ARCD307 Urban Morphology FALL 2020-2021 MIDTERM ASSIGNMENTS Efekan Çakır - 160209005
Expected Items: Question 1. 40 points Based on your reading of Kevin Lynch’s Image of the City, explain briefly the five elements that help to create cognitive maps of the places/spaces people experience also commenting on the idea of image of the urban context from Lynch’s point of view. Max. 1200 words. Enrich your explanation with photos, diagrams and sketches (of your own and from references (providing the sources of information and place names). Question 2. 60 points Your home location as being the center, create 3 place-maps in three scales; covering 1 km2, 10km2, 25km2. Utilize Google Earth, Google Maps, or any other existing map. The framework can be either a square or circle, in your own choice. Each map will be drawn on an A3 frame and Lynch’s Cognitive Map will be drawn utilizing the five elements of Lynch schematically. The style can be digital or freehand, of your choice. Please describe on the map briefly the correspondence of these five elements in the real space/place. You can also create another photo collage sheet of A3 depicting landmarks, nodes, paths, edges, districts from your focus area(s). Use bar scale for maps.
Lynch’s 5 Elements & Experienced City Image
GOOD CITY FORM
City image is important because the ability to recognize objects in our environment is critical to our ability to act and function in places effectively ( Lynch, 1981). Thus, the ability of a city is somewhat depends on its ability to be easily found and identified. Kevin Lynch made a connection between psychology and environment, at a time when many psychologists preferred laboratory experiments to the wondering variables of the complicated, real world (Banerjee & Southworth,1990). It’s worth mentioning that lynchian thoughts were the solid foundation for many other theories of good urban design.
PERFORMANCE OF THE CITY
VITALITY
Performance of The City
SENSE
FIT
ACCESSIBILITY
CONTROL
FORMAL COMPONENTS
Vitality is important for live environment. Sense is a connection between physiological and psychological situation. Fit is the match between the function and form. (action -> physical city) Accessibility offers the degree of choice and diversity presented to us. Control means how people under the control are. Effects of city on people.
IDENTITY STRUCTURE MEANING
Analysing the Sensitivity of the City
Identity is the characteristic that allow us to differentiate one space from another. INFORMAL COMPONENTS Structure is how the object is placed in the space considering its relation to the observer and to other objects, as the object is not seen isolated from surroundings but as a part of all environmental components. Transparency Meaning is that which the place stands for or represent. Congruence is the relationship of the form to its function. Congruence Transparency stands for the degree of visibility of process occurring in the place to users. Legibility is the term that has been used for along time in urban planning defined as “ the ease with which its parts can be recognized and organized into a coherent Legibility pattern”.
Environment
Observer
Environmental image is a two-way process. It is a complex process results from an interaction between observer and environment, so the image is built by association.
Lynch’s 5 Elements
Paths are the channels of movement within which the city can be conceived such as alleys, streets, railroads, motorways, canals and the like. The path is not an isolated element, it is a part of an integrated environment, so the sharp separation of a path from surroundings may causes way-finding difficulties. Any path has origin that represents the start point of the trip and destination that represents the end one, these two points if well-known and clear enough, the path will have strong identity that helps linking the city parts together. Cognitive Edges that lines which separate two areas having different features from each other, this line may be natural boundary like rivers, viaducts and topography or artifiMap cial form such as greenbelt, waterfront, highway, elevated motorways or something else, as it may be just the degree of differentiation between two districts through their distinct characteristics, these characteristics may result from using different architectural vocabularies in facades, particular types of landscape elements, property of concavity, height of buildings, different types of housing, classification of activities, social classes…..etc. Districts are character areas perceived to have common characteristics, a separate visual identity from the rest of environment. These areas can be recognized as a thematic unit. District Nodes are the gathering points such as squares, railroad stations, plazas and junctions (source: Lynch,1960) even ordinary street intersections are nodes. Nodes may be junctions, then they are relatEdge (source: Lynch,1960) ed to paths, as being the convergence of these paths such as squares; or thematic concentration such as a concentration of shopping; or both of junctions and concentration. Landmarks vary with an individual's personal experience. They are usually static (they also can be mobile objects such as the sun) and unique objects (physical structures or Node Main resource of this paper: Mohammed, Abdelbaseer Abdelraheem. (2010) geographic features) which can be singled out from a host of possibilities. (source: http://www.mfe.govt.nz/publications/ Spatial Conditions For Sustainable Communities : The Case of Informal Path (source: Bentley, et al., 1985)
rma/people-places-spacesmar02/ people-places-spacesmar02.pdf)
Landmark (source: Kaplan, et al.,1998)
Settlements in GCR. Research Proposal in Ain Shams University Faculty of Engineering Department of Urban Planning
Home Location Centered Lynch’s Cognitive Maps Case Study
Districts
Nodes
a: Altınkum, b: Uluç, c: Gürsu, d: Uncalı, e: Hurma
1: Nashira Park(Semi-public), 2&7: Street Market, 3&6&8: Public Parks, 4: Konyaaltı Urban Square, 5: Konyaaltı Coast
Hurma District is exclusive district between these. Because, in this district many foreign (i.e. Russian) people stay in. Also the district contains a Russian Nested Doll landmark. It is a symbol of this condition.
In this case study, we can see parks in surround of a street markets.
Gürsu District distinguished from the Altınkum, Uluç, and Uncalı with infrastructure. There was came up from bog. Generally there are no strict differences between Uluç and Altınkum. But Altınkum is separated to two parts as South-Eastern and North-Western. The North-Western generally conjugated with Uluç. Uncalı District is an ordinary one. Ther is a conflict in the security. This district contains not only police facilities but also more unruly teens. This is not predictable condition on paper.
Paths
Konyaaltı City Square
Boğaçayı Creek
Edges x: Boğaçayı Creek, z: Mediterranean Sea, z: Akdeniz University
Landmarks Türkay Hotel does not exist now, but its image is in minds. Antalya has many landmarks like that. Navigators cannot give instruction that matches with that in minds.
The paths generally on roadways, because the settlement is relative newer than rest of the city. Roadway contains the well pedestrian ways. Russian Nested Doll
The Konyaaltı Urban Square and surround of it is the main node of the study case. The Konyaaltı Coast and the Square feed each other.
University Entrance
Porto Bello Hotel & The Coast & The Sea
Sealife Hotel
City Hall