal on trafficking of women and children is far from comprehensive, it has served to highlight the issue and to ensure that trafficking is being given increasing national attention. The recent research conducted by ILO/IPEC states that victims of trafficking could reach as high as 12000 per annum.

Over 200,000 Nepali girls and women work in the flesh trade industry in India - some girls are as young as 10 years old. 12000 women are trafficked annually to India alone.

The difficulty in quantifying the extent of the problem is due, in part, to the clandestine nature of trafficking and, in part, to the lack of consensus on the definition of trafficking. There is however consensus in Nepal and internationally that trafficking is a violation of women and children's rights. The Commission of Human Rights has listed trafficking among the forms of violence against women and as a violation against their human rights and called for its urgent elimination.

The effort to abolish trafficking in Nepal has intensified after the restoration of democracy in 1990. The government has identified trafficking as the priority issue and within the next five years NGOs and CBOs began to address the problem of trafficking and formulated programs to combat the a'4

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SOCIETY

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problem. Various social, economical and cultural programs have been formulated and the International donor community, especially the United Nations has increased the funding of such programs. Many high activity programs have been conducted in the country to combat trafficking and for the repatriation, rescue and rehabilitation of the victims.

Definitions: What is Trafficking?

However, the issue of trafficking always is very debatable and up for discussions. Even after many years of discussion and creation of numerous laws, policies and programs designed to prevent trafficking, there is no international consensus on the definition of trafficking. In the recent years the term trafficking is used as a dynamic concept and is used to incorporate a wide array of activities like recruitment, transport and exploitative labor conditions.

The United Nations Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children defines trafficking as: "The recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt of persons by threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation."

This definition entails: â&#x20AC;˘ That trafficking involves the removal of the person from a familiar environment, but not necessary the crossing of international borders. â&#x20AC;˘ That the consent of the person recruited is irrelevant if there is abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability, fraud or deception â&#x20AC;˘ That it is for the purpose of exploitation.

In Nepal the definition of Trafficking varies between documents.

However the Ministry of Women, Children and Social Welfare in its

Human Trafficking (Control) Act (1986) recognizes any "offence relating to traffic in human beings" as: 1. Buying and selling of human beings with any motive 2. Enslaving anyone, or keeping then as bonded labor 3. Engaging in or instigating others to engage in prostitution 4. To have sexual intercourse with prostitutes 5. Separating minors or insane persons from his/her guardian without the guardian's consent 6. Sexually abusing a minor or instigating anyone to have sex with a minor 7. To force any woman to become pregnant or render her incapable of becoming pregnant against her will, or through inducement 8. To kidnap a person as hostage 9. Become an accomplice in any of the above acts.

In addition the Act also prohibits the operating of a brothel, producing, and distributing pornography.

The recently held summit (November 11, 2002) of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) has formally recognized the existence of the problem of trafficking in the region by signing the SAARC Convention for Preventing and Combating trafficking of women and children for prostitution. This Convention defines trafficking as: "The moving, selling or buying of women and children for prostitution within and outside a country for monetary or other considerations with or without the consent of the person subjected to trafficking".

There are various definitions of trafficking. All the debates regarding the definitions are not able to voice the suffering of the victims and survivors.

It is found absolutely necessary for definitions to recognize the complexity of trafficking as a chain process involving a great number of actors and aspects of coercion. s

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SPORTS

n

Buddha Air Flies High B

uddha Air defeated Doctors' United by 4-2 in the finals of the 2pm Mighty 5 -a-side Football Tournament at the Buddhi Bikash Mandal ground. Earlier, in the semifinals, Buddha Air beat Sita Air by 4-3, and Doctors' United outplayed North Pointers by 3-1.

With the win Buddha Air also bagged Rs: 25,000. Perterson Dongol of the North Pointers was named the best player of the tournament, while Asian Thai foods won the fair play award.

In all, 16 teams from corporate houses took part

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in the tournament, which was organized

by Luniva Events under the sponsorship of 2pm noodles and was supported by World Vision Advertising and Sunfru juice.

The preliminary round matches were played last Saturday, and the remaining matches were held on 25 March. The 16 teams were divided into four pools and the top two teams from all the groups advanced to the quarterfinals.

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FACTS/JOKES

n

SOME INTERESTING FACTS 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Honey is the only food that doesn't spoil.

A snail can sleep for three years.

Elephants are the only animals that can't jump Most lipstick contains fish scales.

Each king in a deck of playing cards represents agreat king from history.

Spades-King David, Clubs -Alexander the Great, Hearts - Charlemagne, Diamonds - Julius Caesar.

6. Michael Jordan gets more money from Nike annuallythan the entire Nike factory workers in Malaysia combined.

7. The most common name in the world is Mohammed 8. The name of all the continents ends with the sameletter that they start with.

9. There are two credit cards for every person in theUnited States.

10. You can't kill yourself by holding your breath 11. TYPE WRITER is the longest word that can be madeusing the letters only on one row of the keyboard.

12. It is impossible to lick your elbow.

13. The "sixth sick sheik's sixth sheep's sick" is said to be the toughest tongue twister in the Englishlanguage.

14. Wearing headphones for just an hour will increasethe bacteria in your ear by 700 times.

15. Like finger prints, everyone's tongue print is different.

16. Women blink nearly twice as much as men!!

17. The cigarette lighter was invented before the match sticks.

Finally....................99% of people who read this will try to lick their elbow.

JOKES As he lay on his deathbed, the man confided to his wife, "I cannot die without telling you the truth. I cheated on you throughout our whole marriage. All those nights when I told you I was working late, I was with other women. And not just one woman either, but I've slept with dozens of them."

His wife looked at him calmly and said, "Why do you think I gave you the poison?" ***** There was a Packers fan with a really crappy seat at Lambeau. Looking with his binoculars, he spotted an empty seat on the 50-yard line.

Thinking to himself "what a waste" he made his way down to the empty seat.

When he arrived at the seat, he asked the man sitting next to it, "Is this seat taken?" The man replied, "This was

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my wife's seat. She passed away. She was a big Packers fan." The other man replied,"I'm so sorry to hear of your loss. May I ask why you didn't give the ticket to a friend or a relative?"

The man replied, "They're all at the funeral." ***** A policeman pulls a man over for speeding and asks him to get out of the car. After looking the man over he says, "Sir, I couldn't help but notice your eyes are bloodshot.

Have you been drinking?"

The man gets really indignant and says, "Officer, I couldn't help but notice your eyes are glazed.

Have you been eating doughnuts?"

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gift VOUCHER Awards Chart Required Mileage Points for Gold Member 1250 1875 3125 5000

Required Mileage Points for Platinum Member 1110 1665 2775 4445

Name of Partners Organization 1 2

Marks Clothing-Dharma Path-New Roas Reebok Show Room - Share Market Complex, Putalisadak

3 4

Amount in Rs. 1,000.00 1,500.00 2,500.00 4,000.00

Reebok Show Room - Durbar Marg Growth - Children Wear - Ranjana Galli, New Road

The following companies will provide special discount to royal members on the presentstion of the ROYALCLUB cards

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Tolta]nf d @! jif{sf] lyP“ . klxnf] n6df !@ hgf 5flgPsf]df bf];f| ] n6df !@ hgf g} yk]® @$ hgf k'¥ofOPsf] lyof] . Tolta]nf kfOn6 l;s]sfdWo] sf]xL stf nfu], sf]xL stf nfu], d;“u} k9]sfdWo] l;g]6 >]i7 t s]xLcl3 ;xfosdGqL klg ePsf lyP . Sofg8fsf] Nofª\nL km\nfO6 :s'ndf xfdLn] sl®a !! dlxgf tflnd lnPsf lyof} + . clxn] t kfOn6 l;Sg #) nfv ?k}of“ hlt rflxG5, Tolta]n} klg !)÷!% nfv vr{ x'GYof] t® xfdL 5fqj[lQ kfP® uPsfn] To;sf] lrGtf ePg . l;8fn] Tof] kl®of]hgfsf nflu Tolta]nf s'n %^ nfv cd]l®sL 8n® ;xof]u u®]sf] lyof] . Nofª\nLdf klxnf] k6s k|lzIfs;d]t a;]® d}n] sl®a !

3G6f hxfh p8fPsf] lyP“ . dfG5]x¿ eG5g\– 8® nfUg'kg] { . t® To:tf] x'Gg . a? a8f] ®f]dfl~rt eOof] . dnfO{ klg To:t} eof] . d}n] klxnf] k6s p8fp“bf sl®a ! 3G6f p8fPsf] lyP“ . k|lzIfs;d]t a;]® @)÷#) 3G6f p8fO;s]kl5 t PSn} klg ;lsG5 . ufx|f] x'Gg . PSn} p8fp“bf w]®} pQ]lht eP® ug'k{ g]{ sfd g} la;]n { f eg]® w]®} 6f9f ghfg xfdLnfO{ lgb]l{ zt ul®Psf] x'GYof] . To;}cg';f® ul®GYof] . tflnd k"®f u®]kl5 !$ clk|n !(*! df sf7df8f}+ kms{gf;fy} d}n] zfxL g]kfn jfo';j] f lguddf hflu® kfP“ . klxnf] p8fg !$ d] !(*! df e®tk'®df u®]sf] lyP“ . Sofg8fdf klg 6\jLgc6® rnfpg g} l;s]sfn] g]kfndf klg ufx|f] ePg . To;df klg k|lzIfs kfOn6;“u} x'Gy] . !(() ;Dd 6\jLgc6®, To;kl5 % jif{ Pe|f] ® !((% b]lv clxn];Dd h]6 p8fp“b} cfPsf] 5' . sltkon] eG5g\– hxfh p8fp“bf af6f] s;®L kQf nufpg], cNdln“bg} < t® To:tf] cNdlng] x'b“ g} . lsgls hxfhdf gfleu];g km]l;lnl6h x'G5 . ;a} yfxf eOxfN5 . slxn]sfxL“ ;'lgG5– kfOn6sf] hLjg t 7]ufg g} x'b“ g} . ;'®Iffsf] sf®0fn] ubf{ k|foM o;f] eGg] ul®G5 . slxn]sfxL“ hxfh b'36{ gf ePsf] ;'Gbf klg To:tf] gx'gk' g]{ s;®L eP5 eg]® cfkm}n “ fO{ kms]®{ x]g{ dg klg nfU5. t® kfOn6x?nfO{ lgoldt tflnd lbof], oGqnfO{ lgoldt ck8]6 ul®®≈of] eg] To:tf] ;d:of pTkGg x'b“ g} . k"0f{¿kd} vt®fd'Qm t s]xL klg x'b“ g} . h:tf] M df]6®;fOsn r9\gr ] flx“ ;'®lIft x'G5 ® < sf®, a;, kfgLhxfh, ®]n ;a} b'36{ gf x'G5g\ . a? ;a}eGbf e®kbf]{ t hxfh g} xf] . t® hxfh b'36{ gf ePdf ldl8ofdf a9L se®]h x'G5 To;}n] To:tf] 7flgPsf] x'g;S5 . x]®f}+ t, xfd|} l5d]sL ef®tdf df]6®;fOsn r9\g] b}lgs sof}+ dfG5] dl®®x]sf x'G5g\, Tof] yfx} x'Gg . t® hxfhsf] xNnLvNnL x'G5 . t® s'g} klg If]q k"0f{¿kdf vt®f d'Qm x'Gg . kfOn6nfO{ ljjfx ug}{ ufx|f] x'G5 ls eGg] k|Zg u®]sf] klg ;'lgG5 . lsgls kfOn6sf] hLjgsf] e® x'Gg eg]® o;f] elgPsf] xf]nf . t® To:tf] xf]Og . d}n] klg kfOn6 ePkl5 lax] u®]sf] x' “ . kl®jf®af6 slxNo} klg k];fsf] sf®0f c;Gt'li6 hgfPsf] kfPsf] 5}g . t® Jofjxfl®s s'®f ubf{ eg] kfOn6sf] lhGbuL slxn]sfxL“ cJofjxfl®s ® cK7]®f]h:tf] dx;'; x'G5 . 5/l5d]sdf

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slxn]sfxL“ ;'lgG5– kfOn6sf] hLjg t 7]ufg g} x'“b}g . ;'/Iffsf] sf/0fn] ubf{ k|foM o;f] eGg] ul/G5 . slxn]sfxL“ hxfh b'3{6gf ePsf] ;'Gbf klg To:tf] gx'g'kg]{ s;/L eP5 eg]/ cfkm}“nfO{ kms]{/ x]g{ dg klg nfU5 . t/ kfOn6x?nfO{ lgoldt tflnd lbof], oGqnfO{ lgoldt ck8]6 ul//x\of] eg] To:tf] ;d:of pTkGg x'“b}g . nfv ?k}of“;Dd klg vfG5g\ ®] . zfg]jflgn] o;af®]df kl®:s[t 9+un] Wofg lbg'kg]{ xf] t® lbPsf] 5}g . w]®} kfOn6 zfg]jflg 5f]8®] clxn] lghL If]qtkm{ nfu]sf 5g\, o:t} xf] eg] ef]ln kfOn6s} cefj x'g ;S5 . t® d eg] al;®x]sf] 5' . $& jif{sf] eP“ %* jif{ geO{ cjsfz eOGg . oxL+ a:g] ls cGt hfg] eGg] s'®fsf] lg0f{o ug{ d v'Nnf 5' . t® zfg]jflgnfO{ g} ;'wfg{ nfluk®f}+ eg]® clxn] d al;®x]sf] 5' . klxnf–klxnf xfdL ef®tsf kfOn6n] w]®} tna vfG5g\ eg]® t'ngf uYof}+{ t® @)$^ ;fnkl5 lghL ljdfg sDkgLn] lbPsf] cfsif{s tna ;'ljwf;“u t'ngf ubf{ zfg]jflgdf Hofb} sd ePsf] kfp“5f} + . t® h] h:tf] eP klg kfOn6sf] hflu®af6 lhGbuL eg] rn]sf] 5 . >LdtL ® b'O{ 5f]®fdWo] !) sIffdf kl9®x]sf] h]7f] 5f]®f] klg kfOn6 l;S5' eG5 . s] ug]{ eg]® lg0f{o ul®;s]sf] 5}g . kfOn6 k9\g lgs} dx“uf] 5, x]®f}+ s] x'G5 < zfg]jflgsf] s'®f ubf{ Ps lx;fan] kfOn6sf nflu etL{sG] b| cyf{t\ tflnd s]Gb|h:tf] klg ePsf] 5 . oxf“ tflnd lng] clg cGoq hfg] . o:tf lx;fan] emg\ 3f6f x'G5 . zfg]jflgsf] s'®f dfq} xf]Og ;+:s[lt ko{6g tyf gful®s p8\8og dGqfnon] g} p8\8og If]qnfO{ k|0ffnLut 9+un] g} ;'wf® ug'{ cfjZos 5 . k|fljlws s'®f dfq} hfg]® of ;}4flGts of k|zf;lgs s'®f dfq} hfg]® klg of] If]qdf x'b“ g} . of] If]qdf nfUg]n] ;a} s'®fnfO{ ;dfof]hg ug{ ;Sg'k5{ . clg dfq} k|ult x'G5 . gq t cwf]ult dfq} xft nfU5 . x]b{} hfcf}–+ o; If]qdf ;'wfg{ ;®sf®n] s]xL ul®xfNnf ls <s -zfg]jflg ;Da4 SofK6]g lnDa' g]kfn Po/nfoG; kfOn6 P;f]l;P;g -gfkf_sf cWoIf klg x'g_\

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d] / f] ljrf/df /fhf, /fhgLlts kf6L{ / dfcf]jfbL tLgj6} kIf ldNg' k 5{ . o;}dfkm{t ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ ;lsG5 . s'g} klg b'O{ kIf dfq ldn]/ ;d:of ;dfwfg x'b“ g} . tLg} kIf ldNgsf nflu hgtfsf] rfxgf s] 5, Tof] a'em\gk' 5{ . tLg} kIf cf–cfkm\gf] 7fp“df b[9 eP/ a:g] xf]Og ls hgtfsf] zflGtsf] rfxgfnfO{ Wofg lb“b} nlrnf] x'gk' 5{ . clg b]z ljsf;nfO{ ldnglaGb' agfOof] eg] ;a} ldNg] l:ylt x'G5 . ;a}nfO{ /fd|f] x'G5 . ;du|df b]znfO{ g} /fd|f] x'G5 . o;tkm{ ;a}sf] Wofg hfg' h?/L 5 .

‘;+;bLo r'gfjdf hfg'k5{’ n

afns[i0f Gof}kfg], clwjQmf

åGåsf] ;dodf b]znfO{ ldnglaGb' agfP/ cl3 a9\gk' 5{ . ;a}n] cf–cfk\mgf x7 5f]8g\ k' 5{ . b]z /≈of] eg] dfq} clwsf/sf s'/f p7fpg ;lsG5, b]z g} /x]g eg] clwsf/sf] s'/f sxf“ p7fpg] < xfdLsxf“ åGån] slxn] klg /fd|f] u/]sf] 5}g . @))& ;fn, @)!& ;fn / @)$^ ;fnsf] tLg j6} åGådf xfdLn] s]xL g s]xL u'dfpg'k¥of] . clxn]sf] åGådf xfdLn] s]xL klg u'dfpg] l:ylt x'gx' G' g . clxn]s} ;+ljwfg 7Ls 5 . t/ o;nfO{ k|of]u ubf{ q'l6 ePsfn] ;d:of pTkGg ePsf] xf] . ;+ljwfg;ef s]sf nflu eGg] k|Zg plAhPsf] 5 . of] cfjZos s'/f g} xf]Og . a? cfjZos k5{ eg] o;df ;+zf]wg ug{ ;lsG5 . ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg ug]{ / cf–cfkm\gf s'/f /fVg] xf] eg] /fhf kIf, bnx?¿ / dfcf]jfbL ;a} ;+;bLo r'gfjdf hfg'k¥of] . r'gfjs} a]nfdf hgtf;“u cfkm\gf Ph]G8f /fv]/ ;+;b\df k'uL ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg u/] eOxfNof] lg . lsg ;+ljwfg;efdf hfg'k¥of] . lagftof/L ;+ljwfg;efdf hfg] xf] eg] b]z g} g6'lqmPnf eGg ;ls“bg} .

‘;a}sf] cl:tTj :jLsfg'{k5{’ n

8f= ;'/G] b| s];L, Oltxf;ljb\

dfcf] j fbLn] ;+ ; bLo wf/df cfpg clxn] ;xdlt hgfO;s] s f] cj:yf /x] s f] a'4

ofqf

April-July 2006

cfj/0f

n

>L % sf] cfJxfg Kof/f b]zjf;Lx¿, cfh xfdL %^ cf}+ /fli6«o k|hftGq lbj; dgfp“b5 } f}+ . o; cj;/df xfd|f k|ftM :d/0fLo lhHo" a'afHo" /fi6«klt >L % lqe'jg / k|hftGqsf nflu cfkm\gf]] cd"No hLjg pT;u{ ug]{ ;k"tx¿k|lt xflb{s >4f~hln ck{0f ub{5f}+ . k|hftGqsf] cEof;nfO{ ;fy{s / lbuf] agfpg cfkm\gf] k|ltlglw cfkm\g} OR5fcg';f/ 5fGg] hgtfsf] clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg / ;+/If0f x'g} kb{5 . xfn ;DkGg gu/kflnsf:t/sf] r'gfjdf dtkqsf] zlQmdf g]kfnL hgtfsf] lgi7f ;fljt ePsf] 5 . k|lts"n agfpg vf]lhPsf] kl/l:yltdf klg g]kfnL hgtfn] b]vfPsf] ;fx; k|z+;gLo 5 . hgtfsf] b[9tfn] g} of] r'gfjdf k|hftGq ljhoL ePsf] xf] . k|hftGqsf] of] ;kmntfn] lbuf] zflGt / dtbfgaf6 ;a} txsf lgjf{lrt lgsfox¿ :yfkgf ug{ g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ cem} k|fT] ;flxt kf/]sf] 5 . b]zsf] cfjZostf / hgtfsf] rfxgf zflGt / k|hftGq g} xf] . o;sf nflu ax'bnLo k|hftGqdf ljZjf; ug]{x¿sf] alnof] P] S oa4tf b] z n] vf]hs ] f] 5 . zflGt /

k|hftGqdf km]l/ vnn kg]{ cj:yf cfpg glbg] ljlw to ug{ / k|aGw ldnfpg o:tf] P]Soa4tf ca lqmofzLn eOxfNg'k/]sf] 5 . o;/L g} eljiodf klg ;a} txsf k|ltlglw lgsfox¿ lgjf{rgåf/f ;lqmo t'NofP/ k|hftGqnfO{ hLjGt agfpg ;lsG5 . cfd hgtf;“u xfd|f] lgoldt cGtlqm{of eO/x]sf] 5 . zflGt / k|hftGqsf] lxtdf ;a} k|hftGqjfbLx¿;“u ;+jfb ug],{ b]zlxtsf] d"n cfwf/df cufl8sf] af6f] to ug]{ xfd|f] rfxgf xf] . o;}n] cj?4 ePsf] k|hftflGqs k|lqmofnfO{ k"0f{¿kdf zL3| ;lqmo t'Nofpg OR5's bnx¿nfO{ b]zsf] a[xt\ lxtdf cufl8 cfpg xfdL cf≈jfg ub{5f}+ . c¿sf] s' / f ;' g f} + , cfk\ m gf] ] s' / f ;'gfcf},+ dgf]dflnGo x6fcf},+ ;xdlt agfcf},+ ;dembf/L a9fcf}+ / zflGt tyf k|hftGqnfO{ alnof] kf/f}+ . af6f] la/fPsfx¿n] /fi6« j fbsf] uf}/jzfnL k/Dk/fnfO{ cg';/0f u/]/ xTof, lx+;f / ljWj+;sf] s'af6f] 5f8]/ zflGt / ax'bnLo k|hftGqsf] hglxtsf/L km/flsnf] af6f]df cfpg ca l9nf] ug'x{ b“' g} . xfdL g]kfnL hgtfsf] ;jf]Q{ d lxt / ;d'Ggltsf nflu ;+ljwfgsf] kfngf / ;+/If0f ug{ b[9 5f}+ . ljlwsf] zf;gdf dfq} k|hftGq ;'/lIft /xG5 / ;+ljwfg g} ljlwsf] cfwf/ xf] eGg] s'/fsf] ;a}n] ;w}+ x]Ssf /fVg'k5{ . cGtdf, %^ cf}+ /fli6«o k|hftGq lbj;sf] cj;/df lbuf] zflGt / hgtfsf] lxtdf k|hftGqnfO{ lqmofzLn agfpg, ;a} k| h ftGqjfbLx¿aLr ;xdlt / ;dembf/Lsf] r/0f k|f/De ug{ xfdL pTk|l] /t xf]cf}+ . o; k'gLt sfo{df k|hftGq :yfkgfdf Tofu, tk:of / alnbfg ug]{ / b]zsf] cfTd;DdfgnfO{ g} ;jf]k{ /L /fVg] ;k"tx?n] xfdL ;a}nfO{ k|l] /t u?g\ . oxL xfd|f] sfdgf 5 . >L kz'kltgfyn] xfdL ;a}sf] sNof0f u?g\. ho g]kfn .

—>L % af6 kmfu'g &,@)^@ df k|hftGq lbj;sf lbg b]zjf;Lsf gfddf aS;]sf] ;Gb]z h:tfsf] To:t} .

@$

n

cfj/0f

n

bn dfcf]jfbL afx|a'“b] ;dembf/L != cfh b]zdf nf]stGq, zflGt, ;d[l4, ;fdflhs cu|udg tyf :jtGq ;fj{ef}d, g]kfn cfdg]kfnL hgtfsf] k|dv ' rfxgf xf] .

To;sf lglDt k|dv ' afws lg®+sz ' tf xf] eGg] s'®fdf xfdL k"0f{ ;xdt 5f}+ . lg®+sz ' tf cGTo u®]® k"0f{ nf]stGq :yfkgf gu®];Dd b]zdf zflGt, k|ult ® ;d[l4 ;Dej 5}g eGg] xfd|f] :ki6 wf®0ff 5 . To;}n] lg®+sz ' tflj®f]wL ;Dk"0f{ zlQmx¿n] lg®+sz ' tfsf lj?4 cf–cfk\mgf] 7fp“af6 k|xf® s]lGb|t ub}{ b]zJofkL nf]stflGqs cfGbf]ngsf] cf“wLa]x®] L lgdf{0f u®]® lg®+sz ' tfnfO{ cGTo u®L k"0f{ nf]stGq :yfkgf ug]{ ;dembf®L ePsf] 5 . @= cfGbf]ngsf] zlQmn] ;+;b\sf] k'g:yf{kg ug]{ ® To;sf] lg0f{on] clwsf®;DkGg ;j{bnLo ;®sf®, dfcf]jfbL;“u jftf{ ® ;xdltsf cfwf®df ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg u®L k"0f{ nf]stGq :yfkgf u®]® g} b]zdf ljBdfg åGåsf] ;dfwfg ug{ ;lsG5 ® ;fj{ef}d;Qf ® ®fhsLo ;Qf k"0f{¿kn] hgtfdf :yflkt ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] s'®fdf cfGbf]ng®t ;ft ®fhgLlts bnx¿ k"0f{ k|lta4 5g\ . cfGbf]ng®t nf]stflGqs zlQmx¿sf] ®fli6«o ®fhgLlts ;Dd]ng ug]{ ® To;sf] lg0f{on] cGtl®d ;®sf® agfO{ ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg u®]® pNn]lvt nIo xfl;n ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ sf] wf®0ff ® k|lta4tf ®x]sf] 5 . of] k|lqmofut sfo{;r " Lsf] ljifodf cfGbf]ng®t ;ft ®fhgLlts bn ® g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ aLrdf ;+jfb rnfp“b} hfg] ® ;femf ;xdltsf] vf]hL ug]{ ;dembf®L ag]sf] 5 . pQm nIo xfl;n ug{ hgcfGbf]ngsf] zlQm g} Ps dfq ljsNk xf] eGg]] s'®fdf ;dembf®L ePsf] 5 . #= b]zn] cfh ;z:q åGåsf] ;sf®fTds ;dfwfgsf ;fy :yfoL zflGt :yfkgfsf] dfu u®]sf] 5 . To;}n] xfdL lg®+sz ' tfsf] cGTo ® pQm k|lqmofut cfwf®df cfpg] ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg ® k"0f{ nf]stGq :yfkgfsf] cu|ufdL ®fhgLlts lgsf;åf®f b]zdf ljBdfg ;z:q åGåsf] cGTo u®L :yfoL zflGt :yfkgf ug{ b[9 ;+slNkt 5f} + . o; k|lqmofåf®f zflGtk"0f{ gof“ ®fhgLlts wf®df cl3 a9\g g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ k|lta4tf JoQm ub{5 . o;} ;Gbe{df lg®+sz ' tfsf] cGTokl5 x'g] ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] qmddf dfcf]jfbL ;z:q zlQm ® zfxL ;]gfnfO{ ;+oQ' m ®fi6«;3+ jf e®kbf]{ cGt®f{li6«o ;'kl®j]If0fdf ®fVg], lgjf{rgnfO{ :jtGq ® lgikIf 9+un] ;DkGg ug]{ ® lgjf{rgsf] kl®0ffdnfO{ :jLsfg]{ ;dembf®L ePsf] 5 . jftf{ k|lqmofdf ;d]t e®kbf]{ cGt®f{li6«o ;d'bfosf] ;+nUgtfnfO{ xfdL ck]Iff ub{5f} +{ . $= k|lt:kwf{Tds ax'bnLo zf;g k|0ffnL, gful®s :jtGqtf, dfgjclwsf®, sfg'gL ®fHosf] cjwf®0ff, df}lns xs cflb nf]stflGqs d"No dfGotfk|lt g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ n] cfkmgf] k|lta4tf k|:6tfsf ;fy ;+:yfut 9+un] ;fj{hlgs ub}{ tbg'¿k cfkm\gf ultljlwx¿ cl3 a9fpg] k|lta4tf JoQm u®]sf] 5 . %= g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ n] ;z:q åGåsf] qmddf lj:yflkt x'g k'us ] f cGo nf]stflGqs kf6L{sf g]tf, sfo{stf{ ® hgtfnfO{ oyf: yfgdf kms]®{ ;;Ddfg a;f]af; ug],{ pgLx¿sf] cGofok"0f{ tl®sfaf6 sAhf ul®Psf 3®hUuf ;Dklt lkmtf{ ug]{ ® pgLx¿nfO{ lgjf{w 9+un]

@%

®fhgLlts ultljlw ug{ kfpg] jftfj®0f tof® ug]{ k|lta4tf JoQm u®]sf] 5 . ^= ljutsf uNtL sdhf]®Lx¿sf] cfTd;dLIff ® cfTdcfnf]rgf ub}{ eljiodf uNtL sdhf]®L x'g glbg g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ n] k|lta4tf JoQm u®]sf] 5 . &= ®fhgLlts bnx¿n] ljutdf ;+;b\ ® ;®sf®df 5“bf ePsf uNtL sdhf]®Lk|lt cfTd;dLIff ub}{ ca To:tf uNtL sdhf]®L gbf]xf]¥ofpg] k|lta4tf JoQm ePsf] 5 . *= zflGt k|lqmofnfO{ cl3 a9fpg] ;Gbe{df dfgjclwsf®sf] d"No dfGotfx¿nfO{ k"0f{ ;Ddfg ug]{ ® ltgsf cfwf®df cl3 a9\g] tyf k|; ] :jtGqtfsf] ;Ddfg ug]{ s'®f k|lta4tf ul®Psf] 5 . (= hgtf ® cGt®f{li6«o ;d'bfonfO{ e|d lbg] tyf lg®+sz ' ® cj}wflgs zf;gnfO{ j}wflgstf k|bfg ug]{ s'lT;t p2]Zosf nflu cl3 ;fl®Psf] gu®kflnsfsf] lgjf{rgsf] 3f]if0ff ® ;+;b\ lgjf{rgsf] rrf{ Pp6f sk6k"0f{ rfn ePsfn] To;nfO{ cf–cfk\mgf]] 9+un] ;lqmo alxisf® ug]{ 3f]if0ff ub}{ To:tf] lgjf{rgnfO{ c;kmn agfpg cfdhgtfnfO{ cf≈jfg ul®Psf] 5 . !)= hgtf ® ltgsf k|ltlglw ®fhgLlts bnx¿ g} ®fli6«otfsf jf: tljs kx®]bf® x'g \ . To;}n] b]zsf] :jflwgtf, ;fj{ef}ldstf ® ef}uf]lns cv08tfsf] ®Iff ® ®fli6«o Pstfk|lt xfdL k"0f{¿kn] k|lta4 5f} + . zflGtk"0f{ ;xcl:tTjsf l;4fGtsf cfwf®df ;+;f®sf ;a} d'ns ' x¿;“u d}qL ;DaGw ® l5d]sL d'ns ' x¿ vf;u®L ef®t ® rLg;“u c;n l5d]sLsf] ;DaGw sfod ®fVg' xfdL ;a}sf] ;femf st{Jo xf] . k®Gt' cfkm\gf] lg®+sz ' ® cj}wflgs zf;g l6sfpg ® b]zeQm hgtfnfO{ e|d lbg ®fhf ® ®fhfjfbLx¿n] d08n] ®fi6«jfbsf] xf}jf v8f ug]{ ® ®fhgLlts bnx¿sf] b]zelQmdfly k|Zglr≈g v8f ug]{ h'g ldYof k|of; ul®®x]sf 5g\ To;af6 ;ts{ ®xg xfdL ;Dk"0f{ b]zeQm hg;d'bfonfO{ cfu|x u5f}+{ ® cGt®f{li6«o zlQmx¿ ® hg;d'bfonfO{ g]kfnsf] lg®+sz ' tf lj®f]wL nf]stflGqs cfGbf]ngnfO{ x®tx®n] ;fy lbg clkn u5f} +{ . !!= nf]stGq zflGt, ;d[l4, cu|ufdL ;fdflhs kl®jt{g tyf b]zsf] :jtGqtf, ;fj{ef}ldstf ® :jfledfgnfO{ s]Gb|df ®fv]® ePsf xfd|f oL ;dembf®Lsf cfwf®df ;~rflnt x'g] zflGtk"0f{ hgcfGbf]ngdf ;lqmo ;xeflutf hgfO{ cfGbf]ngnfO{ ;kmn agfpg xfdL gful®s ;dfh, k];fut ;d'bfo, hgjuL{o ;+3;+u7gx¿ ;a} hflt ® If]qsf hgtf, kqsf® hut\, a'l4hLjLx¿ ® cfdg]kfnL hg;d'bfodf xflb{s cf≈jfg u5f} +{ . !@= ljutdf bnx¿aLr ePsf cg'ko'Qm Jojxf®x¿sf] ;Gbe{df bn ljz]ifn] cfklQ hgfPsf ® 5fglagsf] dfu u®]sf 36gfx¿sf] ;DaGwdf 5fglag ug]{ ® bf]ifL kfOPdf bf]ifLnfO{ sf®afxL u®L ;fj{hlgs ¿kdf hfgsf®L u®fpg] ;femf k|lta4tf JoQm ePsf] 5 . ca pk|fGt bnx¿aLr ;d:of ;DkGg eP ;DalGwt tx jf g]tT[ j txdf 5nkmn u®]® ;+jfbsf] dfWodaf6 ;d:ofx¿sf] ;dfwfg ug]{ ;dembf®L ePsf] 5 . s -bn dfc]jfbLaLr d+;L/ & ,@)^@ df ePsf] ;dembf/Lsf] ;+kflbt c+z_ a'4

ofqf

April-July 2006

n

5 . ;+;bLo bn / dfcf]jfbLx¿n] ;+ljwfg;efdf hfg'k5{ eGg] s'/f p7fPsf 5g\ . Tof] s'/f ;+:yfkg kIfnfO{ dfGo eO/x]sf] 5}g . t/ ca s'g} g s'g} ldnglaGb'df cfpg' h?/L eO;s]sf] 5 . ;+ljwfg;efaf6 ;lqmo /fhtGqsf] kIfdf lg0f{o uof] eg] Tof] ;+;b\jfbL bnn] gdfGg] x'g ;S5 . dfcf]jfbLnfO{ klg Tof] lg0f{o cdfGo x'g ;S5 . t/ pgLx¿ Tof] dfGg] eg]/ cfO/x]sf 5g\ . To;}n] ;+:yfkg kIfn] klg pko'Qm af6f] s] xf] Tof] k|:tfj ug'{k5{ . clxn]sf] cj:yf eg]sf] s;}n] 5gf]6 u/]sf] ljifo x'g]eGbf klg zlQm–;Gt'ngn] h] eG5 Tof] ug]{ ;do xf] . To;df dfcf]jfbLn] cfkm\gf] OR5f TofUg'kg]{ x'g ;S5, bnn] TofUg'kg]{ x'g ;S5 / ;+:yfkg kIfn] klg qm; ug'k{ g]{ l:ylt x'g ;S5 . ;a}nfO{ ldNg] laGb' klxNofpgsf nflu ;+jfbdfkm{t kxn ug'{ h?/L 5 . cfkm\gf] OR5feGbf klg ;a}nfO{ ;d]6g\ ] laGb' klxNofpg ;a} nfUg'k5{ . ;a}sf] cl:tTjnfO{ Wofg lbg'k5{ .

‘Pscsf{nfO{ ufnL xf]Og ;xdlt vf]Hg'k5{’ n

k|ltef /f0ff, dlxnf g]t,[ /fk|kf

;Qfdf /xg] kIfn] ;d: of ;dfwfgsf nflu ljz]if kxn ug' { k 5{ . s;} n ] klg s;}nfO{ ufnL u/]/ ;d: of ;dfwfg x'b“ g} . ;a} ;+j}wflgs zlQm ldn]/ ljb|f]xL dfcf]jfbLnfO{ /fhgLlts d"nwf/df Nofpg kxn ug'{k5{ . o;f] ePg eg] d'ns ' df cem g/fd|f] lbg cfpg ;S5 . ca ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu ;a} kIfaf6 kxn ug'{kg]{ a]nf eO;s]sf] 5 . bn–dfcf]jfbL ;dembf/Ln] dfcf] j fbLnfO{ klg /fhgLlts d"nwf/df Nofpg d2t u/]sf] 5 . s]xL sdL–sdhf]/L 5g\ eg] To;nfO{ ;RofP/ ;sf/fTds ¿kdf lnOg'k5{ . Psn] csf{nfO{ ufnL ug] {e Gbf klg ;sf/fTds kIftkm{ Wofg lbO{ d]nldnfksf] jftfj/0f agfOg'k5{ . a'4

ofqf

April-July 2006

cfj/0f

‘b]z :jfy{ agfpg'k5{’ n

8f= d~h' ld>,lk|lG;kn sn]h ckm hgf{lnHd

/fhf, ;a} bnsf k|ltlglw / dfcf] j fbLaLrsf] lqsf]0ffTds w' | j Ls/0fsf] of] cj:yfdf oL tLg ;d"xn] dfq} ca ;dfwfg lgsfNg ;Sb}gg\ . lsgls b'O{ jif{hlt ef] xf] n f gful/s ;dfhn] cfkm\ g f] e"ldsf vf]lh/x]sf] 5 . /, Tof] e"ldsf ;d:of ;dfwfgdf sfd klg nfUg ;S5 . o; jf:tljstfnfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ >L % af6 g} ;a}nfO{ jftf{df af]nfpg'k5{ . s]xL jif{otf dfcf]jfbL;“u jftf{ ug]{ k|of;sf] s'/f] klg 6'6]sf] 5 . o;nfO{ d" t { ? k lbg klg ;+ : yfkg kIfn] …Olgl;P;gÚ lng'k5{ . dfcf]jfbLnfO} k]n]/ g} nfg ;lsG5 eGg] e|d /fVg' x'Gg . clxn] s] ufp“, s] ;x/ clw/fHoel/ g} dfcf]jfbLsf] pkl:ylt cg'e"lt eO;s]sf] 5 . o; kl/k|I] fdf lognfO{ ;sfp“5' eGg] eGbf klg ;xdltdf Nofpg'k5{ . ljBdfg åGåsf] ldngljGb'sf] ;f“rf] ;/sf/sf] xftdf 5 . /fhfn] g} Tof] ;f“rf] k|of]u ul/aS;g'k5{ . hf];'s}n] klg ;d:ofnfO{ rsf{pg] eGbf ldnfpg]tkm{ cfkm\gf sfd / cleJolQm s]lGb|t ug'{k5{ cGoyf o;sf] d"No dx“uf] ;fljt x'g]5 . clxn];Dd b]zsf] cl:tTjdf s;}n] wfjf af]Ng ;s]sf 5}gg\ . cfkl; snx rs{b} uof] eg] Tof] lbg gcfpnf eGg ;lsGg . Tof] lbg ;a}sf] bDe sxf“ k'Unf < ;Qf sxf“ k'Unf < zlQm b]vfpg] :yfg sxf“ /xnf < t;y{ oL k|Zgsf pQ/;“u} ;a}n] cfkm\gf] :jfy{ Tofu]/ b]z / hgtfsf gfddf ldngljGb' klxNofpg'k5{ . of] g} pQd pkfo xf] . s;}n] klg 3d08 ug]{ ;do of] xf]Og . 3d08 ePklg b]z / hgtfsf gfddf x'g' k5{ . b]z agfpg] gfddf 3d08 x'g'k5{ g ls laufg]{ gfddf . s

n

s'g b]zsf] ;+ljwfg s;/L < cd]l/sf – cd]l/sfsf] ;+ljwfg lkmnf8]lNkmofsf] :jtGqtf xndf ;g\ !&*& df 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] xf] . hDdf %% hgfsf] ;xeflutfdf agfOPsf] of] ;+ljwfg !&*( b]lv nfu" ul/of] . h;sf nflu ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg ul/Psf] lyPg . oxL ;+ljwfg ljleGg k6s ;+zf]wg x'b“ } clxn] klg sfod /x]sf] 5 . n

rLg ;g\ !($( sf] ;fDojfbL qmflGtkl5 klxnf] k6s ;+ljwfgsf] d:of}bf ;g\ !(%$ sf] dfr{df tof/ ul/of] . h;nfO{ @) ;]K6]Da/ !(%$ df rLgsf] /fli6«o hgsf+u;]| n] cg'df]bg u/L nfu" u¥of] . rLgn] of] ;+ljwfgnfO{ ;g\ !(&% df klxnf] k6s, !(&* df bf];f| ] k6s / cGTodf @! clk|n !(*@ sf] kf“rf}+ dxflwj]zgkl5 nfu" u¥of] . ;g\ !(*@ b]lv k"0f{tM nfu" ePsf] o;} ;+ljwfgcGtu{t rLg cfh ljZjsf] cfly{s dxfzlQm eO/x]sf] 5 . n

ef/t ;+ljwfg;efsf] sf/0f ef/t 6'lqmg k'us ] f] dflgG5 . ef/tLo /fli6«o s+u;]| / d'l:nd nLusf] 6s/fjsf sf/0f ljzfn ef/t 6'lqmg k'Uof] . ( l8;]Da/ !($^ df ;+ljwfg;efsf] pb\3f6g ul/of] / @^ hgj/L !($& df ;+ljwfg nfu" t eof] t/ d'ns ' 6'lqmg k'Uof] . n

?; ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg eof] t/ cS6'a/ ;dfhjfbL qmflGtsf gfos n]lggsf] af]N;]l] es kf6L{ pQm lgjf{rgdf cNkdtdf k¥of] . k]ml/, pQm qmflGtaf6 kmflnPsfx¿s} xfnLd'xfnL x'g] kl/0ffd n]lggn] dfg]gg\ . kl5 d:of}bf ;ldltåf/f ;g\ !(!* / !(@$ df To;sf] ;§fdf cs}{ ;+ljwfg tof/ kfl/of] . n

hd{gL ;g\ !(!( df ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg eof] t/ /fhgLlts cl:y/tfn] ;g\ !($( df cs}{ ;+ljwfg tof/ kfl/of] . n

a]nfot k|hftGqsf] hggL dflgg] a]nfotdf lnlvt ;+ljwfg agfPsf] kfOGg . ;|ft] M OG6/g]6 n

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æ/fi6«kltÆ gcfp“bf hflu/ hf]luof] n

s

w|'jxl/ clwsf/L

lj l;l4r®0f >]i7n] …d]®f] Kof®f] cf]vn9'u+ fÚ eGg] sljtf n]lvlbP® s]xL rrf{df cfP klg d ToxL u'dgfd cf]vn9'u+ fsf] 8f“8fvs{df hlGdPsf] x' “ . d]®f] afNofj:yf ® :s'n] hLjg Tot} laTof] . lktfhL gGbgxl® pkfWofo …cf]vn9'u+ Ú] ;®sf®L hflu®] ePsfn] sf7df8f}+ cfpg] df}sf ldNof] . cfP® Tolta]nfsf] g]kfn g];gn sn]h clxn]sf] z+s®b]jdf k9\g yfn] + . lktfhL ®f0ffsfnd} cDdnsf af®]df a]nf–a]nfdf uf]vf{kqdf ;DkfbsnfO{ lr7L n]Vg'xG' Yof] . n]vk9sf] jftfj®0f 3®d} ePsfn] d}n] klg slxn] cfkm\g} gfddf t slxn] sfNklgs gfddf uf]vf{kqdf ;DkfbsnfO{ lr7L n]Vg yfn] + . c+uh ]| L ;'wf® u®]kl5 …lb ®fOlhª g]kfnÚdf klg ;DkfbsnfO{ lr7L n]Vg yfn] + . To;kl5 dnfO{ kqsf® g} aGg] OR5f knfPsf] lyof] . s;®L ;dfrf® n]Vg ;lsPnf eg]® d k|of;df lyP“ . geGb} d}n] nG8g :s'n ckm hgf{lnHdaf6 kqsfl®tf;DaGwL tflnd lng] cj;® klg kfP“ . Tolta]nf aLaL;L g]kfnL ;]jfdf klg sfd ug]{ df}sf ldNof] . uf]vf{kqdf @)#$ ;fndf hflu®]sf] ¿kdf k|jz ] u®] + . ;®sf®L ;+:yf ePsfn] Tolt w]®} :jtGqtf geP klg k|z:t ;Lk, Ifdtf ® c7f]6 u®]® xfdLn] Toxf“leq klg e®k"® :jtGqtfsf] pkof]u u®]sf lyof} + .

Tolta]nf ® clxn]sf] kqsfl®tfsf] t'ngf ubf{ Tolta]nf rflxg]eGbf a9L g} cg'zfl;t eP® sfd ug'k{ Yof] { . uf]vf{kqdf dfq xf]Og Tolta]nf @÷$ k]hdf lg:sg] …g]kfn 6fOD;Ú, …gjLg va®Ú h:tf b}lgs cvaf® klg lyP . gof“ ;dfh, ;dfhh:tf klqsf klg lyP“ . ltgdf k|sflzt ;fdu|L :jtGqtf pkof]u u®]® n]v ] s ] f] h:tf] b]lvP klg ;du|df tL klg k~rfotL zf;gsf] 7"nf] 3]®fleq} ®x]® sfd ug'k{ g]{ afWotfdf lyP . Tolt a]nf clxn] h:tf] ;+VofTds lx;fan] klg w]®} k|;f®0f ® 5fkfdfWod lyPgg\ . t® clxn] kqsfl®tfn] ;dfhdf kfg{ ;Sg] k|efj :yflkt ePsf] kfOG5 . ljZj;gLotf a9]sf] kfOG5 . sf]xL klg klG5g] l:ylt 5}g . d}n] cl3 klg eg]–+ d cf]vn9'u+ fsf] lk5l8Psf] 7fp“df hGd]sf] dfG5] . uf]vf{kqnfO{ kf7zfnfsf] ¿kdf k|of]u u®]® kl5 Go"of]s{ 6fOD;;Dd n]Vg kfPsf], aLaL;Ldf sfd u®]sf], ®f]o6;{df hflu® vfPsf] ® clxn] klg ljleGg ®fli6« o –cGt®f{ l i6« o ¿kdf ;~rf®dfWoddf sfd ul®®x]sf] eGg kfp“bf

dnfO{ uf}®j nfU5 . lsgls o;df ;dfof]hg ug{ lgs} 7"nf] r'gf}tL klg lyof] t® d}n] ;s],+ To;}n] leq}bl] v ;Gtf]if klg nfU5 . d g]kfn k|; ] OlG:6Ro'6 @)$! ;fndf v'nb] l] v g} To;sf] k|lzIfssf ¿kdf klg sfo{®t 5' . @)^@ h]7df ;f] ;+:yfsf cWoIf uf]sn ' kf]vn ]| ®fli6«o dfgjclwsf® cfof]usf] ;b:o x'ge ' Psfn] Tolta]nf pkfWoIf ®x]sf] d cWoIf ®x“b} cfPsf] 5' . d}n] k|lzIf0fsf] sfd Tof] ;+:yfdf hf®L ®fv]sf] 5' . dnfO{ nfU5– d}n] k9]sf] s'®f cfkm}d“ f dfq ;Lldt eof] eg] s] sfd < c¿nfO{ af“8g\ kfP“ eg] g} dnfO{ ;Gtf]if x'G5 . gq t Tof] d}dfly ef® aGg hfG5 . k|; ] OlG:6Ro'6df k|jz ] ubf{ cu|hsf] k5fl8 nfu]® ®fd|} ul®P5 eGg] clxn] dnfO{ nfu]sf] 5 . OlG:6Ro'6 kqsfl®tf;“u ;DalGwt g} ;+:yf ePsfn] df3 !( kl5 of] klg k|efljt geO®xg ;s]sf] l:ylt 5}g . clxn] :jtGq ;~rf®dfWod rflxG5 eGg]nfO{ k"jf{ux| L eGg vf]lhPsf] 5, o;af®]df w]®} s'®f gu®f} + . t® xfdLn] k|lzIf0fsf] qmddf :jtGq kqsfl®tfsf] s'®f k9fpg] u®]sf 5f} + . ljBfyL{nfO{ klg eG5f}–+ tkfO{x+ ¿n] l;s]sf] s'®f clxn] nfu" gxf]nf . t® kl5 uP® sfd nfU5 . pgLx¿n] l;s]sf] s'®f kl5 uP® la;]®{ v]® hfg] xf] ls o;} eGg ;ls“bg} . kqsfl®tf lhDd]jf® ePg eGg] vfnsf] ® kqsfl®tf ld;g xf] eGg] csf]{ vfnsf] s'®f df3 !( kl5 pl7®x]sf] 5 . kqsfl®tf lg;Gb]x lhDd]jf® aGg'k5{ . t® ld;gsf] s'®f ubf{ clxn] dfq xf]Og klxn]bl] v g} kqsfl®tf ld;g xf] . ld;gdf nfu]sf] kqsfl®tfn] lhDd]jf®LnfO{ pk]Iff ug{ ldNb}g . c;xh kl®l:yltdf emg\ lghL If]qsf ;~rf®dfWod a9L lhDd]jf® aGg'k5{ . sfg'g g} dfGg'xG' g eGg] s'®f klg xf]Og . t® clxn]sf] l:yltsf] s'®f ubf{ lgjf{lrt hgk|ltlglwd"ns ;+;b\ gePsf a]nfdf NofOPsf sfg'g ck|hftflGqs tl®sfn] ag]sf 5g\ . To;}n] k|Zg p7\g' c: jfefljs xf]Og . kqsfl®tfaf6 lhGbuL u'hfg{ jf:tjdf ufx|} 5 . uf]vf{kqdf sfd ubf{ tnaeQf ® cf]e®6fOd ubf{ cnL a9L ®sd kfOP klg d}n] klxnf cg'jfbsf] sfd klg uy] +{ . h:tf] cd]l®sL ;"rgf s]Gb|af6 lg:sg] …:jtGq ljZjÚ eGg] klqsfdf d}n] ljleGg cg'jfb Tolta]nf 5kfp“y ] . k};f kfOGYof] . egf}+ g– lzt pefP® 3}nf eg]Ú{ sfd ul®of] . aflx®L ;~rf® dfWoddf klg oxf“sf] t'ngfdf a9L ®sd kfOG5 . t® :jtGq 9+un] clxn]

klxn]b]lv g} kqsfl®tf ld;g xf] . ld;gdf nfu]sf] kqsfl®tfn] lhDd]jf®LnfO{ pk]Iff ug{ ldNb}g . c;xh kl®l:yltdf emg\ lghL If]qsf ;~rf®dfWod a9L lhDd]jf® aGg'k5{ .

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April-July 2006

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;+:d/0f

sfd ubf{ ® lgoldt cfo;|ft] gx'b“ f ufx|} x'b“ f] ®x]5 . t® cefjdf klg wfGg'k5{ . h:tf] lbg}lkR5] df;'eft vfg]eGbf klg xKtfsf] Ps k6s vfg] u®]df vr{ s6f}tL x'G5 . of] k|;u+ cGo ljifodf klg nfu" x'G5 . o;sf nflu ultn} cEof; cfjZos k5{ . …jfu]l{ gªÚ ubf{ k};f sdfpg ;lsG5 xf]nf t® ;f]emf] lx;fan] k};f sdfpg ;lsg] k];f of] xf]Og . …jfu]l{ gªÚ h:tf unt k|lqmof t h'g;'s} k];fdf w]®yf]® xf]nfg\ g} . d]®f] lhGbuLdf w]®} clj:d®0fLo If0f 5g\ . w]®d} Wo]sf] Pp6f d oxf“ pNn]v ug{ rfxG5' . h:tf] @)$) ;fneGbf kl5 ® @)$^ ;fneGbf cl3sf] s'®f xf] . Tof] k|hftGq lbj;eGbf cl3Nnf] lbg kmfu'g ^ ut]sf] s'®f lyof] . d uf]vf{kqdf sfd uy] +{ . afnd'sG' b b]j kf08] uf]vf{kqsf] ;Dkfbs x'gx' G' Yof] . pxf“n] dnfO{ lgs} k|fyldstf lbg'x'GYof] eGg] nfU5 . lsgls pxf“n] ;DkfbsLosf] d:of}bf agfpg] lhDd]jf®L lbg'xG' Yof] . d}n] cl3 eg] Pp6f kmfu'g ^ ut]sf] ®flt !! ah] sfof{noaf6 cs:dft kmf]g cfof] . ;DkfbsHo"n] ®fhb®af®;DaGwL Pp6f ;dfrf® n]Vg' 5, cfpg'k¥of] eGg'eof] . pxf“n] uf8L klg k7fOlbg'eof] . d uP® ;dfrf® agfP“ . ;f] ;dfrf®sf nflu cfPsf cGo ;®sf®L sd{rf®L uO;s] klg d eg] ®flt @ ah];Dd s]–s] x'b“ f] ®x]5 eg]® x]g{ al;®x] + . ef]lnkN6 k|hftGq lbj; ePsfn] >L % lqe'jg ® k|hftGq;DaGwL ljifoj: t' 5flkg uO®xg' :jfefljs lyof] . Pp6f o:t} ;fdu|Ldf …®fi6«lktf >L % lqe'jgÚ

n

x'gk' g]d{ f …®fi6«klt >L % lqe'jgÚ eGg] kg{ uP5 . k|k' m x]®®] 5fKgsf nflu clGtd tof®L eO®x]sf] a]nfdf d}n] b]v/] Tof] ;Rofpg nufP“ . d cufl8 g} sfd ;s]® lx“8g\ ;Sy] + . t® s] x'b“ f] ®x]5 eg]® x]g{ a: bf 7"nf] sfd nfUof] . ef]lnkN6 ;DkfbsHo"n] 7"nf] sfd u®]sf] eg]® :ofaf;L lbg'eof] . pxf“ eGb} x'gx' G' Yof]– …ltdLn] Tof] g;RofPsf] eP d]®f] hflu® hfGYof] .Ú ;Dkfbssf] hflu® hf]luP klg ;dfrf® x]g{] cGo JolQmx¿ eg] sf®afxLdf k®] Sof® . t® d Tof] k|;u+ slxNo} la;{g ;lSbg . kqsfl®tf cfkm"n] t ul®of] t® kl®jf®sf sf]xL ;b:o Totf gnfUbf of] d]®f] k];f a]jfl®;] x'g] xf] ls eGg] nfu]sf] 5 . x'g t d]®f efO lbg]zxl® clwsf®L uLt, sljtfnufotsf n]vg ljwfdf ;+nUg 5g\ . t® d]®f] dfq} kl®jf®sf] s'®f ubf{ >LdtL clg tLg 5f]®L ® d 5f} + . d]®f] kl®jf®df d dfq} k'?if ;b:o x' “ . 5f]®Lx¿dWo] h]7L 5f]®Ln] cln kqsfl®tflt® rf;f] lblG5g\ . x]®f}+ kl5 nflU5g\ ls < nflugg\ eg] klg b]z g} kl®jf®h:tf] t xf] lg . o; If]qdf c¿n] ®fd|f] k|ult u®] kqsfl®tf ®fd|f; ] u“ ˚:6fof] eg] klg dnfO{ ;Gtf]ifsf] ljifo g} x'g5 ] .

Tolta]nf ® clxn]sf] kqsfl®tfsf] t'ngf ubf{ Tolta]nf rflxg]eGbf a9L g} cg'zfl;t eP® sfd ug'{kYof]{ . uf]vf{kqdf dfq xf]Og Tolta]nf @÷$ k]hdf lg:sg] …g]kfn 6fOD;Ú, …gjLg va®Ú h:tf b}lgs cvaf® klg lyP .

hGd– h'g !(%@, 8f“8fvs{ cf]vn9'u+ f cf]xf]bf– jl®i7 kqsf®, kqsfl®tf;DaGwL lghL If]qsf] klxnf] k|lzIf0f ;+:yf g]kfn k|;] OlG:6Ro'6sf cWoIf . k|sflzt s[lt– kqsfl®tf;DaGwL ljleGg k':ts ® ®fli6«o tyf cGt®f{li6«o ;~rf® dfWoddf lgoldt n]v tyf ®rgf . s

ljrf/ k7fpg cg'/f]w ofq' dxfg'efjx? cfufdL c+sb]lv xfdLn] b]zsf ljleGg efusf k|a4' kf7sx?sf wf/0ffnfO{ ljz]if k|fyldstfsf ;fy k|sfzg ug]{ gLlt lnPsf 5f}+ . xfdLn] tn lbPsf] ljifodf tkfO{+ :ki6 wf/0ff /fVg ;Sg'xG' 5 eg] lnlvt of cfkm} pkl:yt eP/ wf/0ff lbg ;Sg'xG' 5 . ;fydf Ps k|lt t:jL/ klg k7fpg'xf]nf . olb tkfO{+ uf]nd]rdf ;fd]n eP/ oL ljifodf 5nkmn ug{ rfxg'xG' 5 eg] pkTosf aflx/sf dxfg'efjx?sf] xsdf sf7df8f}+ cfpg]hfg] xjfO{ l6s6;d]t a'4 Po/n] pknAw u/fpg] hfgsf/L u/fpg rfxG5+.+} .

5nkmnsf] ljifo l5d]sL ef/t;“usf] g]kfnsf] ;DaGw gof“ kl/k|]Iodf s:tf] x'gk' b{5 < ef/t ljZjs} pbLodfg cfly{s zlQmsf ¿kdf b]vf kl//x]sf] 5 . g]kfn;“u p;sf] v'Nnf l;dfgf /x]sf] 5 . b'O{ b]zaLr laxfbfg x'gb] l] v cGo ;f+:s[lts kIfdfq} ldNbfh'Nbf 5}gg\, Jofkf/, kf/jxg, hn;|ft] , cft+sjfbh:tf k|;u+ ;d]t hf]l8Psf 5g\ . cflv/ g]kfnsf] lxtsf nflu of] ;DaGwnfO{ ablnPsf]

kl/l:yltdf s;/L cufl8 a9fpg] t < csf]{ c+sdf xfdL o;af/]df ljz]if1;“u 5nkmn u/fpg] 5f}+ . lj1 ofq' tyf kf7s dxfg'efjx¿ tkfO{x+ ¿af6 klg o; ljifodf uxlsnf / el/;So ;+lIfKt wf/0ffsf] xfdLn] ck]Iff u/]sf 5f}+ . ;fdu|L k7fp“bf a'4 Po/sf] 7]ufgfdf / cfkm}“ cfpg] eP cfpg'kj" { ;Dks{ u/]/ cfpg'xg' cg'/f]w ub{5f}+ .

a'4 ofqf Dofu]lhg

kf]i6aS; g+= @!^&, a'4 Po/, hfjnfv]n, nlntk'/

a'4

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April-July 2006

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YjLdf s'g} klg b]zsf] ;'®Iff ® ljsf;sf nflu gfk–gS;f clt ;+jb] gzLn ® cTofjZos ljifo xf] . o;sf] ®fli6«o–cGt®f{li6«o ® ef}uf]lns l:ylt;“u 3lgi7 ;DaGw ®xg] x'b“ f o; sfo{nfO{ ct'ngLo sfo{ eGg'df cTo'lQm x'b“ g} . o:tf sfdsf nflu 3'Dg] d]rdfly cGwf] dfG5] agL dft'el" dnfO{ lryf]l®Psf]–sf]tl®Psf]df 6'n6' n ' ' x]b{} a:gfn] d'ns ' sf] ® hgtfsf] sbflk enf] x'b“ g} . k|;u+ emfkf lhNnfsf] s]rgf sjnnfO{ lng ;lsG5 . slxn] g]kfnsf] ;a}eGbf xf]rf] e"ld eg]® k|rf® ubf{ ® xf]rf] e"dLsf] bfaL km]l® wg'iffsf] d';x®lgofsf ;Gbe{df x'b“ f s]rgf 5Ssk®]sL 5g\ . jf:tljstf kQf nufpg]tkm{ s;}n] Wofg glb+bf pgL d'dl{' ®g' n gf/fo0fs[i0f :jfefljs klg nfU5 . emfkf lhNnf;“u of] k+lQmsf®sf] clj:d®0fLo ;Demgf 5 . @)@! ;fndf ;j{ky| d !^ lhNnfdf qmflGtsf®L e"ld;'wf® sfo{qmd nfu" ePsf] l;nl;nfdf cflZjg dlxgfb]lv r}t dlxgf;Dd lsQf gfkLsf sfo{ ;'? u®fOPsf] lyof] . clw®fHodf ;aeGbf pAhgL x'g] 7fp“ g} emfkf lhNnf xf] . d}n] lj=;+= @)@# ;fndf To; If]qdf ;Ldf, b;uhf ;j]I{ f0f u®]sf] lyP“ . gfk–gS;fsdL{sf] gftfn] g'g vfPsf] cfwf®df gfkL l;4fGt, k|s[lt ® ul0ftljk®Lt sfds'®fx¿df 6'n'6'n' x]b}{ a:g' pko'Qm gePsfn] e"ld ;DaGwdf cfkm"nfO{ nfu]sf s'®fx¿ ljleGg lgikIf rf}yf] c+ux¿df˚{t;d]t ;'emfj, u'gf;f ® k|ltlqmofx¿ d}n] n]Vb} cfPsf] 5' . xfdL gful®sx¿n] ;d]t xfQL, u}8+ f, af3 cflbsf lrqx¿ dfq ®fd|f; ] u“ x]g–{ a'‰g hfg]® x'b“ g} . dft[el" dsf] ® cf–cfkmgf] e"ldsf] gfk–gS;fx¿ klg ®fd|f; ] u“ cWoog, dgg, lrGtg ® ljZn]if0f ug{ klg ;Sg'kb{5 . gq 7"nf ;d:ofx¿ cfOkb{5g\ ® cfO®x]sf klg 5g\ . dg'io Ps lbg v®fgL x'G5 eGg] s'®f ;j{ljlbt} 5 . t® clen]v lhp“b} ®xG5– af]n]sf s'®fx¿ xfjfdf ® sfgdf u'lGh®xG5g\ . g]kfnsf] ;a}eGbf xf]rf] e"efu s]rgf sjn xf]Og egL ;k|df0f k]; u®]sfdf klg ;do–;dodf ljjfbx¿ plAh®x] s fn] s] r gf sjn ;DaGwdf jf:tljstf s] xf] < ;®sf® s] eG5 < eGg] lh1f;fdf $^ jif{cufl8 ;d'b| ;txaf6 lnPsf] gfkcg';f® xf]rf] e"efu s]rgf sjn g} xf] ® ;®sf® o;}nfO{ dfGotf lbO®x]sf] 5 eGg] cflwsfl®s wf®0ff ;'lgb} cfPsf] 5 . :j= slj e"lk z]®rgsf]] sljtf …3'Dg] d]rdfly cGwf] dflg;Ú h:tf] cflwsfl®s lgsfoaf6 tYo ljk®Lt pN6f s'®f cfO®x]sf 5g\ . o:t} sfd ® s'®fn] ubf{ g} hgtfsf] qmGbgsf ;fy} gfkLsf] b'uG{ w lbgk|ltlbg a9L, hg cf:yf sd x'b“ } uPsf] cj:yf 5 . sfu, s's®' , dg'io To;} s®fp“bg} g\, clg xfjf gnfuL kft xNnb}g eg]h:t} sf®0fa]u®

rf}yf] c+un] klg To;} 5fKb}gg\ . t;y{ clwsf®k|fKt JolQmx¿ h;n] hgtfn] ;lsg;sL lt®]sf] s®sf] k};fn] hflu® vfPsfn] ulxl®P® cg';Gwfg u®L ;dod} ljjfb lgSof]n { ug'k{ b{5 . ljZjljVoft ;j]{ ckm OlG8ofn] $( jif{cufl8 g} sf]nDaf] KnfgcGtu{t g]kfn clw®fHosf] 6f]kf]uf| lkmsn gS;f l;6x¿ tof® ug{sf nflu g]6js{ lkmhfO 7fp“– 7fp“df lh6LP; ® :k6 xfO6x¿ sfod u®]s} a]nfdf s]rgf sjnsf] prfO ® d';x®lgofsf] pRrfOdf #=% ld6® km®s eO{ d';®x®lgof xf]rf] b]vfO;s]sf] lyof] . ®, >L % sf] ;®sf®, e"=;'= tyf Joj:yf dGqfno, gfkL ljefu ® :yn¿k gfkL dxfzfvfaf6 klg ;g\ cyf{t\ @)%# ;fnlt® k|sflzt gS;fx¿sf] Gx'5]+ k|wfg !((^ :k6 xfO6af6 klg s]rgf sjn g]kfnsf] ;a}eGbf xf]rf] e"efu xf]Og egL 7f]; k|dfl0ft ul®;s]sf] l:ylt oyfy{ xf] . …xf8 gePsf] lha|f] / Hofg gePsf] snd hyfefjL rnfpg' plrt x'b“ g} ,Ú sf®0fa; lrKn]sf] ePdf t'?Gt ;Rofpg' dg'iosf] dxfg st{Jo g} xf], 9fs5f]k ug'{ ck®fw xf] . ca z'4 ug'd{ f s]sf] l9nfO < xfd|f] d'ns ' df e"ldsf] clen]vx¿ bogLo 5g\ . e"ldsf] gfk–gS;f ;DaGwdf hlt klg jfbljjfb em}emu8f ® cfnf]rgf cfO®x]sf 5g\, tL ;a}df k|foM h;f] gfkLsdL{x¿s}} sdhf]®L xf] eGbf km®s kb}g{ . gfkL–gS;fsf] sfo{ clt ;+jb] gzLn ® ufx|f] ePsfn] gfkLsdL{nfO{ dof{lbt ® ®fd|f] ;'ljwf lbg'kb{5 eGg] s'®fdf s;}sf] b'Od{ t x'b“ g} . t®, To;sf] OHht cfkm"n] klg ®fVg ;Sg'k5{ . ca cfof] ;u®dfyfsf] prfO 36]sf] af®]df …rLg;“u cflwsfl®stf dfuÚ eGg] k|;u+ sf] . To;df klg g]kfn ;®sf® k|foM df}g ®xg' x'Gg . o:tf] j}1flgs rdTsf®sf] o'udf cfkm}n + ] klg gfkhf“r u®L v08g dG8g ug{ ;s] xfd|f] gfkLsf] OHht ®xG5, df}g ®x]® c¿sf] e®df dfq kg'{ x'b“ g} . ;u®dfyfsf] prfOnfO{ *,*$* ld6® egL dfGotf lbPsf] ® ljZjsf] bf;|f] ;a}eGbf cUnf] lzv/ kfls:tfgsf] s]6'sf] prfO (,^!! ld6® pNn]v ePsfn] km®s @#& ld6® b]lvof] .

To;df s]xL ld6® 36a9 b]lvP tfklg ;u®dfyf ;+;f®sf] ;jf]R{ r lzv® g} x'G5 . t® s]rgf ® d';x®lgofsf] prfO ;df]Rr ®]vfn] xf]Og, :k6 xfO6df km®s #=% ld6® ®x]sf] x'gfn] To;sf] cy{ ;+jb] gzLn x'g cfPsf] 5 . cGtdf gfkLgS;fh:tf] ;+j]bgzLn ljifodf plrt JolQm, plrt 7fp“df x'gk' b{5 . ®fhgLlt 3':g'x'“b}g, gftfjfb ® s[kfjfb x®fp“b} hfg'kb{5 . dft[e"ldsf] clen]v b'?:t x'gk' b{5 . o;df s;};u“ k"jf{ux| ® lglxt :jfy{ x'g' x'b“ g} . ;'sd{ u®L cfkm}“ pbfx®0fLo aGg ;Sg'kb{5, clg dfq b]zsf] ljsf; ® hgtfsf] enf] x'g5 ] .

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Jofkf/sf] ;zQm oxL ;+oGqsf] sf/0f o'/f]k of] If]qnfO{ clwg:y ug]t{ km{ cfslif{t ePsf] xf] . rLg / ef/taLrsf] of] zlQm k'gk|fl{ Ktsf] cy{ klxnfsf] l:ylt cem ;fGble{s x'g ;S5 . ;g\ !(^@ df nbfv If]qdf ePsf] o'4sf sf/0f rLg / ef/tnfO{ zq'jt /fi6«sf ?kdf ;d]t JofVof ug]{ ul/G5 . t/ dlxgf}+ nfdf] o'4kl5 qmdzM cfk;L ljZjf; cfh{g ub}{ cfPsf] dfGg'k5{ . ef/tsf k|yd k|wfgdGqL hjfx/nfn g]x?n] ;g\ !($( df ;a}lt/af6 ckx]lnt a]Olhªsf] qmflGtsf/L ;/sf/nfO{ ;dy{g lbPsf lyP . pgn] klZrdf ;fd|fHojfbLlj?4 k|of]u ug{ sDo'lg:6 dxŒjk"0f{ x'g] Tolta]nf 7fg]sf lyP . To; lsl;dsf] ;dembf/L clxn] klg ef/t / rLgaLr b]Vg ;lsG5 . rLgsf k|wfgdGqL j]g lhjfcf]n] Ps bzssf] cGt/df utjif{ ef/t e|d0f u/]/ o;vfn] ;DaGwsf] ;+st] ul/;s]sf 5g\ . o;kfln ;DejtM cfp“bf] d] dlxgfdf rLgsf /fi6«klt x' lhGtfcf]n] gof“lbNnL e|d0f ug]{ 5g\ / ;dfg'kflts 9+un] ef/tsf k|wfgdGqL 8f= dgdf]xg l;+xn] of] jif{sf] clGtdlt/ a]Olhªsf] e|d0f ug]5 { g\ . ef/tsf /fi6«klt PkLh] cAb'n snfdn] l;+ufk'/df ut km]ac '| /Ldf ePsf] Ps e]nfsf qmddf ef/t–rLgaLr !(^@ sf] o'4sf] 3fp clxn] lgsf] eO;s]sf] atfPsf lyP . b'j} /fi6«n] ;g\ @))^ nfO{ rLg–ef/t d}qL jif{sf ?kdf dgfpg];d]t 3f]if0ff ul/;s]sf 5g\ . b'O{ b]zaLrsf] Jofkf/ / nufgL cfsfz 5'g] ultdf 5 . låkIfLo a'4

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Jofkf/ ;g\ @))% df ljut jif{sf] !*=& ljlnog cd]l/sL 8n/af6 $) k|ltzt j[l4 ePsf] 5 . rLgn] rf“8} ef/tsf] k|dv ' Jofkfl/s ;fem]bf/sf ¿kdf cd]l/sfnfO{ pl5Gg] qmddf 5 . ef/tsf xfO{ 6]s sDkgLx¿ clxn] rLglt/ km}ln+bf] cj:yfdf 5g\ . xfn} ef/tsf] OGkmf]Oh sDkgLn] rLgsf] ;f+3fO{df sfof{no vf]nL emG8} @ ;o :yfgLo OlGhlgo/nfO{ /f]huf/L lbPsf] 5 . lrlgof“ pTkfbsx¿n] ef/tnfO{ cfkm\gf] ultnf] ahf/sf ¿kdf lnO/x]sf 5g\ . /fhgLlts g]tfx¿n] of] s'/f a'em]sf 5g\ . ut hgj/Ldf ;f+3fO{df ;~rf/sdL{;u“ sf] s'/fsfgLdf ef/tsf ljb]z ;lrj Zofd z/0fn] b'j} b]z zflGt / j}ejtfsf nflu /0fgLlts / ;xof]ufTds ;fem]bf/L ug{ tof/ ePsf] atfPsf lyP . s"6gLlts k|of;n] ef/t–rLg o'4sfnLg tLtf]nfO{ k5fl8 5f]8s ] f] 5 . oBlk ljZjsf b'O{ w]/} hg;+Vof ePsf oL d'ns ' n] zlQm / k|efjsf lx;fan] k|lt:kwL{sf ¿kdf x]g{' :jfefljs nfU5 . rLgsf] ;w}+ blIf0fk"jL{ Pl;ofdf cfkm\gf] /0fgLlts rf;f] /x]sf] 5 . zLto'4sf ;dodf of] IF]qsf sDo'lg:6 ljb|Fx] nfO{ p;n] ;xof]u u/]sf] s'/f a]nf–a]nfdf gp7]sf] xf]Og . t/ clxn] To:tf] 5}g . b'O{ /fi6« cfly{s ;DaGw ;'b9[ ug{ nfluk/]sf 5g\ . To;df k|z:t ;Defjgf b]lvP/ g} pgLx¿ otftkm{ nfu]sf x'g\ . To;}n] blIf0f Pl;of If]qsf s'g} /fi6«sf] :jfy{nfO{ lnP/ pgLx¿ ca km]l/ ;DaGw laufg{ pBt\ x'G5g\ eGg] l:ylt 5}g . of] g} e"/fhgLlt oyfy{ xf] . t/ s]xL ;docl3 dfr{ !–# df cd]l/sL /fi6«klt hh{ 8An' a';n] ug'e { Psf] ef/t e|d0fsf qmddf b'O{ b]zaLr ePsf] kf/df0fljs ;Demf}tfn] ;DejtM rLg rgfvf] ePsf] 5 . cd]l/sf–ef/t bf]:tL PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLdf cfly{s / ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] lx;fan] dxTjk"0f{ zlQmtkm{ s]lGb|t ef/t/ rLgsf] ;DaGwsf] oyfy{ a'em]/ g} x'g k'us ] f] dfGg ;lsG5 . zLto'4sfndf k/:k/lj/f]wL v]dfdf /x]sf ef/t–cd]l/sfsf] gof“ u7aGwgn] lgZro klg If]qLo ¿kdf dxŒjk"0f{ k|efj kg]5 { . t/ ljZjsf pbLodfg zlQm rLg / ef/tsf] ;DaGwdf cfufdL lbgdf s:tf k|efj k5{g\ t < . b'as } f] l5d]sL g]kfn, cem blIf0f Pl;ofnL /fi6« / k"jL{ Pl;ofnL /fi6«df s:tf] k|efj k5{ eGg] s'/f b]lvg af“sL 5 . oBlk ef/t–rLg ldqtf of zq'tf / cd]l/sf–ef/t ldqtfn] k|efj eg] o; If]qdf dfq xf]Og ljZjel/ g} k5{, k5{ . oxL bf]:tLs} sf/0f x'g;S5 lrlgof“ :6]6 sfpG;Ln/ tfª lhof ;'jfgn] r}t # b]lv % ;Dd ug'{ ePsf] g]kfn e|d0fsf qmddf klg g]kfnaf/] ef/t;“u ldNbf]hN' bf] s'/f /fVg'ePsf] 5 . csf{tkm{ ef/t–cd]l/sf gof“ u7aGwg rLg ;'k/kfj/ aGg] lbzftkm{ cl3 a9]sf] dx;'; u/fOsf] Pp6f ¿k klg xf] eGbf cGoyf 7xb}g{ .

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To;kl5 hlt k9\b} uOg\, Tolt g} g]kfnL efiffsf af/]df pgsf]] ?lr a9\b} uof] . g]kfnsf af/]df 1fg a9\b} hfg yfn]kl5 g]kfnk|ltsf] dfof klg a9\b} uPsf] pgL atfp“l5g\ . k}lrªdf g]kfnL efiffsf] k9fO ;'? u/fpgdf e"tk"j{ lrlgof“ k|wfgdGqL :juL{o rfp Pg nfO{sf] 7"nf] of]ubfg 5 . g]kfnL s"6gLlt1 lg/~hg e§/fO{nufot g]kfn–rLg d}qL ;+3sf clwsf/Lx¿n] k}lrªdf g} k"j{ k|wfgdGqL rfpnfO{ /]l8of] k}lrªaf6 g]kfn efiffdf sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ cg'/f]w u/]sf lyP . ;f]xL cfu|xadf]lhd k"jk{ w| fgdGqL rfpn] k}lrª ljZjljBfnodf g]kfn efiffsf] cWofkg ;'? ug{ lgb{z ] g lbPsf lyP . k}lrª a|f8] sfl:6ª ljZjljBfnodf klxnf] k6s g]kfnL efiff k9fpgsf nflu s[i0faxfb'/ k|wfg / pxf“sL >LdtL ;'nf]rgf hfg'ePsf] lyof] . k|wfg bDktLn] g} s';d' nufotsf !@ hgf lrlgof“nfO{ sv/fb]lv af]lnrfnLsf efiff l;sfpg'ePsf] lyof] . s]xL ;dokl5 g]kfnL efiffsf] Jofs/0f klg pgLx¿n] l;s] . To;sf] b'O{ jif{kl5 k9fpg hfg'ePsf g]kfnsf ;+:s[ltlab\ ;Todf]xg hf]zLn] g]kfnL Jofs/0fsf] ;“u;“u} cfkm}n] kf7 tof/ kf/]/ k9fpg'ePsf] lyof] . ;f] ljZjljBfnodf xfn;Dd klg g]kfnL efiffsf] cWofkg lg/Gt/¿kdf x'b“ } cfPsf] 5 . o;}qmddf ;g\ !(^* sf] cui6 dlxgfdf lrlgof“ cGt/f{li6«o /]l8of] -tTsfnLg /]l8of] k]lsª_ df g]kfnL ljefusf] :yfkgf eof] . g]kfnL efiff cWoog u/]sf !@ hgf lrlgof“dWo] s';d' lbbL;lxt 5 hgf /]l8of]sf] g]kfnL ljefudf lgo'Qm eP . To;sf] b'O{ jif{kl5 cGo rf/ hgfnfO{ klg g]kfnL ljefudf lgo'Qm ul/of] . ;ft jif{;Ddsf] tof/Lkl5 ;g\ !(&% sf] h'g @% tfl/vdf k}lrªaf6 klxnf] k6s g]kfnL efiffdf sfo{qmd k|;f/0f eof] . klxnf] lbgdf sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{] rf/ hgf ;~rfnsdWo] s';d' lbbL klg Ps lyOg\ . klxnf] lbgsf] sfo{qmd tof/ kfbf{ lgs} tgfj ePsf] If0f pgL slxNo} klg lj;{g ;lSbgg\, elG5g\– …klxnf] k6s dfOssf] cufl8 a:bf k"/} g]kfnLx¿ d]/} cufl8 a;]sf] h:tf] nfUof] / d]/f] xft v'§f k"/} lr;f] ePsf] lyof] . kl5 eg] lj:tf/} afgL kb}{ uof] / :jfefljs¿kdf l;Sb} uP“ .Ú ;'?df pgLx¿nfO{ lrlgof“ efiff g]kfnLdf cg'jfb ug{ lgs} cK7\of/f] k/]sf] lyof] . slxn]sfxL+ t Pp6} zAbsf] cy{ vf]Hg tLg j6f;Dd zAbsf]z kN6fpg'kYof{] . k|foM pgLx¿n] lrlgof“af6 c+uh ]| L / c+uh ]| Laf6 g]kfnLdf cy{ vf]Hy]] . t/ slxn]sfxL+ t lrlgof“–lxGbL zAbsf]z klg kN6fpg'k' Yof]{ .

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April-July 2006

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g]kfndf cfPsL lyOg\ . lstfjdf k9]sf] g]kfn klxnf] k6s cfkm\g} cf“vfn] b]Vg kfpg'sf] pgnfO{ cfkm\g} dhf lyof] . t/ sf7df8f}+ htftt} dlGb/} dlGb/ b]Vbf rflx+ pgnfO{ lgs} cgf}7f] nfUof], h'g pgn] ;f]Rf]sL lyOgg\ . klxnf] k6s g]kfn cfPkl5 emG8} b'O{ jif{;Ddsf nflu ;'g;/L df]/ª l;+rfO cfof]hgfdf bf]efif]sf] ¿kdf ;]jf u/sL lYfOg\ . To;tfsf w]/} g]kfnLsf] dfemdf a;]/ cfkm"n] l;s]sf] efiffnfO{ Jojxf/df ptfg{ kfp“bf pgnfO{ lgs} v';L nfu]sf] lyof] . efiff, ;+Vof / k|;f/0f ;dofjlwsf lx;fan] ljZjs} bf];f| ] 7"nf] /]l8of] :6];g ;Lcf/cfO{sf] g]kfnL ;]jfdf :yfkgfsfnb]lv ;]jf u/]sL s';d' lbbLn] ;g\ !(*& b]lv pkk|dv ' sf] lhDd]jf/L ;Dxflng\ eg] To;sf] tLg jif{kl5 g} g]kfnL ljefusf] k|dv ' ;d]t eOg\ . o;}qmddf pgL ;g\ !((% df lqe'jg ljZjljBfnodf g]kfnL ;flxTo k9\g cfPsL lYfOg\ . pgL Ps hgf ljBfyL{nfO{ g]kfnL efiffsf gf} hgf k|fWofksn] k9fPsf lyP . To;tfsf k9]sf]] g]kfnL ;flxTosf] Oltxf;, g]kfnL sljtf, pvfg 6'Ssf, uB, kBnufotsf ljifodf w]/} 1fg pgn] xfl;n u/]sL 5g\ . ;fy}, s]x] L ;dosf nflu /]l8of] g]kfndf klg cWoog ug]{ df}sf kfOg\ . ;Lcf/cfO{sf] g]kfnL k|;f/0fsf] #) jif{df pgn] ;+jfbbftf, cg'jfbs, ;Dkfbs / k|fljwssf] bIftf xfl;n ul/;s]sL 5g\ . pgn]] rLgsf tTsfnLg k|wfgdGqL rfp Pg nfO{, lrlgof“ /fli6«o hgsf+u; ]| sf :yfoL ;ldltsf e"tk"j{ cWoIf r' t / pkfWoIf sf]df]hf]sf nflu bf]efif]sf] sfd u/]sL lyOg\ . To;}u/L rLg e|d0fdf hfg'ePsf g]kfnsf /fi6«kd| v ' , ;/sf/k|dv ' / pRr kb:y ;/sf/L clwsf/Lx¿sf] cGtjf{tf{;d]t lnPsL lyOg\ . s';d ' lbbL ;Lcf/cfO{ g]kfnL ljefusf] k|dv ' ePb]lv g]kfnL

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>f]tfx¿sf] ;+Vofdf 7"nf] a[l4 ePsf] 5 . :jtM :km"t¿ { kdf >f]tf Sna vf]Ng] qmd a[l4 x'b“ } xfn g]kfn clw/fHoe/L ;Lcf/cfO{sf % ;o %) eGbf a9L >f]tf Sna u7g eO;s]sf 5g\ / of] qmd lg/Gt/¿kdf hf/L g} 5 . oL >f]tf Sna / logLx¿sf] 5ftf ;+u7g ;Lcf/cfO{ >f]tf Snax¿n] g]kfndf g]kfnrLgaLrsf] ldqtfnfO{ k|uf9 kfg{] ljleGg sfo{qmdx¿ cfof]hgf ub{} cfO/x]sf 5g\ . ;g\ @))% df /]l8of]sf] cf}krfl/s hflu/af6 cjsfz kfpg'cl3 pgL] g]kfnL ljefusf] k|dv ' sf] lhDd]jf/Ldf g} lyOg\ . g]kfnL ljefu ;'? ePsf] a]nfb]lv g} cfwf 3G6fsf] sfo{qmd b}lgs b'O{ k6s k|;f/0f x'GYof] eg] xfn of] sfo{qmd b}lgs rf/ 3G6f k|;f/0f x'b“ } cfPsf] 5 . ;g\ @))# sf] l8;]Da/ @& tfl/vb]lv ;Lcf/cfO{n] g]kfnL efiffsf] j]e;fO6 ;~rfng ub{} cfPsf] 5 . ljb]zL e"ldaf6 ljb]zL gful/sn] g]kfnL efiffdf j]e;fO6 ;~rfng u/]sf] of] ;DejtM klxnf] k6s xf] . To;}u/L s]xL jif{bl] v otf g]kfnL ljefun] g]kfnL efiffdf ldt]/L k'n gfds cvjf/ lgoldt¿kn] k|sfzg ul//x]sf] 5 . To;df klg lrlgof“ gful/ssf] dfq of]ubfg 5 . Jofks g]kfnL >f]tfx¿n] ;Lcf/cfO{nfO{ g]kfn–rLgaLrsf] lxdfnonfO{ kf/ ug{] …jfo'kn ' Ú sf] pkdf lbO{ k|z; + f u/]sf 5g\ . pgL elG5g\— …o;sf] cy{ xfd|f] /]l8of]n] g]kfn–rLg ldqtfnfO{ cufl8 a9fpgdf sfd ul//x]sf] 5 .Ú pd]/sf sf/0f g]kfnL ljefuaf6 l/6fo8{ eP tfklg pgn]] s/f/df sfd ul//x]sL 5g\ . cfkm\gf] rfxgf ePdf / /]l8of]n] cfjZostf b]vd] f pgn]] cfkm\gf] s/f/ cjlwnfO{ nDAofpg ;lS5g\ . t/ slxn];Dd t, o;sf] hjfkm eg] pgL cfkm}; + u“ 5}g . s

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April-July 2006

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cf}+ ztflAbdf vd]® ;fd|fHosf] ktgotf sDaf]l8ofdf lg®Gt® åGå ® ;+3if{ rs{b+ } cfO®x]sf] lyof] . ;g\ !*%$ df sDaf]l8ofsf ®fhfn] cfkm\gf] zf;gsf] ®Iffsf nflu k|mfG;nfO{ u'xf®] . k|mfG;n] ;g\ !*^# ;Dd cf}krfl®s ¿kdf ;+®Ifssf] e"ldsf lgjf{x u¥of] . To;kl5sf *# jif{;Dd k|mfG;n] sDaf]l8ofdf zf;g u¥of] ® cfw'lgs cGt®f{li6«o :t®;Dd k'¥ofpg] ljsf;df ;xof]u lbof], OG8f]rfOgf If]q;Dd lgoGq0f ub}{ yfONofG8n] sAhf u®]sf] sDaf]l8ofsf] k|fGt klg k'gM k|fKt ug{ ;kmn eof] . ;g\ !($! b]lv !($% sf] cjlwe® sDaf]l8ofnfO{ hfkfgn] lgoGq0fdf lnof] . To;kl5 ;g\ !($^ df sDAff]l8ofnfO{ k'gM lgoGq0fdf lnPkl5 k|mfG;n] k|mG] r o'lgogleq ®xg] u/L ;Lldt :jtGqtf;lxtsf] :jzf;g

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lbof] . t®, !(%# df g®f]2d l;+xfg'ssf] cleofgsf] kl®0ffd:j¿k sDaf]l8ofn] k"0f{ :jGqtf kfof] . sDaf]l8ofdf leotgfdL ;]gfsf] cfqmd0fkl5 ®fi6«kd| v ' l;+xfg's ev{® u7g ePsf] kk'n® ;dfhjfbL kf6L{dfkm{t ®fhgLltdf k|jz ] ul®;s]sf lyP . ;'?df l;+xfg's lg®k]Iftfsf nflu n8] t® sDaf]l8ofdf cf>o lngsf nflu pQ®L leotgfdL ;]gfnfO{ :jLs[lt lbP . Toltg} v]® sDo'lg:6lj?4 cd]l®sL ;}Go ;xfotf klg lnP . !(%^ df cd]l®sf;“usf] s"6gLlts ;DaGw cj?4 eof], o;af6 sDo'lg:6 b]zdf l;+xfg'ssf] nf]slk|otf a9\g yfNof] . t® ha sDo'lg:6 cltqmd0f gf6sLo tl®sfn] a9\of], l;+xfg'sn] k'gM cd]l®sfsf] ;dy{g ug{ nfu] . sDo'lg:6sf] pkl:yltnfO{ ;dfKt kfg{] l;+xfg'ssf] c;kmn k|of;, a'4

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April-July 2006

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cltt

e|i6frf® ® cfly{s d'2fx¿n] pRr clwsf®Lx¿ c;Gt'i6 eO®x]sf lyP . vf;u®L ;}lgs g]tfx¿ a9L c;Gt'i6 lyP . oxL sf®0f ;g\ !(&) df hg®n nf]g gf]nsf] g]tT[ jdf ;}lgs s' eof], o;kl5 u[xo'4 ;'? eof] . ;f]xL jif{ cd]l®sL ® blIf0fL leotgfdL ;]gfn] sDo'lg:6 s]Gb|x¿df lgzfgf agfp“b} cfqmd0f ug{ yfn], o;af6 dflg;df sDo'lg:6k|lt ;xfg'el" t hfUg yfNof] . !(&) df sDaf]l8of u0ftGq b]z 3f]lift ul®of] t® Toltv]® ;®sf®sf] lgoGq0fdf b]zsf] Ps ltxfOeGbf sd efu lyof] eg] sDo'lg:6n] qmdzM cfkm\gf] lgoGq0f a9fp“b} nu], o;qmddf hg®n nfg gf]n emg\emg\ tfgfzfx alg®x]sf lyP . ptf vd]®?hnfO{ k5fl8 x6fpg pgL c;kmn eO®x]sf lyP . cGttM ;g\ !(&% sf] clk|n !& sf lbg vd]®?h gf]dk]gdfly sAhf hdfpg ;kmn eP . vd]® zf;gcl3sf] sDaf]l8of vd]®x¿ ;Qfdf cfpg'cl3 sDaf]l8of u|fdL0f cy{tGqdf lge{® lyof], ;fdflhs txdf ufp“x¿df ljs]lGb|s®0f nfu" ul®Psf lyP, h;df ®fhgLlt ldl;Psf] lyPg . dflg;x¿ Psn kl®jf®df a:by] . b]zsf] s'n hg;+VofdWo] *) k|ltzt ls;fg lyP eg] !) k|ltzt hlt cGt®f{li6«o cy{tGqdf ;+nUg lyP . sDaf]l8ofdf *) k|ltzt vd]® ® af“sL cGo cflbjf;L ® hghflt lyP, k|mfG;sf] pklgj]z gLltcg';f® af“sL !) k|ltztdf rfOlgh, leogtfdL, nfcf], yfO{ ® s]xL ;+Vofdf d'l:nd ;d'bfo klg lyP, o;sf ;fy} y'k|} cflbjf;L ;d'bfo lyP . wd{sf b[li6sf]0fn] clwsf+z cyf{t\ *) k|ltzt af}4dfuL{ lyP eg] af“sL leotgfdL, Sofyf]lns / O:nfd lyP . lzIffsf lx;fan] !(^& ;Dddf !) nfv o'jf lzlIft ag]sf lyP h'g s'n hg;+Vofsf] @) k|ltzt lyof] ® 7"nf] ;+Vofdf ®fhgLlts ¿kn] ;r]t ljBfyL{ ® lzIfs lyP . vd]®?hsf] ®fhgLlts pbo vd]®?hsf] pbo ;g\ !(#) df OG8f]rfOlgh sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ ® %) sf] bzsdf sDaf]l8og sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf] :yfkgfaf6 ePsf] lyof] . ;f] kf6L{ kl5 uP® !(&) df sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ ckm sDk'lrof eof], h;sf] g]tT[ j kf]nkf]6n] u®]sf lyP . ;g\ *) sf] bzsdf ;f] kf6L{sf] gfd k'gM kl®jt{g eP® kf6L{ ckm 8]df]qm]l6s sDk'lrof eof] . kl5 oxL kf6L{ vd]®?hsf] gfdn] kl®lrt eof], k|mG] r zAbsf] of] gfd g®f]2d l;+xfg'sn] lbPsf lyP . pQm kf6L{ ;'?df ®fhwfgL gf]dk]gdf dfq ;Lldt lyof], h;sf] g]tT[ j ;fnf]y ;f® gfdsf g]tfn] lnPsf lyP, ltg} ;fnf]y ;f® kl5 uP® kf]n kf]6 ® a|b® gDa® Pssf] ¿kdf ljZjs'Voft eP . ;g\ !(^) b]lv !(() sf] bzs;Dd kf6L{df To:tf] s'g} gf6sLo kl®jt{g cfPg . kf6L{sf w]®h } ;f] g]tfx¿ dWodjuL{o kl®jf®sf lyP ® k|mG] r ljZjljBfnoaf6 lzIff lnPsf lyP . o:t} vd]® ;]gfsf clwsf+z ;]gf ls;fg kl®jf®sf lyP . vd]®?hn]

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;'?[ sf jif{df leotgfdaf6 ® kl5 rLgaf6 ;xof]u lng] uy] { . ;g\ !(&) sf] bzsdf g®f]2d l;+xfg's ® pgsf] ;®sf® Pp6f s'af6 kmflnof] ® To;kl5 hg®n nf]g gf]n zlQmdf cfP . pgsf] zf;gsfndf lj®f]wsf cfjfh tLa| eP . oxL sf®0f hg®n nf]g gf]naf6 k'gM ;Qf xTofp“b} !& clk|n !(&% sf lbg vd]® ;]gfn] gf]dk]g sAhf u®] . b]z s;n] rnfPsf] 5 yfxf 5}g vd]® ;]gf gf]dk]g k|jz ] u®]kl5 ;x®sf jfl;GbfnfO{ Jofks ¿kdf lgsfnf ul®of] . kf]nkf]6sf] clwgdf sDaf]l8ofnfO{ k|hftflGqs sDk'lrof egL 3f]if0ff ul®of] . vd]® zf;gsf] rf®jif]{ cjlwdf clt sfd, ®f]u, ef]sd®L, oftgfnufotaf6 !& nfv dflg; dfl®P . Toltv]® sDaf]l8ofnfO{ kvf{nlagfsf] h]nsf] ¿kdf lrlqt ul®GYof] . zf;gdf cfPkl5 vd]®x¿n] lj:tf®} b]zsf] zf;g gLltdf kl®jt{g u®] . pgLx¿sf] d'Vo p2]Zo lyof] vd]® hfltnfO{ z'4 ® tfhuL ug'{ . h'g p2]Zo kl5 uP® eofgs hftLo lx+;fdf kl®0ft eof] . vd]®sf gLltx¿ lgDg lyP M s_ ;x®L jfl;GbfnfO{ wkfpg] ® k“h ' LjfbL ® k“h ' L;“u ;DalGwt

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3_ cfb®sf zAb ® ;Ddfg k|of]udf k|ltaGw nufpg] . ª_ ;Qflj?4 hfg]nfO{ d[To'b08 ® h]n ;hfo lbg] . vd]®x¿n] ju{sf] k"jc { j:yf, ®fhgLlts ;+nUgtf ® kf6L{kl| t ;dy{gsf] cfwf®df gof“ k|sf®sf] ju{ :yfkgf u®], ;aeGbf tNnf] txdf k®]sfnfO{ vd]® ;]gfn] ;fd"lxs ¿kdf d[To'b08 lbP . vd]® ;]gfx¿ sltkon] cfkm\g} kl®jf® ® ;fyLefOnfO{ ;d]t df®] . vd]® zf;ge® o'jf k':tfnfO{ pgLx¿sf kl®jf® ® ;fyLefOaf6 cnu u®fP® tflnd lbOGYof] ® kf6L{sf] s§® ;dy{s agfOGYof] . vd]® zf;gsf] klxnf] b'O{ jif{;Dd sDaf]l8ofnLn] b]z s;n] rnfO®x]5 eGg];Dd klg yfxf kfPgg\ . vd]®sf k5fl8 ®x]sf] ®fhgLlts kf6L{ lb sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ ckm sDk[l' rof -;LkLs]_ s] 7fGYof] eg] hgtfnfO{ lgoGq0fdf ®fVg uf]kgLotf ;aeGbf dxTjk"0f{ c:q xf] . sDaf]l8ofnLnfO{ ;LkLs] cl:tTjdf 5 eGg];Dd klg yfxf lyPg . cfªsfn] b]zdf zf;g rnfO®x]sf] 5 eg]® ;a}nfO{ hjfkm lbOGYof] . s'g} klg g]tfsf] gfd ;fj{hlgs ul®Psf] lyPg, ;a}lt® cfªsf dfq ;'lgGYof] . yf]®} dflg;nfO{ dfq of] yfxf lyof] .

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Lumbini Air Freight Pvt. Ltd. P.O.Box: 21243, Thamel, Kathmandu, Nepal, Tel: 4258908, 426522, 4212567 Fax: 4262522, e-mail: laf@wlink.com.np, laf@mail.com.np Hari Bahadur Shrestha Managing Director Tel: 4425634 (R), Mobile: 98510-42206

AIR, AIR/SEA & LAND SEA FREIGHT FORWARDER a'4

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April-July 2006

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April-July 2006

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April-July 2006

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blIf0fsfnL If]q %^ x]S6/df km}lnPsf] 5 . g]kfn PsLs/0fkZrft\ lj=;+= !*@^ df >L % k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxn] blIf0fsfnLsf] lgTok"hfsf] u'7L /fv]/ blIf0fsfnLk|lt elQm k|bz{g u/] .

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April-July 2006

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g, dg ® jrg ;“u;“u} sd{n] klg ;Dk"0f{¿kdf g]kfnL uLt–;+uLt If]qk|lt cgj®t lqmofzLn Pjd\ ;dlk{t JolQmTj sf] gfd xf]— k|d] Wjh k|wfg . h;n] ljut kf“r bzs cyf{t lj=;+= @))( ;fnb]lv cfh;Dd klg g]kfnL ;f+uLlts cfsfzdf lg®Gt® ;+nUgtf hgfp“b} cfO®xg'ePsf] 5 . g]kfnL Oltxf;sf] kfgfdf pxf“sf] gfd gx'g] xf] eg] g]kfNfL uLt–;+uLt cw'®f] x'G5, ck'®f] x'G5 . ;g\ !(#* h"g ^ tfl®vsf lbg l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnfsf] rf}tf®fdf hGdg'ePsf clg kb\df]bo xfO:s'naf6 lj=;+=@)!# ;fndf P;=Pn=:fL= k®LIff pQL0f{ ug'e { Psf g]kfnL ;f+uLlts kmf“6df Ps rlr{t Pjd\ nf]slk|o JolQmTj k|wfgn] xfn;Dd ;ft ;o cfw'lgs, ®fli6«o, nf]s, g]kfn efiffsf uLt tyf ehgx¿ ufO;Sg'ePsf] 5 . @)!) ;fndf jfBlz®f]dl0f :juL{o u0f]znfn >]i7af6 !% dlxgf zf:qLo ;+uLtsf] k|lzIf0f lng'sf ;fy} pxf“n] :juL{o :f+uLtsf® hob]jaf6 gf]eD] a® !(^( b]lv h"g !(&) ;Dd ;'ud ;+UfLtsf] uxg cWoog a6'ln;Sg'ePsf] 5 . pxf“n] @) j6f l8:s ®]s8{ ® ^ j6f uLlt Sof;]6 ahf®df NofO;Sg'ePsf] 5 . d'DaOdf ljb]zL uflosfsf ;fy @)@# ;fndf g]kfnL rnlrq ædfOtL3®Æ df klxnf] kfZj{ufossf]¿kdf cfkm\gf] 5lj lgdf{0f ug{ ;kmn JolQmTj k|wfgn] ;g\ !(^& df ;®:jtL SofDk;af6 :gfts tx pQL0f{ ug'e { Psf] lyof] . a'9o\ f}nLdf klg hf];hf“u®sf ;fy c;Ld pmhf{ a6'n®] cem} klg g]kfnL uLt–;+uLt If]qdf lbnf]Hofgn] pxf“n] of]ubfg ul®®xg'ePsf] 5 . ®]l8of] g]kfn :yfkgf ePsf] Ps jif{kl5 cyf{t lj=;+= @)@! ;fn r}t @) ut] ®]l8of] g]kfnsf] hLjg;+uLt ;Dd]ngdf ;xefuL eP® pxf“ k|yd x'ge ' Psf] lyof] . To; afkt pxf“nfO{ ;j{>i] 7 ;fws ufossf] kbs klg k|fKt ePsf] lyof] .

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April-July 2006

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lk|Hdfsf] cfzf b'O{ jif{bl] v l/Qm /x]sf] dlxnf cfof]udf ;/sf/n]] ut r}tsf] klxnf];ftf lgo'lQm u/]sf] 5 . aGbgf /f0ffsf] cWoIftfdf ul7t rf/ ;b:o / Ps ;lrjdWo] Ps ;b:o o:tL x'g\ hf] ;DejtM lk5l8Psf] hfltaf6 /fli6«o:t/sf] kbdf k'Ug] klxnf] dlxnf x'g\ . pgL x'g–\ lk|Hdf l;+x yf? . alb{of lhNnfdf /x]/ dlxnf pTyfgdf ;lqmo lk|Hdf lk5l8Psf] yf? ;d'bfoaf6 dfq k|ltlglwTj ulb{gg\, sl/a Ps bzsotf dlxnf xslxtdf ;d]t ;lqmo 5g\ . :gfts;Ddsf] cWoog u/]sL lk|Hdf cfof]udf cfkm" lgo'Qm x'gn ' fO{ JolQmut¿kdf dfq geO{ tdfd dlxnf / yf? ;d'bfosf] g} ;Ddfg ePsf] 7fGbl5g\ . sd}of d'Qm ePsf] /fHon] 3f]if0ff u/] klg cem} Jofjxfl/s ¿kdf sfof{Gog x'g af“sL /x]sf] / To;df klg dlxnfx¿sf] l:ylt bogLo /x]sf] lk|Hdf atfp“l5g\ . cfof]udf cfPkl5 sd}ofnufot t/fO{sf lk5l8Psf dlxnfsf] l:yltnfO{ /fli6«o :t/df klxrfg u/fO{ ;d:of ;dfwfgdf nfUg] pgsf] k|lta4tf 5 . åGåsf sf/0f klg dlxnfx¿sf] l:ylt bogLo /x]sf] tyf pgLx¿ bf]xf]/f] df/df k/]sf] lk|Hdfsf] dx;'; 5 . åGån] k'?ifx¿ lj:yflkt ePkl5 To;sf] df/ / ef/;d]t dlxnfn] g} ef]Ug'k/]sfn] ltgsf lglDt /fxtsf] sfo{qmddf cfkm"n] hf]8 lbg] klg pgsf] egfO 5 . pgL;d]t cfof]usf kbflwsf/Lx¿sf] sfo{sfn b'O{ jif{sf] x'g5 ] . cfof]udf dgf]gLt cGo ;b:odf nLnL yfkf, ;fwgf >]i7 / k|ldnf cfrfo{ tyf ;lrjdf clDasf uhd]/ /x]sf 5g\ . dlxnfx¿ rf}tkmL{ kL8f / df/df kl//x]sf] a]nf lk|Hdf;lxtsf] 6f]nLn] g]kfnL dlxnfsf] ;du|df pTyfgsf nflu s] u5{ t < o;sf] hjf˚ eg] b'O{ jif]{ sfo{sfnsf] d"Nofª\sg gu/L eGg xtf/ x'g5 ] . t/ lk|Hdf cfzfjfbL 5g\– s]xL u/L 5f8\ga] f/]df .s

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April-July 2006

Sharing Risks... Building Relationships

Underwriter of Worldwide Facultative and Treaty Business Designated Indian Reinsurer

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