Yatra Magazine October 2006 | Buddha Air

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Complimentry Copy

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With Best Compliments From

K.M. Dastur

REINSURANCE BROKERS PRIVATE LIMITED

Insurance and Reinsurance Specialist Brokerage Services

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Is Wine Good for Health?

Page 10

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Buddha Yatra has improved a lot from the last time I read it. Keep it up and all the best to the Yatra team.

Nirola,

Yatra has covered top-

Maharajguni Kathmandu.

lSangita

ics from history to sports to current politics,I really like

I have enjoyed reading Yatra because it is informative,

reading Yatra .

I wish you could add horoscope too in your magazine?

lSatendra

Ans: Dear madam we will soon be adding horoscope

Raut,

Dhulikhel.

from our next issue. lPranita

Pradhan (Ghimire) Sanepa ,Lalitpur.

Why don’t you publish the lucky draw winners?

Success report on Buddha Air and

Questions/Answers/Comments

Ans: Dear sir we do always publish the lucky draw win-

farmers covered on social service was good reading.It is good to know that Busi-

ness Corporate can contribute in social endeavors .

ners in our Yatra magazine, it is always in the second page

lIsaac

of the magazine.

Anup Rana,

Kathmandu. lBishwa

Chandra Ghimire, Kathmandu.

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Social Service

SABS Project With Small farmers and Big Hopes n

Lokendra Karki

S

mallholders are dominant in Nepalese agriculture. Almost 92% of the holdings are with less than 2 hectares, sharing only about 69 % of agricultural land. These small-scale farmers have lower access to technical services, input, credit and market. The level of international competition is also increasing in the local markets. Besides, farmers are being paid much lower price of their products due to the involvement of a lot of intermediaries in the marketing of farm products. These situations have led to the cycle of low productivity, low surplus, low or no savings. Buddha Air has realized addressing these problems as a corporate social responsibility (CSR) and has granted Community Development and Research Centre (CDRC) to implement Smallholder Agribusiness Support (SABS) project since January 2005. Implemented in Tankisinwari and Hattimuda district of Morang district, followings are some features of activities of the project.

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Oct-Dec 2006

Social Service

Small Farmers, Big Achievement Marginal farmers of Morang staged a protest against price hike of chemical fertilizers while Prime Minister GP Koirala was in his hometown, Biratnagar. Hundreds of farmers went to participate in a protest in front of Agriculture Input Company (AIC), Biratnagar. Men and women raised the united voice representing fellow farmers, “Farmers are entitled to get fertilizer”.

Then the protest rally pro-

ceeded towards PM’s residence to make him aware of the farmers’ situation.

Tankisinwari

Agro-commodity

Marketing Cooperative (TAMCO), a cooperative formed with the technical support of the SABS – CDRC, organized the protest rally. As the demand of the farmers were genuine, and the voices of the farmers so high that PM immediately ordered to make necessary arrangements

Beneficiaries SABS covers 351 farmers organized

Agro-commodity Marketing Cooperative

to avail the fertilizers at an appropriate

(TAMCO) Ltd.

price. In a five days time, fertilizers were

in 14 farmer groups as direct beneficiaries. Out of these farmer groups, the number of male, female and mixed

made available to the farmers. It was a

Technology dissemination Improved production technology,

big achievement to get fertilizer during the peak season of farming.

groups is 1, 1 and 12 respectively. On

soil management, plant protection and

the average household family size, the

grain marketing are the major interven-

called ‘competitive’ import policy, gov-

number of beneficiaries has calculated

tions of the project for the reporting

ernment virtually lost the control over

to be 2106. All 351 (164 female) of the

period. Almost all the households were

fertilizer markets; as a result, the price

member farmers of the SABS project are

served with basic

of the chemical fertilizers skyrocketed

resource poor landless, mar-

For years, due to the open and so-

up to 70 percent on an average in one year. Farmers had to bear all the costs of such an inefficiency of the government.

After

the

successful

protest,

Dashani Devi Majhi, Vice-chair person of Namuna Women Farmers Group, commented, “We have proved it today that our organization is our strength”. Her statements appears so obvious that farmers now get urea fertilizer at Rs 765 per 50 Kg bag, where as they used to pay Rs know how on improved ginal and small

1400 for the same. “We are encouraged

technology of paddy, wheat, green gram,

after this event. We will keep up our

farmers. The percentage of male and fe-

vegetables production and small live-

unity and further strengthen our orga-

male has reached 53 and 47 respectively.

stock rearing. Above all, the project has

nization,” stressed Mr. Shiva Ram Majhi,

Similarly, based on caste and ethnicity

successfully implemented concept of co-

member farmer of TAMCO. Ms Sangita

among the beneficiaries, Tharu (36%) are

operative grain banking for the first time

Majhi, a community mobiliser of SABS

the highest in number. All these farmer

in Nepal for retaining more benefit by

maintains, “This success will have reper-

groups have been further strengthened

the small farmers from the cereal grain

cussive impacts on group dynamics of

by merging them to a Tankisinwari

marketing. The target groups have suc-

the small farmers, and the importance of cooperatives will be further enhanced”.

a'4

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Oct-Dec 2006

Social Service

Sowing the seeds of hope Ugra

Narayan

Bishwas,

penses for the family celebration. I don’t

quick response to drought and provid-

know how what to do.”

ing green gram production technology

from

In the third week of August, he re-

as an alternative crop to rice”, remarks

Tankisinwari VDC-8 of Morang had sown

ceived a training about alternative crops

Mr. Rajeshwar Bishwas . These varieties of

the paddy seeds in the first week of June

for drought prone areas where he learned

green gram are high yielding and mature

expecting that crop would yield higher

that the new varieties of green gram ‘Prat-

early than the traditional ones. In addi-

than the previous years. Unfortunately,

ichhya’ , ‘Kalyan’ and ‘NM-92’ could be

tion to very little moisture requirement

following the long drought of this year

grown well in this season he also learned

and lower production cost than the rice

all his hopes are shattered. The seedlings

the precautionary measures that need to

variety, it also improve the soil fertility

grew older and began to wilt. He desper-

be practiced while cultivating Green Gram

due to nitrogen fixation by the roots of

ately murmured- “the holy festival Tihar

in this season. Then he went to the TAM-

the crop. Mr. Bishwas adds, “This alterna-

is coming up and I have to manage the ex-

CO office to receive improved varieties of

tive has really provided hope among the

green gram. The next day he sowed the

farmers amidst such a prolonged and un-

seeds, and according to him, they are the

usual drought this year”.

“seeds of hope”.

“Thanks to the project team for

Trainings/ Workshops Farmer training has remained one

rearing, seed production and marketing Altogether 44 trainings and workshops

of the most critical parts of the entire

have been organized for capacity build-

project. The farmer training includes

ing of the focus groups in which about

training to the interested members of

1309 farmers participated.

farmer groups who in turn impart the

Market Access

acquired knowledge to other member

An innovative concept of Coop-

farmers in the group meeting. Both in-

erative Grain Banking has been imple-

cessfully able to increase the production

house and practical trainings were orga-

mented in the project to assist farmers in

by adaptation and adoption of improved

nized to share fundamental knowledge

increasing market access of smallholder

technologies. Production of paddy,

of improved technologies in cultivation

farmers. Grain Bank is a community

wheat and green gram has increased

practices of different crops, plant protec-

owned storage from which farmers can

from baseline value 2.2 ton/hac, 1.2 ton/

tion, soil management, small livestock

receive collateral free loan at lower per-

hac and 0.5 ton/hac to 4.41 ton/hac , 3.6 ton/hac and 1.2 ton/hac respectively.

Participatory Research Based on farmer participatory approach, SABS project has conspicuously focused on technology generation and promotion. Promising varieties of paddy and wheat developed by various national and international research organizations have been tested to evaluate the performance of those varieties. This process has been effective in finding out the bestsuited variety to a specific microclimate of project area from a series of recommended and other promising lines. The data shows that BPI 3-2 (Mithila) and Barkhe 2014 lines of paddy and BL 1887 (Gautam) and BL 1968 lines of wheat are the best performers in the project area.

a'4

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Oct-Dec 2006

cent interest rate for seed and fer-

FARMER RESEARCHER

tilizer at the time of farming which they can reimburse in the form

Krishna K.C., a resident of Hattimuda

of produced grain to the storage.

– 6, has now become a model researcher

The grain thus stored is sold in

farmer. In his paddy farm, one can see differ-

the market at the time when the

ent varietals trials, seed production plots, soil

price becomes high. The profit

solarization and SRI and improved practice

obtained is again redistributed to

plots. After visiting his plots, one thinks that

the farmers.

Mr. K.C. must be a landlord, but he owns just

Ensued by the project, the 14 farmer groups have come together for the establishment of market-

0.2 ha of land and he has rented in 2.5 ha of land from the absentee landlords.

Mr. K.C. visits his farm regularly, in-

ing cooperative for storage and

spects and compares the different plots. He is

marketing of the farm products. A

also qualified in identifying early systems of

total of 40 ton paddy and 22 ton

different diseases and insect pest and compe-

wheat have been stored by the

tent in using leaf color chart (LCC). He is very

cooperative. The grain bank has been successful in safeguarding small farm-

kin in learning new things and enthusiastic

ers from local moneylenders and intermediaries, as a result of which farmers

in applying them . Because of his exceptional

have been able to capture about 26 percent more net return from produced

quality, Mr. K.C. has been a leader farmer

paddy and wheat grain.

since the implementation of participatory research program of SABS Project.

Seed Production

Participatory varietals selection pro-

Seed production and marketing can lead to availability of good quality of

gram of the project, with active participation

seeds to the farmers and boost the total production. It not only increases food

of farmers evaluates the performance of new

self-sufficiency in the target area but also can create a good incentive to the

varieties of rice and wheat crops in terms of

producer farmers. After receiving training and other technical service farmers

different traits that include grain yield, matu-

of 14 farmer groups produced 7 tons BL 1887 wheat seed variety , 7 quintals

rity days, straw yield, palatability and other

of ‘Pratichhya’ , ‘Kalyan’ and ‘NM92’ Green Gram seeds . Similarly, farmers

characters. The farmers select the best per-

have been producing ‘Kanchhi Masuli’ and ‘ Radha 12’ varieties in 10 hectares

former for promotion in the next season.

of land. Due to the higher demand of the quality seeds the farmers have not

“We got chance to learn new improved

been able to supply as required. Besides, seed processing machine (see photo)

technologies only after the implementation of

have been granted to replace manual processing by efficient machine that will

SABS project of CDRC. Adopting improved

reduce the processing cost by more than fifty percent.

technology in a proper way can easily increase the production by 50 percent or more

Saving and Credit mobilization

while reducing the cost at the same time”, he

All 351 members of 14 farmer groups save certain amount of money

explained showing the tillers of paddy. “Ear-

on a monthly basis.They have made their own by-laws for the mobilization

lier we used 60 -70 Kg seed of paddy for 1 ha

of saving amount. The loan lending system is so developed that any member

of land but now we need only 6 Kg for the

farmer can easily receive the collateral free loan without rigorous paperwork

same. We are also able to retain farm profit

at the lower interest rate. Despite such flexible and easy lending system, the

margin from seed production and market-

rate of repayment is 100 percent. Total saving of those groups has reached Rs.

ing”- he added.

228,884

and about

85

percent of which has been mobilized in various

income generation activities , in particular, farming and livestock rearing. s

Contented with his success, Ms Chinta Chaudhari a community mobilizer of SABS describes, “His farm has been a model for

Project Title Implementing Agency Goal

Community Development & Research Centre (CDRC) To improve the livelihoods of resource poor farmers

Target Group(s)

Landless, marginal and small farmers

Donor Agency

Buddha Air Private Limited Lokendra Karki, Project Team Leader cdrc@ntc .net.np

Contact Person

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Smallholder Agribusiness Support (SABS) Project

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Oct-Dec 2006

both the national and international researchers and farmers for one year. He has already been booked for the visits of researchers and farmers from various GOs and NGOs for this season”.

Festival

Dashain in Nepal D

uring the month of Kartik (late September and

and covered with cow dung on to which seeds are sown.

early October), the Nepalese people indulge in the

The ghatasthapana ritual is performed at a certain aus-

biggest festival of the year- Dashain. Dashain is the lon-

picious moment determined by the astrologers.

gest and the most auspicious festival in the Nepalese

By the tenth day, the seed will have grown to five

annual calendar, celebrated by Nepalese of all caste

or six inches long yellow grass. The sacred yellow grass

and creed throughout the country. The fifteen days of

is called 'Jamara'. It is bestowed by the elders atop the

celebration occurs during the bright lunar fortnight

heads of those younger to them during the last five

ending on the day of the full moon. Throughout the

days when tika is put on.

country, the goddess Durga in all her manifestations is

As days passes by, regular rituals are observed till

worshiped with innumerable pujas, abundant offerings

the seventh day. The seventh day is called 'Fulpati'. On

and thousands of animal sacrifices for the ritual holy

fulpati, the royal kalash filled with holy water, banana

bathing of the goddess.

stalks, jamara and sugar cane tied with red cloth is car-

Dashain commemorates victory of the gods over

ried by Brahmans on a decorated palanquin under a

the wicked demons. One of the victory stories told is

gold tipped and embroidered umbrella. The govern-

the Ramayan, where the lord Ram slaughtered Ravana,

ment officials also join the fulpati parade. With this the

the fiendish king of demons after a big struggle. It is

Dashain feasting starts.

said that lord Ram was successful

The eighth day is called the Maha Asthami: The

in the battle only when god-

fervor of worship and sacrifice to Durga and Kali increas-

dess Durga was evoked. An-

es. Sacrifices are held in almost every house throughout

other story reveals how goddess

the day. The night of the eighth day is called 'Kal Ratri',

Durga killed the terrible demon

the dark night. Hundreds of goats, sheep and buffaloes

Mahisasur, who terrorised the

are sacrificed at the mother goddess temples.

earth in the guise of a brutal wa-

The ninth day is called Nawami: Temples of

ter buffalo. The first nine days

mother goddess are filled with people from dawn till

signify the nine days of battle

dusk. Animals mostly black buffaloes are slaughtered to

between goddess Durga and the

honour Durga. On this very day the god Vishwa Karma,

demon. The tenth day is the day

the God of creativity is also worshiped. All factories, ve-

when Mahisasur was slain and

hicles, any machinery instruments and anything from

the last five days symbolize the

which we make a living is worshiped. Sacrifices are

celebration of the victory with

made to all moving machinery on this day.

the blessing of the goddess.

In preparation for Dashain every home is cleansed and

The tenth day is the Dashami: On this day Nepalese people take tika and jamara from the elders and receive their blessing.

beautifully decorated, painted

The importance of Dasain also lies in the fact that

as an invitation to the mother

on this day family members from far off and distant

goddess, so that she may visit

relatives come for a visit as well as to receive tika from

and bless the house with good

the head of the family. This function continues for four

fortune. During this time the

days. After four days of rushing around and meeting

reunion of distant and nearby relatives occur in every

relatives, Dashain ends on the full moon day. This day

household. The market is filled with shoppers seeking

is also called 'Kojagrata' meaning 'who is awake'. The

new clothes, gifts, luxuries and enormous supplies of

Hindu goddess of wealth Laxmi is worshipped on this

temple offering for the gods.

day.

The first nine days of Dashain are called Nawa

After Dashain everyone settles back to normal.

Ratri. The first day of Dashain is called Ghatasthapana,

After receiving the blessing of goddess Durga, peo-

which literally means pot establishing. On this day the

ple are ready to work and acquire virtue, power and

kalash, (holy water vessel) symbolizing goddess Durga

wealth. Dashain thus is not only the longest festival but

often with her image embossed on the side is placed in

also the most anticipated one among all the festivals

the prayer room. The kalash is filled with holy water

of Nepal.s

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Campaign ADV

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Oct-Dec 2006

*

Music

H

e was born a simple man but stood out from the rest in the

to music, the Comeback Special. His performance decked out in

musical arena. A celebrity, a rich man, a rock-n-roll star,

sexy leathers and flailing around just like the old days, was a

at the age of 19, Elvis Presley is a man whose fame can defy the

revelation. The Comeback Special was the beginning of a small

challenges of time.

revival of Elvis' recorded fortunes.

Known all over the world as the â&#x20AC;&#x153;Kingâ&#x20AC;?, Elvis Aaron Presley

He closeted himself with a bunch of friends from the early

was born on January 8, 1935 in Tupelo, Mississippi. He was one

days, the "Memphis Mafia", and enjoyed the role of beneficent

of the twin sons born to Vernon and Gladys Presley. His twin

ruler and patron. The Memphis Mafia, originally his boyhood

brother Jesse Garon Presley was stillborn.

acquaintances, began to resemble a pack of sycophant, eager to

Although there was never a lot of money, the young Elvis'

outdo each other in flattering and toadying. They got Elvis drugs

life was not one of grinding poverty: his mother always made

and girls. He put on weight and became increasingly dependent

sure he had enough, both of necessities and of little luxuries.

on drugs, mostly pills. He took pills to wake him up, pills to calm

Influenced and encouraged by his mother, Elvis went to church

him down, pills to give him energy and pills to make him sleep.

and learned to love the Lord. He took interest in music, singing

His personal physician, Dr. George Nichopolous, procured most

in church, and playing guitar and piano. His musical taste was

of the drugs for him.

catholic, encompassing not just the country & western and white

On August 16, 1977, Elvis had trouble sleeping after he

gospel, but also blues, r&b, and black gospel. His love for music

tried to go to bed at 9 a.m. He took some pills and went into the

from the racial divide made him the first white to incorporate the

bathroom; it was there that he was found five hours later, dead.

spirits, as well as the notes, of blues, r&b, and country together.

From a fairly ordinary childhood, he was suddenly swept

He had won a talent contest at a fair when he was ten, and

into a cocoon of fame, with enough money to buy whatever he

he also took home the first prize in his high school talent show

wanted. He called people "Sir" and "Ma'am" even after he had

in his senior year. In 1954, Elvis, decided to make a record. He

touched the sky of fame. Despite the claims that he was a me-

entered a little studio in Memphis with guitarist Scotty Moore

diocre singer and poor guitar player, he remains an electrifying

and standup bassist Bill Black. The little band played a few coun-

musician. The king may not be alive but his music is immortal in

try & western and blues songs. Elvis started his own version of

the hearts of all music lovers.s

"That's Alright Mama", an old song by Arther "Big Boy" Crudup.

He had played it with a stuttering, driving, earthy beat, different from the original version. Sam Phillips, who owned the studio, was stunned and rushed into the rehearsal room, and told the boys to keep playing.

Elvis' ascent into the stratosphere began there and then.

Before the record had even been pressed, Phillips took the record to a local radio station. The deejay played the track more than 30 times that night. Elvis' records began selling, first in Memphis, and then, as the wave of popularity spread, across the country.

Even if the older generation did not like Elvisâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; music, to the young people the records sold like hotcakes.

Elvis' career continued to shoot up almost vertically. He sold millions of records. At the instigation of his manager, he began to star in movies as well.

He continued to make records all his life, but through the first years of the 1960s, Elvis concentrated on making movies.

He neglected music and no one could call any of his films masterpieces. But all was not lost yet. In 1968 he planned a return

Elvis

King of Rock n' Roll

HEALTH

Is Red Wine Good For Health?

H

ere is what most people want to hear: Drinking a moderate

of the upper digestive system-throat and esophagus-than

amount of red wine each day appears to be beneficial for

non-drinkers. But there is some evidence that moderate wine

heart disease and may extend lifespan. Wine got its reputation for being tipple of choice because it is so widely consumed in

drinkers are at no greater risk than teetotallers.

Is Red wine good for heart? Many studies have shown the

France where heart disease rates are low, But before you go out

benefits of Red wine suggesting a small amount (one drink a

and stock your pantry with red wine there are some precautions

day for women and two drinks a day for men) lowers the risk of

that need to been taken:

heart attack for people in middle age. It also suggests that red

1) While drinking one glass of wine each day may yield some

wine may prevent additional heart attacks if you have already

benefit. Like: • One drink amounts to 50 ml of wine or 30ml of hard liquor or 300-350mlof mild beers.

• The protective effects of wine are greater when it is consumed with meals.

• Alcohol contains seven calories per gram, and can therefore

raise HDL cholesterol (The Good cholesterol) and prevent LDL (The Bad cholesterol) from forming. Red wine may prevent blood clots and reduce the blood vessel damage by fat deposits.

Should we start drinking more of Red wine? The answer is NO because studies show drinking may increase triglycerides

lead to an increase in weight, when

(another bad blood lipids) and result in

taken in large quantities.

weight gain due to its empty calories.

• If you drink, do so in moderation. If

If you do already drink alcohol do so

you do not, then it's not advisable

in moderation. It does not make sense

to start for 'health reason"

to choose Red wine over other alcohol

2) While drinking two or more glasses

beverages, and always use wine saver

of wine or any alcoholic beverage

to ensure the wine does not oxidize and

may offset the benefit and increases

go rancid. The Vacu Vin Wine Server is

the blood pressure and damages

an exceptional choice as it allows you

the heart, liver, kidneys and brain.

pump out air inside the bottle prior

It causes impotence and infertility.

to sealing, and it is durable. Drink-

In Pregnancy, it damages the fetus.

ing alcohol with cigarette is extremely

It is to be know that consuming

injurious to health. Medical specialists

large amount of wine or grapes,

never suggest to consume alcohol with

which have a lower concentration,

smoking cigarettes. Though people feel

which will increase insulin levels

more relax with smoking and drinking

and eventually have a negative

wine.s

impact on our health. Heavy drinkers are more likely to get cancer

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suffered from one before. It also indicates that red wine can

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Oct-Dec 2006

SPORTS

Maradona Maradona led the Argentine national team to victory in the1986 World Cup, the team won 3-2 in the final against West Germany.

D

iego Armando Maradona was born on October 30, 1960; in

clearly revealed he had scored the goal with the aid of his hand.

Villa Fiorito, Buenos Aires, Argentina to a family of humble

He later claimed it was the "Hand of God" which had caused him

origin.

to score the goal, to the general derision of the English public

He first played in the Argentine Championship, for Argen-

and in particular the tabloid newspapers, who still resurrect

tinos Junior team in1976 to 1981 and then for the club Boca

the incident occasionally even today, branding him as a cheat.

Juniors from1981 to1982. He then went to play in Spain, where

However, Maradona showed the other side of his nature just a

he played for FC Barcelona; there he won the Copa del Rey. On

couple of minutes later in the same match, by running half the

July 5, 1984 he went to Naples, Italy to join SSC Napoli, where

length of the pitch and beating almost the entire English team

he won two Italian Championships in 1986/87 and 1989/1990

along the way to score what is widely regarded as the most ex-

and a Coppa Italia in1987, a UEFA Cup in1989 and an Italian

ceptional goal of all time.

Supercup in1990. Napoli were runners-up in the Italian Championship twice when he played therein Italy.

Maradona led the Argentine national team to victory in the1986 World Cup, the team won 3-2 in the final against West Germany. In this tournament, he became notorious for a goal

Maradona also captained Argentina in the 1990 World Cup leading a far weaker team to the final again, where they lost 1-0 to West Germany. In the 1994 World Cup he was sent home in disgrace after failing a drugs test for ephedrine doping.

Maradona left Napoli in 1992, after serving a 15-month

in the quarterfinals against England, which video evidence later

Individual honours l 1979-81

Argentine Football Writers' Footballer of the Year

l 1979-81,

1986 Argentine Sports Writers' Footballer of the Year

l 1979-80,

1986 Argentine Sports Personality of the Year

l 1979,

1986, 1989, 1990, 1992 South American Footballer of the

Year (El Mundo, Caracas) l 1986

Golden Ball for Best Player of the FIFA World Cup

l 1986

European Footballer of the Year (France Football)

l 1986-7

Best Footballer in the World (Onze)

l 1996

Golden Ball for services to football (France Football)

l 1999

Best World Cup goal (1986 (2-0) v. England)

l 1999

Argentine Sports Writers' Sportsman of the Century

l 2000

"FIFA best football player of the century", people's choice.

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SPORTS

Career Statistics International 1977-94 Argentina (91 appearances, 34 goals) 21 appearances in four FIFA World Cup finals Argentina's second highest goal-scorer

International honours 1979 FIFA World Youth Championship 1986 FIFA World Cup winner 1990 FIFA World Cup runner-up 1993 Copa Artemio Franchi

ban for failing a drug test and played for Sevilla FC from1992 to1993, Newell's Old Boys from1993 and Boca Juniors from1995 to1997.

He also attempted to work as a coach on two short occasions, leading Mandiyú of Corrientes in1994 and Racing Club in1995. He retired from football on October 30, 1997.

In 2002, the Argentine Football Association asked FIFA for authorization to retire shirt number 10, the number Maradona used, as homage. At first, FIFA authorized it only to reverse their decision soon after. While retiring a shirt number used by a great athlete is common practice in American sports, there were no cases of this happening in Football.

On April 18, 2004, doctors reported that Maradona had suffered a major heart attack following a cocaine overdose and was in intensive care in a Buenos Aires hospital. Dozens

May 5. Since then, he has entered a psychiatric facility for sub-

of fans gathered around the clinic indicating his popularity

stance abuse treatment in Cuba.

even in 2004. Maradona was hospitalized in a floor that was

Maradona is also known in Argentina as "El Pibe de Oro"

closed so he could be attended to exclusively. After he showed

(The Golden Boy)in Latin. In 2002, Maradona published his au-

improvement, he was then taken off the respirator on April 23,

tobiography Yo Soy El Diego, which became an instant bestseller

and remained in intensive care for several days before being

in his home country.s

discharged on April 29. However, he returned to the hospital on

n Compiled by:

Rajeev Sharma

CAT (Clear Air Turbulence) In

a clear day free of clouds people

any cloud. It is also associated with the

when winds flow across these ridges

are most likely to think that

strong winds at high altitude near jet

they create waves causing a major fac-

their flight may be smooth or free of

stream. Jet stream is the band of high-

tor of CAT.

turbulence but this is just merely a lack

speed wind, which can exceed speed of

of knowledge about weather and espe-

more than 170 miles per hour.

CAT is also most likely to be encountered while flying at low levels

cially due to a factor known as “CAT”.

Other than jet stream CAT is asso-

such as in the Terai during summer

CAT or more commonly known,

ciated with various other factor such as

time, when convective heat released

as “Clear Air Turbulence” is a kind of

mountain waves, Convective currents

from the surface also causes turbu-

rough air which occurs with little or no

and temperature inversion. Especially

lence. This is the main cause why our

visual sign. It develops when contrast-

in a mountainous country like Nepal

passengers experience turbulence when

ing air masses collide to give energy

with Mountain ridges and high terrain

they fly during clear weather.

exchange but dry enough not to form

spreading all over, it is most likely that

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Oct-Dec 2006

FASHION TIPS

Are women fashion style statement just about wearing women fashion clothing? Every one of us are different and so it is important that we have a fashion statement that best suits our personality. Fashion is nothing but highlighting the best and hiding all the flaws.

About clothing

• Always wear a free flowing fabric in one tone to achieve a long and slim look.

• Wear clothes on the basis of your body structure.

• Velvet and leather is apt for winters whereas silk and cotton for summers.

• For a morning party opt for lighter shades like emerald green, ocean blue, pink or you could also try out for some trendy pastel colors.

• For late evening occasions opt for vibrant colors that can add sparkling effect to your dressing sense.

• If you are short it would be advisable you avoid wearing short dresses. Rather go for long skirts with a nice fish cut.

• If you are thin avoid wearing sleeveless clothes.

• If you have a medium structure you need to wear beige and fawn color clothes.

Skin tone • If you have a fair complexion, then gold with a blend of copper would just look beautiful.

• If you are medium whitish colored, then mixed shades of white, beige and bronzy golden would suit your style.

• Dark skin women should go for golden copper shades and should stay away from bright colors.

Helpful tips • Wear clothes of your own size. Never opt for oversized clothes.

• Be careful while selecting accessories for a wear. Just don’t pick up something for the heck of it. Remember your accessories speak more about you than your clothes.

• Make sure whatever jewelery you wear blends well with your style.

• Dress in black or dark solid colors to minimize any part of your body.

• If blessed, or cursed, with a large bust line don’t dress in black everyday but do try to avoid wide necklines that make your top look wider, as well as high-waisted pants that exaggerate a full chest.

• Select tops with V-necks to lengthen the vertical line of the top portion of your body.

• Match tops with low-waisted pants to place attention on your hips and lengthen your entire body. Boot cut or flared pants will help balance your top and tie the ensemble together.

• Select lighter textured fabric, no thick tweeds or wools, as they add mass to your body structure.

• Aim for a skirt hemline at or below your knee to slim and lengthen your look.

• When trying clothing on, be certain to stretch, move, reach and bend – if it doesn’t work in the fitting room, it won’t work in the office.

I

FASHION RULES FOR MEN

t doesn’t matter where you are or what you do, being well dressed and looking good can never be something that’s too much to ask! Here's a list of tips and pointers to bear in mind while dressing up next time for office or any other formal occassion.

• The first rule relating to work gear is to never ever wear jeans or sneakers to work. Try cotton pants, shirts and leather shoes to give you a trendy, yet formal look.

• TIES are hot and should be worn more. It doesn’t matter

groomed use mousse or gel to make it last.

• For more important meetings make use of power dressing.

what color it is or if it even goes with your shirt. Experi-

Wearing a full suit for a meeting can make the right first

ment with unconventional colors. Go bold, subtle, wild, or

impression. Keep the time of day and season in mind before

subdued with patterns. Stripes or dots, just about anything works.

• If you prefer formality and propriety over comfort and ease then go for the traditional pleated straight cut pants. In these cuts colors like navy blue, military green look flattering. Flat front pants with a slight flair (boot leg) at the bottom look chic too.

• Avoid shirts that have prominent patterns. Try subtle colors like beige in self-prints that do not stand out. Pin-stripped shirts never go out of style. A plain crisp well-fitted shirt worn

picking out one.

• Belt is one accessory that can make or break the entire ensemble. Choose a belt that goes with the entire outfit.

• Do not hesitate to wear shoes with heels if you are, well vertically challenged. Well-heeled shoes will make your pants seem more well cut.

• As a rule of thumb self-pinstriped dark colored pants will make you look taller and thinner. To flaunt a broader upper body, team them with a light colored shirt.

• Smelling great will be the perfect end to a dressing ritual.

with pants that are tailor made and customized to your body

Make the effort to use the same brand of after-shave, co-

forms an uncanny combo that can turn heads…towards you.

logne, and eau de perfume. This way your fragrance lasts

• Socks of dark colors should be preferably worn because

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whites look too stark.

• Try to wear your hair neatly and to make sure its perfectly

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Oct-Dec 2006

longer. s

ENGINEERING

Buddha Air has computerized system for almost all the major funmctions which has to be carried out in order to run an airline smoothly The main objective of Engineering Department is to maintain all Buddha Airâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s aircrafts in airworthy condition as stipulated by CAAN and the aircrafts manuals provided by the manufacturer. In order to run the department smoothly, it is sub divided into divisions like: Maintenance Division, Maintenance Planning, workshops, Quality assurance, Technical Records, Library, procurement and stores.

Quality Assurance Division monitors various functions laid down by CAA of Nepal and the manufacturer. QA conducts internal audit regularly to make sure all things within engineering are satisfactory.

Buddha Air has a large stock of components worth more than US $ 2.5 million including 2 engines, 3 propellers, 3 landing gears, gyros, ACM, Heat Exchanger, etc. and all special tools, testing equipments and ground support equipments required for our aircrafts. All this helps us to maintain our on time departure by 99%.

Regular audits from CAA of Nepal, Raytheon Aircraft Company and Pratt & Whitney Canada are conducted annually and we do not have any outstanding discrepancies.

Currently, 9 Airframe & Engine and 4 Electronic, Instrument & Radio engineers are working in the Engineering Department, there are a few more in the training process in the Technician group. All these engineers are trained in Raytheon Maintenance Training Center, Flight Safety International Wichita USA and Pratt & Whitney Canada, Singapore Training Center. All engineers are given regular refresher course at the above training center. There are 25 technicians to assist in this Department.

We have workshop to carry out jobs like wheelbrake assembly, NDT, fuel nozzles and filters cleaning, battery shop etc. We carry out all private airlines NDT requirements, as our company is the only one qualified to carry out this job in Nepal. All our fuel nozzles and filters are cleaned through ultrasonic and electro sonic cleaners to remove dirt and carbon deposits. s

TOURISM

Bandipur an ideal getaway

T

he town of Bandipur has only recently come into the limelight

which, still today, defines the look and feel of the modern day

as a hill-resort after a 7 km vehicular road was constructed

Bandipur.

to connect it with the Kathmandu-Pokhara Prithivi Highway.

However the town began to lose its edge in the 1950s, when

Bandipur lies in Tanahu District, Gandaki zone in the Ma-

the eradication of malaria in the Terai made travel easier there.

habharat range at an altitude of 1030 m. It is 143 km to the west

In the 1960s, the district headquarters was moved from Bandi-

from Kathmandu and 80 km to the south of Pokhara, 62 k.m

pur to Damauli, and the completion of the Prithvi Highway in

to the north of Narayanghat and 8 km from Prithivi Highway's

1973 shifted commerce to Dumre.

Dumre Bazaar.

Bandipur was earlier settled on by the Magars but today, it

It was established as a funnelling point of trade by Newar

is the cultural mix of different ethnics and beliefs. The town now

traders fanned out from the Kathmandu valley after Prithvi Na-

is a concoction of various ethnicities like the Bahuns, the Chet-

rayan Shah conquered his would-be capital. Origi-

tris , the Newars, the Damis, Kamis, Sarkis, Kasais,

nally a simple Magar Village, it was settled in the

Magars and Gurungs.Bandipur is the ideal getaway

early nineteenth century by Newars from Bhak-

for those in quest of peace and solitude. Besides

tapur , who took advantage of its malaria free loca-

the gorgeous view of the central Himalaya and the

tion to develop it into an important stop along the

Marshyangdi Valley, there are a couple of peculiar

India-Tibet trade route. With them they brought

natural sights like limestone caves, an endless tun-

their rich cultural heritage and architecture and

nel and beautiful surrounding hills.s

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MISCELLANEOUS

Did You Know Does your blood type reveal your personality Blood Type

How many

& Rh

people have it

O+ O- A+ A- B+ B- AB+ AB-

40% 7% 34% 6% 8% 1% 3% 1%

According to a Japanese institute that does research on blood types, there are personality traits that seem to match up with certain blood types. How do you rate?

TYPE O : You want to be a leader, and when you see something you want, you keep striving until you achieve your goal. You are a trend-setter, loyal, passionate, and self-confident.

Your weaknesses include vanity and jealously and a tendency to be too competitive.

TYPE AB TYPE A : You like harmony, peace and organization. You work well with others, and are sensitive, patient and affectionate. Among your weaknesses are stubbornness and an inability to relax.

JOKES Junior had just received his brand new drivers license.

To celebrate, the whole family trooped out to the driveway and climbed into the car for his inaugural drive.

Dad immediately headed to the back seat, directly behind the newly minted driver. "I'll bet you're back there to get a change of scenery after all those months of sitting in the front passenger seat teaching me how to drive," said the beaming boy to his old man. "Nope," came dad's reply, "I'm gonna sit back here and kick the back of your seat while you drive, just like you have been doing to me for sixteen years." ***** A man went to apply for a job. After filling out all of his applications, he waited anxiously for the outcome. The employer read all his applications and said, "We have an

SATTE '06

The three- day international travel

TYPE B : You're a rugged individualist, who's straightforward and likes to do things your own way. Â Creative and flexible, you adapt easily to any situation. But your insistence on being independent can sometimes go too far and become a weakness.

Cool and controlled, you're generally well liked and always put people at ease. You're a natural entertainer who's tactful and fair. But you're standoffish, blunt, and have difficulty making decisions.

opening for people like you." "Oh, great," he said, "What is it?" "It's called the door!" ***** An elderly widow and widower were dating for about five years. The man finally decided to ask her to marry.

She immediately said "yes". The next morning when he awoke, he couldn't remember what her answer was!

"Was she happy? I think so, wait, no, she looked at me funny..." After about an hour of trying to remember to no avail he got on the telephone and gave her a call.

Embarrassed, he admitted that he didn't remember her answer to the marriage proposal. "Oh", she said, "I'm so glad you called. I remembered saying 'yes' to someone, but I couldn't remember who it was."

operators had participated from south Asia and Europe. Allmost 300 buyers visited

fair SATTE open world 2006 was held be-

the fair from 35 countries including Nepal.

tween 21st April to 23rd April '06 in Pragati

Buddha air was the only Nepalese airlines

Maidan, Delhi.The 13th SATTE fair was orga-

operator who has been participating every

nized by the cross section publication, and a

year and for this year Mr. Bishad Piya and

total of 300 sellers including tour operators,

Mr. Kausal Bhandari were lead the fair as

hotel, tourism service provider and Airlines

representative.

a'4

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Oct-Dec 2006

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Oct-Dec 2006

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Oct-Dec 2006

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5}g ls aLrdf b]lvg] afwf ® Jojwfgx¿ ku]N{ g ® ltgsf] pkrf® vf]Hg klg ;a}nfO{ ;xh l:ylt dfG5] :jf:gLdfG5] / :jf:gL dfG5] To;eGbf cl3 ®fHo clwsf®sf] d"n ;|ft] wd{ pTkGg x'g5 ] . ;a} kIf rfx] ;®sf®, ®fhgLlts nf]Ug] dfG5] aGg klg ;S5 === of wd{sf] cf8df ®fHo ug]{ ®fhf, dxf®fhf, kf6L{ of ljb|fx] L dfcf]jfbL g} lsg gx'g,\ ;a}n] x's'd eof] eg] d g} :jf:gLdfG5] ®hf}6fx¿df lglxt x'g] u®]sf] Oltxf; k9\g kfOG5 . t® kl5 Tof] dfGotfdf km]®abn eof] ® ®fi6« ® hgtfnfO{ s]Gb|laGb'df ®fv]® sfd ug]{ xf] eg] s'g} klg kIfaLr c;xdltsf] jftfj®0f h:tf] eOlbG5' . cfjZos k¥of] ®fHosf] zlQmsf jf:tljs ;|ft] hgtf x'g\ eGg] eg] ;f/L klg nufOlbG5' === g} ®x“bg} . ;d: of ;dfwfg ug{ g;lsg] ljifo dfGotf df}nfp“b} uPsf] cj:yf 5 . jf: tjdf g} x'b“ g} g\ . of] s'®f Jojxf®df ptf®]® c;nL lnlkli6s klg nufOlbG5' === .Ú hgtfeGbf 7"nf s]xL / sf]xL xf]Ogg\ eGg] ;j{: jLsfo{ dfGotf clxn] : yflkt ePsf] 5 . ®fi6«jfb sf];u“ 5 eGg] s'®fsf] k®LIf0f ug]{ a]nf ePsf] 5 . sf]–sf] of] k®LIf0fdf v®f] pqG5g\ eGg] s'®fsf] n]vfhf]vf ca g]kfnsf] Oltxf;df ®fi6«jfbsf] k|of]u @)!& ;fn k'; ! ut]af6 a9L g} gful®saf6 x'g' h?®L eO;s]sf] 5 ® x'G5 klg . k|of]udf cfof] . ®fhf dx]Gb|sf] ®fi6«jfbsf] xNnf ® Tolta]nfsf] sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf] ®fi6«jfbnfO{ x]g{] z}nLs} sf®0f ®fhf ® sDo'lg:6 sltko k|;u+ df glhs b]lvP . ®fi6« ® ®fi6«jfb Oltxf; kN6fpg] xf] eg] 8f= s]z®h+u ®fodfemLnufotsfx¿ sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ ] ug'n{ fO{ oxL dfGotfn] sfd u®]sf] dfGg ;lsG5 . ®fi6«jfbsf] cy{ vf]Hg ;a}eGbf klxn] ®fi6« s] xf] Tof] a'em\g' h?®L 5f]8®] k~rfotlt® k|jz 5 . zflAbs cy{ vf]Hg] xf] eg] ®fi6« eg]sf] hgtf, ;®sf® tyf ;fj{ef}d t® Tolta]nfsf] ®fi6«jfb ®fi6« ® hgtfsf] lxtdf s]lGb|teGbf klg ®fhfsf] ;Qf;DkGg ePsf] s'g} b]z jf d'ns ' xf] . clg bf];f| ] vfn] cy{ klg 5– …Ps} u'0fufg;“u ;DalGwt ®x]sf] k|:6 b]Vg ;lsG5 . g]kfnL sf+u;]| sf] dxfdGqL b]zsf Pp6} ;+:s[lt tyf cy{Joj:yfdf cfa4 ;d:t gful®s jf hgtfÚ eO;s]sf ® @)!% ;fnsf] cfdr'gfjkl5 aLkL sf]O®fnfsf] dlGqd08ndf ®fi6« eg]sf] Tof] xf] eg] …®fi6«jfbÚ eg]sf] s] xf] t < o;sf] zflAbs cy{ k®®fi6«dGqLsf] e"ldsf kfO;s]sf 8f= t'N;L lu®Lsf] Pp6f egfOaf6 klg :ki6 xf]– cfkm\gf] ®fi6«sf] pGglt ® lxtnfO{ ;jf]k{ ®L dfGg] l;4fGt jf ®fi6« ® x'G5– Tolta]nfsf] ®fi6«jfb oyfy{df ®fhfjfb lyof] . t®, ®fhfjfbL x'g' eg]sf] ®fli6«otfk|ltsf] ljz]if elQmefjgf . To;}u®L ®fi6«jfb eg]sf] dWoo'uLg ®fi6«jfbL x'g' xf] eGg] ts{ klg clxn] c;fGble{s l;4 eO;s]sf] 5 . ;fdGtL lg®+sz ' tfsf lj?4df ®fli6«o :jtGqtfsf] cfjfh p7]sf], k'h “ LjfbL df3 !(, @)^! kl5sf] ;®sf®df zlQmzfnL pkfWoIf ePsf lu®Ln] lrGtg jf ljrf® wf®fnfO{ klg hgfp“5 . ®, ®fi6«jfbL eg]sf] ®fi6«sf] dt g]kfnL sf+u; ]| sf g]tf ;"ok{ ; | fb pkfWofosf] >4f~hnL sfo{qmddf k~rfotsf] dfGg] cyf{t\ ®fi6«jfb;‘u ;DaGw ePsf] JolQm jf ;d"xnfO{ hgfp“5 . pQ®f4{lt® ®fli6«o ;efu[xsf] Ps sfo{qmddf eg]sf lyP– …®fhfaf6 x'sd' ®fi6«3ftL eg]sf] ®fi6«nfO{ 3ft ug]{ JolQm xf] . eof] eg] nf]Ug] dfG5] :jf:gLdfG5] ® :jf:gL dfG5] nf]Ug] dfG5] aGg klg

s]xL zflAbs cy{ /fi6«–

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@= dWoo'uLg ;fdGtL lg/+sz ' tfsf lj?4df /fli6«o :jtGqtfsf] cfjfh p7]sf] k'h “ LjfbL lrGtg jf ljrf/wf/f . /fi6«jfbL– /fi6«jfbsf] dt dfGg]. /fi6«jfb;“u ;DaGw ePsf] . /fi6«3fts– /fi6«sf] xTof jf 7"nf] xflg x'g] sfd ug]{ /fi6«3ftL– /fi6«sf] xTof/f], /fi6«3fts /fi6«gfos– s'g} /fi6«sf] k|dv ' g]tf /fi6«efiff– /fi6«sf ax';V+ os hgtfn] af]Ng], Jojxf/ ug]{ / ;/sf/L c8\8fvfgfdf

a'4

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Oct-Dec 2006

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hgtf ;“u;“u} /fli6«otf /fli6«otfsf] ;+/If0fsf nflu cl3 a9fOg] Yof]/} L cyf{t /fi6«jfb ;a}n] cfkmg} lx;fan] JofVof u/]sf 5g\ . s'/f hl6n klg 5 . xfdLn] klg o;kfnL oxL ljifonfO{ p7fPsf 5f++} . xfdL;“u 5nkmndf ;xefuL dxfg'efjx?n] klg cfcfk\mg} tl/sfn] s'/f p7fpg'ePsf] 5 cfcfk\mgf] sf]0faf6 . ;du|df pxf“x? ;a}n] hf]8\ g'ePsf] 5 hgtfsf] s'/f . cyf{t\ /fi6«, /fli6«otf, /fi6«jfb clg hgtf k/:k/ ;DalGwt s'/f 5g\ . nf]stGq gePsf] /fHo Joj:yfdf hgtf lsgf/f nfU5 To;}n] Toxf“ /fi6«jfb x'b“ g} eGg] ;a}sf] ;fd"lxs ts{ 5 . k|:t't 5 pxf“x?sf af“sL ts{x?—

cfTdansf] sdLn] / fli6«otfdf ;+s6 n

bLgfgfy zdf{,g]tf g]skf –-dfcf]jfbL_

clxn] g]kfnsf] /fi6«jfb egf}+ of / fli6«otf ;+s6df k/]sf] 5 . hgtf o;af/]df ;r]t geOsg s]xL klg x'b“ g} . xfdL o; ljifodf hgtfnfO{ ;r]t agfpg] k|lqmofdf cl3 al9/x]sf 5f}+ . g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ sf] kl5Nnf] s]Gb|Lo sld6Lsf] a}7sdf klg zflGt k|lqmof / /fli6«otfsf] ljifonfO{ ;“u;“u} nUg] lg0f{o u/]sf 5f}+ . ;/sf/ cfTd;dk{0fjfbL ePsf sf/0f ljb]zL /fhb"tx¿ g]kfnL ;]gfsf] Jof/]sdf bnan;lxt rxfbf{ klg df}g /x]sf] 5 . hals xfdL g]kfnLn] g} Aof/]sleq s] 5 eGg] s'/f x]g{ kfPsf 5}gf}+ . t/ ljb]zL /fhb"tx¿ b]zsf /IffdGqLh:tf] bnan;lxt Aof/]s e|d0f ul/ / xs ] f 5g\ . ;/sf/ df}g a;]sf] 5 . of] g]kfn / g]kfnLsf nflu nfhdbf]{ s'/f xf] . pgLx¿sf

klg ;Ldf 5g\ . /fHo ;~rfng ug]x{ ¿;“u cfTdljZjf; gePsf sf/0fn] g} o: tf] ePsf] xf] . /fHo ;+oGq e|i6 ePsf sf/ 0fn] g} b]zdf ljb]zL tTjn] h]h:tf lqmofsnfk ubf{ klg pgLx¿ df}g a;]sf x'g\ . ca hgtf gaf]nLsg s]xL klg x'gj] fnf 5|g} . b]znfO{ s'g af6f]df 8f]¥ofpg] eGg] s'/f g]kfnLx¿d} lge{/ s'/ f xf] . t/ cfk\mgf] cfTdandf ePsf] sdhf]/Lsf] sf/0fn] g} ;Qf;Lgx¿n] k|i6 s'/f /fVg ;s]sf 5}gg\ . ;/sf/nfO{ cfkm\gf] st{Jo ;Demfpg / /fli6«otfdfly cfOk/]sf] ;+s6 6fg{sf nflu ca xfdL hgtfnfO{ hfu?s agfpg h'6s ] f 5f}+ . hgtfn] kx/]bf/sf] e"ldsf v]nk] l5 s;}n] s]xL ug{ ;Sb}g . /fi6«jfb cyf{t /fli6«otfsf] ;+/If0f ug{ ca hgtf g} cl3 ;g'{ kb{5 . a]nd} f o;tkm{ Wofg glbP kl5 l9nf] x'g ;S5 .

klxrfgsf] k|rf/ n

s]zj/fh emf, jl/i7 s"6gLlt1

/fi6«jfb eg]sf] s"6gLlts tl/sfn] a'em\bf /fi6«sf] klxrfgnfO{ cGt/f{li6«o hut\df k|rf/ k|;f/ ug'{ klg xf] . t/ xfdLsxf“af6 ljb]zdf /fhb"t lgo'Qm eP/ hfg] JolQmx¿n] To;f] ug{ ;s]sf] kfOPsf] 5}g . /fhb"tx¿ vfln cfkm\gf 5f]/ f5f]/L cfkmGtnfO{ s;/L Toxf“ nUg] sxf“ hflu/ v'jfpg], kfP cfkm}n “ ] csf]{ hflu/ vfg] ls eGg] s'/fdf g} s]lGb|t x'g] u/]sf] ;d]t kfOPsf] 5 . xfd|f] b]zsf] cGt/ fl{ i6«o hut\df klxrfg eg]sf] /fhtGqeGbf klg xfd|f k|fs[lts / ;f+:s[lts ;Dkbf x'g\ . h: tf] ;u/dfyf, eujfg\ uf}td a'4sf] hGd: yn n'lDagLnufotsf s'/fx¿ xfd|f ;Dkbf x'g \ . ;f+: sl[ ts ;DkbfnfO{ /fi6«;3+ Lo z}lIfs, j}1flgs tyf ;f+:s[lts ;+u7g o'g:] sf]n] dxTj lbP/ ;Dkbf ;"rLdf /fv]sf] 5 . ljb]zdf /x]sf g]kfnsf /fhb"t eg]sf b]zsf k|ltlglw x'g\ . pgLx¿n] /fd|f; ] u“ tL ;Dkbfx¿sf] k|rf/k|;f/ ug'k{ 5{ . o;afx]s b]zsf] g]tT[ jn] klg Psbd} xf]l;of/ x'gk' 5{ . ljb]zL /fhb"tx¿sf ;fgfltgf efif0fdf hyfefjL g]tT[ j k+lQmaf6 g} l6Kk0fL ug'{ eg]sf] g]tT[ j k+lQmsf] sb 36fpg] sfd xf] . a? cfkm\gf] pko'qm ;+oGq k|of]u u/]/ ltgnfO{ lrQ a'emfpg'k5{ .

æhgtf / b]zsf] lxt M /fi6«jfbÆ gf/fo0fs[i0f Gx'R5] k|wfg –;e]{ OlGhlgo/÷;Ldfljb\ n

/fi6«jfb, /fli6«otf jf h];'s} eGg'xf];\ o;n] hgrfxgfsf] sb/ / ef}uf]lns ;Ldfsf] /Iff b'j} s'/fnfO{ hgfp“5 . oL k/:k/ ;DalGwt s'/f x'g\ . /fi6«jfbL x'g' eg]sf] /fhfjfbL x'g' xf] eGg] s'/f unt xf] . hgtfn] uf“;, af;, skf; kfpg'k5{ . ;fy;fy} uf“;, af; / skf;sf nflu Pp6f lglZrt e"uf]nsf] klg cfjZostf x'G5 . uf“;, af;, skf; pknAw u/fpg] eg]sf] wtL{ dftfn] xf]. wtL{ eg]sf] /fi6« xf] . o;nfO{ o;/L a'em\g'k5{ . hgrfxgfcg' ¿ k rNg jf ef}uf]lns /Iffsf nflu ;/sf/df /x]sf] dfG5] jf ;/sf/L sfof{nodf x'g] dfG5] lj1 -PS;k6{_ x'g'k5{ . To;f] ePdf dfq} /fli6«o lxt x'G5 . o;n] g} /fi6«jfb egf}+ of /fli6«otfsf] ljsf; x'G5 .

ofqf;“u

klxrfg / /fi6«jfb n

k|sfz P= /fh, jl/i7 n]vs

b]zsf] klxrfg u'Dg] l:ylt x'g' eg]sf] /fi6«jfb sdhf]/ x'g,] /fli6«otf sdhf]/ x'g] l:ylt xf] . xfdLn] Oltxf;nfO{ la;{ g ] k| o f; klg ug'{x'Gg . xfdL @ ;o #& jif{sf] / fhtGqnfO{ k" / } unt eGg yfn]sf 5f} + . of] kl/kf6L klg /fd|f] xf]Og . k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxn] g]kfnsf] PsLs/0f a'4

ofqf

Oct-Dec 2006

cfj/0f

gu/]sf] eP g]kfn ;;fgf /fHodf g} ljeQm eO/xGYof] xf]nf . To:tf] ePsf] eP ef/ tn] ;fob plxNo} vfO;Sg] lyof] . To;} n ] k[YjLgf/ fo0f zfxn] /fd|} sfd u/]sf x'g\ .

To;}n] xfdL cfkm\gf] 5'§} klxrfg lnP/ a: g ;s]sf 5f}+ . /f0ffsf] !)$ jif]{ zf;g klg k"0f{¿kdf unt g} lyof] eGg] ;ls“bg} . lsgls /f0ff k|wfgdGqL h+uaxfb'/n] af“s], alb{of, s}nfnL / s~rgk'/;d]tsf gof“ d'ns ' g]kfndf NofPsf 5g\ . of] t /fd|} sfd ePsf] 5 . o;nfO{ unt eGg ldNb}g . clxn] g]kfnsf] klxrfg ;u/dfyfsf] b]z, eujfg\ uf}td a'4 hGd]sf] b]z, y'k|} ljZj;Dkbf ePsf] b]z, dfcf]jfbL åGå ePsf] b]z, xfn} hgcfGbf]ng ePsf] b]zsf ¿kdf 5 . o;cl3 ljZjs} …lxGb' clw/fHoÚ eGg] klxrfg /x]sf]df clxn] Tof] klxrfg ;+s6df 5 . s'g} klg klxrfg u'Dg] l:ylt eof] eg] g]kfn ef/t of cGo s'g} /fi6«eGbf s] cy{df km/s eof] / < oBlk d'n'ssf] klxrfg x/avt Pp6} x'g] s'/f xf]Og . of] ;docg';f/ abln“b} hfG5 . klxrfg km]l/g' eg]sf] /fd|f] s'/f klg x'G5 . h: tf] clxn] nf]stflGqs cj:yf cfPsf] 5, Tof] ljrf/sf b[li6n] /fd|f] kl/jt{g xf] . csf{tkm{ /fhfjfbL x'g' / /fi6«jfbL x'g' eg]sf] Pp6} xf] eGg] unt wf/0ff klg 5 t/ Tof] xf]Og . s'g} klg g]kfnL /fhfjfbL geOsg /fi6«jfbL dfq} klg x'g;S5 .

— ;+jfb

/fhfjfbL / /fi6«jfbL Pp6} xf]Og bLKt k|sfz zfx k"j; { f+;b tyf k"j{ ;}lgs clwsf/L n

g] k fnsf] :yfkgf sfnb]lv g} /fi6«jfbsf] gf/fnfO{ w]/}n] pkof]u ug{ vf] h ] s f] kfOG5 . t/ /f0ff k|wfgdGqL jL/ zdz]/sf] kfnfb]lv emG8} /fhf dx]Gb|sf] @)!& ;fnsf] sbd;Dd /fi6«jfb 5fofdf k/]sf] xf] ls eg]em}+ b]lvof] . /fhf dx]Gb|n] /fi6«jfbs} gf/f lbP/ zf;g lnP . t/ aLkL sf]O/fnfn] klg /fi6«jfbsf ;Gbe{df bla{nf] c8fg /fv]sf x'g \ . ef/tsf tTsfnLg k|wfgdGqL hjfx/nfn g]x¿n] g]kfnsf] ;'/Iffsf] lhDdf cfkm\gf] klg ePsf] pNn]v ubf{ aLkLn] cfnf]rgf u/]sf lyP . aLkLsf] cfnf]rgfkl5 g]x¿n] klg cfkm\gf] egfO ;RofPsf lyP . a'4

ofqf

Oct-Dec 2006

/fi6«jfbL x'g' eg]sf] /fhfjfbL x'g' eGg] egfO unt xf] . t/ /fhf jL/]Gb|n] k~rfot kmfn]/ ax'bn :jLsf5'{ t/ /fi6«3ft x'g lbGg eg]/ @)$^ ;fndf h'g sbd rflnaS: of] To;n] ubf{ /fhfk|lt hgtfsf] cfzf knfPsf] xf] . t/fO{sf gful/snfO{ gful/stf lb“bf / fi6«3ft x'G5 eGg] ts{ klg unt xf] . kxf8]sf] t'ngfdf pgLx¿ cem /fi6«jfbL 5g\ . lsgls ;':tf, dx]Gb|gu/ If]qsf t/fO{jf;Ln] cfkm\gf] e"ldsf] /Iff gu/]sf] eP plxNo} ef/tn] ldlr;SYof] . t/ ts{ olt xf]– cgful/snfO{ gful/stf lbg'x'Gg . gful/s 5'6\g'x'Gg .

/fi6«jfbLsf tLg ;"q

u0f]z zfx, jfdkGyL g]tf cGw /fi6«jfb b]zsf] lxtdf x'“b}g . …Pp6} hflt Pp6} e]ifÚ eGg] vfnsf] /fi6«jfb d'7Le/sf JolQmx?sf]] xf] . To;/L /fi6«jfb alnof] x'“b}g . xfd|f] ljrf/df /fi6«jfb eg]sf] hgtfnfO{ alnof] kfg'{ xf] . hgtf alnof] eP eg] nf]stGq alnof] eof] eg] /fi6«jfb klg cfkm}“ alnof] x'G5 . d"ne"t tLg j6f s'/f eof] eg] /fi6«jfb alnof] x'G5 . != e"lddfly hgtfsf] clwsf/ :yflkt x'g'k5{ . @= c;dfg ahf/ Joj:yfsf] cGTo x'g'k5{ cyf{t\ hgtfn] g'g, skf; / t]n jf uf“;, af;, skf;sf] ;'ne 9+un] pkef]u ug{ kfpg'k5{ . #= gful/stfsf] k|df0fkq kfpg'k5{ . oL tLg j6f s'/f eP eg] hgtfnfO{ b]zk|lt dfof a9\5 . b]zk|lt dfof a9\g' eg]sf] /fi6«jfb alnof] x'g' xf] . clxn] @@ k|ltzt g]kfnL hgtf e"ldxLg /x]sf 5g\ . t/ e"lddflysf] clws :jfldTj ;fdGt ju{df /x“b} cfPsf] 5 . To;}n] ;j{;fwf/0f dflg;df g}/fZotf pTkGg u/fPsf] 5 . of] l:ylt cfpg lbg'xb“' g} . o;tkm{ /fHon] ;f]Rg'k5{ . t/ s]jn lg/+s'ztfnfO{ alnof] kfg]{ gfddf /fi6«jfbsf n

s'/f ul/G5 of ef/t lj/f]wnfO{ dfq /fi6«jfb elgG5 eg] Tof] cGw /fi6«jfb xf] . To;n] b]zsf] enf] rfxg]eGbf klg ;Lldt ju{sf] enf] dfq} rfx]sf] x'G5 . ef/tsf] lj/f]w ug'{ x'Gg eg]sf] xf]Og, unt sfd ePsf] 5 eg] ug'{k5{ t/ ehfpg] lx;fan] dfq} ug'{x'Gg .

nf]stGq / /fi6«jfb

n

uf]s0f{/fh lji6 ;f+;b tyf k|/fo' ;+3sf cWoIf nf]stGq ;“u;“u} /fli6«otfsf] d'2f klg alnof] x'G5 . dtna nf]stGq / / fi6«jfb eg]sf kl/k"/s s'/f x'g\ . nf]stGqdf hgtfsf] ;xf/fn] g} /fi6«jfbsf s'/f p7fpg] sfd x'G5 . k|hftflGqs kl/kf6Ldf /fi6«jfb sdhf]/ eof] eGg] s'/f s;}n] u5{ eg] Tof] ;/f;/ unt s'/f xf] . xfdLn] clxn] klg ;+;b\df 8'afg ;d:ofaf/]df s'/f p7fPsf 5f}+ . t/ d'n's clxn] ;+qmd0f sfndf ePsf] / zflGtsf s'/fdf a9L k|fyldstf lbg'k/]sfn] hlt /fli6«otfsf af/]df s'/f p7fpg'kg]{ xf], Tolt p7fpg g;lsPsf] x'g ;S5 . t/ xfdLn] p7fpg 5f]8]sf 5}gf}+ . g]kfndf k|hftGqsf] ckx/0f / fi6«jfbs} s'/f p7fP/ x'g] u/]sf] s'/f ;f“rf] xf] . @)!& ;fndf To:t} eof] / c;f]h !* jf df3 !( df klg Ps xb;Dd To:t} ePsf] 5 . t/ /fi6«jfbsf] gf/f prfn]/ b/af/n] k|hftGq ckx/0f ug]{ sfd u/] klg Tolt a]nf y'k|} /fi6«3ftL sfd ePsf pbfx/0f xfdL;“u 5g\ . csf{tkm{ gful/stf u}/g]kfnLnfO{ af“8\g nfluof] eg]/;d]t cf/f]k nufpg] ul/Psf] 5 . of] ;/f;/ unt s'/f xf] . jf:tljs gful/sn] gful/stf kfpgaf6 jl~rt x'g gk/f];\ / u}/g]kfnLn] gful/stf gkfpg\ eGg] s'/fdf xfdL ;r]t 5f}+ . ;+;b\ u}/g]kfnLn] gful/stf kfpg] vfnsf s'g} l5b| af“sL g/fVg lqmofzLn 5 . s

cfj/0f ;S5 === x'sd' eof] eg] d g} :jf:gLdfG5] h:tf] eOlbG5' . cfjZos k¥of] eg] ;f®L klg nufOlbG5' === lnlkli6s klg nufOlbG5' === .Ú xf], oyfy{df ®fi6«jfbsf] :j¿k Tolt a]nf o:t} lyof] . gq ®fi6«jfbL elgPs} k~rfotsf] ;dodf cem egf}+ ®fhf dx]Gb|n] k|ToIf zf;g ;~rfng u®]sf] ;dodf g]kfnL e"efu sfnfkfgL u'ds ] f] 5 . cem} klg Tof] ;d:of g]kfnLsf nflu 6fpsf] b'vfOsf] ljifo eO®x]sf] 5 . hgtfsf] k|ultsf s'®f ug]{ xf] eg] Tolt a]nb} l] vsf] k|efjn] g]kfnL hgtf clxn] ljZjs} ljkGg ®fi6«sf hgtfsf] ;"rLdf kl®®x]sf 5g\ . ®fhf dx]Gb|sf] @)!& ;fn k'; ! ut]sf] sbdcl3 ®f0ffsfn egf}+ jf Tof]eGbf cl3 klg g]kfnsf] ltAat, rLg, la|l6;–OlG8of;“u k6s–k6s n8fO“ ePsf lyP . Tolta]nf klg ®fi6«jfb cl:tTjdf lyPg eGg ldNb}g . t® Tolta]nfsf] ®fi6«jfb g]kfnsf] ;Ldfsf] ;'®Iff of cem la:tf®;“u ;DalGwt ®x]sf] lyof] . y'k}| jL®of]4fx¿n] n8]® g]kfnL e"efusf] el®;So ;+®If0f u®] ® slxNo} k®fwLg x'g lbPgg\ . t® klxn] ® clxn]sf ®fi6«jfbsf kl®efiff ablnPsf 5g\ . xf], ;Ldf ;'®Iff clxn] klg ug'k{ nf{ t® ®fhelQm g} dfq} ®fi6«jfb xf]Og . ®fi6«jfb Tof] xf]– b]zsf] ;du|df lxt ug',{ ljsf; ug'{ ® ;“u;“u} hgtfsf] hLjg : t®sf] ljsf; ug' { . df3 !(, @)^! kl5 s]xL ;do ®fi6«jfbsf] gf®f 3GsfOP klg Tolta]nf klg ®fi6«jfb eg]sf] ®fhelQm eGg] cy{ nufOof] . ;+;b\jfbL bnx¿ ;x/ df ® dfcf]jfbL h+undf nl8®x]sf a]nf ®fhelQmsf] ®fi6«jfb lgZro klg a]df};dsf] afhf l;4 x'g k'Uof] . kl®0fdtM hgcfGbf]ng @ eof] ® a}zfv !!, @)^# df k|ltlglw;ef k'g:yf{kgf ug'k{ ¥of] . k|ltlglw;efsf] k'g:yf{kgf k"0f{tf geP klg Pp6f k|:yfglaGb' cjZo xf] . nIodf k'Ug cem} w]®} lx+8g\ ' h?®L 5 . h;®L lx/f]l;df ® gfuf;fsLdf vt®gfs lgolt ef]Ug'k®]sf] hfkfg z"Goaf6 p7]® k|ultsf] lzv®df k'us ] f] 5– of] klg ®fi6«jfbsf] kl®0ffdn] xf] eGbf cTo'lQm x'b“ g} . cyf{t\ hfkfgLx¿n] Ov lnP® hfkfgnfO{ clxn]sf] l:yltdf k'¥ofpg ;kmntf k|fKt u®] . 6f9f hfg} kb}g{ ®fi6«jfbs} gf®faf6 hgtfsf] ;fy lnO{ dxfTdf ufGwLn] ef®taf6 Tolt a]nfsf ;j{zlQmdfg c+uh ]| nfO{ wkfpg] ;kmntf kfP . x'g t clxn] Unf]anfOh];gsf] gf®fcl3 al9®x]sf] a]nf ®fi6«afb Pp6f ;f“3®' f] dfgl;stfsf ¿kdf ;d]t w]®n } ] lng] u®]sf 5g\ t® oxL g} oyfy{tf lgZro g} xf]Og . ljZj;“u ;DaGw ®fVg'k5{ of] s'®f s;}n] gsfg{ ;Sb}g . olt x'b“ fx'b“ } klg cfkm\gf] b]znfO{ s;®L k|ult kydf k'¥ofpg] hgtfnfO{ s;®L ;'v zflGt lbg] eGg] s'®fdf ;a}sf] Wofg s]lGb|t x'gk' 5{ . c;nL ®fi6«jfb klg ToxL g} x'g;S5 . s]jn ;Ldf ;'®Iff ®fi6«jfb xf]Og . csf{tkm{ ef®tsf] lj®f]w;“u hf]l8Psf] ®fi6«jfbsf] klg rrf{ x'g] u®]sf] 5 . ;QFdf ®x“bf ToxL JolQm ®fi6«3ftL x'G5 eg] ;Qfaflx/ k'Ubf pxL JolQm ®fi6«jfbL eP® b]lvg] u®]sf] 5 . of] bf]xf]®f] dfkb08 g} jf:tjdf ®fi6« ® hgtfsf] lxt lj®f]wL kIf x'g \ . ljutdf sof}+ k6s ®Tgkfs{sf ®]lnË ®fli6«otfsf] gfddf ef“lrPsf 5g\ 6gsk'® sfG8h:tf s'®fn] . 6gsk'® sf08df h;n] ®]lnË ef“rk] l5 tL ;d]tn] clxn];Dd cnkq k®]sf] dxfsfnL ;lGwdf eg] ;xdlt hgfP .

6gsk'® of dxfsfnL ;lGwdf h]–h:tf] eof], h;®L sfof{Gjogdf c: ki6tf b]lvP Tof] ;lGw ubf{sf] q'l6n] ubf{ g} xf] . xfdLdf To; ljifodf oyfy{ 1fg lyof], xfdL lj1 lyof}+ ® csf]{ kIfnfO{ slGeG; ug{ ;s]sf]

Raju Auto Spare parts centre Baneswor, Kathmandu, Tel: 4494728, Fax: 4467233

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Line of Business: Vehicle Spare Parts Contact Person: Raju Khadagi

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Oct-Dec 2006

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Oct-Dec 2006

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ænf]stGq sxf“ cfOk'Uof] <Æ s

:tf] 5 xfnva® < k|Zgsf] hjfkm tTsfn} pgn] lbP —s] x'g' xh'/ sGtljhf]u 5 . ®fd|f] eGg] g} s]xL 5}g . pgL cyf{t\ gjnk®f;L lhNnfaf6 & jif{cl3 sf7df8f}+ cfP® a;]sf l;sGb/ kTy/s§f . pgL uf]u+ a'sf] ;8s5]pdf g} l;nf}6f] agfP® a:5g\ . 9'u+ f sxf“af6 cfp“5 < hjfkmdf eg]– gjnk®f;Lb]lv uf8Ldf xfn]® Nofp“5 ' . …Pp6f 9'u+ fsf] !) ?lkof“;Dd k5{ oxf“ NofP® ;fgf] l;nf}6f] ! ;o !) ;Dd ® 7"nf] ! ;o $) ?k}of ;Dddf a]R5' .Ú o;n] wfG5 t < of] k|Zgsf] hjfkmdf Ps hgf >LdtL ® ;fgf] 5f]®f;d]t kfn 6f“u®] ;8s5]pdf a;]sf pgn] eg]– sxf“ k'Ug' xh'® < la®fdL–l;®fdL eOof] eg] t dl®G5 . pgL t®fO{ d"nsf eP klg @) lbg nufP® g} ;xL gful®stf;Dd rflx“ agfpg EofPsf 5g\ . b]zn] s]xL u®]sf] 5 tkfO{n + fO{ < hjfkmdf pgn] eg]– gful®stf lbPsf] 5 . o;}u®L eP klg sfd ug{ kfOPsf] 5 . ;®sf®;“u rflx“ pgsf] b'v; ] f] 5– …;®sf® vfln wDSofp“5 .Ú pgn] ;®sf® eg]® k|x/LnfO{ a'em]sf ®x]5g\ . eGb} lyP– slxn] cfP® l;nf}6f] g} nlulbG5g\ . dxfgu®kflnsfn] ;d]t o:t} b'Mv lbg] u®]sf] pgsf] egfO 5 .

b]zdf nf]stGq cfof] lg, nf]stGqaf/] yfxf 5 tkfO{+nfO{ < pgn] cfZro{ dfg]/ eg]– …P xf] / xh'/ ,sxf“af6 cfPsf] < s] u5{ To;n], sxf“ cfOk'Uof] < sf]7fdf ga;]® lsg ;8sdf kfn xfn]® a;]sf] t < pgn] eg]– sf]7fdf a:g t k};f sxf“ k'U5 ® xh'® π emG8} $) jif{ k'us ] f h:tf b]lvg] pgnfO{ pd]®af®] ;f]Wbf hjfkm lbP– d @* jif{ k'u+] t® gful®stfdf @# jif{ dfq} n]lvPsf] 5 . pgsL >LdtL >Ldfg\ ukm u®]® al;®x“bf glhs} a;]® ;'lg®x]sL lyOg\ . elgg\– nf}g xh'® s]xL ulb{gk' ¥of] . l;sGb/n] ;8sd} a;]® eP klg Pp6f 5f]®f ® 5f]®LnfO{ gjnk®f;Ls} Pp6f ;®sf®L ljBfnodf k9fO®x]sf] atfP . a'4

ofqf

Oct-Dec 2006

b]zdf nf]stGq cfof] lg, nf]stGqaf®] yfxf 5 tkfO{n + fO{ < pgn] cfZro{ dfg]® eg]– …xf] ® xh'® sxf“af6 cfPsf] < s] u5{ To;n] <Ú sxf“ cfOk'Uof] < dtna nf]stGq eg]sf] s] xf] eGg]af®]df pgnfO{ s]xL kQf] ®x]g5 . nf]stGq cfPsf] s]xL dlxgf eO;s]sfn] s]xL dlxgfcl3 ® kl5sf] hghLjgdf s'g} cGt® cfPsf] 5 ls eGg] lh1f;fdf pgn] JolQmut hLjgdf s'g] cGt® gcfPsf] t® ufp“df emu8f, n8fO“ klxnfsf] h:tf] g®x]sf] cfkm"n] yfxf kfPsf] atfP . ;®sf®;“u s'g} ck]IFf 5 eGg] lh1f;fdf pgn] eg] zflGt;“u a:g kfP x'GYof] . l;sGb/ Pp6f To:tf] k|ltlglw kfq x'g\ pgLh:tf y'k}| g]kfnL gful®s 5g\ . h;n] nf]stGq cfof] eGbf sxf“ cfOk'Uof], sxf“af6 cfof] eGg] k|Zg ®fV5g\ . lhGbuLdf s'g} kl®jt{g cfPsf] dx;'; ug{ kfPsf x}gg\ . oL ® oL h:tf cfdg]kfnLsf] lxtsf nflu ;®sf® ® ®fHon] s] u5{ t < of] k|Zg cxd\ ag]® plePsf] 5 . pQ® vf]Hg l9nf] ef] eg] ef]ln lj: kmf]6s l:ylt cfpg ;S5 . h] eP klg pgdf klg ®fi6«jfb 5 . ®fi6«sf] dfof 5 . pgs} zAbdf eGbf ®fi6«n] h]–h:t} eP klg cf>o lbPsf] 5 . lhGbuLdf cfzf hufOlbPsf] 5 ® g} pgL sf7df8f}s + f] sGtljhf]u ku]N{ b} 5f]®f5f]®LnfO{ ;®sf®L :s'n g} ;xL ufp“df k9fP® ®fd|f] ;kgf a'lg®x]sf 5g\ . pgL h:tfnfO{ yf]®} dfq ;®sf®n] e®y]u ul®lbg] xf] eg] pgLx¿ lhGbuLk|lt cfzf a9fpg ;S5g\ To;n] d'ns ' sf] ;du| ljsf;df lgZro klg d2t ug]5 { . xf], Pp6f cfdg]kfnLsf] ceLi6 xf]– b'O{ 5fs vfg kfOof];,\ a: gsf nflu Pp6f cf>o xf]; \ . 5f]®f5f]®Lsf] lzIff, bLIff lbg kfOof]; \ . d'ns ' df zflGt 5fcf]; \ .s .. ;/f]h rfln;]

;fdflhs ;]jf

;fgf ls;fg / ;fA; kl/of]hgf .. nf]s]Gb| sfsL{

;f

gf ls;fgsf] jfx'Notf ®x]sf] g]kfnL s[lif If]qdf b'O{ x]S6®eGbf sd e"–:jfldTj ePsf s[ifsx¿ sl®a (@ k|ltzt ®x]sf 5g\ . h;sf] s'n s[lif e"ldsf] ^( k|ltzt dfq e":jfldTj ®x]sf] 5 . oL ;fgf s[ifsx¿sf] k|fljlws ;'ljwf, s[lif ;fdu|L, C0f ® ahf®;Ddsf] kx“r ' sd ®x]sf] 5 . csf{tkm{ s[lif pkhsf] ahf®df w]®} dWo: tstf{sf] ;+nUgtfn] ubf{ s[ifsx¿n] sd d"Nodf cfkm\gf] pTkfbg a]Rg' kl®®x]sf] oyfy{ ®x]sf] 5 . o;sf] cnfjf g]kfnL s[lif pTkfbgsf] ahf®df cGt®f{li6«o pTkfbg;“usf] k|lt:kwf{ tLj|;u“ al9®x]sf] 5 . oL cj:yfsf] sf®0fn] sd pTkfbsTj ® sd jf z"Go jrtrqmsf] l;h{gf x'g k'us ] f] 5 . h;sf] kmn:j¿k ul®a s[ifs emg\ a9L ul®jLsf] b':rqmdf k®]sf 5g\ . log} ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg ug{ a'4 Po®n] cfkm\gf] ;+:yfut ;fdflhs bfloTjsf] ¿kdf lnO{ ;fd'bflos ljsf; tyf cg';Gwfg s]Gb| -l;l8cf®;L_ nfO{ ;fgf ls;fg s[lif Joj;fo ;xfotf -;fA;_ kl®of]hgf ;~Rffng ug{ cfly{s ;xof]u u®]sf] 5 . hgj®L @))% b]lv df]®ªsf] 6+lsl;gjf®L ® xflQd'8f uflj;df ;~rfng ul®Psf]] pSt kl®of]hgfsf ultljlwx¿ lgDg ®x]sf 5g\ .

a'4

ofqf

Oct-Dec 2006

;fdflhs ;]jf ls;fgn] b]vfP ;+u7gsf] an

;xeflutf / 3/w'/L

kl®of]hgfn] # ;o %! 3®w'®L e"ldxLg, l;dfGt ® ;fgf ls;fgnfO{ k|ToIf ¿kdf kmfObf k'¥ofp“b} cfPsf] 5 . If]q, hft, hg;+Vof, z}lIfs: t®, cfly{s :t® cflbnfO{ cfwf® dfgL !$ j6f ;d"x u7g ul®Psf] 5 h;dWo] dlxnf, k'?if ® ldl>t ;d"xsf] ;+Vof qmdzM !, ! ® !@ ®x]sf] 5 . ;®b® kfl®jfl®s cfsf®nfO{ x]bf{ @ xhf® ! ;o ^ hgfnfO{ kmfObf k'us ] f] b]lvG5 . s'n ;b:osf] $& k|ltzt dlxnf ®x]sf 5g\ eg] af“sL %# k|ltzt k'?if ®x]sf 5g\ . HfftLotfsf] cfwf®df x]bf{ yf? ;j}eGbf a9L #^ k|ltzt ®x]sf 5g\ . oL ;j} !$ j6} ;d"xnfO{ xfn 6+lsl;gjf®L s[lif–pkh ahf® Joj:yfkg ;xsf®L ;+:yf ln=cGtu{t ;+ul7t ul®Psf] 5 .

k|ljlw k|;f/0f / u|x0f

;j} 3®w'®LnfO{ wfg, ux',“ t®sf®L v]tL, ;fgf kz'kfng, ahf® Joj:yfkg tflnd tyf k|fljlws ;'ljwf pknAw u®fOPsf] 5 h;n] ubf{ k'®fgf k®Dk®fut v]tL k|0ffnLnfO{ cfw'lgs v]tL k|0fnLn] lj:yflkt ug{ yfn]sf] 5 . pTkfbgdf k|ljlw afx]s df6f] Joj:yfkg, afnL ;+®If0fsf kIfdf klg Wofg lbOPsf] 5 . nlIft ju{n] Wffg, ux“,' d'u afnLx¿sf] pGgt k|ljlwåf®f v]tL u®L pTkfbgdf j[l4 ePsf] 5 . wfg, ux'“ ® d'usf] pTkfbg cfwf®®]vf c+s qmdzM @ bzdna @, ! bzdna @ ® z"Go bzdna % 6g k|ltx]S6®af6 a9]® $ bzdna $!, # bzdna ^ ® ! bzdna @ 6g k|lt x]S6® k'us ] f] 5 . o;}u®L t®sf®L v]tL a'4

ofqf

Oct-Dec 2006

;fgf kz'kfngsf] If]q ® ;+Vofdf pNn]vgLo j[l4 ePsf] b]lvG5 .

;xeflutfd"ns cg';Gwfg

k|ljlw lgdf{0f ® k|;f®df s[ifsx¿sf] ;s[o ;xeflutfdf wfg tyf ux“' afnLsf ljleGg gof“ ® k'®fgf hftx¿nfO{ k®LIf0f tyf d"Nofª\sg ul®+b} cfPsf] 5 . o;n] xfn cfkm"n] k|of]u u®]sf hft, pGgt hft ® kfOk nfOgdf ®x]sf hftx¿sf] t'ngfTds cWoog u®L cfk\mgf] If]qdf slQsf] ®fd|f] x'g ;S5 eGg] hfgsf®L kfpg ;s]sf 5g\ . :yfgLo hft;“u t'nGffTds ¿kdf wfgafnL lj=lk=cfO{ #—@ -ldlynf_ ® jif]{ @)!$ ;j}eGbf pTs[i6 b]lvPsf lyP eg] ux'“ afnLdf ul®Psf]

v]tLsf] d'Vo l;hgdf ahf®df ®f;folgs dnsf]] cefj ePsf] ® sd u'0f: t®Lo dn cfsflzPsf] efpdf lsGg'kg]{ afWotf l;h{gf EfPsfn] k|wfgDfGqL lul®hfk|;fb sf]O®fnf ut ;fpg #) ut] lj®f6gu® hf“bf ;fgf ls;fgx¿n] lj®f]w k|bz{g u®]sf lyP . ;fd'bflos ljsf; tyf cg';Gwfg s]Gb| -l;l8cf®;L_ sf] k|fljlws ;xof]udf ul7t 6+lsl;gjf®L s[lif pkh ahf® Joj: yfkg ;xsf®L ;+:yf ln=sf] cu'jfOdf ePsf] pSt sfo{qmddf ;+:yfdf cfa4 tLg ;o ls;fg s[lif ;fdu|L sDkgL lj®f6gu®df k|bz{g u®L s[ifssf] cj: yf cjut u®fpg k|wfgdGqL lgjf;tkm{ cufl8 a9] . Toxf“ ;a}sf] Pp6} :j® lyof]— ls;fgn] dn kfpg}k5{ . ls;fgx¿sf] dfu ;xL ePsfn] k|wfgdGqLn] plrt d"Nodf t'?Gt} dn pknAw u®fpg cfb]z lbg'eof] . kf“rf+} lbgdf s[lif ;fdu|L sDkgL lj®f6gu®af6 ls;fgn] dn k|fKt u®] . of] ls;fgx¿sf nflu 7"nf] pknAwLsf] ljifo lyof] . ;®sf®L v'Nnf dnvfb gLltsf sf®0f cg'bfgdf cfPsf afx]s cGo dn cfoft tyf laqmL ePsf] 5}g . ;®sf®n] dnvfb ljt®0fdf s]xL cg'udg u®] tfklg dnsf] u'0f:t® ® d"Nodf lgoGq0f x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . d"No o;®L cfsflzof] ls ljut Ps jif{d} ;®b® &) k|ltzt a9]sf] 5 . ;®sf®sf] o: tf] sfo{Ifdtf cefjsf] d"No eg] ;fgf ls;fgn] r'sfpg' kl®®x]sf] 5 . ;xsf®L ;+u7g g} xfd|f] zlSt xf] eGg] tflnddf k|fKt 1fgnfO{ Jojxf®df ptfg{ ;kmn eof}–+ Kf|bz{g ;kmn ePkl5 gd'gf Jofj;flos dlxnf ;d"xsL pkfWoIf bzgL b]jL dfemLn] elgg\ . o;}u®L ldng Jofj;flos ;d"xsf ;b: o lzj®fd dfemL eG5g\– ahf®df k|lt af]®f o'l®of dnsf] rf}w ;o ?k}of“ ;Dd ltg{k' ®]sf] lyof] . To;df klg u'0:t®Lo g} xf] eGg] e®f];f x'b“ G} f . t® clxn] xfdLn] ;ft ;o k};7\7L ?k}of“ k|lt af]®fsf b®n] kfof+,} h'g *# k|ltzt ;:tf] 5 . o;af6 lhNnfsf cGo s[ifsnfO{ klg kmfObf k'us ] f] 5 . ;+ul7t eP® nfUbf xfd|f ;d: of ;dfwfg ePsf]df xfdL pT;flxt ePsf 5f} + . eljiodf xfd|f ;d:ofnfO{ cem ;zSt 9+un] k|:t't ug]5 { f+ } .

;fdflhs ;]jf ls;fgsf] cg';Gwfg

df]®ªsf] 6+lsl;gjf®L–% sf ls;fg s[i0f s]=;L=, gd'gf cg';Gwfgstf{ ls;fg ePsf 5g\ . pgsf] wfg v]tdf ljleGg pGgt hftx¿sf] k®LIf0f, ;f]nf®fOh];g ® P;=cf®=cfO{= k|ljlw, pGgt k|ljlw, jLp pTkfbg cflb b]Vg ;lsG5 . pgsf] v]tL e|d0f ul®;s]kl5 ;j}n] cg'dfg ub{5g\— pgL 7"nf ls;fg x'g\ . t®, jf:tjdf pgL cfkm\gf] % s7\7f dfq hldg ePsf l;dfGt ls;fg x'g\ . ®, pgn] hlDfGbf®sf] # bzdna % ljufxf hldg ef8fdf lnPsf 5g\ .

cg';f® uf}td ® lj=Pn= !(^* sf] glthf kl®of]hgfsf] If]qdf ®fd|f] ®x]sf] 5 .

tflnd÷sfo{zfnf

nlIft ju{sf] Ifdtf clej[l4sf] lglDt xfn;Dd $& j6f tflnd ® sfo{zfnf ;~rfng ePsf 5g\ h;df ! xhf® # ;o ( ls;fgsf] ;xeflutf ®x]sf] lyof] . s[ifsx¿ clws dfqfdf Jofjxfl®s 1fg ® ;Lk ljsl;t ePsf] 5 . ;d"x Joj:yfkg ug{, afnLsf] cj:yf, ;d: of, ;dfwfg nufotsf s'®f klxrfg ug{ ;Ifd ePsf 5g\ . k|fKt u®]sf] k|fljlws 1fg ;Lk ® cg'ej Pscsf{df k|;f® ug's { f ;fy} ;d"xut ¿kdf 5nkmn ® ljZn]if0f ug]{ afgLsf] ljsf; ePsf] kfOPsf] 5 .

pgL ;j]®} p7L wfg v]tdf k'U5g\ .

Toxf“ ljleGg hftsf wfgsf] k®LIf0f u5{g\ ® KNf6x¿df lj?jfsf] ljsf; s;®L eO®x]sf] 5 eg]® t'ngf ub{5g\ . jLp pTkfbg Kn6df a]hft] wfg cfPsf] 5 ls eg]® x]5g{ \ . oltdfq xf]Og s'g} ®f]u nfUg ;'? eof] ls eg]® klg lgofN5g\ . ®, lj?jfdf o'l®ofsf] dfqf cfjZos 5 ls 5}g eg]® hf“Rg ®ª tflnsf k|of]u ug{ klg pgL lgk'0f 5g\ . ;fd"lxs 5nkmnsf a]nf pgL cfkm"n] hfg]sf, l;s]sf s'®f c¿nfO{ klg atfOxfN5g\ . ;f“Rr} eGg] xf] eg] cu'jf s[ifs ePsf 5g\ pgL . of] ;a} kl®of]hgfsf] ;xeflutfd"ns cg';Gwfg sfo{qmd cfPkl5sf] kl®0ffd xf] . kl®of]hgfsf] ;xeflutfd"ns hftLo 5gf]6 sfo{qmdn] gof“ ljsl;t ul®Psf wfg, ux's “ f pGgt hftx¿sf] pTkfbg, ®f]u ls®f ;xg ;Sg] Ifdtf, k®fnsf] dfqf, l;+rfO, dnvfb cflbdf s[ifssf] ;xeflutfsf af®]df k®LIf0f ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . oL ljleGg u'0fx¿ s[ifssf]

;xeflutfdf d"Nofªsg ul®;s]kl5 pTs[i6 b]lvPsf] hftnfO{ 5gf]6 ul®G5 . v]tL t klxnf klg t ul®GYof] t® cfw'lgs k|ljlwsf] k|of]u eg] l;l8cf®;L kl®of]hgf cfPb]lv g} xf] . gof“ k|ljlwx¿ k|of]u u®L pTkfbg nfut 36fpg ;lsg] ® pTkfbg krf; k|ltzteGbf a9L ;lhn};u“ x'G5, wfgsf] uf“h b]vfp“b} s];L eG5g\— klxnf ! dg k|lt ljufxf 5g]{ ul®Psf]df clxn] k|lt ljufxfsf] lglDt $ lsnf] dfq eP k'U5 . ;fy} jLp pTkfbg ® laqmLaf6 emg a9L kmfObf lng ;kmn ePsf 5f} + . s[ifs s[i0f s]=;L=sf] ;kmntfdf v';L x“b' } l;l8cf®;Lsf ;fdflhs kl®rfns lrGtf rf}w®L elG5g\– pxF“sf] v]tL gd'gf ag]sf] 5 h;n] ubf{ b]zsf ljleGg efuaf6 k|fljlws, j}1flgs tyf s[lif If]qsf sfo{stf{ ® ls;fgx¿n] e|d0f ug{] u®]sf 5g\ . o;kfnL klg ®fli6«o tyf cGt®f{li6«o s[lif lj1x¿ ® ls;fgx¿ e|d0fdf cfpg] vj® cfO;s]sf] 5 .

pTkfbs s[ifsn] gfkmf d"No sd kfp“5g\ eg] Jofkf®L ju{ eg] ;w}+ gfkmfdf ®x]sf x'G5g\ .

To;}n] pTkfbs ;fgf s[ifsx¿ ul®jLsf] b':rqmaf6 ta;Dd aflx/ slxNo} lg: sg ;Sb}gg\, ha;Dd pgLx¿n] cfkm"n] pTkfbg u®]sf] j:t'sf] ;xL d"No kfpg ;Sb}Gfg\ .

To;}n] ;fgf ls;fgsf] ahf®df kx“'r a9fO : yfgLo ;fx' ® dWo: tstf{ Jofkf®L b'j}af6 arfpg ;xsf®L cGg a+l} sª gfds Ps gd'gf sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul®Psf] 5 . h;n] ;fgf ls;fgsf] 5l®P® ®x]sf] k'“hLnfO{ Pslqt u®L

pgLx¿nfO{ cGo 7"nf Jofkf®Lh:t} cfkm\gf] pTkfbgsf] d"Nodf afu]{lgª ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtf k|bfg u®]sf] 5 . ;xsf®L cGGf Af}+s cGgafnL a}+s eg]sf] ;d'bfosf] :jfldTj ® lgoGq0fdf ®xg] e08f®0f xf] h;n] wfg, ux“h ' :tf d'Vo cGgafnL lwtf]sf] ¿kdf :jLsf®L wfgsf] d"No a®fa®sf] ®sd tTsfn pknAw u®fp“5 ® kl5 a9L d"No ePsf] ;dodf a]rL s[ifsn] yk d"No;d]t kfpg ;xof]u] ub{5 . cyf{t, e08f®0f ® ahf® Joj: yfkg Joj;fo dfq gu®L s[ifsnfO{

;fgf ls;fgsf] ahf/df kx'“r

;fdfGotof s[lif pkhsf] e08f®0f ® yf] s laqmLdf k“ ' h LktL Jofkf®L tyf 7"nf ls;fgsf] dfq kx'“r k'u]sf] x'G5 . hf] ahf®df cTolws gfkmf sdfpg ;kmn ePsf x'G5g\ . t® ;fgf ls;fgx¿ afnL nufp“bf lnPsf] C0fsf] af]emn] afnL sf6\g] ljlQs} a]Rg afWo x'G5g\ . h;sf] kmn:j¿k a'4

ofqf

Oct-Dec 2006

cGgafnL lwtf]df :jLsf®L jf lagflwtf] v]tLsf] lglDt clu|d ¿kdf C0f k|jfx ug]{ x'gfn] o;nfO{ cGgafnL a}+s elgPsf] xf] . cGg a}s + df kl®of]hgfsf !$ s[ifs ;d"x ;+ul7t eO ahf® ;xsf®Lsf] :yfkgf u®] . To; ;xsf®Ldfkm{t $) 6g wfg ® @) 6g ux“' e08f®0f u®L laqmL ubf{ ;®b® @^ k|ltzt a9L gfkmf s[ifsx¿n] kfpg ;s]sf 5g\ . s[ifs ®fh]Zj® ljZjf; eG5g\— ;w+} Jofkf®L n] lng] d'gfkmf cfh xfdL ls;fgx¿ ldnL lng ;kmn ePsf 5f} }+ .

jLp pTkfbg

:yfgLo :t®df k|dfl0ft jLp pTkfbgn] u'0f: t®Lo jLp pknJw u®fp“5 ® s'n pTkfbg a9\g d2t ub{5 . jLp pTkfbgn] vfBfGgdf cfTdlge{®tfsf] dfqf a9fpg] dfq xf]Og ls s[ifsx¿nfO{ ®fd|f] kmfObf klg lbg ;Sb5 . kl®of]hgfaf6 tflnd ® k|fljlws ;'ljwf kfPkl5 o;kfnL ls;fgn] uf}td hftsf] ux“' !! x]S6®df pTkfbg u®] h;dWo] & 6g ljqmLsf nflu 5'6o\ fOPsf] 5 . To;} u®L # x]S6®df d'usf hft sNof0f, k|ltIff ® Pg=Pd= (@ jLp pTkfbg u®L & lSjG6n jLp ljqmLsf] lglDt 5'6o\ fPsf 5g\ . af“sL jLp cfk\mg} ;d"xdf ;b:ox¿n] ;f6f;f6 u®] . o;}u®L o;kfnL !% ljufxfdf wfgsf pGgt hftsf jLp pTkfbg eO®x]sf] 5 h;df sfG5L kl/of]hgf ;~rfns lgsfo kl/of]hgf If]q kl/of]hgfsf] ;'?jft

ofqf

Afrt tyf C0f kl/rfng

kl®of]hgfsf ls;fg ;fd"lxs art u®]df ljleGg cfly{s lqmofsnfkm u®L kmfObf kfpg ;lsG5 eGg] s'®f ®fd|®L a'emL Jojxf®df ptfg{ ;kmn ePsf 5g\ . To;}n] pgLx¿ dfl;s k|lt ;b:o % ¿k}of“ art ub}{ cfPsf]df clxn] ! ;o ¿k}of“ k|lt dlxgf jrt ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ . !$ ;d"xsf] s'n jrt @ nfv @* xhf® * ;o *$ ?k}of“ gfl3;s]sf] 5 . h;sf] *% k|ltzt ljleGg cfod"ns ultljlwdf kl®rfng ePsf] 5 . hlt a9L jrt u¥of] Tolt g} a9L ;d"xsf ;b: onfO{ v]tL, afv|fkfng, a+u®' kfng, ;fgf Jofkf® h:tf ultljlwdf C0f lbg ;lhnf] ePsf] 5 . Aofh klg ;d"xd} ®xg] ePsfn] jrt tyf C0f kl®rfngn] ;d"xnfO{ lgs} kmfObf 5– ;[li6 ;d"xsf ;b:o enfsfhL ®fO{ eG5g\ . a}s + df h:tf] sfuhL emGeml6nf]kg ljgf t'?Gt} kfOg], Aofh klg lgs} sd b®df kfOg], Jofhaf6 p7]sf] gfkmf klg ;d"xsf ;b:odf af“l8g] ePsfn] jrt sfo{qmd ®fd|f] 5 . sd;]sd klxnfh:tf] ;fx' dxfhgsxF“ rsf]{ Aofh b®df C0f lng hfg t k®]sf] 5}g, uj{sf ;fy elG5g\— >L ®fd dlxnf ;fd"lxs cWoIf ;'gfj®jtL Clifb]j .s

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dG;'nL ® ®fwf–!@ hft k|dv ' ®x]sf 5g\ . ls;fgx¿n] jLp pTkfbg ubf{ ckgfpg'kg]{ ;fjwflgk|lt ;hu x“b' } kl®of]hgfsf] k|ToIf ;xof]udf u'0f:t®Lo jLp pTkfbg ul®®x]sf 5g\ . ®fd|f; ] u“ k|fljlws ¿kdf k|ls|ofut 9+un] jLp pTkfbg ug{ ;s]df kmfObf klg a9L x'g] l:ylt 5 . k|zf]wg sfo{nfO{ ;lhnf] ® sd vlr{nf] agfpg xfn;fn} s[lif pkh ahf® Joj:yfkg ;xsf®LnfO{ jLp k|zf]wg oGq ® af]®f l;pg] d]l;g k|bfg ul®Psf] 5 -x]gx{' f]; kmf]6f] _ . pSt d]l;g kfPkl5 cfkm"x¿nfO{ jLp k|zf]wg ug{ w]®} ;lhnf] ePsf] ® o;n] jLp pTkfbg cem a9L ug{ yk xf};nf ldn]sf] atfp“5g\ lbkHof]tL s[ifs ;d"xsf cWoIf >Lnfn dfemL . klxn] xfdL vfBfGg pTkfbgdf dfq ;Lldt ePsf]df kl®of]hgf cfPkl5 jLp pTkfbg, e08f®0f, k|zf]wg ahf® Joj: yfkgdf klg Ifdtf clej[l4 eO®x]sf] 5 . o;n] cfkm"h:tf ;fgf ls;fgnfO{ w]®} kmfObf k'us ] f] ejfgL ;d"xsf ;lrj j;Gt vjf; atfp“5g\ .

Oct-Dec 2006

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ToxL ;dodf l;l8cf®;L kl®of]hgf af6 d'usf gof“ hftx¿ jiff{ofddf klg nufpg ldNg] k|ltIff ® sNof0f nufpg] k|ljlws ;Nnfx ® tflnd kfP ® pgL cfk\mgf] jiff{ ofddf d'u nufp“bf ckgfpg'kg]{ ;fjwfgL;lxt d'u v]tL k|ljlw l;s] . !$ s[ifs ;d"xsf ;b:ox¿ ldnL vf]lnPsf] cfkm\gf] ;xsf®Lsf] sfof{nodf k'uL d'usf] dfu kmf®fd e®L jLp nu] . ef]lnkN6} jLp 5b}{ pgL eGb} lyP– d]®f] t cfzf klg dl®;s]sf] lyof] o;kfln v]tL gx'g] eof] eg]® . To:f}n] o;nfO{ cfzfsf] jLp eg] klg x'G5 . o;}u®L Pljl;8L s[ifs ;d"xsf cWoIf ®fh]Zj® ljZjf; eG5g\– cfsfz] kfgLsf] e®df v]tL x'g] If]qdf v8]®Lsf] j]nfdf klg ;+jb] gzLn eO t'?Gt} plrt ljsNk lbg ;s]sf]df l;l8cf®;LnfO{ wGojfb 5 . k®Dk®fut hfteGbf b'O{ u'0ff pTkfbg lbg], $%—%) lbgdf km;n tof® x'g,] pTkfbg nfut sd ® df6f]sf] pj{®f zlSt klg a9\g] d'ªafnL nufpg kfp“bf d Hofb} v';L 5' .

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b"®klZrd g]kfnsf] k|dv ' ;x/ wgu9L ®fhwfgL sf7df8f}a+ f6 sl®a ^ ;o ^) lsld 6f9f ®x]sf] 5 . wgu9Laf6 sf7df8f}+ of sf7df8f}a+ f6 wgu9L hfg] dflg;x¿df k|foM ef®tLosf] dfqf a9L x'g] u®]sf] 5 . lsgls wgu9Laf6 ef®tsf] gof“lbNnL ^ 306fsf] a;ofqfdf ;xh} k'Ug ;lsG5 . wgu9L g]kfnsf] t®fO{sf] ;a}eGbf ;'b®" efu xf] eGbf klg x'G5 . udL{df lgs} udL{ ® hf8f]df 7Ls}sf] df};d x'g] of] If]qdf a: g ;d:of 5}g . xf]6n, nhnufotsf s'/fx¿ k|z:t 5g\ oxf‘ . oxf“ d'Votof lxGb' ® af}4 wdf{jnDaLx¿sf] ar{:j 5 . wgu9Laf6 Pp6f ;8s ef®ttkm{ uPsf] 5 . dWoklZrdsf] s]Gb| g]kfnuGh oxf“af6 sl®a &% dfOn 6f9f 5 . wgu9L cf;kf;sf #) lhNnfsf] s]Gb| xf] eGbf x'G5 . cyf{t\ # nfv dflg;sf] s]Gb|laGb' xf] s}nfnLsf] wgu9L .

s;®L hfg] < sf7df8f}a+ f6 a;sf] ofqf to u®]®;d]t xfdL wgu9L k'Ug ;S5f} + . hxfhaf6 klg ;xh} wgu9L k'Ug ;lsG5 . hxfhsf] s'®f ubf{ a'4 Po®n] cS6f]a® !, @))^ af6 sf7df8f}–+ wgu9L

a'4

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Oct-Dec 2006

;Lwf p8fg yfn]sf] 5, ljgfs'g} emGem6 tkfO{n + ] cf®fdbfoL ofqf ug{ ;Sg'xG' 5 .

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ljb]z d'bf| ;6xL ug{ ;lsG5 . ;x6L ;'ljwf cfOtaf®b]lv d+unaf®;Dd !) ah]bl] v lbp“;f] @ ah];Dd v'Nnf x'G5 eg] z'qmaf® !) ah]bl] v !@ ah];Dd v'Nnf x'G5 .

ef®tLo ;Ldf wgu9Laf6 ! lsld blIf0fdf ef®tLo ;Ldf 5 . :yfgLo ?6df rNg] a;x¿ ef®tLo If]q klnof snf;Dd k'U5g\ . klnof snf #% lsld b'®Ldf ®x]sf] 5 . Toxf“af6 nª ?6sf ;jf®L;fwg kfpg ;lsG5 . b'wgf ®fli6«o lgs'~h ;Ldfaf6 sl®a @) lsld blIf0fdf k5{ . Toxf“af6 a; of hLkdf hfg ;lsG5 .

3f]8f3f]8L tfn wgu9L lr;fkfgLaf6 sl®a #) lsld 6f9f 3f]8f3f]8L tfn ®x]sf] 5 . h'g tfn lsËlkm;® hftsf df5f ® cf;kf; h+unL hLjx¿sf] dxTjk"0f{ cf>o :yn xf] eGbf cTo'lQm x'b“ g} . xfdL hf]l8of}+ a'4 Po®n] cfkm\gf] ;|ft] ® ;fwgn] EofP;Dd b]zsf b"®b®fh;“u ®fi6«sf] s]Gb| ®fhwfgLnfO{ hf]8g\ ] nIo lnPsf] 5 . o;} p2]Zon] ca xfdL cS6f]a® ! b]lv ;'b®" klZrdsf] wgu9L p8fg eb}5 { f} + . ljdfg:ynsf] :t®f]Gglt ePkl5 wgu9L p8fg ;~rfng ug]{ xfdLn] hgfPsf] k|lta4tfcg';f® of] lg0f{o eO;s]sf] 5 . wgu9L cfpg] hfg] k|;u+ df s'g} lh1f;f eP– a'4Po® ;Demg'; \ . oxf“x¿nfO{ xfd|f] ;w}+ cfTdLo :jfut 5 .s

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x/af6 lj:yflkt ul/Psf dflg;x¿sf nflu vd]/x¿n] pvfg g} agfPsf lyP– olb ltgLx¿ af“r] eg] s'g} kmfObf 5}g, d/] eg] s'g} gf]S;fgL 5}g . nfvf}+ dflg;nfO{ pgLx¿n] cfkm\g} ;fd"lxs lrxfg vGg nufP . To;kl5 vd]/ ;]gfx¿n] kmnfdsf 58L / wfl/nf xltof/n] d/0ff;Gg x'g] u/L lk6\b} lhp“b} k'g{] uy]{ . vd]/sf h]nx¿df lgb]z { g g} lbOPsf] lyof]– uf]nL v]/ gkmfNg' . o;sf] cy{ lyof]– ;s];Dd oftgf lbP/} dfg'{ . o;}u/L vd]/n] ;a} wd{df k|ltaGw nufP, cNk;+Vos ;d'bfonfO{ l5GgleGg kf/], cfkm\gf] efiff / k/Dk/f dfGg lbPgg\ . kmfb/ kf]grf}8sf] sDaf]l8of M Oo/ lh/f] gfds k':tssf cg';f/ !(&@ kl5 vd]/sf u'l/Nnf n8fs'x¿n] ufp“ / ;x/sf dflg;nfO{ 3/ 5f]8g\ afWo u/fP / kl5 kms{g] af6f] gxf];\ eg]/ pgLx¿n] hgtfsf 3/df ;d]t cfuf] nufP . cGt/f{li6«o ;d'bfosf] gh/df sDaf]l8ofdf dfgjLo ;d:of rs]{ klg vd]/ x¿n] dfgjLo ;xof]usf] cfu|xnfO{ c: jLsf/ u/], lsgeg] vd]/x¿n] ;Qf xftdf lnPkl5 ufp“df lj:yfkg ul/Psf hgtfnfO{ sfddf nbfOPsf] / ef]sd/ Lsf sf/0fn] nfvf}+ dflg; dl//x]sf lyP . vd] / x¿n] JolQmut ;DklQnfO{ ;fj{hlgs agfP, lzIff klg ;fd'bflos eof] . kf]nkf]6 zf;g /fhgLlts ¿kdf c;xdt x'g] / ljkIfLx¿sf nflu Psbd} s7f]/ eof] . oftgfnfO{ tLa| kfl/of] . sltko 7fp“df aGbLx¿nfO{ af“w/] lha|f; ] d]t sfl6of], xhf/f}+ /fhgLlt1 / k|zf;snfO{ k"j{ ;/sf/;“u ;Da4 ePsf] cfz+sfdf xTof ul/of], xhf/f}s + f] ef]sd/L, /f]u cyjf d[To'b08sf sf/0f gf]dk]Gx e"tsf] ;x/df ablnof] . slt dfl/P olsg 5}g af?bL ;'?ªnfO{ kf]nkf]6n] Ps k"0f{ ;}lgssf] ¿kdf k|z | ; + f uy],{ af?bL ;'?ªnfO{ u|fdL0f If]qdf Jofks agfOof] . sDaf]l8ofsf] u[xo'4, kf]nkf]6sf] Ps5q zlQm / leotgfdn] u/]sf]

klZrdL / k"jL{ ;|f]tx?n] vd]/ zf;gsfndf !^ nfv dflg;x? dfl/Psf] cg'dfg u/]sf 5g\ eg] ljz]if ;|f]tx?n] of] ;+Vof #) nfv ePsf] atfPsf 5g\ cfqmd0fdf ePsf] dfgjLo Ifltsf af/]df ljjfb 5 . klZrdL / k"jL{ ;|ft] x¿n] vd]/ zf;gsfndf !^ nfv dflg; dfl/Psf] cg'dfg u/]sf 5g\ eg] ljz]if ;|ft] x¿n] of] ;+Vof #) nfv ePsf] atfPsf 5g\ . kmfb/ kf]grf}8sf cg';f/ !(&% b]lv !(&( ;Ddsf] vd]/ zf;gsfndf @# nfv dflg;sf] Hofg uPsf] lyof] eg] cd]l/sfsf] ofn] sDaf]l8og lhgf];fO8 k|fh ] S] 6n] !^ nfv cg'dfg u/]sf] 5, Pdg]:6L OG6/g];gnn] !$ nfv, cd]l/sL ljb]z dGqfnon] !@ nfv, vd]/ zf;gs} lvp ;fDkfgn] !) nfv / kf]nkf]6 : jo+n] * nfv dflg; d/]sf] cg'dfg u/]sf 5g\ . cd]l/sL u'Ktr/ ;+:yf ;LcfOPn] eg] kmf“;L kfpg]sf] ;+Vof dfq %) xhf/b]lv ! nfv /x]sf]] cg'dfg u/]sf] 5 . !(&^ df l;+xfg'snfO{ gh/aGbdf /flvof] / kf]nkf]6 k|wfgdGqL / cflwsfl/s ¿kdf / fHok|dv ' ag] pgsf ldq lvp ;fDkfg /fi6«klt ag] . !(&* ;Dddf kf]nkf]6sf] sDaf]l8ofdf dfgjLo b'bz { f :ki6 ¿kdf b]lvg yfln;s]sf] lyof] . sDaf]l8ofaf6 leotgfdLx¿nfO{ ;kmfof ug]{ cleofg klg tLa| x'g yfNof], kl/0ffd:j¿k leotgfdL If]qdf klg vd]/n] cfqmd0f u/] . ;Ldf / leotgfdL hgtfdf a9]sf] vt/fsf] k|To'Q/df leotgfdn] vd]/nfO{ ;Qfaf6 x6fpg cfqmd0f u¥of] . kmn:j¿k sDAf]l8ofO{ ;]gf ;lhn} k/flht eP / kf]nkf]6 yfO{ ;Ldflt/ efu] . !(&( sf] hgj/Ldf leotgfdn] x]ª ;fdl/ gsf]

s}bLnfO{ af3sf] lk+h8fdf o;/L /lvGYof]

g]tT[ jdf ;/sf/ u7g u¥of] . x]ª ;fdl/g leotgfdL ;kmfO cleofgaf6 leotgfddf z/0f lnO/x]sf lyP . kf]nkf]6 sDaf]l8ofsf] klZrdL If]qdf a;]/ n8\b} /x] / o;kl5 ;;fgf] ;fOgf]–leotgfd o'4 klg eof] . lgjf{;gdf ;/sf/ vd]/ k/fhokl5 sDaf]l8of !(&% cufl8s} hLjgdf kmls{of], /fi6«JofkL lzIff k|0ffnL / a'4 wd{ oyfjt eP, t/ gof“ ;/sf/ n] vd]/n] h:t} ljkIfLdfly s8f gLlt lnof], hgtfsf] ljrf/ cleJolQmsf] :jtGqtfnfO{ ;Lldt kfl/of] . leotgfd ;dy{s sDk'lrof lkkN; /]en ' ;g/L kf6L{n] /fhgLlts zlQmnfO{ Psdgf kfb}{ !(*! df ePsf] r'gfjdf g];gn P;]DAnLdf ax'dt xfl;n u¥of] . yfONofG8lt/ efu]sf vd]/x¿n] lgjf{;gd} ;/sf/ u7g u/], h'g 8Ls] sf] gfdn] kl/lrt eof], rLg, yfONofG8 / cd]l/sfn] lgjf{lrt ;/sf/nfO{ leotgfdL x:tIf]ksf] ¿kdf ln+b} lgjf{;gdf u7g ul/Psf] vd]/sf] ;/sf/nfO{ ;dy{g u/] eg] log} b]zx¿sf] ;dy{gdf 8Ls] n] /fi6«;3+ df sDaf]l8ofsf] ;L6 xfl;n u¥of] . t/ ef/t, ;f]leot ;+3h:tf s]xL b]zn] dfq sDaf]l8ofsf] lkkN; /]en ' ;g/Lsf] ;/sf/nfO{ dfGotf lbP, j}bl] zs ;xof]u ;f]leot ;+3n] g]tT[ j u/]sf] sDo'lg:6 b]zx¿sf] ;d"x¿af6 dfq cfpg] uYof]{ .s qmdzM==== ..

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Oct-Dec 2006

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xg ®fO{ xªsªsf gful®s lyP . a'jf la|l6; ;]gfdf ePsf sf®0f pgnfO{ gk'Ubf] s]xL lyPg . pgL xªsªd} hGd]sfn] pgsf] afNofj:yf klg xªsªd} laTof] . t® pgL :s'n] hLjgd} unt ;fyLsf] ;+utsf sf®0f nfu"kbfy{sf cDdnL aGg k'u ] . sIff & df k9\bb} l] v pgL nfu"cf}ifwLsf] cDdnL ag] . pgsf] lbgrof{ Toltdf dfq

a'4

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Oct-Dec 2006

;Lldt ePg . ;f]xL ntsf sf®0f pgL ck®fwL aGg k'u ] . pgn] kl®jf®nfO{ klg v'a} b'Mv lbP . nfu"cf}ifwL k|of]u u®]s} sf®0f pgL ljb]zsf h]nx¿df ;d]t klg k®] . Toxf“ ;'wg| ] pkfP gb]vk] l5 kl®jf®n] pgnfO{ xªsªaf6 g]kfn kmsf{P® gfsf{g]{ g g]kfnsf] pkrf® tyf k'gM:yfkgf s]Gb|df k'¥ofof] . To;kl5 dfq pgn] k'ghL{jg kfPsf] dx;'; ug{ yfn] . xfn pgL lhNnflhNnfdf uP® cfkm\gf ljutsf cg'ej ;'gfp“b} b'Jo{;gaf6 aRg] pkfP klg l;sfp“b} lx+8s ] f 5g\ .

To:t} sf7df8f+s } f] ®fd|f] kl®jf®df hlGdPsf ®fhg >]i7sf] cj:yf klg df]xgsf] h:t} bb{gfs lyof] . :s'n] hLjgaf6} b'Jo{;gsf] s'ntdf k®]sf ®fhg cfkm"n] t b'Mv kfP g} kl®jf®nfO{{ ;d]t pgn] lbg;Ddsf] b'Mv lbP . pgL eG5g\, d}n] klg gfsf{g] g g]kfnsf] ;fy gkfPsf] eP ;fob} ;'wg| ] lyP“ . xfn df]xg ® ®fhg b'a}sf] lbgrof{ c¿sf] hLjg arfpg] k|of;d} ljTg] u®]sf] 5 . pgLx¿ lhNnflhNnfdf k'u]® ha cfkm\ gf ljutsf 8®nfUbf cg'ejx¿ ;'gfp“5g\, ;'Gg]x¿ efj ljef]® x'G5g\ . hf] ;'s}nfO{ kTofpg} ufx|f] k5{ . To:tf cg'ejx¿ ;'gfP® pgLx¿ o;af6 aRg] pkfo dfq l;sfp“b}gg\, b'Jo{;g d'Qm ;dfh agfpg :yfgLo :t®d} sld6Lx¿ u7g u®L o;lj?4 lqmofzLn x'g k|]l®t ;d]t ub{5g\ . pgLx¿n] cfkm\gf] gof“ hLjgnfO{ ;dfhsf nflu ;dlk{t ug]{ ;d]t atfPsf 5g\ . To;f] t pgLx¿ dfq xf]Og pgLh: tf cGo y'k|} nfu"cf}ifwLsf k"j{ k|of]ustf{ ;fyLx¿ c¿nfO{ gof“ hLjg lbg nflu k®]sf 5g\ . o;df pgLx¿n] ;r]tgf ;d"x g} tof® kf®]sf 5g\ . b'Jo{;g pkrf® tyf k'g:yf{kgfdf ljZj ljVoft Pn ®g xj8{sf] l;4fGtdf cfwfl®t gfsf]g{ g g]kfnsf] Ps cWoogcg';f® :s'nsf 5fq5fqf h;n] nfu"cf}ifwL lnG5g\, tLdWo] ^) k|ltztsf] k|d] Lk|l] dsf ePsf ® tLdWo] #$ k|ltztnfO{ pgLx¿n] nfu"cf}ifwL vfg l;sfPsf] kfOPsf] 5 . o; lx;fan] emG8} @% xhf®sf] ;+Vofdf :s'n] 5fqfx¿ klg of] ;d: ofdf k®]sf] cg'dfg 5 . k'?if b'Jo{;gLsf]

;+Vof ! nfv gf3]sf] klg ;f]xL ;+:yfsf] cg'dfg 5 . ®fhwfgLdf $ jif{cl3 b'Jo{;g pkrf® tyf k'g:yf{kgf s]Gb| ;~rfng ub{} cfPsf] gfsf{g] g g]kfndf clwsf+zn] cfkm"n] : sn ' hLjgaf6} nfu"cf}ifwL lng] u®]sf] atfPsf ;f] s]Gb|sf ;~rfns tyf k|x/L al®i7 pk®LIfs a;Gt s'j“ ® atfp“5g\ . xfn $$ hgf k"jn { fu"cf}ifwL k|of]ustf{ sf7df8f+} xflQuf}8+ fl:yt ptm s]Gb|df pkrf® u®fO®x]sf] klg pgn] hfgsf®L lbP . …s]6Lx¿n] s]6fn] em+} emu8f u®]® nfu"cf}ifwL k|fKt ug{ ;Sb}gg\, bnfnsf] e® kg'k{ 5{ h;n] pgLx¿ x/]s k|sf®sf] zf]if0fdf kg{] u®]sf 5g\, ;+:yfsL k|jGw lgb]z { s k"hf s'j“ ® elG5g\ . gfsf]g{ g b'Jo{;g pkrf® s]Gb|sL lgb]z { ssf cg';f® b'Jo{;g kLl8tx¿sf] cfo' !) jif{sf] x'gu] 5{ . c: ktfn, pkrf®s]Gb| h]n jf s'g} ®f]uJofwL b'36{ gfaf6 6f9f g®fv] pgLx¿ lj®n} !) aif{;Dd af“Rg ;S5g\ . b'Jo{;gLdWo] () k|ltztn] >LdtL ® cfdf afa'dfly xftkft ug{] u®]sf] klg gfsf]g{ gsf] cWoogaf6 kQf nfu]sf lgb]z { s s'j“ ®sf] egfO 5 . xfn} dfq dlxnfsf nflu klg pkrf®u[x vf]lnPsf] hfgsf®L klg pgn] lbOg\ . …hf] JolQm b'Jo{;gdf kml;;s]kl5 pkrf®df hf“bg} g\ . uP klg pkrf®:ynaf6} efU5g\ To:tf JolQm ;'wg| ] ;Defjgf sd x'G5 . h;df d ;'wG| 5' eGg] cfTdljZjf; x'G5 pgLx¿ ;'wg| ] ;Defjgf a9L x'G5 . gfsf{g] g g]kfnsf ;+:yfks s'j“ ® cfkm\gf] cg'ej ;'gfpl5g\ . clg hf] ;'wG| 5 p;nfO{ ;dfh;“u ;fdgf ug{ ;Sg] agfpg p;nfO{ Jofjxfl®s ® cfWoflTds s'®fx¿ klg l;sfOg] ul®Psf] 5 . w]®h } ;f] wgL kl®jf®sf JolQm g} pQm s'ntdf km:g] u®]sf 5g\ . To;df klg w]®h } ;f] xªsª ® lj|l6; cfdL{sf 5f]®f5f]®L ®x]sf 5g\ . ljZj ljVoft Pn ®g xjf8{sf] l;4fGtdf cfwfl®t gfsf{g] g g]kfn Pl;ofs} klxnf] ;'wf/ s]Gb| xf] . of] ljlwcGtu{t ljZjsf ! ;o $) b]zdf b'Jo{;gLsf] pkrf® x'g] u®]sf] 5 . ljZjd} of] ljlw b'Jo{;g Joj: yfkgdf cu|0fL dflgG5 . s

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kfnL lxGb'x¿sf] dg zflGtsf] cfudgn] k|km'lNnt 5 . zLtn ® :jR5 zf®bLo df};d;“u} b;}s + f] cfudgn] g]kfnLsf] 3®cf“ugdf e®k'® v';L lelq®x]5 . ;z:q åGåsf] cfuf] lge]® nf]stGqsf] cfudgn] g]kfnLx¿ lgwSs;“u b;}+ dfGb}5g\ . dL7f]—lk7f] h] x'G5 cfgGb dgn] vfOlkO o; jif{sf] b;}+ { dgfO“b} 5 . ahf®df pkef]Uo ;fdfg, nQfsk8fsf] 5'6 d"No 6f“luO;Sof], ®fi6« a}s + rfªsf rfª s6s6fp“bf gof“ gf]6x¿ hgtfnfO{ ;6xL ug{ yfn]sf] 5 . lxdfnb]lv t®fO{;Ddsf e]8fRofª\uf| , af]sf–v;L, ®f“uf, s'v®' f xf“; 7fp“ 7fp“df ;x/ ahf®df y'lk|g] k'®fgf] rng xf] . df+zfxf®Lx¿ ®lQm, leœof;, cfGb|Fe'8“ L, kf]ns ] f] df;', sjfkm cflbsf kl®sf®sf] :jfb lng] of]hgf agfpg yfln;s] . zfsfxf®Lx¿ lv®, ;]nk'®L, :jf®L, xn'jf, nfndf]xg, u'“bkfs, ®;j®L, lgDsL, km'®gbfgf, tf®]sf] e'6s ] f] cfn', klg®, cfn'bd, bxLRo'/f vfg] rrf{ ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ . afnaflnsfx¿ ;fyLx¿;“u cfkm\gf] n'ufh'Qfsf] s'®f ;'gfpg Jo:t 5g\ . sltko lszf]®–lszf]®L, rª\ufr]6 k|lt:kwf{df sf};L ® rf}®df ®dfO®x]sf 5g\ . clwsf+z o'jfx¿ Hff“8®S;L ® h'jftf;sf] s';:+ sf®af6 6f9f x'b“ 5 } g\ . b;}+ ltxf®df cfkm\gf ;fyLx¿nfO{ z'esfdgf lbg] lszf]®–lszf]®Lx¿ klg z'esfdgf sf8{ lsGg k;nx¿df eL8 ug{ yfln;s] . oL rf8sf] 5'§Ldf cfkm\gf k|d ] L k|l] dsfnfO{ z'esfdgf lbg] tyf 306f}+ enfs';f®L ug]{ a}; + fn' o'jfo'jtLsf] dg v';Ln] ubub x'g] u5{ . dlxiff;'® ®fIF;sf] aw ug{ ljleGg gf} ¿k wf®0f u®L b'uf{ ejfgLn] cGofo cTofrf®sf]] k®fho ljhof]T;jsf] ¿kdf b;}+ dgfpg] k®Dk®f rn]sf] Psy®L lxGb' dt 5 . b]jtfnfO{ k®f: t u®L tLg} nf]ssf] clwklt aGg] ;kgf b]Vg] z'De lgz'Deh:tf cTofrf®L ®fIF;sf] jw u®]sf] ljhof]T;jdf ljhofbzdL dgfOg] ul®Psf] klg wfld{s ljZjf; ®xL cfPsf] 5 . h]xf]; b;}n + fO{ cGofo, cTofrf®, cwd{ ® c;Tosf] k®fhosf] pT;jsf] ¿kdf lxGb' wdf{jnDjLn] :jLsf®]sf 5g\ . b;}a+ f6 ;Tsd{af6 ;kmntf k|fKt x'g] k|®] 0ff kfp“5g\ . s_ 36:yfkgf cflZjg z'Ns k|ltkbf @)^# c;f]h & ut], zlgjf/ gj®flq cf®Desf] o; lbg 3®3®df

hd®f ®flvG5 . 36:yfkgf ug{ k|ftM :gfg u®L k"hf ;fdu|L tof® ug'k{ 5{ . rf]vf] df6f] of gbLsf] afn'jf, Pp6f 38f, ux'“ ldl;Psf] hf}, yfnL, k|ltdf, k~rfd[t, k~rkNnj, b'jf], lbk, snz, u0f]z yfKg] yfg rfdn 36:yfkgfsf nflu cfjZos k5{ . 36:ytfkgf ubf{ ;'?df cf;gdf a;L sd{kfq lgdf{0f u®]® ;+sNk lng'k5{ . ;+sNkkl5 bLk, snz, u0f]zsf] cfx\jfg ® k"hf ul®G5 . k"hfkl5 36:yfkgf ul®G5 . 36dfly yflndf b]jL oGqn]vL k|ltdf ®fvL b]jLsf] cfx\jfg ug'k{ 5{ . bLk, snz, u0f]z ;“u} b'O{ jif{bl] v !) jif{;Dd pd]®sL s'df®Lsf] k"hfkl5 ux'“ ® hf} 5g]{ wfld{s lgod 5 . 36:yfkgfsf] ljlwljwfgkl5 b'uf{ ;Kt;lt kf7 ug'{k5{ . 36:yfkgfsf] lbg :yfkgf ul®Psf] hn38fnfO{ gf}®yfe®L ljxfg k"hf ® ;f“em cf®tL ug'k{ 5{ . ;fy} gj®flqe® ljxfg k"hfkl5 b'uf{ ;Kt;lt kf7 ug]{ ;+:sf® 5 . b]jL cf®wgfsf nflu uf]sn ' w'k pTs[i6 dflgG5 .

36gf:yfkgfsf] lbgb]lv gj®flqe® ®fhwfgL ® clw®fHoe®sf zlQm kL7x¿df eQmhgx¿sf] 3'Or “ f] nfU5 .

v_ km"nkftL @)^# c;f]h !# ut] z'qmjf® M of] b;}s + f] ;ftf}+ lbg xf] . o; lbg s]®f, bfl®d, wfg, a];f®, xn]bf], czf]s, hoGtL, a]n, ss{nf] ( y®Lsf jg:ktLsf xf“ufnfO{ ;f“em 36:yfkgf ul®Psf] k"hf sf]7fdf leœofOG5 . sf7df8f}+ xg'dfg9f]sf b®jf®df uf]vf{af6 NofOPsf] km"nkftL leœofOG5 . u_ dxfc:6dL @)^# c;f]h !$ ut] zlgjf® dxfc:6dLsf lbg 3® 3®df k"hf sf]7fdf gjb'uf{sf] k"hf cf®fwgf ul®G5 . hLj aln lbg]n] zlQmkL7 tyf 3®3®df af]sf, e]8f jf xf“; anL lbOG5 . sltkon] l3®f}n + f, d'nf ® s'leG8f]sf] anL klg lbG5g\ . o;} lbg dWo®ftdf xf]d o1fbL u®L zlQm kL7 jf 3®sf] k"hf sf]7fdf sfnf] af]sf anL lbO sfn®flq k"hf ul®G5 . sfn®flq ubf{ anL lbOPsf] af]sfsf] sn]hf] ;d]t xf]d ug'k{ 5{ . t® >LkfnL a:g]tsf] eg] sn]hf] kf]n®] ;f“w®] r9fpg] k®Dk®f 5 . o; lbg zlQmkL7df af]sf, xf“;, s'v®' f, e]8fsf] anL a'4

ofqf

Oct-Dec 2006

lemlnldnL ltxf/

zf

®bLo df};dsf] csf]{ ljlzi6tf bLkx¿sf] kj{ bLkfjnL jf ltxf® xf] . ltxf®df dfGohgeGbf klg ;dhg ;xof]uL hgfj® ® kG5Lsf] k"hf x'G5 . sfu, s's®' , ufO{, uf]?, lbbL–alxgL ® bfh'–efOsf] k"hf u®L ltxf® dgfpg] k®Dk®f 5 . k6fsf, bLkaQL, b]p;L–e}nf] klg ltxf®sf dxTjk"0f{ kIf x'g \ . h'jf, hf“8®S;L eg] g]kfnL ;dfhaf6 ljbf x'g] cj: yfdf 5g\ . sflt{s s[i0f qof]bzLaf6 sflt{s z'Sn låtLof;Dd kf“r lbg dgfOg] ltxf®nfO{ od k~rs klg elgG5 . wfld{s dfGotfcg';f® dflg;sf] sd{cg';f®sf] kmn tf]Sg] od®fh cfkm\gf] Jo:ttf dfem kf“r lbgsf] 5'§L ldnfP® alxgL od'gfnfO{ e]6g\ pgsf] 3®df uPsf sf®0f o;nfO{ odk~rs elgPsf] xf] . od®fh ® od'gfaLr o; a]nf 7"nf] cflTdotf ® k|d] k|bz{g ePsf] lyof] . ;]n®f]6L ld7fO kmnkm"n ® d;nf cflb ltxf®sf k|dv ' kl®sf® x'g \ . o;kflnsf] ltxf®sf k|dv ' lbgx¿ M

v';L kfl®g] ePsfn] o; lbgnfO{ g®s rt'bz { L klg elgG5 . o; lbg od®fhsf] b't s's®' sf] k"hf ul®G5 . ;'£g] zlQm a9L ePsf] s's®' ck®fwL kQf nufpg ® ;'®IFfsf nflu pkof]uL 3®kfn'jf hgfj® xf] . lglt1 rf0fSon] w]®} vfg ;Sg] t® yf]®d} f ;Gt'i6 x'g,] lgbfPsf] a]nf klg t'?Gt Jo'e “ mg] :jfdLeQm, z'®f], ;fgf] cfjfh klg yfxf kfpg] eg]® s's®' sf] k|z; + f u®]sf 5g\

sfultxf/, odk~rsf/De, wGjGt/L hoGtL

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@)^# sflQs @ ut] ljxLjf/ o; lbg dfgj a:tLsf] glhs ®x]® kmf]xf]®d}nf vfP® ;®;kmfO ug{ d2t ug]{ sfusf] k"hf ul®G5 . sfunfO{ odb't klg dflgG5 . dflg;sf] d[To' ePsf] a]nfdf lqmof ubf{ sfunfO{ vfgf lbOG5 . o; lbg sfunfO{ vfgf v'jfOG5 . o; lbg cfo'jb{] sf cfrfo{ eujfg\ cjtf® ¿k wGjGt®Lsf] hoGtL klg k5{ . o; lbg ;f“emdf d"n åf®;fd' odbLkbfg ugf{n] d[To'bj] v';L x'G5g\ ® csfndf d[To' x'b“ g} elgPsf] 5 .

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nIdL k"hf ufO{ltxf/

sflQs s[i0f cf};L @)^# sflQs )$ ut] zlgjf/ o; lbg 3®–3®df bLkfjnL u®L nIdL k"hf ul®G5 . o; lbg nIdLsf] :j¿kdf lnOg] ufO{sf] klg k"hf cf®fwgf ul®G5 . lbge® j|t a;L ;f“em 3®–3®df nIdL ® wg;DkQLsf] k"hf ug]{ k®Dk®f 5 . s]6Lx¿ 3®–3®df uO{ e}nL v]N5g\ . sflQs z'Sn k|ltkbf @)^# sflQs )% ut] cfOtjf/ o; lbg uf]jw{g ® uf]®sf] k"hf x'G5 . ;f“em o'jfx¿ e]nf eO{ b]p;L v]N5g\ . g]jf® ;d'bfodf cfkm}n + ] cfkm}nfO{ k"hf ug]{ cyf{t Dx k"hf ug]{ rng 5 .

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sflQs z'Sn låtLof, @)^# sflQs )^ ut] d+unjf/ of] ltxf®sf] clGtd lbg xf] . o; lbg od, od'gf ® ci6lr®~hLjLsf] k"hfkl5 efOsf] k"hf ul®G5 . bfh' efOsf] k"hfkl5 ;]n®f]6L, ld7fO, kmnkm"n ck{0f ug]{ rng 5 . efO6Lsfsf] lbg slxGo} gcf]Onfpg] dvdnL uf]bfj®Lsf] dfnf lbbLalxgLn] bfh'efOnfO{ nufOlbG5g\ . lbbLalxgL / bfh'efOaLrsf] cfTdLotf k|bz{g ug]{ kj{sf] ¿kdf ltxf/ k|Voft 5 .

lbg]x¿sf] klg 3'Or “ f] nfU5 .

3_ dxfgjdL @)^# c;f]h !% ut] cfOtjf® o; lbg klg zlQm kL7x¿df bz{gfyL{x¿sf] 3'Or “ f] nfU5 . gj®fqL jf gf}®yfsf] clGtd lbg ePsf]n] o; lbg b;}s + f af“sL lbg df;' vfg 3®3®df d"n 9f]sfsf] ;fdGg] cf“ugdf v;L df® xflgG5 .

36:yfkgfsf] lbgaf6 k|f®De ePsf] b]jL cf®fwgf o; lbg ;dfkg ul®G5 . dxfgjdLsf lbg xftxltof®, d]l;gsf kf6k'hf{ k"hf ug]{ k®Dk®f klg 5 . o; lbg a;Gtk'®sf] tn]hs ' f] dlGb® klg ;j{;fwf®0fsf nflu v'Nnf ul®G5 .

yflkG5 . 6Lsf;lxt dfGohgn] cfzLjf{b lbG5g\ . 6Lsf yfKg] JoQmn] ;s]sf] blIF0ff lbO{ dfGohgnfO{ 9f]Ug'k5{ . 36:yfkgfsf] lbg 5l®Psf] hd®f gjb'uf{sf] k|;fbsf] ¿kdf k| T o] s JolQmsf] lz®df nufOG5 . 36: yfkgfsf] lbg :yfkgf ul®Psf] hn 36fsf] cleif]s ug]{ k®Dk®f klg 5 . ljhof bzdLsf] lbgb] l v sf] h fu| t k"l0f{dfsf lbg;Dd dfdf3®, ;;'®fnLnufot cfkmGtsf]df 6Lsf yfKg hfg] k®Dk®f 5 . o; a]nfdf ;x/ahf® ® af6f3f6fdf cfjthfjt ug]{ dflg;x¿sf] eL8 b]lvG5 .

ª_ ljhofbzdL @)^# c;f]h !^ ut] ;f]djf® of] b;}+sf] k|d'v lbg xf] . o; lbg ;'?df 3®3®df dfGohg xh'®a'af, xh'®cfdf, a'af, cfdf, bfh', sfsf, lbbL cflbaf6 6Lsf

dfGohgn] 6Lsf nfufOlb+bf lbOg] cflzif dGq cfo'bf]0{ f;'t] l>o+ bz®y] zq'IFo+ ®f3j] P]Zjo{ gx'if] ultZo kjg] dfg~r b'of]w{] g] zf}o{ zfGtgj] an+ xnw®] ;To~r s'GtL;'t] lj1fg+ ljb'®] ejGt' ejtf+ lslt{Zr gf®fo0f] .

a'4

ofqf

Oct-Dec 2006

cy{ M b|f0] ffrfo{sf k'q cZjTyfdfsf] h:tf] nfdf] cfo' xf];,\ wg bz®ysf] h: tf], zq'gfz ug]{ IFdtfdf ®fdh:tf], P]Zjo{df ®fhf gx'ifh: tf], ultdf jfo'h:tf], dfg;Ddfgdf b'of]{wgsf] h:tf], k®fqmddf ;Gtg'sf 5f]®f eLidh:tf], andf an®fdh:tf], ;TojfbLdf o'lwli7®h:tf], 1fg lj1fgdf ljb'®h:tf] Pjd\ lstL{df :jod\ gf®fo0fh:tf] ltdLnfO{ k|fKt xf]; \ . nfdf af}4 wdf{jnDjLsf] gf®fs w'ª9's b;}s + f] ci6dL ® gjdLsf lbg aw ul®Psf kz'x¿sf] g®s af; gxf];\ eg]® ltAatL af}4 nfdfx¿n] ci6dL ® gjdLsf lbg gf®fs w'ª9's gfds ljz]if k"hf u5{g\ . lqmlirogsf] b;}+ M lqmlirogx¿ klg b;}d+ f ®fd|F] nufpg], ld7f] vfg] k®Dk®f a;fNb}5g\ . pgLx¿ b;}d+ f rr{df e]nf eO{ jfOjn k9\5g\ .s

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gf]®~hgsf nflu ®fhwfgLsf] d'Vo 7fp“ s'g xf] eg]® s;}n] k|Zg u¥of] eg] cS;® o'jfx¿sf] hjfkm x'G5— 7d]n . skmL ukm ug{ xf];\ of tf; v]Ng] Sna rflxof];\ of :g's® v]Ng] Sna of 8fG; af®sf] gfr of hLp d;fh ug]{ s'®f g} lsg gxf];\ o'jfx¿nfO{ 7d]n g} cfsif{0fsf] s]Gb| ag]sf] 5 . a9\bf] ;x/Ls®0f ;“u} dflg;sf c;Lldt OR5fx¿nfO{ 7]nd7]nsf] l:yltdf Ps} ;fy k"®f ug{ ®fhwfgLsf] 7d]ndf clxn] y®Ly®Lsf dfG5]sf] eL8nfUg] u®]sf] 5 . l;Gw'nLsL !( jifL{of ®df rf}w®L -gfd kl®jt{g_ !) dlxgfcl3 ®fd|f] hflu® kfpg] cfzfdf Pshgf ufp“n] lbbL;“u ®fhwfgL lelqPsL x'g \ . pgL;“u} ufp“sf cGo b'O{ ;f]emL o'jtL klg hflu®sf] nf]edf ®fhwfgL cfPsf lyP . ;'?df tL lbbLn] pgLx¿nfO{ ;fdfv';Lsf] Pp6f 8]®fdf Ps xKtf hlt dL7f] dl;gf] v'jfP® g} ®flvg\ . To;kl5 pgLx¿nfO{ 7d]nsf] Pp6f

xf]6ndf j]6®sf] sfd ug{ eg]® nluof] ® ToxL+af6 ®dfnufot tL o'jtLnfO{ d;fh ;]G6®sf] sfdaf6 cTolws kmfObf x'g] nf]e b]vfOof] . ®df cfºgf] ljjztf ;'gfp“b} elG5g\, …d;fh ;]G6®df s]jn d;fh u®fpg] egL lbgsf] % ;o ?lkof“df sfd to eof] . t® ®x“bf a:bf d;fh kfn{®df d;fhsf] wGbfeGbf hLp a]Rg] wGbf ®x]5, dnfO{ ;'?df lgs} g®dfOnf] nfUof] . Ú 8® dfgLdfgL pgn] k|Zgsf] hjfkm lb+b} uOg\, …d}n] ®f]O s®fO u®],+ t® pgLx¿n] 3®df ca o: tf] sfd ul®;s]kl5 kms{g gldNg] ® kms]{ klg afa'cfdf ® ;dfhn] :jLsfg's { f] ;§f 3® lgsfnf u®L a]OHht x'g ;Sg] wDsL lbP .Ú To;kl5 t ®dfsf] b}lgs sfd g} d;fh ;]G6®df d;fhsf] gfddf OHht a]Rg' x'g uof] . of] syf ®df ® pgsf s]xL ;fyLsf]] dfq} xf]Og, b]zsf s'gfsfKrfaf6 ®fhwfgL NofOPsf k|To]s o'jtLx¿sf] tLtf] sxfgL xf] . ®fd|f] ®f]huf®L ® dL7f] vfg], nufpg] nf]en] pgLx¿ ;x/k|lt ;xh} cfslif{t x'g] u®]sf 5g\ . To;f]

t, ufp“n] kl®j]zdf s'6f]–gfDnf], kfvf]–k“w®] f], 3f“;–bfp®f ug{ g]kfnL r]nLx¿nfO{ ufx|f] ePsf] xf]Og, t® ;x/L jftfj®0f, lkmNd ® UNofd®sf] rsfrf}+waf6 pgLx¿nfO{ hf]sf]xLn] ;xh} cfslif{t ug{ ;s]sf] k|i6} a'em\g ;lsG5 .

h] klg x'G5

7d]ndf k};f lt®]kl5 dgf]®~hg ug]{ lgs} ;fwgx¿ 5g\ . ®f]huf®Lsf] gfddf ufp“af6 ;'gf}nf] ;kgf lnP® ;x/ k;]sf o'jtLnfO{ cfºgf] OR5fdf t'iff®fkft eP klg pgLx¿ u|fxssf] s'g} klg dfu k"®f ug{ tDtof® b]lvG5g\ . of] pgLx¿sf] afWotf klg xf] . ;f“em ^ ah]kl5 7d]ndf ®flqsfnLg rxnkxn ;'? x'G5 . cem 8fG; af® ® ®]i6'®G] 6sf] ®f}gs t ®flt ( ah]kl5 ;'? x'g] u®]sf] 5 . oBlk d;fh ;]G6®df ;;fh elgg] of}g Jofkf® ug{ ®ft g} kv{gk{' 5{ eGg] 5}g . d;fh ;]G6®df vf;u®L b'O{ y®L u|fxs cfpg] u®]sf] ;Da4 d;fh ;~rfns g} atfp“5g\ .

Ps To:tf hf] s]jn d;fh ug{ ® csf{y®L a'4

ofqf

Oct-Dec 2006

l/kf]6{ of}g Joj;fosf] km:6fp“bf] t/ cJojl: yt wGbfnfO{ sfg'gL ¿k lbg'k5{ eGg] cfjfh klg clxn] pl7/x]sf] 5

of}g OR5f k"®f ug{ . o;sf ;fy} b'j} sfd ug{ cfpg]sf] klg sdL 5}g . 7d]ns} Ps d;fh kfn{®df ljut b'O{ dlxgfb]lv sfd ug]{ o'jtLsf cg';f® d;fh dfq} ug{ cfpg] u|fxsx¿sf] ;+Vof Psbd} sd x'G5 hals d;fh ® of}g OR5fsf] k"lt{ ug]{ u|fxssf] ;+Vof cTolws 5 . d;fh ;]G6®df uPkl5 of}g OR5f hfx]® ug]{ uf|xs ® d;fh ug]{ o'jtLsf] sf]8 zAbdf g} a9L af]nrfn x'G5 . vf; u®L pgLx¿n] ;]S;nfO{ …d;fh ug]Ú{ of …sfd ug]Ú{ eg]® eGg] ub{5g\ . ® a9L af]nrfndf …Tof] ug]Ú{ klg eGg] u®]sf] kfOG5 . d;fh ;]G6®df k:g]lalQs} o'jtLx¿n] dL7f] tl®sfn] leq sf]7fdf uP® s'®f u®f}+ g eGg] ub{5g\ . ®, pgLx¿n] ;'?df d;fh ug]{ s'®fnfO{ g} hf]8 lbG5g\ . o; cj:yfdf pgLx¿nfO{ ljleGg s'®fn] lgb]l{ zt u®]sf] x'G5 . s] yfxf, u|fxs k|x/L g} xf] ls of hf;'; of k]ml® kqsf® . k|x/L, hf;'; ® kqsf® ju{af6 d;fh wGbf ug]{ xd];f ;z+lst x'g] ub{5g\ . d;fh ug]{ …®]6Ú klg d;fh kfn{®cg';f® km®s km®s 5 . ;fwf®0ftof !

306f d;fh u®]sf] pgLx¿n] ^ ;o ?k}of“ eg] klg $ ;o ;Dddf u5{g\ ® cfwf 306fsf] @ ;o b]lv # ;o ?k}of“;Dd lng] ub{5g\ . of}g lqmofsnfksf] eg] pgLx¿sf] efp # ;o b]lv $ ;o ¿k}of“;Dd 5 . d;fh kfn{® rnfpg] 7d]n ;ft3'DtLsL Ps dlxnf ;~rfns elG5g\, …xfdLn] k|x/LnfO{ dlxgfjf®L ¿kdf k};f a'emfpg'k5{ ga'emfP s'g} klg a]nf pgLx¿n] 5fkf dfg{ ;S5g\ . ®fhwfgLdf nueu ! ;o &) j6f;Dd d;fh ;]G6® ePsf]df 7d]n Pl®ofdf dfq ! ;oeGbf a9L 5g\ . hxf“ :jb]zL dfq xf]Og ljb]zL u|fxsx¿sf] klg pNn]Vo pkl:ylt ®xg] u®]sf] 5 . n'lDagL, slknj:t'sL ;'lgtf -gfd a'4

ofqf

Oct-Dec 2006

kl®jt{g_ cfheGbf & dlxgf cufl8 sf7df8f}+ cfPsL lyOg\ . cfºgf] cZfQm kltsf] pkrf®fy{ sf7df8f}+ cfPsL ;'lgtfn]] klg s'g} sfd gkfO{ 7d]ndf g} d;fh ;]G6®df sfd ug'{ k¥of] . pgsf] 3®df ! 5f]®f ® ! 5f]®L 5g\ . k]6df b'O{ dlxgfsf] csf]{ aRrf 5 . pgsf cg';f® lbgx'“ sDtLdf $÷% hgf u|fxs;“u pgsf] l8lnª x'G5 . sdfPsf] k};f pxL lbg ;lsG5 . t® d;fh kfn{®sf ;~rflnsf ;fljqL -gfd kl®jt{g_ sf] egfOdf eg] s'g} klg d;fhdf of}gsf nflu s'g} klg dlxnfnfO{ afWo kfl®Gg . l3ld®]sf] klg cfºg} Joyf 5 . pgsf $ j6L 5f]®L 5g\ . …cfºgf] 3® 5}g, >Ldfgn] htf lnP® hfg'ef] pt} lx+8s ] L 5' . $ dlxgf;Dd t csf{sf] 3®df a;],+ csf{s} cf]5o\ fgdf ;'t +] . vfg, nufpg g;s]® @ j6L 5f]®LnfO{ dfOtLdf ®fv]sf] 5' .Ú uxel® cf“;' kfb}{ pgn] elgg\ . d;fh kfn{®x¿sf] cfºgf] 5'§} ;+u7g geP tfklg r]Gh g]kfn :jf:Yo sfo{qmd gfds Pp6f ;+:yfn] a]nfa]nfdf d;fhdf sfd ug]{ ® ;~rfnsx¿nfO{ d;fh ug]{ ;DaGwL tflnd lbG5 . of] sfo{qmdn] d;fhdf sfd ug]{ cgk9 dlxnfnfO{ k|f®lDes lzIff ljleGg 3®]n' tflnd ® hgr]tgfsf ljljw ljifox¿df hfgsf®L lbG5 . o;sf ;fy} xfn}dfq ®f]6®L Sna ckm 7d]nn] klg IF]qkf6Ldf lgMz'Ns :jf: Yo lzlj®, sG8d ljt®0f nufotsf sfo{qmd u®]sf] lyof] . of}g Joj;fosf] km:6fp“bf] t® cJojl: yt wGbfnfO{ sfg'gL ¿k lbg'k5{ eGg] cfjfh klg clxn] pl7®x]sf] 5 . d;fh ;]G6®sf wgL dfq xf]Og Toxf“ sfo{®t o'jtL ® u|fxsn] klg o;sf] jsfnt ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ . 7d]nsf d;fh ;]G6®df lgoldt ¿kdf wfpg] u®]sf sf7df8f},+ gof“ afg]Zj®sf dgf]h -gfd kl®jt{g_ sf] egfO 5, …;®sf®n] olb of] sfd aGb u®fpg] xf] eg] tL ;a} of}gsdL{x¿nfO{ s] Joj:yf ug]{ < s] ;®sf®n] ®f]huf®L lbg ;S5 <Ú pgn] o;nfO{ aGb ug]{ xf]Og …®]un ' 6] Ú ug'k{ g]{ ts{ lbP .

gfr klg p:t}

7d]nsf] csf]{ cfsif{0f gfr klg xf] . ®flt ePkl5 oxf“sf] dfxf}n ®¨Lg x'gyfN5 . 7d]nsf

s]xL 8fG; ®]i6'®f“x¿df ®flt !) ah]kl5 sfd's gfr ;'? x'G5 . tL ®]i6'®f“x¿df gfRg] o'jtLx¿ Soflag ®]i6'®f“df sfd ul®;s]sf cg'ejL x'g] u®]sf 5g\ . 7d]ndf o:tf ®]i6'®f“x¿ ! bh{ghlt 5g\ h;n] u|fxsx¿nfO{ dlxnfsf] pbfl¨Psf] :j¿ksf] 6Gg dgf]®~hg lbg] ub{5 . o:tf ®]i6'®f“sf u|fxsx¿df s]xL] ef®tLo ko{6s klg cfpg] ub{5g\ . t® o:tf] dgf]®~hg lng] u|fxsn] eg] cfºgf] vNtL lgs} vfnL ug'k{ g]x{ G' 5 . ;fdfGotof !% ?lkof“ kg]{ Ps ln6® ldg®n jf6®nfO{ Toxf“ *) ?lkof“ lnOG5 . To:t} emfg]sf] d6g ;]sj' f ! Kn]6sf] ^ ;o %), ! af]tn lao®sf] @ ;o %) ?lkof“, Ps Kn]6 rfpldgsf] ! ;o %) ?lkof“;Dd …®]6Ú 5 Toxf“ . o:tf ®]i6'®f“x¿df clZnn gfr, o'jtLnfO{ sfvL RofkL dgf]®~hg lng] sfd;Dd dfq x'b“ g} . u|fxs;“u ®ft latfpg ;d]t gt{sL tof® x'G5g\ .

Go"gtd @ xhf® ?lkof“bl] v clwstd !) xhf® ?lkof“;Dd To;sfdsf] b® ®xg] u®]sf] 5

k|x/L hfgsf/

k|x/LnfO{ oL ultljlwaf®] klxNo} hfgsf®L x'g] u®] klg pgLx¿n] jf:tf gug]{ u®]sf] ;d]t atfO“b} cfPsf] 5 . t® k|x/L eg] of] s'®f : jLsfg{ tof® 5}g . lgoldt u:tLsf qmddf o:tf ljs[lt k}mnfpg] u®]sf hf]sf]xLnfO{ sf®afxL ug]{ ul®Psf] bfaL k|x/Lsf] 5 . j8f k|x/L sfof{no, b®af®dfu{sf k|x/L lg®LIfs cfe"if0f ltdlN;gf k|x/Ln] o:tf ultljlwnfO{ k|>o glbPsf] bfaL u5{g \ . pgL eG5g\, …xfdLn] ljleGg clZnn g[To b]vfpg] ®]i6'®f“sf gt{sL ® dflnsnfO{ ;d]t kqmfp u®L d'2f rnfPsf 5f} + . sf®jfxL ePsf] 5, t® kqmfp ug]l{ alQs} ck®fwL 5'6fpg xfdLnfO{ 7"nf] bafj cfpg] ub{5 .Ú 7d]n Pl®of x]g{] j8f k|x/L sfof{nosf csf{ k|x/L lg®LIfs Zofd clwsf®Lsf] egfOdf d;fh kfn{®x¿sf] ljs[lt ®f]Sg] pgLx¿s} cg'udg ;ldlt ® ;+:yf ePsfn] k|x/Ln] cfk®flws lqmofsnfkdf x'g] 36gf afx]s cGo s'gd} f xft xfNb}g . clwsf®Lsf cg';f® d;fh kfn{® ® k|x/L k|zf;gsf] s]xL lbgcl3 b®af®dfu{sf] b®af® xf]6ndf ePsf] ;xdlt cg';f® d;fh kfn{®df sfd ug]x{ ¿n] 8«; ] nufpg'kg],{ tflnd k|FKtn] dfq d;fh ug'k{ g]{ ® of}ghGo lqmofsnfk gu®fpg] s'®f pNn]v lyof] . pgLx¿n] ;+oQ' m ¿kdf cfrf®;+lxtf klg agfPsf lyP . t® tL cfrf®;+lxtf Jojxf®df k"0f{¿kdf nfu" x'g eg] af“sL 5 . …pgLx¿n] o;nfO{ a]jf:tf ul®;s] .Ú k|x/L lg®LIfs clwsf®Lsf] egfO lyof] .s -lbg]z bfxfn ® j;Gt yklnofsf] ;xof]udf_

cfwf cfsfz

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kfndf sfg'gL pkrf®dfkm{t k|fKt dlxnf clwsf®sf] k|;Ë p7fpgf;fy ;kgf k|wfg dNnsf] gfd 5'6fof] eg] ;kgfdfly t cGofo x'G5 g} l;Ë} g]kfnL dlxnfdfly klg cGofo x'G5 . ;kgfn] clwjQmfsf] nfO;]G; lnPsf] sl®j b'O{ bzs eof] . o;aLrdf pgn] slt dlxnfnfO{ Gofo lbnfOg\ o;sf] lx;fa lstfa ®fv]sL 5}gg\ . t® k|To]s g]kfnLnfO{ ;sf®fTds k|efj kfg]{ h'g d'2fdf pgn] ®fi6« ax; rnfPsL 5g\, To;k|lt eg] uj{ ul5{g \ . uj{ gu?g\ klg lsg < ;kgfs} sf®0f g]kfndf ue{ktg, j}jflxs anfTsf®, 5f]®L ® 5f]®fnfO{ ;dfg Jojxf® tyf c+z h:tf lje]bk"0f{ sfg'gdf ;'wf® eP . t® ;kgf o;nfO{ cfkm" PSn}sf] ;kmntf 7fg]® udSs klb{gg\ . …of] l6d js{ xf],Ú pgL km]xl®:t nufp“l5g\, lgZro g} o;df d]®f] k|lta4tfn] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]ns ] f] 5 . vf;df ;kgfsf] …;kgfÚ OlGhlgo® aGg] lyof] . ;DkGg afa'sL 5f]®L ;kgfn] h] k9] klg k9fpg ;Sg] Ifdtf ®fVYof] kl®jf® . c¿ bfO lbbLn] 8fS6®, OlGhlgo®h:tf ljifodf cWoog ug{ yfn]kl5 pgsf] dg klg Tot}lt® 8f]l®Psf] lyof] . gjnk®f;Laf6 pRr lzIffsf nflu sf7df8f}+ xflgPkl5 ;kgfnfO{ n sn]hdf egf{ u®fOof] . u®fOof] o; dfg]df ls of] pgsf lktfsf] ?lr lyof] . ha pgn] ndf :gfts ul®g\ ta o; ljifodf pgsf] ®; a:b} uof] . o;}aLrdf pgn] lbNnL ljZjljBfnoaf6 sfg'gdf :gftsf]Q® ug]{ cj;® kfOg\ . cj;®sf] ;xL ;b'kof]u ug]{ afgL k®]sL ;kgf lgwf{l®t ;dodf k9fO ;s]® g]kfn kmls{Og\ . pgn] k9]® cfPsf] ljifonfO{ O6fnLdf k|fKt pRr lzIffn] cem kl®is[t agfof] . a}s + sdf klg pgn] s]xL ;do cWoog ul®g\ . o;kl5 k];fut lx;fan] ;kgfn] k5fl8 kms{g' k®]sf] 5}g . oltdfq} xf]Og, ;kgfsf sf®0f g]kfnL dlxnfn] hlt xs k|fKt u®]sf 5g\ To;df pgn] lz® 7f8f] kfg'{ c: jfefljs xf]Og . ;'?df pgn] s[i0fk|;fb e08f®L ® e®t®fh pk|t] Lsf] n kmd{df cEof; ul®g\ . pgsf] ?lr lyof] cf}Bf]lus ® >d sfg'g . To;} a]nf ;kgfn] dlxnfdflysf e]befjaf®] d];f] kfOg\ . o;kl5 lg0f{o ul®g\, ca d]®f] sfo{If]q dlxnf xslxtdf x'g5 ] . ;fdflhs, ;f+ : s [ l ts, wfld{ s sf®0fn] t dlxnfdfly e] b ePsf] 5

a'4

ofqf

Oct-Dec 2006

cfwf cfsfz g} sfg'gL e]befj cem u9]sf] ®x]5 eGg] s'®f klg pgnfO{ To;} a]nf ;'em\ of] . sl®a !% jif{cl3 klg dlxnfdflysf lje]bdf s'®f ug]x{ ¿sf] ;ª\Vof Go"g lyof] . ;kgf elG5g\– d}n] ;f]r,+] ;a}n] u®]sf] sfdeGbf s;}n] gyfn]sf] sfdaf6 Oltxf; lgdf{0f ug{ ;lsG5 . o;df cfkm"n] s] kfp“5' eGbf klg dlxnfsf] xsdf sfd x'g] b]v®] Totf cfslif{t ePsf] pgn] v'nfOg\ . ;kgf tL lbg ;DemlG5g\, klZrdf dlxnfx¿ ljz]if clwsf® ® ;dfgtfsf ljifodf s'®f ul®®x“bf g]kfnL dlxnfx¿ cfkm"dflysf] cGofo r'krfk ;lx/x]sf lyP . h:tf] ls ljljw lx+;f, anfTsf®, b'Jo{jxf®h: tf cGofodf klg g]kfnL dlxnfsf] kx'r “ sfg'gL pkrf® kfpg];Dddf lyPg . of] b]vk] l5 emg\ ;kgfnfO{ g]kfnL dlxnfsf] xs ® clwsf®sf nflu n8\g] lg0f{o ug{ an k'Uof] .

cfnf]rgf klg vKg'k¥of] cfkm\gf sf®0f ®fi6« ® ;dfhdf ;sf®fTds kl®jt{g x'gn ' fO{ ;kmntf 7fGg] ;kgf Tof] ePsf] 5 eGg klg sGh':ofO{ ulb{gg\ . ;kmn x'gnfO{ ;w+} ;sf®fTds x'gk' g],{ sfdk|lt k|lta4, c¿sf] ljifodf gsf®fTds s'®f] gug',{ nuftf® d]xgt ul®®xg', c¿sf] s'®f] Wofgk"js { ;'Gg' ® c¿sf] ljrf®nfO{ ;Ddfg ug'{ h:tf dGq cfjZos ePsf] pgsf] ts{ 5 . log} dGqsf cfwf®df cfkm\gf] ;kmntfsf] dfkg u®]sL 5g\ pgn] . o;f] t j}jflxs anfTsf®sf] lj?4df ha ;kgf jsfnt ug{ yflng\ dfG5]x¿n] pgL :jo+ j}jflxs hLjgaf6 ;Gt'i6 geP® of] ljifo aflx/ NofPsf] cf®f]k nufP . o:tf] c:j:y cfnf]rgf ku]N{ g x6]®, xf]Og 86]® cl3 a9\g] b[9tf pgL;“u 5“bl} yof] . o;sf nflu ljifoj:t'dfly ljZn]if0f, aflx/L d'ns ' af®]sf] hfgsf®L, cfdhgtfnfO{ ljifoj:t'df ;xdt u®fpg'k5{ eGg] klg pgnfO{ yfxf lyof] . jsfntdf jfsk6'tfsf] h?®L x'G5 h'g ;kgfdf hGdhft lyof] . o;s'®fsf] k'li6 o;y{ klg x'G5, h'g h'g d'2f lnP® pgL cbfntsf] 9f]sfdf k'lug\, k|foM ;a}df ;kmn eOg\ . lxhf] pgsf] ljifodf cfnf]rgf ug]x{ ¿ cfh c;To ;fljt ePsf 5g\ . ;kgf elG5g\, To;a]nf d ;xL 5' eGb} lx+8g\ g d;“u ;do lyof] g t OR5f g} . d d]®f] sfdn] oL cfnf]rgf ldYof x'g\ eGg] b]vfpg rfxfGy] . h'g k"®f ePsf] 5 . s]xL ldl8ofn] pgnfO{ …;]S;LÚ ;Dd eg] . o;nfO{ klg pgn] k"®} gsf®fTds ¿kdf lnPsL 5}gg\ . pgsf] ;f}bo{tfsf] a]nf–a]nf rrf{ x'G5 . …;a}nfO{ cfkm" ®fd|f] x'g ;s'“ eGg] nfUb}g ® < k|ltk|Zg ub}{ ;kgf ylK5g\, xf], dnfO{ ;a}n] ®fd|L eg]sf] dg k5{ . ®, cem ®fd|L b]lv®xg ;s'“ eG7fG5' .Ú o;f] t pgsf kl®jf®n] ;kgfnfO{ Pp6L 3® ;DxfNg] a'xf®Lsf ¿kdf leq\ofPsf lyP . l5d]sLn] ;kgfn] p7fPsf d'2fdf s'®f sf6]® 3®sf dfG5]nfO{ ;d]t cK7\of®f] kf®]sf lyP . c¿ t s] ;fgf] 5f]®f] ;d]t ;do glbPsf] axfgfdf 7'l:sGYof] . t® cfh kl®l:ylt 7Ls pN6f] ePsf] 5 . o'js 5f]®f] klg cfdfsf] sfdnfO{ …;xLÚ sf] ;+1f lbG5 . >Ldfg\ czf]s dNnn] aRrf ® 3®nfO{ nyflnË x'g glbP® ;kgfnfO{ pRr cWoogsf nflu h'g dfu{ k|z:t ul®lbP To;k|lt ;kgf cg'ul[ xt 5' elG5g\ \ . em§ ;'Gbf dnfO{ u®]sf] ;xof]u JolQmut h:tf] nfu] klg o;n] ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnL gf®LnfO{ ;xof]u u®]sf] 5 . cfwf hg;ª\Vofsf] ¿kdf ®x]sf g]kfnL gf®LnfO{ ;xof]u ug'{ eg]sf] ®fHonfO{ g} ;xof]u ug'{ xf] eGg] cfzo ;kgfsf] 5 . o;df b'Odt x'g] s'®f] klg ePg .

;j} k|fKt eof] < dlxnf xslxtsf ljifodf ;a} k|fKt eof] < pgn] rfx]sf] ;kmntf olt g} xf] < k|Zgdfly k|Zg t]:of{P klg ;kgfnfO{ emf]SsL agfpg ;lsGg . dGb d':sfg 5b}{ el®;So gd| af]nLdf k|fl1s z}nLsf;fy k|: tt' x'b“ } pgL elG5g\, ;kmntfsf] dfkb08 s] xf] < olt ePkl5 k'U5 eGg] 5 ® a'4

ofqf

Oct-Dec 2006

< d}n] ;kmntfsf] ;fgf] c+z k|fKt u®]sf] 5' eGg] nfU5 . km]l®, of] Ps lsl;dsf] k|lqmof xf] . ;dfh ljsf;sf qmddf dflg;sf cfjZostf ® dxTjfsf+Iff a9\b} hfG5g\ . tL k|flKtsf lglDt ;+3if{ hf®L ®fVg'k5{ . o;y{ clxn] k|fKt ;kmntfdf lrQ a'emfpg ;lsG5 t® oltdf g} k"0f{lj®fd nufpg'k5{ eGg] 5}g . ;kgfn] u®]sf sfd ;txL ¿kdf dlxnfsf oL d'2f eg]® cf}n + fdf uGg ;lsP klg o:tf cglulGt d'2f 5g\ h;sf af®]df ®fli6«o ® cGt®f{li6«o d~rx¿df …nljËÚ u®]sL 5g\ . dlxnf lx+;flj?4sf ;Dk"0f{ e]befj cGTo ug]{ dxf;lGw -l;8_, d'ns ' L P]g !! cf}+ ;+zf]wg ljB]os, dlxnf tyf afnaflnsnfO{ a]Zofj[lQdf nufpg gkfOg] ;fs{ a8fkq, a]Olhªdf ;DkGg ljZj dlxnf ;Dd]ngaf6 kfl®t a'b“ fsf] sfof{Gjogh:tf dxTjk"0f{ ljifodf pgn] sf7df8f}b+ l] v ;+oQ' m ®fi6«;3+ ;Dd cfjfh p7fPsL 5g\ . clxn] ;+oQ' m ®fi6«;3+ Lo ljleGg Ph]G;Ldfkm{t ;kgfnfO{ g]kfn afx]s ljleGg b]zdf klg dlxnfsf ;zQmLs®0fsf nflu …kf7 k9fpgÚ af]nfOG5 . o;sf cltl®Qm sfg'g;DaGwL g]kfnL sn]hx¿df lelhl6ª k|fk] m];®sf ¿kdf klg pgL sfo{®t 5g\ . olt ;kmntf k|fKt ePkl5 ;kgf 9'Ss eP® a;]ls xf]lng\ † eGg] s;}n] ;f]Rof] eg] To;nfO{ ;fx|} cGoyf 7fGg x'b“[ g} . ;kgf elG5g\, emg\ gof“ r'gf}tL ylkPsf 5g\ . ;docg';f® dlxnfx¿sf] dfu a'nGb ug'{

pgsf kl/jf/n] ;kgfnfO{ Pp6L 3/ ;DxfNg] a'xf/Lsf ¿kdf leq\ofPsf lyP . l5d]sLn] ;kgfn] p7fPsf d'2fdf s'/f sf6]/ 3/sf dfG5]nfO{ ;d]t cK7\of/f] kf/]sf lyP . c¿ t s] ;fgf] 5f]/f] ;d]t ;do glbPsf] axfgfdf 7'l:sGYof] 5, ®fHosf gLlt lgdf{0f txdf dlxnf k'?if a®fa®L x'g] l: yltsf] lgdf{0f ug'{ 5 . To;sf lglDt ug]{ ;+3if{ hf®L ePsf a]nf d s;®L r'krfk al;®xg ;S5' ® <

lrQ klg b'vs ] f] 5 ;kgf cfkm"n] ®fHonfO{, ;dfhnfO{, dlxnf cfGbf]ngnfO{ s] lbP“ < eGg] ljifodf lx;fa lstfa gu®]sf] atfp“l5g\ . t® cgfjZos nf~5gf ® l6sfl6Kk0fLn] eg] b'Mlvt agfPsf] u'gf;f] ul5{g \ . k|;Ë s]xL dlxgcl3sf] xf] . cGtl®d ljwfg d:of}bf ;ldltdf ;kgfsf] gfd rrf{df lyof] . t® pgsf] Tof] gfd clGtddf lgsflnof] . lsg < hgcfGbf]ng–@ df ;kgfsf] pkl:ylt h'n; ' df lyPg eGg] Psfy®Lsf] l6Kk0ffLnfO{ ;b® dfg]® Tof] lg0f{o ab® ePsf] lyof] . ;kgfnfO{ Tof] kb gkfPsf]df eGbf 7"nf] lrGTff unt l6Kk0fLk|lt lyof] . hgcfGbf]ngsf a]nf hf] h'n; ' df uPg To;n] dnfO{ s;®L b]V5 < ;kgfn] k|ltk|Zg ub}{ km]xl®:t nfOg\, h'n; ' Ps hgfn], b'O{ hgfn] ;8sdf uP® x'g] s'®f] xf]Og . g]kfn af® P;f]lzP;gsf s]Gb|Lo ;b: osf x}l;otn] sfg'g Joj;foLx¿sf] s'g} klg lj®f]w sfo{qmd cfkm"n] g5'6fPsf] pgn] atfOg\ . o;sf] k|df0fsf ¿kdf zDe' yfkf, dfwj af“:sf]6fnufotsf] pgn] gfd lnOg\ . sfg'g Joj;foLx¿ kqmfp kbf{ dlxnfdf cfkm" dfq} ePsf] klg pgn] atfOg\ . df]8n c:ktfnsf 8fS6®nfO{ yfxf 5 sltk6s 3fOt]nfO{ lnP® d c:ktfn uP“ . clxn] cfP® ddfly h'g cfIf]k nufOof] Tof] dfkmL lbgnfossf] 5}g, ;kgf elG5g\ . x'g klg xf], cfkm" cnlug c¿nfO{ xf]Rofpg'k5{ eGg] 5 ® < s

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x]bf{x]b}{ Pp6f cljjflxt @( jifL{o cfTdLo ldq xfdLnfO{ ;bfsf nflu 5f]8]/ o; wtL{af6 ljbf eof] . xfd|f nflu of] lj5f]8 clk|o / lgb{oL lyof] . t/ b}jsf] nLnf, lg/Lx xfdL s] g} ug{ ;SYof}+ / <

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jgofqfsf psfnL cf]®fnLx¿df sof}+ e]l6G5g\, clg sof}+ 5'l6G5g\ klg . o;} bf}®fgdf sl®a ;ft jif{cl3 d}n] cgGo ldqsf ¿kdf ;'eG] b|nfO{ e]6s ] f] lyP“ . x/]s ljifodf uxlsnf] ts{ u®L hf] s;}sf] lrQ a'emfpg ;Sg] ;'eG] b|df lg:jfy{ efjgf ® ;do;fk]If ¿kdf dflg;n] af“Rg l;Sg'k5{ eGg] l;¢fGt lyof] . pm cfWoflTds lrGtgdf ®d]® lrGtsx¿åf®f lnlvt k':tsx¿ k9\Yof] . To;}df cfgGb lnGYof] ® zfGt :jefjsf] dfG5] lyof] . pm a'4 Po®sf] PsfpG6 ;]S;gdf sfd uYof] { . k®f® ;fn d]®f] a'jf la®fdL kbf{ xl:k6n ® gl;{ª xf]ddf cf}wL dbt u®]Yof] . Tof] avt a'jfnfO{ s] nfu]Yof] s'GgL– …s]6f] uhjsf]] ®x]5Ú eGg'xG' Yof] . tLg jif{cl3dfq p;sf] k]6sf] ck]; | g ePsf] lyof] . ljr®fnfO{ k]6sf] SofG;® ePsf] ®x]5 . pkrf®sf] l;nl;nfdf k6s k6s lsdf]y®] fkL, ®]l8of] y]®fkL cflb ubf{ skfnsf] ®f}+ ;a} em®]® cg'xf® kx]n + f] ® lgGofp®f] b]lv+bf hf] sf]xL p;nfO{ lrGg]x¿ eG7fGy]– …s7}j®f π s:tf] dfG5] s: tf] eof] .Ú b}jsf] nLnf g xf], ;dosf] ®km\tf®;“u} p;nfO{ qmlds ;'wf® x'g yfNof] . cg'xf®df rds b]lvg yfNof] . k]6df Knfl:6ssf] y}nf] -Aofu_ ®fv]®} klg ;xh ag]® clkm; cfpg yfNof] . x]bf{xb] {} em®]sf skfn knfpg yfn] .

Ps lbg ukm} ukmdf p;n] eg]Yof]– …jf:tjdf d]®f] hLjg slt g} xf]nf ® bfO π w]®} lbg 5}gh:tf] nfU5 .Ú Toltv]® d}n] eg]y–+] …To;f] geg . of] cg'xf®n] Tof] b]vfp“bg} . a? 7"n} b;f 6®]h:tf] 5, ca lglZrGt eP x'G5 . Tof] jvt vfgf klg skfsk vfGYof] . eGYof]– …cfh ef]ln bfO π dnfO{ c;fWo ef]s nfU5, s] eP® xf]nf xlu <Ú d eGy]–+ …®fd|} nIf0f xf] . ?lr a9\g' ®fd|} s'®f xf] .Ú ;ft cf7 dlxgfcl3 PSsfl;– …lk;fk km]g{ ufx|f] x'G5, k]6 klg s'6–' s'6' b'lv®f5, k5fl8sf] 3fp a9]h: tf] 5 bfO π s] ug]{ xf]nf <Ú eg]Yof] . d}n] …km]l® 8fS6®nfO{ b]vfpg'k5{ b]vfOxfn eg] + .Ú pkrf®sf nflu ef]lnkN6} rfjlxnl:yt ç gl;{ª xf]ddf uOof] ® SofG;® ;h{g 8f= ;'gLns'df® zdf{nfO{ b]vfOof] . a]ns ' f l9n} kfnf] cfof] . 8fS6®n] ;a} s'®f a'em]® 3fp r]s u®]kl5 d'v lauf®]® eGf]–] …3fp t lgs} 7"nf] ® v®fj eO;s]5 efO πÚ d}n] aLr}df lh1f;f ®fv]+– …o;nfO{ e®tk'®sf] SofG;® xl:k6n of ef®t tyf cGo d'ns ' nu]® ck|; ] g jf s]xL u®]® 7Ls xf]nf lg, x}g 8fS6®;fx]j πÚ 8fS6®n] eg]–] …c;Dej . obfsbf

s;}sf] 7Ls eP klg pgsf] x'g ufx|f] 5 . 7"n} d]h® ck|; ] g ug{ ;lsG5 t® To;n] sfd u5{ g} eGg] 5}g . ck®];g ;kmn eP klg kl5 cfwf x/ grNg] ;Defjgf x'G5 ® emg s'?k eP® af“Rg'kg]{ cj:yf;d]t cfpg ;S5 .

To;}n] a? lgoldt 8«l] ;ª ug]{ a:g] egL cf}ifwL n]lvlbP .

8fS6®sf]] sf]7faf6 aflx]® lgl:sbf pm d]®f] xft ;dft]® ;'S“ s ;'S“ s ?“b} lyof]– ;'Gg'eof] bfO π d}n] Tolt 7"nf] ck®fw t s]xL u®]h:tf] nfUb}g, k®Gt' lsg dnfO{ of] ;hfo lbO{ ®x]5g\ eujfgn] . wGg d]®f afa'cfdf ®x]5g\ bfO π x'g t ;a} afj'cfdfsf nflu cfkm\gf] 5f]®f] Kof®f] x'G5 t® v} dnfO{ nfU5– d]®f afj'cfdf hlt dfof ug]{ of] ;+;f®df sf]xL xf]nfh:tf] nfUb}g . slxn]sfxL+ cfkm"n] cfkm"nfO{ g} lwSsf5{' bfO π 5f]®] f]] hGDof], x'Sof],{ a9\of], k9\of], cfkm\gf] v'§fdf pleg ;Sg] eof], ca t ;'v zflGtsf lbg lkm®] eGg] a]nfdf pN6} pgLx¿n] ®f]h d]®f] :ofxf® ;';f® ug'{ kl®®x]5 . pN6} xf“:b} x“;fp“b+ } 7Ls eOxfN5 lg, lsg cflQPsf] pNn' egL c¿ la®fdLsf] pbfx/0f lbP® ;Demfp“5g\ . slxn]sfxL+ t nfU5 d v'j} efUodfgL ®x]5 ' . o:tf eujfg¿kL afa'cfdf, 7"nf] a'jfcfdf kfPsf] 5' eG7fG5' . x]bf{xb] {} k';b]lv t clkm;} cfpg ;s]g . yn} k¥of] ag]kfsf] 3®df . slxn]sfxL+ kmf]gdf ;Dks{ x'GYof]– xtfl®+b} ;f]Wy]–+ …;'eG] b| π clxn] s:tf] 5 <Ú p;sf] hjfkm x'GYof]– …v} bfO ;f®} ufx|f] ef 5, clg c¿ s] 5 bfO clkm;sf] xfn vj® . ;fyLefOx¿nfO{ ;f]ws ] f] 5 elGbg'xf]nf . af]Ng ufx|f] eof] kmf]g ®fv]+ x} bfO πÚ d efjlj≈n x'Gy] + . dg g} vNnf] x'GYof] . p;n] slxn]sfxL+ ;Dem]® kmf]g uYof] { . eGYof]– …vf]O{ bfO dnfO{ t s] eof] eof] cf}ifwLn] klg vf;} sfd u®]sf] 5}g ls Sof xf] π w]®} y®L cf}ifwL k]6df kl®;Sof] . s'gn] 7Ls x'g] xf] x]®f}+ ========== . @)^# ;fnsf] h]i7 !( ut] z'qmaf® dR5]Gb|gfysf] ef]6f] b]vfpg] lbg d ;'eG] b|sf]] 3®df hfg tlD;P“ . ptf l;6L ;]N;\ xfQL;f® clkm;sf] ;fyL kjg yklnof ® ls®0f bjf8Ln] tkfO{+ hfg] eP xfdLnfO{ klg vj® ug'{ eg]sfn] kmf]g u®] + . tLg} hgf sf]6Z] j®df e]6g\ ] ;Nnfx eP adf]lhd d clkm; aflx/ lg:sb} lyP“ . em\jf:; ;Dem]+ cfh dR5]Gb|gfysf] olt 7"nf] ®y ofqf b]vfpg] ;'cj;® 5, o:tf] kfjg cj;®df gf®fo0fsf] k|;fb nu]® p;nfO{ nufOlbg kfP slt ®fd|f] x'GYof] xf]nf egL ®ytkm{ uO{ k'hf®L;“u k|;fb lnO{ jg]kftkm{ k|:yfg u®] + . emkSs bfxL| kfn]sf], lgGofp®f] cg'xf® lnP® ;'ts ] f] ;'eG] b|df ;f“Rr}sf] la®fdLsf] ¿k b]lvof] . dg vNnf] ef] . glhs}sf] d'9fdf uP® a;] + . s]xL pHofnf] ® v';L d'bf| df pm p7\g vf]Hof] . …gp7 kl®>d k5{Ú eGof} + . xfdL tLg} hgf clkm;sf] 8]; « df lyof} + . Tolt a]nf clkm;s} dfxf]ndf 5'h:tf] klg p;nfO{

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a'4

ofqf

Oct-Dec 2006

;+:d/0f nfUof] xf]nf . eGof]– …bfO o:tf] kf] 5 d]®f] ult . cfdfx¿ vfgnfO{ s® ug'x{ G' 5, cfkm"nfO{ k6Ss} dg nfUb}g . pN6} jfsjfsL cfpg vf]H5 . l38\l38f] eP“ bfO, lbg gcfO{ rfx]® klg dg{ ;ls+bf] ®x]g5 .

Psl5g Toxf“ a:bf y'k}| s'®fx¿ eP . ®fhgLltsf s'®f eP . km'6an ;DaGwL s'®f eP . hL0f{ z®L®, emkSs bfxL| kfn]sf] cg'xf®df pm af]Nb} uof]– …clkm;sf] xfn vj® s] 5, lro®Dofg ;®, Pd\= l8= ;®\-aL/]Gb| axfb'/ a:g]t _ ® ;'lgtf efph" -Pd8L ;/sf] >Ldlt_ sf] xfn vj® s] 5 <Ú nfUYof] of] dfG5]nfO{ s]xL lbgdf 7Ls x'G5 . a:bfa:b} ;do uPsf] kQ} ePg kf“r alh;s]5 . cGtdf p;sf] 7"nf]aj' f, cfdf ® ;fyL l®k]g;“u labf dfu]® xfdL Tof] lbg kmSof} +{ . csf]{ k6s d PSn} c;f® !) ut] pgLsxf“ hfg egL lx+8 +] . p;sf] xfnt emg} v®fj eP5 . p;n] la:tf®} s]xL eGg vf]hh ] : tf] lyof] d}n] aLr}df– …kl®jf® lnP/ cfpg kfOg . sfdsfhsf] dWo;do k¥of] kl5 Nofp“nf x'Gg <Ú eg] + . geP® s] ug'{ bfO π Nofpg' ePgÚ eGof] . l5gl5gdf 3fp lgs} b'Vof] egL s®fp“bf] ®x]5 . b'AnfP® b'O{ ufnf hf]l8g vf]hs ] f, xft–kfv'®f lemgf–dl;gf eP5g\ . ;f]w–+] …?lr slQsf] 5 <Ú la: tf®} 6fpsf] xNnfP® eGof]— k6Ss} 5}g . lgGofp®f] cg'xf®df pm elg®x]sf] lyof] SofG;® t tkfO{s + f] a'jfnfO{{ klg eof] . t® olt s:6 em]Ng' k®]sf] lyPg lg xlu bfO π dnfO{ t emg} ;f®f] e}Ú®f 5 . k5fl8sf] 3fp a9]® a]xfn 5 . lkksf] wf®f nfU5 . csf]{ s'®f bfO π lk;fk klg cufl8af6 eGbf k5fl8 3fpaf6 a9L aUg yfn]sf] 5 πÚ d lg®Gt® ;'lg®x] + . Pstdf; p;nfO{ x]l®®x] + . efjljx\jn eP“ . eg]–+ …;'eG] b| s] u®f},+ ltd|f] of] lk8f af“8®] lng kfP ltdLnfO{ slt xNsf x'GYof] xf]nf, s] u®f}+ ;lsPg .Ú yfx} kfOg d]®f cf“vf klg ®;fP5g\ .

6nkn–6nkn cf“;' ln+b} eg]–+ …b;f ®x]5 efO π sltGh]n;Dd b'Mv kfpg n]vs ] f] 5, To;kl5 t s'dfn]sf] rqmem}+ lj;]s x'g] lbg klg cfOxfN5 lg . slxn] b'Mv, slxn] ;'v o:t} xf] . a? d}n] s]xL ug'k{ g]{ 5 t < ;'gLtf efph"n] b'O{ tLg k6s eGbf a9L eO;Sof] ;f]Wg' ePsf]– …clxn] ;'eG] b|nfO{ s:tf] 5 < p;sf] cufl8 pleg} ;ls+bg} pm klg ?G5 . cfkm"nfO{ klg s] x'G5 x'G5Ú eGg'xG' Yof] . a? xfdLn] xfd|f] tkm{af6 ug{ ;lsg] s]xL 5 eg] ;f]Wg'xf]nf eGg'ePsf]Ú s'®f ;'gfP“ . t® pm d]®f] s'®f ;'g®] x]l®dfq ®x\of] . ;fob p;n] ;f]Rof] xf]nf of] cj:yfdf s;n] s] kf] ug]{ < PSsfl; d'v vf]Nof]— pxf“n] Tolt eGg' g} nfv 5 bfO . Psl5g o;f] 3f]l®of] clg km]l® eGof]– …;f“lRr vu]Gb|bfOnfO{ s:tf] 5 < la®fdL x'gx' G' 5 ®] eGg] ;'g +] . clkm; t cfpg yfNg'eof] <Ú aLr}df p;sf] cfdfn] eGg'eof]– …vu]Gb| afa' lgs} la®fdL kf] kg'e{ of] ls Sof xf], x“ afa' <Ú ;f]r—+] oL s:tf dg'io hf] cfkm\gf] lk8f, j]bgf n'sfP® c¿sf] lrGtfdf lk®f]lnG5g\ . ;fob p;sf] kl®jf®;“u vu]Gb|sf] lgs6 ;DaGwn]] xf]nf . xd];f pm eGg] uYof]–{ …a'4 Po®n] dnfO{ 7"nf] u'0f nufPsf] 5 . of] C0f d lt®]® ltg{ ;lSbg xf]nf bfO πÚ pm eGYof]– …d la®fdL kbf{ xfd|f] Pd= l8= ;® oxL 3®df cfpg' ePYof] dnfO{ x]g { . a'4 Po®n] d]®f] pkrf®sf] nflu OlG8of hfg xjfO{ l6s6sf] ;d]t Joj:yf u®]sf] lyof] . sof}+ lbg ynf kl®of] . clkm; cfpg ;lsPg . t} klg d]®f] 7fp“df c¿ s;}nfO{ ®fv]sf] lyPg . d]®f] ;L6 ;'®lIft g} ®x]sfn] km]l® sfd ug]{ cj;® kfP“ . ®f]usf] sf®0f Ps} 7fp“df a:g g;lsg] x'b“ f cfkm\gf] l;6 5f]8®] otfptf, tndfly uy] +{ . jf:tjdf 5'65 } 6' lyof] dnfO{ a'4 Po®df . oxf“;DdsL 3®df o;®L nl8®x]sf] 5', clkm;df uP® sfd ug{ ;lSbg, t}klg cfhsf lbg;Dd a'4 Po®n], tna lbO®x]sf] 5 . ;fyLefOx¿sf] dfof kfO®x]sf] 5' . :j:y x'g kfPsf] eP, bfO π d a'4 Po®sf nflu cfkm\gf] tkm{af6 s] ug{ ;lsG5 u®]® b]vfpg] sf]l;; uy] +{ . t® bfO π of] h'gLdf olts} xf]sL .Ú dg pynk'yn eof] . dfg;k6ndf p;}sf] ofbn] ;tfof] . dg af“Wg} ;lsg . c;f® #! ut] zlgaf® km]l® Toxf“ k'u +] . 3®sf] d"n 9f]sf v'Nn} a'4

ofqf

Oct-Dec 2006

®x]5 . e¥ofª r9]® dfly sf]7fdf uP“ . em§ p;nfO{ b]v +] . cg'xf® t un]® vtd eO;s]sf] ®x]5 . x]g{ t p;n] 6f7} eP® x]¥of] . ;'wf® k6Ss} ePsf] ®x]g5 . nfUof] xfd|f] ;fldKodf of] w]®} lbg ®x+bg} ls s;f] < ;fd'Gg] p;sf] cfdf al;®xg'ePsf] ®x]5 . …lglZft ® cf]dLsf] xfn vj® s] 5Ú egL la: tf®} ;f]Wof] . l;®fg}g®] af6 kfrssf] a§f lgsfn]® eGof]– …vfg';\ bfO π ld7f] 5 .Ú d}n] vfP“ . s]xL j]®kl5 cem} la®fdL glhs ;®]+ ® eg]–+ …;'eG] b| π d}n] ltd|f] af®]df s]xL n]vs ] f] 5' d k9]® ;'gfp“5' x} <Ú p;n] la:tf®} …x'G5Ú egL 6fpsf] xNnfof] . d cfkm"n] n]vs ] f] k9\b} uP“ . pm Ps tdf;;“u PslrQ eP® ;'lg®x\of] . k9\bf–k9\b} em§ p;sf] cfdfnfO{ x]® +] . cfdf uxe®L cf“;' kfb}{ ;'lg®xg'ePsf] ®x]5 . kl9;s]® la®fdLnfO{ ;f]w–+] …s:tf] 5 < s]xL yk–36 ug'k{ g]{ 5 ls π d}n] of] cfufdL cfpg] a'4 Po®sf] ofqf klqsfdf ®fVg] ;f]r agfPsf] 5' . p;n] la:tf®} …7Ls 5 bfO π b]vs ] f] n]Vg'ef5Ú dfq eGof] . p;n] eGof]– …a? kmf]6f] rflxPdf efO;“u dfUg'xf]nf pm;“u 5 .Ú p;sf] cfdf ?+b} wf]tLsf] ;Ksf]n] cf“;' k'5b\ } x'gx' G' Yof] . Ps l5gkl5 cfdfn] eGg'eof]– …afa' π eujfgn] xfdLnfO{ 7"n} cGofo u®] . o:tf] ®f]u t cfk"mnfO{ sf6\g–] dfg]{ ;q'nfO{ ;d]t gk®f]; \ .Ú …;'eG] b| π clxn] uP“ x}Ú eg] + . p;n] ;'Gof]ls ;'gg] yfx} ePg . cf]ng{ nfUbf cfdfn] …;a}nfO{ ;f]ws ] f] elGbg' clg vu]Gb| afa'nfO{ klg ;f]ws ] f] 5' eGg

uPsf] ;fpg ^ ut] zlgaf/ laxfg ;jf rf/ ah]sf] x“b' f] xf], d d:t lgGb|fdf lyP“ . kmf]g cfof], ;'eG] b|sf]] efOsf] /x]5 . xtfl;+b} eg]–+ …lsg – s] ef]] < Ú p;n] ?+b} eGof]– …bfO laTg' ef] .Ú gla;{g" x} afa' πÚ eGg'eof] . d}n] …x'G5Ú egL 6fpsf] xNnfp“b} aflx/ lg:s] + . ptf ;'eG] b|sf efO s[kG] b|nfO{ k;n vf]Ng hfg'kg]{ ®x]5 . b'a} hgf k;ndf k'Uof} + . bfO ;'eG] b|sf af®]df n]vs ] f s'®f cfdf ® :jod\ la®fdLnfO{ ;'gfPsf] s'®f atfP“ . p;n] klg xQ g kQ d]®f] xftaf6 sfuh lnP® k9\of] . kl9;s]® sfuh dnfO{ lbO{ k;n aflx/ cfP® ;'S“ s–;'S“ s ?+b} cf“;' k'5g\ yfNof] . uPsf] ;fpg ^ ut] zlgaf® laxfg ;jf rf® ah]sf] x“b' f] xf], d d:t lgGb|fdf lyP“ . kmf]g cfof], ;'eG] b|sf]] efOsf] ®x]5 . xtfl;+b} eg]–+ …lsg π s] ef] ] < Ú p;n] ?+b} eGof]– …bfO laTg' ef] .Ú dg :tAw ef] . 6fpsf] ef®L ef] . d'6' uf“7f] k¥of] . To;kl5 t lgGb|} nfu]g . otfptf ubf{ub}{ ljxfg eO;s]5 . p;sxf“ hfg] tof®L ug{ yfn] + . lgZfLtnfO{ kmf]g u®] + . pm klg tof®Ld} ®x]5 ® d klg ca lx+8] eGb} af6f] nfu] + . k'Ubf p;sf] zj 3®af6 lgsfn]® 3f6df n}hfg] t®v® eO®x]sf] ®x]5 . clkm;sf ;fyLx¿ vu]Gb|, lgd]z, lblnk, z'efif, lgzLt, kjg, u+uf, zDe', lg®h ® k|sfznfO{ e]6 +] . To;kl5 bfx;+: sf®sf nflu pgLx¿sf] u'7Lsf ® cfkmGtx¿;“u} ;j}hgf 3f6df uOof] . zjnfO{ lrtfdf ®fv]kl5 cfkmGtx¿n] c~h'nLdf hn nuL d'vdf ®flvlbg] ;+:sf® ®x]5 . xfdL ;a}n] To;} uof} +{ . Psl5g Toxf“ plePkl5 a'jf, 7"nf]aj' f ® efO;“u labf lnP® xfdL ;'eG] b|sf] 3®df uof} + . 3®df p;sf] cfdf, lbbL, km'k" ® cfkmGtx¿sf] lrTsf® lyof] . ;f“Rr} Toxf“ Pp6f 7"nf] ah|kft ePsf] lyof] . ;'eG] b|sf] cfdf;“u} clkm;sf] ;fyL ;[hgf klg ?+b} u®]sf] b]v +] . vu]Gb| klg cfdfsf] ;fd'Gg] a;]® ®f]O®x]sf] lyof] . To; a]nfsf] b[Zo atfP® atfpg ® n]v®] n]Vg ;Sg] l:ylt lyPg . cfdfnfO{ ;Demfpg ® labf dfUg uPsf xfdL 9f]sfaf6 6\jfNn k®]® x]®s ] f] x]¥o} eof}+ ® kmSof{ +} . x]bf{xb}{ Pp6f cljjflxt @( jifL{o cfTdLo ldq xfdLnfO{ ;bfsf nflu 5f]8®] o; wtL{af6 ljbf eof] . xfd|f nflu of] lj5f]8 clk|o ® lgb{oL lyof] . t®, b}jsf] nLnf, …x'gx] f/ b}j g6f/Ú eg] em}+ lg®Lx xfdL s] g} ug{ ;SYof}+ ® < s

;flxTo÷syf

;'Gb/ em\ofn .. elu/yL >]i7

p

d]®sf] ;'Gb® em\ofn aGb ePkl5 nlntf d"naf6f]af6 lsgf®flt® nfuL . r'krfk lsgf®fsf] hLjg zfGt eP® :jLsf®L . cfuf] s]xL ;do an]sf] lyof] . p;sf] Xbodf, s;nfO{ pmleqsf] cfuf] b]vfpg] < h'g cfuf] c¿n] xf]Og, cfkm}n “ ] ;NsfPsL lyO{ . pd]®sf] ;'Gb® em\ofn agfpg] Ifdtf t eujfg\n] p;nfO{ lbPsf] lyPg . h'g a]nf p;sf] ;'Gb® em\ofnsf] rdsbds lgs} dflyNnf] :t®df k'us ] f] lyof], ;Lldt ;do;Dd p;n] Tof] ;'Gb® em\ofnnfO{ cem ;'Gb® kf®L ef}lts ;fdu|Lx¿n] . af®aGwg nufP® lxkmfhg klg u®L . l56f kg{ lbOg cfkm\gf] cfsif{s ;kmf em\ofndf sxL“st}af6 klg . RofTgaf6 hf]ufO{ . c¿ ;do ;]tf] kfgfem}+ ;kmf ®fVg k|oTg u®L . sxL“st} klg

vf]Ng lbOg s;}sf] xftaf6 . cfkm}“ cfTdd'Uw x'GyL cfkm\gf] ;'Gb® em\ofn b]v®] . ;'Gb® em\ofn gbL xf], aUb} u®]sf] ;dosf] 5fn xf], hf] aUg hfg]sf] x'G5, kms{g hfg]sf] x'b“ g} . of] ;TonfO{ nlntfn] s'g tl®sfn] lnPsL 5, yfxf 5}g . y'k}| y'k}| ;dk{0f, cg'go ® ljgosf nfjfn:s®nfO{ p;n] kmsf{OlbO{ . cfdfafa', bfh' ® efph"sf] ;DemfOn] ® a'emfOn] p;sf] ¿k emg\ pu| x'GYof], dfgf}+ p;sf] an]sf] cfuf]df t]n vGofOlbPsf] xf];\ kl®jf®n] . v} lsg xf] p;n] cfkm\gf] ;'Gb® em\ofnsf vfkfx¿ vf]lng\, lsg pm lgd{d eO{ < s;}sf nflu vf]lng em\ofn . r'sn ' nufO®fvL x/xd];f . p;sf] s7f]® dg em\ofn vf]Ng kUng} ;s]g . cGtdf ;a} xf® vfP® cfcfkm\g} af6flt® nfu] . nlntfn] tL rfxg]x¿nfO{ hldgd} x/fPsf] b]VyL– dfgf}+ ltgLx¿ afdk'8s \ ] 5g\ cyjf sfd gnfUg] emf®kftx¿ x'g,\ hf] slxNo} ;Unf] :j¿k lnP® clUng ;Sb}gg\ . g t ltgLx¿nfO{ cfkm\gf] ;dsIfdf ®fVg ;sL g t r'nLdf ®fVg ;sL . pmleq a'4

ofqf

Oct-Dec 2006

;flxTo÷syf s:tf] lsl;dsf] ljifd j[lQn] cfsf® lnPsf] lyof] s'lGg, p;nfO{ rfxg] ;a}nfO{ rfdnsf] e';em}+ kmfnL . o;f] ug{ kfp“bf p;n] cfkm\gf] zlQm ® ;f}Gbo{sf] ljho 7fGyL . p;sf] oxL s7f]® j[lQsf sf®0f pmleqsf] ;+jb] gf kfgL x'g ;s]g . cfkm\gf] :jlgld{t h+unL sfg'gnfO{ hyfefjL nfu" u®L p;n] . p;nfO{ rfxg]x¿n] cGtdf xf® vfPkl5 ljifsf] ef“8f] pmdfly vGofpg yfn]– zAbljif, zAbaf0f . nlntf km"n xf]Og, SofS6;– laem\g] SofS6; ®lx5 . wGg hf]luof} + .

SofS6;sf nfdfnfdf sf“8fn] 3f]Rbf s] ult x'GYof] xfd|f] † r§fg ®lx5, To;n] lyRbf xfd|f] cl:tTjsf] s] b'u{lt x'GYof] † p;sf] ;'Gb® em\ofn ljifsGofsf] bf“th:t} ®x]5, To;n] 6f]ss ] f] eP xfd|f] k'®ifTjsf] xf® x'GYof] .

Ps lbg Tof] p;sf] ;'Gb® em\ofn 9Ng]5, pKsg]5, ®+u®f]ug hfg]5, yf]qf] x'g5 ] . sfd} gnfUg] x'g5 ] . s] o;sf] cfef; p;nfO{ 5}g < o:tf] b'ef{Uok"0f{ lbg cfpg]5 p;sf nflu, pm yf]qf] ;fdfgsf] kf]sf] eP® ldNsg]5 ] . clezfku|:t x'g5 ] Ps lbg p;sf] ;'Gb® em\ofn . p;}sf cufl8 xfd|f] hLjgpT;j w"dwfd dgfpg'k5{ . s] p;nfO{ cfkm\gf] eljiosf] leQfdf hLjgsf ljZj:t ® dgdf]xs ®]vfx¿ sf]g{ dg nfUb}g < s] p;nfO{ bl®nf] ;xofqLsf] h?®t 5}g < cfh pm cfkm\gf] ;'Gb® em\ofnk|lt g} ;dlk{t 5]– To;}n] 6f“l;PsL 5 . To;}n] p;n] hLjgsf] ;aeGbf 7"nf] pknlAw dfg]sL 5 .

Ps lbg ;d'bs | f] PSnf] 6fk'em}+ PsfsL hLjg latfpg'kg]5 { . p;nfO{ ;dfpg] xftx¿ Tolt a]nf x/fpg]5g\ . kms]®{ cfpg] 5}gg\ . ;dosf] ;f]emf] af6f] eTs]kl5 sf] cfp“5 ® < o;®L tL tLvf Joª\Uojf0f ® k|xf®n] ta;Dd 5f]Pgg\ p;nfO{ ha;Dd p;sf] ;'Gb® em\ofnsf] ®+u p8]sf] lyPg . ;dosf] cGt®fnkl5 klxnf] cfqmd0fsf] cfxt cg'ej ta eof] p;nfO{, ha p;sf] em\ofnsf] ;f}Gbo{sf] ®+u p8\g yfNof] . klxnf]kN6 p;n] b]vL– cfkm\gf] ;'Gb® em\ofn pHofnf] aQLem}+ lge]sf] 5 . em:sL cfkm\g} lge]sf] em\ofn b]v®] . p;sf cf“vfx¿ aNn v'n,] ta;Dd ;dosf] 9f]sf sdhf]® eO;s]sf] lyof] . To;sf] cfsif{0f ljsif{0f eO;s]sf] lyof] .

To;kl5 cfkmGtx¿ ® Oi6ldqx¿af6 p;sf] ®+u p8]sf] em\ofnsf af®]df ef“lrPsf s'®fx¿ x'g yfn] . nlntfsf] cg'xf®df pd]®sf] alnof] wAaf b]lvof], dfgf}+ p;sf] ;'Gb® em\ofndf u|x0f nfu]sf] xf]; \ . p;sf] ;'Gb® em\ofndf em\ofpx¿ pd|s ] f 5g\ . ca Toxf“ pHofnf]n] af; a:g 5f]8s ] f] h:t} 5 . ;f}Gbo{sf] ®+u p8\g yfn]kl5 s;sf] b[li6n] jf:tf u5{ ® † c“w®] f]sf] kl5 nfUg] d"vx{ ¿ 5}gg\ . slnnf] kxf8 ®vf];v ' f] kxf8 eO{ . cfdfafa'n] o;®L b'v; ] f] kf]Vg nfu]– oxL Kof®L 5f]®L km"nsf] y'u“ f lyO{, clxn] 9'u+ fh:t} ef® eO{ . o;s} ;'Gb® em\ofnn] xfdL;d]t pHoflnPsf lyof},+ clxn] 3fd gnfUg] lr;f] e'Oh “ :t} c“Wof®f] eof} + . xfd|f dd{sf kfgfx¿ RofltlbO{ of] 5f]®Ln] . a'4

ofqf

Oct-Dec 2006

v's®' LeGbf sb{ nfUg] ePkl5 s;sf] s] nfU5 < slnnf] pd]®nfO{ slnn} ;dodf ;b'kof]u ug{ ;lsPg . p;sf] xftdf d]xbL nufpg c;dy{ eof} + . p;sf] 8f]nL ;hfpg klg ;s]gf} + . ca t l5lKkPsf] ?v ePkl5 xf]; v'Nnf lg . ;'Gb®tf lg cfu} ®x]5 . cfkm" klg hnL, c¿nfO{ klg hnfO{ .

Pp6L 5f]®LnfO{ clt ;hfp“bf ® p;sf] em\ofnsf] k|z; + f clt ubf{ xfd|} lz®dfly 9'u+ f km\of“sL . k9fof},+ ®fd|f] ;+:sf® lbg ;s]gf} + . ha cfkm\gf ® k®fOsf jf0fLaf6 lg:s]sf af+ufl6+uf s'®fx¿ ;'gL, ta ;Dk"0f{ ¿kdf vf]lnP p;sf dgsf cf“vfx¿ . ;f]rL, s] pm ;f“Rr} g} sfd gnfUg] kf]sf] eO{ t † h'g kf]sfnfO{ 3®sf] s'g} klg :yfgdf ®fVg cToGt emGem6 x'G5, : jLsfo{ x'b“ g} . p;nfO{ cfkm\g} kl®jf®sf] ;flGgWon] klg cfuf]n] em}+ kf]Ng nfUof] . aGwgh:t} 7fgL kfl®jfl®s ;flGgWo klg . pgLx¿sf JoQm–cJoQm c;Gt'li6, kL8f ® u'gf;fx¿ 3®x¿ x“l;ofsf] wf®h:t} nfUof] nlntfnfO{ . kl®jf®;“u wfl®nf zAbaf0f rnfP® a:g' plrt 7flgg p;n] . p;n] PsfGt :yn ®f]hL .

PsfGt 3®, PSnf] hLjg :jLsf® u®L .

kZrftfksf] l;:gf]n] kf]n]g p;nfO{, lsgls tTsfn} ;kmf u®]® kmfnL tL pd|g nfu]sf l;:gfsf af]6x?nfO{ . pmleqsf] xnrn zfGt eO;s]sf] lyof] .

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;f eg]kl5 dxfb]jsf] tLgg]q eGg] s'®faf6 clkm|sL d'ns ' dfnL klg c5'tf] ®x]g5 . Toxf“dfly k|x/Lx¿ t Hofb} dfkfsf] kf] x'b“ f®x]5g\ . cfkm\gf b]zdf cfPsf kfx'gfx¿;“u ;Sg] hlt 7Ug] pgLx¿sf] lgotn] xfdL emG8} 3® kms{g] hxfh 5'6fpg' k®]sf] . s'®f uPsf] c;f® dlxgfsf] xf] . Knfg OG6®];gnn] dfnLsf] ®fhwfgL afdfsf]df cfof]hgf u®]sf] o'jf dfWod ® ljsf; ;Dd]ng @))^ df ;xefuL eO kms{b} lyof} + . afdfsf] ljdfg:ynn] slxNo} glj;{g] 36gf h'®fOlbof] w]®} ;s;sf ;fy . clkm|sfk|lt h'g ;xfg'el" t ® ;befj hfu]sf] lyof], ljdfg: ynsf ;'®Iff hf“rdf ®x]sf k|x/Lx¿sf] Jojxf®n] Tof] sl®j sl®j rsgfr'® g} agfOlbPsf] lyof] . ;Dd]ngdf sof}+ ®fd|f s'®fsf dfem of] Pp6f 36gfn] Hofb} lttf] cg'ej lnP® 3® kms{g' k¥of] . ha xfdL hxfhsf] l6s6 b]vfp“b} ;'®Iff hf“rsf] clGtd 7fp“df cfOk'Uof} . p;n] xfdLeGbf cl3sf ofq'nfO{ ;fdfGo hf“r u®L k7fO®x]sf] lyof] . dnfO{ klg k7fof] t® d;“u hfg] efOnfO{ onf] sf8{ vf]O{ -clkm|sf l5g{sf nflu geO{ gx'g] of] oNnf] lkme® sf8{ ljz]if lsl;dsf] Hj®f]af6 aRg nufOPsf] vf]ksf] k|df0f xf], lhNnf hg: jf:Yo ljefun] of] ;]jf pknAw u®fp“5_ eg]® ;f]Wof], ® p;n] Jofudf 5 eg]kl5 ®f]lslbof] . d u]6af6 l5g{ dfq nfu]sf] lyP“, xftn] 5]Sb} …o' sfG6 uf]Ú eGb} p;nfO{ ®f]lslbP . lgnf] ;6{, sfnf] k]G6 ® sfn} 6f]kL nufP® a;]sf tL k|x/L em§ x]bf{ g]kfnL g} h:tf] t® cg'xf® eg] uf9f sfnf] . ®fd;fu® lgnf] eO;s]sf] lyof] ® xft] emf]nfdf sf8{ ®fVg lj;]s { f]df k5'tf] ub}{ lyof] . ;'?df tL ;'®IffsdL{ k|x/Ln] krf; xhf® ;]kmf -Ps ;o 8n®_ dfUof] . d}n] of] sf8{ gx'b“ fsf] hl®jfgf xf] ls s] xf] eg]® ;f]w] t® p;n] eGof]– …gf] gf] .Ú p;nfO{ ;To s'®f atfof] eg] 5f]l8b]nf eGg] 7fg]® d}n] ;'gfP“, …xfdL sfo{qmd ;s]® kms{g nfu]sf xf},+ xfdL;“u Tolt w]®} k};f klg 5}g . xfdL Knfgsf sfo{qmddf tkfO{sf] b]zdf kfx'gf x'g cfPsf xf} + .Ú t® p;n] slt a'em\of] yfxf ePg . km]Gr efiff a9L af]Ng] pm 7'6] c+uh ]| L dfq af]Ng] ePsfn] p;nfO{ a'emfp“bf lr6lr6 kl;gf g} cfO;s]sf] lyof], d'v ;'s®] RofKkRofk 6f“l;b} lyof] . zfob xfd|f] s'®f ga'em]® x'g ;S5 pm …lsg s®fO®x]sf] eGg] ;+st] df 3r]6g\ yfNof] . ®, …uf] uf]Ú eGb} ws]NbYof] . d}n] -®fd;fu®nfO{ b]vfp“b_} xfdL Pp6} sfof{nosf k|ltlglw xf}+ eGbf klg p;n] ;'gg] . tL k|x/L dnfO{ k7fP® ®fd;fu®nfO{ b'v lbg] dgl: yltdf ePs}n] x'gk' 5{ dnfO{ cufl8 hfpm eg] t® p;nfO{ cufl8 a9\gaf6 ®f]s ] . d]®f] e"ldsf Ps cleefjssf] klg ePsfn] p;nfO{ 5f8]® lx+8g\ ;Sg] cj: yfdf lyOg . d}n] d olb Tof] 9f]sf kf® u®]kl5 p;nfO{ ;d:of x'g ;Sg] b]v®] hfg dflgg . w]®a} ®] cg'go ljgo ubf{ klg p;n] xfd|f] s'®f] vfPg ® ;fx}| lh2L ul®g} ®x\of] . d c6]® u®L al;g}®x]kl5 p;n] dnfO{ kbf{ nufPsf] zf}rfno hq} sf]7fdf tfGb} nUof] . ®, otfplt x]b{} p;n] d]®f] k;{ b]vfpg eGof], d}n] 5}g eg]+ ® dflgg klg . hxfhdf ofq' r9\g] sfd ;'? eO;s]sfn] pm;“u s®fO®xg'eGbf a? clncln lt®]®} lg:sg k5{ ls eGg] klg nflu;s]sf] lyof] . p;sf] srsrsf] dtnj a'em\g klg ufxf] lyPg . clg d}n] k};f lbG5' t® dnfO{ ekf{O lbg'k5{, 5fk nufOlbg'k5{ cln l®;fP® eg] . p;n] a'em]5 ® Psbd} s8\lsP® 7"nf

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3"; dfq a'emfP® dg zfGt ePg . To;sf nflu dfgl;s tgfj klg ;xg'k¥of] . sl®a Ps 306f hlt s73®fdf pleP® aofg lbPh:t} . ;Dd]ngdf ;xefuL ePsfdWo] Pp6} p8fgdf k®]sf lkmlnlkG;, a+unfb]z ef®tsf ;xefuL ;fyLx¿nfO{ t ;'gfP“ t® of] s'®f g]kfn k'uk] l5 slt a]nf ;'gfph:tf] eO;s]sf] lyof] . Tof] a]nfsf] c;® Pj+ ef]us ] f] ;d:ofsf] efj dnf{ jf ljl;{Pnf eg]® To;nfO{ hxfhd} n]Vg yfn+ ] . ®, clkm|sL d'ns ' kf® x'gc ' l3 g} d:of}bf tof® kf®L l;WofPkl5 dfq} hLp cln xn'sf eof] . s

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Oct-Dec 2006

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iksdn bfxfn cyf{t k|r08 . sf:sLsf] l9s'/k] f]v/ Ldf hGd]sf k|r08sf] afNo gfd lyof] 5ljnfn . k|r08 ;ft jif{sf] 5“bf kxf8df vfgnfpgsf] ;d:of k/]kl5 pgsf lktf ;kl/jf/ sf:sLaf6 lrtjg a;fO“ ;/] . clg ToxL“ x'ls{of] pgsf] afNosfn . sIff !) ;Ddsf] k9fO lrtjgsf] lzjgu/df eof] . k|lj0ftf k|df0fkq txrflx“ sf7df8f+s +} f] c:sn SofDk;af6 . To;kl5sf] pRr lzIff lrtjgsf] /fdk'/ SofDk;af6 s[lif lj1fgdf :gfts;Dd k"/f u/] . sIff !) df k9\bfk9\b} pgsf] cfqmif{0f sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]nglt/ hfg yfNof] . vf;u/L k'iknfn >]i7af6 k|efljt eP/ sDo'lg:6 ePsf pgL g]kfnsf ;dsfnLg rlr{t g]tf x'g\ . pgsf] /fhgLlts hLjg @)$@ ;fnaf6 ;'¿ ePsf] lyof] . Tof] j]nf g]skf -dzfn_sf dxfdGqL df]xgljqmd l;+xnfO{ sf/afxL u/]/ ls/0f j}BnfO{ dxfdGqL agfOof] . To;sf] b'O{ jif{d} df]xg j}Bn] …;]S6/ sf08Ú sf] lhDd]jf/L lnP / k|r08nfO{ dxfdGqL agfOof] . To;kl5 k|r08sf] /fhgLlts efUo olt rlDsof] ls To;otf kf6L{sf] d'Vo lhDd]jf/L pg}n] ;DxfNb} cfPsf 5g\ . @)$^ ;fnsf] hgcfGbf]ngsf] ;Demf}tfnfO{ k|r08sf] ;d"xn] lj/f]w u/]sf] lyof] . b/af/df ePsf] ;Demf}tf logn] …/fli6«o wf]sfÚ eg] . )$* ;fnsf] cfdlgjf{rgdf k|r08 ;+nUg kf6L{ ;+oQ' m hgdf]rf{ g]kfnn] d'ns ' sf] t];f| ] bnsf] ?kdf ;kmNftf xfl;n u¥of] .

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Oct-Dec 2006

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7f}+ ;fkmsf :j0f{ kbs ljh]tf u+uf®fd dxh{gn] b;f}+} blIf0f Pl;ofnL v]ns'b -;fu_ sf bf}®fg >Ln+sfsf] sf]nDaf]af6} cfkm\gf ;GtltnfO{ slxNo} df;{ncf6{; gv]nfpg] 3f]if0ff u®] . s®f“ts ] f] sftftkm{ g]kfnsf dfq geO{ blIf0f Pl;ofs} ;a}eGbf e®kbf{ ® pTs[i6 dflgg] u+uf®fdn] Tolts} olt lg®fzfhgs cleJolQm lbPsf xf]Ogg\ . sl®a b'O{ bzs;Dd cgj®t ¿kn] dfof u®]sf], clg cfkm\gf] lhGbuL g} ;dk{0f u®]sf] v]nk|lt olt w]®} lg®fz x'gs ' f] u+uf®fd;“u hfoh sf®0f 5 . blIf0f Pl;ofd} cfkm\gf] :t®df sf]xL v]nf8L geP klg u+uf®fd ;fusf nuftf®sf b'O{ ;+:s®0fdf lhtsf] eflubf® aGg kfPgg\ . kfls: tfgsf] ®fhwfgL O:nfdfjfbdf ;g\ @))# df ;DkGg gjf}+ ;fkmdf sf:o kbsdf lrQ a'emfPsf u+uf®fd o;kfln b;f}+ ;fudf t klxnf] r®0fd} k®flht eP . v]ndf xf®–lht :jfefljs xf] eGg] u+uf®fdnfO{ ®fd|®L yfxf 5 . xf®]s} e®df pgL s®ft]kl| t oltlj£g lgi7'®L ePsf xf]Ogg\ . cf7f}+ ;fkmdf ®fi6«sf nflu :j0f{ kbs lht]sf u+uf®fd To;kl5sf b'j} ;+:s®0fdf lg0ff{ossf] kIfkftL Jojxf®sf sf®0f k®flht ePsf lyP . cf7f}+ ;fkmdf !$ j6f :j0f{ lht]sf] s®f“ts ] f] kf]N6fdf gjf}d+ f Ps tyf !) cf}d+ f b'O{ :j0f{ dfq k¥of] . o;} u®L gjf}d+ f ^ :j0f{df ;Lldt ePsf] t]SjfGbf]sf] kbs ;+Vof @ df em¥of] . vf;df g]kfnL v]nf8Lsf] :t® em®]® glthf k|efljt ePsf] xf]Og, g t k|ltåGåLn] g} g]kfnnfO{ o;®L kQf ;fkm} kfg]{ u®L k|ult u®]sf 5g\ . gjf}+ ;fkmdf s®f“ts ] f u+uf®fd, ®lj dxh{g, s'zn >]i7, ®fh' clwsf®L ® t]SjfGbf]sf s'df® dfgGw®x¿ k®flht x'b“ f O:nfdfjfbdf pkl:yt ®x]sf x®]snfO{ wf“wnL ePsf] a'em\g ufx|f] k®]g . >Ln+sfnL clwsf®Lx¿n] t d'v} kmf]®–] …xfdLsxf“ ;fkm cfof]hgf xf];,\ To;kl5 xfdL klg of] wf“wnLsf] hjfkm o;} u®L lbg]5f} + .Ú geGb} o;kfln !) cf}+ ;fudf To:t} eof], >Ln+sfn] wf“wnLsf] gd'gf b]vfOlbof] . t® kfls: tfgnfO{ b]vfPsf] wf“wnLsf] gd'gfn] ;a}eGbf a9L kL8f g]kfnL 6f]nLnfO{ eof] . cfof]hsn] b'O{ gof“ v]n yKg kfpg] k|fjwfgcg'¿k o;kfln >Ln+sfn] p;' ® ;fOlSnª yKbf g]kfn lgs} pT;flxt lyof] . s®f“t] ® t]SjfGbf]df g]kfn Tolts} blIf0f Pl;ofdf alnof] lyof], ;fydf cfkm\gf] ®fd|f] k|efj ®x]sf] p;' klg ylk“bf g]kfnn] ;fudf t];f| ] :yfg Nofpg];Ddsf] nIo agfPsf] lyof] . olb åGåu|: t >Ln+sfsf] ®fhwfgLdf k|ltof]lutf lgikIf 9+un] ;DkGg ePsf] eP, g]kfnsf] nIo sl7g eP klg ;Dej b]lvGYof] . lsgls g]kfnn] b'O{ :j0f{ lht]sf

s®f“t,] t]SjfGbf] ® p;'df sDtLdf ^÷^ : j0f{ kbs bfaL u®]sf] lyof] . ;xefuL v]nf8Lsf] v]n:t®sf] lgikIf d"Nof+sg ubf{ df;{ncf6{;df g]kfnsf] bfaL hfoh lyof] . cf]nlDkog t]SjfGbf] v]nf8L ;+uLgf j}B, s®f“ts ] f bLks >]i7 clg u+uf®fdx¿ cem} klg blIf0f Pl;ofdf :j0f{ kbs lhTg ;Ifd lyP . t]SjfGbf]sL cfo';f zfSo ® s'df® dfgGw®x¿sf] :t®df blIf0f Pl;ofdf k|ltåGåL e]l6“bg} . t® cfof]hsn] v]ns'bsf] ;xL dd{ ga'lemlb“bf ;+uLgf j}B ® bLks >]i7h:tf axfb'® v]nf8Lx¿ ;fudf ≈ofl6«s :j0f{sf] Oltxf; ®Rgaf6 jl~rt eP . ;+uLgf ® bLks b'jn} ] cf7f}+ ® gjf+} ;fkmdf cf–cfkm\gf] ljwfdf :j0f{ kbs lht]sf lyP . o;} u®L cfo';f, s'df® ® u+uf®fdx¿ cfkm\gf] k|bz{g cg'¿ksf] glthfaf6 jl~rt eP eg] t]SjfGbf]df :j0f{ lht]® ;fudf : j0f{ kbssf] ≈ofl6«s u®]sf bLks lji6nfO{ cfkm\gf] ;kmntf kTofpg} ufx|f] eof] . …o;kfln ePsf] Jofks wf“wnLsf sf®0f dnfO{ ;kmntfk|lt z+sf lyof] . d cfkm\gf] v]naf6 ljZj:t eP klg ;fyLx¿nfO{ wf“wnL u®]® x®fPsf] b]vk] l5 cfkm" klg wf“wnLsf] l;sf® x'g] 8®af6 ql;t lyPÚ :j0f{ lht]® Oltxf; ®Rg]lalQs} lbksn] eg]sf lyP– …lg0f{osf] b[li6n] o;kflnsf] ;fu ;a}eGbf v®fa ®≈of] . v]nf8Lsf] k|bz{geGbf klg ;DalGwt ®fi6«sf] cGt®f{li6«o hut\df nlaª tyf cfof]hssf] xfnLd'xfnLn] o;kflnsf] ;fudf a9L dxTj kfof] .Ú

wf“wnLsf] rk]6fdf df;{ncf6{; .. cho km'ofn

v]ns'b kqsf/ d~rsf cWoIf lg/~hg ®fhj+zLsf cg';f® ;a} k|ltåGåL 6f]nLdf ljZj s®f“ts ] f] cu|0fL dflgg] hfkfgsf k|lzIfsx¿ ePsfn] g]kfn s®f“td] f lg®fz aGg'k¥of] eg] t]SjfGbf]df klg g]kfnsf] sdhf]® cGt®f{li6«o k|efjs} sf®0f ;Ifd v]nf8L;d]t lg®fz aGg'k¥of] . alS;ªsf] xsdf Pl;ofnL alS;ª dxf;+3df kfls:tfgsf] alnof] k|efj ®x]sfn] ;fudf clwsf+z kbs kfls:tfgn] kfof] . …hhn] x'b“ } gePsf]nfO{ KjfOG6 lbg] clg :sf]® ug]n { fO{ glbg]h:tf 36gf sf]nDaf]df ;fdfGoh:t} ePÚ kqsf® ®fhj+zLn] eg]– …h;sf] nlaª alnof] 5, p;n] To;} KjfOG6 kfpg] t® nlaª sdhf]® x'gn ] ] :sf]® u®] klg KjfOG6 gkfpg] . To:tf] k|ltof]lutf klg b]lvof] .Ú :j0f{sf] ≈ofl6«s ug]{ nIo lnP® sf]nDaf] k'us ] f bLks >]i7nfO{ klxnf] r®0fd} >Ln+sfnL v]nf8L;“u x®fO“bf af+uf] cf“vfn] wf“wnLsf] r®d g'dgf b]v]sf g]kfnL v]nf8Lx¿n] se8{ xndf lgs} xf]xNnf dRrfP . k|ltof]lutf g} sl®a Ps 3G6f cj?4 eof] . t® bLksn] k|bz{gcg';f®sf] Gofof]lrt glthf kfPgg\ . a? Pl;ofnL s®f“t] dxf;+3n] pgnfO{ b'O{ jif{sf nflu k|ltalGwt u®]® wf“wnL ug{ k|]l®t ug]{ ljkIfL ® To;sf] eflubf® aGg] lg0ff{osnfO{ k'®:s[t u¥of], s®f“t]df wf“wnLnfO{ ;+:yfut ug]{ ;+s]t u¥of] . blIf0f Pl;ofnL s®f“td] f bLks >]i7sf] gfd :jod\ k|ltåGåL ®fi6«sf v]nf8Ln] ;d]t a8f] cfb®k"js { lng] u5{g \ . kl5Nnf b'O{ ;+:s®0fdf nuftf® bLks;“u xf®]sf >Ln+sfnL v]nf8L cf®h] P8jf8{n] sd;]sd o;kfln bLksnfO{ 5Ng ^) s]hL tf}n ;d"xdf k|lt:kwf{ gu®L ^% s]hLdf efUo k®LIf0f u®]sf lyP . of] 5'§} xf] ls ^% s]hLdf klg pgL g]kfns} :j0f{ ljh]tf s'zn >]i7af6 lg®fz eP . ef®f]Qf]ngn] g;f]rs ] f] :j0f{ lbg] qmddf sdnaxfb'® clwsf®L ;kmn x'b“ f clg axfb'® wfjs ®fh]Gb| e08f®Ln] Pyn]l6S;df bf]xf]®f] : j0f{ lhltlb“bf cfzf ul®Psf] km'6ansf] lg®fzf tyf r®d wf“wnLsf] df®sf afah'b g]kfnn] ( : j0f{, !% ®ht ® #! sf:o kbs lht]® ;fusf ;xefuL cf7 ®fi6«df rf}yf] :yfg ;'®lIft ug{ ;kmn ePsf] 5 . olb v] n f8L–k| l zIfssf] d] x gt;“ u } ca g]kfnL df;{ncf6{;sf kbflwsf®Lx¿n] klg sDtLdf cfkm"lj?4 cGofo gx'g; ] Ddsf] cGt®f{li6«o nlaª ug{ EofPdf blIf0f Pl;ofdf g]kfnL v]ns'bsf] ;fv hf]luPnf . cGoyf !!cf}+ ;fudf a+unfb]z ® ckmuflg:tfgeGbf klg kl5 kg{ ;S5 .s a'4

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Oct-Dec 2006

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Oct-Dec 2006

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sdfOsf] cfwf/df cleg]qLx¿nfO{ b'O{ >]0fLdf ljefhg ug{ ;lsG5 . klxnf] >]0fLsf cleg]qLn] clxn] Ps nfv ?k}of“sf] xf/fxf/Ldf kfl/>lds lnG5g\ eg] bf];|f] >]0fLsfn] krf; xhf/ jl/kl/ lrQ a'emfp“5g\ .

gflosfsf] cfDbfgL .. bLk]Gb| nfdf gf®L t x'g,\ g]kfnL rnlrqsf …k®LÚx¿ cfw'lgs ;f}Gbo{sf] ®demdb]lv cnu x'g sxf“ ;S5g\ ® < k]ml® pgLx¿n] a]Rg] eg]s} ;'Gb®tf g} xf] . t}klg rfkfrfksf] a]nf lbgdf !@ 306f;Dd ;'l6ª SofDkd} OGu]H8 x'g] x'gfn] pgLx¿nfO{ lsgd]n ® 3'dlkm®sf] df}sf sd} ldN5 . To;}n] t'ngfTds ¿kn] pgLx¿ sd vrf{n' x'G5g\ . t®, cfk"mnfO{ d]G6]g ug{ cfjZos kg]{ vr{df pgLx¿ s~h':ofO“ eg] ub}g{ g\ . vr{ ug]{ Ifdtf sdfOn] lgwf{®0f ug]{ xf] . rnlrqdf …s : dl] 6sÚ ® …s:df]kf]ln6Ú b]lvg] …lx/f]OgÚ x¿sf] klAns u]6ck vf;} emlsemsfp b]lv“bg} . oxL cfwf®df klg pgLx¿sf] cfDbfgLsf] xNsf cGbfh ug{ ;lsG5 . aflx/L cfj®0fnfO{ a9L k|fyldstf glbg] cleg]qL klg 5g\ t® lgs} sd .

UNofd® b'lgof“sf w]®h } ;f] …k®LÚ x¿ lnk\m6 dfUg] ;+:s[ltdf x'ls{Psf 5g\ . cfk\mgf] NffOgsf ldqx¿n] g} 8«k ul®lbg] x'gfn] pgLx¿nfO{ lghL ;jf®L;fwgsf] vf“rf] k®]sf] 5}g . To;}n] k'?if snfsf®n] h:tf] sf® lsGg] xf]8af6 pgLx¿ 6f9} 5g\ . lghL sf®df ;o® ug]{ ljkgf yfkf ckjfb x'g \ . To;}n] sf® gePsfn] pgLx¿sf] cfDbfgL Go"g 5 eGg ldNb}g . sdfOsf] cfwf®df cleg]qLx¿nfO{ b'O{ >]0fLdf ljefhg ug{ ;lsG5 . klxnf] >]0fLsf cleg]qLn] clxn] Ps nfv ?k}of“sf] xf®fxf®Ldf kfl®>lds lnG5g\ eg] bf];f| ] >]0fLsfn] krf; xhf® jl®kl® lrQ a'emfp“5g\ . klxnf] >]0fLdf sl®Zdf dfgGw®, lg?tf l;+x, hn zfx, ljkgf yfkf ® ®]vf yfkf k5{g \ . kf“r jif{cl3 rnlrq lgdf{0fdf af9L cfp“bf sl®Zdf ® lg?tfn] tLg nfv;Dd dfu u®]sf lyP . clxn] rnlrqsf] sdfO ® lgdf{0f b'j} 36]kl5 klxnf] >]0fLsf a'4

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Oct-Dec 2006

hLjgsf /+u

dflgg] cleg]qLx¿n] Ps nfveGbf a9L dfUb}gg\ . k'®fgf ® glhssf lgdf{tfx¿sf] rnlrqdf &) xhf®;Ddd} sfd ul®lbg tof® x'G5g\ pgLx¿ . sl®Zdf ® hn clxn] :jb]zdf 5}gg\ . lg?tf, ljkgf ® ®]vfdfq} clxn] d}bfgdf 5g\ . t®, c¿eGbf ®]vf;“u sfdsf] y'kf| ] 5 . ®]vfn] g} a9L k};f kfp“l5g\ . pgnfO{ 8]9 nfv;Dd lt®]® ljb]zsf :6]h sfo{qmddf ;d]t af]nfOG5 . lg?tfsf] 9Ns“bf] pd]® ® ljkgfsf] k®Dk®fut Od]hnfO{ ®]vfsf] sfd'stfn] lkmSsf kfl®lbPsf] xf] . ®]vf 5f]6f] ® kf®bzL{ n'uf nufpg 8®fp“lbgg\ . pgsf] lxDdtn] ®fd|} d"No kfO®x]sf] 5 . rnlrq lgdf{0fdf dGbL 5fPkl5 ljkgfn] sdfOsf nflu cfk\mgf] k'®fgf] OR5f a'l6s vf]ns ] L l5g\ . sdfOs} lrGtfn] sl®Zdf, k"hf rGb, s[li6 d}gfnL, ;f®+uf >]i7, uf}®L dNn, ¿kf ®fgf, lagf a'9fyf]sLh:tf gof“k®' fgf …lx/f]OgÚ x¿ ljb]zL e"lddf dfOu|6] ePsf x'g \ . pgLx¿n] cfk\mgf k|z; + sx¿ u'dfPsf 5g\ t® k};f eg] k|z:t} sdfPsf 5g\ .

nueu %) eGbf a9L rnlrq v]ln;s]sf cleg]qL x'g\ lg?tf ® ljkgf . pgLx¿sf nflu !)÷!% jif{sf] cjlwdf cfly{s ;|f]t log} rnlrq ag] . t® o;k|lt ;Gt'i6 5}gg\ ljkgf . lx;fa a'emfp“l5g\, …of] cjlwdf rnlrqaf6 %) nfv hlt sdfP“ xf]nf . cyf{t jif{sf] kf“r nfv . dlxgfdf eGbf sl®a $) xhf® . Tolt t vr{ eP® l;l4xfN5 lg †Ú nueu kf“r jif{d} …6kÚ aGg ;s]sL ®]vfn] clxn] g} sdfOsf] bf];f| ] ;|ft] :yfkgf ug{ rnlrqd} nufgL ug{ yfn]sL l5g\ . pgn] b'Oj{ 6f rnlrqsf] lgdf{0f ul®;s]sL l5g\ . rnlrqdf clego u®]sf] e®d} k};f sdfP® hf]ufpg ;lsG5 eGg] s'®fdf pgnfO{ ljZjf; 5}g . k]ml® k"mn rf“8} cf]OnfOxfN5 eGg] klg pgnfO{ yfxf 5 . To;}n] cfk\mgf] rds dw'®f] gx'b“ } cfDbfgLsf] :yfoL d'xfg vGg] kIfdf pgL l5g\ . sdfOsf lx;fan] ;Hhf d}gfnL, ®]lhgf pk|t] L, ;l~rtf n'O6“ n ] , piff kf}8n ] ® glGbtf s];Lx¿ bf];f| ] >]0fLdf k5{g \ . rnlrqdf sfd w]®} gkfpg] x'gfn] pgLx¿ :6]h sfo{qmddf ;d]t Jo: t x'G5g\ . rnlrqdf …;fO8 lx/f]OgÚ

sf ¿kn] ;xefuL x'gx] g' fn] pgLx¿nfO{ a9L kfl®>lds 5'6o\ fOg] rng 5}g . To;}n] cfk\ mgf] vr{ wfGg pgLx¿ sf]xLsf]xL t xf]6n ® ®]:6'®G] 6df ;d]t gfR5g\ . oL cleg]qLx¿ la:tf®} l8lh6n lel8of] rnlrq agfpg] lgdf{tfx¿sf] gh®df kg{ yfn]sf 5g\ . To;afx]s 6]lnz[+vnfdf ;d]t pgLx¿sf] dfu a9\bf] 5 . 6]lnz[v + nfdf clego u®]jfkt pgLx¿n] k|lt efu b'Ob{ l] v Ps xhf®;Dd lng]u5{g \ . To:t} ljb]zsf :6]h sfo{qmddf %) b]lv *) xhf®;Dd xft kfg]{ c8fg pgLx¿sf] x'G5 . ljb]zsf sfo{qmddf ®]lhgf, piff ® glGbtfafx]s lk|of l®hfn ® Crf l3ld®];Ddn] lgoldt cj;® kfO®x]sf 5g\ . ljb]zdf pgLx¿nfO{ kfl®>ldssf] cnfjf ljlzi6 bz{s jf k|z; + saf6 ldNg] cfsif{s l6K;sf] ;d]t nf]e x'G5 . …7"nf lx/f]OgÚ eGbf km®s 5g\ pgLx¿sf] hLjgz}nL . aflx/ lgSng pgLx¿ slt klg lxlRsrfp“bg} g\ . sf® g} r9\5' eGg] dxŒjfsf+Iff pgLx¿;“u kfO“bg} . :s'6®d} :jtGq 3'dlkm® ug]u{ 5{g \ . pgLx¿sf] ;+ut ® vr{ lg?tf ® ljkgfx¿sf] eGbf ;f“3®' f] x'G5 . s

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Oct-Dec 2006

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Oct-Dec 2006

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Oct-Dec 2006

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Oct-Dec 2006

Sharing Risks... Building Relationships

Underwriter of Worldwide Facultative and Treaty Business Designated Indian Reinsurer

cfkTsfn] /lIfiofld General Insurance Corporation of India Suraksha, 170 J.T. Road, Churchgate, Mumbai: 400 020, India Phone: +|91 22 2282 2029 (Direct), +91 22 2283 3046 (Board) Fascimile: +91 22 2282 2337 Email: swift@gicofindia.com/spkati@gicofindia.com