1.009.076
when parking becomes a tool for urban re-organization
1,009,076
a limited resource is never free
08 maart 2011 Bart van Lakwijk
competition brief Hand in your project, report or thesis showing your sustainable and solutions to improve the living environment.
ideas
One can think about a design that allows for environmental and energy conservation in buildings.
Or a model that solve the problems of traffic jams or problems related to parking. One can also come up with ideas for urban renewal or recreation in neighborhoods and cities. - empathic
does the project solve a social problem? - initiative
does one come up with the solution on his own initiative, unasked and surprisingly? - innovative
is the solution making a change? Is it original and unique? - CO2-reduction
has the student thought about reducing CO2-emissions? http://www.strukton-studenten.nl/
1,009,076
a limited resource is never free
08 maart 2011 Bart van Lakwijk
chicago project
1,009,076
a limited resource is never free
08 maart 2011 Bart van Lakwijk
chicago famous for its...
...skyline... 1,009,076
a limited resource is never free
08 maart 2011 Bart van Lakwijk
chicago ...its...
...grid... 1,009,076
a limited resource is never free
08 maart 2011 Bart van Lakwijk
chicago ...and for its...
...El... 1,009,076
a limited resource is never free
08 maart 2011 Bart van Lakwijk
chicago ...but also...
...downtown traffic... 1,009,076
a limited resource is never free
08 maart 2011 Bart van Lakwijk
chicago ...and...
...numerous parking garages 1,009,076
a limited resource is never free
08 maart 2011 Bart van Lakwijk
design problem the automobile threatens to destroy the fabric...
...by which cities are defined 1,009,076
a limited resource is never free
08 maart 2011 Bart van Lakwijk
design task but the automobile is not something to fear...
“reclaim the streets� Trafalgar Square, London, Saturday 12 April 1997
...but rather must become a tool in the hands of urban planners. 1,009,076
a limited resource is never free
08 maart 2011 Bart van Lakwijk
design task what if...
...the automobiles are used to create
new diverse neighborhoods that facilitate urban renewal?
...parking structures are the most ...parking, the parking
1,009,076
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important structures within a community?
structure and their manipulation can be used to shape urban communities?
08 maart 2011 Bart van Lakwijk
parking ratio allowed parking spaces per 100 sq. m...
Parking Ratios
(parking spaces) Land Use 1.6 Manufacturing 1.2 Furniture Store 1.5 Industrial Park 1.1 Residential condominium 12.5 Restaurant 0.5 Warehousing 0.9 Motel 0.3 Retirement Community 0.4 Church 3.8 Government Office 3.6 Discount Store 2.4 Hardware Store 2.9 Supermarket 0.7 Tennis Courts/ Club 10.0 Fast Food with Drive-Thru Fast Food without Drive-Thru 11.7 4.2 Bank with Drive-Thru 0.6 Bank without Drive-Thru 1.4 Convenience Market per 100 sq. m.
Trip Generation
Trips Per Parking Space(
1.9 2.2 3.5 2.9 47.8 2.4 5.1 1.7 3.8 34.5 35.6 25.6 62.8 16.5 316.1 388.6 145.6 95.0 443.5
1.2 1.8 2.4 2.6 3.8 4.9 5.7 6.1 9.0 9.0 10.0 10.6 21.9 23.2 31.6 33.3 34.4 150.8 314.6
(round trips/day)
round trips/space/day)
Source: Institute of Transportation Engineers
...can be used to shape urban communities 1,009,076
a limited resource is never free
08 maart 2011 Bart van Lakwijk
the car the car...
a car spends 95% of its life parked a car occupies 20 sq. m. parked for each car there exists 5 parking spaces
...allows for infinite number of destinations
but decreases the distance people are willing to walk and the amount of interaction that occurs between individuals
1,009,076
a limited resource is never free
08 maart 2011 Bart van Lakwijk
the train public transport...
area of Chicago: 600 sq. km. area of loop (saturated): 3 sq. km. light rail system has 116 stops outside Loop each stop effectively services 0.5 sq. km. 60 sq. km. served
...services a much reduced portion of the city
but increases the distance people are willing to walk and the amount of interaction that occurs between individuals
1,009,076
a limited resource is never free
08 maart 2011 Bart van Lakwijk
design proposal condense transportation...
parking garage
building/ parking garage
public transit
surface parking
off-street parking street parking
allows city to manipulate urban areas by adjusting the number and cost of parking spaces creates a hybrid transportation infrastructure that includes car, bus, light rail and pedestrian limited and carefully placed street parking help to create new areas of urban stimulus
1,009,076
a limited resource is never free
08 maart 2011 Bart van Lakwijk
design proposal ...condense community program Big Box Retail Coffee Shop Grocery Store Hardware Store Art Store
Exercise Club Spa Gymnasium Sports Team
Parking
Gas Station Car Maintenance Rental Car Car Sharing Police Station Fire Station Emergency Health Care
Bus Station Light Rail Station School Daycare Community Center Garbage Collection Recycling Center
parking structure more than a warehouse for the automobile various programs needed within community are inserted parking garage becomes the source of community identity
1,009,076
a limited resource is never free
08 maart 2011 Bart van Lakwijk
design proposal
area of Chicago: 600 sq. km. number of parking garages: 1158 number of parking spaces per garage: 2000 number of parking spaces within the city: 2.316.000
600 sq. km.
1,009,076
a limited resource is never free
08 maart 2011 Bart van Lakwijk
design proposal existing parking lay-out...
total number of parking spaces: 73.467 parking garages: 227
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...does not serve 0.25mile radius layout
08 maart 2011 Bart van Lakwijk
design proposal new parking lay-out...
starting point to boost under-developed areas
...will serve the walking community every 0.25mile radius 1,009,076
a limited resource is never free
08 maart 2011 Bart van Lakwijk
design proposal different zones...
2000sp
0.29sqkm
max pr 1:1
0.06sqkm 0.03sqkm 0.03sqkm
4000sp
max pr 3:1
6000sp
0.21sqkm 4000sp
max pr 7:1
max pr 2:1
max pr 5:1
0.11sqkm
0.21sqkm
2000sp
4000sp
max pr 6:1
2000sp
max pr 4:1
...mean different numbers of available parking spaces, parking ratios and buildable area 1,009,076
a limited resource is never free
08 maart 2011 Bart van Lakwijk
design proposal land value...
...increases closer to the parking structure and in the hybrid zones 1,009,076
a limited resource is never free
08 maart 2011 Bart van Lakwijk
design proposal
1 5 2 6 3
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1
Initial Parking Ratio: 1:1 Max Land Development: 75% Max Building Height: 150 Feet
Mulholland
2
Initial Parking Ratio: 2:1 Max Land Development: 50% Max Building Height: 150 Feet
3
Initial Parking Ratio: 4:1 Max Land Development: 25% Max Building Height: 450 Feet
4
Initial Parking Ratio: 5:1 Max Land Development: 20 % Max Building Height: 600 feet
5
Initial Parking Ratio: 3:1 Max Land Development: 33.3% Max Building Height: 300 feet
6
Initial Parking Ratio: 6:1 Max Land Development: 16.7% Max Building Height: 600 Feet
7
Initial Parking Ratio: 7:1 Max Land Development: 14.3% Max Building Height: None
Shifting Towers
7
4
Lingotto
Hybrid zone
08 maart 2011 Bart van Lakwijk
design proposal Lingotto
Parking Demand
24:00
18:00
12:00
parking ratio: 1:1 Space for New Programs High Demand
1,009,076
a limited resource is never free
M-F
S/S
08 maart 2011 Bart van Lakwijk
design proposal Mulholland
Parking Demand
24:00
18:00
12:00
parking ratio: 2:1 Space for New Programs High Demand
1,009,076
a limited resource is never free
M-F
S/S
08 maart 2011 Bart van Lakwijk
design proposal Shifting Towers
Parking Demand
24:00
18:00
12:00
parking ratio: 4:1 Space for New Programs High Demand
1,009,076
a limited resource is never free
M-F
S/S
08 maart 2011 Bart van Lakwijk
HOLISTIC IDEA
- relocation
of parking to a central structure, servicing the surrounding 0.25mile community,
- condensing
the number of possible destinations within the city,
- creating areas of heightened social - and dissolving
1,009,076
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interaction around centralized structures
the Chicago grid by replacing unused streets by parks and building plots
08 maart 2011 Bart van Lakwijk
HOLISTIC IDEA will result in a model...
...for urban renewal, recreation and human ineraction ...that can be a solution for the problems related to parking ...that reduces the CO2 emissions ...that improves the living environment
1,009,076
a limited resource is never free
08 maart 2011 Bart van Lakwijk
competition brief Hand in your project, report or thesis showing your sustainable and solutions to improve the living environment.
ideas
One can think about a design that allows for environmental and energy conservation in buildings.
Or a model that solve the problems of traffic jams or problems related to parking. One can also come up with ideas for urban renewal or recreation in neighborhoods and cities. - empathic
does the project solve a social problem? - initiative
does one come up with the solution on his own initiative, unasked and surprisingly? - innovative
is the solution making a change? Is it original and unique? - CO2-reduction
has the student thought about reducing CO2-emissions? http://www.strukton-studenten.nl/
1,009,076
a limited resource is never free
08 maart 2011 Bart van Lakwijk